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1
Wang, Fan, Gregory R. Carmichael, Jing Wang, Bin Chen, Bo Huang, Yuguo Li, Yuanjian Yang, and Meng Gao. "Circulation-regulated impacts of aerosol pollution on urban heat island in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13341-2022.
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Abstract. Unprecedented urbanization in China has led to serious urban heat island (UHI) issues, exerting intense heat stress on urban residents. Based on the observed temperature and PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing over 2016–2020, we find diverse influences of aerosol pollution on urban heat island intensity (UHII) under different circulations. When northerly winds are prevalent in urban Beijing, UHII tends to be much higher in both daytime and nighttime and it is less affected by aerosol concentrations. However, when southerly and westerly winds are dominant in rural Beijing, UHII is significantly reduced by aerosol pollution. Using coupled aerosol-radiation weather simulations, we demonstrate the underlying physical mechanism which is associated with local circulation and resulting spatial distribution of aerosols. Our results also highlight the role of black carbon in aggravating UHI, especially during nighttime. It could thus be targeted for cooperative management of heat islands and aerosol pollution.
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Song, Xingtao, Haoyuan Shi, Langchang Jin, Sijing Pang, and Shenglan Zeng. "The Impact of the Urban Heat Island Effect on Ground-Level Ozone Pollution in the Sichuan Basin, China." Atmosphere 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2024): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010014.
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With urbanization, ozone (O3) pollution and the urban heat island (UHI) effect have become increasingly prominent. UHI can affect O3 production and its dilution and dispersion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of O3 pollution and the UHI effect, as well as the influence of UHI on O3 pollution in the Sichuan Basin. Atmospheric pollution data for O3 and NO2 from 2020 were obtained from local environmental monitoring stations, while temperature and single-layer wind field data were sourced from ERA5-Land, a high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis dataset provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The results indicate the following: (1) O3 concentrations in the Sichuan Basin exhibit distinct seasonal variations, with the highest levels in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and the lowest in winter. In terms of spatial variation, the overall distribution is highest in western Sichuan, second highest along the Sichuan River, and lowest in central Sichuan. (2) There are significant regional differences in UHII across Sichuan, with medium heat islands (78.63%) dominating western Sichuan, weak heat islands (82.74%) along the Sichuan River, and no heat island (34.79%) or weak heat islands (63.56%) in central Sichuan. Spatially, UHII is mainly distributed in a circular pattern. (3) Typical cities in the Sichuan Basin (Chengdu, Chongqing, Nanchong) show a positive correlation between UHII and O3 concentration (0.071–0.499), though with an observed temporal lag. This study demonstrates that UHI can influence O3 concentrations in two ways: first, by altering local heat balance, thereby promoting O3 production, and second, by generating local winds that contribute to the diffusion or accumulation of O3, forming distinct O3 concentration zones.
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Armah, Recheal N. D., Zhu H. Ning, Yaw A. Twumasi, Jeff Dacosta Osei, Blessing Masasi, Matilda Anokye, and Priscilla M. Loh. "Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Urban Heat Island in Scotlandville in the Louisiana State of USA using Satellite Remote Sensing." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-5-2024 (March 12, 2025): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-5-2024-9-2025.
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Abstract. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their surrounding rural areas due to human activities and the presence of heat-absorbing materials such as concrete and asphalt. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of UHI in Scotlandville, a neighbourhood in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, using satellite remote sensing approach. Landsat 9 imagery was used to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) to extract the urban heat islands and greenspaces within the study area. The results revealed the spatial distribution of UHI across Scotlandville, where 1635 ha of the total area were urban heat islands, representing 64% of the total study area. These findings provide substantial information for urban planning and development policies aimed at mitigating the impact of UHI on local climate and public health. Moreover, this study informs the health and vitality status of the greenspaces and calls for action to plant more trees and properly care for existing ones, as the current state of these greenspaces is insufficient to improve urban resilience and liveability in Scotlandville.
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Zhu, Rui, Eric Guilbert, and Man Sing Wong. "TRACKING THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-2-3-2016.
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The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon occurring in the urban areas or city-clusters is increasingly becoming a severe problem in the urbanization process. Previous research mainly rely on grid analysis techniques to study temperature data from images recorded at fixed time instants. The evolutionary process of UHI in both time and space has not been investigated yet. This research designs an object-oriented spatiotemporal model to reconstruct the evolution of UHI and provide a qualitative interpretation. Each UHI is modeled as a spatiotemporal field object with it own life cycle. Dynamic behavior of an UHI is defined by sequences of spatial changes (e.g. contraction or expansion) and topological transformations (e.g. merge or split). The model is implemented in an object-relational database and applied to air temperature data collected from weather stations every hour over three days. UHIs with their behavior were extracted from the data. Results suggest that the model can effectively track and provide a qualitative description of the UHI evolution.
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Zhu, Rui, Eric Guilbert, and Man Sing Wong. "TRACKING THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-3-2016.
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The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon occurring in the urban areas or city-clusters is increasingly becoming a severe problem in the urbanization process. Previous research mainly rely on grid analysis techniques to study temperature data from images recorded at fixed time instants. The evolutionary process of UHI in both time and space has not been investigated yet. This research designs an object-oriented spatiotemporal model to reconstruct the evolution of UHI and provide a qualitative interpretation. Each UHI is modeled as a spatiotemporal field object with it own life cycle. Dynamic behavior of an UHI is defined by sequences of spatial changes (e.g. contraction or expansion) and topological transformations (e.g. merge or split). The model is implemented in an object-relational database and applied to air temperature data collected from weather stations every hour over three days. UHIs with their behavior were extracted from the data. Results suggest that the model can effectively track and provide a qualitative description of the UHI evolution.
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Fadhil, Mohammed, Mustafa N. Hamoodi, and Abdul Razzak T. Ziboon. "Mitigating urban heat island effects in urban environments: strategies and tools." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1129, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1129/1/012025.
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Abstract In the twenty-first century, urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a major problem for humanity as a consequence of urbanization and industrialization. The main causes of UHI are the vast amounts of heat generated by urban structures as they consume and re-radiate solar energy and anthropogenic heat sources. The two heat sources cause an urban area’s temperature to rise above its surroundings, a phenomenon known as Urban Heat Island (UHI). Many approaches, methods, models, and investigative tools have been implemented to study and analysis this phenomenon. In general, green areas in cities are thought to be an effective approach to mitigate urban heat island effects and bring comfort to residents. The improvement of microclimatic conditions in urban environments is mostly influenced by evapotranspiration. Most of the studies show a rising trend in the UHI, which is linked to decreased plant cover and land-use changes. The main objectives of this paper were to explain the concept, formation factors, and influential factors of UHI. In addition, the most common strategies and tools that are applied in mitigating rising temperatures in urban areas were reviewed and summarized. The finding of several studies showed that increasing urban vegetation areas in addition to optimizing their spatial distribution and configuration is an effective strategy to reduce the impact of UHI.
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Silva, Rui, Ana Cristina Carvalho, David Carvalho, and Alfredo Rocha. "Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040521.
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This work aims to compare the performance of the single‑(SLUCM) and multilayer (BEP-Building effect parameterization) urban canopy models (UCMs) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), along with the application of two urban heat island (UHI) identification methods. The identification methods are: (1) the “classic method”, based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas; (2) the “local method” based on the temperature difference at each urban location when the model land use is considered urban, and when it is replaced by the dominant rural land use category of the urban surroundings. The study is performed as a case study for the city of Lisbon, Portugal, during the record-breaking August 2003 heatwave event. Two main differences were found in the UHI intensity (UHII) and spatial distribution between the identification methods: a reduction by half in the UHII during nighttime when using the local method; and a dipole signal in the daytime and nighttime UHI spatial pattern when using the classic method, associated with the sheltering effect provided by the high topography in the northern part of the city, that reduces the advective cooling in the lower areas under prevalent northern wind conditions. These results highlight the importance of using the local method in UHI modeling studies to fully isolate urban canopy and regional geographic contributions to the UHII and distribution. Considerable improvements were obtained in the near‑surface temperature representation by coupling WRF with the UCMs but better with SLUCM. The nighttime UHII over the most densely urbanized areas is lower in BEP, which can be linked to its larger nocturnal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the surface and negative sensible heat (SH) fluxes. The latter may be associated with the lower surface skin temperature found in BEP, possibly owing to larger turbulent SH fluxes near the surface. Due to its higher urban TKE, BEP significantly overestimates the planetary boundary layer height compared with SLUCM and observations from soundings. The comparison with a previous study for the city of Lisbon shows that BEP model simulation results heavily rely on the number and distribution of vertical levels within the urban canopy.
