Academic literature on the topic 'Urban Compactness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urban Compactness"
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Hu, Xinyue, Han Yan, Deng Wang, Zhuoqun Zhao, Guoqin Zhang, Tao Lin, and Hong Ye. "A Promotional Construction Approach for an Urban Three-Dimensional Compactness Model—Law-of-Gravitation-Based." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 6777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176777.
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Urban sprawl has led to various economic, social, and environmental problems. Therefore, it is very significant to improve the efficiency of resource usage and promote the development of compact urban form. It is a common topic that measuring urban compactness is done with certain ways and methods as well. Presently, most urban compactness measurement methods are based on two-dimensional (2D) formats, but methods based on three-dimensional (3D) formats that can precisely describe the actual urban spatial conditions are still lacking. To measure the compactness of the 3D urban spatial form accurately, a 3D Compactness Index (VCI) was established based on the Law of Gravitation and the quantitative measurement model. In this model, larger 3D Compactness Index values indicate a more 3D-compact city. However, different urban scales may influence the discrepancy scale of different cities. Thus, the 3D Compactness Index model was normalized as the Normalized 3D Compactness Index (NVCI) to eliminate such discrepancies. In the Normalized 3D Compactness Index model, a sphere with the same volume of real urban buildings in the city was assumed as the most compact 3D urban form, and which was also calculated by 3D Compactness Index processing. The compactness value of the normalized 3D urban form is obtained by comparing the 3D Compactness Index with the most compact 3D urban form. In this study, 1149 typical communities in Xiamen, China, were selected as the experimental fields to verify the index. Some of communities have a quite different Normalized 3D Compactness Index, although they have a similar Normalized 2D Compactness Index (NCI), respectively. Moreover, comparing with the 2D Compactness Index (CI) and Normalized 2D Compactness Index (NCI), the 3D Compactness Index and Normalized 3D Compactness Index can describe and explain reality more precisely. The constructed 3D urban compactness model is expected to contribute to scientific study on urban compactness.
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Altarans, Indra, and Wisnu Pradoto. "URBAN COMPACTNESS DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN KENDAL." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 14, no. 4 (January 9, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v14i4.17822.
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Urbanisasi merupakan proses terjadinya pengkotaan suatu desa sehingga menyebabkan rencana pembangunan kota menjadi tidak terkendali sehingga menimbulkan Urban Sprawl. Urbanisasi akan di proyeksikan beberapa tahun mendatang akan terjadi di Kabupaten Kendal, dikarenakan Pengembangan Kawasan Industri Jababeka di Kendal dalam skala yakni pada area seluas 2200 hektar. Tentu akan membawa dampak yang cukup signifikan, keberadaan lahan pertanian akan terancam akibat meningkatnya permintaan lahan. Upaya untuk membatasi Urban Sprawl di perkotaan kendal dapat dilakukan dengan konsep Compact City sebagai model pengembangan kota yang efisien. Dari itu, di perlukannya Urban Compactness untuk menimalisir Urban Sprawl di Perkotaan Kendal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kekompakan kota di Wilayah Perkotaan Kendal, sehingga di perlukannya derajat pengukuran kota kompak yang disebut dengan Urban Compactness. Pengukuran Urban Compactness berdasarkan keseluruhan indikator Compact City antara lain, indikator Urban Compactness yang digunakan meliputi kepadatan, percampuran fungsi, aksesbilitas kota, dan kerterkaitan jaringan jalan dan transportasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang dipakai dalam mengidentifikasi Urban Compactness di Wilayah Perkotaan Kendal, dengan teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan dan sasaran. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, analisis spasial, dan analisis scoring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Urban Compactness di Wilayah Perkotaan Kendal, mengenai setiap indikator Compact City dalam penentuan Urban Compactness menunjukkan bahwa, pada tingkat Urban Compactness tertinggi berada di Kecamatan Kendal, sedangkan tingkat Urban Compactness sedang berada di Kecamatan Pegandon, dan tingkat Urban Compactness terendah terdapat di Kecamatan Brangsong, Kecamatan kaliwungu, Kecamatan Ngampel, dan Kecamatan Patebon.
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Ewing, Reid, and Shima Hamidi. "Compactness versus Sprawl." Journal of Planning Literature 30, no. 4 (July 22, 2015): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595439.
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In 1997, the Journal of the American Planning Association published a pair of point–counterpoint articles now listed by the American Planning Association as “classics” in the urban planning literature. In the first article, “Are Compact Cities Desirable?” Gordon and Richardson argued in favor of urban sprawl as a benign response to consumer preferences. In the counterpoint article, “Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable?” Ewing argued for compact cities as an alternative to sprawl. It is time to reprise the debate. This article summarizes the literature on urban sprawl characteristics and measurements, causes, impacts, and remedies since the original debate.
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Su, Qing. "Urban Spatial Expansion, Urban Compactness, and Average Travel Demand in the US Urbanized Areas." International Journal of Regional Development 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v7i1.15811.
