Dissertations / Theses: 'Urban design quality'

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Edussuriya, Priyantha S. "Impact of urban physical design attributes on urban air quality and microclimate : towards formulation of urban design guidelines for Mong Kok /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25798881.

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Zammit, A. "Urban design quality through development control : the case of Malta." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1390793/.

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Taking the island of Malta as a case study, this research questions the role of development control in delivering urban design quality. Authors have acknowledged the significance of this relationship. However, few studies have tried to assess both sides of the story, focusing instead on the study of either the planning process or final design outcome in isolation. These studies have also generally tended to rely exclusively on either qualitative or quantitative research methods. The Maltese plan‐led discretionary planning system is experiencing interesting times. Recent documents produced by the Kamra tal‐Periti, the Chamber of Architects and Civil Engineers, together with central Government’s National Environment Policy, point to the need for an informed debate on urban design quality in the built environment. Central Government also initiated a planning reform in 2010, which to date has remained focused on the reform of planning procedures within the Malta Environment and Planning Authority, rather than on quality targets. These are also challenging times. The intense residential development that characterised the past decades occurred at the expense of broader qualitative considerations. Its consequences have been compounded by the restrictive spirit of current policy tools, their inadequacy in addressing urban design issues, and the approach of officers and decision‐makers in their regard. It is thus the optimal time to study the Maltese planning system. This research explores the multifarious debates surrounding development control, urban design quality and the Maltese planning context. Using a mixed four-stage methodology comprising both quantitative and qualitative research tools, it subsequently develops ‘process’- and ‘product’-related analytical frameworks that respectively assess key themes within the planning process and the quality of urban design outcome on the ground. At the concluding stage, the research draws these frameworks together to determine their possible relationship and provide recommendations to stimulate a rethinking of planning practice.

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Lai, Siu-fung Esther. "Urban design control in Hong Kong with particular reference to the design quality of built form." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25797013.

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黎少鳳 and Siu-fung Esther Lai. "Urban design control in Hong Kong with particular reference to the design quality of built form." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980387.

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Graziuso, Gabriella. "The design of urban quality: innovative community facilites in support of strategies of urban renewal a methodological proposal." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2609.

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2015 - 2016 Currently, urban planning theory and practice is focusing on the renewal and enhancement of the existing urban settlements and no longer on enlargement and expansion of the city. Generally, cities are looking for the sustainable use of resources, paying particular attention to environmental and social aspects. The urban quality and collective well-being cannot be separated from the identification of a network, structuring of the city, of infrastructures and services that are not resolved in the themes provided by legislation. In fact, the characteristics, that transform a place into a liveable area, derive from a set of tangible and intangible urban endowments, that evolve continuously according to their type. Without a balance between the built environment and the consequent urban facilities and services, which are named as Standard Urbanistici (Urban Standards) by the Italian legislation, a town can go into crisis. In Italy, almost fifty years on from the issue of the Decree on the Urban Standards (DI no.1444/1968), currently in force, the problems relating to their planning are unresolved and, moreover, exacerbated: application methods, criteria for the users computing, land acquisition processes, raising funding to move from planning to implementation and management of the infrastructures. Noting the failure of attempts to define, a priori, a quantity of universally valid services, it is necessary to rethink the strategies and criteria for the provision of infrastructure. In order to meet the real needs of local communities, which are continuously changing, elastic and flexible facilities must be coupled also with a change in the method for their determination and verification. Consequently, a need for the redefinition of tools to interpret the social dynamics and to ensure and assess a changed concept of urban and environmental quality can be revealed, through the identification of innovative equipment and services. “The Urban Standards are and will be those specific services and facilities which the local community, over time, recognizes as basic and essential for the balanced structuring of the territory, and that are standard, i.e. constant, for its management” (Lr Lombardia no.01/2001). From an initial analysis of the current situation, on the basis of technical references, and from the best practices on services planning, a methodology was developed to evaluate the system of urban standards quantitatively and qualitatively, in order to fully understand what the priorities are and the benefits they can bring. The intent of the methodology is to define an innovative tool to support land use decisions and to implement the planning of services (Piano dei Servizi). From the application to the planning of services of different techniques, tools and models belonging to different disciplines, the methodology has been defined and integrated into the practice of traditional urban planning, thus becoming also a regeneration tool of the urban system. The methodology has been tested in various municipal systems, producing significant results, reflecting the identity of the places and their morphological, social, cultural and economic features. The conclusion of the work also tracks possible future developments, which can turn to an operational simplification of the methodology in order to guide the definition of legislation for new services planning. [edited by author] Attualmente, le teorie e le pratiche di pianificazione urbana pongono l’attenzione alla riqualificazione e valorizzazione dell’esistente e non più sull’ampliamento e lo sviluppo delle città. In generale, esse sono rivolte all’uso sostenibile delle risorse, ponendo particolare attenzione agli aspetti sociali e ambientali. La qualità urbana e il benessere collettivo non possono prescindere dall’individuazione di una rete, strutturante per la città, di infrastrutture e servizi che non si risolvono nei temi previsti dalla norma. Infatti, le caratteristiche che rendono un luogo in un buon posto per vivere, derivano da una serie di dotazioni materiali e immateriali, che si evolvono in continuazione per tipologia. In mancanza di un bilanciamento tra l’ambiente costruito e le attrezzature e i sevizi che ne derivano (quelli che vengono definiti “standard urbanistici”), la città va in crisi. In Italia, a distanza di quasi cinquant’anni dall’emanazione del Decreto sugli Standard Urbanistici (D.I. no.1444/1968), attualmente ancora vigente, i problemi in materia di standard sono, nonché irrisolti, aumentati di numero: modalità applicative, criteri di calcolo dell’utenza, procedura di acquisizione delle aree occorrenti, reperimento delle risorse finanziarie per passare dalla programmazione all’attuazione ed alla gestione delle opere. Appurati i tentativi di fallimento di definire, a priori, una quantità universalmente valida dei servizi, è necessario ripensare alle modalità e ai criteri da considerare nella definizione della maggior parte delle attrezzature. Con l’intento di incontrare i bisogni reali delle comunità locali, che hanno cambiato il loro aspetto, attrezzature elastiche e flessibili devono essere combinate anche attraverso il cambiamento nel metodo della loro definizione e verifica. Di conseguenza, può essere rilevata la necessità di ridefinire strumenti in grado di interpretare le dinamiche sociali e di assicurare e valutare un diverso concetto di qualità urbana e ambientale, attraverso attrezzature e servizi innovativi. “Gli standard urbanistici sono e saranno quelle attrezzature e quei servizi specifici che a comunità locale, nel tempo, riconosce come basilari ed essenziali per la strutturazione bilanciata del territorio, e che, sono standard, costanti, per la sua gestione” (Legge regionale lombarda, 2001). Da una prima analisi dello stato dell’arte, sulla base della consultazione tecnica nazionale ed internazionale, e le esperienze di pianificazione dei servizi, è tato possibile delineare, a partire dalle diverse sue componenti, un percorso di ricerca che mira alla definizione di una metodologia di localizzazione dei servizi, intesi in un’ottica innovativa rispetto a quella tradizionale. Lo scopo della metodologia è quello di definire uno strumento innovativo di supporto alle decisioni dell’uso del suolo e capace di implementare la pianificazione dei servizi (Piano dei Servizi). Attraverso l’applicazione alla pianificazione dei servizi di diverse tecniche, strumenti e modelli appartenenti a diverse discipline, la metodologia è stata definita e integrata alla prassi di pianificazione urbana tradizionale, diventando quindi anche strumento di rigenerazione del sistema urbano. La metodologia è stata testata in diversi ambiti comunali, producendo dei risultati significativi, che possono rispecchiano l’identità dei luoghi e le loro caratteristiche fisiche, sociali, culturali ed economiche. La conclusione del lavoro traccia anche possibili sviluppi futuri, che possono rivolgersi a una semplificazione operativa della metodologia per poter orientare la definizione normativa di pianificazione dei servizi. [a cura dell'autore] XV n.s

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Parker, Nathaniel Ryan. "Assessing the effectiveness of water sensitive urban design in Southeast Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/34119/1/Nathaniel_Parker_Thesis.pdf.

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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems have the potential mitigate the hydrologic disturbance and water quality concerns associated with stormwater runoff from urban development. In the last few years WSUD has been strongly promoted in South East Queensland (SEQ) and new developments are now required to use WSUD systems to manage stormwater runoff. However, there has been limited field evaluation of WSUD systems in SEQ and consequently knowledge of their effectiveness in the field, under storm events, is limited. The objective of this research project was to assess the effectiveness of WSUD systems installed in a residential development, under real storm events. To achieve this objective, a constructed wetland, bioretention swale and a bioretention basin were evaluated for their ability to improve the hydrologic and water quality characteristics of stormwater runoff from urban development. The monitoring focused on storm events, with sophisticated event monitoring stations measuring the inflow and outflow from WSUD systems. Data analysis undertaken confirmed that the constructed wetland, bioretention basin and bioretention swale improved the hydrologic characteristics by reducing peak flow. The bioretention systems, particularly the bioretention basin also reduced the runoff volume and frequency of flow, meeting key objectives of current urban stormwater management. The pollutant loads were reduced by the WSUD systems to above or just below the regional guidelines, showing significant reductions to TSS (70-85%), TN (40-50%) and TP (50%). The load reduction of NOx and PO4 3- by the bioretention basin was poor (<20%), whilst the constructed wetland effectively reduced the load of these pollutants in the outflow by approximately 90%. The primary reason for the load reduction in the wetland was due to a reduction in concentration in the outflow, showing efficient treatment of stormwater by the system. In contrast, the concentration of key pollutants exiting the bioretention basin were higher than the inflow. However, as the volume of stormwater exiting the bioretention basin was significantly lower than the inflow, a load reduction was still achieved. Calibrated MUSIC modelling showed that the bioretention basin, and in particular, the constructed wetland were undersized, with 34% and 62% of stormwater bypassing the treatment zones in the devices. Over the long term, a large proportion of runoff would not receive treatment, considerably reducing the effectiveness of the WSUD systems.

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Palacios, Leslie Jane. "The Value of Inclusion of the Peri-Urban Interface on Quality of Life for the Urban Population." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35211.

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This paper examines peri-urban space existing separate from the urban fabric and often in between urban and rural landscapes. This is a largely neglected area and often considered by each side as belonging to the other. Contemporary studies identify two sides associated with the rural-urban fringe: the expanding built settlements and ebbing countryside, ignoring significance and the circumstance of the spaces. The peri-urban fringe is a planning opportunity, which provides services beyond simple human habitat or wasteland of undesirable function. Through this study I intend to present the peri-urban interface as an intricate element of the urban infrastructure. This paper examines a series of case studies, which display peri-urban land-use planning and design through established areas, boundaries, and buffers spanning North America, Western Europe and Australia. Each area is examined to determine scope, program, and ecological and social impacts. The data informs positive and negative impacts within the peri-urban area. The peri-urban fringe spaces take on many forms and functions. Successful sites enrich the associated urban communities, whereas unsuccessful sites, which often exist in conflict with abutting environments, reduce quality of life and essential ecological processes. The peri-urban interface varies with many scales and circumstances, which affect quality of life for the urban population. Planning in the PUI is essential in promoting healthy populations and ecologies. Scale, program and accessibility determine how effectiveness of a peri-urban interface. Through this study, I want to identify significant value of the peri-urban interface as an opportunity and asset for the urban landscape. Master of Landscape Architecture

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Rasheed, Ashiq Mohamed. "Adaptation of water sensitive urban design to climate change." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122960/1/Ashiq%20Mohamed_Rasheed_Thesis.pdf.

