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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban cohorts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

HAUKKA, J., J. SUVISAARI, T. VARILO, and J. LÖNNQVIST. "Regional variation in the incidence of schizophrenia in Finland: a study of birth cohorts born from 1950 to 1969." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 6 (2001): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004299.

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Background. We investigated whether there is regional variation in the incidence of schizophrenia and if so, whether it is caused by urban–rural differences, larger spatial clustering, or both. To control for the effect of migration, we examined regional variation in the incidence according to place of birth.Methods. Finnish birth cohorts born from 1950 to 1969 were followed in the National Hospital Discharge Register from 1969 until 1991, and all cases of schizophrenia (ICD-8 or ICD-9 295) were identified (N = 14828). Forty-eight of the 559 municipalities were classified as urban and 25% of t

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Shukla, Vachaspati, and Udaya S. Mishra. "Reading Progress in Attainment of Higher Education Goals in India: Features and Characteristics." Social Change 54, no. 1 (2024): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857231221206.

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This article is an attempt at evaluating the progress in higher education attainment in India, using an innovative approach of reading such progress in terms of varying attainments by age cohorts (older to younger). In addition, characteristic differentials are accounted for in the evaluation of such progress. It reveals that group disparities tend to be lower among the younger age cohorts, and the pattern of social and gender disparities appears to be different in the rural and urban sectors. Gender disparity disappears in the youngest age cohort for the urban sector, while it remains signifi

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MacGregor, R. G., and A. J. Ross. "Throughput rates and time to completion of health science students of rural origin in South Africa." African Journal of Health Professions Education 16, no. 2 (2024): e1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/ajhpe.2024.v16i2.1140.

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Background. There is a shortage of qualified healthcare workers in South Africa (SA), as well as a maldistribution between urban and rural areas. Research has shown that health professionals of rural origin are more likely to live and work in rural areas than their urban colleagues. It has been recommended that student selection policies of higher education institutions should prioritise applicants from rural and remote areas to address the urban-rural maldistribution of graduates and to redress historical equity issues. However, university students in SA have high attrition and low graduation

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Sun, Yilin, E. Owen D. Waygood, and Zhiyi Huang. "Do Automobility Cohorts Exist in Urban Travel?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2323, no. 1 (2012): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2323-03.

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Price, Alison J., Modou Jobe, Isaac Sekitoleko, et al. "Epidemiology of multimorbidity in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from four population cohorts." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 12 (2023): e0002677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002677.

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We investigated prevalence and demographic characteristics of adults living with multimorbidity (≥2 long-term conditions) in three low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa, using secondary population-level data from four cohorts; Malawi (urban & rural), The Gambia (rural) and Uganda (rural). Information on; measured hypertension, diabetes and obesity was available in all cohorts; measured hypercholesterolaemia and HIV and self-reported asthma was available in two cohorts and clinically diagnosed epilepsy in one cohort. Analyses included calculation of age standardised multimorbidity prev

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Čipin, Ivan. "Razlike u kohortnom fertilitetu prema migracijskom obilježju: slučaj Grada Zagreba." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 38, no. 1 (2022): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.38.1.1.

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The impact of migration on fertility is becoming an increasingly common research theme within the framework of population studies. Numerous demographic and geographical studies have found lower fertility in urban than in rural areas, both in developing and developed countries. Structural and contextual factors most often explain this difference. Structural factors refer to people of dissimilar socio-economic characteristics living in different areas, while contextual factors cover the current living conditions in the broadest sense. However, when explaining the urban–rural fertility difference

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Li, Jingjing, Boyang Li, Fengfan Zhang, and Yang Sun. "Urban and rural stroke mortality rates in China between 1988 and 2013: An age-period-cohort analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 45, no. 2 (2017): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060516664241.