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This paper examines the impact of a wide variety of factors on spatial size, spatial compactness measured by population density, and average travel demand measured by daily vehicle miles traveled per capita. The simultaneous equation regression results indicate real average household income has a positive impact on spatial size and average travel demand while a negative impact on urban spatial compactness. Transportation cost measured by fuel cost per mile has a negative impact on spatial size while a positive impact on urban spatial compactness. Among the land use policy tools, urban growth boundary has a positive impact on urban compactness while minimum lot size has a positive impact on urban spatial size.
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Yu, Haidong, Yong Liu, Juanjuan Zhao, and Gen Li. "Urban Total Factor Productivity: Does Urban Spatial Structure Matter in China?" Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010214.
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With the rapid development of urbanization in China, urban spatial form has increasingly gained research attention. In this study, the DEA (data envelopment analysis)-Malmquist index model and a panel data model are used to examine the relationship between the urban spatial form and total factor productivity (TFP) of 30 provincial cities in China. Our method of measuring urban spatial form is different from the current entropy method, but we use remote sensing GIS (Geographic Information System) technology to measure the relevant data on urban compactness and urban elongation. The average values of urban compactness and urban elongation first rise, then fall, and then rise again, and there are alternate situations of urban compact development and urban sprawl and expansion. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between urban compactness and TFP. Therefore, cities with high urban compactness can promote TFP. In addition, there is a significant negative correlation between urban extension rate and TFP, indicating that an increase in urban elongation has a restraining effect on TFP. Finally, the average TFP of each city shows a fluctuating trend of rising first and then declining, which is determined mainly by technological change and efficiency change. These results are expected to provide a scientific basis for the development of urban agglomerations in China.
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Angel, Shlomo, Sara Arango Franco, Yang Liu, and Alejandro M. Blei. "The shape compactness of urban footprints." Progress in Planning 139 (July 2020): 100429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2018.12.001.
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Tsai, Yu-Hsin. "Quantifying Urban Form: Compactness versus 'Sprawl'." Urban Studies 42, no. 1 (January 2005): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098042000309748.
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van Nes, Akkelies. "Spatial Configurations and Walkability Potentials. Measuring Urban Compactness with Space Syntax." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115785.
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This contribution demonstrates how space syntax methods on various scale levels can be used to identify and describe the spatial features of a compact city. Firstly, the term urban compactness is discussed. A short discussion of some writings on the compact city are elaborated. As it transpired, urban compactness can best be approached from a spatial topological point of view, since compactness is a topological property. Secondly, urban compactness will be reconsidered in spatial configurative terms through the use of space syntax and urban micro scale tools. Examples from car-, pedestrian-, and public transport-based centres in Oslo and Bergen will be used throughout this contribution. Discussions of the examples in this contribution are discussed with references to other space syntax research results. As the case studies show, enhancing compact neighbourhoods with good walkability potential from a spatial perspective relies on spatial interaccessibility on all scale levels. Accessibility depends on spatial configurative compactness. Seemingly, it depends on the following complex set of sufficient conditions: a spatially integrated street network on all scale levels, short urban blocks and streets with building entrances with windows and doors on the ground floor level.
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Park, Kwiwon, Mack Joong Choi, and Hee-Sun Cho. "The Effects of Urban Compactness on Temperature." Journal of Environmental Policy and Administration 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15301/jepa.2017.25.1.1.
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Asidiqi, Hasbi, Rizon Pamardhi Utomo, and Soedwiwahjono Soedwiwahjono. "Pengaruh Urban Compactness terhadap Tingkat Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Solo Baru." Arsitektura 15, no. 1 (July 14, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.11384.
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<p><em>The development of city at this time tend to increase rapidly with the growing of built-up area as happened in Solo Baru Region. Then, appears compact city concept, The concept focuses on centralizing development in an area which is able to maximize the available land in the form of intensification of land use in a way that diverse land use in order to protect the environment (nature) vicinity of the possibility turned into urban areas. Meanwhile, urban compactness is a method for measuring how compact the region. This research was conducted by the administrative border of villages in Solo Baru Region. </em><em>The problem in this research how was </em><em>the influence of urban compactness toward the level of green space availability </em><em>in Solo Baru Region? </em><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of urban compactness toward the level of green space availability. Methods for determining urban compactness with assessing of three variables, namely the density, mixed-use and public transportation. While the level of availability of green space views based on availability to the population and territory. The method used the descriptive-quantitative analysis using scoring and descriptive-spasial. The results showed there is an influence on the level of urban compactness towards green space availability. The level of urban compactness influence on the green space availability was high in 2002 and also high in 2016. This research recommendations in the planning area is the availability of green space should be increased in prone compaction areas.</em><em></em></p><p align="left"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>compact city, urban compactness, </em><em>level of green space availibility</em></p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban Compactness"
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Caliskan, Olgu. "Urban Compactness: A Study Of Ankara Urban Form." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605289/index.pdf.
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Sustainable urban development is mentioned together with the concept of urban form in contemporary planning literature. The main reason behind this is a need for determining an ideal physical development scheme and its main principles of urban future in a broad term. Besides, the operational side of urban planning requires a concrete set of design codes in order to transform urban space in both macro and mezzo scale. At this point, the concept of urban compactness and the idea of Compact City have come into the agenda of planning.