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This research developed mathematical models to generate reliable future rainfall data in small spatial and temporal scales, and used them to estimate future floods and water quality scenarios. Outcomes of the study suggested a substantial increase in the occurrences and the extent of future floods and the amount of pollutant that they carry. Outcomes will be highly valued in future-proofing urban flood mitigation measures and water sensitive urban design infrastructure.

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Nase, Ilir. "Real estate value and urban design quality : a cross-sectoral analysis of property peformance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550564.

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The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of urban design quality variables on real estate value through comparative performance analysis of the residential, office and retail sectors. Based on the highly intangible nature of design and the controversy surrounding the approach to measuring quality, real estate value is considered the best means to capture the implicit prices of different aspects of quality. In order to quantify these aspects the research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to introduce a set of measurable elements of good urban design. The framework for this approach is based on the principles of utility theory and employs the hedonic pricing method to measure quality aspects. This constitutes a unique attempt to explicitly identify and model the aspects of quality design and measure their added value to real estate. The intra-sectoral focus informed a holistic approach to quality design which consisted of the formulation of three different hedonic models, one for each 'measurable' sector in core urban locations. Ordinary Least Squares Regression was used to estimate the equations for a unique dataset of property transactions in Belfast City Centre. The fmal database was characterised by a sectoral categorisation and comprised 424 apartments sold between 2000 and 2008, 279 commercial offices rented during the period 1995-2009 and 301 retail units rented between 1994 and 2009. The main fmdings suggest that aspects of quality design such as context/identity, connectivity/permeability of the urban fabric, vitality and liveability of the surroundings and appropriate quality of construction material add real estate value. Other outcomes of interest were attributed to the peculiarity of the study area, sectoral characteristics and property cycles. This implies that in addition to the widely accepted place-specificity, urban design is highly dependent on the factors that drive the real estate markets.

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Anand, Jasdeep Singh. "Urban tropospheric NO2 retrieval design and optimisation for the compact air quality spectrometer, CompAQS." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36126.

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Air pollution has a significant detrimental effect on human/ecosystem health and is an important issue for a rapidly urbanising world. Anthropogenic NOx (NO and NO2) emissions have a range of health and environmental impacts. Reliable measurements of NOx are used to inform a range of science and policy goals. Satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 give a synoptic view of global and regional air pollution and are essential to constraining NOx emission estimates. However, coarse spatio-temporal resolution limits their utility to analyse urban pollution. The Compact Air Quality Spectrometer (CompAQS), a UV-VIS hyperspectral instrument, was developed to provide high spatial resolution imaging of urban pollution. The work described in this thesis covers the development of alternative retrieval algorithms of tropospheric NO2 for CompAQS. A variant on the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique was developed using unpolluted Earthshine reference spectra, and was tested using modelled and operational satellite spectra. Tropospheric columns retrieved with this technique agreed well with operational products (r2 = 0:85), particularly over heavily polluted regions (r2 = 0:96). A neural network retrieval employing only several wavelengths was also developed and tested on modelled spectra, which demonstrated low fitting errors ( < 10%) even with noisy data. Air mass factors were calculated to correct the data for other influences (e.g. surface albedo) for a CompAQS demonstrator test flight campaign over Leicester in February 2013. While CompAQS could resolve high-resolution pollution features, the DOAS fit uncertainty dominated the retrieval error (37%), indicating that better instrument calibration would be required to improve its eventual use as a satellite instrument. The retrieval algorithms demonstrated in this work could be tailored to support satellite adaptations of CompAQS. However, further research investigating the reliability and resolution of assumed a priori information (e.g. the NO2 vertical profile) will be required to produce a full mission study concept.

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Conde, Karla Moreira 1972. "Dimensões urbanas e percepção de valor socioambiental em bairros habitacionais : o caso de Vitória - ES." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257895.

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Orientador: Silvia Aparecida Mikami Gonçalves Pina Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conde_KarlaMoreira_D.pdf: 12205712 bytes, checksum: 4cb3a0bd8342e55846f9a2ce49c7752b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 Resumo: A qualidade ambiental urbana é influenciada por uma ampla gama de aspectos que compõem suas dimensões físicas e sistemas de atividades que interagem com as pessoas por meio de vivências, percepções e ações cotidianas. Assim, está relacionada a como a cidade é vivenciada em lugares que se mantêm atraentes para o uso e vida em comunidade. Tais dimensões urbanas, por sua vez, compreendem o conjunto de elementos e características do lugar e sua associação a aspectos multidimensionais do valor de quem o usa, influenciando os espaços e o cotidiano das pessoas. A principal característica de áreas identificadas como de alta qualidade ambiental é a vivacidade de seus espaços ao longo dos anos. O desenho urbano apresenta-se como possível elemento gerador dessa vivacidade, possibilitando melhorar a qualidade de vida nas cidades. Tal observação leva à hipótese de que determinadas dimensões da cidade associadas ao desenho urbano podem construir e manter uma qualidade ambiental em bairros habitacionais, cujo valor é percebido e vivenciado pela comunidade. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar as possíveis dimensões urbanas que permitam e incentivem a permanência da vivacidade em bairros habitacionais. A cidade de Vitória, capital do Estado do Espírito Santo, possui na área leste continental do município uma sequência de bairros residenciais que se destacam e despertam o interesse em estudos desta natureza pela particularidade de sua formação e desenvolvimento. Mesmo com crescimento populacional e mudanças ocorridas na sua ocupação, tais bairros têm preservado sua vivacidade ao longo de décadas. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso da área habitacional composta por dois bairros na cidade de Vitória/ES: Jardim da Penha e Mata da Praia. A análise focou os aspectos sociais, elementos da forma urbana, da percepção e valor socioambiental. Como contribuição foram desenvolvidas recomendações projetuais para bairros habitacionais no âmbito do desenho urbano no sentido de contribuir para a permanência da qualidade ambiental urbana em bairros existentes e especialmente para a sua introdução em novos projetos Abstract: The quality of urban environment is influenced by a wide range of aspects that constitute its physical dimensions, and by systems of activities interacting with people through their living, perceptions, and daily actions. It is thus related to how the city is experienced in places that are kept attractive to community life and use. Such urban dimensions in turn consist of the set of elements and characteristics of the place together with its association with multidimensional aspects of the value added by who uses the place, thereby influencing the spaces and their daily lives. The main feature of the areas identified as of high environmental quality is the livability of their spaces over the years. Urban design is presented as a feasible element generating such livability, contributing to higher quality of life in cities. This observation leads to the hypothesis that certain aspects of urban design can build and keep urban environmental quality in residential neighborhoods, whose value is perceived and experienced by the community. Thus, the objective of this research is to identify the possible urban dimensions that contribute to keeping the livability of residential neighborhoods. The city of Vitória, in the state capital of Espírito Santo has in its continental eastern area of the city a row of residential neighborhoods that stand out and arouse interest in studies alike, due to the particularity of its formation and development. Even with population growth and changes in their occupation, such neighborhoods have preserved its vitality over the decades. To achieve such objective a case study of the residential area consisting of two neighborhoods in the city of Vitória / ES, i.e. Jardim da Penha and Mata da Praia are carried out. The analysis focused on the social aspects, elements of urban form, the perception and environmental value. As a contribution were developed urban design recommendations for residential neighborhoods to contribute to the persistence of urban environmental quality in existing neighborhoods and especially for its introduction in new designs Doutorado Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade Doutora em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

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Browning, Maura. "The efficacy of urban stream restorations to improve water quality across a spectrum of design approaches." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3238.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008. Vita: p. 105. Thesis director: Christian Jones. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-104). Also issued in print.

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Kallioinen, Lundgren Sara. "Cheap Quality & Urban Unrest : The prettiest words are the ones we don't say." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7816.

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With a background in ceramics and graphic designI have developed my thoughts about craft as a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication, but in textiles. With the written word as one of my main materials this project looks into class and material hierarchies filtered through autofictivestories from my life. This paper explores themes that impact my decisions in the making process, choosing materials, motifs, texts and words, politics and poetry. It deals with all the information I push into patchworking, shirring, tufting and sculpting textiles, with the goal to paint a picture of an often unwanted section of society. To discuss this I have chosen references dealing with sloppy craft, text based art, graffiti and craft traditions, in a mix with news articles and economy. Through all parts of the project I am on balancing line between chaos and perfection, truth and fiction.

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Sharma, Monika. "Architectural design quality in local authority private finance initiative sheltered housing projects : the development of an evaluation tool." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2014. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/21596/.

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Ever since the 1990s, when the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was developed as the primary method for delivering major public-sector capital projects in the UK, it has been severely criticised for the lack of design quality in the buildings that it produced. The main driver for this thesis was to redress that situation. The development of an Architectural Design Quality Evaluation Tool was based on a live project with a metropolitan council in the North East of England. The aim was to improve the design quality of schemes that had been submitted through a PFI to replace the council’s entire sheltered housing stock. The Tool has two functions. It was a substantial part of the assessment process, which selected the preferred bidding consortium from the original six bidders, through a series of stages. However, it was also directed at improving the quality of all submitted designs through an iterative process. While existing tools provide useful benchmarks, and some offer means of structuring an evaluation, none are totally applicable in the context of PFI competitive bidding processes. Moreover, the existing tools are good for evaluating performance attributes of buildings, and these are important, but do not substantially tackle the less tangible amenity attributes that are vital to engendering the feeling of home. This Tool emphasises the amenity attributes without neglecting performance, thus generating a design quality hierarchy. The criteria for assessment are derived from academic publications. In order to reflect the hierarchy, each criterion was weighted on a scale of one to five, in accordance with multivariable utility theory. The percentage allocation to each main heading of the Tool was determined by the local authority Project Team. A User Guide was developed to assist the evaluation of schemes. The Tool itself was appraised at the final stage, assisting the selection of the preferred bidder. The designs were evaluated in three reviews, thus providing 156 results. The Tool and its development have been published, and the Tool and the User Guide accepted by the Homes and Communities Agency as an example of good practice. Both currently appear on its website. The Tool continues to assist other social housing providers with the design quality of their own projects.

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Chowdhury, Anupam. "A framework for determining rainfall parameters for stormwater quality treatment system design." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120286/1/Anupam_Chowdhury_Thesis.pdf.

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This study developed an innovative stormwater quality treatment design framework for effective mitigation of urban stormwater pollution. The research method is primarily based on a stormwater quality modelling exercise and an extensive statistical analysis for defining the relationships among rainfall, catchment and stormwater quality characteristics. The identified relationships were translated into a framework, enabling the determination of rainfall parameters and treatment system design specifications. Adopting this framework will enhance treatment system performances leading to greater protection of aquatic ecosystems.

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Ashqar, Huthaifa Issam. "Strategic Design of Smart Bike-Sharing Systems for Smart Cities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97827.

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Traffic congestion has become one of the major challenging problems of modern life in many urban areas. This growing problem leads to negative environmental impacts, wasted fuel, lost productivity, and increased travel time. In big cities, trains and buses bring riders to transit stations near shopping and employment centers, but riders then need another transportation mode to reach their final destination, which is known as the last mile problem. A smart bike-sharing system (BSS) can help address this problem and encourage more people to ride public transportation, thus relieving traffic congestion. At the strategic level, we start with proposing a novel two-layer hierarchical classifier that increases the accuracy of traditional transportation mode classification algorithms. In the transportation sector, researchers can use smartphones to track and obtain information of multi-mode trips. These data can be used to recognize the user's transportation mode, which can be then utilized in several different applications; such as planning new BSS instead of using costly surveys. Next, a new method is proposed to quantify the effect of several factors such as weather conditions on the prediction of bike counts at each station. The proposed approach is promising to quantify the effect of various features on BSSs in cases of large networks with big data. Third, these resulted significant features were used to develop state-of-the-art toolbox algorithms to operate BSSs efficiently at two levels: network and station. Finally, we proposed a quality-of-service (QoS) measurement, namely Optimal Occupancy, which considers the impact of inhomogeneity in a BSS. We used one of toolbox algorithms modeled earlier to estimate the proposed QoS. Results revealed that the Optimal Occupancy is beneficial and outperforms the traditionally-known QoS measurement. PHD

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Westford, Pia. "Neighborhood design and travel a study of residential quality, child leisure activity and trips to school /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12004.