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Objective To evaluate effects attributable to age, time period and birth cohort, on stroke mortality data from urban and rural regions in China between 1988 and 2013. Methods Mortality data were obtained from the Chinese Health Statistics Annual Report (1987–2001) and Chinese Health Statistics Yearbooks (2003–2014). Population data were obtained from population censuses (i.e. 1982, 1990, 2000 and 2010). Data were analysed using an age-period-cohort (APC) model and intrinsic estimation (IE) method. Results The age effect suggested that all older residents had higher stroke mortality risk than y

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Gu, Xiaorong. "Four decades of transition to first marriage in China: Economic reform and persisting marriage norms." International Journal of Population Studies 4, no. 1 (2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.v4i1.669.

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This study draws on three waves (2012; 2013; 2015) of pooled data from the China General Social Survey to examine two major dimensions of the transition to first marriage among four cohorts of youths, i.e. the transition tempos and the homogamy patterns. Key findings include: 1) there is no evidence of systematic delays in family formation among cohorts coming of age after reform, albeit moderate cross-cohort heterogeneity. Two cohorts are identified for their unique trajectories: The Cultural Revolution cohort with a relatively protracted transition process and the Late Reform cohort with a r

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Kurth, Maria, Soyoung Choun, Dylan Lee, David Rothwell, and Carolyn aldwin. "PTSD SYMPTOMS AMONG VIETNAM, PERSIAN GULF, AND OEF/OIF/OND VETERANS: A RURAL/URBAN COMPARISON." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S388—S389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1427.

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Abstract There are mixed results in studies examining rural/urban differences in PTSD symptoms among veterans; however, many of these studies failed to consider possible confounds with geographic location. This study examined rural/urban differences in PTSD symptoms by combat exposure, war cohort, and gender. The VALOR (Veterans Aging: Longitudinal studies in Oregon) pilot study sampled Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and OEF/OIF/OND war cohorts using an online survey. The sample (N=237, Mage=57.84, SD=12.68) was mainly male (65%), White (85%), and urban (75.95%); most reported combat exposure (71%). P

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Schafer, Markus H., and Soyoung Kwon. "Cohorts and Emerging Health Disparities." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53, no. 4 (2012): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146512459961.

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Despite the recent and rapid worldwide rise in body mass index (BMI), little empirical research outside the developed world has systematically considered the role of cohorts in inaugurating emergent biomorphic disparities. This study integrates aspects of the life course perspective (attention to age- and cohort-level influences) with fundamental cause theory to investigate how BMI differences have unfurled in the Chinese population. We analyze growth-curve models of adults in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. The results indicate that more recent cohorts have higher levels of BMI and, am

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Ford, A. B., M. R. Haug, A. W. Roy, P. K. Jones, and S. J. Folmar. "New Cohorts of Urban Elders: Are They in Trouble?" Journal of Gerontology 47, no. 6 (1992): S297—S303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronj/47.6.s297.

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Casari, Silene, Monica Di Paola, Elena Banci, et al. "Changing Dietary Habits: The Impact of Urbanization and Rising Socio-Economic Status in Families from Burkina Faso in Sub-Saharan Africa." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (2022): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091782.

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(1) Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing the fastest urbanization worldwide. People in rural areas still have a traditional and rural lifestyle, whereas the Westernization of diet and lifestyle is already evident in urban areas. This study describes dietary habits of families in Burkina Faso living at different levels of urbanization. (2) Methods: Data on lifestyle, socio-economic conditions, health status and anthropometry were collected from 30 families living in rural villages, a small town and the capital city. A food frequency questionnaire and a 24 h recall diary were used to e

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Su, Binbin, Panliang Zhong, Yundong Xuan, et al. "Changing Patterns in Cancer Mortality from 1987 to 2020 in China." Cancers 15, no. 2 (2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020476.

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Background: China has the highest number of new cancer cases and deaths worldwide, posing huge health and economic burdens to society and affected families. This study comprehensively analyzed secular trends of national cancer mortality statistics to inform future prevention and intervention programs in China. Methods: The annual estimate of overall cancer mortality and its major subtypes were derived from the National Health Commission (NHC). Joinpoint analysis was used to detect changes in trends, and we used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate cohort and period effects in Cancers between

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Zhang, Jingwen. "TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF UNMET LONG-TERM CARE NEEDS IN CHINA: AN AGE PERIOD COHORT ANALYSIS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 137. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.0441.

