Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urban ecology (Biology)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Urban ecology (Biology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban ecology (Biology)"

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Gladkov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich, and Olga Gladkova. "New directions of biology and biotechnology in urban environmental sciences." Chemical Industry 75, no. 6 (2021): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind211230034g.

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Living organisms and biological methods are widely used in recycling urban waste and improving the quality of the urban environment. Urban biology is a branch of biology that studies organisms living in cities. We propose using the new term "urban biotechnology". Urban biotechnology is the use of biotechnological methods to protect the urban environment and in urban energy. Urban biotechnology in the future may be included in the curriculum of the Master's degree programs "Biotechnology", "Ecology " (profile "Applied Ecology"), "Chemistry" (profile " ?hemistry of the urban environment "), and Chemical Engineering (profile "Chemical and Biochemical Engineering "). We consider it important to train specialists in the fields of urban biology and urban biotechnology. We hope that urban biotechnology and urban biology will become independent disciplines in the future.
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Pool, Richard F., Gregory D. Turner, and S. Anne Böttger. "Ecology Content in Introductory Biology Courses." American Biology Teacher 75, no. 8 (October 1, 2013): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2013.75.8.5.

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In recent years the need for ecological literacy and problem solving has increased, but there is no evidence that this need is reflected by increased ecology coverage at institutions of higher education (IHE) across the United States. Because introductory biology courses may serve to direct student interest toward particular biological categories such as ecology, time devoted to topics in these categories within introductory biology courses may be crucial for captivating student interest. In a 2009 survey, members of the National Association of Biology Teachers (NABT) College and University Sections identified 20 topics they considered essential for inclusion in introductory biology courses. The NABT members, acknowledging the importance of ecological concepts, considered two ecological topics essential. The present study evaluated the actual coverage of ecology and other topic categories compared to recommendations and according to location. For this purpose, lecture and lab syllabi were collected from 26 rural, suburban, and urban IHEs from the Mid-Atlantic region. Course content was divided into eight categories, including ecology, and percentages of total lecture and lab time per category were calculated. This actual coverage was compared to the NABT recommendations. Actual coverage of ecology was not significantly different from coverage recommended by the NABT members, whereas cell/molecular/biochemistry and evolution were lower and genetics, development, and taxonomy were higher than recommended. Course content was also compared by location, with no significant effect of institutional location on ecology coverage. We conclude that although students taking introductory biology courses in Mid-Atlantic IHEs are likely to receive the NABT’s recommended coverage of ecology instruction regardless of institutional location, actual ecology coverage has not increased, regardless of the increased need for ecological literacy.
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Pickett, Steward T. A., Mary L. Cadenasso, Matthew E. Baker, Lawrence E. Band, Christopher G. Boone, Geoffrey L. Buckley, Peter M. Groffman, et al. "Theoretical Perspectives of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Conceptual Evolution in a Social–Ecological Research Project." BioScience 70, no. 4 (February 26, 2020): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz166.

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Abstract The Earth's population will become more than 80% urban during this century. This threshold is often regarded as sufficient justification for pursuing urban ecology. However, pursuit has primarily focused on building empirical richness, and urban ecology theory is rarely discussed. The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) has been grounded in theory since its inception and its two decades of data collection have stimulated progress toward comprehensive urban theory. Emerging urban ecology theory integrates biology, physical sciences, social sciences, and urban design, probes interdisciplinary frontiers while being founded on textbook disciplinary theories, and accommodates surprising empirical results. Theoretical growth in urban ecology has relied on refined frameworks, increased disciplinary scope, and longevity of interdisciplinary interactions. We describe the theories used by BES initially, and trace ongoing theoretical development that increasingly reflects the hybrid biological–physical–social nature of the Baltimore ecosystem. The specific mix of theories used in Baltimore likely will require modification when applied to other urban areas, but the developmental process, and the key results, will continue to benefit other urban social–ecological research projects.
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Lundholm, Jeremy. "Ecology in the natural city: Testing and applying the Urban Cliff Hypothesis." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426230.

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The author is an assistant professor of Biology and Environmental Studies at Saint Mary's University, in Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada. His main research interests are in urban ecology, rock outrcrop ecosystems and the maintenance of plant biodiversity.
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Gladkov, Evgeny Aleksandrovich, and Olga Gladkova. "Urban chemistry as a new discipline exploring chemical and chemico-biological aspects of urban environment." Chemical Industry 76, no. 4 (2022): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind221204020g.

