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Carnegie, F. L. "Language theory and urban design." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323128.
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Harland, Robert George. "Graphic design as urban design : towards a theory for analysing graphic objects in urban environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12350/.
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This thesis presents a model for analysing the graphic object as urban object, by considering atypical fields of discourse that contribute to the formation of the object domain. The question: what is graphic design as urban design? directs the research through an epistemological design study comprising: an interrogation of graphic design studio practice and the articulation of graphic design research questions; a review and subsequent development of research strategy, design and method towards the articulation of methodology that reflects the nature of the inquiry; a detailed analysis of five different ways to study and research graphic design as urban design, in geography, language, visual communication, art and design, and urban design. The outcome of the investigation is a model that enables future research in the urban environment to benefit from micro-meso-macrographic analysis. The model endeavours to provide a way to evaluate, design and enhance ‘public places and urban spaces’ by considering different scales of symbolic thought and deed. This has been achieved by acknowledging the relationship between the relatively miniscule detail of graphic symbolism, the point at which this becomes visible through increased scale, and the instances when it dominates the urban realm. Examples are considered that show differences between, for example, the size and spacing of letter shapes on a pedestrian sign, compared to the ‘visual’ impact of an iconic building in the cityscape. In between is a myriad of graphic elements that are experienced and designed by many different professional disciplines and occupations. These are evidenced and explained. Throughout the study an indiscriminating literature review is interwoven with the text, accompanied by tabular information, and visual data in the form of photographs and diagrams. This is mainly research-driven data utilising photographs from fieldwork in Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Italy, Portugal, South Korea, United Kingdom, and United States of America. The methodology integrates a transdisciplinary adaptive theory approach derived from sociological research, with graphic method (utilising a wider scope of visual data usually associated with graph theory). The following images provide sixteen examples of artefacts representing the graphic object as urban object phenomenon.
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Cunningham, Kevin L. "Resilience theory: a framework for engaging urban design." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15776.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning
Blake Belanger
Landscape architects are challenged with finding appropriate solutions to adequately address the dynamic nature of urban environments. In the 1970's C.S. Holling began to develop resilience theory, which is intended to provide a holistic understanding of the way socio-ecological systems change and interact across scales. Resilience theory addresses the challenges and complexities of contemporary urban environments and can serve as a theoretical basis for engaging urban design practice. To test the validity of resilience theory as a theoretical basis for urban design, this thesis is an exploration of the addition of resilience theory to current landscape architecture literature and theory through a three-part methodology: a literature review that spans a breadth of research, case study analyses, and an application of resilience theory through a design framework in two projective design experiments. The resilience framework bridges between complex theory and design goals/strategies in a holistic approach. Through the identification of key connections in the reviewed literature that situate the relevance of resilience theory to landscape architecture and the subsequent case study analysis, specific methods for applying resilience theory to urban design practice are defined within the proposed framework. These methods fit within five main categories: identify and respond to thresholds, promote diversity, develop redundancies, create multi-scale networks and connectivity, and implement adaptive planning/management/design practices. The framework is validated by the success of the projective design application in the winning 2013 ULI/Hines Urban Design Competition entry, The Armory. Resilience theory and the proposed design framework have the potential to continue to advance the prominence of landscape architecture as the primary leader in urban design practice.
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Moosmayer, Vera. "Climate-sensitive urban design : the theory-application problem in the context of Australian urban design practice /." Title page, summary and contents only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09UDM/09udmm825.pdf.
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Vergara, Perucich J. F. "Towards a theory of urban design under neoliberalism : the urban revolution as methodology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047184/.
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This thesis critically discusses the current status of urban design as a disciplinary field and as practice. It maintains that urban design has been wholly reshaped by neoliberalism. It has become a discipline that has neglected its original ethos – designing good cities – in order to align its theory and practice with the objectives of neoliberalism. In investigating the neoliberalisation of urban design, this thesis puts forward an object of study: urban-design-under-neoliberalism. This object situates the conceptual analysis, and illustrates the way neoliberalism compromised urban designers’ ethics, practices and theories, becoming instrumental to the neoliberal transformation of urban society represented in contemporary urbanisms. Methodologically, the thesis is inspired by the critical reflections of Henri Lefebvre in The Urban Revolution. This book puts forth an essential critique of urban studies, challenging the methods and ethos of practitioners and researchers, and calls for a non-capitalist practice for developing the city. The thesis employs three methodological strategies to critically unpack urban-design-under-neoliberalism. These strategies are transductive reasoning, levels and dimensions of analysis, and spatial dialectics. These strategies are complementary and provide an analytical framework to understanding how neoliberalism subsumed urban design using economic, political, social and spatial strategies. Urban-design-under-neoliberalism represents an approach to the production of spaces in which revenues and profits are the main criteria used to decide the form of the space. Therefore, this thesis embraces the far-reaching methodological framework developed in The Urban Revolution, and contributes to the development of critical theoretical reflections in order to disentangle how the disciplinary field of urban design has become an instrument for accomplishing capitalist goals in relation to extracting value from urbanisation processes. This framework addresses the contradictory relationship between the ethos of urban design and the neoliberalist practices such as entrepreneurialism, public-private partnerships, and the privatisation of social services. The thesis uses Santiago de Chile as the contextual spatial site to ground the research and analysis. Santiago’s urban form is investigated through three main approaches: (i) historical research of the relationship between urban practices and political-economic goals; (ii) recent urban strategies that illustrate the actual neoliberalisation of the city; and (iii) a discursive analysis of urban designers’ practices under a neoliberal regime, focusing on their ethical reflections. As a result, the thesis offers an assessment of the practice of urban design under neoliberalism. A set of theoretically informed reflections aim to the much-needed discussion on the ethical, practical and theoretical dimensions of urban design. It aims to unravel the contradictions and cracks in the virtual object of study – urban-design-under-neoliberalism. Ultimately the thesis seeks to contribute towards building a potential alternative theory of urban design under neoliberalism as an act of resistance and revolutionary strategy.
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Mukkamala, Beena R. "A new theory of urban design and responsive environments : a comparative study of two approaches to urban design." Kansas State University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36076.
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Jeong, Jinyong. "Essays in Matching Theory." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107959.
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Thesis advisor: Utku UnverMy doctoral research focuses on the matching theory and its market design application. Specifically, I work on matching with property rights, where property rights not only mean the ownership, but also refer to the ability to determine how the good is used. In the matching with property rights model, an agent who owns a resource can claim how her resource is offered, depending on what she gets from the system. For example, in a housing exchange for vacation, an agent who gets a house with a car will offer her house also with a car. However, if she is assigned only a house without a car, she might refuse to offer a car. This restriction can be thought as a matching with externality, as someone's consuming my resource in certain way affects my utility. With property rights present, it is not clear how we can achieve a desirable outcome while satisfying the rights. I am currently pursuing two main lines of research in this topic that constitute the two chapters dissertation. In Matching with Property Rights: an Application to a Parking Space Assignment Problem, I introduce parking in urban areas as a matching problem. First, I model the street-parking market as a strategic game and show that the set of Nash equilibrium outcomes is equivalent to the set of stable allocations. However, it is not reasonable to expect drivers to reach a Nash equilibrium in the decentralized system due to lack of information and coordination failure. Therefore, I suggest a centralized mechanism that would enable a parking authority to assign available spaces to drivers in a stable way. The model incorporates resident parking spaces, such that visitors could access vacant resident spaces. To use the resident parking spaces, the system needs to protect exclusive property rights over their parking spaces. I show that, however, there is no mechanism that is stable and protects residents' rights. To resolve this issue, I introduce a new concept, a claim contract, and suggest a mechanism that protects property rights, is strategy proof for the drivers, and approximates a stable matching. Besides its market-design focus, this paper handles both priority-based and property right-based assignment, which considered separately in the matching theory literature. In Housing Market with Contracts, I study matching with property rights problem in the housing market framework. To introduce property rights in housing market, I assume the house can be offered in two contractual terms. Property rights requires that when an agent gets a house in a certain term, her house should also be offered as the same term. Moreover, when every agent owns a house, property rights reduces to an equal-term matching. After defining efficiency and core in equal-term domain, I show that, in a housing market with contracts problem, core may be empty. However, there always exists an efficient, individually rational, and equal-term matching in every housing market with contracts problem. Then I present a mechanism that always produces an efficient, individually rational, and equal-term matching. This is the first attempt to model a matching with contract in a exchange economy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Tatsuya, Shibata. "Subjective response to depicted urban space." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362424.
