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Stefanus, Stefanus, and Nina Carina. "URBAN BIKE HUB CISAUK." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i1.10769.
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The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred has resulted in the emergence of the cycling phenomenon which has returned to life in various countries including Indonesia. The use of bicycles during the pandemic has been shown to be a means of transportation, exercise and recreation. This can have positive consequences both for the city and for the health benefits that are obtained from cycling so that the cycling phenomenon that is rife should be welcomed and supported so that it can become part of the lifestyle to come. Bike Hub, which is located in the Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) area, has become an embryo for the Jabodetabek area as a building that accommodates park & ride functions oriented towards users of the Cisauk train station, as well as accommodating bicycle hobbyists in the surrounding area. Keywords: commuter; cycling; cyclist; dwellingAbstrakPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi mengakibatkan munculnya fenomena bersepeda yang kembali marak di berbagai negara tak terkecuali Indonesia. Penggunaan sepeda selama masa pandemi ada yang digunakan sebagai alat transportasi, berolahraga maupun rekreasi. Hal ini dapat berakibat positif baik bagi kota maupun bagi manfaat kesehatan yang didapatkan dari bersepeda sehingga fenomena bersepeda yang sedang marak ini seharusnya disambut dan didukung agar dapat menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup yang akan datang. Bike Hub yang bertempatkan di kawasan Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) menjadi embrio bagi kawasan Jabodetabek sebagai bangunan yang mewadahi fungsi park & ride yang berorientasi ke pengguna stasiun kereta api Cisauk, juga mengakomodasi penghobi sepeda bagi kawasan sekitarnya.
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Ndiaye, Modou, and Meissa Birima Fall. "Resources for the Promotion of Sustainable Urban Development: The Case of the New Town of Diamniadio." OALib 09, no. 11 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1109410.
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Zhong, Wei, Zhicai Juan, Fang Zong, and Huishuang Su. "Hierarchical hub location model and hybrid algorithm for integration of urban and rural public transport." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 4 (April 2018): 155014771877326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718773263.
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Integration of urban and rural infrastructure is critical to integrating urban and rural public transport. A public transport hub is an important element of infrastructure, and it is the key facilities that serve as transferring points between cities and towns. The location of hub is related to the convenience of travel for urban and rural residents and the closeness of economic interactions between urban and rural areas. In this article, considering the background of the integration of urban and rural public transport, from the perspective of public transport hubs in urban and central town, a multi-level hub-and-spoke network is designed, and the location of integration of urban and rural public transport hub is determined. Based on the connection associated with central towns and the capacity constraints of hubs and to achieve the minimum total cost, this article proposes a mixed-integer programming model that employs a genetic and tabu search hybrid optimization algorithm to validate and analyze, which used the urban and rural public transport data from a specified area of Shandong province in China. The results indicate that the model can simultaneously determine locations for hubs in cities and central towns while minimizing total cost. The hub capacity constraint significantly influences the location of two-level hubs. The hub capacity constraint in the model can reduce the transportation cost for an entire network and optimize the transportation network. This study on urban and rural public transport hub location in a hub-and-spoke network not only reduces the transportation cost of the network but also completes and supplements the location theory of integration of urban and rural public transport.
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Faye, Khadim, Fatou Samb, Pape Sanou Faye, and Yves Berthaud. "Factors Predisposing and Triggering the Phenomenon of Shrinkage-Swelling of Clay Soils in the Urban Center of Diamniadio." Geomaterials 13, no. 02 (2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gm.2023.132002.
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Zhang, Baosheng. "How does transportation hub status promote the urban economic development? — the mediating effect analysis of innovation." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503051.
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A good traffic hub position has important significance for the development of a city, but it also strengthens the polarization effect, diffusion effect and return effect of the regional central cities for other cities. Does the development of urban hub economy strengthen or weaken these effects? Does hub effect also need other conditions to promote urban economic development? From the perspective of technological innovation, this paper analyses the mediating effect of technology absorption and innovation in the process of urban transportation hub promoting economic development. It is found that the people flow effect in the hub effect can better promote the economic development of cities through the mediating role of knowledge absorptive and innovative ability. In the influence of logistics effect on urban economic development, the mediating role of knowledge absorptive and innovative ability is not significant.
