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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban drainage systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Alexandra Georgiana, Ioan, Iancu Iulian, and Anton Anton. "Modelling Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems." Revista Romana de Inginerie Civila/Romanian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37789/rjce.2022.13.2.1.

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2

Granata, Francesco. "Dropshaft cascades in urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 9 (February 1, 2016): 2052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.051.

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Dropshaft cascades are typical elements of sewer systems in steep urban catchment basins. The design of a dropshaft cascade, which is generally addressed as an optimization problem, also needs to consider the subsequent effects induced on the flow by the different elements of the cascade. Experimental research has been performed at the hydraulic engineering laboratory of the University of Cassino and Southern Lazio in order to investigate the basic flow patterns in a dropshaft cascade, with particular reference to energy dissipation and air entrainment. This research has shown that, regarding these aspects, a dropshaft cascade proved to be a more efficient solution of the single drop manhole with the same total drop height.

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3

Marsalek, J., T. O. Barnwell, W. Geiger, M. Grottker, W. C. Huber, A. J. Saul, W. Schilling, and H. C. Torno. "Urban Drainage Systems: Design and Operation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 12 (June 1, 1993): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0291.

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Design and operation of urban drainage systems are addressed in the context of the urban water system comprising drainage, sewage treatment plants and receiving waters. The planning and design of storm sewers are reviewed with reference to planning objectives, design objectives, flows and pollutant loads, sewer system structures and urban runoff control and treatment. The discussion of combined sewers focuses on hydraulic design of combined sewer systems, including combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures, and the use of CSO structures and storage in control of CSOs. The section on operation of sewer systems focuses on real time control, its feasibility, planning, design, operation and applications. Sewer system planning and design are generally conducted using computer modelling tools and procedures which are reviewed in the last section. A brief listing of selected models focuses on internationally used models. Finally, it was concluded that further improvements in environmental and ecological protection of urban waters is feasible only by consideration of urban drainage systems in conjunctions with sewage treatment and water quality in the receiving waters.

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4

Guo, Qizhong, and Charles C. S. Song. "Surging in Urban Storm Drainage Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 116, no. 12 (December 1990): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1990)116:12(1523).

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5

Cyr, Robert Y., and Paul Chiasson. "Modeling subsoil drainage systems for urban roadways." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-048.

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Water infiltration and seepage in a roadway infrastructure is modeled from a cross section design of a residential street used by the City of Moncton (Department of Engineering). Field hydraulic conductivity measurements necessary for the modeling are also presented. Benefits of having a subsoil drainage systems (perforated drainage pipe and drainage mat) are well demonstrated. Some drainage problems caused by insufficient hydraulic conductivity, segregation, and limits on gradation curves for the gravel base foundation, as specified by the City of Moncton, are also discussed.Key words: roadway design, subsoil drainage, seepage modeling, field permeability measurements.

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6

Nascimento, N., V. Cançado, and J. R. Cabral. "Taxing for stormwater drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 9 (November 1, 2005): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0331.

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This article evaluates the possibility of creating a tax for urban drainage in order to make the system self-financing. Average costs of implementation and maintenance of the services were used to individualize the charges and definition of the tax. The conventional drainage system was evaluated along with a source control alternative, water detention in tanks on the lot. The magnitude of the values being charged varies in function of the impermeable surface and the density of the urban area. Preserving creeks in natural conditions and using source control approach, are all options with the advantages of lower investment and smaller burden for the users.

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7

Birgani, Yaser Tahmasebi, and Farhad Yazdandoost. "Resilience in urban drainage risk management systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 169, no. 1 (February 2016): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.14.00043.

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8

Diogo, A. Freire, Godfrey A. Walters, E. Ribeiro de Sousa, and Victor M. Graveto. "Three-Dimensional Optimization of Urban Drainage Systems." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 15, no. 6 (November 2000): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0885-9507.00204.