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Since the beginning of Japan's post-war boom her major cities, notably Tokyo, have developed with remarkable speed but relatively little pre-planning and control. So the consequent economic benefits have been accompanied by a level of visual disorder. Public and governmental opinion has therefore recently begun seeking development-control guidelines for improving the visual quality of the urban scene. Some Japanese researchers, building partly on the work of their us colleagues, have responded by trying to identify the most aesthetically significant aspects of the urban visual landscape. This thesis contributes to this search a particularly quantitative approach. It begins with a review of urban-design aesthetic theory concentrating on more recent "psychometric" investigation. It then describes and discusses the main method of the thesis: representation of urban scenes through video stills, computergenerated images, or photographs and the exposure to these representation of groups of sample subjects, and statistical analysis of the subjects' questionnaires responses. Special attention is paid to the reliability with which the aesthetic qualities of a given urban configuration can be generalised from 2-d "perspective" views of it, and to the relationship in subject responses between physical elements like buildings and trees and abstract characteristics like "openness", "enclosure", "age", or "expectant space". These procedures are applied to questionnaires completed by Japanese subjects regarding representations of various Tokyo street scenes, and by largely British subjects regarding contrasting "old" and "new" landscapes in the Hampstead and Milton Keynes areas. Initial investigations suggest that the elements of predominant subjective significance include the proportion of visible sky, the abundance of foliage. This thesis ends by suggesting aesthetic guidelines drawn from these results, considering spatial elements and roles of foliage, and discussing aesthetic assessment for development-control purposes.
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Chen, Yun-Ju. "Urban design and the adaptation of marketplaces : towards a grounded theory." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579511.
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The adaptation of marketplaces is a phenomenon of urban change across the world. As many marketplaces are struggling to remain vital and viable in historic urban centres, an innovative approach to help such public spaces adapt to change is crucial to sustain them within a robust urban structure. This thesis argues that appropriate adjustments of the spatial elements through urban design towards rebuilding a robust urban structure may contribute to the successful adaptation
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Sulaiman, Sulaiman. "Urban design method : theory and practice : a case study in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12149/.
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This research sets out to investigate methods to design urban spaces in Malaysia by studying the approach adopted by architects. The primary concern is the design of exterior spaces with the assumption that the poor urban spaces found in Malaysian urban areas is due to the weaknesses in the design method adopted by designers. For this purpose, the research addressed these objectives:- (1) To identify the reasons why the design of urban spaces is neglected by architects that produce poor continuity in the design of urban spaces, (2) To examine the process adopted and the infonnation used by architects in the design of urban ensemble and (3) To investigate the ways in which the architects responded to the needs of the user and the public. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, discussions with experts, content analysis, author's experience in practice, recognisance, observation, survey and in-depth interview. The information gathered was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The weaknesses of the design process and limited use of important information were due to: (1) poor recognition of urban design, (2) limited time allocated, (3) economic pressure, (4) quick commissioning of the project and (5) professionalism. There was also insufficient public involvement in the design process due to poor public awareness, client's attitude, financial constraints, professionalism and the attitudes of the designer. As such design was mostly related to marketing strategy. The main theory adopted in the organisation of the exterior spaces is mostly related to circulation (line) and centres (dots). At the same time, the traditional urban spaces and fonns were influential element used in design. The recommendations that follow were geared towards improving the design methods adopted by architects in producing better design of urban spaces.
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Simko, Charles A. "Theoretical Architecture in Structures of Dense Urban Reform." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31292.
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This paper identifies a range of elements and principles useful for the development of an urban theoretical architecture. Acceptance of nature as a design element and in particular the use of nature to bound nodes of high density development are explored. The use of fractal geometry to distribute the urban footprint upon the landscape is introduced along with a tacit development of methodology making the application of fractal geometry useful. Building height restrictions are suggested as usefull to create urban walls and maintain views for tall buildings. It is proposed that the basic unit of urban design and development is a high intensity urban cell. Elements crucial to the life of urban cells are identified. The importance of architectural character in developing the identity of urban space is reinforced and explored.Master of Architecture
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Montague, Lucy Margaret. "Designing the urban : reflections on the role of theory in the individual design process." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22002.
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Acting within the context of multiple constraints (site, budget, brief, clients, users, public policy and regulation), the urban designer is required to respond to various and sometimes conflicting interests in “ ... the symbolic attempt to express urban meaning in certain urban forms.” (Castells, 1983). In this complex situation some design decisions are determined by the inherited context. However, when a decision cannot be determined this way the designer must make a judgement. These may be made arbitrarily, but it is more likely that the individual uses, for example, experience, education, episodic knowledge, currently accepted paradigms of the field, or theories in urban design to form the bases of judgements, and subscription to them may be explicit or implicit. The research question this thesis addresses is: ‘In which ways might theory be used in the individual design process of urban design?’ Its aim is to explore ways in which theories in urban design influence the process of urban design and the extent to which they may inform design decisions in addition to the other constraints which a designer must consider. The objectives are: to review literature about the relationship between theory and design; to examine the role of theory in the individual creative process of urban design; and to reflect on the process of design in order to conclude how it was informed by theory. A review of literature about the design process and urban design theory considers the current state of knowledge. This provides the context for the investigation. An appraisal of research by design methodologies identifies an approach based upon Donald Schön’s ‘The Reflective Practitioner’ (1983) as a suitable means to address the aims of this research: This is executed through the generation of an urban design and accompanying commentary which records the design activity, followed by an analysis of and reflection on the design and commentary offering insights into the use of theory within the process. Since the research did not require a specific location for the design, a number of alternatives were considered. Croydon (in Greater London) was selected as a place with sufficient scope for an urban design intervention due to the current proposals being pursued by the local authority and the opportunities for redevelopment. The design process is in three sequential parts: a socio-economic, cultural and physical site evaluation; a development framework which is primarily two-dimensional and textual; and a masterplan which is a predominantly three-dimensional, short to medium term spatial possibility for part of the framework area. The commentary that accompanies the design process details each step in the process to build an evidence base of design activity. This describes the actions undertaken and the reasons for those actions. Each entry is then analysed retrospectively according to four categories determined by the interests of the research aim: the type of design activity; the type of influence acting upon it; whether this influence is explicit or implicit; and, where theory appears to have been an influence, what type of theory. Reflection on the urban design, commentary and analysis appears to indicate that theory’s influence in the creative process of urban design is distinctive, although it is subservient to a variety of other influences. Apparently, the more conceptual and strategic the stage of design, the more extensive and explicit theory’s influence is. It appears that in a conscious manner, a theory’s principles can be employed directly or interpreted in a new scenario. Conversely, the more spatial and detailed the stage of design, the more tacit and fragmented theory’s involvement appears to be. It is often implicit, embedded within the guiding principles that the individual designer exercises when generating and evaluating ideas, evidenced in the thought processes and decisions that are made. While these findings are specific to an individual and the way that individual designs and evaluates the design process, they do confirm the use of theory in the urban design process and may act as indicators of trends in the relationship between theory and practice in urban design.