In the last decade, the model of compact city has become a prototype of sustainable urban form in developed countries. It is also argued whether compact urbanity is a nostalgic metaphor or an engineering solution. It has emerged as a reaction to the negative consequences of urban sprawl and suburbanization as the anti-urbanist urban phenomena in Western geographies. Hence, the relevance of urban compactness should be examined for developing and underdeveloped countries and their settlement structures.
The basic motivation of the thesis is to examine the relevance and validity of urban compactness in the case of Turkey as a developing Eurasian country. For this end, the evolution of urban compactness as a fact and an idea in the historical context of developed countries and it&rsquos meaning for the developing world
Ankara is examined as a case study by re-reading its planning history and the transformation of its urban form from the point of view of compactness.
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Zagorskas, Jurgis. "City Compactness and Modeling of Sustainable Development." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080207_161808-44105.
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The work describes the modern concepts of sustainable development emphasizing on compact city concept. The methodology for obtaining numerical expressions of compactness is developed and examples are shown.Darbe analizuojama kompaktiško miesto teorija ir jos raida, miestų vystymosi tendencijos ir urbanistines kryptis. Nagrinėjami taikomi miesto formos įvertinimo metodai, parinkti metodai urbanistinei miesto erdvinės struktūros analizei. Įvertintas 7 didžiausių Lietuvos miestų kompaktiškumas ir darnumo aspektu įvertinta Kauno miesto erdvinė struktūra.
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Almeida, Maria Inês Pedro de. "Espaço natural de transição.Integração da componente natural em modelos de cidades compacta." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3471.
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Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura com a especialização em ArquitecturaO presente relatório final de projecto tem como objecto de estudo o Espaço Natural de Transição e de que forma é que a componente natural, integrada em modelos de cidades compactas, pode contribuir para um futuro desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades. O crescimento do meio urbano está intimamente relacionado com os processos de fixação de população nas cidades, induzidas por constantes mutações que a humanidade tem enfrentado ao longo dos tempos. No entanto, este crescimento urbano nem sempre tem sido feito segundo um trabalho de planeamento urbano cuidado, o que tem tido como consequência, o desenvolvimento de cidades cada vez mais descaracterizadas, descompactadas e diluídas no território, repletas de rupturas, obstáculos e vazios expectantes. Esta situação acarreta consigo diversos problemas de mobilidade, poluição atmosférica e consumos, tanto energéticos e de recursos, como também de tempo. Este projecto tem como pressuposto base, a tentativa de contrariar o fenómeno de “sprawl” urbano intensificado nas últimas décadas, assentando pelo contrário, na ideia de compactação, densificação e modernização urbana. Propõe-se então, a construção de modelos de cidades compactas que, por um lado privilegiem a aproximação de usos habitacionais, trabalho, educacionais, culturais e de lazer e que por outro, integrem a componente natural de forma generosa no tecido da cidade, sem que esta surja como um elemento de ruptura, mas sim como um Espaço Natural de Transição. Defende-se que este poderá ser um possível caminho para um futuro mais sustentável das cidades do amanhã, onde a população possa atingir, de forma plena, níveis de vida que correspondam às suas necessidades e aspirações.
This dissertation focuses on the Natural Transition Space and how the natural component, when integrated in models of compact cities, can contribute to a sustainable development of cities. The growth of urban areas is closely related to the processes of settlement of people in cities, induced by the constant changes that mankind has undergone throughout the ages. However, this urban growth has not always occurred according to a careful urban planning, which resulted in the development of cities increasingly deprived of their identity, uncompacted and diluted in the territory, full of breaches, obstacles and bleak wastelands. This situation brings with it several mobility issues, air pollution and consumption, not only of energy and resources, but also of time. The basic premise of this project is to inhibit the phenomenon of urban sprawl, which has been growing over the past decades, while defending the idea of urban compactness, densification and upgrading. This dissertation recommends the construction of models of compact cities that, not only favour the proximity of residential, working, educational, cultural and leisure areas, but also integrate the natural component into the structure of the city in such a way that it will not be considered a disruptive element but a Natural Transition Space. We support the idea that this could be a possible path to a more sustainable future of the cities of tomorrow, where the population will be able to fully achieve a standard of living that matches its needs and expectations.
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Gim, Tae-Hyoung. "Utility-based approaches to understanding the effects of urban compactness on travel behavior: a case of Seoul, Korea." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50331.
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Automobile use is associated with significant problems such as air pollution and obesity. Decisions to use the automobile or its alternatives, including walk, bicycle, and public transit, are believed to be associated with urban form. However, in contrast to the hypothesis that compact urban form significantly reduces automobile travel, previous studies reported only a modest effect on travel behavior. These studies, largely built on microeconomic utility theory, are not sufficient for assessing the effect of compactness, for several reasons: (1) The studies postulate that travel invokes only disutility, but travel may also provide intrinsic utility or benefits insomuch as people travel for its own sake; (2) the studies have traditionally focused on how urban compactness reduces the distance between trip origin and destination and accordingly reduces trip time, but urban compactness also increases congestion and reduces trip speed, and thus increases trip time; and (3) the studies have mostly examined automobile commuting, but people travel for various purposes, using different travel modes, and the impact of urban compactness on the utility of non-automobile non-commuting travel has not been duly examined.