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Urban sciences can be divided into three directions: Natural, Humanities and Engineering. Within the fields of urban natural and urban engineering (technical) sciences, chemical and chemico-biological research take an important place. We propose using the new term "urban chemistry" (i.e. chemistry of the urban environment) focusing on the chemical aspects of the atmosphere, water bodies, and soil of cities. Urban chemistry is interconnected with urban ecology, toxicology and urban biology, and among the biological disciplines, it is particularly related to urban botany. Urban chemistry can be seen as a separate direction of urban natural sciences, which will significantly contribute to sustainable development of cities.
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Dedov, Ivaylo, Dilian Georgiev, Ulrich E. Schneppat, and Fabia Knechtle Glogger. "New data on the rare snail Soosia diodonta (A. Ferussac, 1821) (Gastropoda: Helicodontidae) in Bulgaria." Historia naturalis bulgarica 42, no. 9 (June 29, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.48027/hnb.42.091.

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In the present article, we summarised all known information on the species Soosia diodonta (A. Ferussac, 1821) from Bulgaria. A new locality in urban environment, photos of live animals and the reproductive system of the species are given. New information on its ecology and biology is provided.
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Branoff, Benjamin L. "Quantifying the influence of urban land use on mangrove biology and ecology: A meta-analysis." Global Ecology and Biogeography 26, no. 11 (October 5, 2017): 1339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12638.

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Larson, Doug W., Uta Matthes, Peter E. Kelly, Jeremy Lundholm, and John A. Gerrath. "The Urban Cliff Hypothesis and its relevance to ekistics." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426228.

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The Cliff Ecology Research Group (CERG), Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, has been in existence since 1985 when its members began working on the ecology of the Niagara Escarpment (fig. 1). In 1988 they discovered a stand of ancient trees growing on the cliffs and in 1989 they discovered that in fact the escarpment cliffs support the oldest and least disturbed forest ecosystem in Canada. Individual living trees older than 1,300 years are still present and the forest appears to be in steady state. CERG's work on the ancient trees led to the idea that cliffs serve as refuges for many species including ancient humans. That observation led to the development of the Urban Cliff Hypothesis that is described in this paper and was presented at the international symposion on " The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics, and also led to the recent book entitled The Urban Cliff Revolution.
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Angeoletto, Fabio. "Entrevista com Mark Fellowes: "We must learn to reduce our demands on the ecosphere, but I'm not sure that we're smart enough to do that" 26-29." Terr Plural 13, no. 3 (2019): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.13i3.0002.

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Dr. Mark Fellowes studied Zoology at Imperial College London (1995) and moved to Imperial’s Silwood Park campus to complete a Ph.D. in Evolutionary Biology (1998), followed by a brief post-doctoral position at the NERC Centre for Population Biology. He joined the University of Reading as a lecturer in Zoology (2000). Dr. Fellowes’ group work on human-wildlife interactions (People and Wildlife Research Group), asking how the choices people make have unforeseen consequences for species. Current projects include work on red kites, urban greening, cats and conservation, leopard ecology and urban butterfly population dynamics, and how the presence of mutualists affects plant-herbivore-enemy interactions in an urban context. The work of Dr. Fellowes’ research group has featured widely in national and international print and broadcast media, won a silver medal at the Chelsea Flower Show, and he has published two science books aimed at the general public
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Schell, Christopher J. "Urban Evolutionary Ecology and the Potential Benefits of Implementing Genomics." Journal of Heredity 109, no. 2 (January 13, 2018): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban ecology (Biology)"

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Lewis, Marty. "Exotic brown widows versus native black widows in urban southern California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523089.

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The brown widow spider Latrodectus geometricus was discovered in southern California in 2003, and anecdotal evidence suggested that native western black widow Latrodectus hesperus populations are declining due to L. geometricus, but there were no quantitative studies that tested potential mechanisms. I related species abundances to temperature, humidity, human population size, human home number and elevation. I also conducted laboratory experiments on competition for dwellings, prey consumption and capture web properties. Brown and black widow abundances were highest in coastal and desert parks, respectively. Unlike L. hesperus, L. geometricus abundances did not decrease from summer toarinter. Brown widow egg sacs were more abundant than black widows at coastal parks. Brown widow abundance and human population size were positively related. Black widow abundances were negatively correlated with humidity. Prey consumption and web structure did not differ between species, but brown widows were highly successful at displacing black widows from dwelling spaces under warm conditions.