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Ragoschke, Adam S. "Social resilience: goals and objectives for engaging urban design." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17762.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Blake Belanger
As the world continues to grow and cities continue to change, landscapes architects are constantly challenged with identifying design solutions that address the endless change of urban environments. In 1973, C.S. Holling developed the term “resilience theory,” which identified how social and ecological systems communicate across different landscape scales (Holling, C.S. 1973). In 2013, Kansas State Graduate Kevin Cunningham tested the validity of Holling’s resilience theory as a theoretical basis for urban design. This report attempts to further test the validity of resilience theory as a theoretical basis for social systems within urban design. Methodology utilized includes literature review with specific attention to current social resilience frameworks and guidelines, case study analyses, and an application of the author’s social resilience goals and strategies through a projective design of Washington Square Park, Kansas City, Missouri. Social resilience goals and strategies were developed to respond to social objectives identified within Washington Square Park RFQ/P, GDAP, Main Street Streetcar, Making Grand “Grand” and KCDC’s plan for the park. Objectives were derived based upon their relationship to resilience theory. The created social resilient goals, objectives and strategies will be specific for the revitalization of Washington Square Park. However, the process of identified social resilience goals, objectives and strategies can be utilized as a tool for designs of other urban, civic spaces. The process of identifying social resilience goals, objectives and strategies utilized within this report has the potential to continually promote landscape architects as the primary leaders in urban design practice.
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Ziakouli, Marina, and Erika Fagerberg. "RIN♀EBY - Exploring feminist design tools." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193140.
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This project aims on exploring ways to redefine the relationship of gender and space through urban design. Gender inequalities expressed in spatial manners have been theorized by feminist geography, an approach to human geography. Having a good understanding of this theoretical context will provide the tools to tackle distantiation, spatial separation, constraint and the limited spatial opportunities women experience in public places. Using Rinkeby square as the canvas for this exploration, the effort will be put on mapping the uses of the square through observation, quantitative research, as well as interviews with local organisations, shops and authorities close to the square. An inventory of the architectural features of the square will be made along with a site analysis focusing on the questions of effects on equality. Furthermore existing female networks and societies in the area will be contacted seeking possible collaborations for a later project work, workshops or events. Finally, as a result of the initial investigations, this project intends to explore how a physical intervention would affect these questions at Rinkeby square. It is the working hypothesis of this project that any project in order to be successful would need to be based on a deeper understanding of the challenges surrounding female presence on the square, and be tied into the already existing networks for women. This project therefore hopes to establish contact with existing female networks such as (D)Järva Kvinnor, Café Respekt and Tensta-Hjulsta Kvinnocenter, amongst others.
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Nicolai, Andrei. "Urban planning and design in the Canadian city : towards a working theory of townscape management." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427124.
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Gravenstein, Gretchen. "Resilience in urban civic spaces: guidelines for designing resilient social-ecological systems." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17642.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Blake Belanger
Resilience in social-ecological systems, defined by ecologist C.S. Holling (1973), is the persistence of systems after a disturbance. This theory of resilience is becoming increasingly important, especially in urban areas where human systems dominate. Therefore, creating resilient social-ecological systems is emerging as a focus for many landscape architects when designing urban landscapes. Researchers and practitioners have created frameworks and strategies for applying resilience theory, but designers are still lacking tangible methods they can use to implement design strategies to create resilient landscapes. This research presents a set of resilient design strategies, so landscape architects can have a tool to design generally resilient social-ecological systems in urban areas. In order to discover strategies which improve system resilience, I conducted a literature review and created a perceptual model of the social-ecological systems operating in the study site, Washington Square Park in Kansas City, Missouri. The perceptual model determined systems and system components I focused on in this research. These systems are soil, water, vegetation, fauna, and people. Strategies suggested by Jack Ahern (2011), Brian Walker and David Salt (2006), and Kevin Cunningham (2013) for creating resilience determined strategies which were applied to the system components in order to evaluate the park for resilience. The strategies suggested are modularity, redundancy, tight feedbacks, and ecosystem services. In addition, the system components and strategies were used to analyze case studies. I used strategies discovered in the case study analyses along with goals for the redesign of Washington Square Park, discovered by analyzing the site and previous park documents, to create the guidelines. I then used the guidelines to create a design proposal for the park. The current state of the system components in the park and the proposed state from the redesign were used to show the guidelines’ success in increasing the general resilience of Washington Square Park. These guidelines have potential to increase resilience in other urban civic spaces through a similar methodology I used for Washington Square Park. In addition, the guidelines have the potential to further research in applying resilience theory to the design of landscapes.
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Zewde, Sara. "Theory, place, and opportunity : black urbanism as a design strategy for the potential removal of the Claiborne Expressway in New Orleans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59769.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-123).
As WEB DuBois notes in his seminal work, The Souls of Black Folk, "it is a peculiar sensation, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of the world that looks on in amused contempt and pity [...]." The Black person wishes to merge the double-consciousness, but "would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He would not bleach his Negro soul in a flood of white Americanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message for the world. He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American...". And, hence, it is within this space, in the chasm created by double-consciousness, within which Black Urbanism aims to draw from. A Black Urbanism discourse assumes there is a latent genius in that space, untapped by contemporary design and planning literature and practice. My thesis aims to develop a theory of "Black Urbanism," and derive a set of employable design principles. Black communities contribute greatly to the liveliness and culture of cities, however, their contributions are seldom engaged meaningfully by planners/designers; the framework is intended to fold Black Urban principles into a larger understanding of how cities function and thrive and to develop a tool not only for analysis, but also for the active role of designing new spaces. In light of the search for a sustainable urbanism, the retrofitting of America's urban landscapes offers a major opportunity to apply this approach, as much of what is considered "wasted landscape" may be disproportionately located in communities of color. I explore the history of the federal interstate system, its disproportionate construction in Black neighborhoods, and the growing argument for the removal of elevated expressways in cities' urban core. In New Orleans, the Claiborne Expressway, a spur off of Interstate 10 planned by Robert Moses, runs through the heart of what is considered America's first Black neighborhood, and the neighborhood that birthed jazz. I explore the local manifestations of Black Urbanism on the street and describe the opportunities for a Black Urban design strategy to revive the sense of place and scale should the freeway be removed.
by Sara Zewde.
M.C.P.
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Kamel, H. M. H. "The application of perception theory in architecture and urban design : With particular reference to Liberation Square in Cairo." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383165.
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Hamidi, Fatemeh. "REVITALISING URBAN SPACE, AN ANT-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THREE REDESIGNED PUBLIC SPACES IN ROSENGÅRD." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23104.