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Mangangka, Isri Ronald. "Role of hydraulic factors in constructed wetland and bioretention basin treatment performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63054/1/Isri%20Ronald_Mangangka_Thesis.pdf.

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This research project contributed to the in-depth understanding of the influence of hydrologic and hydraulic factors on the stormwater treatment performance of constructed wetlands and bioretention basins in the "real world". The project was based on the comprehensive monitoring of a Water Sensitive Urban Design treatment train in the field and underpinned by complex multivariate statistical analysis. The project outcomes revealed that the reduction in pollutant concentrations were consistent in the constructed wetland, but was highly variable in the bioretention basin to a range of influential factors. However, due to the significant amount retention within the filter media, all pollutant loadings were reduced in the bioretention basin.

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Wyeth, Elwyn D. F. "Quality management for urban development ; potential benefits of introducing quality concepts into the management of activities such as the SEQ2001 Regional Growth Management Project." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Akit, Mert. "Pedestrian Experiences In Bahcelievler 7th Street: Setting The Design Criteria For The Enhancement Of Urban Public Realm." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604740/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to set out an urban design framework, based on pedestrian experiences and pedestrian spaces, in order to take up streets to design or enhance them as pedestrian friendly urban public places. This could also be considered as a model of approach, which assumes a normative manner. Pedestrian urban places are surveyed, then analyses are drawn that will lead to design. In that framework, the study first summarizes theoretical concepts of urbanity, urban quality and pedestrian experiences, which are necessary for examining these places. Then, it puts out how an urban place is examined with respect to the three main headings, which constitute the components of urban places: urban form, urban image and urban activity. The study area, 7th Street in Bah&ccedil elievler, has become a secondary centre with its vitality and the diversity of activities attracting many people from other districts besides local residents. However, initially planned within a housing cooperative, the neighbourhood has lost much from its cultural and urban accumulation due to global dynamics based on consumption. What is more, 7th Street is quite inadequate in providing an easy circulation both for pedestrians and vehicles as well as providing a quality urban place with its every element. Hence, the street has been examined with the above framework. This is done first with respect to the above mentioned components, and then with the information based on maps, photographs, personal observations and questionnaires which are done in order to find out the problems and characteristics of the users as well as their perceptive qualities. The conclusions together with strengths and weaknesses, which are derived from these surveys, have been used to set specific design guidelines for the area.

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Navarro, Wu Chiang Kuo. "Estudo da paisagem sonora no projeto arquitetônico e no urbanismo." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/384.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wu Chiang Kuo Navarro.pdf: 21368663 bytes, checksum: c7d461119b23797113e6b8c240bc26c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-10 Noise pollution results from human activities and compromises population life quality and welfare. This creates public health problems and several social and economic negative effects on cities. This dissertation studies how urban morphology and architecture design interact and interfere with the soundscape of a place. This study also reviews strategies, plans, and measures to reduce the impact of noise in projects in Europe, Asia and Brazil. A case study is also presented where concepts and acoustic principles are applied to analyze the soundscape of Oscar Freire, a busy commercial street in São Paulo. A poluição sonora é resultante das atividades humanas e compromete a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar da população, gerando problemas de saúde pública, além de ser responsável por efeitos negativos na econômica e na sociedade. A presente dissertação aborda de que forma elementos da morfologia urbana e do projeto arquitetônico interagem e interferem na paisagem sonora de um lugar. Este estudo apresenta, também, as estratégias de planejamento de ação e as medidas na redução de ruído aplicadas na Europa, na Ásia e no Brasil, e um estudo de caso com aplicação dos conceitos e fundamentos da acústica urbana na paisagem sonora da Rua Oscar Freire na cidade de São Paulo.

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Kadurupokune, Wanniarachchi Kankanamge Nilmini Prasadika, and s3144302@student rmit edu au. "Sustainable management of stormwater using pervious pavements." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081029.102009.

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Pervious pavements in car parks and driveways reduce peak discharge and the volume of runoff flowing in to urban drains and improve the water quality by trapping the sediments in the infiltrated water. This reduces the risk of pollutants such as suspended solids and particle bound chemicals such as phosphorous, nitrogen, heavy metals and oils and hydrocarbons entering receiving waters. The key objectives of the study are to establish relationships between rainfall and pervious pavement runoff and quantify improvements to infiltrated stormwater quality through the pervious pavement. The field experimental results were used to calibrate the PCSWMMPP model and to develop water flow and quality improvement transfer functions of the MUSIC model for concrete block and turf cell pavements. The research reported herein has demonstrated that pervious pavements can be introduced as a sustainable stormwater management initiative and as a key Water Sensitive Urban Design feature to deliver numerous benefits to the environment. The outcomes from the study will be useful in designing environmentally friendly car parks, pedestrian paths, light traffic drive ways, sporting grounds and public areas in the future. Land developers and local government authorities will be major beneficiaries of the study which has increased the understanding of the use of pervious pavements and explored a number of issues that previously inhibited the wider use of pervious pavements in practice.

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Stessens, Philip. "Towards an ecological approach for sustainable urban planning: the case of the Brussels-Capital Region." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/288316.

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In the last decades the population living in cities has substantially increased. According to the United Nations, by 2050 two thirds of the world population will be living in urban areas. Demographic pressure, through influx of residents or internal growth results in expansion and densification of urban areas and goes hand in hand with increased imperviousness, putting pressure on the provision of urban green. Urban green offers a range of direct and indirect benefits to the urban ecosystem. Green in the city reduces rainwater runoff and flooding risk while improving water quality; it improves air quality, provides natural cooling and contributes to reducing the urban heat island effect. Being the main source of contact with nature, urban green has also been shown to contribute to the physical and psychological wellbeing of urban citizens. The environmental concern for urban nature and re-naturing of cities are thus at the heart of developing more «ecological approaches to sustainable urban design and planning». In the framework of this research, it implies: understanding the (spatial) distribution of green space in relation to the built-up area of the city at different scale levels – the benefits they provide, their quality and proximity for urban residents – and; how to develop diagnostic, analytical and projective capabilities aimed at improving their (urban green) provision to address a host of sustainability challenges related to climate change, demographic growth and densification of the urban area. The research focuses on the development of evidence-based frameworks for planning that incorporate citizens’ needs and that are built on an interdisciplinary foundation. With this scope and focus, this study contributes to the development of a more ecological framework for sustainable urban design and planning aimed at integrating nature in the city more effectively and in an evidence-based way. The first part of the research focuses on the development of a spatially explicit tool for green space quality and proximity assessment reflecting user’s perception. Application of the model in the Brussels context reveals that user’s perception of qualities of urban green spaces such as naturalness and spaciousness can be linked to green space characteristics as described by available GIS-based data. As such GIS-based modelling allows for an extrapolation of questionnaire-based quality assessments for a selection of parks to other public green spaces. Analysis of the proximity of urban green spaces based on user’s perception shows spatial inequalities in green space provision, with less than 50% of Brussels’ citizens having good access to small (residential and play green) and to large green spaces (city and metropolitan green). By coupling multi-scale proximity assessment with quality assessment of green spaces, it is demonstrated that nearly two third of the Brussels population has no access to high quality public green spaces. Through collaborative research by design workshops involving different stakeholders, indicators produced by the quality-proximity model are used to indicate and tackle problem areas. Three alternative scenarios for public green space development are defined. The scenario analysis demonstrates that actions to provide low-income neighborhoods with a good accessibility to public green spaces will require creative solutions, dealing with complex property and management issues, and levels of investment that go well beyond the cost of regular green space development. The second part of the study presents a GIS- and design-based approach to assess potential land cover change for the Brussels-Capital Region anticipating expected population growth. The methodology proposed can be used to assess the impact of spatial policies and the implementation of building codes on future urban land cover. By studying the everyday processes for parcel infill and densification, and by defining a densification process based on the principles of sustainable urban design (e.g. walkable and high-density urban areas near mobility hubs, compact building typologies, preserving valuable natural areas, creative approaches to increasing the provision of urban green (green roofs, bioswales, etc.) space for water and floodscapes, etc.), two land use evolution scenarios are formulated; a business-as-usual and a sustainable scenario. One of the main conclusions of the case study on the Brussels-Capital Region is that densification can be deployed as a vehicle for positive land cover change and greening of the city. Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture) info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Chouillou, Delphine. "La qualité environnementale urbaine : prendre en compte les représentations et les pratiques sociales des habitants dans la fabrique urbaine, l'exemple toulousain." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20058/document.

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Dans les villes françaises, les évolutions récentes en matière de conception urbaine ont rendu incontournable la reconstruction de la ville sur elle-même dans le respect de son environnement. La ville doit désormais être de bonne qualité environnementale urbaine. Même si cela semble aujourd’hui une évidence, la fabrique urbaine de la qualité environnementale pose encore question car c’est une notion multi interprétée dans le champ scientifique comme dans le champ opérationnel.Cette thèse en urbanisme et aménagement inscrite dans le champ de la géographie sociale, porte sur les multiples acceptions de la qualité environnementale urbaine. Elle questionne en particulier la prise en compte des acceptions qu’en ont les habitants dans les projets urbains à Toulouse. La thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain par parcours commentés menée auprès d’habitants d’un quartier soumis à de fortes nuisances environnementales, et par entretiens semi directifs auprès de professionnels toulousain du projet urbain. L’enquête de terrain a été complétée par une analyse de documents sur les cadres politique, réglementaire et institutionnel qui régissent la fabrique urbaine.La thèse montre que même si les habitants et les professionnels du projet urbain partagent une dimension subjective et expérientielle de la qualité environnementale urbaine, les conditions politique, règlementaire et institutionnelle de la fabrique urbaine ne permettent pas vraiment de la prendre en compte dans les projets urbains. La thèse ayant aussi comme objectif opérationnel de participer à améliorer la fabrique de la qualité environnementale urbaine, elle propose un prototype d’outil interdisciplinaire et participatif d’aide à sa conception destiné aux professionnels du projet urbain In French cities, recent evolutions in urban design and planning have made essential to rebuild the city on itself while respecting its environment. Now, cities have to be of good urban environmental quality. Although it seems obvious today, the making of environmental urban quality is still a question because it is a multi interpreted concept in the scientific field, as well as in the operational field.This Ph.D. in urban planning, well inscribed in the field of social geography, addresses the multiple meanings of urban environmental quality. In particular, it questions the possibility of taking into account the meanings of this concept for the inhabitants in urban projects in Toulouse. The Ph.D. is based on a field investigation by commented paths conducted with residents of a neighborhood subject to severe environmental nuisances, and semi-structured interviews with professionals from Toulouse’s urban projects. The field investigation was supplemented by an analysis of documents on the policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks governing the urban policies

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Heitmann, Simon. "Framtagning av en ljudanalysmetod för bedömning av ljudkvalitet i urbana utomhusmiljöer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-358452.