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9

Ellis, J. B., B. J. D'Arcy, and P. R. Chatfield. "Sustainable Urban-Drainage Systems and Catchment Planning." Water and Environment Journal 16, no. 4 (November 2002): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2002.tb00418.x.

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10

O'Sullivan, John J., Michael Bruen, Padraig J. Purcell, and Fasil Gebre. "Urban drainage in Ireland - embracing sustainable systems." Water and Environment Journal 26, no. 2 (October 6, 2011): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2011.00282.x.

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11

Rauch, W., J. L. Bertrand-Krajewski, P. Krebs, O. Mark, W. Schilling, M. Schütze, and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Deterministic modelling of integrated urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 3 (February 1, 2002): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0059.

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Today, the main concepts required for describing the dynamics of drainage in an entire urban area are known and models are available that can reasonably simulate the behaviour of the urban water system. Still, such integrated modelling is a complex exercise not only due to the sheer size of the model, but also due to the different modelling approaches that reflect the history of the sub-models used and of the purpose they were built for. The paper reviews the state of the art in deterministic modelling, outlines experiences and discusses problems and future developments.

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12

Jia, Sitzenfrei, Rauch, Liang, and Liu. "Effects of Urban Forms on Separate Drainage Systems: A Virtual City Perspective." Water 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040758.

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The development of urban drainage systems is challenged by rapid urbanization; however, little attention is paid to the urban form and its effects on these systems. This study develops an integrated city-drainage model that configures typical urban forms and their associated drainage infrastructures, specifically domestic wastewater and rainwater systems, to analyze the relationship between them. Three typical types of urban forms were investigated: the square, the star, and the strip. Virtual cities were designed first, with the corresponding drainage systems generated automatically and then linked to a model herein called the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Evaluation was based on 200 random configurations of wastewater/rainwater systems with different structures or attributes. The results show that urban forms play more important roles on three dimensions of performance, namely economic efficiency, effectiveness, and adaptability, of the rainwater systems than of the wastewater systems. Cost is positively correlated to the effectiveness of rainwater systems among the different urban forms, while adaptability is negatively correlated to the other two performance dimensions. Regardless of the form, it is difficult for a city to make its drainage systems simultaneously cost-effective, efficient, and adaptable based on the virtual cities we investigated. This study could inspire the urban planning of both built-up and to-be-built areas to become more sustainable with their drainage infrastructure by recognizing the pros and cons of different macroscale urban forms.

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13

Seyedashraf, Omid, Andrea Bottacin-Busolin, and Julien J. Harou. "Many-Objective Optimization of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Urban Areas with Different Surface Slopes." Water Resources Management 35, no. 8 (June 2021): 2449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02840-4.

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AbstractSustainable urban drainage systems are multi-functional nature-based solutions that can facilitate flood management in urban catchments while improving stormwater runoff quality. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of sustainable drainage infrastructure has been limited to a narrow set of design objectives to simplify their implementation and decision-making process. In this study, the spatial design of sustainable urban drainage systems is optimized considering five objective functions, including minimization of flood volume, flood duration, average peak runoff, total suspended solids, and capital cost. This allows selecting an ensemble of admissible portfolios that best trade-off capital costs and the other important urban drainage services. The impact of the average surface slope of the urban catchment on the optimal design solutions is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of sustainable drainage types. Results show that different subcatchment slopes result in non-uniform distributional designs of sustainable urban drainage systems, with higher capital costs and larger surface areas of green assets associated with steeper slopes. This has two implications. First, urban areas with different surface slopes should not have a one-size-fits-all design policy. Second, spatial equality must be taken into account when applying optimization models to urban subcatchments with different surface slopes to avoid unequal distribution of environmental and human health co-benefits associated with green drainage infrastructure.

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14

Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., P. Willems, J. Olsson, S. Beecham, A. Pathirana, I. Bülow Gregersen, H. Madsen, and V. T. V. Nguyen. "Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: a review." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.251.