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Public space functions are essential for society to function because they can support social exchanges and building public life. This master thesis is a study of public life that unfolds in the setting of three redesigned public spaces in Rosengård, including Bokalerna, Rosens Röda Matta, and Rosengård Centrum. Drawing on a conceptual toolbox developed from a territorial actor-network theory (ANT) I examine the socio-material exchanges that take place because of the redesigned materialities of space and explore their impact on the quality of the selected public places. I employ qualitative methods - visual ethnography and interviews - to address the questions of 1) how material topographies mediate social exchange and 2) What actors or events are important for assembling everyday sociality in the selected three public spaces.I made use of six operative concepts of anchors, base camps, multicore and monocore spaces, tickets and rides, ladders, and finally punctiform, linear and field seating to explore their impact on the quality of the selected public places in terms of affording or hindering social exchanges. My field observations of the three sites and interviews indicate that the Rosengård Centrum accommodate a more pronounced public life compared the other, and perhaps the most popular one in the district. The programmed materialities and multiple points of organised activities allow space to facilitate heterogeneous clusterings of humans and non-human entities and the formation of a diverse collective. Moreover, the organization of a mixture of monocore and multicore space in combination with sheltered anchor spots appears to be essential for assembling and stabilising human collectives and everyday sociality in Rosengård.My findings suggest that, while many of the discussions in the literature concentrate on centres of cities or large metropolitan areas, much could still be learned from a thorough study of public spaces at a finer scale and neighbourhood level.
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Sewell, Patrick Dale. "Centers all the way down: a study of centrality in the modern city." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43594.
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This thesis will empirically examine the distribution of centers of commercial activity in the modern city. Using measures of built space for different types of activity in Atlanta, we will map the distribution of activity in the city; then we will derive the system of centers distributed throughout the city. This system of centers will be sorted into scales, from global to local, so that the morphological properties of the street network associated with each scale may be analyzed using space syntax and other tools. We will then compare the distribution of centers in different portions of Atlanta, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, we will compate the emergent distribution of centers to distributions proposed by Doxiadis, Alexander, Central Place Theory, and others.
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Hazelrigg, George. "The Thickness of Landscape, horizontally and vertically considered." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35620.
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The McMillan sand filtration plant in Washington, D.C. is a significant industrial landscape that provided safe clean water to much of the capital during 1905-1985. At the outset, the McMillan Commission chose to make the plant and adjacent McMillan reservoir part of the park system it was mapping for Washington. Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. was appointed to landscape the tract, a task completed in 1920. Closed to the public since WWII, the site was abandoned when its operation ended. This thesis looks at its future by exploring the thickness of landscape and the site's discovered geometry. Peeling back its uniformly level 25-acre surface broken only twice by rows of concrete towers, its horizontal layers, vertical elements and strong grids are revealed, offering clues for new design strategies. Examples of how landscape geometries have been considered and works of landscape built elsewhere are reviewed. Recalling water's historically central role in the site, the latter's potential for demonstrating responsible stormwater management and other sustainable practices is emphasized. Local stakeholder interests and proven ingredients of successful urban parks are noted. A design process is outlined that exploits the earlier exploratory findings to reconcile the transition between old and new, deciding what to remove and what to add. Details are provided on the resulting new "memorial park" that both celebrates its history and responds to contemporary interests and needs of the 21st century urban landscape.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Ioannidis, Konstantinos. "Designing the Edge : An Inquiry into the Psychospatial Nature of Meaning in the Architecture of the Urban Waterfront." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kritiska studier i arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39031.
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The initial goal of this effort is to develop a discussion on urban design process and thinking that acknowledges the needs of places with meaning in the design of the urban waterfront. The thesis addresses the fact that the problematic of the coastal formulation is intricate, comprising not only aspects related to the spatial organization and design of its domain but also shared properties originated by the presence and movement of the perceiving subject in the area. In this framework, the research attempts to provide an understanding of the main relationships that the subject cultivates inside the coastal space and to offer a broader spatial reading of its narrative function. On the hypothesis that this function is susceptible of interpretation, the thesis develops an interest in examining the effects of the psychospatial nature of meaning on the design and experience of the urban edge, for to interpret a narrative spatial construct is to specify its meaning. To explore the issue of waterfront places that speak of the subject, the research conceives the coastal space as a field of mediated parameters that pertain to three crucial operational premises: the symbolic function of the urban space near the water, the meaning behind the coastal form, and the engagement of the perceiving subject in the conscious or reflexive appropriation of the waterfront setting. These premises, traced as psychophysiological spaces, determine the intermediary, the integrative, and the expressive discourses for the development of places with meaning near the water. Through them, the thesis attempts a reading of the coastal domain based upon the material interpretation of the meanings and messages associated with the immediate experience of the onset of water‐born notions, concepts, and images. Writing about the dialectics between the psychospatial inquiry and the spatial experience of the edge, this thesis suggests that, contrary to the established preconception, the psychology of human‐edge relations submits the perceiving subject to the conception of the coastal form and shape.QC 20110907
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Bergenfelz, Charlotte, and Fredrik Silverglimth. "Att designa bort det oönskade : Exkluderande design i Göteborg och Västsverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37658.
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Studiens syfte är att undersöka olika former av exkluderande design i offentliga och semi-offentliga rum, samt vilka konsekvenser en sådan design kan ha på olika samhällsgrupper. Studiens resultat är baserade på fokuserade observationer av den fysiska designen, främst i Göteborg, i triangulering med innehållsanalys av översikts- och detaljplaner. Studiens resultat visar att en mångfald av designmodeller användes i de observerade offentliga och semi-offentliga rummen, varav en del av dessa designer kan ses som exkluderande. Majoriteten av observerade sittplatser finns hos privata aktörer som caféer och uteserveringar, vilket signalerar ett behov av att vara konsument för att få ta del av dessa semi-offentliga platser. Semi-offentliga platser som var stängda nattetid samt hinder mot skateboardåkning var andra observerade designer som riktar in sig på särskilda samhällsgrupper eller beteenden. Fyra grupper anses vara speciellt påverkade av exkluderande design: hemlösa, funktionsnedsatta, resurssvaga, samt skateboardåkare. I kontrast till tidigare forskning anser vi att flera av de observerade designerna kan anses vara inkluderande istället för att enbart ses som exkluderande.The aim of this study is to explore different forms of unpleasant design in public and semi-public spaces and what potential consequences such design may have on different social groups. The results are based on focused observations of the physical designs themselves, primarily in Gothenburg, Sweden, in triangulation with text analysis of official documentations of land use and zoning plans. The findings indicate that a variety of designs were used throughout the observed public and semi-public spaces, some of which can be seen as unpleasant. Most of the observed seating options were located within privatised businesses, signalling the need to be a consumer to use these semi-public spaces. Semi-public spaces that are inaccessible during the night as well as anti-skate obstacles were other observed designs that targeted a certain group or behaviour. Four social groups were found to be more of a target or sufferer of the designs: the homeless, people with disabilities, the destitute, and skateboarders. In contradiction to previous research a substantial amount of the observed designs can be perceived as inclusive rather than only exclusionary.
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Bulger, Morgan Alexandra. "Toward a Theory of Social Inclusion: The design and practice of social inclusion in mixed-income communities." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1531151650737104.
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Brahams, Caryn M. "Inspire. Empower. Live.: A design solution for the deaf and hearing-impaired." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/264.
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Being "deaf" is defined as the inability to hear, but it can also be defined as a culture centered around sensibilities and shared life experiences. This endeavor seeks to integrate the hearing-impaired and hearing communities through the application of "Deaf Space" and other design theories. The result is an inspiring, empowering, and lively solution.
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Habib, Jamshid. "An overview of some key researchers and topics in environment-behavior studies and some implications for architectural and environmental design." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3946.
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Murphy, Robert L. "Saving our Sons: The Impact of a Single Gender Public School on the Social, Emotional, and Academic Progress of Young African American Males From Low Socioeconomic Urban Neighborhoods." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1363874197.
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Maia, Marcelo Reis. "Cidade instantânea (IC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-03072013-162823/.