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Huang, Jia. "Integrated Layout and Transfer of Urban Rail Transit Hubs." Journal of Architectural Research and Development 6, no. 4 (July 25, 2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jard.v6i4.4218.
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This paper is engaged in the research of urban rail transit hub integration and transfer. Firstly, this paper focuses on the space division, the aggregation form of hub subsystems, the spatial layout of hub subsystems, and the design of integrated functions to achieve an integrated layout. In addition, this study also conducted a selection of transfer classification and transfer station layout of urban rail transit hubs, with the aims to promote the improvement of the functions of urban rail transit hubs, the rationality of transfers, and to improve the service quality of the hub system which meet the demand of the public travel.
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Kun, Tian. "Study on the connection mode of comprehensive hub based on urban traffic network." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302013.
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Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of various modes of transportation, the network integrated transportation hub planning is undergoing new changes. Comprehensive hub is not only an important carrier to connect multiple transportation modes, but also reflects the overall transportation efficiency and service level of different transportation modes. How to improve the passenger flow organization efficiency of urban comprehensive transportation hub is of great practical significance. Based on the proportion of traffic hub functional areas as the breakthrough point, relying on a comprehensive traffic hub in Binhai New Area of Tianjin, this paper aims to optimize the weight relationship among the functional areas of the comprehensive traffic hub, allocate the location and spatial sequence relationship of each functional area based on the weight relationship, and discuss the problem of improving the passenger flow organization efficiency of the comprehensive traffic hub and the corresponding measures. The research results show that intercity station buildings have high proportion and large scale in the comprehensive hub, and should be arranged in an important central position.
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Monzón, Andrés, Sara Hernández, and Floridea Di Ciommo. "Efficient Urban Interchanges: The City-HUB Model." Transportation Research Procedia 14 (2016): 1124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.183.
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Erlikh, Anton, and Natalia Erlikh. "Determining the optimal location of an urban transport interchange hub." Revista Ingeniería UC 28, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i3.42.
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Several possible options for the location of Pyatiletka transport interchange hub in the Samara city district are considered. In order to determine the optimal option, the hub location is compared by several parameters. Such values as passenger traffic, existing routes of urban public transport, priority directions of passenger traffic, and capital investments in construction are selected as optimization parameters. To determine the values of passenger traffic, an analysis of the existing passenger traffic was performed, with its allocation by capacity and routing. The unevenness of passenger traffic by days of the week and periods of the day is determined, the minimum and maximum values of passenger traffic are revealed, as well as its fluctuations over the considered periods. The construction of public urban transport routes allowed to identify the busiest routes and the availability of transport for different variants of the transport interchange hub location. The options of organizing the possible arrival/departure of urban public transport to/from the transport interchange hub are considered. Using the obtained data, a SWOT analysis was performed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each hub placement option and the optimal variant was selected.
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Hickling, Ben. "Resilient Hub." Asylum 1 (November 22, 2023): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/aslm.2023111.
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The proposal describes a community hub; a site located within the suburban and urban built environment, made up of an arrangement of community-run buildings and facilities. Modern sustainable technologies and building typologies will be promoted and community interaction encouraged. Multiple functions will work in unison, with all members of the surrounding community interfacing with it. Through participation, collaboration and creative contribution, the Resilient Hub will demonstrate in a tangible, real-time way the connection between energy, water, food production, food preparation, food consumption, compost and energy use. The knowledge and practices gained will proliferate in community members’ daily practices and help to accelerate the uptake of sustainable technology, building construction and use. Involving the community at the design stage will further integrate the relevance of these sustainable methods. All these aspects combine to challenge us to think in a more integrated way about our future neighbourhoods and how all aspects of them are part of an interconnected system.
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Shen, Rui Guang, and Yu Long Pei. "A Parking Demand Forecasting Method for Urban Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hub Oriented High-Speed Rail." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.828.