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Buller är en av de miljöföroreningar som har störst negativ påverkan på männi-skors hälsa. Några av dessa eﬀekter är sömnstörningar, stress och i vissa fall kan detleda till hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Problematiken kring detta växer med en ökandebefolkningsmängd och urbanisering runt om i världen. Denna studie undersöker möj-ligheterna till att utveckla en ny ljudanalysmetodik för hållbara stadsmiljöer. Idag utförs traﬁkbullerutredningar som en del i miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar. Dessaanalyser innehåller i huvudsak en ljudnivåberäkning från de primära bullerkällornaoch dessa kopplas till gällande riktvärden för A-vägda ljudnivåer vid uteplatser ochfasader. Forskning kring urbana ljudmiljöer visar att endast ljudnivåerna från buller-källor inte är tillräckligt för att avgöra ljudkvaliteten. Bullrets relativa inblandning iljudmiljön, dess frekvensområde och tidsvariation samt platsens syfte och användningär faktorer som dels är kopplade till hur pass väl bullret maskeras, och dels hur passstörande ljudet faktiskt upplevs. Alla dessa faktorer behöver vägas in för att på bästasätt kunna bedöma ljudkvaliteten. Strategin som användes i denna studie bestod dels av en litteraturstudie där till-gänglig forskning kring urbana ljudmiljöer analyserades och dels i en fallstudie därtre olika typfall av urbana miljöer modellerades i det akustiska modelleringsprogram-met Olive Tree Lab. De tre fallen utgjordes av teoretiska platser, ett öppet gaturum,ett stängt gaturum samt ett gaturum med torg på ena sida. Utformningen av des-sa valdes utifrån att det är några av de vanligast förekommande urbana miljöernadär höga ljudnivåer uppstår. Utifrån litteraturstudien togs en beskrivningsmall förljudmiljöer som utgör den nya ljudanalysmetoden fram som sedan applicerades påfallstudien för analys och utvärdering. Mallens tyngdpunkt låg på att undersöka så-väl goda som negativa ljud och att koppla det till den platsen som analysen avser.Resultaten visade på att användning av mallen leder till en bredare och mer detalje-rad beskrivning av ljudmiljön som möjliggör ﬂera olika typer av lösningar än de somföreslås idag. Noise is one of the environmental pollutions that has the largest negative eﬀect onhuman health. Some of these eﬀects are stress, sleeping issues and in some cases itcan cause cardiovascular diseases. The problem about this is growing as a result froman increasing population and an increasing urbanization. This study investigates thepossibilities to develop a new sound analysis method for urban environments. Today traﬃc noise investigations are performed as a part of environmental impact as-sessments. These analyses comprise most of sound level calculations from the primarynoise sources, which are then connected to the existing benchmarks for A-weightedsound levels at patios and facades. Research around urban sound environments showsthat only taking the sound levels exceeded from the primary noise sources in con-sideration is an insuﬃcient method for estimating the sound quality. The relativeinvolvment of the noise, the range of frequencies and the variation in time as well,as the purpose and use of the area, are factors which are all connected to how wellthe noise is masked, as well as how disturbing the noise is actually percieved as. Allthese factors have to be taken into consideration in order to assess the sound qualityin the best posssible way. The method used in this study consisted of two main parts; one literature study,where available research around urban sound environments was analysed; and onecase study where three diﬀerent cases of urban environments were analyzed in theacoustic modeling program Olive Tree Lab. The three cases consisted of theoreticallocations, one open street canyon, one closed and one street canyon with a squareon one side. Based on the literature study a description template for sound environ-ments was developed and applied to the cases from the case study for analysis andevaluation. The main focus of the template was to investigate both positive and ne-gative sounds and relate them to the site of which the sound analysis is intended for.The results showed that use of the template resulted in a broader and more detaileddescription of the sound environment, which enabled diﬀerent kinds of solutions thatare not commonly used today.

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Ricks, Joi Elizabeth. "Living outside the box: sustaining the lifelong community through universal design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34732.

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We all want to live in a healthy community. Each of us has his or her own image of what such a community should look like. That image is shaped, in part, by our reaction to the communities in which we now live or used to live. However we often take for granted the elements of communities that enable and sometimes disable many of us to remain active in a community for a lifetime. For older residents, a lifelong community would include elements that help them to maintain independence and quality of life. The physical characteristics of a community often play a major role in facilitating our personal independence. In order to combat the growing challenges and health concerns facing the American lifestyle this research proposes a set of design guidelines that promote sustainable lifelong communities that are universally designed for people of all ages and levels of physical ability. The purpose of developing a set of universal design guidelines for lifelong communities is to alleviate many of the physical barriers and challenges that prevent some Americans from active involvement in the community. The methods employed to develop these guidelines were based on literature review and analysis. This research was incorporated into a new body of practical standards that was tested against a real life community in Decatur, Georgia. These standards were edited and revised to appropriately accommodate the necessary adaptations that were discovered during the evaluation phase. The resultant guidelines are presented with the intention of becoming a usable guide for planning agencies such as the Atlanta Regional Commission and other local and national community design facilitators.

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Wildhaber, Eric. "Green trail systems and tourism: improving the quality of life in Kansas City through the addition of green systems, connected districts and tourism opportunities." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13746.

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Master of Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning Jason Brody The Mid America Regional Council, (MARC) is the official metropolitan planning organization for the Greater Kansas City region. MARC received a 4.25 million dollar grant from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development in 2010 to advance the region’s vision of sustainability through vibrant, green, and connected centers and corridors. From which the CSP (Creating Sustainable Places) initiative was established. Responding to this initiative, eight grant funded Kansas State University students worked in a Rock Island Corridor group. This group showed and described ways of achieving MARC’s and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development’s goals through the development of Master’s Reports. Reports include design ideas and proposals which MARC and city planning departments might not have developed otherwise. Student collaboration between public and city planning departments informed the development of student ideas. Green trail systems and tourism specifically addresses how the quality of life in the Kansas City Metro Area could be enhanced with the implementation of a cultural trail network. This network would provide access to the Rock Island Corridor, create greenspaces, and establish mixed-use housing districts for potential home and business owners. The Greater Kansas City region population is increasing. Trails, parks, and mixed-use buildings for residents in KC could improve the quality of life for future residents. Adding greenspaces, pedestrian mobility, and entertainment districts in which to find region specific activities could help attract people to redeveloping areas. Green trail systems and tourism’s project area is located between the Sprint Center and the Truman Sports Complex. To resolve problems and dilemmas within this region of Kansas City, a routing plan of a cultural trail network is outlined. This cultural trail features new trail heads, cultural centers, and proposed zoning overlays for park developments and mixed-use housing districts. The trail network created connects the Sprint Center and Truman Sports Complex in Kansas City, Missouri as a tourism link. Tourism destinations and historic sites add to the economic success of KC. Sites are connected to in the routing plan for the cultural trail. This proposal shows one approach for creating sustainable centers in KC.

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Settle, Steve. "Monitoring of urban stormwater runoff for solids and phosphorus determination using key and surrogate physico-chemical indicators." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36144/1/36144_Settle_2001.pdf.

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Solids and phosphorus within urban stormwater have the potential to cause environmental damage to the ecological systems in freshwater streams and receiving waters. The evaluation of these pollutants is undertaken by physico-chemical monitoring programs which sample streamflow for laboratory assessment. These programs require assessment of a range of issues to allow development of a monitoring system design. Current monitoring approaches have limitations in the conditions under which data can be sampled and the extent of information which can be collected. The understanding of catchment storage and transportation behaviour as well as waterway processes provides opportunity to develop improved knowledge if system behaviour and the methods whereby assessment can be made using monitoring systems. Data sets from four monitoring programs covering a range of waterways in Pine Rivers Shire have been examined for the catchment characteristics which influence solids and phosphorus discharge behaviour and the potential for surrogate indicators to predict streamflow concentration. The study involved partitioning of the components based on the dissolved and particulate fractions and the flow condition. Suspended solids and particulate phosphorus were found to be determined by the extent of urbanisation and the magnitude of the flow event. Whereas dissolved solids and dissolved phosphorus were found to be a greater component of base flow delivered from subsurface movement. Surrogate indicators were evaluated as a technique to supplement key indicator analysis by providing a measurement technique which is site based or utilises less laboratory effort. The investigation of the physical and chemical behaviour of solids and phosphorus allowed the identification of a number of parameters with the potential for interrelationship. Relationships were developed for suspended and dissolved solids using turbidity and conductivity and for dissolved and particulate phosphorus using suspended and dissolved solids. The relationships were found to be generic in the case of solids determination and catchment specific for phosphorus. The relationships will allow enhancement of monitoring knowledge to provide increased information on spatial and temporal variation of indicator concentrations.

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Sjöström, Sebastian. "Arkitektoniska kvaliteter i ett arktiskt klimat : Ett gestaltningsförslag baserat på principer och strategier för klimatanpassat bostadsbyggande." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72812.