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Collins, Rita. "Urban Coyote (Canis latrans) Ecology| Diet, Activity, and Habitat Use." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826343.

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Non-habituated coyotes (Canis latrans) avoid direct interactions with humans. Reliance on human food sources has been linked to gradual habituation, a precursor to conflict and attacks on domestic pets and humans. Diet and activity patterns of urban coyotes inhabiting natural fragments in Long Beach, CA were monitored through scat collection and camera trapping over a year (Aug 2016 – Aug 2017). Local urban coyotes are relying predominately on natural foods, with an increase in mammalian prey in the wet season and an increase in vegetation and insect consumption in the dry season. Anthropogenic items, food and food related inedible items, appeared in 14% of scats overall, with no significant seasonal change. Cat remains were found in 14% of scat samples, but only triggered cameras once throughout the 2,857 camera nights of the study. Coyote activity was centered on nights in both seasons, with greater dawn activity in the dry season, indicating an avoidance of peak human activity. This reliance on natural foods and avoidance of human activity reduces the opportunities for human-wildlife conflicts in our local area.

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Zinser, Margaret Leah. "Culex quinquefasciatus host choices in residential, urban Tucson and at a constructed wetland." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292083.

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Blood fed Culex quinquefasciatus were collected from residential and wetland sites in Tucson, Arizona for three years using CDC gravid traps. An ELISA distinguishing human, bird, dog, cat, and rabbit blood meals was used. In residential areas, approximately 47% of all identified blood meals were from humans, with fewer blood meals from bird, dog, cat, and rabbit. At Sweetwater Wetland, humans were also the most common host, with 11 (41%) identified blood meals. Birds were the hosts of 19% blood meals. Ten (seven residential, three wetland) mosquitoes were identified to have blood from both bird and human hosts. Since the transmission of West Nile Virus to humans is dependent on mosquitoes feeding both on birds and humans, this finding is particularly relevant. These data only describe the feeding choices of the mosquitoes collected from a limited number of sites in Tucson, and therefore, may not reflect feeding preferences more generally.
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Bao, Nonggang. "Population biology and ecology and of Periplaneta americana (L.) in the urban environment." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144652/.

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Burdick-Whipp, Molly K. "Understanding Habitat Connectivity between a Fully Tidal Bay and a Tidally Restricted Urban Lagoon." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10825622.

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Culverts are ubiquitous in urban and natural environments, installed to provide road access and erosion control, but often impact fish movements in freshwater habitats. Effects of culverts on marine and estuarine fish are not well-studied. This study aimed to understand the potential impacts of a culvert, which connects a large tidal bay and a coastal lagoon, on the movements of several species of fish. Habitat characteristics of both sites were analyzed to better understand these movements, including water parameters, sediment characteristics, and zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrate, and small fish communities. The two habitats differed in terms of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, zooplankton abundance, and community composition of zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and small fish. The culvert and associated grate limited large fish from moving between the two habitats likely due to body size and other morphological characteristics. Removing this barrier and replacing it with an open channel would increase connectivity between these two habitats which could improve trophic quality in the lagoon habitat and increase functionality overall.

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Hayes, Audrey A. "Analyses of coyote (canis latrans) consumption of anthropogenic material and dietary composition in urban and non-urban habitats." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1630436863238348.

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Goulet, Raphaël. "Aspects of the ecology of urban-nesting Bald Eagles («Haliaeetus leucocephalus») in South-coastal British Columbia." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86762.