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A review is made of current methods for assessing future changes in urban rainfall extremes and their effects on urban drainage systems, due to anthropogenic-induced climate change. The review concludes that in spite of significant advances there are still many limitations in our understanding of how to describe precipitation patterns in a changing climate in order to design and operate urban drainage infrastructure. Climate change may well be the driver that ensures that changes in urban drainage paradigms are identified and suitable solutions implemented. Design and optimization of urban drainage infrastructure considering climate change impacts and co-optimizing these with other objectives will become ever more important to keep our cities habitable into the future.

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15

Butler, David, and Jonathan Parkinson. "Towards sustainable urban drainage." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0330.

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The issue of sustainable development is now high on the global agenda, but there is still a considerable degree of uncertainty in its definition, let alone implementation. The aim of this paper is to reappraise the provision of urban drainage services in the light of this current debate. The approach advocated is not to strive for the unattainable goal of completely sustainable drainage, rather to actively promote “less unsustainable” systems. To do this requires both an understanding of the long-term and widespread impacts of continuing current practices and an understanding of the implications of making changes. Sustainable urban drainage should: maintain a good public health barrier, avoid local or distant pollution of the environment, minimise the utilisation of natural resources (e.g. water, energy, materials), and be operable in the long-term and adaptable to future requirements. Three strategies are proposed that can be carried out immediately, incrementally and effectively and these are to reduce potable water “use”, to reduce and then eliminate the mixing of industrial wastewater with domestic waste, and to reduce and then eliminate the mixing of stormwater and domestic wastewater. A number of techniques are described which may allow adoption of these strategies, many of them small-scale, source control technologies. An incremental approach containing both high-tech and low-tech answers to appropriate problems is the most likely to be implemented but each case must be decided on its merits.

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16

Fryd, Ole, Torben Dam, and Marina Bergen Jensen. "A planning framework for sustainable urban drainage systems." Water Policy 14, no. 5 (June 5, 2012): 865–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.025.

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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) call for collaborative and interdisciplinary practices. The problem with this is the social and technical complexities involved, and the absence of a shared understanding of the challenge and the scope of integrated solutions. It is necessary to clarify the contributions and interactions between disciplines in order to achieve integrated planning and design of SUDS. This paper reviews the literature across disciplinary fields and outlines key messages and uncertainties within each discipline. The outcome is a framework comprising time, space and human values, as well as biophysical processes (e.g. engineering), spatial strategies (e.g. urban design) and adaptive strategies (e.g. management). It identifies the planning of SUDS as a collective learning process with continuous iterations between disciplines, while also reflecting the past, present and future of a specific site.

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17

Phillips, D. I. "A new litter trap for urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0091.

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Litter is generated in shopping areas and is washed or blown into stormwater drainage systems. These convey the litter to open water bodies leading to the accumulation of non-biodegradable litter on the banks and beaches of urban waterways and bay foreshores. The increasing public awareness of the problem prompted the State Government of Victoria to provide funding to develop an innovative patented litter trap known as the In-line Litter Separator (ILLS). The ILLS is retrofitted to the drainage system downstream of shopping areas and removes litter and other pollutants from the passing stormwater. In a two-year development program, ten prototypes were installed and tested in the Melbourne and metropolitan area. The results were so successful that the ILLS is now manufactured in Australia and overseas under license from Swinburne University. This paper presents the performance criteria, the design concepts, the outcomes of laboratory and hydrologic modelling and the analyses of prototype test results that led to the commercial production of the ILLS.

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18

Cluckie, I. D., A. Lane, and J. Yuan. "Modelling large urban drainage systems in real time." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (February 1, 1999): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0185.

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The interactions between rainfall and urban drainage systems (UDSs) are complex and must be considered as a whole in order to maximise control efficiency whilst at the same time achieving environmentally acceptable solutions. More rigorous standards, as a result of recent EU and UK legislation, are increasingly encouraging intervention in system management rather than more traditional passive procedures. To achieve these goals a global predictive real-time control (RTC) strategy is required, in which real-time flow prediction plays an important part in the provision of necessary first-hand information on system status in both current and predictive modes. This paper describes one such strategy, which differs from existing methods in the following ways: the novel way in which the UDS is represented; the algorithm used for model parameter identification; the strategies associated with the system output prediction; and the transfer function model used to represent the system. This transfer function model is a conceptually parameterised transfer function (CPTF) model, which by its nature falls into the category of lumped, dynamic, linear and conceptual although its structure takes the form of a non-conceptual transfer function model. The modelling approach is described as the RHINOS (Real-time urban Hydrological INfrastructure and Output modelling Strategy).