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Sugere-se a hipótese de uma Cidade Instantânea identificada no cotidiano em situações condicionadas por tecnologias de comunicação e informação, e especialmente a computação ubíqua, também conhecida como computação pervasiva ou computação ambiente. A investigação aponta para o entendimento de uma Cidade Instantânea que emerge em coletivos sem escala, sem localização e com fronteiras e limites extremamente frágeis, fluidos e temporários. A Cidade Instantânea se infiltra em todas as formas de cidades existentes sem anulá-las; substituí-las. A Cidade Instantânea não tem um objetivo traçado, ela é pura subjetividade que ganha força e presença nas multidões de indivíduos conectados.We suggest the hypothesis of an Instant City identified in everyday situations conditioned by information and communication technologies, especially the ubiquitous computing, also known as pervasive computing or ambient computing. The research points to the understanding of an Instant City that emerges in collectives without a precise scale or location, with extremely fragile, fluid and temporary boundaries and limits. The Instant City joins and infiltrate in all forms of existing cities without dismiss them; replace them. The Instant City is pure subjectivity that gains strength and presence in the crowds of connected individuals.
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Zetterberg, Andreas. "Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10011.
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Ferreira, J. M. Simões. "Arquitectura, desenho urbano e tratadística-de Aldo Rossi a Vitrúvio, ou o "Breviário Mediterrânico" da Teoria de Arquitectura e do Desenho Urbano." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29302.
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Nilsson, Karin. "Blindheten inom svensk stadsplanering : Hur staden kan studeras med hjälp av kunskap och upplevelser från personer med blindhet." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18376.
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Stadsplanering och arkitektur har traditionellt sett prioriterat visuella värden i staden över andra sinnliga upplevelser. Synen dominans tillsammans med normen able-bodiedness ”den friska kroppen” inom yrkesgruppen gör att personer med blindhets erfarenheter och upplevelser blir exkluderade från samtalet om stadens utformning. Det bidrar också till en exkludering i staden genom att den bebyggda miljön i många fall inte är utformad efter deras behov. Personer med blindhets behov hanteras istället som tillgänglighetsåtgärder i ett senare skede och på så sätt framställs som något som skiljer från ”normalt” yrkesutövande. Denna studie studerar problematiken från en annan synvinkel. Här undersöks hur kunskap från personer med grav synnedsättning som inte huvudsakligen använder synen för orientering eller upplevelser av staden kan komma till nytta för stadsutvecklingen i stort. Syftet är att undersöka möjligheten att ta fram metoder som kan hjälpa till att synliggöra sinnliga upplevelser i staden. Människor har olika kroppsliga förmågor som påverkar hur vi använder våra sinnen och därför kan städer med olika sinnliga upplevelser bli mer anpassade för fler. Metoderna kan bidra till en mer inkluderande stad men även en mer variationsrik upplevelse, för alla oavsett funktionsförmåga, detta med större valfrihet och fler alternativ. Studien är både utforskande och ifrågasättande av subjektiviteterna ability och disability. Slutsatsen ger inte något konkret svar/lösning utan undersökning syftar till att synliggöra problem inom stadsplanering för att sedan vända dessa till möjligheter. Studien bidrar med metoder som kan hjälpa stadsplaneringen att reflektera över sinnliga upplevelser i staden och på så vis arbeta mot en mer inkluderande stad. Bidrar även med ett öppnare samtal om staden och utmanar normen om vilka som får vara med i utformningen av staden. Det finns ett behov av vidare forskning för att kunna använda kunskapen på en mer strategisk nivå, och en stadsplaneringen som vågar ta sig an de nya kunskaperna.
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Al, maghraoui Ouail. "Modéliser l'expérience voyageur pour concevoir la mobilité urbaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC006/document.
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Cette thèse aborde le défi de la conception des systèmes de mobilité urbaine. Elle vise à développer un modèle d’expérience-voyageur pour faciliter, dans une démarche de conception, le diagnostic des problèmes de voyage et améliorer la pertinence des modèles de transport pour les voyageurs. En combinant les points de vue de la conception de l’expérience-utilisateur et du transport, elle contribue à approfondir la compréhension de comment les voyageurs vivent leur voyage et particulièrement des problèmes qu’ils rencontrent. Le premier axe d’investigation est lié à la modélisation de l’expérience-voyageur pour alimenter un diagnostic pertinent et riche des problèmes de voyage. Dans un deuxième axe, les voyageurs sont impliqués, par une démarche de théorie ancrée, pour identifier les problèmes qu’ils rencontrent lors de l’utilisation de systèmes de mobilité urbaine au moyen de stimuli appropriés.Un troisième axe introduit des attributs subjectifs de voyage dans des modèles de transport afin d’améliorer leur précisionCette recherche utilise la recherche-action comme méthodologie. Elle combine revue de littérature dans les disciplines de conception et de transport, quatre observations terrain, quinze interviews en profondeurs aves des voyageurs et experts en transport, cinq ateliers de problématisation, et deux expérimentations, dans une amélioration cyclique des résultats. Les différentes utilisations du modèle ont permis un diagnostic approfondi de trois systèmes de mobilité urbaine (train de banlieue, bus à la demande, navette sur voie dédiée) et la mise au point d'attributs centrés sur le voyageur pour un modèle d’optimisation et une simulation multi-agents qui ont été testé par une enquête de plus de 450 participantsThis thesis addresses the challenge of designing urban mobility systems. It aims at developing a traveler experience model to help diagnose travel problems in a design approach and improve the relevance of transportation models for travelers. By combining the views of user-experience design and transportation, it helps to deepen the understanding of how travelers experience their journey and especially the problems they face. The first axis of investigation is related to the modeling of the traveler experience to feed a relevant and rich diagnosis of travel problems. In the second axis, travelers are involved, through a grounded theory approach, to identify the problems they encounter when using urban mobility systems, using appropriate stimuli.The third axis introduces travel subjective attributes into transport models to improve their accuracy.This research used action research as a methodology. It combines literature review in design and transportation disciplines, four field observations, fifteen in-depth interviews with transport travelers and experts, five problem-solving workshops, and two experiments, in a cyclical improvement of results. The various uses of the model have led to an in-depth diagnosis of three urban mobility systems (suburban train, on-demand bus, dedicated shuttle) and the development of traveler-centric attributes for an optimization model and a multi-agent simulation that was tested by a survey of over 450 participants
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Waldon, Tracy Charles. "Urban Producer Theory." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590578.
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Urban producer theory introduces a production function which incorporates congestion in production with inputs possessing a quality component that influences productivity. These features yield cost-minimizing behavior in which firms respond to higher space rent by increasing the quality of the inputs used in production. This behavior generates demand-side sorting of high quality inputs into high rent areas. The prediction of sorting based on input quality is tested on attorneys employed in the Cleveland CBSA. Evidence of the sorting into high rent areas of attorneys based upon the national ranking of the law school attended is found. A 1% increase in rent leads to a 1.26% to 2.89% increase in the number of the highest quality attorneys employed in high rent districts. Ability sorting poses a significant risk in biasing the measurement of agglomeration economies based on wages.
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Greer, Tammy R. "Cooperative Growth: The Political Economy Impacts on the Recipient Communities in Metropolitan Atlanta, GA." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2017. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/89.
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The purpose of the research was to conduct a study of the impact of gentrification on the Metropolitan Atlanta area. This research focused on the policies that influenced or affected recipient communities because of gentrification. These changes are attributed to residents relocating from various sections of a transitioned community to another community. Available research, however, does not fully address the new challenges recipient communities face because of a boost in its population. Current research does not fully address the pressure on recipient communities’ resources due to (possible) lack of housing, schools, transportation, and social services because of an influx of citizens; nor does the current research fully address an overall strategy to sustainable community and economic development for recipient communities.