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Städer och samhällen har under det senaste seklet utvecklats och exploaterats längre norrut men med en avsaknad av ett tydligt arkitektoniskt formspråk anpassat för ett arktiskt och subarktiskt klimat. Somliga forskare hävdar att städer och byggnader i dessa klimat till stor del baseras på universella arkitektoniska och urbana principer, som egentligen är bättre lämpade i tempererade klimat. Syftet med detta ar-bete är att undersöka, identifiera, sammanställa ochvisualisera relevant forskning, kunskap och praktisk kännedom gällande arkitektonisk gestaltning i ett arktiskt och subarktiskt klimat. Att identifiera bidragandefaktorer till komfortabla och attraktiva bostäder och stadsrum med kvalitéer som reducerar uppkomsten av väderrelaterade obehag. För att således, genom ett konceptuellt gestaltningsförslag, kunna visualisera och belysa det arkitektoniska formspråket som är bäst lämpat för det arktiska och subarktiska klimatet. Inledningsvis genomförs en litteraturstudie där till- gänglig forskning studeras med avseende att tydlig-göra vad som definierar arktisk och subarktisk arki- tektur samt klimatanpassat bostadsbyggande. Vidareidentifieras avgörande klimatfaktorer och arkitekto- niska kvaliteter som kan främja ett tydligt formspråk och komfortabla miljöer i dessa krävande klimat. Efter litteraturstudien upprättas en syntes som tillsammans med metoder ur Problem Seeking och Design: pro- cess och metod sammanställer de identifierade kvali- teterna till konkreta principer och strategier. Syntesen resulterade i följande tre klimatfaktorer att ta hänsyn till: Sol, Vind och Snö. Vidare resulterade syntes i följande nio byggnadsrelaterade faktorer: Volymer, Tak, Fasad, Entré, Markplan, Innergårdar samt mer urbana delar som: Gator, Vegetation och Aktiviteter. För att applicera dessa identifierade principer ochstrategier valdes ett tillämpningsområde med klimat- förutsättningar likt de som studerats. Tillämpningsområdet blev två kvarter i Kirunas nya stadsdel, nordväst om nya centrum. En platsanalys genomfördes med hjälp av välkända analysmetoder där information tillhandahållits genom Kirunas utvecklingsplan, fördjupande översiktsplan samt det vinnande täv- lingsbidraget för den nya stadsdelen, Kiruna 4-ever. Det konceptuella gestaltningsförslaget, som är arbetets resultat, baseras på den upprättade synte- sen tillsammans med resultatet av de analyser som genomförts med avseende på tillämpningsområdet. Gestaltningsförslaget utgör två bostadskvarter i linjer med Kirunas utvecklingsplan gällande utformning ochfunktion samt det identifierade arkitektoniska principerna. En höggradig funktionsblandning, levande och inbjudande gatumiljöer, attraktiva stråk, torg och parker samt en tydlig närhet till naturen är några av de kvaliteter som framgår i förslaget. Tillsammans med de väl avvägda och anpassade kombinationerna av designprinciper för arktisk och subarktisk arkitektur. Då gestaltningsförslaget är utformat på en övergripande konceptuell nivå, där fokus legat på attapplicera de identifierade principerna, anses detinte vara en fullständig produkt. Fortsatt arbete med och utveckling av det termiska klimatet samt interiöra faktorerna föreslås, som inte nödvändigtvis bör påverka den förslagna exteriöra utformningen. Det sammanställda och identifierade principernapresenteras på sida 47 i rapporten. Medan gestaltningsförslaget i sin helhet presenteras på sida 85. Cities and communities have moved and developed further north over the last century, but with a lack of a clear architectural design adapted to the arctic and sub-arctic climate. Some researchers argue that cities and buildings in these climates are largely based on universal architectural and urban principles, which are actually better suited in temperate climates. The purpose of this work is to investigate, identify, compile and visualize relevant research, knowledge and practical knowledge regarding architectural design in an arctic and sub-arctic climate. To identify contributing factors to comfortable and attractive homes and urban spaces with qualities that reduce the occurrence of weatherrelated discomfort. In order to, through a conceptual design proposal, be able to visualize and illuminate the architectural design that is best suited to the arctic and sub-arctic climate. Initially, a literature study is conducted in which available research is studied with regard to clarifywhat defines arctic and sub-arctic architecture and climateadapted housing construction. Furthermore, crucial climate factors and architectural qualities are identified that can promote a clear design languageand comfortable environments in these demanding climates. After the literature study, a synthesis is established which together with methods like Problem Seeking and Design: process and method compilethe identified qualities to concrete principles and strategies. The synthesis resulted in the following three climate factors to take into account: Sun, Wind and Snow. Furthermore, synthesis resulted in the fol- lowing nine building-related factors: Volumes, Roofs, Facade, Entrance, Ground plan, courtyards and urban factors such as: Streets, Vegetation and Activities. In order to apply these identified principles andstrategies, an application area with climate conditions similar to those studied was chosen. The application area became two blocks in Kiruna's new city plan, northwest of new center. A site ana- lysis was carried out using well known analysis methods where the necessary information was provided through Kiruna's development plan, indepth overview plan and the winning competition contribution for the new city plan, Kiruna 4-ever. The conceptual design proposal, which is the result of the work, is based on the established synthesis together with the result of the analyzes carried outwith respect to the field of application. The designproposal constitutes two residential blocks in lines with Kiruna's development plan regarding design andfunction and the identified architectural principles. A high quality functional mix, vibrant and inviting street environments, attractive streets, squares and parks as well as a clear connection to nature are some of the qualities that appear in the proposal. Along with the well-balanced and adapted combinations of design principles for arctic and sub-arctic architecture. Since the design proposal is designed on an overall conceptual level, where the focus has beenon applying the identified principles, it is not considered a complete product. Continued work on and development of the thermal climate and interior factors is proposed, which should not ne- cessarily affect the proposed exterior design.The crucial and identified principles are presented on page 47 of the report. While the design proposal as a whole is presented on page 85.

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Johanna, Mårtensson. "Form-based codes och design codes i en svensk planeringskontext : En komparativ studie mellan länder." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85400.

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System för planering och bebyggelsekontroll måste hantera många utmaningar. Svårigheterna och den påverkan dessa system har på den fysiska miljön gör ämnet ständigt aktuellt att undersöka och försöka utveckla. Examensarbetet gör detta genom att jämföra systemet i Sverige med det i andra länder. Mer specifikt studeras form-based codes som förespråkas av Nyurbanismen i USA och design codes i England. I en svensk kontext kan dessa codes jämföras med detaljplanens planbestämmelser och riktlinjer i kvalitets- och gestaltningsprogram. I och med propositionen ”Politik för gestaltad Livsmiljö” som antogs i maj 2018 uppmuntras kommuner ta fram en arkitekturpolitik på lokal nivå. Dessa dokument utgör också ett intressant verktyg i sammanhanget. Examensarbetets frågeställning lyder därför: Hur kan koncept och verktyg från form-based codes i USA och design codes i England utveckla svenska kommuners arkitekturpolicyer, kvalitetsprogram och detaljplaner? I en mindre utsträckning har förutom systemen i USA och England även Frankrike och det typo-morfologiska förhållningsättet till zonering inkluderats. Examensarbetet startade med en litteraturstudie och åtföljdes av ett antal fallstudier som innefattade innehållsanalyser av arkitekturpolicyer, kvalitetsprogram och detaljplaner. De policyer som valdes ut för analys bedömdes ha mest gemensamt med arbetssätt inom form-based codes och design codes. Dessa var Örebros och Linköpings policyer samt Avesta, Fagerstas och Norbergs gemensamma policy. Från de två förstnämnda kommunerna analyserades även detaljplaner. Utöver detta inkluderades detaljplanerna och kvalitetsprogrammen för Henriksdalshamnen och Kolkajen i Stockholm. Innehållsanalysen av planer och program utgick från ett antal kategorier. Resultatet från fallstudierna jämfördes sedan med litteraturstudien. Parallellt genomfördes även en intervju med en praktiserande planarkitekt som innan intervjun fick läsa en begränsad mängd material om form-based codes. Resultat och analys från jämförelsen och intervjun låg sedan till grund för utformningen av ett antal rekommendationer. Litteraturstudien behandlade användningen av codes genom historien, utvecklingen och definitioner av form-based codes och design codes, samt hur dessa är organiserade. Vidare innefattade litteraturstudien kritik som riktats mot dessa och kopplingen till urbanmorfologi i relation till det franska typo-morfologiska förhållningsättet till zonering. Slutligen behandlades även utformnings och gestaltningsfrågor kopplat till bebyggelsereglering i den svenska planprocessen. Jämförelsen mellan innehållsanalysen av de utvalda fallen och litteraturstudien visade på skillnader och likheter mellan vad som behandlas och hur detta görs inom form-based codes och design codes respektive planer och program i Sverige. Resultatet från analysen av arkitekturpolicyerna visade på likheter med form-based codes och design codes som kunde förstärkas. I detta avseende utmärkte sig framför allt Örebros arkitekturstrategi som i likhet med praktiken inom form-based codes och design codes delade in staden i olika områdestyper. De två kvalitetsprogram som analyserades skiljde sig åt i karaktären vilket kopplades samman med processen för framtagandet av dessa. I jämförelse visade sig programmet för Kolkajen ha mer gemensamt med form-based codes och design codes än det för Henriksdalshamnen. Intervjun belyste perspektiv på innehållet i planer och program, kontexten som planer och program tas fram i och verkar, samt synpunkter på form-based codes.De rekommendationer som togs fram utgjordes av 19 aspekter som på ett övergripande plan kan behandlas för olika områdestyper i en arkitekturpolicy i likhet med Örebros arkitekturstrategi. Därutöver utvecklades en tabell med rekommendationer för vad som kan behandlas i detaljplaner och kvalitetsprogram beroende på planområdets läge i staden. Tanken är att dessa ska ha en direkt anknytning till områdestyperna i policyn då kopplingen mellan områdestyper och regleringar eller riktlinjer är direkt inom form-based codes och design codes. Genom att dessa preciseras i detaljplanerna skulle kopplingen vara mer flexibel än den är inom form-based codes. Detta skulle kunna innebära ett sätt för kommuner att agera proaktivt i stället för reaktivt till enskilda exploateringsförslag. Slutligen visade även litteraturstudien fördelar med att tillämpa enkla, principiella illustrationer vilket kan göras i en större utsträckning i såväl policyer, program och detaljplaner. Planning and development control systems must deal with many challenges. The difficulties and the impact these systems have on the physical environment make the subject constantly relevant to study and try to develop. The thesis does this by comparing the system in Sweden with that in other countries, more specifically form-based codes advocated by New Urbanism in the US and design codes in England. In a Swedish context, these codes can be compared with the building control regulations in detailed plans and guidelines in quality and design programs. With the adoption of the Government bill "Politik för gestaltad livsmiljö" in May 2018, municipalities are encouraged to develop an architectural policy at the local level. These documents are also an interesting tool in this context. The thesis’ question therefore reads: How can concepts and tools from form-based codes in the US and design codes in England develop Swedish municipalities’ architecture policies, quality programs and detailed plans? To a lesser extent, in addition to the systems in the US and England, France and the typo-morphological approach to zoning have also been included. The degree project started with a literature study and was accompanied by a few case studies that included content analysis of architectural policies, quality programs and detailed plans. The policies selected for analysis were judged to have the most in common with approaches to regulations within form-based codes and design codes. These were Örebro's and Linköping's policies and Avesta, Fagersta and Norberg’s joint policy. Detailed plans were also analysed from the first two municipalities. In addition to this, the detailed plans and quality programs for Henriksdalshamnen and Kolkajen in Stockholm were included. The content analysis of plans and programs was based on a few categories. The results from the case studies were then compared with the literature study. In parallel, an interview was also conducted with a practicing planning architect who before the interview read a limited amount of material about form-based codes. Results and analysis from the comparison and the interview then formed the basis for the formulation of recommendations.The literature study dealt with the use of codes throughout the history, the development and definitions of form-based codes and design codes, as well as how these are organized. Furthermore, the literature study included criticism of these and the connection to urban morphology in relation to the French typo-morphological approach to zoning. Finally, design issues linked to building regulation were also dealt with in the Swedish planning process. The comparison between the content analysis of the selected cases and the literature study showed differences and similarities between what is treated and how this is done within form-based and design codes and plans and programs in Sweden. The results from the analysis of the architecture policies showed similarities with form-based codes and design codes that could be strengthened. In this respect, Örebro’s architectural strategy especially distinguished, which, like the practice in form-based codes and design codes, divided the city into different area types. The two quality programs that were analysed differed in nature, which was linked to the process in which they were designed. In comparison, the program for Kolkajen turned out to have more in common with form-based codes and design codes than the program for Henriksdalshamnen. The interview shed light on perspectives on the content of plans and programs, the context in which plans, and programs are produced and operate as well as views on form-based codes. The recommendations developed consisted of 19 aspects. These can be dealt with at an overall level for different area types in an architecture policy like Örebro’s architecture strategy. In addition, a table was developed with recommendations for what can be dealt with in detailed plans and quality programs depending on the location of the area in the city. The idea is that these should have a direct connection to the area types in the policy like form-based codes and design codes, but a more flexible one as the area type should be more precisely defined in the detail plan. This could offer a way for municipalities to act proactively instead of reactively to individual development proposals. Finally, the literature study also showed the advantages of applying simple, principled illustrations, which can be done to a greater extent in policies, programs, and detailed plans in Sweden.

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Khabbaz, Saberi Hamid. "Hydraulic characteristics and performance of stormwater pollutant trap respect to weir's height, flow gradients, pipe diameters and pollutant capture." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2143.