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Técher, Magalie, Hassan Ait Haddou, and Rahim Aguejdad. "Characterization of the urban microclimate by the modelling of urban planning policies in France." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012065.
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Abstract With the increase of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and the effects of global warming, cities will face challenges in anticipating these phenomena. However, the complexity of urban development within the framework of urban planning policies, makes difficult for urban decision-makers to anticipate the Urban Heat Islands within their territory. In this paper, we propose a methodology to assess the impact of urban planning policies on Urban Heat Island. Thanks to a coupling of 2D urban growth model, 3D constructability model and urban microclimate simulation, this tool will make it possible to visualize the impact of urban planning decisions on urban form and on Urban Heat Island.
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Jabbar, Hajer Khaled, Mustafa N. Hamoodi, and Amjed N. Al-Hameedawi. "Urban heat islands: a review of contributing factors, effects and data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1129, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1129/1/012038.
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Abstract Urban Heat Island (UHI) is one of the most serious difficulties that humans have faced in the twenty-first century resulted due to urbanization and industrialization. The main causes of UHI are the vast amounts of heat produced by urban structures, which solar energy should be used and re-radiated as well as anthropogenic heat sources. The two heat sources cause an urban area’s temperature to rise in comparison to its surrounding areas, which refers to a phenomenon of the urban heat islands. Large cities and diverse economic activities face even more serious difficulties. This paper defined the concept and types of UHIs. This paper explained a comprehensive review of the phenomenon of UHI from its first appearance with regard to causing factors, its influences on people’s lives and the urban environments, and widely used data for measuring and evaluating the intensity of UHIs. The finding of most studies mentioned that UHI values are different from city to city based on land-use changes. It is revealed that an increasing trend occurred mainly because expand in built-up areas and a reduction in green cover. Also, a number of studies showed that the UHI intensity was low during summer afternoons and high during winter nights in many places around the world.
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Esau, Igor, Victoria Miles, Andrey Soromotin, Oleg Sizov, Mikhail Varentsov, and Pavel Konstantinov. "Urban heat islands in the Arctic cities: an updated compilation of in situ and remote-sensing estimations." Advances in Science and Research 18 (May 3, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-18-51-2021.
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Abstract. Persistent warm urban temperature anomalies – urban heat islands (UHIs) – significantly enhance already amplified climate warming in the Arctic. Vulnerability of urban infrastructure in the Arctic cities urges a region-wide study of the UHI intensity and its attribution to UHI drivers. This study presents an overview of the surface and atmospheric UHIs in all circum-Arctic settlements (118 in total) with the population larger than 3000 inhabitants. The surface UHI (SUHI) is obtained from the land surface temperature (LST) data products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) archive over 2000–2016. The atmospheric UHI is obtained from screen-level temperature provided by the Urban Heat Island Arctic Research Campaign (UHIARC) observational network over 2015–2018. Several other UHI studies are included for comparisons. The analysis reveals strong and persistent UHI during both summer and winter seasons. The annual mean surface UHI magnitudes vary from −0.6 ∘C (Hammerfest) to 4.3 ∘C (Murmansk). Thus, the observed UHI is likely an important climatic factor that must be included in future adjustment of urban construction, safety, and environmental quality codes.
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Hamilton, Billy, and Christina L. Erickson. "Urban Heat Islands and Social Work: Opportunities for Intervention." Advances in Social Work 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 420–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1937.
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The urban heat island (UHI), formed by surface modification of soil and vegetation, increases minimum nighttime temperatures within cities and causes heat-stress among dwellers. Children, elders and low-income persons are disproportionately burdened by the UHI. These populations often lack the necessary biological, economic and social resources to cope with or prevent heat stress. Because UHI’s are expected to increase with climate change, more social workers will be expected to serve the populations most affected by UHI. This paper addresses how the social work profession can play a role in efforts to address the effects of UHI’s on vulnerable populations.
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Na, Ni, Dandan Xu, Wen Fang, Yihan Pu, Yanqing Liu, and Haobin Wang. "Automatic Detection and Dynamic Analysis of Urban Heat Islands Based on Landsat Images." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (August 12, 2023): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164006.
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Given rapid global urban development, increases to impervious surfaces, urban population growth, building construction, and energy consumption result in the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. However, the spatial extent of UHIs is not clearly mapped in many UHI studies based on a remote sensing approach. Therefore, we developed a method to extract the spatial extent of the UHI during the period from 2000 to 2021 in Nanjing, China, and explored the impact of urban two- and three-dimensional expansion on UHI spatial extent and UHI intensity. After cropland effects (i.e., bare soil) were eliminated, our proposed method combines the Getis-Ord-Gi* and the standard deviation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI STD) to extract the UHI area from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images using land surface temperature (LST) spatial autocorrelation characteristics and the seasonal variation of vegetation. Our results show the following: (1) Bare farmland has a large influence on the extraction results of UHI—combined with the seasonal variation characteristics of NDVI STD, the impact of bare soil on UHI extraction was highly reduced, strongly improving the accuracy of UHI extraction. (2) The dynamics of the UHI area are consistent with the changes in the built-up area in Nanjing at both spatial and temporal scales, but with the increase of the urban green ratio, the UHI area of mature urban areas trends to decrease due to the cooling effect of green space. (3) The accumulation of population and GDP promote the vertical expansion of urban buildings. When the two-dimensional expansion of the city reaches saturation, the UHI intensity is primarily affected by three-dimensional urban expansion.
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Aimar, Fabrizio, and Klodjan Xhexhi. "Urban Heat Islands in Tirana, Albania - Analysis and Potential Solutions." Engineering Innovations 8 (January 3, 2024): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-feewg7.
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Cities and towns are expanding and thriving as a result of urbanization, which also significantly changes the local climate. One of the most significant phenomena associated with urbanization is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This phenomenon is increasingly being studied worldwide. The paper aims to investigate the UHI phenomenon in the metropolitan area of Tirana, Albania. It analyses the impact of the UHI on four specific locations in Tirana, its causes and mitigation measures, as well as variations in surface temperature, CO2 emissions, and relative humidity. The regions are measured and observed using a specific instrument such as the Testo 435. Considering the mean surface temperature variations between urban and rural regions ranging from 28.4°C to 33.7 °C, CO2 emissions from 302.9 ppm to 416.2 ppm, and relative humidity from 34.1% to 41.2%, it is found that the UHI impact in Tirana is significant. The lack of green spaces, high building density, urban patterns, building materials used, transport, and energy use are the main contributors to the UHI in central Tirana. Increasing green spaces, using reflective materials, and promoting sustainable urban design are some of the mitigation techniques suggested to reduce the UHI effect in Tirana.
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Huang, Huanchun, Yingxia Yun, Jiangang Xu, Shizhen Wang, Xin Zheng, Jing Fu, and Lintong Bao. "Scale and Attenuation of Water Bodies on Urban Heat Islands." Open House International 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0022.
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Urban water bodies play an important role in reducing summertime urban heat island (UHI) effects. Previous studies focused mainly on the impact of water bodies of large areas, and there is no analysis of the efficacy and scale effect of how small and medium-sized water bodies reduce the UHI effects. Hence, these studies could not provide theoretical support for the scientific planning and design of urban water bodies. This study aims to confirm, within different scale ranges, the efficacy of a water body in reducing the summertime UHI effects. We propose a scale sensitivity method to investigate the temporal and spatial relationship between urban water bodies and UHI. Based on the scale theory and geostatistical analysis method in landscape ecology, this study used the platforms of 3S, MATLAB, and SPSS to analyze the distance-decay law of water bodies in reducing summertime UHI effects, as well as the scale response at different water surface ratios. The results show that the influence of water surfaces on UHIs gradually decreases with increasing distance, and the temperature rises by 0.78 °C for every 100 m away from the water body. During daytime, there is a scaled sensitivity of how much water surfaces reduce the summertime UHI effects. The most sensitive radius from the water was found at the core water surface ratio of 200 m. A reduction of UHI intensity by 2.3 °C was observed for every 10% increase of the average core water surface ratio. This study provides a theoretical reference to the control of heat islands for the planning and design of urban water bodies.