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19

Todeschini, S., S. Papiri, and C. Ciaponi. "Stormwater quality control for sustainable urban drainage systems." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v9-n2-196-210.

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20

Harremoës, P. "INTEGRATED AND STOCHASTIC FEATURES OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0001.

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An analysis has been made of the uncenainty of input parameters to detenninistic models, with emphasis on the models for the sewer system. For each parameter a sensitivity analysis and for all the parameters a Monte Carlo analysis has been made. The analysis reveals a very significant uncenainty that can be decreased; but cannot be eliminated as significant to engineering application. Stochastic models have a potential for dealing with these uncertainties. That applies also to the treatment plant and to the receiving water models. The three components in the system have been analysed as a whole. Examples show that an integrated analysis is required in order to find economically optimised solutions that comply with environmental standards.

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21

Maheepala, U. K., A. K. Takyi, and B. J. C. Perera. "Hydrological data monitoring for urban stormwater drainage systems." Journal of Hydrology 245, no. 1-4 (May 2001): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(01)00342-0.

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22

Delleur, Jacques W. "Hydraulics of Sediment Movement in Urban Drainage Systems." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 129, no. 4 (April 2003): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2003)129:4(251).

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23

Shutes, B., J. B. Ellis, D. M. Revitt, and L. N. L. Scholes. "Constructed wetlands in UK urban surface drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 9 (May 1, 2005): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0281.

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This paper presents the outcome of an inventory of planted wetland systems in the UK which are classified according to land use type and are all examples of sustainable drainage systems. The introduction of constructed wetlands to treat surface runoff essentially followed a 1997 Environment Agency for England and Wales report advocating the use of “soft engineered” facilities including wetlands in the context of sustainable development and Agenda 21. Subsequently published reports by the UK Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) have promoted the potential benefits to both developer and the community of adopting constructed wetlands and other vegetated systems as a sustainable drainage approach. In addition, the UK Environment Agency and Highways Agency (HA) have recently published their own design criteria and requirements for vegetative control and treatment of road runoff. A case study of the design and performance of a constructed wetland system for the treatment of road runoff is discussed. The performance of these systems will be assessed in terms of their design criteria, runoff loadings as well as vegetation and structure maintenance procedures. The differing design approaches in guidance documents published in the UK by the Environment Agency, CIRIA and HA will also be evaluated.

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24

Li, Guiyi, and Robert G. S. Matthew. "New Approach for Optimization of Urban Drainage Systems." Journal of Environmental Engineering 116, no. 5 (September 1990): 927–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1990)116:5(927).

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25

Andrés-Doménech, Ignacio, Jose Anta, Sara Perales-Momparler, and Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems in Spain: A Diagnosis." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052791.

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Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) were almost unknown in Spain two decades ago; today, urban drainage in the country is transitioning towards a more sustainable and regenerative management in a global context where green policies are gaining prominence. This research establishes a diagnosis of SUDS in Spain and examines the extent to which the country is moving towards the new paradigm in three dimensions: (a) the governance and social perception of the community, (b) the regulative background, and (c) the implementation and the technical performance of SUDS. The diagnosis identifies barriers that hinder the change. Then, we define the challenges that Spain has to face to overcome obstacles that delay the transition. Barriers to the governance sphere are related to the lack of involvement, knowledge, and organisational responsibilities. Within the regulative framework, the absence of national standards hinders the general implementation at the national scale, although few regional and local authorities are taking steps in the right direction with their own regulations. From the technical perspective, SUDS performance within the Spanish context was determined, although some shortcomings are still to be investigated. Despite the slowdown caused by the hard recession periods and the more recent political instability, SUDS implementation in Spain is today a fact, and the country is close to reaching the stabilisation stage.