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Although traffic development brings convenience to citizen, problems such as parking, traffic transferring, caused by passenger transport hub have aroused extensive attention from society. Based on teasing parking demand hierarchy and willingness choice, concept of expected utility is introduced to uncover logical relationship among transport hub, influence factors, and parking demand. Data about parking facilities and their characteristics, parker desire, characterization parameters related with hub, are surveyed and collected to analyze and confirm the key influence factors on the basis of urban comprehensive passenger transport hub oriented high-speed rail, for setting up the relation model between parking demand at synthesis passenger hub and its impact factors, which is used to propose the forecasting method of parking demand at the comprehensive passenger transport hub oriented high-speed rail.
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Ji, Yuxiong, Yujing Zheng, Jizhou Zhao, Yu Shen, and Yuchuan Du. "A Multimodal Passenger-and-Package Sharing Network for Urban Logistics." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 20, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6039032.
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This paper envisions a multimodal passenger-and-package sharing (PPS) network for urban logistics integrating metro, taxi, and truck. A hub-and-spoke structure is designed including hubs located at metro stations and service stores connected to the hubs. Packages are transported by metro on backbone links between the hubs and are carried by taxis or trucks between service stores and hubs, depending on the unit costs of these two modes and capacity constraint of the taxi. A mixed integer linear programming model for hub location problems—fusing the multiassignment p-hub median problem without capacity constraints and the capacitated multiassignment p-hub covering problem—is formulated to optimize the multimodal PPS network. The model is implemented based on the real-world data in Shanghai (China) under a series of scenarios to evaluate the network performance from two perspectives: the number of hubs and the proportion of taxi drivers who are willing to carry packages. The scenarios show that with increased number of hubs, the spatial distribution of hubs disperses from the city center to peripheral areas and more areas can be serviced by taxis. There is, however, a trade-off between the operation cost saved by taxis and the establishment cost of an extra hub. The analysis also presents that if the proportion of taxis willing to carry packages associates with the incentive payments to taxi drivers, an optimal value of incentives exists, by balancing the operation costs of taxis and trucks.
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Moskvichev, Oleg, and Svetlana Leonova. "Organization of coordinated functioning of various types of passenger transport in transport-interchange hubs." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 06 (December 31, 2021): 1793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i06.13160.
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The article deals with the organization of high-quality interaction of various types of passenger transport in the transport- interchange hub. Urban and regional interchange hubs are being studied. A methodology based on the use of quantitative methods and implemented with the help of software products (the developed program "Effective transfers" and the well-known simulation modeling programs PTV Visum, AnyLogic) is suggested. This method is applicable for any city and includes 3 stages. At the first stage, the number of passengers in the transport-interchange hubs who transfer from one type of urban public transport to another is predicted; the direction of passenger traffic is determined; urban routes that require schedule approval are chosen. At the second stage, the number of passengers who use the considered transport-interchange hub to transfer from suburban, intercity transport to urban modes of transport is predicted. At the third stage, the schedule of all types of transport is coordinated; the need for rolling stock is determined; passenger traffic is modeled and studied at the hub in order to rationally organize the planning structure of the transport-interchange hub. The obtained scientific results can be used in the design of a system of transport and transfer hubs and planning the placement of transport and social facilities on the territory of the transport-interchange hub.
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Handrich, Melanie, Sebastian Merkle, Niels Christ, and Bernd Bienzeisler. "Das Parkhaus der Zukunft als vernetzter „Urban Hub“." Bautechnik 98, no. 6 (April 9, 2021): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bate.202100024.
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Yu, Jie, Yue Liu, Gang-Len Chang, and Xiao-Guang Yang. "Cluster-Based Optimization of Urban Transit Hub Locations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2042, no. 1 (January 2008): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2042-12.
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Karnadi, Jefferson Fritzgerald, and Sutrisnowati Machdijar. "URBAN ENTERTAINMENT HUB DI KAWASAN PANTAI INDAH KAPUK." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4385.