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Lukinov, Vitaliy, C. Vivek Kumar, L. Venkateswara Reddy, Mridula Gupta, Mohsin Ikram, Alok Jain, Raman Verma, Prashant Sharma, and Layth Hussein. "Mitigating Urban Heat Islands Using Green Roof Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 581 (2024): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458101020.
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Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) are a growing concern in metropolitan areas due to the concentration of infrastructure, reduced vegetation, and increased human activities. The UHI effect results in higher temperatures in urban areas compared to rural surroundings, contributing to adverse environmental and health impacts. One of the promising mitigation strategies is the implementation of green roof technology. This paper investigates the potential of green roofs in reducing UHI effects by analyzing their thermal performance, vegetation characteristics, and energy savings. An experimental study was conducted on two types of green roofs: extensive and intensive, across three cities with varied climatic conditions. Results showed that green roofs could reduce the surface temperature by up to 5°C, resulting in significant reductions in building cooling demands. The study concludes that green roofs, particularly extensive systems, offer a viable solution for UHI mitigation while providing additional ecological and economic benefits.
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Lokoshchenko, Mikhail A. "Urban Heat Island and Urban Dry Island in Moscow and Their Centennial Changes." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 10 (October 2017): 2729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0383.1.
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AbstractThe long-term dynamics of both urban heat island (UHI) and urban dry island (UDI) intensities over the city of Moscow, Russia, has been analyzed for the period from the end of the nineteenth century until recent years using data of the ground meteorological network. Besides traditional maximum heat/dry island intensity, an additional parameter—station-averaged intensity as a mean difference between the data of all urban and rural stations—has been used. The traditional maximum (mean annual) UHI intensity in Moscow was nearly 1.0°C at the end of the nineteenth century, 1.2°C one century ago, 1.5°–1.6°C both in the middle and at the end of the twentieth century, and 2.0°C in recent years. The station-averaged UHI intensity was equal to 0.7°–0.8°C in the second half of the twentieth century and increased up to 1.0°C in recent years. It is probable that stabilization of both parameters from the 1950s to the 1990s was connected with the extensive city growth at that time (mass resettlement of inhabitants from the overpopulated city center to the new urban periphery since the 1960s). The new increase of UHI intensities is the result of the new intensive city growth. The relative humidity in Moscow significantly decreased during the last 146 years (mostly because of warming), unlike water vapor pressure. The UDI is closely connected with the UHI; the absolute value (modulus) of its intensity is increasing in time from −4% at the end of the nineteenth century to −9% now. During the last two decades, the UDI as well as the UHI became much stronger than before.
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Deng, Ji-Yu, Hua Lao, Chenyang Mei, Yizhen Chen, Yueyang He, and Kaihuai Liao. "Analyzing the Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Urban Heat Islands in Nanjing: The Role of Urbanization and Different Land Uses." Buildings 15, no. 8 (April 14, 2025): 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081289.
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This study explores the spatiotemporal distribution and formation mechanisms of urban heat islands (UHIs) in Nanjing during summer, utilizing temperature data from 82 automatic weather stations (AWSs) distributed across five concentric zones. The results demonstrate the substantial impact of urbanization on UHI patterns, with industrial and densely populated areas exhibiting higher UHI intensity (UHII), while regions with natural landscapes such as mountains and water bodies display lower temperatures. The analysis reveals that the most pronounced night-time UHI effect occurs in the highly urbanized central zones, whereas the weakest effect is observed during midday. Transitional UHI phases are identified around sunrise and sunset, with increased long-wave radiation post-sunset amplifying the UHI effect. Additionally, this study underscores the directional characteristics of UHI distribution in Nanjing. Notably, Hexi New Town has emerged as a new high-temperature hotspot due to rapid urbanization, while Jiangning New Town and Xianlin Sub-City maintain lower temperatures owing to their proximity to agricultural and forested areas. By selecting representative AWSs from different zones, this study introduces a novel and practical method for calculating UHII. Although the approach has limitations in precision, it provides an accessible tool for UHI analysis and can be adapted for use in other cities. This research offers valuable insights into the influence of urban development on local climate and presents a practical framework for future UHI studies and urban planning strategies aimed at mitigating UHI effects.
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Bala, R., R. Prasad, V. P. Yadav, and J. Sharma. "SPATIAL VARIATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND INTENSITY IN URBAN CITIES USING MODIS SATELLITE DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-147-2019.
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Abstract. Urban Heat Island (UHI) refers to the occurrence of higher temperatures in urban areas than the neighbouring rural areas. The neighbouring land cover also has some influence on the urban temperatures. The present study focuses on the UHI effect observed in four different cities i.e. Bikaner, Hyderabad, Vadodara and Varanasi which were surrounded by different natural land covers using MODIS satellite images. Bikaner shows Urban Cool Island (UCI) and Varanasi show UHI during day time. Vadodara and Hyderabad do not show much variation in urban and rural LST during day time. However, UHI effect was found clearly significant during night time in the four cities. UHI intensity was calculated using night LST and found highest in Hyderabad and lowest in Bikaner. The relation of LST with % Impervious was studied which shows good positive linear relation when significant UHI effect was observed and negative linear relation when UCI effect was observed. The slope obtained from linear regression of night LST with % Impervious was compared with the UHI intensity in the four cities and found to show good positive linear relation. Therefore, % Impervious can be used to quantify UHI intensity in urban areas.
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Liu, Biao, Xian Guo, and Jie Jiang. "How Urban Morphology Relates to the Urban Heat Island Effect: A Multi-Indicator Study." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 10, 2023): 10787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410787.
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Urban morphology quantitatively expresses a city’s spatial structure, internal relationships, and physical form. It has advantages for predicting urban growth and analyzing the current state of cities in the literature. A comprehensive study on the complex relationships between urban morphology and urban heat island intensity (UHII) is of great importance for mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect for megacities. This study models urban morphological indicators in fine resolution based on three aspects: building morphology, ecological infrastructure, and human activities. The model accurately captures UHII by employing the definition of UHI effects. The relationship between urban morphology and UHII was further examined using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). By taking central Beijing, China as study area, major findings include the following: (1) Significant daytime UHI effects were observed within the research area, particularly during the summer months, when it appears to be most severe. More than 90% of the region experiences varying degrees of the UHI effects. (2) UHI is significantly correlated with both 2D and 3D urban morphological indicators. Low sky view factor (SVF) and high SVF tend to mitigate UHI, whereas moderate SVF tends to aggravate UHI. (3) In densely populated areas, tall trees may be more effective than other forms of vegetation at mitigating UHI. Based on the aforementioned findings, this article suggests that urban morphology optimization should focus on seasonality, spatial specificity, and indicator specificity for megacities in urban design and spatial planning aimed at mitigating UHI.
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Almeida, Cátia Rodrigues de, Leonardo Furst, Artur Gonçalves, and Ana Cláudia Teodoro. "Remote Sensing Image-Based Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Bragança, Portugal." Environments 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9080098.
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Urban Heat Islands increase surface temperatures which impact the health and well-being of urban populations. Radiative forcing is impacted by changes to the land surface associated with urbanization that are particularly significant immediately after sunset. This paper aimed to analyze the behavior of UHI in different Local Climate Zones (LCZ) in Bragança city (Portugal), using Air Temperature (Ta), satellite images (Landsat 8), and on-site data. The methodology included a seasonal approach, integrating data with different scales (spatial, radiometric, and spectral) and qualitative and quantitative analyses. Google Earth Engine (GEE) optimized the processing time and computation requirement to generate the Land Surface Temperature (LST) maps. The integration of data with different scales corroborated the complementation of information/analysis and detected the correlation between the Ta and LST. However, the identification of the UHI was compromised due to the time of the passage of Landsat 8, and it was identified as the Urban Cool Island (UCI), a complementary effect of UHI, supporting the results of previous studies and for the use of Remote Sensing (RS) for thermal effects analysis.
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Wang, Liang, and Dan Li. "Urban Heat Islands during Heat Waves: A Comparative Study between Boston and Phoenix." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60, no. 5 (May 2021): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0132.1.