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Wu, Yucheng. "The role of urban design in urban development : Taiwan's urban design in comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366776.
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Andrade, Leandro Marino Vieira. "Construção e abertura : diálogos Christopher Alexander - Jean Piaget." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36808.
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Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget examina a construção do conhecimento, no campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, através da articulação das abordagens dos dois autores destacados no título da tese, na perspectiva de esboçar elementos para uma teoria e uma pedagogia do processo de projeto. Neste sentido, o trabalho organiza-se em duas partes: Aberturas – contexto teórico Para compreender os processos cognitivos envolvidos na concepção do projeto arquitetural no âmbito do ateliê pedagógico, a investigação busca estabelecer um diálogo teórico que encontra pontos de contato entre a tradição da Epistemologia Genética iniciada por Jean Piaget, e o pensamento do arquiteto austro-americano Christopher Alexander. Desde o construtivismo piagetiano, interessa, em especial, a noção dos possíveis, passando pelas formulações referentes à percepção e representação espacial, pelos processos de tomada de consciência no percurso entre o fazer e o compreender, e pelos fundamentos de uma lógica de significações. Desde a abordagem de Alexander, tomam-se, em especial, as noções de linguagem de padrões e de totalidades crescentes para explicar as relações entre os sujeitos do processo projetual e o ambiente construído, na emergência de uma ordem espacial coerente através de contínuos ajustes entre forma e contexto. O espaço de encontro entre os dois pensadores se explicita através de uma abordagem epistemológica apoiada no conceito de sistema, e no princípio cibernético de equilibração. No caso de Piaget, isto implica estados majorantes de assimilação na interação entre sujeito e objeto de conhecimento; na abordagem de Alexander, isso se revela através da analogia entre sistemas ambientais construídos pelo homem e organismos vivos, que pode ser descrita na forma de um conjunto de princípios projetuais bem definidos. Construções – contexto pedagógico No plano pedagógico, foi elaborado um experimento, oferecido a estudantes de graduação e, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, procedentes de diferentes etapas do curso, objetivando: i) a reflexão em torno do quadro teórico apresentado, ii) a exploração de tecnologias de simulação gráfica; iii) o agenciamento de meios de trabalho cooperativo, presencial e à distância, e; iv) o desenvolvimento de exercícios de projeto apoiados nas reflexões derivadas de (i), (ii) e (iii), no sentido de promover desequilíbrios cognitivos, sugerindo percursos de trabalho diferentes daqueles com os quais os estudantes estão familiarizados. O experimento estrutura-se em três exercícios, correspondentes, grosso modo, às etapas de concepção, desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de um projeto arquitetônico ou urbanístico. Casa tomada, baseado no conto homônimo do argentino Julio Cortázar, aborda a pedagogia da metáfora, propondo uma transcrição da narrativa ficcional para o espaço arquitetônico, reconstituindo topologicamente a trama urdida pelo escritor. Cidade das palavras reflete o âmbito denominado pedagogia do linguajar, e propõe o desenvolvimento de narrativas "genéticas" construídas através do trabalho cooperativo, em escalas de organização de crescente complexidade. Desenho e canteiro especula sobre uma pedagogia da precisão, inspirando-se na reflexão do arquiteto brasileiro Sérgio Ferro sobre os processos de produção da arquitetura, sendo os estudantes desafiados a simular, com ferramentas digitais, elementos construtivos tomados dos exercícios iniciais, promovendo reequilibrações no processo de aprendizagem. As “pedagogias” da metáfora, do linguajar e da precisão, integradas na reflexão sobre o fazer e o compreender, buscam constituir uma "ecologia" que enlaça sujeitos, conceitos e tecnologias. O trabalho conclui com um conjunto de crônicas que examinam diferentes aspectos do percurso realizado.Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget (Construction and overture: dialogues Alexander-Piaget) examines the construction of knowledge in the field of Architecture and Planning, through the combination of the approaches of two prominent authors detached in the title of the thesis, aiming outlines elements for a theory and a pedagogy of the design process. In this sense, the work is organized into two parts: Overtures – theoretical context To realize cognitive processes involved in the architectural design within the pedagogic studio, the research seeks to establish a theoretical dialogue that finds points of contact between the tradition by Genetic Epistemology started by Jean Piaget, and the theories of Austro-American architect Christopher Alexander. Since Piaget's constructivism, interests, in particular, the notion of the possibles, through the formulation on the perception and spatial representation, through the processes of awareness on the route between to do and to understand, and the foundations for a logic of meanings. Since the approach of Alexander, detaching, especially, the notions of Pattern Language and the growing wholes, to explain relations between subjects of the design process and the built environment, in the emergence of a coherent ordered space through continuous fitness between form and context. The space of encounter between the two thinkers is explained through an epistemological approach based on the concept of system, and the cybernetic principle of balance. In the case of Piaget, this implies upper bounds states of assimilation in the interaction between subject and object of knowledge; from the approach of Alexander, it is revealed through the analogy between manmade environmental systems and living organisms, which can be described as a well defined set of design principles. Constructions – pedagogic context In terms of pedagogy, an experiment was designed, and offered to undergraduate students of Architecture and Planning from different stages of the course, aiming to: i) discussions around the theoretical context, ii) the exploration of technologies for graphic simulation; iii) the arrangement of means of cooperative work, in classroom and in distance learning environment, and iv) the development of design exercises supported the reflections derived from (i), (ii) and (iii) to promote cognitive imbalances, suggesting work journeys than those with which students are familiar. The experiment is a set of three exercices, corresponding roughly to the stages of conceiving, developing and refining an architectural or urban design. Casa Tomada (House taken over) based on the tale by the Argentinian Julio Cortázar, addresses the pedagogy of metaphor, proposing a transcript of fictional narrative to the architectural space, topologically reconstructing the plot hatched by the writer. Cidade das palavras (City of words) reflects the scope of pedagogy named speech and proposes the development of "genetic" narratives constructed through the cooperative work on scales of organization of increasing complexity. Desenho e canteiro (Design and construction site) speculates about a pedagogy of precision, drawing on the reflection of Brazilian architect Sergio Ferro on the production processes of architecture, and students are challenged to simulate, with digital tools, building elements taken from the initial exercises in promoting a feedback for learning process. The "pedagogies" of metaphor, speech and precision, integrated into thinking about doing and understanding, seek to constitute an "ecology" that links subjects, concepts and technologies. The thesis concludes with a set of chronicles that examines different aspects of the journey undertaken.
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Hansson, Sanna, and Sonja Lundeberg. "Skolgårdens plats i den föränderliga staden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45248.