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Abstract The rapid demographic changes, combined with heavy reliance on informal care, pose significant challenges to meeting long-term care (LTC) needs in China. However, research has yet to comprehensively appraise how and to what extent the unmet need has changed during the past two decades. Drawing on data from 6,030 urban and 5,070 rural residents in the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS), 2005-2017/18, this study investigates the temporal changes in unmet LTC needs among Chinese older adults. We applied the newly developed age-period-cohort interaction (APC-I) model to

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Rai, Pooja, Pravin Sahadevan, Thomas G. Issac, and Jonas S. Sundarakumar. "Decomposing rural-urban differences in depression prevalence: a cross-sectional analysis of two community-based southern Indian cohorts." BMJ Public Health 2, no. 2 (2024): e000760. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000760.

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IntroductionDepression is a growing public health concern in India but its prevalence is uneven across the country, possibly influenced by several sociodemographic factors. We aimed to assess the rural-urban disparity in the prevalence of depression and their associated sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors.MethodsParticipants were middle-aged and older adults (≥45 years) from two parallel, prospective cohorts from rural (CBR-SANSCOG, n=4493) and urban (CBR-TLSA, n=972) southern India. We used cross-sectional data from the baseline clinical and biochemical assessments of the above two

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Vintimilla, Raul M., Stephanie E. Large, Adriana Gamboa, et al. "The Link between Potassium and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Mexican-Americans." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 8, no. 1 (2018): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488483.

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that increasing dietary intake of minerals reduces the risk of dementia. This study aimed to examine the relationship between potassium and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a sample of older Mexican-Americans from rural and urban populations. Methods: The sample was formed of a total of 139 participants with MCI and 371 normal controls from two independent cohorts: a rural cohort (Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now through Intervention, Education and Research [Project FRONTIER]) and an urban cohort (the Health and Aging Brain among Lati

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MARCELIS, M., F. NAVARRO-MATEU, R. MURRAY, J. P. SELTEN, and J. VAN OS. "Urbanization and psychosis: a study of 1942–1978 birth cohorts in The Netherlands." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 4 (1998): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006898.

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Background. Urban birth is associated with later schizophrenia. This study examined whether this finding is diagnosis-specific and which individuals are most at risk.Methods. All live births recorded between 1942 and 1978 in any of the 646 Dutch municipalities were followed-up through the National Psychiatric Case Register for first psychiatric admission for psychosis between 1970 and 1992 (N=42115).Results. Urban birth was linearly associated with later schizophrenia (incidence rate ratio linear trend (IRR), 1·39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1·36–1·42), affective psychosis (IRR, 1·18; 9

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Seginer, Rachel, and Ronit Schlesinger. "Adolescents’ Future Orientation in Time and Place: The Case of the Israeli Kibbutz." International Journal of Behavioral Development 22, no. 1 (1998): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502598384559.

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This study examined the effect of changing social circumstances on adolescents’ future orientation. Focusing on the recent kibbutz crisis, the future orientation of two cohorts of kibbutz and urban boys and girls ( N 438) who were high school seniors in 1984 and 1992 was analysed. Results partly supported cohort, gender, and cohort by setting effects in adolescents’ future orientation, indicating that: (1) the 1992 cohort invested more in constructing prospective domains pertaining to adulthood ( work and career, marriage and family) and less in military service; (2) the tendency of Israeli ad

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Haffert, Lukas, and Reto Mitteregger. "Cohorts and neighbors: Urban-rural conflict along the age gradient." Electoral Studies 86 (December 2023): 102705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102705.