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Jakarta as a busy city has an interpretation that describes the city with its density and irregularity. The city is busy inhabited by residents who race against time where city life runs for 24 hours. Jakarta is ranked 25th as a city with a high level of stress, this is possible because Jakarta is the center of government and business center. At the same time, there is an increasing need for Jakarta's entertainment and recreation to release stress in everyday life in urban areas. To eliminate boredom, a person needs to do activities that are different from his daily routine, so that the person can feel refreshed to do the activity well. Shopping is one of the activities carried out by the community to release fatigue. Therefore, a new container created a "shopping center" that was in accordance with the pattern and behavior of the millennial generation in removing their fatigue. A new container that is not only a shopping center in general, but also represent programs that can increase social value and provide control due to changes in patterns and behavior of the community.Abstrak Jakarta sebagai kota sibuk memiliki interpretasi yang menggambarkan kota dengan kepadatan serta ketidak -teraturannya. Kota sibuk dihuni oleh para penduduk yang berpacu dengan waktu dimana kehidupan kota tersebut berjalan selama 24 jam. Jakarta menempati peringkat ke-25 sebagai kota dengan tingkat stress yang cukup tinggi, hal ini dimungkinkan karena Jakarta merupakan pusat pemerintahan dan pusat bisnis. Disaat yang bersamaan, terjadinya peningkatan kebutuhan akan hiburan dan rekreasi masyarakat Jakarta untuk melepas stress dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di perkotaan. Untuk menghilangkan kejenuhan, seseorang perlu melakukan kegiatan yang berbeda dari rutinitas sehari-hari, sehingga orang tersebut dapat merasa segar kembali untuk melakukan aktifitas dengan baik. Berbelanja merupakan salah satu aktifitas yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk melepaskan rasa penat. Oleh karena itu, perancangan kali ini menciptakan “shopping center” yang sesuai dengan pola dan tingkah laku generasi milenial dalam menghilangkan rasa penat mereka. Sebuah wadah baru yang tidak hanya menjadi pusat pembelanjaan pada umumnya, tetapi juga menghadirkan program-program yang dapat meningkatkan nilai sosial serta memberi kontrol akibat perubahan pola dan tingkah laku masyarakat.
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Faugère, Louis, Chelsea White, and Benoit Montreuil. "Mobile Access Hub Deployment for Urban Parcel Logistics." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 7213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177213.
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Last-mile logistics is an essential yet highly expensive component of city logistics responsible for many nuisances in urban areas. Mobile access hubs are flexible consolidation and transshipment points aiming at creating more sustainable city logistics systems by dynamically using urban space as logistics facilities. In this paper, we examine the potential of mobile access hub deployments for urban parcel logistics by identifying the impact of design parameters on economic and environmental performance. We propose a mathematical modeling framework and an integer program to assess the performance of mobile access hub deployments, and study the impact of a set of design parameters through synthetic cases and an illustrative case inspired from a large parcel express carrier’s operations. Results indicate design flexibility relative to the location of hubs and pronounced advantages in highly variable environments. The illustrative case shows significant savings potential in terms of cost and time efficiency as well as environmental sustainability. It emphasizes a trade-off between operational efficiency and environmental sustainability that can be balanced to achieve global sustainability goals while being economically sound.
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Ley, David. "The Immigrant Church as an Urban Service Hub." Urban Studies 45, no. 10 (September 2008): 2057–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098008094873.
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Sal'nikova, Anna, Aushra Banite, Dmitriy Plotnikov, and Aleksandr Kashtalinskiy. "Formation of Transport Hub System in Urban Agglomeration." Transport automation research 9, no. 1 (March 13, 2023): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2023-9-01-87-98.
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The article presents a methodology for optimizing transport costs with the use of modeling in PTV Visum software package. Based on the analysis of transport problems in large urban agglomerations, a quality criterion was chosen for the assessment of passenger transport performance. An approach has been proposed to introduce transport hub systems with the purpose to minimize time spending on transfer, in particular, and on trip by public transport in a whole. This optimization method for transport spending represents an algorithm of 3 key blocks: the formation of transport model for being studied agglomeration, the placement conditions and the choice of transport hub locations. The model is formed on the base of 4-step approach, the trips distribution in a network is based on entropy approach which is considered in the second section in more details. The placement conditions go from an idea to minimize time total spending on moving, the number of hubs being introduced is limited by their construction financing.