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The main focus of urban stormwater runoff disposal has traditionally been to provide structurally-sound drainage systems to carry runoff from many different surfaces without considering water quality at outfall. This has contributed to the decline of water quality in rivers and lakes and other receiving bodies. According to Lord (1987), "stormwater management is primarily concerned with limiting future flood damages and environmental impacts due to development, where as flood control aims at reducing the extent of flooding that occurs under current conditions". Recent developments in stormwater pollutant trap (SPTs), which are generally end-of-the-line devices designed to capture and store gross pollutants, for subsequent removal and disposal.During the last few decades, use of SPTs as a source of collecting and removing pollutants from stormwater (which carries many different types of chemicals and nonchemical pollutants that contaminates our rivers, lakes and other receiving bodies) has increased considerably. Wide-ranging efforts and attempts have been made in both academic and industrial research to improve the quality of stormwater by improving the use of gross pollutant traps (GPTs – known as hydrodynamic separators) by utilising and improving available experimental and modelling techniques. The use of vortex phenomena has always been a challenging problem and available data is rare and complicated in the literature. This research focuses on detailed investigation by experimental means. The generated vortex in this experiment is created in a cylindrical chamber above the level of a cylindrical screening basket. In addition, the research analyses the processes involved in this separation technique.One scale model of a Versa Trap (Type A) was experimentally analysed to investigate and establish the relationship between headloss and flow rate and hydraulic characteristics of a weir in a diversion weir pit. The Versa trap Type A storm pollutant traps are usually used as off-line traps in city and urban areas to capture and store debris – especially those which are captured from surfaces such as rooftops, paved streets, highways, parking lots, lawns, and paved and gravelled roads (Allison et al., 1998). The Versa Trap Type A utilises an upstream diversion weir pit to divert the design treatment flow (DTF) into the treatment chamber. Treated flow returns to the diversion pit downstream of the weir, where it re-enters the drainage system. Peak flow in excess of the DTF bypasses the SPT over the weir into the pipeline downstream.It has been demonstrated that the aggregate of all flows of three months average recurrence interval (ARI) and less represented the majority (up to 97.5%) of the total flow generated by a stormwater drainage catchment (Works, 2006). There is some conjecture as to the veracity of the ‘first flush’ theory, which holds that most of the pollutants in the catchments are transported during the first flush of the storm event (Lee et al., 2007). However, it is generally accepted that SPTs should be sized so as to treat only a portion of the peak flow, with excess flows bypassing the trap. The three month ARI peak flow is commonly taken as appropriate for establishing the minimum DTF required of the SPT.The measurement of headloss across a scale model of a VT Type A storm pollutant trap at a range of flow rates through the SPT, provide data from which a mathematical relationship between flow rate and the headloss cab be established for the device.The resultant relationship then can be used in another part of the experiment to establish the hydraulic characteristics of a weir across a cylindrical chamber, as used for the upstream diversion weir pit in conjunction with the Type A VT range of SPTs. By varying the weir height in a scale model of a diversion weir pit and measuring the flow rates associated with headlosses determined from the previously established relationship, the relationship between weir height and diverted flow can be established. This allows the designer to specify the weir height required to divert the flow rate associated with a specific peak flow or treatment flow of SPT design.Two main characteristics which determine the performance of a gross pollutant trap are trapping efficiency and required maintenance. The trapping efficiency is defined as the portion of the total mass of gross pollutant transported by stormwater that is retained by the trap. A low trapping efficiency means that gross pollutants pass through the trap and reach downstream waters. A poorly-maintained trap will be inefficient at trapping pollutants and is also a potential source of pollutants as trapped materials break down.The experiment parts of this project were tested at Curtin University of Technology’s Hydraulic Laboratory. To replicate typical in-situ conditions, the VT Type A was tested for 0, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66 and 77% simulated blocked screen conditions for trapping efficiency. Data analysis has demonstrated that the headloss increases in proportion to flow rates and screen blockage condition. The results were scaled up to provide data on the full range of unit sizes. This research describes the testing and scaling methodologies in detail, with graphical representation of headloss and other hydraulic parameters at various conditions. The study’s findings have capabilities to optimise any other types of stormwater treatment systems. These types of traps’ are used in commercial and residential environment.This experiment is in continuation of the experiment which was conducted by Muhammad Ismail on industrial gross pollutant traps using double basket to trap the debris for industrial application.Also another good reference for pollutant build up and wash off modelling of impervious surfaces in Perth area, is done by Saadat Ashraf in his PhD thesis. For more information refer to references.

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Barton-Verdi, Michele A. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMATIC DISCHARGE PLANNING PROCESS FOR THE CARE OF COPD PATIENTS IN A SMALL URBAN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1623883152504604.

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Alsarawi, Noura. "Design of Low Impact Development and Green Infrastructure at Flood Prone Areas in the City of Miami Beach, FLORIDA, USA." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3739.

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This thesis investigates the effectiveness of Low Impact Development Infrastructure (LIDI) and Green Infrastructure (GI) in reducing flooding resulting from heavy rainfall events and sea-level rise, and in improving stormwater quality in the City of Miami Beach (CMB). InfoSWMM was used to simulate the 5, 10, and 100-year, 24-hour storm events, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings, and in evaluating the potential of selected LIDI and GI solutions in North Shore neighborhood. Post-development results revealed a decrease of 48%, 46%, and 39% in runoff, a decrease of 57%, 60%, and 62% in TSS, a decrease of 82%, 82%, and 84% in BOD, and a decrease of 69%, 69%, and 70% in COD loadings. SWMM 5.1 was also used to simulate the king tide effect in a cross section in Indian Creek Drive. The proposed design simulations successfully demonstrated the potential to control flooding, showing that innovative technologies offer the city opportunities to cope with climate impacts. This study should be most helpful to the CMB to support its management of flooding under any adaptation scenarios that may possibly result from climate changes. Flooding could be again caused as a result of changes in inland flooding from precipitation patterns or from sea-level rise or both.

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Šmídová, Kristina. "Zeleň jako ozdravný prvek budov i měst." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409960.

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Tato práce se zaměřuje na představení městské zeleně jako důležitý prvek udržitelné výstavby, a především jako prvek, který zbavuje okolní vzduch znečištění a přispívá k lepšímu prostředí ve městech. Dále se tato diplomová práce zabývá vztahem mezi městskou zelení a znečištěním ovzduší oxidem uhličitým v Brně. Ve městě byla prováděná měření koncentrací oxidu uhličitého, kyslíku a sekundárních veličin po dobu půl roku od června do listopadu roku 2019. Měření byla prováděna na čtyřech místech v Brně a dále tato data byla mezi sebou porovnána. Dále byla navrhnuta zelená opatření. Ve dvou vybraných lokalitách v Brně byly vybrány střechy, na které byla navrhnuta extenzivní zelená střecha.

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Baudry, Pagnac Héloïse. "L’intégration de la prévention de la malveillance aux démarches de qualité environnementale de l’espace public." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14868.

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La prévention de la malveillance par l’urbanisme et la construction permet de prendre en compte plus spécifiquement le sentiment d’insécurité et participe ainsi du confort des usagers de l’espace public. Au-delà, c’est la qualité de l’espace public et sa durabilité qui sont ainsi prises en compte. Aujourd’hui, avec le développement des éco-quartiers et la mise en place de différences démarches de qualité environnementale, il apparaît particulièrement nécessaire de prendre en compte la malveillance à travers ces démarches afin d’optimiser la qualité des espaces publics. Ainsi le sujet de la thèse est-il d’intégrer la prévention de la malveillance aux démarches de qualité environnementale de l’espace public. La prévention de la malveillance et l’aménagement durable ont des origines différentes : l’une est issue de la prévention de l’insécurité et l’autre du développement durable. Cependant, ces derniers ont un terrain d’actions commun : la ville. Nous avons développé une méthodologie qui articule la prévention de la malveillance et l’aménagement durable dans le cadre d’un projet urbain, en nous appuyant sur différentes démarches et approches environnementales, ainsi que sur des Études de Sûreté et de Sécurité Publiques (ESSP) Crime prevention through urban design and planning includes specifically the feeling of safety and contributes to the users’ comfort in public spaces. Beyond, the quality of life in public spaces and sustainability are taken into account in crime prevention. Today, in a perspective of sustainability and green approach, this research shows that it is necessary to considerer crime prevention combined with a sustainable approach for public spaces. Crime prevention and sustainable design have different origins : one is based on criminology applied to urban design and the other is based on sustainability. However, they both work on the same case study : the city. We have developed a specific methodology which gathers crime prevention and a sustainable approach for urban design. This methodology therefore mixes different green approaches with the French law on crime prevention to analyse and improve the interventions in the urban areas

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Deguilhem, Thibaud. "Revisiter le marché du travail urbain en Amérique Latine : segmentation, réseaux sociaux et qualité de l'emploi à Bogota." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0258/document.

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Dans le contexte latino-américain, façonné par une urbanisation rapide, de fortes inégalités et une faiblesse des institutions de placement de la main d’oeuvre, les problématiques liées à la structure du marché du travail et à l’effet des dispositifs d’intermédiation relationnelle sur les performances dans l’emploi apparaissent fondamentales. Cette thèse se propose de décrire la structure du marché du travail et d’analyser les effets des réseaux de relations sur la qualité de l’emploi et les performances des actifs occupés à Bogota (Colombie). Elle adopte une démarche de recherche pluridisciplinaire reposant sur un cadre d’analyse socioéconomique et institutionnaliste. Dans une première partie, une réflexion théorique et analytique est tout d’abord conduite autour de la notion de qualité de l’emploi envisagée comme un nouvel indicateur de performance. Au prisme de la théorie de la segmentation du marché du travail, l’analyse de ce nouvel indicateur permet d’envisager les logiques et les effets différentiés du recours aux relations sociales. À partir de données quantitatives (enquête ménage geih de 2013) et qualitatives (entretiens collectifs), l’analyse exploratoire multidimensionnelle, économétrique et compréhensive permet de vérifier que : (i.) la qualité de l’emploi traduit une structure fortement polarisée du marché du travail à Bogota, (ii.) l’usage des relations est associé différemment à la qualité de l’emploi des travailleurs en fonction de leur segment, des réseaux de nécessité (segment vulnérable) s’opposant à des réseaux d’opportunité (segment protégé). Dans une seconde partie, s’appuyant sur les théories de l’encastrement et de la sociologie des réseaux, la thèse se propose d’explorer plus précisément les effets des différentes dimensions, configurations et mécanismes de réseau de relations personnelles sur les performances dans l’emploi. À partir d’un système spécifique d’enquêtes mixtes déployé à Bogota entre 2016 et 2018 des données originales de réseaux égocentrés ont été collectées. Les analyses statistiques multidimensionnelles et économétriques ainsi que l’analyse des narrations quantifiées mettent en évidence que : (i.) la combinaison entre un réseau potentiel étendu et un réseau actif cohésif augmente le temps de recherche mais aussi la probabilité de trouver un emploi plus satisfaisant, (ii.) la force des liens apparaît contextualisée et est corrélée négativement avec le revenu et positivement avec l’évolution de ce dernier entre deux emplois, (iii.) au cours des trajectoires professionnelles des acteurs, les ressources nécessaires et les relations permettant d’y accéder se différencient nettement en fonction du type de changement d’emploi (incrémental ou radical) In the Latin American context, shaped by rapid urbanization, high inequalities and the weakness of labor institutions, issues related to the structure of the labor market and the effect of relational intermediation on job performance appear fundamental. This thesis aims to describe the structure of employment and analyzes the effects of social networks on the quality of employment and the performance of workers in Bogota’s labor market (Colombia). This work adopts a multidisciplinary research approach based on a socioeconomic and institutionalist framework. In the first part, a theoretical and analytical reflection is conducted through the notion of quality of employment, to overcome the classical typologies commonly used in developing countries. From this perspective, quality of employment can be seen as a new performance indicator grasped through the prism of the labor market segmentation theory, making possible to consider the rationales and the differential effects produced by the use of social networks. Subsequently, based on quantitative data from the household survey (geih, 2013) supplemented by information collected through focus groups, the multidimensional, econometric and comprehensive exploratory analysis allows to empirically verify that : (i.) quality of employment reflects a strongly polarized structure of the labor market in Bogota, (ii.) the use of social networks is associated differently with the quality of employment of workers according to their segment ; opposing necessity networks (for the vulnerable segment) and opportunity networks (for the protected segment). Based on the theories of the embeddedness and the sociology of networks, the second part of this thesis proposes to explore the dimensions, configurations and mechanisms of different types of social networks to get a job. Using original data on egocentric networks collected from a specific mixed survey system deployed in Bogota between 2016 and 2018, the empirical results from multidimensional and econometric analyzes and, the application of quantified narratives method demonstrate that : (i.) the combination of an extended potential network and a cohesive active network increases the search time but also the probability of finding a satisfactory job, (ii.) the strength of ties appears contextualized and negatively correlated with income but positively with its evolution between the last and the current job, (iii.) during the actors’ labor market trajectories, the necessary resources for changing job and the relationships to access them are clearly differentiated by the type of evolution (incremental or radical)

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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Livable Communities." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9515.