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AbstractIn this study, we simulate the magnitude of urban heat islands (UHIs) during heat wave (HWs) in two cities with contrasting climates (Boston, Massachusetts, and Phoenix, Arizona) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and quantify their drivers with a newly developed attribution method. During the daytime, a surface UHI (SUHI) is found in Boston, which is mainly caused by the higher urban surface resistance that reduces the latent heat flux and the higher urban aerodynamic resistance ra that inhibits convective heat transfer between the urban surface and the lower atmosphere. In contrast, a daytime surface urban cool island is found in Phoenix, which is mainly due to the lower urban ra that facilitates convective heat transfer. In terms of near-surface air UHI (AUHI), there is almost no daytime AUHI in either city. At night, an SUHI and an AUHI are identified in Boston that are due to the stronger release of heat storage in urban areas. In comparison, the lower urban ra in Phoenix enhances convective heat transfer from the atmosphere to the urban surface at night, leading to a positive SUHI but no AUHI. Our study highlights that the magnitude of UHIs or urban cool islands is strongly controlled by urban–rural differences in terms of aerodynamic features, vegetation and moisture conditions, and heat storage, which show contrasting characteristics in different regions.
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Sahnoune, S., N. Benhassine, F. Bourbia, and H. Hadbaoui. "Quantifying the effect of green-roof and urban green infrastructure ratio on urban heat island mitigation -semi-arid climate." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v13i1.12.
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Green Roof (GR) is one of the most applied strategies to Mitigate Urban Heat Island (UHI) recommended for sustainable cities. This research aims to examine and evaluate the effect of the GR/UGI ratio on UHI mitigation, creating Urban Cool Island (UCI). The study was carried out at Constantine, situated in the East part of Algeria, characterized by a semi-arid climate with high summer solar radiation intensity. An urban climate analysis was conducted during the hottest period of the year by means of remote sensing data using ArcGIS 10.2 platform. The results displayed that vegetation, urban density, and topography strongly affect UHI. Furthermore, other finding results in this research show that fixing GR/UGI ratio (with 0.0063 reduced the average air temperature by 1.24°C) in a large-scale urban area, can reduce the surface temperature by 4.00 degrees of the studied area.
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Li, Huawei, Sandor Jombach, Guohang Tian, Yuanzheng Li, and Handong Meng. "Characterizing Temporal Dynamics of Urban Heat Island in a Rapidly Expanding City: A 39 Years Study in Zhengzhou, China." Land 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101838.
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Extreme heat wave weather phenomena have erupted worldwide in recent years. The urban heat island (UHI) effect has exacerbated urban heat waves with serious consequences for urban energy and residents’ health. Therefore, a better understanding of the dynamics of the UHI effect and the influencing factors is needed in the context of carbon neutrality and global warming. This study used long-term observation and statistical data to investigate the urban heat island intensity (UHII) over the past 39 years (1981–2019) and to analyze the temporal changes of the UHI effect and the relationship between the UHI effect and indicators of rapid urbanization in Zhengzhou, China. The results showed that Zhengzhou is warming 2.2-times faster than the global land warming trend of about +0.9 °C from 1981 to 2019. There is a clear phase characteristic of the heat island effect in Zhengzhou, and it offers a rapid upward trend after 2000 and a positive correlation with the urbanization process; it was found that the social and economic conditions of urban expansion in Zhengzhou have a significant relationship with UHII. We also found that the denser the urban built-up area, the more obvious the heat island effect. Compared with other countries, the influence of national policies on urban development is an indirect factor influencing the change of UHI specifically for Chinese cities. This research could provide a reference for understanding the temporal dynamics of UHI in an expanding large city for sustainable urban planning and mitigating urban warming and environmental problems.
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Liu, Chao, Siyu Lu, Jiawei Tian, Lirong Yin, Lei Wang, and Wenfeng Zheng. "Research Overview on Urban Heat Islands Driven by Computational Intelligence." Land 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2024): 2176. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13122176.
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In recent years, the intensification of the urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a significant concern as urbanization accelerates. This survey comprehensively explores the current status of surface UHI research, emphasizing the role of land use and land cover changes (LULC) in urban environments. We conducted a systematic review of 8260 journal articles from the Web of Science database, employing bibliometric analysis and keyword co-occurrence analysis using CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and trends. Our investigation reveals that vegetation cover and land use types are the two most critical factors influencing UHI intensity. We analyze various computational intelligence techniques, including machine learning algorithms, cellular automata, and artificial neural networks, used for simulating urban expansion and predicting UHI effects. The study also examines numerical modeling methods, including the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, while examining the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in urban microclimate research. Furthermore, we evaluate potential mitigation strategies, considering urban planning approaches, green infrastructure solutions, and the use of high-albedo materials. This comprehensive survey not only highlights the critical relationship between land use dynamics and UHIs but also provides a direction for future research in computational intelligence-driven urban climate studies.
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Peterson, Thomas C., and Timothy W. Owen. "Urban Heat Island Assessment: Metadata Are Important." Journal of Climate 18, no. 14 (July 15, 2005): 2637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3431.1.
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Abstract Urban heat island (UHI) analyses for the conterminous United States were performed using three different forms of metadata: nightlights-derived metadata, map-based metadata, and gridded U.S. Census Bureau population metadata. The results indicated that metadata do matter. Whether a UHI signal was found depended on the metadata used. One of the reasons is that the UHI signal is very weak. For example, population was able to explain at most only a few percent of the variance in temperature between stations. The nightlights metadata tended to classify lower population stations as rural compared to map-based metadata while the map-based metadata urban stations had, on average, higher populations than urban nightlights. Analysis with gridded population metadata indicated that statistically significant urban heat islands could be found even when quite urban stations were classified as rural, indicating that the primary signal was coming from the relatively high population sites. If ∼30% of the highest population stations were removed from the analysis, no statistically significant urban heat island was detected. The implications of this work on U.S. climate change analyses is that, if the highest population stations are avoided (populations above 30 000 within 6 km), the analysis should not be expected to be contaminated by UHIs. However, comparison between U.S. Historical Climatology Network (HCN) time series from the full dataset and a subset excluding the high population sites indicated that the UHI contamination from the high population stations accounted for very little of the recent warming.
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Janků, Zdeněk, and Petr Dobrovolný. "Heat Waves Amplify the Urban Canopy Heat Island in Brno, Czechia." Meteorology 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/meteorology1040030.
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This study used homogenised mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperatures from 12 stations located in Brno, Czechia, during the 2011–2020 period to analyse heat waves (HW) and their impact on the canopy urban heat island (UHI). HWs were recognized as at least three consecutive days with Tx ≥ 30 °C and urban–rural and intra-urban differences in their measures were analysed. To express the HWs contribution to UHI, we calculated the UHI intensities (UHII) separately during and outside of HWs to determine the heat magnitude (HM). Our results show that all HW measures are significantly higher in urban areas. UHII is mostly positive, on average 0.65 °C; however, day-time UHII is clearly greater (1.93 °C). Furthermore, day-time UHII is amplified during HWs, since HM is on average almost 0.5 °C and in LCZ 2 it is even 0.9 °C. Land use parameters correlate well with UHII and HM at night, but not during the day, indicating that other factors can affect the air temperature extremity. Considering a long-term context, the air temperature extremity has been significantly increasing recently in the region, together with a higher frequency of circulation types that favour the occurrence of HWs, and the last decade mainly contributed to this increase.
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Abdullahi, Ahmad Hamza, Abdulrazak Ahmed, Jamilu Usman, Abdulhakim Wagini Hassan, Yunusa Halliru, Ajobunu Ibrahim Saliu, and Zainab Yusuf. "GIS-Based Determination of Urban Heat Island Profile of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria." UMYU Scientifica 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2025): 396–407. https://doi.org/10.56919/usci.2541.040.
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Study’s Excerpt:• Uses Landsat OLI (2024), NDVI-LST-UHI analysis, and OLS regression for urban heat study.• Air temperature data improves reliability of study findings through ground truthing.• Confirms NDVI, LST, and UHI links, consistent with earlier urban heat effect studies.• Vegetation's cooling effect confirmed, but no new local mitigation strategies identified.• Findings stress urgent need for green infrastructure to tackle rising UHI from human activity.Full Abstract:Studies on Urban Heat Island (UHI) have become an important way to create sustainable and lively cities; it improves public health and enhances urban quality of life. An increase in the level of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and a corresponding rise in the urban temperature as UHI among many cities of Nigeria brings about more outbreaks of heat related diseases. The current research focused on the assessment of spatial patterns of LST and UHI in the Kaduna metropolis. Land sat 8, operational land imager (OLI) imagery of April 2024 was used for the research. Analysis was conducted through the determination of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), vegetation density map, satellite brightness temperature, LST, and finally, UHI profile on ArcGIS 10.8 software. Results on vegetation density revealed that areas with very low vegetation cover recorded the highest (44.86%) while those with moderate vegetation cover had the lowest (12.06%). The findings also indicated that the highest (47.55%) percent of the study area experienced higher LST while only 8.93% experienced lower LST. Results also show that most (37.43%) percent of the research area recorded a high (6.55oC) rate of UHI, 16.38% recorded about 8.5oC, while only 1.87% experienced a low UHI of 3.4oC. Results of the regression analysis between NDVI and UHI indicated an inverse relationship between vegetation density and urban heat islands in such a way that, for every 1-unit increase in vegetation density, UHI decreases by ~19.63 units while the negative sign means more vegetation resulted in lower urban heat (cooling effect). In conclusion, the study indicated that the western and heart of the metropolis had high UHI profiles while the eastern part of the area and other areas along the water bodies experienced lower UHI. Based on these, the study recommends the provision of strategies such as plating trees which will help in reducing higher rate of heat, this is more especially during the hot and dry season.