On this ground, to better explain the effects that urban compactness has on travel behavior, this dissertation refines the concept of travel utility using two additions to the microeconomic utility theory: activity-based utility theory of derived travel demand and approaches to positive utility of travel. Accordingly, it designs a conceptual model that specifies travel utility as an intermediary between urban compactness and travel behavior and examines the behavior associated with and utility derived from travel mode choices for alternative purposes of travel. Twenty individual models are derived from the conceptual model and tested within the context of Seoul, Korea, using a confirmatory approach of structural equation modeling and data from geographic information systems and a structured sample survey, which is initially designed and validated by semi-structured interviews and subsequent statistical tests. By comparing the individual models, this research concludes that the urban compactness effect on travel behavior, represented by trip frequencies and supplemented by mode shares, is better explained when travel utility is considered and if travel purposes are separately examined. Major empirical findings are that urban compactness affects travel behavior mainly by increasing the benefits of travel in comparison to its modest effect on the cost reduction and people’s behavioral response to urban compactness is to shift modes of commuting travel, decrease travel for shopping, and increase travel for leisure. These purpose-specific findings have implications for transportation planners and public health planners by assisting them in linking plans and policies concerning urban compactness to travel purposes.
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Silva, Natália Huber da. "MAPEAMENTO E PROPOSTA DE CONEXÃO DE FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS EM SANTA MARIA (RS)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9443.
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Recent studies which feature the urban area land use mapping Santa Maria do not have tree-canopy cover differentiation, as Deciduous Atlantic Forest and exotic tree plantations - mostly of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp.. Thus, the study main objective is to carry out a forest fragments analysis of the Santa Maria‟s District Headquarters, seeking a connection proposal to maintain the faunistic genetic flux in a city neighborhood. In order to choose the neighborhood were identified and classified forest fragments in exotic and native, through the manual vectorization a scale of approximately 1: .2000, through Google Earth Pro₢ software with image of Digital Globe₢ satellite, from April 2014. This vectorization was applied to the map of the Headquarters District land use, getting big differences compared to the automatic classification of Maxver₢ in Landsat 8₢, from November, 2014. Through population data provided by the City Hall it was possible calculate a Tree-canopy Cover Index (of Deciduous Forest) per capita. Also, metric parameters as area, circularity and the distance between the fragments were regarded as priorities, respectively, and each one with eliminating character. After tabulating of fragments metrics, through the import of vectorized files for ArcGIS 10.0₢, was established the neighborhood in which the connection proposition was made, and this was carried out another map of use of neighborhood land with Digital Globe₢ image. For connecting proposal of forest fragments were used structural interventions in roads and reforestation areas with native or not invasive exotic species as mitigation measures to fragmentation. These structures are already in use at international, national and state level and most are easy to install or adapt to use of faunal biodiversity. As a result it was found that the city has a tree-canopy cover index per capita reasonably high, with an average of 47.6 m² / inhab. But, dividing the city in Administrative Regions, there are greater differences into this index, that declines to 0.01 m² / inhab. in western region of the city. Based on data like these, it was found that the agricultural practice deforests more than civil constructions in the city, in moving forward about Permanent Preservation Areas. As well, it was observed within the study area that the more distant the remaining fragments of Atlantic Forest are located of its area source, scarcer and smaller they are. Furthermore, it was statistically demonstrated that in urban areas, larger fragments tend to have a lower circularity. The neighborhood that was chosen by the metric mentioned was the Km 3, which houses a large remaining fragment of the Plateau Escarpment. This presented about half of its area covered by fragments of native species and, by having a low population index of 2,700 inhabitants to more than two million square meters of rainforest, has about 660 square meters of tree-canopy native cover per inhabitant, a very high rate for an embedded area in the urban perimeter.Estudos recentes que apresentam mapeamento de uso do solo do perímetro urbano de Santa Maria, não apresentam diferenciação de cobertura arbórea entre Floresta Estacional Decidual e plantações arbóreas exóticas - em sua maior parte de Pinus sp. e Eucalyptus sp. Assim, tem-se como objetivo principal deste estudo a análise dos fragmentos florestais do Distrito Sede de Santa Maria, visando uma proposta de conexão para a manutenção do fluxo gênico faunístico em um bairro da cidade. Para a escolha do bairro, foram identificados e classificados fragmentos florestais em exóticos e nativos, através da vetorização manual a uma escala de aproximadamente 1: 2.000, pelo software Google Earth Pro₢ com imagem do satélite Digital Globe₢ de abril de 2014. Esta vetorização foi aplicada ao mapa de uso do solo do Distrito Sede, obtendo grandes diferenças em comparação à classificação automática do Maxver na imagem Landsat 8₢, de novembro de 2014. Através de dados populacionais disponibilizados pela Prefeitura pôde-se calcular um Índice de Cobertura Arbórea (Floresta Estacional Decidual) por habitante. Ainda, características métricas de área, circularidade e a distância entre os fragmentos foram consideradas como prioridades, respectivamente, sendo cada parâmetro de caráter eliminatório. Depois de realizado o tabelamento da métrica dos fragmentos, através de importação dos arquivos vetorizados para o ArcGis 10.0₢, estabeleceu-se o bairro em que foi realizada a proposta de conexão e, deste, foi elaborado outro mapa de uso do solo com imagem Digital Globe₢. Para a proposta de conexão dos fragmentos florestais