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26

Maršálek, J., and D. Sztruhár. "Urban Drainage: Review of Contemporary Approaches." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0645.

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Recent developments in urban storm drainage are reviewed starting with rainfall/runoff processes, followed by discussions of combined sewage, drainage impacts on receiving waters, impact mitigation, hydroinformatics, regulatory programs and conclusions. The most promising trends in this field include improvements in spatial definition of rainfall data, runoff modelling with a limited number of model parameters and recognition of modelling uncertainties, analytical statistical modelling of runoff quality, advances in the understanding and modelling of sewer sediment transport, the use of biomonitoring and modelling in assessing drainage impacts on receiving waters, further refinement of best management practices for stormwater management, development of new processes for treatment of stormwater, experience with vortex combined sewer overflow structures and their applications in combination with other treatment devices, real time control of sewer system operation, advances in hydroinformatics leading to improvements in the integrated management and modelling of drainage systems, interfacing of drainage models with geographic information systems, and improved regulation of drainage effluents.

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27

Vojinovic, Z., S. Sahlu, A. S. Torres, S. D. Seyoum, F. Anvarifar, H. Matungulu, W. Barreto, D. Savic, and Z. Kapelan. "Multi-objective rehabilitation of urban drainage systems under uncertainties." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 5 (March 10, 2014): 1044–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.223.

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Urban drainage systems are subject to many drivers which can affect their performance and functioning. Typically, climate change, urbanisation and population growth along with aging of pipes may lead to uncontrollable discharges and surface flooding. So far, many researchers and practitioners concerned with optimal design and rehabilitation of urban drainage systems have applied deterministic approaches which treat input parameters as fixed values. However, due to the variety of uncertainties associated with input parameters, such approaches can easily lead to either over-dimensioning or under-dimensioning of drainage networks. The present paper deals with such issues and describes a methodology that has been developed to accommodate the effects of uncertainties into the design and rehabilitation of drainage systems. The paper presents a methodology that can take into account uncertainties from climate change, urbanisation, population growth and aging of pipes. The methodology is applied and tested on a case study of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The urban drainage network optimisation problem is posed as a multi-objective problem for which the objective functions are formulated to minimise damage costs and intervention costs. Two approaches were evaluated and the results show that both approaches are capable of identifying optimal Pareto fronts.

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28

Wang, Feng Zhou, Bao Hua Xu, Chen Ming Li, Jun Lin Qiu, Cong Liu, and Li Zhong Xu. "Design of Large Closed Loop Control Structure for Urban Drainage Systems in the Whole Optimizing Running Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1012.

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Urban drainage system involves urban surface runoff, drainage pipeline system and rivers and its dynamic behavior is driven both by natural and artificial forces. There is a lack of appropriate and progressive hydraulic dynamic models for whole urban drainage system, together with much difficulty in collecting operation data, and backwardness of operation control techniques, thereby causing the frequent occurrence of urban flooding, sewage overflow and high energy-consumption of the pump stations. Therefore, it is hard to guarantee the security, reliability and high-efficiency of the operation of the urban drainage networks. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a large closed-loop control system model to achieve multi-objective and comprehensive operation optimization of urban drainage networks, based on the design of a new control model of a progressive system of city runoffs, drainage pipeline network and river tunnels.

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29

Kändler, Nils, Ivar Annus, Anatoli Vassiljev, and Raido Puust. "Real time controlled sustainable urban drainage systems in dense urban areas." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.083.