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Gonçalves, Artur, Gabriella Ornellas, António Castro Ribeiro, Filipe Maia, Alfredo Rocha, and Manuel Feliciano. "Urban Cold and Heat Island in the City of Bragança (Portugal)." Climate 6, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli6030070.
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The thermal environment is an important aspect of the urban environment because it affects the quality of life of urban residents and the energy use in buildings. Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Urban Cold Island (UCI) are complementary effects that are the consequence of cities’ structures interference with the local climate. This article presents results from five years of urban climate monitoring (2012–2016) in a small Portuguese city (Bragança) using a dense meteorological network of 23 locations covering a wide array of Local Climate Zones (LCZ), from urban areas to nearby rural areas. Results show the presence of both the UHI effect, from mid-afternoon until sunrise, and the UCI after sunrise, both being more intense under the dense midrise urban context and during the summer. Urban Green Spaces had an impact on both UHI and UCI, with an important role in cooling areas of the city during daytime in the summer. Other LCZs had less impact on local thermal conditions. Despite the small size of this city, both effects (UHI and UCI) had a relevant intensity with an impact on local climate conditions. Both effects tend to decrease in intensity with increasing wind speed and precipitation.
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Dervishi, Sokol, Eltjona Lacaj, and Regina Vathi. "Urban heat islands (UHI) mitigation in densely urban city of Tirana, Albania: Materials, energy, comfort." International Journal of Business & Technology 1, no. 1 (October 2012): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2012.1.1.06.
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Urban Heat Island (UHI) is considered as one of the major problems in the 21st century as a result of urbanization and industrialization of human civilization. The urban structures generate a large amount of heat from solar radiations and other sources (i.e. anthropogenic heat). This situation is even worse in cities with high density and large population and extensive economic activities, Tirana, a densely urbanized city, is seriously facing this problem. In this context, the present paper is a review article aiming to present the actual state of the art on the development and the assessment of potential benefits (i.e. materials with high solar reflectance, urban vegetation) as UHI mitigation strategies for buildings and urban structures in Tirana, Albania. The analysis shows that the limited urban vegetation and inner-city neighborhoods structures are those ones in which the hazard potential of the UHI effect is shown to be the greatest. These neighborhoods have limited open space for tree planting and green area and therefore a lower maximum potential benefit. During the warming of the climate these neighborhoods face the greater consequences due to interactions between the UHI effect and global climate change. The results show that implementations of different strategies of urban heat island (UHI) mitigation can reduce negative impacts of hazards in cities, including overheating due to elevated temperatures, air pollution and associated public health effects. Such strategies also can lower the demand for air-conditioning-related energy production; reduce the effects of urban heat island and ultimately living in a better environment.
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Martinez-Soto, Aner, Michelle Vera-Fonseca, Pablo Valenzuela-Toledo, Aliwen Melillan-Raguileo, and Matthew Shupler. "Heat on the Move: Contrasting Mobile and Fixed Insights into Temuco’s Urban Heat Islands." Sensors 25, no. 4 (February 18, 2025): 1251. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041251.
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This study evaluates the combined use of mobile transects and fixed stations to analyze atmospheric urban heat islands (UHIs’a) in Temuco, Chile. Data were collected using 23 fixed stations and 3 mobile transects traversing predefined city routes, capturing temperature records at one-minute intervals. Results revealed moderate correlations between methodologies (coefficients: 0.55–0.62) and average temperature differences of 0.72 °C to 1.6 °C, confirming their compatibility for integrated use. UHI intensities ranged from weak (0.5 °C) to extremely strong (13 °C), with the highest urban temperature (33.1 °C) observed in Zone Z-3, contrasting with 25.4 °C at the rural Maquehue station. Simulations and isothermal maps identified four UHI zones, highlighting the influence of impervious surfaces, traffic density, and limited vegetation on temperature distribution. Fluctuation plots revealed rapid cooling in vegetated areas and high heat retention in dense urban zones. These findings validate the methodologies for spatial and temporal UHI analysis and provide actionable insights for urban planning. Targeted interventions, such as increasing vegetation in high-risk zones, are recommended to mitigate extreme heat and enhance thermal comfort in urban areas.
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Khare, Vaibhav Rai, Vaishaly Vaishaly, Mir Sayed Shah Danish, Mahdi Khosravy, Abdul Matin Ibrahimi, Alexey Mikhaylov, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Energy efficiencies model for thermal comfort in urban applications." Journal of Environmental Science Revolution 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37357/1068/jesr/3.1.01.
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Improving people's standard of living has increased their requirements for the environment. Increasing air temperature in urban areas due to urban heat islands (UHI) has been a global concern since industrialization. Apart from suitable facilities and landscapes, a comfortable outdoor thermal environment can improve the efficiency of urban space use. Ensuring outdoor comfort is an integral part of the design agenda where the UHI phenomenon plays a significant role. A study has been conducted on a residential building campus to analyze the effect of these heat island countermeasures (individual and combined) with the help of the simulation tool Grasshopper. A 3D reference model of a small residential campus is developed. The outdoor thermal comfort level is studied for this case, and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) is evaluated. Further, several UHI mitigation strategies such as wall and roof reflectivity, vegetation, plantation, pavement configuration, and shading are applied to find their effect on the micro-climate and outdoor thermal comfort. Based on the simulation outcomes, urban geometry is identified as the most influential design factor in decreasing the urban heat island effect and outdoor thermal comfort. The study's principal objective is to develop a simulation framework including all mitigation strategies and find the best case for UHI reduction.
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Drešković, Nusret, Samir Đug, and Muniba Osmanović. "NDVI and NDBI indexes as indicators of the creation of urban heat islands in the Sarajevo basin." Geographica Pannonica 28, no. 1 (2024): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp28-48216.
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Remote sensing plays a vital role in analyzing urban changes. In this regard, various datasets collected from satellites today serve as a foundation for decision-makers and urban planners. This study compares the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) as indicators for the creation of surface heat islands. Using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS C2 L2 images, spatial correlations between land surface temperature (LST) were examined for August 2013, 2019 and 2023. Urban heat islands (UHI) are a contemporary phenomenon and increasingly common in large urban areas compared to surrounding, less populated areas. With the advancement in remote sensing, it is possible to adequately determine the spatial differentiation and prevalence of urban heat islands (UHI). The study is based on Landsat 8 satellite image sets for the Sarajevo basin in August 2013, 2019 and 2023, which were used to analyze LST, NDVI, and NDBI indices. This work indicates a relationship between LST and NDVI but varies depending on the analyzed year. Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) serves as a suitable indicator for surface UHI effects and can be used as an indicator to assess its spatial distribution within a larger urban environment.
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Li, Dan, Weilin Liao, Angela J. Rigden, Xiaoping Liu, Dagang Wang, Sergey Malyshev, and Elena Shevliakova. "Urban heat island: Aerodynamics or imperviousness?" Science Advances 5, no. 4 (April 2019): eaau4299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4299.
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More than half of the world’s population now live in cities, which are known to be heat islands. While daytime urban heat islands (UHIs) are traditionally thought to be the consequence of less evaporative cooling in cities, recent work sparks new debate, showing that geographic variations of daytime UHI intensity were largely explained by variations in the efficiency with which urban and rural areas convect heat from the land surface to the lower atmosphere. Here, we reconcile this debate by demonstrating that the difference between the recent finding and the traditional paradigm can be explained by the difference in the attribution methods. Using a new attribution method, we find that spatial variations of daytime UHI intensity are more controlled by variations in the capacity of urban and rural areas to evaporate water, suggesting that strategies enhancing the evaporation capability such as green infrastructure are effective ways to mitigate urban heat.