foram utilizadas intervenções estruturais em rodovias e áreas de reflorestamento com espécies nativas ou exóticas não invasoras como alternativas mitigadoras à fragmentação. Estas intervenções rodoviárias são utilizadas a nível internacional, nacional e estadual, sendo a maioria de fácil instalação ou adaptação para utilização da biodiversidade faunística. Como resultados verificou-se que a cidade possui um índice de cobertura arbórea por habitante razoavelmente alto, tendo média de 47,6 m²/hab. Porém se dividirmos a cidade em Regiões Administrativas, há diferenças discrepantes em que esse índice decai para 0,01 m²/hab., como na zona Oeste da cidade. Através de dados como estes, concluiu-se que a prática agrícola desmata mais que as instalações de construção civil na cidade, avançando mais sobre Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Também observou-se dentro da área deste estudo que, quanto mais distantes os fragmentos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica situam-se de sua área-fonte, mais escassos e menores eles são. Além disso, foi comprovado estatisticamente que em áreas urbanas, maiores fragmentos tendem a ter menor circularidade. O bairro que foi escolhido através da métrica citada foi o Km 3, que abriga um grande fragmento remanescente do Rebordo do Planalto. Este apresentou cerca de metade de sua área coberta por fragmentos de espécies nativas e, por contar com um baixo índice populacional de 2.700 habitantes para mais de dois milhões de m² de mata atlântica, dispõe cerca de 660 m² de cobertura arbórea por habitante, índice altíssimo para uma área inserida do perímetro urbano.
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Viviere, Manon. "Les représentations sociales de la densité dans l'habitat : vers une faubourisation métropolitaine : "Fabrication, appropriation, territorialisation"." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0399/document.
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La densité se retrouve au cœur des préoccupations des acteurs de la ville. Outil technique mesurant la concentration de logements ou de populations sur un espace, elle se voit aujourd’hui le réceptacle symbolique d’un urbanisme plus durable. Du côté des habitants, associée dans les imaginaires collectifs aux quartiers en difficultés, souvent excentrés, et aux grands ensembles, la densité n’a pas bonne presse. Elle semble responsable d’un blocage cognitif quant à son appropriation sociale, faisant largement figure de rejet. La densité produit ainsi des perceptions architecturales, urbaines et sociales renvoyant à des systèmes symboliques qui lui sont propres.La densité peut être alors interrogée sociologiquement comme un ensemble de représentations sociales qui permet la matérialisation de projets d’habitat, qui guide l’action publique et les politiques urbaines, et qui influence les stratégies résidentielles des habitants. Souvent décrite comme la cristallisation d’une incompréhension entre des acteurs-concepteurs et des habitants-récepteurs d’un habitat plus durable et dorénavant plus dense, la thèse développe une réflexion plus transversale sur la densité, carrefour de l’architecture, de l’urbanisme et de la sociologie urbaine. Comment les acteurs de la fabrication de la ville s’approprient-ils les valeurs renouvelées de la densité dans une actualité où la recherche de nouveaux modèles urbains pour la métropolisation est centrale ? Comment les habitants s’approprient-ils les mutations urbaines et architecturales de l’offre résidentielle des métropoles, aux regards de leurs aspirations résidentielles, mais aussi de leurs lectures sociales des espaces et des formes ?La densité est aussi une dynamique de production de la ville. La densification génère des processus de recompositions sociales et urbaines qui révèlent l’originalité de l’évolution des territoires de faubourgs métropolitains, phénomène sociologique et urbain hybride, ni périurbanisation, ni gentrification ni relégation dans leurs définitions strictes. Les enjeux de gouvernance métropolitaine, les stratégies résidentielles et les formes d’appropriation de la densification par les habitants s’y écrivent de manière singulière, révélant un phénomène qu’il est possible d’appeler la faubourisationThe density finds itself in the very heart of the concerns of city-actors. It is a technical tool measuring the concentration of housing or populations in a given space. Today, the density sees itself as the symbolic receptacle of a more long-lasting town planning. The density has no good press with the inhabitants, being associated in the collective imagination with deprived neighbourhoods and large housing complexes, which are often off-centered. Density seems indeed responsible for a mental blocking because of its social appropriation, widely looking like rejection. The density seems to produce architectural, urban and social perceptions reminding us of symbolic systems of their own.The density can then be sociologically questioned as a set of social representations which allows the realisation of housing projects. It guides public actions and urban policies and influences the residential choices of the inhabitants. Often described as the crystallization of incomprehension between designers-experts and inhabitants-receivers of a more sustainable housing project-and from now on denser- the thesis develops a more transversal thinking on the density : the crossroads of the architecture as well as town planning and urban sociology. How can the « city-makers » adapt to the values renewed by the density in a time when the search for new urban models for the metropolisation is central? How can the inhabitants adapt to the urban and architectural mutations of the metropolises in view of their residential aspirations but also of their social interpretations of spaces and forms?The density is also a dynamics of the city's production. The densification generates processes of social and urban reorganizations. The latter reveal the originality of the evolution of the territories in metropolitan inner suburbs, sociological and urban phenomenon crosses. This is neither périurbanisation, nor gentrification nor banishment in their strict definitions. The metropolitan governance challenges, the residential strategies and the forms of appropriation of the densification by the inhabitants are reflected in a singular way, revealing a phenomenon which it is possible to call the « inner suburbanisation »
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Chi-FeiWang and 王琪斐. "A Research of the Urban Compactness on Energy Consumption." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17708477018958129269.