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Abstract Stormwater runoff from urban catchments is affected by the changing climate and rapid urban development. Intensity of rainstorms is expected to increase in Northern Europe, and sealing off surfaces reduces natural stormwater management. Both trends increase stormwater peak runoff volume that urban stormwater systems (UDS) have to tackle. Pipeline systems have typically limited capacity, therefore measures must be foreseen to reduce runoff from new developed areas to existing UDS in order to avoid surcharge. There are several solutions available to tackle this challenge, e.g. low impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP) or stormwater real time control measures (RTC). In our study, a new concept of a smart in-line storage system is developed and evaluated on the background of traditional in-line and off-line detention solutions. The system is operated by real time controlled actuators with an ability to predict rainfall dynamics. This solution does not need an advanced and expensive centralised control system; it is easy to implement and install. The concept has been successfully tested in a 12.5 ha urban development area in Tallinn, the Estonian capital. Our analysis results show a significant potential and economic feasibility in the reduction of peak flow from dense urban areas with limited free construction space.

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30

Baptista, M., S. Barraud, E. Alfakih, N. Nascimento, W. Fernandes, P. Moura, and L. Castro. "Performance-costs evaluation for urban storm drainage." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0037.

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The design process of urban stormwater systems incorporating BMPs involves more complexity unlike the design of classic drainage systems for which just the technique of pipes is likely to be used. This paper presents a simple decision aid methodology and an associated software (AvDren) concerning urban stormwater systems, devoted to the evaluation and the comparison of drainage scenarios using BMPs according to different technical, sanitary, social environmental and economical aspects. This kind of tool is particularly interesting so as to help the decision makers to select the appropriate alternative and to plan the investments especially for developing countries, with important sanitary problems and severe budget restrictions.

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31

Yazdanfar, Zeinab, and Ashok Sharma. "Urban drainage system planning and design – challenges with climate change and urbanization: a review." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.207.

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Urban drainage systems are in general failing in their functions mainly due to non-stationary climate and rapid urbanization. As these systems are becoming less efficient, issues such as sewer overflows and increase in urban flooding leading to surge in pollutant loads to receiving water bodies are becoming pervasive rapidly. A comprehensive investigation is required to understand these factors impacting the functioning of urban drainage, which vary spatially and temporally and are more complex when weaving together. It is necessary to establish a cost-effective, integrated planning and design framework for every local area by incorporating fit for purpose alternatives. Carefully selected adaptive measures are required for the provision of sustainable drainage systems to meet combined challenges of climate change and urbanization. This paper reviews challenges associated with urban drainage systems and explores limitations and potentials of different adaptation alternatives. It is hoped that the paper would provide drainage engineers, water planners, and decision makers with the state of the art information and technologies regarding adaptation options to increase drainage systems efficiency under changing climate and urbanization.

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32

Chocat, B., P. Krebs, J. Marsalek, W. Rauch, and W. Schilling. "Urban drainage redefined: from stormwater removal to integrated management." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0251.

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Even though urban drainage has been practised for more than 5000 years, many challenges arising from growing demands on drainage still remain with respect to runoff quantity and quality; landscape aesthetics, ecology and beneficial uses; and operation of existing urban wastewater systems. Further advances can be achieved by adopting an integrated approach, optimal operation of the existing infrastructure, advanced pollution and runoff source controls, improved resilience of receiving waters, and adaptive water management. The specific research needs include new technologies and strategies for stormwater management, advanced treatment of urban wet-weather effluents, and tools for analysis and operation of drainage systems. High diversity of demands on, and region/site specific conditions of, urban drainage shapes the role of urban drainage experts – as mediators among the many stakeholders and fields involved.

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33

Starzec, Mariusz, Józef Dziopak, and Daniel Słyś. "An Analysis of Stormwater Management Variants in Urban Catchments." Resources 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9020019.

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In order to identify the most effective variants for reducing flood risk in cities and to provide protection for water resources, an in-depth study was carried out. The research results allowed for the identification of sustainable drainage infrastructure solutions that should be used to increase the efficiency of traditional drainage systems. The most effective solution turned out to be the simultaneous use of low impact development facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems (Variant IV). Applicationof this variant (maximum discharge QOmax = 246.39 dm3/s) allowed for the reduction of the peak flow by as much as 86% in relation to those values that were established in the traditional drainage system (maximum discharge QOmax = 1807.62 dm3/s). The use of Variant IV allowed for a combination of the advantages of low impact development (LID) facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems while limiting their disadvantages. In practice, the flow of rainwater from the catchment area to the drainage system was limited, the share of green areas increased, and the drainage system retention capacity grew. The proposed approach for reducing the increasing flood risk in cities and providing protection for water resources provides a structured approach to long-term urban drainage system planning and land use guidelines.