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What makes a community sustainable? Is it the effective management of local environmental resources? Or meeting the social, economic and health needs of its population? For the five UBC researchers in the following pages, the answer is unequivocally both. From tackling water scarcity to environmental health and planning, these researchers are individually working to ensure local communities are equipped with the necessary knowledge to remain sustainable for generations to come.

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Saint-Guillain, Michael. "Models and algorithms for online stochastic vehicle routing problems." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI068.

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Quels seront les objectifs et défis des métropoles de demain ? La plupart des problèmes issus du monde réel sont sujets à l'inconnu, nécessitant de prendre de nouvelles décisions de façon dynamique, à la demande, en fonction des évènements aléatoires qui se réalisent. Dans cette thèse, nous nous attaquons à un problème majeur, du moins en perspectives: la gestion dynamique d'une flotte de véhicules en contexte urbain. Les applications pratiques des tournées de véhicules à la demande sont nombreuses, incluant les transports publics intelligents, les services de livraison, les soins et interventions à domicile, etc. Étant donnés une flotte de véhicules et un ensemble de clients, chacun pouvant potentiellement et à tout moment émettre une requête nécessitant une intervention, l'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir une réponse à la question suivante. Étant donné l'état courant à un moment donné, comment gérer notre flotte de véhicules afin de maximiser l'espérance du nombre total de requêtes satisfaites à la fin de la journée ? Ou encore, comment minimiser l'espérance du délai moyen d'intervention de nos véhicules ? Bien entendu, la difficulté réside en ce que la plupart des requêtes, avant d'apparaître dynamiquement, ne sont pas connues. Pour chaque problème, nous considérons qu'il nous est fourni une connaissance, sous forme d'information probabiliste, telle que la probabilité qu'une requête apparaisse à un certain endroit, et à un certain moment de la journée. Grâce à des techniques issues de la recherche opérationnelle et de la programmation stochastique, nous sommes en mesure de construire et résoudre des modèles calculant les actions anticipatives les plus adéquates, comme le redéploiement préventif des véhicules, minimisant le coût total espéré, ou encore maximisant la qualité de service. La question de l'optimisation sous incertitude se pose depuis déjà plusieurs décennies. Grâce aux avancées à la fois théoriques et technologiques, nous sommes chaque jour un peu plus en mesure de palier à l'inconnu. Cependant, la plupart des problèmes intéressants restent extrêmement difficiles à résoudre, si ce n'est impossible. Il reste beaucoup à faire. Cette thèse explore certains concepts fondamentaux de l'optimisation sous incertitude. En intégrant une composante stochastique aux modèles à optimiser, nous verrons ensemble comment il est en effet possible de créer de l'anticipation What will be tomorrow's big cities objectives and challenges? Most of the operational problems from the real world are inherently subject to uncertainty, requiring the decision system to compute new decisions dynamically, as random events occur. In this thesis, we aim at tackling an important growing problem in urban context: online dynamic vehicle routing. Applications of online vehicle routing in the society are manyfold, from intelligent on demand public transportation to sameday delivery services and responsive home healthcare. Given a fleet of vehicles and a set of customers, each being potentially able to request a service at any moment, the current thesis aims at answering the following question. Provided the current state at some moment of the day, which are the best vehicle actions such that the expected number of satisfied requests is maximized by the end of the operational day? How can we minimize the expected average intervention delays of our mobile units? Naturally, most of the requests remain unknown until they appear, hence being revealed online. We assume a stochastic knowledge on each operational problem we tackle, such as the probability that customer request arise at a given location and a given time of the day. By using techniques from operations research and stochastic programming, we are able to build and solve mathematical models that compute near-optimal anticipative actions, such as preventive vehicle relocations, in order to either minimize the overall expected costs or maximize the quality of service. Optimization under uncertainty is definitely not a recent issue. Thanks to evolution of both theoretical and technological tools, our ability to face the unknown constantly grows. However, most of the interesting problems remain extremely hard, if not impossible, to solve. There is still a lot of work. Generally speaking, this thesis explores some fundamentals of optimization under uncertainty. By integrating a stochastic component into the models to be optimized, we will see how it is in fact possible to create anticipation

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Fournel, Julien. "Systèmes extensifs de gestion et de traitement des eaux urbaines de temps de pluie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20111/document.

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La gestion des eaux urbaines de temps de pluie est devenue une priorité depuis quelques années, au regard des problématiques d'inondations et de pollutions des cours d'eau qui remettent en cause l'atteinte des objectifs de la DCE. En outre, les filtres plantés de roseaux sont reconnus comme des solutions fiables pour le traitement des eaux usées depuis plus de 20 ans. Par ailleurs, leur adaptation à d'autres types d'effluents a été mise en place récemment (traitement tertiaire, effluents dilués, lits de séchage de boues), et la gestion des eaux de temps de pluie s'inscrit dans le cadre de cette extension de fonction. Bien que ce système combine à la fois des capacités de stockage et de traitement, Uhl et Dittmer (2005) ont mis en avant des dysfonctionnements (mort des roseaux en période sèche, chutes de performances). Ces auteurs soulignent aussi la nécessité d'optimiser les règles et outils de dimensionnement.Le projet SEGTEUP vise donc, via un suivi sur pilotes de grande taille et une modélisation hydrodynamique, à fournir des règles de conception à intégrer dans un futur outil de conception simplifié, utilisable à l'échelle du territoire français. L'étude des pilotes vise donc à tester différents matériaux et conceptions, alors que la modélisation met en évidence les principaux paramètres d'influence de l'écoulement. Au final, la filtration apparaît comme le principal processus d'élimination de la pollution organique et des micropolluants, alors que l'adsorption de la matière organique dissoute est négligeable. Par ailleurs, l'emploi d'un matériau à forte capacité d'adsorption (zéolite) accroît considérablement les capacités de rétention de l'ammonium. L'utilisation de tels matériaux est particulièrement recommandée en cas de charges en ammonium particulièrement élevées ou de faible surface disponible. Enfin, l'étude de l'hydrodynamique montre que l'écoulement, ainsi que l'adsorption et les réactions de biodégradation, sont fortement influencés par la limitation du débit de fuite (temps de rétention, particulièrement pendant la phase saturée). Par ailleurs, la structure d'alimentation doit permettre une répartition homogène de l'influent à la surface du massif pour éviter les court-circuits hydrauliques et les volumes morts. La construction d'un modèle 1D a enfin été mise en oeuvre, mais celui-ci ne permet pas de faire des prédictions, car la couche virtuelle simulant la limitation du débit de fuite doit être calée lors de chaque événement simulé. Une adaptation 2D du modèle, la prise en compte de lois de vannes et pertes de charges singulières, ainsi qu'un couplage filtre-réseau doit permettre la finalisation de cet outil Urban runoff management has become a priority for many years, regarding the issues of flooding and water course pollution that jeopardize the objectives of the European Framework Directive 2000/60/CE. As an extensive technique, subsurface flow constructed wetlands have proved to be reliable solutions for the treatment of sewage, and have been used for more than 20 years. Their adaptation to other types of functions or effluents has even been implemented over the last ten years (tertiary treatment, dilute effluents, sludge drying reed beds), and the management of urban runoff is part of this extension process. Despite this system combines both storage and treatment capacities, (Uhl and Dittmer, 2005) highlight dysfunctions as reed death during long rest periods or performance losses. These authors also underline the needs in optimizing design rules and tools.Then, the SEGTEUP project combines a large-scale pilot monitoring and hydrodynamic modeling, aiming at providing some basis for the implementation of a reliable design tool, applicable over the entire French territory. Then, the pilot study aimed at testing different materials and filter configurations, while a mechanistic approach was implemented to highlight the main flow influence parameters.Anyway, filtration of suspended solids appears as the major pollutant removal process, allowing the retention of at least 70% of SS and associated pollutants whatever the material considered. Nevertheless, dissolved organic matter adsorption remains negligible, while ammonium elimination is poor for the coarsest material. In the opposite, adsorbent zeolite present high ammonium retention abilities and ensures constantly low discharge levels. The use of this material is particularly recommended in case of specific issues concerning high pollutant loads or low available surface area. Furthermore, micropollutants (metals and PAHs) mainly bound with particles, are highly removed by filtration of SS. In our study, dissolved micropollutants concentrations were too low to highlight robust conclusions. However, further research are needed to better understand metals retention and release, and PAHs degradation processes, since these mechanisms are strongly dependent of pH and redox conditions and dynamics. Finally, the study of hydrodynamics shows that the throttle value influences adsorption and degradation reactions through variations in hydraulic retention time, particularly during saturated phases. On the other hand, the feeding structure is of special importance since a homogenous distribution of influent at the filter surface is needed to avoid hydraulic shortcuts and corresponding dead volumes. Finally, a HYDRUS 1D model was implemented around urban runoff issues, but cannot be used as a predictive design tool. Indeed, the throttle value, represented by a virtual layer with low conductivity, must be re-calibrated for each simulated event. Then, a 2D adaptation of the model is required, as well as the integration in the HYDRUS code of appropriate singular head losses as boundary conditions. In the end, the developed simplified model of water flow and pollutant degradation should be coupled with a sewer system model, aiming at creating a flexible and adaptable design tool

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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.

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Stewart, Justin Thomas. "The relationship between urban design, water quality, and quality of life." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22562.

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This report uncovers relationships between water quality and quality of life (QOL) through urban design. It shows that Smart Growth (a type of urban design) is a reasonable management practice for stormwater that can also positively affect our quality of life. This study is meant to support and inspire further research on how to link quantitative measurements of QOL with quantitative measurements of water quality through urban design characteristics. The report will introduce an ongoing study by PhD candidate, Suzanne Pierce, as her and her team currently combine water quantity/quality science with decision making. They are using the stakeholder process I served on, The Barton Springs Regional Water Quality Plan 2005, as a test bed for their creation. My hope is that this study will serve as a collection of data that Pierce’s group can draw from as they get closer to illustrating design choices for stakeholders as well as linking those choices to water quality and QOL. text

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Soltani, Ali. "Urban design quality, neighbourhood urban form and travel behaviour: case studies of four Adelaide suburbs." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/29835.

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This thesis presents the results from a comparative study of travel patterns among residents of four suburban residential areas in metropolitan Adelaide. Using existing datasets together with inventory data of urban environment characteristics from original fieldwork, this research examines to what extent there are associations between various attributes of a particular urban location as they relate to travel behaviour and household socio-economics. The findings derived from quantitative and qualitative methods suggest that urban form/design must be taken into consideration in policy making for mobility reduction.

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Hyland, AJ. "A strategic partnership promoting water sensitive urban design to the southern Tasmanian community." Thesis, 2007. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20636/1/whole_HylandAnthonyJohn2006_thesis.pdf.