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Rastinifard, Nasrin, and Mina Ramezani. "Mitigating Urban Heat Islands: The Role of Green Building Strategies." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 12 (December 28, 2024): 647–62. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i124651.
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The combined effects of local warming brought on by urbanisation and global climate change are making urban heat a growing problem for many cities. Urban heat-related issues must be addressed immediately because these phenomena have substantial negative effects on the environment, the economy, society, and human health. Although buildings play a significant role in urban heat, they also offer opportunities for mitigation through the decarbonisation of the built environment. The building industry has acknowledged green buildings (GBs) as an innovative philosophy and practice. GBs have been suggested as a way to reduce the effects of urban heat islands (UHI) and other heat-related issues. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important architectural factors of green buildings that effectively reduce UHI. Using an extensive literature review methodology, the study identified eighteen important references following a thorough screening of more than 1400 preliminary studies. These sources concentrate on the ways that green buildings mitigate urban heat through different approaches, such as cutting carbon emissions, lessening the effects of artificial landscapes, and enhancing energy efficiency. The findings indicate that GBs significantly contribute to reducing the urban heat problem by lowering carbon emissions, minimising artificial landscapes, and promoting energy-efficient designs. This review provides a holistic analysis of the role of GBs in urban heat mitigation, aiming to inform future research in urban planning and green building development. This manuscript addresses a critical topic for the scientific and urban planning community. It highlights the role of green buildings (GBs) in mitigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which is essential for combating climate change. The thorough literature review provides useful insights and identifies key strategies, such as green roofs and green infrastructure. It is valuable for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in urban development and climate resilience.
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Anbazu, Jim, and Nana Serwaa Antwi. "Nexus Between Heat and Air Pollution in Urban Areas and the Role of Resilience Planning in Mitigating These Threats." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 04, no. 04 (October 17, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2304047.
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Urban heat island (UHI) effects are evident in many cities globally. Studies have revealed that UHI impacts air pollution and vice versa. However, it is observed that these two severe problems are addressed independently instead of interrelatedly. The study seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between air pollution and heat and how they constantly shape urban areas for planning and future research purposes. A global shift from sustainable planning practices to building urban resilience exists in line with this. This study delves further into identifying resilient approaches to combating UHI effects and air pollution. The systematic review of existing literature revealed a complex relationship between air pollution and urban heat islands. On one end, air pollution contributes to the heating of urban areas. Similarly, urban heat island effects have an impact on air quality. These two threats appeared to be significant contributors to climate change. The study recommends that adopting resilient planning practices could play a vital role in mitigating these problems. The whole idea of resilience is to plan so that crises are anticipated, planned, and accounted for. This can be done by addressing the root causes of these problems since they are interrelated through adaptive planning, governance, and management.
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Johnson, Daniel, Judith Exl, and Sylvie Geisendorf. "The Potential of Stormwater Management in Addressing the Urban Heat Island Effect: An Economic Valuation." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168685.
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Urban green infrastructure (UGI) within sustainable stormwater management provides numerous benefits to urban residents, including urban heat island (UHI) mitigation. Cost–benefit analyses (CBA) for UGI have been conducted at neighborhood level with a focus on stormwater management, but valuations of reductions in heat-related hospitalizations and mortality are lacking. These benefits create significant social value; the quantification thereof is essential for urban planning in providing a scientific foundation for the inclusion of UGI in UHI mitigation strategies. This study assesses the potential of three UGI scenarios developed for an urban neighborhood in Berlin, Germany. First, climate data analyses were conducted to determine the cooling effects of tree drains, facade greening, and green roofs. Second, a CBA was performed for each scenario to value UHI mitigation by estimating the damage costs avoided in reduced heat-related hospitalizations and fatalities, using the net present value (NPV) and benefit–cost ratio (BCR) as indicators of economic feasibility. The results indicate heat mitigation capabilities of all three UGI types, with tree drains achieving the strongest cooling effects. Regarding economic feasibility, all scenarios achieve positive NPVs and BCRs above one. The findings confirm the potential of stormwater management in mitigating UHI and generating substantial social value.
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Yadav, Anita, and Jaswant Singh. "A Study on Urban Heat Island (UHI): Challenges and Opportunities for Mitigation." Current World Environment 19, no. 1 (May 10, 2024): 436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.19.1.37.
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Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a significant issue in metropolitan regions in India, where cities are experiencing increasing temperatures ranging from 1 to 5 °C. Although UHI is a global phenomenon, it particularly impacts major cities in India, and there is a need for more research in this field. This review compares the latest global developments in UHI research with the current research in India, highlighting areas where India may lag. The review notes that there is a lack of research on UHI in numerical modeling in India, which is a limitation. Because of this, finding a solution to UHI and putting it into law requires more focus and effort. Urgent measures are required to lessen the effects of UHI in urban areas of India. Parameter outputs such as Land Surface Temperatures (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were also compared with the results of prior research and modules in the review. Using correlations from three prior studies, the analysis demonstrated that the temperature deviation approximation was 0.157 °C better than last year's manuals. Consequently, additional research is needed to address urban heat islands (UHI) in Indian cities, focusing on numerical modeling. Prompt legislative and policy responses are also necessary. The review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research into UHI in India and measures to mitigate its effects.
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Moffett, Kevan B., Yasuyo Makido, and Vivek Shandas. "Urban-Rural Surface Temperature Deviation and Intra-Urban Variations Contained by an Urban Growth Boundary." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222683.
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The urban heat island (UHI) concept describes heat trapping that elevates urban temperatures relative to rural temperatures, at least in temperate/humid regions. In drylands, urban irrigation can instead produce an urban cool island (UCI) effect. However, the UHI/UCI characterization suffers from uncertainty in choosing representative urban/rural endmembers, an artificial dichotomy between UHIs and UCIs, and lack of consistent terminology for other patterns of thermal variation at nested scales. We use the case of a historically well-enforced urban growth boundary (UGB) around Portland (Oregon, USA): to explore the representativeness of the surface temperature UHI (SUHI) as derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature data, to test common assumptions of characteristically “warm” or “cool” land covers (LCs), and to name other common urban thermal features of interest. We find that the UGB contains heat as well as sprawl, inducing a sharp surface temperature contrast across the urban/rural boundary. The contrast ranges widely depending on the end-members chosen, across a spectrum from positive (SUHI) to negative (SUCI) values. We propose a new, inclusive “urban thermal deviation” (UTD) term to span the spectrum of possible UHI-zero-UCI conditions. We also distinguish at finer scales “microthermal extremes” (MTEs), discrete areas tending in the same thermal direction as their LC or surroundings but to extreme (hot or cold) values, and microthermal anomalies (MTAs), that run counter to thermal expectations or tendencies for their LC or surroundings. The distinction is important because MTEs suggest a need for moderation in the local thermal landscape, whereas MTAs may suggest solutions.
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Ilham S. M. Elsayed, Ilham S. M. Elsayed. "A Study on the Urban Heat Island of the City of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." journal of King Abdulaziz University - Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 10, 2012): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.23-2.8.
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The study focuses on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) occurring at metropolitan regions through a case study done on the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia has 14 metropolitan regions with a popu-lation of 75,000 persons. Kuala Lumpur city is the capital city of Ma-laysia with a population of 1504300 persons, recognized as the greatest metropolitan area within the country. The study measures the intensity of the UHI of the city, number and location of cool and heat islands, and location of the nucleus of such UHI. Moreover, it compares the intensity and the location of UHI and the latest previous similar study done in 1985. Two methodologies combined to study the urban heat island of the city; weather station networks method and traverses survey method. The study used the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to establish the colored contour maps showing the intensity of the urban heat island of the city. The study finds that, the temperature clearly varies from a weekday to weekend. The working days are relatively hot compared to non-working days (weekend). Furthermore, the location of the nucleus of the UHI is shifted from Chow Kit area to Puduraya area. In addition to this, it shows that, there is an increase in the intensity of the UHI of the city of Kuala Lumpur since last similar studies done in 1985 as compared to this study done in December 2004. It finds that, the increase in the intensity of the UHI of the city is 1.5o C, which is a recognized value whenever the human health and comfort are the concern.
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Guo, Nana, Xinbin Liang, and Lingran Meng. "Evaluation of the Thermal Environmental Effects of Urban Ecological Networks—A Case Study of Xuzhou City, China." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 7744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137744.