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Keshavarz Haddad, GholamReza, Nader Habibi, and Sajad Rafiee. "Decomposition of cohort, age and time effects in Iranian households’ cigarette consumption." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 1 (2019): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-09-2017-0256.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine cigarette consumption behavior of younger cohorts in the urban and rural areas of Iran. The authors use Iran’s annual Household Income and Expenditures Surveys (HIES) database over 2007–2013 for the statistical analysis. In order to control for a large number of households with zero expenditure on cigarette consumption, the authors have used the double-hurdle modeling approach for counting the outcomes of interest. The authors have also limited the sample to cases in which the head of household is between the ages of 21 and 45 and all children ar

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Shacham, E., Julia D. López, P. Souza, and E. Turner Overton. "Examining Sexual Function Among Individuals With HIV in a Midwestern US Urban Outpatient Clinic Setting." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no. 5 (2017): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957417724205.

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The role of sexual function and its impact on HIV management have been inadequately evaluated. A cross-sectional study in 2009 of 202 patients with HIV were recruited to examine sexual function and psychosocial/HIV management factors. Analyses assessed the relationship between sexual function, sociodemographic factors, biomedical markers, and depressive symptomology. The M-Estimator compared differences in the means of the HIV, cancer survivors, and the normative cohorts. More than 75% were on combination antiretroviral therapy, of which 70% had suppressed HIV viral loads. Patients with unsupp

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Tatsuta, Nozomi, Kunihiko Nakai, Mineshi Sakamoto, Katsuyuki Murata, and Hiroshi Satoh. "Methylmercury Exposure and Developmental Outcomes in Tohoku Study of Child Development at 18 Months of Age." Toxics 6, no. 3 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics6030049.

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Seafood is an important component in a healthy diet and may contain methylmercury or other contaminants. It is important to recognize the risks and benefits of consuming seafood. A longitudinal prospective birth cohort study has been conducted to clarify the effects of neurotoxicants on child development—the Tohoku Study of Child Development (TSCD) in Japan. TSCD comprises two cohorts; a polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) cohort (urban area) and a methylmercury cohort (coastal area). Our previous results from the coastal area showed prenatal methylmercury exposure affected psychomotor development

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Wen, Qiao. "Trends in College–High School Wage Differentials in China: The Role of Cohort-Specific Labor Supply Shift." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416917.

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The wage gap between 4-year college (BA) and high school (HS) graduates narrows down among young workers from 2002 to 2009 in urban China, despite steadily increasing BA–HS wage gaps for older workers during the same time. This period corresponds to the labor market entry of a radically increasing number of college-educated labor stimulated by China’s higher education expansion program initiated in 1999. This study examines how cohort-specific relative supply of college-educated labor affects the cohort-specific college wage premiums and the overall BA–HS wage gaps in the labor market. Incorpo

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Abduallah, Yaqeen, Neelan Sriranjan, Kristjan Paulson, and Brett L. Houston. "Population-Based Analysis of Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia from a Provincial Cancer Registry and the Canadian Cancer Registry: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 5959. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-209461.

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Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults, accounting for approximately 80 % of cases in adults. The age-standardized incidence rate in Canada is 3.46 cases of AML per 100,000 person-years. Despite advances in therapeutic modalities, the prognosis of AML remains guarded. The landscape of AML management has changed in recent years, due to advancements in molecular diagnostics, targeted therapies, and transplantation. A comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology and outcomes is necessary for informed clinical decision-making. Methods: This retrospe

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Cannon, Andrew C., James Olen Armitage, Philip Bierman, R. Gregory Bociek, Julie M. Vose, and Fausto R. Loberiza. "Disparity In Clinical Outcomes Of Elderly Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation According To Area Of Residence." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1744.1744.

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Abstract Background Our previous studies have shown little or no difference in the overall survival (OS) of urban over rural cohorts with lymphoma. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) is a frequently used treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the elderly tend to tolerate transplant less well than their young counterparts. Increased prevalence of chronic conditions, comorbidity and frailty, serve to further complicate treatment in the elderly. We hypothesize that the same factors that contribute to the complexity of Auto-HSCT in the elderly may also contribute

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Li, Si-ming, and Sanqin Mao. "Exploring residential mobility in Chinese cities: An empirical analysis of Guangzhou." Urban Studies 54, no. 16 (2016): 3718–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016679774.