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I stadens förändringsprocess, ständigt präglad av nya ideal, ska många intressen förenas och beaktas vid utformningen av skolgårdar. Med utgångspunkt i naturens betydelse för barns hälsa och utveckling undersöker denna studie två skolgårdar i Malmö utifrån tre perspektiv: skolgårdarnas utformning, högstadieelevers användning av och preferenser på skolgården samt planerarens prioriteringar och tillvägagångssätt vid utformningen av skolgårdsmiljöer. Syftet är, genom förståelse för hur dessa tre perspektiv kan förenas, öka kunskapen kring hur skolgårdarna kan planeras mer socialt och ekologiskt hållbart i den föränderliga staden. Detta undersöks med en mixad metod genom platsobservationer, enkätundersökningar och intervjuer. Empirin påvisar en relativt passiv inställning till skolgården bland eleverna, oberoende av skolgårdens storlek och mängd grönska samt att de överlag prioriterar social interaktion och mobilanvändande på rasterna. Tolkningen av det empiriska materialet utifrån teorin tyder på att det är grönskans kvalitet som påverkar elevernas intresse för att ta del av miljön. Genom intervjuerna framkom det att utformningen av ett grönt ramverk som erbjuder olika rumsligheter kan bidra till en mer jämlik, inkluderande och hållbar skolgårdsmiljö. Den ideala skolgårdsmiljön, som kan anses vara en där naturen företräds, speglar dock inte nödvändigtvis elevernas uppfattning av den ideala skolgården. Elevernas preferenser kan däremot få ta plats inom det hållbara ramverket, genom aktiv gestaltning.Within the city's transformative process, constantly tinged by new ideals, different interests must be united and considered in the planning and design of school grounds. Based on the importance of nature for children's health and development, this study examines two school grounds in Malmö from three perspectives: the school grounds design and shape, the use and preferences of the students on the school grounds, and the planner´s priorities and proceedings in planning school ground environments. The purpose is, through an understanding of how these three perspectives can unite, to increase knowledge on how school grounds can be planned more socially and ecologically sustainable in the transformative city. This is investigated with a mixed method through site observations, surveys and interviews. The empirical evidence shows a relatively passive relation to the school ground among the students, regardless of the school grounds size and amount of greenery, and generally they prioritize social interaction and mobile phone use during breaks. The interpretation of the empirical material, based on the theory, indicates that it is the quality of the greenery that affects the student’s interest in using the environment. Through the interviews, it emerged that the design of a green framework that offers different spatialities can contribute to a more equal, inclusive and sustainable school ground. The ideal environment of the school ground, which can be considered one that is characterized by natural environments, does not necessarily reflect the student's ideal of it. The students' preferences can however be accommodated within the sustainable framework through continuous design.
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Anderson, Gregory K., and Ian C. Rice. "Urban operations: theory and cases." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9842.
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This thesis examines military performance in both urban and traditional non-urban environments. Cases used in this study are German operations on the Russian front, Israeli operations during the Yom Kippur War, and U.S. Marine operations in South Vietnam. This thesis establishes a framework for analysis consisting of six factors. These include environment, time, informational aspects of military operations, application of existing technology, intangible human factors, and the decisionmaking of both political and military leaders. Analysis of the three cases points to a number of common trends including, shortcomings when units enter in the urban environment. We note a lack of urban operations training, an increase in time to accomplish tasks, a resistance to operate at night, difficulty processing and communicating information, and micromanagement of city fighting by political and military leaders who typically refrain from such management during non-urban combat. Results of this study suggest a need to incorporate consideration of our six factors into current doctrine.
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Anderson, Gregory K. Rice Ian C. "Urban operations : theory and cases /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FAnderson.pdf.
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Sampaio, José Nuno. "Light Design : Outdoor Urban Public Places : - Urban Lighting: Design and Technologies -." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206502.
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Most of the present time outdoor lighting investments seem to be focused on road and automotive traffic facilities or oriented toward safety, security and efficiency. We can identify this in many of the world cities, as a globally spread common practice, where lighting is still highly perceived as a pure matter of quantities’ distribution. Considering the tendency for the Human being to become an Urban-being, the future of human quality of life will, most probably, depend on the fortune of so called sustainable cities. By lighting design, and promoting the return of the city lights to the Human scale, is argued that the Urban Planning approach may not correspond best to the person viewpoint, due to scale. Will be explored, this way, by positioning the perspective at human eye level and not zenith bird-view, the traditional perspective over the city, where from not a soul ever experiences urbanity. The method definition will be based mostly on observations and analysis of the Light and Lighting transitions taking place in cities, experienced by its inhabitants, from daytime to night time.QC 20170505
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Seyed-Kalal, Sassan. "Designing urban parks, theory and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58377.pdf.
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Kim, Do-Hyung. "Three-dimensional urban simulation for collaborative urban design." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009940.
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Lau, King-hong, and 柳景康. "Urban gallery for design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983972.
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Lau, King-hong. "Urban gallery for design." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25956607.
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Hillman, Dessen. "Recursive relational urban design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91402.
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Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies: Architecture and Urbanism, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-89).
This thesis proposes a methodology for the act of urban design that is recursive and centered around explicit relational operations, enabled by taking advantage of computation and parametric techniques. It contains iterative experiments aimed to explore and discover the feasibility and potential of computational incremental urban design The initial idea for this thesis emerged as two urban design conventions are challenged. The first is the teleological masterplan. Masterplans take a long time to be implemented, causing the majority of them to be only partially implemented. In addition, as the early parts of the design are seeing completion of built development, their surrounding context would have changed and developed as well, rendering the rest of the initial design to be obsolete and out of context, which requires a new design to be created. The second is a more recent norm: the fact that contemporary designers use generative computation techniques often to generate some form of a masterplan. Sadly, most of the outcomes produce less coherent and intentional designs than what a conventional urban design approach would. Granted, each individual is entitled to his/her own belief on good urban form, but many urban design schemes produced today by computer and parametric techniques are residues of interest and passion for the tools and techniques themselves. Many computation-based urban schemes today, including this thesis, are still early explorations, but I hope to take a step towards bringing our views on computation techniques away from digital obsession and towards a more pragmatic use. This thesis is a response to my speculation that there are confusions between urban design and architecture at the urban scale. Unlike architecture, urban design cannot afford to take a single set of ideas that aims towards idea clarity, which typically ends up with having a thing as an organizing datum in a single design act, whether it's an axis, a mega structure, an open space, a topography map, etc.This approach is too one-dimensional, regardless of how complex the designer claims his/her project is.
by Dessen Hillman.
S.M. in Architecture Studies: Architecture and Urbanism
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Sakai, Yasushi S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Bikebump : collective urban design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114065.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 105-109).
Present urban planning issues require to involve the public in the urban design process, and this slow and complicated process remains the primary domain of expert planners and consultants. Although there have been many attempts to leverage new mobile tools to engage the community. These tools support the three stages of planning 1. data collection 2. analysis and visualization three solutions. Within these tools, some gather unstructured data that is hard to convert into physical interventions. Also, some applications are not designed to encourage debate and consensus building. This study will consider how a structured integrated tool will help the process of grassroots urban design. This thesis will focus on the development of a bottom-up, crowd-sourced, urban planning tool to improve the quality and safety of urban bike lanes. A mobile application will be developed to enable non-experts to actively participate in the process of real time data collection and feedback, mapping, selection of solutions, and the establishment of priorities. The system will be evaluated using both quantitative and qualitative methods, compared to present methods on bottom up interventions.
by Yasushi Sakai.
S.M.
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Kelly, Timothy J. "Orizaba Urban Design Plan." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/98.
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The site area for the Orizaba Design District is located in central Long Beach, California. Historically the physical development of the area has been heavily influenced by the existence of the Pacific Electric Railroad, which has a right-of-way running diagonally through the site. With the existence of the railroads, as well as the Districts proximity to the Port of Long Beach and major thoroughfares, the area has developed as an industrial site.
Despite the industrial nature of the area, starting in 2007 a small group of creative business owners, including architects, graphic designers, interior designers, and others, started to locate in the District, mainly along Coronado and Gladys Avenues. This private investment spurred further development and led to the identification of the site as having the potential to grow into a unique Design District.