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Chin-YingChen and 陳瑾霙. "Identification of Urban Compactness Effects on Transportation Energy Consumption among Different Urban Forms." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24287228317181986802.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
100
In recent years the humanity to increase of energy need, feared causes crisis of the energy depletion to occur, was getting bigger and bigger along with the energy need, the energy subject became one of various domains quite important topics. In the urban planning field, in each kind of urban planning strategy, the compact city may save the energy under the high density centralism. But recently there is the research to point out that if excessively crowded, will create more energy consumption. However, the different cities will have the different characteristic and the possibility, because the different cities have different variables. It has affected compact city with the relations of energy consumption. Therefore, this research will attempt by the different urban form variables to pursue affects the factor of the urban energy consumption. This study focused on the discussion relationship compact city and transportation energy consumption. Elements of the urban form also affect energy consumption. In order to reduce heterogeneity between cities, the study first cluster analysis to classify the same characteristics of the city. According to various urban forms explore the relationship between compactness and transportation energy consumption. The results showed that in a different urban size and employment structure, that is, different compactness of the impact of transportation energy consumption. There is a significant relationship between compactness and urban transportation energy consumption in large-scale city; but no significant relationship in the small-scale city. In different urban employment structure, population of the urban tertiary industry employment proportion or secondary industry employment proportion is the most. There is a significant relationship between compactness and transport energy consumption; if there is no significant between the tertiary industry employment proportion and secondary industry employment proportion, there would be no significant relationship compactness and transport energy consumption. As city would make energy-saving plan, increasing urban compactness is useless. Different urban form urban area, population size, employment structure will influence spatial patterns. Urban spatial patterns affect the transportation patterns city, and result different energy consumption type. The same time, more compact, due to their inability to reduce private vehicle ownership, will lead more transportation energy consumption for congestion. For a real energy-saving city, planner should investigate urban form, and assess the suitability of compact city. Or follow the compact city plan, and then with the appropriate transportation planning to achieve a real energy-saving.
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Pai-HsuanLin and 林百軒. "The study of urban compactness based on multi-scale aspect." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10107345107190830494.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
101
The central concept of compact city is about connecting different land use to form a multi-core corridor of living functions by efficient public transportation networks; in other words, land use is the basis of urban spatial structure of compact city. Therefore, the issues that might exist in land use activities must be considered while studying compact spatial structure. To land use activities, Land-use patterns are multi-scales as the distribution of land use activities in space is hierarchical. Ignoring this cluster patterns between different scales of land use will reduce the capabilities of description for urban spatial structure. The article takes Taichung City as study area and the land-use plots are used as analytic units. Attempting to explore geographic phenomena of land use patterns by geographical spatial data mining based on disaggregated unit of land parcel, the author applies cluster analysis and GAM point spatial pattern analysis in this research. Then the author improves the measurement using the technology of GIS spatial analysis to provide more specific insights about how city is being compacted, and thus the indices of compactness can be re-designed. And the final outcome of empirical study is visualized via GIS software to represent the spatial structure of compactness. The results indicate that different hierarchy of land use will affect the distribution of compactness core in space. We find out that the main compact center in global scale is located in West-Central District and North District, and in local scale there is no specific core in study area. And by a further analysis of the characteristics of compactness, we find out that there is a main pattern in the development of Taichung City, that is, the downtown city is expanding from old areas to new towns.