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In the past decade, Bald Eagle populations throughout North America have increased considerably and, despite their previous known avoidance of humans, eagles have begun invading cities in large numbers. The overall aim of this study was to document the ecology of urban Bald Eagle populations living in south-coastal British Columbia. We conducted a comparative study of the nest-site characteristics, productivity, and feeding habits of over 150 breeding pairs of rural, suburban and urban eagles. Tall mature trees are especially important for urban eagles and suburban areas have greater concentrations of nests. Nesting success and productivity for this population are some of the highest figures in North America. Human land-use and proximity to habitat edge are strongly linked to productivity and crows, gulls and pigeons are the most popular prey items for urban eagles. This study is expected to have implications for future management strategies of Bald Eagles in human-altered landscapes.
Dans les dernières décennies, les populations de pygargue à tête blanche ont considérablement augmenté partout en Amérique du Nord, et étonnement dans les milieux urbains. L'objectif de cette étude est de documenter l'écologie des populations urbaines de pygargues dans le sud-ouest de la Colombie-Britannique. Nous avons comparé les caractéristiques des sites de nidification, la productivité et les habitudes alimentaires de 150 paires d'individus vivant en milieux ruraux, sous-urbains et urbains. Les grands arbres sont spécialement important pour les aigles urbains, les banlieues démontrent de plus grandes concentrations de nids, la productivité de cette population est l'une des plus élevées de la distribution et est fortement liée à l'occupation humaine et la proximité des zones de transition d'habitat. Les corneilles, goélands et pigeons sont les proies les plus prisées par les aigles urbains. Cette étude risque d'influencer la gestion des pygargues dans les environnements partagés avec les humains.
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Moore, Sabrina. "Storm Water Retention Ponds: An Important Source of Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Diversity in a Semi-Arid Urban Landscape of Denton, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703400/.

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The City of Denton, located in a semi-arid region of Texas, has over 200 manmade ponds within its city limits. Many of these ponds, located in densely populated areas, are engineered to control storm water runoff. There is a general lack of recognition of the value these waters contribute to regional biodiversity and as greenspaces. This study, conducted in Denton, is monitoring habitat variables and macroinvertebrate diversity in a series of ponds selected to represent a gradient of urban influences. The objective of this study is to identify the variables associated with the highest diversity. Using drone imagery and a meter square box sampler, the quantitative approach allowed for delineation of three habitat types and area. The macroinvertebrates where identified to the genus level which allowed for higher resolution and resulted in stronger comparisons of the communities and conditions of the ponds. Taxa richness was positively correlated to pond size and trees along shoreline and negatively associated with average depth. Overall, submerged vegetation supported highest diversity and abundance, especially genera of Chironomidae (Diptera). Conductivity was associated with urban influences and the most urban influenced pond had the lowest taxa richness, but also reduced habitat area. Results of this study conclude that these stormwater ponds benefit to the ecology of the city and provide beautiful, green spaces. If managed correctly, these systems can be incorporated into sustainable development in the future of the City of Denton.
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Silva, Marcos Virgilio da. "Naturalismo e biologização das cidades na constituição da idéia de meio ambiente urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-17032006-182326/.