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In this article we aim to extend the literature on residential decisions and relocation in Chinese cities by explicitly incorporating cohort or generation differences in an event-history analysis of residential mobility in the City of Guangzhou over the period 2000–2012, using data from a survey conducted at the end of 2012. The results reveal not only substantially higher mobility propensities for young adults than middle-aged individuals and senior citizens, but significant differential effects of major determinants such as hukou, educational attainment, membership of the Chinese Communist P

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Rodby, Katherine A., Emilie Robinson, Kirstie K. Danielson, Karina P. Quinn, and Anuja K. Antony. "Age-dependent Characteristics in Women with Breast Cancer: Mastectomy and Reconstructive Trends at an Urban Academic Institution." American Surgeon 82, no. 3 (2016): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608200316.

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Breast reconstruction is an important aspect of treatment after breast cancer. Postmastectomy reconstruction bears a significant impact on a woman's postsurgical confidence, sexuality, and overall well-being. Previous studies have inferred that women under age 40 years have unique characteristics that distinguish them from an older cohort. Identifying age-dependent trends will assist with counseling women on mastectomy and reconstruction. To identify age-dependent trends, 100 consecutive women were sampled from a prospectively maintained breast reconstruction database at an urban academic inst

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Shukla, Vachaspati. "Group Disparities in Educational Outcomes: An Age Cohort Perspective." Indian Journal of Human Development 15, no. 2 (2021): 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030211042054.

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This article attempts to evaluate differential progress in educational attainment across social groups segregating the attainments at the level of age cohorts. It argues that mapping of educational attainment across age cohorts offers a robust understanding of educational progress, as it sheds light on the likelihood of younger age-groups getting educated in comparison with the older ones. This article examines attainments across five levels of education among the population subgroups which are categorised based on region (rural–urban), social background (SC/ST and Others), and gender (male–fe

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Arbel, Yuval, Yifat Arbel, Amichai Kerner, and Miryam Kerner. "Young vs. Old Population: Does Urban Environment of Skyscrapers Create Different Obesity Prevalence?" BioMed 3, no. 4 (2023): 440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomed3040036.

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This study investigates the impact of more densely populated urban environments proxied by the number of skyscrapers on the obesity prevalence among young vs. old populations at a US statewide level. Obesity is a global pandemic, as well as a major risk factor for a long series of health problems and increased mortality rates. We employ a quadratic model, which relaxes the a priori assumption of the monotonic rise or drop in obesity prevalence with the number of skyscrapers. The outcomes demonstrated a U-shaped curve and a sharper decrease (increase) in the projected obesity prevalence with th

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Fahimfar, Noushin, Davood Khalili, Sadaf Ghajarieh Sepanlou, et al. "Cardiovascular mortality in a Western Asian country: results from the Iran Cohort Consortium." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (2018): e020303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020303.

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ObjectivesCardiovascular mortality in Western Asia is high and still rising. However, most data documented on risk prediction has been derived from Western countries and few population-based cohort studies have been conducted in this region. The current study aimed to present the process of pooling data and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality incidences for four Iranian cohorts.MethodsFrom the Iran Cohort Consortium, the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS), Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) and the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study (ShECS) were eligible for the current study since

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LaVigne, A., S. Grover, and S. Rayne. "Knowledge and Screening Practices of Breast and Cervical Cancer in Rural and Urban South Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 46s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.38000.

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Background: The South African government has recently released cancer policies for breast and cervical cancer—the most common types and causes of cancer-related death in South African women. Increased mortality rates and advanced disease at presentation in comparison with developed countries suggests a need for greater awareness of risk factors, screening and preventative methods individualized for the population at risk. Aim: To characterize and compare the knowledge base and perceptions of women in urban and rural settings, we assessed these factors in two different cohorts in South Africa.

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Isaac, Krista, Daniel R. Reed, Raj Piyush Desai, et al. "Distance Does Not Matter: Excellent Survival Outcomes for Leukemia Patients in Rural Appalachia." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 4784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125829.