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Hung, Tzu-Yu, and 洪慈佑. "A System Dynamic Relationship between Mass Rapid Transit Development and Urban Compactness." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10766921242758500868.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
94
Most of past urban development studies mentioned the transportation system served habitants’ live and needs revealed playing the key role in city. A City in large scale usually provides stable, reliable and efficient transportation service to ensure this area keeping healthy and sustainable develops. This study builds the system dynamic model to simulate the interaction between mass rapid transit system (MRT) and urban development, to probe into their sustainability. After searching and collecting references of urban compactness, this study tried to categorize indicators into “High”, “Density”, “Efficiency”, and “Flexibility”, then referring past studies about the logic of building urban activities system. There is so many studies focus on the relationship between MRT and types of cities, such as land use influenced by the service scope and routes of MRT. But they often point at changes in one station area, around-area of special MRT route or single land-use variance. This study based on the social-economic datum after Taipei MRT had began serving, and dynamic factor had simulated between MRT operation and financial affairs which were structured by model, confer the sustainable MRT pattern and observe land-use changes. Then this study transfers the model to use Kaohsiung datum, forecasts Kaohsiung city and MRT. However, for assisting in distinguish between alongside and away the MRT route, displaying networks of MRT effect in metropolis, this study use GIS to show statistic datum along the mass transit line in Taipei. Through the simulation process and spatial statistic result, Taipei city and Kaohsiung city can’t display changes on land-use easily in short term after MRT working, but they all have trend of decreasing urban population density. MRT is helpful to promote urban habitants’ convenience and accessibility, attract mass trips and economic benefits nearby stations; yet follow-up route constructions are the key point of development. Because two cities have different industry composition and development period, there is small region and less probable riders in Kaohsiung. Although Kaohsiung MRT is not expected to get into debt chronically，but huge investment will hard to retrieve. Therefore, when planning or extend MRT route, we have to try achieving the “Synergy” of transportation system.
Books on the topic "Urban Compactness"
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Pratt, R. C. J. Urban compactness, social labour and planning. Birmingham: Faculty of the Built Environment, University of Central England in Birmingham, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urban Compactness"
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Abdullahi, Saleh, and Biswajeet Pradhan. "Urban Compactness Assessment." In Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Urban Form, 93–137. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54217-1_5.
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Marshall, Stephen, Yi Gong, and Nick Green. "Urban Compactness: New Geometric Interpretations and Indicators." In The Mathematics of Urban Morphology, 431–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12381-9_19.
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Abdullahi, Saleh, Biswajeet Pradhan, and Hossein Mojaddadi. "Assessing the Relationship Between City Compactness and Residential Land Use Growth." In Spatial Modeling and Assessment of Urban Form, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54217-1_6.
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Min, Chen, Liu Suxia, and Yao Liang. "Calculation and Analysis of Urban Compactness Using an Integrated ARCGIS Tool." In Future Computing, Communication, Control and Management, 531–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27326-1_68.
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"Urban Compactness." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 6828. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_104349.
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Richardson, Harry W., and Chang-Hee Christine BAE. "Transportation and Urban Compactness." In Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems, 255–67. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/9781615832538-015.
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Levine, Jonathan, Joe Grengs, and Louis A. Merlin. "Accessibility and Urban Form." In From Mobility to Accessibility, 71–85. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501716072.003.0005.
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This chapter assesses the relationship between urban form and accessibility by comparing accessibility across metropolitan regions in the United States. A prevalent view among urban planning researchers is that low-density, auto-oriented metropolitan regions are also low-accessibility areas. This view, if supported, would have important implications for policy reform. For metropolitan areas in the U.S. overall, there is a positive relationship between density and auto accessibility. This suggests that land-use policy can be highly relevant to accessibility outcomes. In particular, allowing metropolitan compactness by easing land-use regulations mandating low development densities can improve the effectiveness of the roadway transportation system as defined in accessibility terms. Yet the success of the strategy remains a matter for empirical accessibility evaluation. The relationship between metropolitan density and work accessibility via automobile, while positive, is hardly ironclad, and some low-density regions do offer high auto accessibility. And transportation success overall should not just consider the automobile but should consider accessibility via all travel modes, including walking, cycling, public transport, and cars.
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"Can Urban Management Deliver the Sustainable City? Guided Densification in Brazil versus Informal Compactness in Egypt." In Compact Cities, 139–52. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203478622-16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urban Compactness"
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Huang, Yongbin, and Suocheng Dong. "Spatial analysis of urban compactness in China." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2014.6950792.
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Jiménez Romera, Carlos, Agustín Hernández Aja, and Mariano Vázquez Espí. "Urban compactness and growth patterns in Spanish intermediate cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6060.
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Contemporary processes of urbanization have outpaced the traditional notion of city. Connectivity has become a distinctive characteristic of urban spaces, so that networked cities don’t rely anymore on continuous urbanized areas, but on connections that rarely leave a direct spatial footprint. The new spatial structure of urban areas include greater inter-penetration of built-up and open spaces, and the emergence of urban enclaves, which can be spatially isolated despite being functionally connected to a city. In order to study these enclaves and their impact on urban form, a sample of 47 Spanish functional urban areas was examined, ranging from 36,000 to 6.0 million inhabitants. Land use polygons provided by SIOSE were grouped into three main categories (residential, non-residential and urban infrastructure) and cross-matched with functional urban areas defined by AUDES (an iterative method than combines morphological and functional criteria) in order to calculate compactness proximity index, gross and net density. Factors that influence urban compactness were identified: most northern and some coastal urban areas display a low compactness which can be attributed to orographic conditions; bigger cities tend to display high compactness, but smaller ones display a great diversity of values, from the highest to the lowest. A further analysis of small and intermediate cities helped to identify two complementary mechanisms of urban growth, spatial expansion of core areas and functional integration of peripheral nuclei, whose ocurrence in different proportions can explain the variation of compactness in the studied sample. References Angel, S.; Parent, J.; Civco, D. L. (2012) ‘The fragmentation of urban landscapes: global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000’, Environment and Urbanization, 24 (1), 249-283. Ascher, F. (1995) Métapolis ou l'avenir des villes. (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob.) Dupuy, G. (1991) L'urbanisme des réseaux, théories et méthodes. (Paris: Armand Colin.) Harvey, D. (1996) ‘Cities or urbanization?’, City 1 (2): 38-61. IGN (2007) SIOSE, Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo (http://www.siose.es/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017. Ruiz, F. (2011) AUDES, Áreas Urbanas de España (http://alarcos.esi.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017.