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Zhu, S., Q. Yang, and J. Shao. "AUTOMATIC GENERALIZABILITY METHOD OF URBAN DRAINAGE PIPE NETWORK CONSIDERING MULTI-FEATURES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (May 2, 2018): 2599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2599-2018.

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Urban drainage systems are indispensable dataset for storm-flooding simulation. Given data availability and current computing power, the structure and complexity of urban drainage systems require to be simplify. However, till data, the simplify procedure mainly depend on manual operation that always leads to mistakes and lower work efficiency. This work referenced the classification methodology of road system, and proposed a conception of pipeline stroke. Further, length of pipeline, angle between two pipelines, the pipeline belonged road level and diameter of pipeline were chosen as the similarity criterion to generate the pipeline stroke. Finally, designed the automatic method to generalize drainage systems with the concern of multi-features. This technique can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the generalization of drainage systems. In addition, it is beneficial to the study of urban storm-floods.

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See, Lay Shien, Luke Calo, Benjamin Bannon, and Aaron Opdyke. "An Open Data Approach to Mapping Urban Drainage Infrastructure in Developing Communities." Water 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071880.

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Urban flooding in developing countries represents a growing threat to sustainable development efforts, yet the tools needed to study these infrastructure systems in data-scarce environments are woefully inadequate. This study seeks to propose a standardized approach and methods for mapping urban drainage systems in developing communities. The research draws on a case study from the Philippines, which sought to conduct rapid elevation surveys and drainage assessments employing open source geographical information system (GIS) tools. We develop a standardized procedure for digitizing drainage systems using OpenStreetMap and Field Papers, as well as discuss applications of this data for drainage design. The results contribute to a methodological framework that can be replicated in other similar developing communities where study of urban drainage is needed for sustainable development and disaster risk reduction efforts.

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Grotehusmann, D., A. Khelil, F. Sieker, and M. Uhl. "Alternative Urban Drainage Concept and Design." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0674.

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A System of INterconnected Infiltration POnds and Trenches (SINIPOT) is presented as an alternative to classical solutions for the extension and/or renovation of urban drainage systems in Germany. In many cities, modifications of the existing drainage network have been necessitated by restrictive pollution laws. For a catchment in the City of Gelsenkirchen, long term simulations with a hydrologic transport model have been performed for three different sanitation solutions. The most important comparison criteria are the Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) quantities and the induced flow pattern in the receiving waters (a small creek).

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Nedergaard Pedersen, Agnethe, Jonas Wied Pedersen, Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez, Annette Brink-Kjær, Morten Borup, and Peter Steen Mikkelsen. "The Bellinge data set: open data and models for community-wide urban drainage systems research." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 10 (October 20, 2021): 4779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4779-2021.

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Abstract. This paper describes a comprehensive and unique open-access data set for research within hydrological and hydraulic modelling of urban drainage systems. The data come from a mainly combined urban drainage system covering a 1.7 km2 area in the town of Bellinge, a suburb of the city of Odense, Denmark. The data set consists of up to 10 years of observations (2010–2020) from 13 level meters, 1 flow meter, 1 position sensor and 4 power sensors in the system, along with rainfall data from three rain gauges and two weather radars (X- and C-band), and meteorological data from a nearby weather station. The system characteristics of the urban drainage system (information about manholes, pipes, etc.) can be found in the data set along with characteristics of the surface area (contour lines, surface description, etc.). Two detailed hydrodynamic, distributed urban drainage models of the system are provided in the software systems MIKE URBAN and EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The two simulation models generally show similar responses, but systematic differences are present since the models have not been calibrated. With this data set we provide a useful case that will enable independent testing and replication of results from future scientific developments and innovation within urban hydrology and urban drainage systems research. The data set can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.5029124 (Pedersen et al., 2021a).