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Background: Rural communities may not have access to adequate health care, but the effect of geographic residence on patient outcomes and molecular characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly understood. Several studies have investigated the effect of various demographics (such as race, gender, zip code) and environmental exposures on the development and outcome of AML. Evidence is lacking to suggest a link between genetic abnormalities and residence. Methods: A single center, retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with AML diagnosed between 9/2015 and 8/2018. Conse

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Brown, Nicole E., Alyssa Abebe, Kaleab Abebe, and Duane Eisaman. "Determining Factors Associated with Sexual Behavior and Undesired Outcomes in Urban,Young, Adult Female Populations: A Comparative Study." Women's Health – Open Journal 7, no. 1 (2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/whoj-7-142.

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Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies affect adolescent females annually. This study’s objective was to determine factors leading to disproportionate risk of STIs and unplanned pregnancies utilizing a survey to compare a presumed high-risk urban female population with an age-matched expected low-risk urban female population. Methods Adolescent women ages 18-24 were surveyed during 2017 utilizing a qualtrics survey. The survey was given at a local urban university and participating students received research credit. The survey was also given at an urban Emer

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Barros, Aluísio J. D., Iná S. Santos, Alicia Matijasevich, et al. "Methods used in the 1982, 1993, and 2004 birth cohort studies from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and a description of the socioeconomic conditions of participants' families." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, suppl 3 (2008): s371—s380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008001500002.

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Three birth cohorts are currently being followed in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in order to assess changes in birth conditions, growth, development, morbidity, and infant mortality, as well as the influence of pre- and perinatal factors on the subsequent morbidity of participants in their adult lives. We provide a description of the methodology used for the cohort studies that began in 1982, 1993, and 2004 in Pelotas, and a description of the economic conditions of the families involved. For the three cohorts, similar strategies were used to recruit babies born to mothers living in the municipal

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Venkatesh, Ramesh, Prachi Abhishek Dave, Prachi Gurav, Manisha Agarwal, Mamta Jajoo, and Vidit Gupta. "ROP examination of premature babies at an eye hospital referred from urban and semi-urban NICUs." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 12, no. 2 (2020): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v12i2.26273.

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Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is seen in low gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) babies leading to retinal vascular damage. Screening of preterm would help in early identification of this, sight-threatening disease. Multiple factors play an important role in planning screening strategies for these preterm. The objective of this study was done to find the differences and the reasons affecting the proportion of ROP distribution between urban and semi-urban regions in North India. Materials and methods: In this retrospective, comparative study, all babies referred fo

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Hirschhorn, Daniel B. "A Longitudinal Study of Students Completing Four Years of UCSMP Mathematics." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 24, no. 2 (1993): 136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.24.2.0136.

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This article reports on the achievement and attitude aspects of a study comparing students who had the first 4 years of the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP) secondary curriculum to two distinct groups of comparable students, an age cohort and a mathematics course level cohort. A case study design with schools in three different sites (one urban, two suburban) was used. Three instruments were given: a Mathematics Level I Achievement Test from the Educational Testing Service, a 30-item Applications Test, and a 25-item Student Opinion Survey. At two of the sites, the UCSMP

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Ronald, Richard. "The Remarkable Rise and Particular Context of Younger One–Person Households in Seoul and Tokyo." City & Community 16, no. 1 (2017): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12221.

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Numbers of one–person households in East Asia have expanded dramatically in recent decades, especially among younger cohorts living in cities. In explaining this shift, research has largely addressed changes in socioeconomic and policy conditions that have interacted with family and marriage norms. This paper, however, is concerned with interactions of shifting urban and housing conditions that have channeled particular manifestations of single–dwelling featuring shifts in housing pathways among younger–adult cohorts toward living alone in rental housing. Focusing on Seoul and Tokyo as centers

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Noordzij, J. Mark, Marielle A. Beenackers, Joost Oude Groeniger, et al. "Green spaces, subjective health and depressed affect in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-country comparison of four European cohorts." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 5 (2021): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214257.