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A constituição da idéia de meio ambiente urbano é aqui avaliada sob a perspectiva das concepções que, historicamente, tentam enquadrar as cidades em categorias biológicas, tais como “corpo”, “organismo” e, contemporaneamente, “(ecos)sistema”. Essa tendência de naturalização ou biologização das cidades é característica do pensamento social pelo menos desde o século XIX: seus antecedentes são certamente ainda mais remotos, mas as origens de seus aspectos contemporâneos mais característicos podem ser encontradas em meados do século XVIII. Este trabalho visa resgatar alguns dos aspectos mais importantes dessa história, pondo em questão a validade de tais categorias para compreensão e intervenção sobre a cidade real. Para tanto, o trabalho dedica-se a investigar os sentidos atribuídos à idéia de natureza e a conseqüente apreciação da agência humana, e da cidade em particular, feita por essas concepções. Qualifica-se o processo de naturalização como parte de um esforço mais amplo de negação ou disciplinamento do artifício (a ação humana) e do acaso (a ausência de causalidade ou finalidade) na constituição do mundo – negação esta que resultaria em um conjunto de categorias de estase para interpretação da realidade e, afinal, em apologia do status quo. Desde o sanitarismo do século XIX até a Ecologia do pós-2ª. Guerra Mundial, passando pelo caso particularmente controverso da Eugenia, as tentativas de biologização das cidades, tanto por parte das ciências biomédicas quanto do próprio Urbanismo em constituição, apontam para uma tendência de dominação pelo conhecimento técnico que permeia de forma recorrente a modernidade capitalista. Nela, tanto a “natureza” quanto os seres humanos comuns (não “escolhidos”) são concebidos como recursos naturalmente passivos e sujeitados, incapazes de criar, cabendo-lhes apenas o papel de “resistir” ou “reagir”, ou ainda serem “protegidos”. Esse “paradigma da dominação” é que requer reconhecimento e enfrentamento, indicando a necessidade de politizar e historicizar a questão ambiental, principalmente em relação às cidades.
In this dissertation the formulation of a concept of ‘urban environment’ is based on the perspective of ideas which have historically attempted to understand cites in biological terms, such as “body”, “organism” or more recently “eco-system”. This tendency to ‘naturalize’ or conceive cities in biological terms has been a characteristic of social thinking especially since the 19th century. The roots of this tendency are certainly much more remote but this perspective did receive an important impulse from the mid-18th century ideas of the enlightenment. The following dissertation attempts to recuperate some of the more important aspects of this history, questioning the validity of this tendency for the comprehension of and intervention in contemporary cities. Because of this, the study is dedicated to the investigation of the various understandings attributed to the idea of nature with their peculiar appreciation of human agency and of the city. Qualifying this process of naturalization is seen as part of a wider preoccupation of negating or disciplining notions of ‘the artificial’ seen as the product of human agency, and of ‘chance’ when seen as the absence of causality or finality, in our constitution and interpretation of the world which in very many cases becomes an apology in favor of the ‘status quo’. Since the influence of ideas based on hygiene and sanitary conditions in the 19th century and the Darwinian twin conceptions of ecology and the controversial idea of eugenics (up to the mid 20th century) urban history has accepted the expanding role of biological metaphors. This has been expressive both in the biomedical sciences and also in the evolving science of urbanism. In many senses this has been part of the wider tendency towards domination by technical knowledge which is a recurrent feature of capitalist modernity. In this interpretation the dissertation attempts to show that ‘nature’, just as much as ordinary common people are conceived as resources, ‘naturally’ passive, without any capacity to create and with a mere capacity to ‘resist’, to ‘react’ or to ‘conform’ to their eventual ‘protection’. It is this academic paradigm of domination which needs to be recognized and confronted. In this sense the dissertation is an attempt to historically politicize the environmental question, especially in its urban dimension.
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Burdine, Justin D. "Factors influencing bee communities and pollination services across an urban environment." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1554460864439054.

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Books on the topic "Urban ecology (Biology)"

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L, Gilbert O. The ecology of urban habitats. London: Chapman and Hall, 1989.

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Giselle, Mora-Bourgeois, and United States. National Park Service. National Capital Region., eds. Values and challenges in urban ecology. [Washington, D.C.]: The Center, 2006.

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Garber, Steven D. The urban naturalist. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Norbert, Müller, Werner Peter, and Kelcey John G, eds. Urban biodiversity and design. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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John, Hunter. Urban antics: Tales of an urban naturalist. Kensington, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 2005.

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Bridgman, H. A. Urban biophysical environments. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Cacik, Renata. City of surprises: Discovering urban wildlife habitats. New Westminster, B.C: Douglas College Centre for Environmental Studies and Urban Ecology, 1997.

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Friederici, Peter. The suburban wild. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999.

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1956-, Nagel Beate, Brandes Dietmar, and Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig, eds. Stadtökologie: Ausstellung bis zum 17.6.1994, Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig Pockelsstrasse. Braunschweig: Die Universitätsbibliothek, 1994.

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Jiménez, José Escotto. Análisis ecológico de Guadalajara y su zona metropolitana. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México: Gobierno de Jalisco, Secretaría General, Unidad Editorial, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban ecology (Biology)"

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Branoff, Benjamin. "Urban Mangrove Biology and Ecology: Emergent Patterns and Management Implications." In Coastal Research Library, 521–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73016-5_23.

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Schwarz, Anne-Maree, and Ton Snelder. "Integrated submerged aquatic vegetation management in an urban New Zealand river." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 235–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_33.

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Rhodes, Matthew E., Krista L. McGuire, Katherine L. Shek, and Tejashree S. Gopal. "Going Up: Incorporating the Local Ecology of New York City Green Roof Infrastructure into Biology Laboratory Courses." In Transforming Education for Sustainability, 165–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13536-1_10.