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Jefferies, C., A. Duffy, N. Berwick, N. McLean, and A. Hemingway. "Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) treatment train assessment tool." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.463.

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This paper outlines a rationale and scoring system for the stormwater treatment train assessment tool (STTAT) which is a proposed regulatory tool for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). STTAT provides guidance and regulatory consistency for developers about the requirements of planners and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The tool balances the risks of pollution to the receiving water body with the treatment provided in a treatment train. It encourages developers to take SUDS into account early, avoiding any misunderstanding of SUDS requirements at the planning stage of a development. A pessimistic view on pollution risks has been adopted since there may be a change of land use on the development in the future. A realistic view has also been taken of maintenance issues and the ‘survivability’ of a SUDS component. The development of STTAT as a response to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive is explored, the individual scores being given in tabular format for receiving water and catchment risks. Treatment scores are proposed for single SUDS components as well as multiple components within treatment trains. STTAT has been tested on a range of sites, predominantly in Scotland where both development and receiving water information was known. The operational tool in use by SEPA is presented.

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De Paola, Francesco, Maurizio Giugni, and Francesco Pugliese. "A harmony-based calibration tool for urban drainage systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management 171, no. 1 (February 2018): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jwama.16.00057.

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Zhu, Zhihua, Zhihe Chen, Xiaohong Chen, and Peiying He. "Approach for evaluating inundation risks in urban drainage systems." Science of The Total Environment 553 (May 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.025.

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SCHMITT, T., M. THOMAS, and N. ETTRICH. "Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems." Journal of Hydrology 299, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2004): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(04)00374-9.

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Cembrano, G. "Optimal control of urban drainage systems. A case study." Control Engineering Practice 12, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(02)00280-0.

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Hellmers, S., N. Manojlovic, G. Palmaricciotti, and P. Fröhle. "Modelling decentralised systems for urban drainage and flood mitigation." Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2015.1128368.

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Berthelot, Curtis, Roberto Soares, Rielle Haichert, Diana Podborochynski, Duane Guenther, and Roanne Kelln. "Modeling the Structural Response of Urban Subsurface Drainage Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2282, no. 1 (January 2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2282-04.

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Wojtaszyn, Grzegorz, Tomasz Rutkowski, Wojciech Stephan, and Leszek Koziróg. "Urban drainage systems as important bat hibernacula in Poland." Fragmenta Faunistica 56, no. 1 (2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00159301ff2013.56.1.083.

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Dewals, Benjamin J., Pierre Archambeau, Bruno Khuat Duy, Sébastien Erpicum, and Michel Pirotton. "Semi-Explicit Modelling of Watersheds with Urban Drainage Systems." Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 6, no. 1 (January 2012): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2012.11015402.

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Casulli, Vincenzo, and Guus S. Stelling. "A semi-implicit numerical model for urban drainage systems." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 73, no. 6 (May 31, 2013): 600–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.3817.

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Alias, Muhamad Nurfasya, Muhammad Mujahid Muhammad, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa, and Aminuddin Ab. Ghani. "Hydraulic Analysis of Biochannels for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 68 (2016): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166808002.

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Barreto, Wilmer, Zoran Vojinovic, Roland Price, and Dimitri Solomatine. "Multiobjective Evolutionary Approach to Rehabilitation of Urban Drainage Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 136, no. 5 (September 2010): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000070.

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Mikovits, Christian, Franz Tscheikner-Gratl, Alrun Jasper-Tönnies, Thomas Einfalt, Matthias Huttenlau, Martin Schöpf, Heiko Kinzel, Wolfgang Rauch, and Manfred Kleidorfer. "Decision Support for Adaptation Planning of Urban Drainage Systems." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 143, no. 12 (December 2017): 04017069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000840.

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