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Wang, Rui. "Modeling for the Compactness of Urban Spatial Form." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Materials Science, Machinery and Energy Engineering (MSMEE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msmee-17.2017.176.
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Yuan, Qing, and Ran Guo. "Impact of Urban Compactness on Carbon Emission Efficiency in Small Towns in China." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/atxj1734.
Full textAbstract:
Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.
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Tufek-Memisevic, Tijana, and Zina Ruzdic. "Mitigating post-oil sustainability challenges in a topographically framed transit-oriented city." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ioxj4775.
Full textAbstract:
Maintaining a balance between economic development and carbon emissions reduction is an important part of low-carbon development in modern cities. At present, the positive effect of urban compactness on carbon emission efficiency has been demonstrated in large cities, but few studies have been carried out on small towns. Small towns are an important part of China’s urban system, accounting for 70% of the total population and 60% of the national GDP. Most small towns in China still promote economic growth and enhance the social welfare of residents by large-scale urban construction, which inevitably leads to urban expansion and high carbon emissions. How to reduce carbon emissions by optimising urban form while continuing with economic development and maintaining people’s welfare has become an important issue faced by small towns in China. To guide the low-carbon planning of small towns, it is necessary to understand the relationship between urban compactness and the economic benefit and socialwelfare levels associated with the carbon emissions in small towns. This study quantitatively analyse the relationship between urban compactness and carbon emission efficiency (including CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency) in small towns in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2008 to 2017. This study resulted in four main findings. (i) the expansion of urban scale had significantly improved the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency; (ii) the compactness presented opposite effects on the CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency, compactness had a negative correlation with CO2 economic efficiency, and had a positive correlation with CO2 social efficiency; (ii) The CO2 economic efficiency and CO2 social efficiency both show an upward trend over the period 2008 to 2017; (iv) The relationship between GDP and carbon emissions in small towns did not reach an ideal state, the economies of small towns in China are still strongly dependent on scale expansion.
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Shirowzhan, Sara, and Samsung Lim. "Three Dimensional Spatial Metrics for Compactness Assessment of Urban Forms." In 31st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2014/0119.
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Kasanko, Marjo, Valentina Sagris, and Carlo Lavalle. "Analysing the compactness of urban areas by using indicators derived from data acquired by remote sensing." In 2007 Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urs.2007.371839.
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Aly, S. S., and Y. A. Attwa. "Infill development as an approach for promoting compactness of urban form." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp130381.
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Colomer Alcácer, Juan, Ana Portalés Mañanós, and David Urios Mondéjar. "Urban green structure in El Ensanche of Valencia city." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6971.
Full textAbstract:
The Valencian urban green structure, constitutes the main field of the present paper. Its form, size and distribution over the urban grid, could be easily comparable to other European cities, that grown highly on the XIX and XX Century behind a medieval wall. In a first stage, in 1884 with the “Primer Ensanche” by Calvo, Ferreres and Arnau, Valencia gets through a process of fine urban sewing, matching both urban structures, medieval one with the new square blocks, based on the Paris of the Haussmann, example that really helped to integrate such a different urban behavior. Thus, small green spaces appear rarely around those new neighborhoods and districts, usually on the lost urban spaces where the building blocks were more difficult to be built. When the second stage of the Valencian urban sprawl comes through, with the “El Segundo Ensanche de Valencia” (1924, Francisco Mora) the main structure was the square blocks with inner patios with its typical cross chamfer. As a result, Valencia sprawl achieves their principal urban troubles, such as overcrowding, sanitation and restructuring. Moreover, it made those goals using the most efficient and sustainable urban model because of its compactness. However, urban changes forgive one of the most demanded spaces by its citizens nowadays, the green structure, car and its roadway where first over the green spaces. This paper analyzes how green spaces are inside the square blocks greed in Valencia “El Ensanche”, and tries to include some alternatives to improve its lack of green infrastructure.Keywords Valencia, El Ensanche, Green structure, urban compactness
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Zhang, Jinqu, Xiaoshan Fu, Xingfang Wang, and Shenghua Hu. "A software tool for calculating the urban compactness from remote sensing classification image." In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Classification of Remote Sensing Images, edited by Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, and Xinchang Zhang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813208.
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