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Background Studies on associations between urban green space and mental health have yielded mixed results. This study examines associations of green space exposures with subjective health and depressed affect of middle-aged and older adults in four European cohorts. Methods Data came from four Western-European and Central-European ageing cohorts harmonised as part of the Mindmap project, comprising 16 189 adults with an average age of 50–71 years. Green space exposure was based on the distance to the nearest green space and the amount of green space within 800 m buffers around residential addr

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Hao, Lingxin, and Yucheng Liang. "The Spatial and Career Mobility of China's Urban and Rural Labor Force." Management and Organization Review 12, no. 01 (2016): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2015.35.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, we provide a comprehensive examination of the spatial and career mobility of China's labor population. We integrate theories on stratification and social change and exploit the innovative design and measurement of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey to minimize the undercoverage problem of the rural-urban migratory experience. Our analysis provides several fresh findings: (1) at-birth rural household registration (hukou) status leads to a greater probability of spatial mobility and career advancement than at-birth urban hukou status does; (2) education and gender dif

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Allen, Laura, Amanda McIntyre, Shannon Janzen, et al. "Community Stroke Rehabilitation: How Do Rural Residents Fare Compared With Their Urban Counterparts?" Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 1 (2015): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.324.

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AbstractBackground: Rural living has been demonstrated to have an effect on a person’s overall health status, and rural residing individuals often have decreased access to health and specialized rehabilitation services. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if there are differences in recovery from stroke between urban and rural-dwelling stroke survivors accessing an in-home, community-based, interdisciplinary, stroke rehabilitation program. Methods: Data from a cohort of 1222 stroke survivors receiving care from the Community Stroke Rehabilitation Teams between January 2009 and June 201

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Koshy, Beena, Arun S. Karthikeyan, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Anuradha Bose, Sushil John, and Gagandeep Kang. "Secular Growth Trends in Early Childhood—Evidence from Two Low-Income Birth Cohorts Recruited over a Decade in Vellore, India." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 107, no. 1 (2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0886.

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ABSTRACT. Stunting and extreme poverty are considered significant risk factors impacting child development in low-and-middle-income countries. We used two birth cohorts recruited 8–9 years apart in urban low-income (slum) settings in Vellore, south India and analyzed secular growth trends and their predictors. In the rotavirus cohort recruited between 2002 and 2003, 373 children completed the 3-year follow-up. “The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development” (MAL-ED) cohort recruited between 2010 and 2012

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Šobot, Ankica. "Gender roles and education as elements for the explanation of fertility by the type of settlement in Serbia." Demografija, no. 17 (2020): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/demografija2017029s.

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This text is aimed at the consideraton of differences related to fertility of urban and non-urban settlements in Serbia, from the point of view of differentiation concerning education and gender roles. The discussion framework consists of the results of relevant empirical researches that consider gender equality, as well as the presented data about level of education for both types of settlements. In terms of fertility, we used census data and presented two indicators. These are the cumulative live birth rates and the shares of women who have not given birth. The focus is on the generations bo

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Wetwittayakhlang, Panu, Lorant Gonczi, Petra A. Golovics, et al. "Time Trends of Environmental and Socioeconomic Risk Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease over 40 Years: A Population-Based Inception Cohort 1977–2020." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 8 (2023): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12083026.

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Background: Data from population-based studies investigating trends in environmental factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is lacking. We aimed to assess long-term time trends of environmental and socioeconomic factors in IBD patients from a well-defined population-based cohort from Veszprem, Hungary. Methods: Patients were included between 1 January 1977, and 31 December 2020. Trends of environmental and socioeconomic factors were evaluated in three periods based on the decade of diagnosis, representing different therapeutic eras: cohort-A,1977–1995; cohort-B,1996–2008 (imm

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Öst, Cecilia Enström. "Parental Wealth and First-time Homeownership: A Cohort Study of Family Background and Young Adults’ Housing Situation in Sweden." Urban Studies 49, no. 10 (2011): 2137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011427185.