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Urban heat islands (UHIs) constitute an important ecological problem in cities. Ecological space has a positive effect on UHI mitigation, which can be effectively organized in the form of ecological networks. In this study, the framework for structural UHI improvement based on ecological networks considering the source-corridor model is proposed to examine the spatial threshold of the thermal effect of ecological network factors. Additionally, the cooling mechanism of each constituent element in the ecological network context is further explored. The results demonstrate that (1) an obvious cold and heat island spatial aggregation distribution exists in the Xuzhou main urban area, and land of the same land use type exhibits the dual thermal environmental properties of cold and heat islands through its spatial distribution and characteristics. Ecological space is the main bearing area of cold islands. (2) The ecological network in the main urban area of Xuzhou city occurs at a moderately complex level, and the overall network efficiency is acceptable; the network connectivity is low, while the network loop distribution is uneven. (3) Ecological networks represent an effective spatial means to improve overall UHI patterns. The ecological source area cooling threshold is 300 m, and the optimal threshold is 100 m, while the ecological corridor width threshold is 500 m and 60 m, respectively. (4) Within the optimal threshold in the context of ecological networks, the temperature of ecological sources in category G land is influenced by NDBI and FVC; ecological corridors are mainly influenced by NDBI. The results can provide a quantitative basis for urban ecological network planning considering UHI improvement and a reference for urban thermal environment research within different ecological substrates and planning and control systems in other countries and regions worldwide.
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Wen, Xing Ping, and Xiao Feng Yang. "Urban Heat Island Monitoring and Analysis Using Landsat ETM+/TM Imageries." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.3.
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In recently years, Urban Heat island (UHI) is one of the hottest topics in urban climate. The present paper discusses heat islands at Guangzhou metropolis, the capital of Guangdong Province in southern China. TM/ETM+ imageries acquired in 1990, 2000, and 2002 are used to retrieval land surface temperature. Firstly, the ETM+/TM imageries are calibrated using parameter header file. Then, the radiance is transformed into brightness temperature and its standard normal distribution. Finally, building method of three dimension urban heat island perspective image is experimented. Comparing images of brightness temperature and its standard normal distribution, it concludes that the higher temperature areas increase year by year. This accordes with the annual average temperatures of Guangzhou increased year by year. The distributions of higher temperature areas concentrate at Yuexiu and Luogang in 1990. However, in 2000, the higher temperature large areas in Luogang are disappeared due to urban greening, and the higher temperature areas spread in other districts. As well as, in 2002, the higher temperature area distributions are dispersion and fragment, so the UHI intensity is mitigated to some degree. Three dimension urban heat island perspective image exhibits heat island distribution visually.
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Zhao, Hongbo, Hao Zhang, Changhong Miao, Xinyue Ye, and Min Min. "Linking Heat Source–Sink Landscape Patterns with Analysis of Urban Heat Islands: Study on the Fast-Growing Zhengzhou City in Central China." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2018): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081268.
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Globally, the urban heat island (UHI) effect is a major problem which leads to urban residents suffering from adverse urban ecological environments and serious health risks. Understanding the impacts of urban landscape features on the thermal environment has been an important focus across various fields of research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of urban heat source–sink landscape patterns on urban heat islands, using the fast-growing Zhengzhou City in central China as the case study. Landsat data (captured in 1996, 2006, and 2014), various geospatial approaches, and correlation analysis were applied to facilitate the analysis. Based on the contributions of the urban landscape to land surface temperature (LST), we empirically identified the heat sources and heat sinks. Then, the composition and configurations of heat source and sink landscapes were estimated by a series of spatial metrics at the landscape and class levels. The results showed that the overall mean land surface temperature (LST) in the study area increased by 2.72 °C from 1996 to 2014. This observed increasing trend in overall mean LST is consistent with the process of rapid urbanization in the study area, which was evidenced by the dramatic increase in impervious surfaces and the substantial loss in vegetation cover. Generally, as observed, landscape composition has a stronger influence on LST than does landscape configuration. For heat sources, the proportion, size, aggregation, and density of patches have positive effects on LST, while adjusting the spatial distribution and abundance of urban landscape are effective ways to control the UHI effects. In contrast, the percentage, size, density, and aggregation of heat sink patches have negative effects on LST. Additionally, the effects of increasing total patch edges and shape complexity should be considered when mitigating the UHI effect. These findings are beneficial for furthering our understanding of how urban landscape patterns affect UHI, and they can help optimize urban landscape patterns to alleviate the UHI effect and enhance sustainable development in the study area.
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Chen, Ziyi, Xiaoqian Lin, Mingzhe Li, Ye Chen, Yabing Huang, Yujie Zhu, Jiaxin Chen, Taoyu Li, Weicong Fu, and Jianwen Dong. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Characteristics and Landscape Connectivity of Heat Islands in Xiamen in the Face of Rapid Urbanization." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2023): 14603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914603.
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With the acceleration of urbanization, urban heat waves have become a major problem affecting the lives of citizens. In this context, the accurate identification of the key patches and nodes of urban heat islands is important for improving the urban environment. This study examined the Landsat image data from Xiamen city in 2001, 2011, and 2021 to analyze the construction of the urban heat island (UHI) network. A morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity model were utilized to identify the central thermal landscape patches and key nodes of UHI and their spatial and temporal evolution characteristics in the urban development process. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide valuable insights that can contribute to the enhancement of the urban environment. The results showed that (1) there was a significant increase in the heat island area (HIA) of Xiamen from 2001 to 2021, and the heat island patches show a concentrated trend. The temperature contrast between the urban area and the surrounding countryside was more distinct, indicating the urban construction land has a tendency to gather and spread. (2) The core area of the heat island accounted for the largest proportion of the thermal landscape area during the study period, and its proportion increased significantly. And the rate of increase was first rapid and then slow. The areas of the edge, branch, islet, bridge, loop, and perforation classes all showed different degrees of a decreasing trend. This indicates an increasing degree of aggregation between heat island patches. (3) The top 20 thermal landscape patches with high landscape connectivity importance values were identified. Among them, the importance value and area of the first four patches are relatively large, and belong to the three importance classes of extremely important, important, and generally important heat island core patches, which deserve focused attention and optimization. (4) Cooling measures can be prioritized for core areas of heat islands with high importance values. Connections between hot and cold islands can be interrupted or connected to mitigate the heat island effect throughout the region. The results of this study have important practical guidance for urban planning and sustainable development.
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Leal Filho, Walter, Franziska Wolf, Ricardo Castro-Díaz, Chunlan Li, Vincent N. Ojeh, Nestor Gutiérrez, Gustavo J. Nagy, et al. "Addressing the Urban Heat Islands Effect: A Cross-Country Assessment of the Role of Green Infrastructure." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020753.
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The Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect is a microclimatic phenomenon that especially affects urban areas. It is associated with significant temperature increases in the local microclimate, and may amplify heat waves. Due to their intensity, UHI causes not only thermal discomfort, but also reductions in the levels of life quality. This paper reviews the important role of green infrastructure as a means through which the intensity of UHI may be reduced, along with their negative impact on human comfort and wellbeing. Apart from a comprehensive review of the available literature, the paper reports on an analysis of case studies in a set of 14 cities in 13 countries representing various geographical regions and climate zones. The results obtained suggest that whereas UHI is a common phenomenon, green infrastructure in urban areas may under some conditions ameliorate their impacts. In addition, the study revealed that the scope and impacts of UHI are not uniform: depending on peculiarities of urban morphologies, they pose different challenges linked to the microclimate peculiar to each city. The implications of this paper are threefold. Firstly, it reiterates the complex interrelations of UHIs, heat waves and climate change. Secondly, it outlines the fact that keeping and increasing urban green resources leads to additional various benefits that may directly or indirectly reduce the impacts of UHI. Finally, the paper reiterates the need for city planners to pay more attention to possible UHI effects when initiating new building projects or when adjusting current ones.
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Oliveira, Ana, António Lopes, Ezequiel Correia, Samuel Niza, and Amílcar Soares. "Heatwaves and Summer Urban Heat Islands: A Daily Cycle Approach to Unveil the Urban Thermal Signal Changes in Lisbon, Portugal." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030292.