The approach application is demonstrated on the example of northwestern urban agglomeration Sertolovo-Osinovaya Roshcha-Pargolovo which represents being actively built-up residential districts on St. Petersburg city border. The specificities of its transport network, including also hubs and highways with complicated traffic, are determined. Based on open sources and statistical data, a transport model was developed, its calibration was pursued. 3 options for placing transport hubs on network of the agglomeration are presented. As a result of the research, the analysis for the options of transport hub placements is presented and the most promising option from the view of purpose meaning achievement for hub placement in being considered agglomeration is proposed.
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Zhong, Gang, Jian Zhang, Linchao Li, Xiaoxuan Chen, Fan Yang, and Bin Ran. "Analyzing Passenger Travel Demand Related to the Transportation Hub inside a City Area using Mobile Phone Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 50 (June 5, 2018): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774671.
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The passenger transportation hub plays a crucial role in the urban transportation system. Analyzing transportation hub related travel demand is necessary to support urban transportation planning and management. However, it is difficult to use the traditional travel survey methods to study travel demand because tracking passenger travel trajectories is a near impossible task. The location information from the cellular system provides a feasible way to solve the problem. This paper concentrates on applying mobile phone data to study passenger travel demand related to the Hongqiao transportation hub in Shanghai, China. First, a method is introduced to collect passenger travel information related to the hub from mobile phone data. Then, travel demand indexes are presented to characterize the travel demand in a visual way. Finally, transportation corridors, which connect the hub and other urban areas, are identified to analyze the distribution of travel demand more thoroughly. The results illustrate that the passenger travel demand shows an obvious tide pattern in the city area with the Hongqiao transportation hub as the center. Moreover, there are two identified transportation corridors which reveal the major distribution directions of the passengers, that is, the city center and the Zizhu industrial development zone. The approach in this study testifies that mobile phone data has great potential for transportation planning and management related to transportation hubs.
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Broman, Kristy K., Elizabeth Ross, Rob Weech-Maldonado, and Smita Bhatia. "102 Characterization of Hub and Spoke Facilities for Study of Surgical Care within United States Health Systems." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (April 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.24.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: An increasing number of hospitals and provider groups are consolidating into larger health systems, which hold potential to improve access to and quality of surgical cancer care through clinical integration across sites. In order to study clinical integration, we sought to develop: METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Hospital data from the American Hospital Association were merged with data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Compendium of United States Health Systems. For each health system with more than one acute care hospital, the hospital with the highest surgical volume (inpatient and outpatient) was categorized as the hub hospital while all other hospitals were categorized as spokes. We evaluated the concentration of case volumes at hub versus spoke hospitals and compared characteristics of these hospitals and their surrounding communities using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Within 624 health systems containing 3,554 hospitals, 355 hospitals were characterized as hub hospitals and had 2,645 affiliated spoke hospitals (median 17 spokes per hub, range 2-151). Hub hospitals performed a median of 68% of all surgical cases (25th-75th percentile 44-87%) and were concentrated in metropolitan (88.5%) and urban areas (11.5%) with none in rural areas; spoke hospitals were located in metropolitan (67%), urban (28%) and rural (5%) areas. On multivariable analysis, spoke hospitals were more often located in rural and small urban counties (OR 9.49, CI 4.57-19.70) and took care of a higher percentage of patients with less than high school education (OR 1.06 for each 1% increase, CI 1.03-1.10) but with lower poverty rates (OR 0.90 for each 1% increase in % poverty, CI 0.86-0.95). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: For integrated health systems with multiple acute care hospitals, surgical volume is highest at a single hub hospital, supporting use of a hub-spoke taxonomy. Patient populations in counties with hub versus spoke hospitals differ in urban-rural location, poverty rates, and education level, which may impact access to quality care.