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This paper investigates whether family background seems to have any influence on first-time homeownership. Recent studies have indicated that it has become more difficult to become established in the housing market and such situations may increase the importance of parental wealth. In this study, parental wealth is estimated as family background information on parents’ homeownership, father’s socioeconomic status and single parenting. Unique cohort data for three birth cohorts suggest that there is a significant cohort effect in young adults’ tenure decision. Furthermore, the results imply tha

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Yu, Xinjuan, Xuan Yang, Tingting Yang, Quanjiang Dong, Lili Wang, and Lei Feng. "Decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori according to birth cohorts in urban China." Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology 28, no. 2 (2017): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2017.16557.

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Mehrotra, Shiv N., and Douglas R. Carter. "Determinants of Growth in Multiunit Housing Demand since the Great Recession: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis." Urban Studies Research 2017 (October 12, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3073282.

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Following the Great Recession (2007–2009), growth in multiunit housing starts has been exceptionally strong and sustained. In this study, we examine empirical evidence for three possible explanations, namely, the passage of Baby Boomers into senior years, the depressed economic conditions, and rising preference of recent birth cohorts for residing in urban cores. Applying Age-Period-Cohort analysis to census data on multiunit housing occupancy from 1970 to 2010, we find evidence to support the explanations that a sharp increase in demand from Millennials drawn to urban cores and retiring Baby

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Nartova, Nadezhda. "Metaphorical Foundations of the Generational Imaginary of Urban Russian Youth." Inter 16, no. 2 (2024): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2024.16.2.2.

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The concept of generation has not lost its relevance for many decades; moreover, in the context of the erosion of traditional social classifications, it has acquired particular significance in the formation of social identities. Generational optics are actively used not only in academic debate, but also in political, media, and marketing. The names assigned to cohorts in public discussion become their name, sometimes a stigma or brand, but are not always recruited and used by individuals themselves to describe their generation. The metaphors used in generational names structure the understandi

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Tischer, Christina, Lidia Casas, Inge M. Wouters, et al. "Early exposure to bio-contaminants and asthma up to 10 years of age: results of the HITEA study." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 2 (2014): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00060214.

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Inverse associations have been found between exposure to bio-contaminants and asthma and allergies. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess whether early exposure to bio-contaminants in dust is associated with asthma and allergy later in childhood among children from (sub)-urban areas.In subsets of three European birth cohorts (PIAMA: n=553; INMA: n=481; and LISAplus: n=395), endotoxin, (1,3,)-β-d-glucan and extracellular polysaccharide were measured in dust from living rooms shortly after birth. Current asthma at 6 years and 10 years of age and ever asthma up to 10 years of age were

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Gor, Juhi, Ian Michael Bouligny, Valerie Tran, et al. "Location-based cancer survival in Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An urban center retrospective analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): e18679-e18679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18679.

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e18679 Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy requiring frequent transfusion support, receipt of multiagent chemotherapy, and for many patients, an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Social determinants of health impact access to care and overall survival in many cancers. However, findings by specific cancer types are inconsistent and vary widely. This study aimed to investigate the impact of location of residence and overall survival in Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) ALL in an underserved urban setting. Methods: We analyzed 112 patients

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Okado, Izumi, Michelle Liu-Duerr, Tracey Hewitt, Carry Elhajj, Skyler Nishiyama, and Randall F. Holcombe. "Perceptions of cancer care coordination among rural patients in Hawaii." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e18553-e18553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18553.

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e18553 Background: Rural residents experience disproportionate burdens of cancer including higher incidence and mortality than urban residents. Disparities in rural cancer health outcomes are partially attributed to limited access to specialty care and care coordination challenges in rural areas. To date, little is known about rural cancer patients’ perceptions of care coordination (CC). In this study, we examined rural patients’ perceptions of cancer CC and compared rural and urban patients’ perceptions of cancer CC using the Care Coordination Instrument (CCI), a validated patient-report meas

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