Based on these realities, the Orizaba Urban Design Plan seeks to provide conceptual and design principles that will provide the City of Long Beach and local business owners with insight into development opportunities. The Plan envisions Orizaba has a safe, pedestrian friendly District that builds on the existing character of the City. To accomplish this, the Plan incorporates elements of site analysis and community meetings into conceptual development, which is further refined to create Plan objectives. The Plan objectives address elements of land use and circulation and explore ways the District can utilize sustainable design principles, particularly Low Impact Development. Finally, form-based codes incorporate Plan objectives into clearly defined design standards. The standards, which address elements of building envelopes, streetscape, visual quality, signage and wayfinding, and street furniture, are provided to aid in implementation and the realization of the District’s potential.
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Hachi, Ryma. "Explorer l'effet de la morphologie des réseaux viaires sur leurs conditions d'accessibilité : une approche empirique fondée sur la théorie des graphes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H072.
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Cette thèse vise à explorer la relation entre la morphologie des réseaux viaires et l’accessibilité qui s’offre aux individus lors de leurs déplacements dans l’espace urbain. L’accessibilité est ici définie comme un ensemble de conditions favorables aux déplacements (de faibles distances à parcourir, un faible niveau d’encombrement, …). Cette relation fait l’objet de nombreuses connaissances tacites en urbanisme. Des morphologies viaires types ou des interventions sur des réseaux existants sont préconisées en urbanisme pour les conditions d’accessibilité qu’elles sont supposées offrir. Toutefois, les effets réels de ces morphologies et de ces interventions sur les conditions d’accessibilité sont peu évalués de manière formalisée et systématique. Pour pallier ce manque, nous choisissons d’adopter une approche quantitative basée sur la théorie des graphes. Celle-ci permet une analyse de la morphologie et des conditions d’accessibilité des réseaux au moyen de descripteurs calculés sur ces graphes, puis l’étude de la relation entre descripteurs morphologiques et descripteurs d’accessibilité. Notre travail est exploratoire. Il porte sur un ensemble de dix cas d’étude empiriques, choisis pour être représentatifs de cas théoriques préconisés en urbanisme. Nous avons constitué deux corpus d’étude. Le premier rassemble des réseaux à la morphologie type. C’est le cas des réseaux organiques tels que celui de Paris au Moyen Age, des réseaux quadrillés tels que celui de Manhattan, et des réseaux arborescents tels que celui des banlieues suburbaines étasuniennes. Le second corpus est constitué des états successifs d’un réseau dans lequel ont été menées des interventions types, préconisées dans la littérature. En l’occurrence, il s’agit de la création de percées en étoile dans le réseau viaire de Paris au XIXe siècle. La description quantitative des caractéristiques morphologiques et des conditions d’accessibilité, menée sur les deux corpus, révèle des spécificités de chacun des réseaux et des interventions types analysés, tant en termes de morphologie qu’en termes d’accessibilité. Nos résultats permettent également d’identifier des tendances quant au lien entre les caractéristiques morphologiques des réseaux étudiés et leurs conditions d’accessibilité. Nous montrons notamment que ces tendances sont plus marquées pour le corpus de réseaux à la morphologie type, que pour le réseau parisien à différentes dates : à Paris, de fortes variations dans les descripteurs morphologiques s’accompagnent souvent de faibles variations dans les descripteurs d’accessibilité. D’un point de vue thématique, ce résultat suggère que les grands travaux menés au XIXe siècle par Haussmann ont certes affecté la morphologie du réseau viaire, mais ont eu un faible effet sur les conditions d’accessibilité offertes par ce réseau. Enfin, nous concluons que l’adoption d’une approche quantitative pour traiter de la relation entre la morphologie d’un réseau viaire et ses conditions d’accessibilité nécessite des allers retours, entre les savoirs et interprétations propres à l’urbanisme, et les méthodes et mesures issues d’autres disciplines, en l’occurrence de la Science des réseauxThis thesis aims to explore the relationship between the morphology of street networks and the accessibility offered to individuals during their trips in the urban space. The accessibility is defined as a set of favourable conditions for traveling (e.g. short distances to cover, low congestion level). This relationship is the subject of much tacit knowledge in the urban design community. Typical network morphologies or typical interventions on existing networks are recommended by urban designers, for the accessibility conditions they are supposed to offer. However, the actual effects of these recommendations on accessibility conditions are little evaluated in a formalized and systematic way. To compensate for this lack, we choose to adopt a quantitative approach based on graph theory. This allows an analysis of the morphology and accessibility conditions of networks by means of descriptors calculated on graphs, and then the study of the relationship between morphological and accessibility descriptors. Our work is exploratory. It concerns a set of ten empirical case studies, chosen for their representativity of theoretical cases recommended in urban design. We have constituted two corpuses of study. The first brings together networks with a typical morphology. This is the case of organic networks such as Paris in the Middle Ages, grid networks like Manhattan, and tree-like networks like in some American suburbs. The second corpus is made up of successive states of a network in which typical interventions, recommended in the literature, have been carried out. In this case, it concerns the creation of star-shaped breakthroughs in the street network of Paris in the 19th century. The quantitative description of the morphological characteristics and the accessibility conditions, carried out on the two corpuses, reveals some specificities of each typical network and intervention analyzed, both in terms of morphology and accessibility. Furthermore, our results allow us to identify trends in the relationship between the morphological characteristics of the studied networks and their accessibility conditions. In particular, we show that these trends are more marked for the corpus of networks with a typical morphology than for the Parisian network at different dates : in Paris, strong variations in morphological descriptors are often accompanied by weak variations in accessibility descriptors. From a thematic point of view, this result suggests that the major works carried out in the 19th century by Haussmann certainly affected the morphology of the street network, but had a little effect on the accessibility conditions offered by this network. Eventually, we conclude that the adoption of a quantitative approach to deal with the relationship between the morphology of a street network and its accessibility conditions requires a back and forth movement between the knowledge and interpretations specific to urban design and the methods and measures from other disciplines, in this case network science
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Abbott, Mick. "Designing wilderness as a phenomenological landscape: design-directed research within the context of the New Zealand conservation estate." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1026.
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This research operates at both the meeting of wilderness and landscape, and also landscape architecture and design-directed research. It applies a phenomenological understanding of landscape to the New Zealand conservation estate as a means to reconsider wilderness’ prevalent framing as an untouched ‘other’. It does this through enlisting the designerly imperative found within landscape architecture as the means by which to direct this research, and through landscopic investigations located in the artefacts of cooking, haptic qualities of walking, cartographies of wilderness and a phenomenological diagramming of landscape experience. The results of this layered programme of research are four-fold. First, it finds that a landscopic interpretation of wilderness, and its tangible manifestation in New Zealand’s conservation estate, has the potential to suggest a greater depth of dialogue in which both ecological and cultural diversity might productively flourish. Second, it finds that landscape architecture has significant potential to broaden both its relevance and types of productive outputs beyond its current intent to shape specific sites. It identifies that artefacts and representations – such as cookers, track markers and maps – can be creatively manipulated to design alternative formulations of landscape. Third, through self-critique the potency of a programme of design-directed inquiry is demonstrated. In this dissertation new knowledge is revealed that extends the formal, diagrammatic and conceptual dimensions of wilderness, New Zealand’s conservation estate, and a phenomenological expression of landscape. This research illustrates the potential for design-directed research methods to be more widely adopted in ways that extend landscape architecture’s value to multi-disciplinary research. Finally, it finds a pressing future direction for landscape architecture research is to further identify and develop techniques that diagram landscopic practice and performance with the same richness and detail that spatially derived descriptions currently offer. It is the considerable distance between the spoken and written poetics of phenomenology and the visual and diagrammatic articulation of these qualities that is identified as a problematic and also productive site for ongoing creative research.
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Mohsenianrad, Neda. "Urban Bridging: Unite Cincinnati's Fragmented Downtown Through Urban Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490353923340114.
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