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AbstractCurrent urban development practices are predicted to be largely unsustainable, placing an increasing burden on surrounding ecological systems. One mitigation effort involves expanding green infrastructure and alleviating urban ecological challenges by building in cooperation with ecological processes. Cities are investing in large-scale green infrastructure projects such as urban parks, bioswales (roadside plantings), and green roofs. Recently, scientists have begun to explore the ecological principles that govern the assembly and long-term performance of rooftop communities. In Fall 2013 and Spring 2017, students in the Microbiology and Molecular Biology laboratory courses at Barnard College engaged in surveys of soil microbial communities from different types of green infrastructure installations to evaluate the factors that structure community assembly. These projects enabled students to witness and contribute to developing urban ecological sustainability measures. The results contributed to a successful grant application, a Master’s thesis, and several peer-reviewed publications with students as lead or co-authors. Two students, inspired by their exposure to green infrastructure, demonstrated the negative impacts of nitrogen deposition on sensitive roadside green infrastructure installations. Students expressed an increased feeling of ownership and pride due to the authenticity and novelty of their work and increased engagement with both the course project and ecological sustainability.
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Branco, Manuela, José Carlos Franco, and Zvi Mendel. "Sap-Sucking Forest Pests." In Forest Entomology and Pathology, 417–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0_13.

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AbstractSap-sucker insects are distinguished by their specialized mouthparts, adapted to penetrate and suck fluids from plant tissues. Many sap-sucking insect species are of major economic importance for forests, forest nurseries, and urban trees, causing plant stress, distortion, shoot stunting, and gall formation, or transmitting plant pathogens. In this chapter, we give an overview of the diversity and biology of sap-sucker insects of forest trees, with an emphasis on the two major groups, aphids, and scale insects. We further present their ecology highlighting their biotic interactions with other organisms. Finally, we discuss sap-sucking forest pests and their management.
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Nemeth, Erwin, and Sue Anne Zollinger. "The application of signal transmission modelling in conservation biology." In Avian Urban Ecology, 192–200. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199661572.003.0015.

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Irwin, Rebecca E., Elsa Youngsteadt, Paige S. Warren, and Judith L. Bronstein. "The Evolutionary Ecology of Mutualisms in Urban Landscapes." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 111–29. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0008.

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Mutualisms are critically important in maintaining the biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems. Mutualisms include a diverse array of interactions that result in reciprocal positive effects for both partners, including plant–pollinator, plant–seed disperser, and plant–rhizobia interactions. There is growing recognition that global environmental change can affect the ecological outcomes of mutualisms, but less attention has been paid to how urbanization in particular affects their evolution. This chapter builds from an ecological perspective and considers how urban landscapes may affect the evolutionary ecology of mutualism. It reviews the adaptive evolutionary processes that could affect mutualism in urban landscapes. It then surveys transportation, protection, and nutritional mutualisms to assess how urbanization may affect these mutualistic interactions in an evolutionary framework. The survey described in the chapter highlights a dearth of empirical and theoretical investigations on urban mutualisms from an evolutionary perspective despite potentially strong changes in selection pressures in urban areas. The chapter ends by outlining research directions to further the study of the evolutionary ecology of mutualisms in urban landscapes.
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Szulkin, Marta, Colin J. Garroway, Michela Corsini, Andrzej Z. Kotarba, and Davide Dominoni. "Supplementary Information – Chapter 2." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 34–35. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0003.

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Environmental variation was quantified at nestboxes monitored as part of a prospectively long-term project on the ecology and evolution of great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus in Warsaw, Poland. Nine axes of environmental variation were investigated across 9 different urban sites, for a total of 565 specific locations (here: nestboxes). Data was collected on the ground, with the use of GIS and remote sensing using the following methodology:...
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Sepp, Tuul, Kevin J. McGraw, and Mathieu Giraudeau. "Urban Sexual Selection." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 234–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0015.

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Human-modified habitats can present both challenges and opportunities for wild animals. Changes in the environment caused by urbanization can affect who survives and reproduces in wild animal populations. Accordingly, we can expect that changes in sexual selection pressures may occur in response to urbanization. Changes in sexually selected traits like bird song and colouration have been one of the main thrusts of urban ecology in recent decades. However, studies to date have focused on describing changes in sexual phenotypes in response to urban environmental change, and knowledge about genetic/microevolutionary change is lacking. Also, while some signalling modalities have been well studied and linked to human activities (e.g., changes in auditory signals in response to anthropogenic noise), others have received comparatively less attention in this context (e.g., effects of air pollution on chemical signalling). In addition, the focus has been mainly on the signal sender, instead of the signal receiver, thereby missing an important side of sexual selection. This chapter reviews the evidence that sexual selection pressures and sexually selected traits have been impacted by urban environments, with attention to the potential for rapid adaptive and plastic shifts in traits of signallers and receivers. It explores the possibilities that urbanization causes evolutionary change and speciation in wild animal populations through sexual selection. Finally, it provides new ideas for future studies to explore these questions and especially the evolution of female preferences in urban environments.
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Perrier, Charles, Aude Caizergues, and Anne Charmantier. "Adaptation Genomics in Urban Environments." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 74–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0006.