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Lisbon is a European Mediterranean city, greatly exposed to heatwaves (HW), according to recent trends and climate change prospects. Considering the Atlantic influence, air temperature observations from Lisbon’s mesoscale network are used to investigate the interactions between background weather and the urban thermal signal (UTS) in summer. Days are classified according to the prevailing regional wind direction, and hourly UTS is compared between HW and non-HW conditions. Northern-wind days predominate, revealing greater maximum air temperatures (up to 40 °C) and greater thermal amplitudes (approximately 10 °C), and account for 37 out of 49 HW days; southern-wind days have milder temperatures, and no HWs occur. Results show that the wind direction groups are significantly different. While southern-wind days have minor UTS variations, northern-wind days have a consistent UTS daily cycle: a diurnal urban cooling island (UCI) (often lower than –1.0 °C), a late afternoon peak urban heat island (UHI) (occasionally surpassing 4.0 °C), and a stable nocturnal UHI (1.5 °C median intensity). UHI/UCI intensities are not significantly different between HW and non-HW conditions, although the synoptic influence is noted. Results indicate that, in Lisbon, the UHI intensity does not increase during HW events, although it is significantly affected by wind. As such, local climate change adaptation strategies must be based on scenarios that account for the synergies between potential changes in regional air temperature and wind.
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Wen, Cong, Hajigul Sayit, Ali Mamtimin, Yu Wang, Jian Peng, Ailiyaer Aihaiti, Meiqi Song, et al. "The Role of Subsurface Changes and Environmental Factors in Shaping Urban Heat Islands in Southern Xinjiang." Remote Sensing 16, no. 21 (November 1, 2024): 4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16214089.
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The urban heat island (UHI) effect is one of the most prominent surface climate changes driven by human activities. This study examines the UHI characteristics and influencing factors in the Southern Xinjiang urban agglomeration using MODIS satellite data combined with observational datasets. Our results reveal a significant increase in impervious surfaces in the region between 1995 and 2015, with the most rapid expansion occurring from 2010 to 2015. This urban expansion is the primary driver of changes in UHI intensity. The analysis from 2000 to 2015 shows substantial spatial variation in UHI effects across cities. Hotan recorded the highest annual average daytime UHI intensity of 3.7 °C, while Aksu exhibited the lowest at approximately 1.6 °C. Daytime UHI intensity generally increased during the study period, with the highest intensities observed in the summer. However, nighttime UHI trends varied across cities, with most showing an increase in intensity. Temperature, precipitation, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) were identified as the main factors influencing annual average daytime UHI intensity, while PM10 concentration showed a weak and inconsistent correlation with UHI intensity, varying by city and season.
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Worsa-Kozak, Magdalena, and Adalbert Arsen. "Groundwater Urban Heat Island in Wrocław, Poland." Land 12, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030658.
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In the face of climate change and constantly progressing urbanization processes, so-called heat islands are observed with growing frequency. These phenomena are mainly characteristic of large cities, where increased air and land surface temperatures form an atmospheric (AUHI) or surface (SUHI) urban heat island (UHI). Moreover, UHIs have also been recognized in the underground environments of many cities worldwide, including groundwater (GUHI). However, this phenomenon is not yet as thoroughly studied as AUHI and SUHI. To recognize and characterize the thermal conditions beneath the city of Wrocław (SW, Poland), we analyze the groundwater temperature (GWT) of the first aquifer, measured in 64 wells in 2004–2005. The study aimed to identify groundwater urban heat islands (GUHI) in Wrocław. Therefore, we used a novel approach to gather data and analyze them in predefined seasonal periods. Meteorological data and satellite imagery from the same period allowed us to link GWT anomalies to the typical conditions that favor UHI formation. GWT anomaly related to the GUHI was identified in the central, urbanized part of Wrocław. Moreover, we found that the GUHI phenomenon occurs only seasonally during the winter, which is related to the city’s climate zone and anthropogenic heat sources. Comparing our results with previous works from other cities showed untypical behavior of the observed anomalies. In contrast to AUHI and SUHI temperatures, the GWT anomalies detected in Wrocław are characterized by seasonal transitions from a heat island in winter to a cold lake in summer. Such a transitional character of GUHI is described for the first time.
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Yadav, Avinash, Ravish Kumar, and Sneha Swarup. "Remote Sensing Image-Based Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Relation to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): A Case Study of Patna Municipal Corporation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48777.
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Abstract: The consequences of population growth and urbanization on the urban environment, climate, and water supply have caused a wide range of issues. As a result of the rapid urbanization process, vegetation covers are being converted by impervious and dry concrete covers. This has led to the growth of "heat islands," where urban areas experience warmer temperatures than the areas surrounding them. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a human-caused environmental phenomenon that has a wide range of impacts on city dwellers, including changing the vegetation cover and its usage, which alters the thermal energy flow and raises surface and air temperatures. Such heat islands have far-reaching impacts for cities, the most significant of which is an increase in the expense of maintaining a safe living and working environment. The major objective of this study is to examine multitemporal Land Surface Temperature (LST)/Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) from 1990 to 2022. The Landsat satellite data sets for the years 1990, 2001, 2011, and 2022 have used to investigate the impact of UHI/LST in relation to NDVI in the study area. The most significant change has been observed in vegetation cover (NDVI), which has declined compared to other types of land use land cover. According to the study, built-up area and barren land have high temperatures, whereas vegetated covers and water bodies have lower temperatures. The LST of some portion of study area is high due to the high population density and high percentage of built-up and concrete cover. The LST over the study area has risen on average by 6.88 °C between 1990 and 2022. The regression line provided a conclusive answer, demonstrating a strong negative relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and UHI of PMC. According to the findings of this study, a major transition has occurred in PMC in terms of a decline in NDVI due to a rapid growth in urban expansion, and other infrastructure projects. To study urban climate and interactions between people and the environment, land surface temperature (LST) variations within cities are of utmost importance in respect to ascertain the LST/Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and NDVI variations in PMC. While developing urbanization, the environmental impact must be taken into account.
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Irawati, D., R. Noviani, and M. G. Rindarjono. "Effect urban development on urban heat island in Depok Subdistrict, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1180, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1180/1/012021.
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Abstract Urban development follows population growth caused by various factors, both natural and non-natural. The increasing number of residents in Depok Subdistrict makes the demand for land also increase. Residential land that continues to develop can cause temperature conditions in Depok Subdistrict to increase or known as Urban Heat Island. This study purpose to determine how the influence of urban development on the Urban Heat Island phenomenon and to analyze the Urban Heat Island and land surface temperatures. This study concludes that there has been an urban heat island in Depok Subdistrict in 2014 with a distribution area of 49% of the total area of Depok Subdistrict and 51% non-UHI with a UHI threshold of 26.18°C. Meanwhile, in 2019 there was a decrease in UHI. to 30% of the total area and 70% are in non-UHI areas with a UHI threshold of 27.18°C. Although there is a decrease in UHI, the surface temperature of the soil has increased from 29.78°C to 31.10°C. In Depok Subdistrict population density does not affect the UHI value but the surface tribe value does affect the UHI index value.
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Cuce, Pinar Mert, Erdem Cuce, and Mattheos Santamouris. "Towards Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Cities: Mitigating Urban Heat Islands Through Green Infrastructure." Sustainability 17, no. 3 (February 6, 2025): 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031303.
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Rapidly increasing construction and agglomeration in urban areas have made the urban heat island (UHI) problem a turning point for the world, as a result of notably rising earth temperature every year. UHI and its impacts on climate are somewhat linked to weather-related matters, natural disasters and disease outbreaks. Given the challenges posed by urbanisation and industrialisation in achieving sustainability, it is crucial to adopt intelligent and decisive measures to mitigate the adverse outcomes of UHI. Greenery surfaces have long been a significant focus of scientific research and policy development, reflecting their pivotal role in combating urban heat islands and promoting sustainable urban environments. This study critically reviews the potential of green infrastructure, including green roofs, facades, shrubs, and trees, so as to minimise UHI impacts in severe urban contexts. By synthesising findings from a wide range of empirical studies, it highlights key outcomes such as reductions in surface temperatures by up to 2 °C and improvements in outdoor thermal comfort indices by over 10 °C under specific conditions. Additionally, the paper introduces a comprehensive framework for integrating greenery systems into urban planning, combining passive cooling, air quality enhancement, and energy efficiency strategies. The findings reveal that extensive green roofs, in particular, are highly effective in reducing indoor cooling demands, while strategically placed trees offer significant shading and evapotranspiration benefits. This work provides actionable insights for policymakers and urban planners to boost sustainable and climate-resilient cities whilst addressing gaps in current research related to the long-term performance and cost-effectiveness of green infrastructure solutions.