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The United Nation's 1992 action plan for sustainability, Agenda 21, focussed international attention on the need for integrated management of freshwater resources. The goal of such management is twofold: to ensure adequate supplies of water of good quality are maintained for the entire human population while preserving the regenerative capacity of ecosystems. Although this goal was not new, Agenda 21 marked an important shift in awareness towards the need for such management in urban environments. Since this time, Water Sensitive Urban Design (XX/SUD) has emerged as a vital element of integrated water management in many countries, including Australia. An inter-related set of planning, design and engineering approaches, WSUD treats stormwater as a resource rather than a nuisance. In contrast to conventional conveyance approaches, WSUD maximises stormwater retention and reuse as a way of conserving water resources and reducing pollutant loads into ecological systems. The adoption of WSUD as a default urban management practice is, however, highly dependent on government authorities, industry and urban residents. Developing the capacity of these groups to understand, implement and promote WSUD is of critical importance in achieving urban sustainability. This thesis reviews several current strategies for enhancing this capacity in Australia, before providing a detailed case study of a project partnership promoting the benefits of WSUD in Southern Tasmania. Particular attention is given to barriers to the uptake of WSUD within the plumbing industry. It is concluded that the case study partnership has achieved most of its stated objectives. More creative approaches are required, however, to develop the capacity of plumbers to act as WSUD practitioners. Equally, new approaches are needed to build the capacity of local government to embed WSUD within planning frameworks.

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Su, Wei-Chia, and 蘇瑋佳. "A Study on Improving Visual Quality with Perpendicular Greening Design at Urban Streets." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65867522538283557405.

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Shin, Jaeyong. "The economic effect of urban design quality and physical features on the land price in the commercial area in Austin, Texas." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22559.

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Many people have realized that urban design is one of the most important features to determine the real estate price. However, there are rare studies to explain the effect of urban design on the real estate price due to its intangible characteristic. This study is intended to demonstrate the relationship between land prices in the commercial area and urban design quality and physical features of lands using the hedonic price model. First, physical features that affected the real estate price are analyzed through literature reviews. Next, by literature reviews, the study to measure urban design quality quantitatively is also introduced. Then, urban design quality of 14 subject streets in Austin, Texas is evaluated using the measurement instrument after selecting 14 subject streets among all of Austin streets. Finally, the explanation model to demonstrate the relationship between the land price, and urban design quality and physical features is built by the hedonic price model. The model displays that urban design quality has a great influence on the land price in commercial areas in Austin, Texas. In addition, the influence of urban design quality is revealed largely in comparison to other physical features. The significance of this study is to analyze and demonstrate what we intuitively believe by statistical and quantitative methods. text

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Yun, Jihye. "Making place." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22826.

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As cities across the world have grown and continue to grow in many ways and for many reasons, it is anticipated that the growth of population will come from all over the world. In turn, it will influence on our urban environment economically, socially, culturally, and ecologically. Like other cities, London is making a plan -creating 326,000 new homes and 776,000 jobs - to tackle issues of the city. A series of new emerging developments across London will contribute to the changing face of the city. A lot of interventions spreading through the city are focused on the economic forces and to take advantages of real estate of London by projecting offices, apartment which is mostly market-housing, and hotels. They swept away existing contexts and replaced with higher density buildings obtaining large profits, building high rise, filling gaps between buildings with gated car parks on the ground floors, and building over open spaces. Ground floors remain blind, and tall office blocks make the overshadowed open square inhospitable and wind turbulence. Most initiatives do not seem to contribute to urban life, but may possibly become the slums of tomorrow. Now, it is time to think about how to make sense of an environment which is safe, pleasant and healthy with a sense of identity, and how to contribute to neighborhoods, visitors and new comers. In dense inner city area, since place is an invitation where neighborhood meets city, urban design must meet needs of commuters, visitors, travelers, and residents equally by combining place, amenity, and movement. Therefore, this study is to investigate ‘How city’s agenda combine with, and support local neighborhood needs’, and to redefine the quality of city life through qualities of comfort, accessibility, amenity, education, experience, and nature. text

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Dehais, Mary. "Bioretention: Evaluating their Effectiveness for Improving Water Quality in New England Urban Environments." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/595.

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Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is one of the leading causes of water quality problems in the United States. Bioretention has become one of the more frequently used stormwater management practices for addressing NPS pollution in urbanized watersheds in New England. Yet despite increased acceptance, bioretention is not widely practiced. This study explores and evaluates the efficacy of bioretention for protecting urban water quality. This research found that numerous monitoring methods are used by researchers and industry experts to assess the effectiveness of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) practices that include bioretention. The two most common methods for analyzing and evaluating water quality data are pollutant removal efficiency and effluent quality. While effluent quality data is useful for characterizing classes of BMP treatment performance on a statistical basis, pollutant removal efficiency is more representative of the actual pollutant load being reduced by the stormwater treatment practice over time, and is used in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) assessments. However, despite this difference, monitoring is still arguably the best method for determining the effectiveness of stormwater treatment practices. Monitoring of bioretention performance results is needed to inform improvements to design standards and guidance to aid state and local municipalities in the proper selection of bioretention/stormwater controls. This study advocates for instituting fine-scale, “safe-to-fail” design experiments as part of an adaptive management process that is used to advance bioretention design guidance and future applications of monitoring practice(s) that target reduction of pollutants in downstream receiving waterbodies. This innovative approach could result in increased use of bioretention in New England urban environments.

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Liu, Chia-Chi, and 劉佳其. "Study on urban remodeling public and design zoning bonus from Environmental Quality Evaluation-Taking Taipei Zhong-Shan District as example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wj45ee.

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碩士 國立臺北科技大學 建築與都市設計研究所 97 The Urban Renewal purpose is enable to city function improve that improve the life quality. The Urban Renewal area and the Urban Renewal unit are obtain development’s chance. Improve life quality and raise living standards. Though implemented Urban Renewal case are amount of growth. But apply for zoning bonus project isn’t influence to regional development, cause regional hardware facility upgrade but life quality can’t raise. Violate the Urban Renewal’s original meanings that worsen the life quality. This study is by life quality Related literature of domestic and foreign. Collects entire Related project from Urban Renewal and Zoning bonus. Integrate Perceived value and Empirical analysis with Appraisal project, Evaluation of the Zhong-Shan district’s Urban Renewal case. The research goal is analysis the Urban Renewal public and design Zoning bonus Provides the public area facility whether to meet demand of the local resident. Discussion the essence benefit. Analyzes the question of the Zhong-Shan district develop and Urban Renewal zoning bonus. This research discovery, the Urban Renewal goal to upgrades the life quality but the zoning bonus provides the public welfare facility actually to be unable to meet the need. The question lies in : 1.Lacks the metropolis development targets, creates the local development confusion. 2.The Urban Renewal scale is small. Causes the benefit to reduce. 3.The populace cognition is insufficient, unable to condense the mutual recognition . 4.Zoning bonus not enough, unable to meet the need. Therefore the research reference related literature and the domestic and foreign case experience proposes the revision countermeasure. 1.Proposes the Zhong-Shan district development soal, plan for the local development countermeasure. 2.Using by phasing plan to guarantees the complete blocks development benefit. 3.Popularize people’s Urban Renewal knowledge, promotion the identity. 4.Increase the Zoning bonus project and filtering functionality causes it to suit local circum stances. This research expects to provision the Explicit development goal for Zhong-Shan district, displays the Urban Renewal original benefit, promotes the local life quality.

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Nichols, Brice G. "Energy and environmental contexts of cities, transportation systems, and emerging vehicle technologies : how plug-in electric vehicles and urban design influence energy consumption and emissions." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23587.

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This thesis is divided into two parts. The first evaluates the role of the built environment in life-cycle energy consumption, by comparing different neighborhood and city styles. Through a holistic modeling and accounting framework, this work identifies the largest energy-consuming sectors, among residential and commercial buildings, personal vehicles and transit trips, and supporting infrastructure (roads, sidewalks, parking lots, water pipes, street lighting). Life-cycle energy calculations include operational energy use (e.g., gasoline for vehicles, electricity and natural gas for buildings) and embodied energy used to produce materials and construct buildings and infrastructure. Case study neighborhoods in Austin, Texas, and larger-scale regional models suggest that building energy demands comprise around 50% of life-cycle energy demands, while transportation demands (from driving and infrastructure alike) contribute around 40%, across all cases. However, results also suggest that population density and average residential unit size play a major role in defining per-capita energy consumption. Operational demands made up about 90% of life-cycle energy demands, suggesting that v most urban energy savings can be obtained from reduced personal vehicle trips and more efficient vehicles and buildings. Case study comparisons suggest that neighborhoods and regions with greater density and higher share of multi-family housing units tend to reduce operational (and thus life-cycle) energy demands with less travel demand and decreased home and work energy use, per capita. The second part of this modeled plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) emissions impacts in Texas, by considering four possible vehicle adoption scenarios (where PEVs make up 1, 5, 10, and 25% of total passenger vehicles). The analysis anticipates PEV electricity demand and emissions rates, based on current Texas power grid data. Results indicate that PEV emissions depend significantly on which specific power plants are used to power the vehicles, but that PEVs' average per-mile emissions rates for NO[subscript x], PM, and CO₂ are all likely to be lower than today's average passenger car, when today's average mix is used. Power produced from 100% coal plants could produce 14 times as much NO[subscript x], 3,200 times as much SO₂, nearly 10 times as much CO₂ and CO₂eq, 2.5 times as much PM₁₀, and VOCs, and nearly 80 times the NO₂ compared to a grid with 100% natural gas plants. text

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Romagnoli, Mirko. "The Urban Canopy: dispositivi per la qualità urbana nello spazio pubblico della città contemporanea." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1174840.

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Il progetto di ricerca indaga il tema della loggia urbana nello spazio pubblico contemporaneo. Le strutture di copertura freestanding hanno trovato ampia diffusione nel panorama progettuale internazionale. Da un lato la copiosità delle sperimentazioni progettuali costituisce un ricco materiale di studio; dall’altra l’assenza di trattazioni scientifiche coerenti sull’argomento, la smisurata varietà delle possibilità materiali e tecnologiche offerte dalla cultura contemporanea e la complessità dei fenomeni che definiscono le criticità della città di oggi rappresentano gli elementi di rischio di questa esperienza scientifica. Nella consapevolezza che fare ordine in un contesto tanto magmatico rappresenti una scelta radicale ed insidiosa, la ricerca si pone l’obiettivo di individuare le ragioni e le possibilità di sviluppo legate alla diffusione di questa tipologia di dispositivo urbano. Per evitare ogni tipo di ambiguità che l’uso del termine loggia potrebbe creare in lingua italiana, si è scelto di battezzare l’oggetto della ricerca con l’espressione inglese Urban Canopy. L’assenza di una definizione scientifica dell’argomento di ricerca ha reso necessario rispondere in via preventiva alla più ovvia delle domande: che cos’è la loggia urbana? Con tali obiettivo si è scelto di procedere attraverso un’indagine di ordine tipologico. Gli stadi di avanzamento dell’analisi hanno però spontaneamente indotto la trattazione in una continua oscillazione tra ‘logico’ e ‘analogico’, tra elementi invarianti e varianti, tra metodo deduttivo e induttivo, ovvero muovendo sia da considerazioni teoriche generali tratte dall’antologia degli studi tipologici, sia astraendo dalle esperienze sensibili la varietà delle possibilità tecniche, materiali e funzionali. Con questo metodo si è cercato di ricostruire un immaginario iconografico quanto più ampio e universale, tale da definire sia un’interpretazione del fenomeno di diffusione del dispositivo urbano sia le sue potenzialità di uso. Con ciò si è inoltre tentato di superare la divisione tra ambiti disciplinari, facendo convivere in un’unica visione d’insieme istanze socio-culturali, innovazioni tecnologiche e questioni estetico-ambientali.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban design quality'

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