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The field of urban ecology has provided many fascinating examples of organisms that display novel biological features in urban environments compared to natural habitats. Quantitative genetics provides a framework that can be used to investigate whether this phenotypic differentiation between urban and natural habitats is adaptive and is the result of heritable changes in response to divergent selection. New generation sequencing tools offer unique opportunities to expand our understanding of the genes and genetic mechanisms implicated in evolution in urban environments. This chapter first reviews quantitative genetics studies investigating the mechanisms of evolution in the city. It then reviews pioneering genomic studies that have shed light on the genes and genetic mechanisms implicated in urban microevolution. The authors discuss how further use of cost-effective high-resolution genomic approaches may improve the comprehension of both genomic and epigenomic mechanisms implicated in such evolution. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of how the integrated use of quantitative genetics, field experiments, and genomics could expand our knowledge of the processes leading to urban evolution.
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Brans, Kristien I., Lynn Govaert, and Luc De Meester. "Evolutionary Dynamics of Metacommunities in Urbanized Landscapes." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 175–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0012.

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As urbanization leads to repeated, marked environmental gradients in space, it provides an ideal ‘natural’ experiment to study how evolving metacommunities, in which evolutionary and community ecological processes interact in a landscape context, respond to anthropogenic disturbances. An integrated approach that combines community data with data on genetic responses of focal taxa to urbanization is still lacking, notwithstanding the likely importance of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on urban ecosystem functions and services. Such a joint analysis is most easily achieved by focusing on shifts in trait values and their interspecific (cf. community ecology) and intraspecific components. The latter involves both non-genetic and genetic responses, and should be quantified for all dominant, abundant, or ecologically important species in the (meta)community. This chapter introduces the evolving metacommunity framework and discusses the use of cities to study how this framework can contribute to our insight into population and community responses to anthropogenic change. It discusses how this framework can enhance our capacity to predict responses to contemporary and future urbanization as well as its possible consequences for ecosystem functioning. It predicts that evolutionary trait change contributes substantially to observed trait shifts at the community level. Conversely, genetic adaptation might often be constrained by rapid changes in species composition. It explores eco-evolutionary partitioning metrics that quantify the evolutionary and ecological contributions to responses to urbanization. Finally, it provides guidelines for experimental studies on urban evolving metacommunities, and suggests directions on research that will build towards a fully integrated evolving metacommunity framework addressing biological responses to urbanization.
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Conference papers on the topic "Urban ecology (Biology)"

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Zviahintseva, K. O., and H. O. Kazarinova. "Ecological component of adventive element of Kharkiv urban flora (Ukraine)." In Challenges, threats and developments in biology, agriculture, ecology, geography, geology and chemistry. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-111-4-15.

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Reports on the topic "Urban ecology (Biology)"

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Clark, J. Alan, Suzanne Macey, and Stefanie Siller. Bat Ecology, Conservation, And Bioacoustics. American Museum of Natural History, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0183.

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Of the 6,500 or so different mammal species on earth, approximately 1,406 are from one group—bats! In other words, over 20% of known mammal diversity are bats. This module covers the basic biology and ecology of bats, the ecosystem services they provide, the threats they face globally, and how conservation actions can mitigate these threats. Students focus more locally in an accompanying exercise, Field Guide to the Bats in Your Neighborhood, where students are asked to research and present on bats in their region. In the case-study based exercise, Bats in the City? An Exploration of Acoustic Monitoring of Bats, students analyze acoustic data to answer ecological questions. Overall, students are introduced to bat ecology and conservation, urban biodiversity, bat echolocations/vocalizations, and the monitoring of these species through analyzing acoustic recordings with specialized software, Kaleidoscope. These materials were made in association with City Bats, a program in New York City designed to teach students more about the scientific process and urban biodiversity.
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