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Wang, Li, Lu Wei, Yong Zhong Zhang, and Zheng Xi Li. "Node Importance Assessment of Traffic Complex Network Based on C-Means Clustering." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.963.
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Hub nodes of urban traffic complex network are very important for region traffic signal control. Traditionally, region traffic signal control system like SCOOT/SCATS use traffic flow, vehicle queue and distance between junctions as reference in sub-control-area selection practice, in which process engineers’ experience should play importance roles. In this paper, node degree, node betweeness and high peak hour traffic flow are selected as indexes for traffic network node importance assessment. Moreover, C-Means clustering is applied to analysis which junction could be act as a hub node for regional traffic control. To test the effectiveness of this method, urban network around Chang’an Street in Beijing including almost fifty nodes, China is used as trail field. Data result shows Changchunjie, FuyoujieNankou and Hepingmen junction have high clustering characteristics when clustering number are 3, 4 and 5. And the clustering center shows very similar prosperities with real hub node in practice. In conclusion, the multi-index and clustering analysis could provide theoretical support for urban traffic complex network hub node assessment.
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Li, Yingcheng, and Nicholas Phelps. "Megalopolis unbound: Knowledge collaboration and functional polycentricity within and beyond the Yangtze River Delta Region in China, 2014." Urban Studies 55, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016656971.
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Recent work on world city networks, urban polycentricity and megapolitan urban forms share an interest in the economic functionality of inter-city linkages. The intersection of these bodies of literature is in the often overlooked defining features of megalopolitan forms – their being the ‘hub’ that links national to international urban systems and the ‘incubator’ within national urban systems (Gottmann, 1976). With this intersection in mind, this paper measures the functional polycentricity of China’s Yangtze River Delta Region (YRDR) at different geographical scales from an intercity knowledge collaboration perspective. The paper uses data on co-publications as an indicator of knowledge linkages between cities within and beyond this megalopolis. The YRDR can be seen as functionally polycentric at the megapolitan scale but this functional polycentricity decreases with increases in the geographical scale at which interurban linkages are considered. Furthermore, a multi-scalar analysis of functional polycentricity helps identify the hub role of Shanghai. The results show that Shanghai’s knowledge hub role is currently present at the national scale. It may take some time for Shanghai to become a knowledge hub at the global scale given its not-so-strong international links and relatively weak local links. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research agendas.
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Deng, Ya Qing, Jun Feng Wang, and Ke Han. "Design Application of Hub-and-Spoke Network Model in Urban Agglomeration Logistics Distribution System Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 4350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.4350.
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Hub-and-Spoke network that originated from the aircraft industry of USA has aroused the extensive concern from the business and academic circles. The range of Hub-and-Spoke network application extended to other scopes such as transportation and tourisms. On account of the obvious advantages of scale merit, agglomeration economies and space efficiency. Hub-and-Spoke network has been testified the effective organizational forms in the actual operation from the freights transportation to the production organization. Many research results about the Hub-and-Spoke network have been received presently, but there is rarely research on the applications of logistics industry, the formative mechanism, the combination with the regional economic policy etc under the special regional environment.
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Vlasov, Denis, and Anna Terekhova. "Determination of Regularities in the Development of Intermodal Hubs’ Planning Structure in «Smart» Cities." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701007.
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This article is an attempt to determine regularities in the development of transport and transfer hubs. One of the components of the “smart city” concept is the “smart transport”. The development of the transport system of a locality is one of the cornerstones for sustainable development of the urban territory, creating comfortable environment for human activities. The transport and transfer hub is the reference point of interaction between the urban environment and the transport infrastructure. When elaborating urban planning documentation for transfer hubs, special focus shall be made on the creation of comfortable and safe environment using the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) principles. At present, in Russia, the baseline document for territorial planning, which determines the limit parameters of the planned territory development, is the planning design. In Moscow and Moscow region, audacious transfer hub development programs have been adopted. Still, the regulatory and procedural framework for transfer hub planning is currently at the stage of elaboration. The goal of this study is to ascertain regularities between relevant and anticipated features of transfer hubs, based on approved hub plans in Moscow region. In particular, to reveal the dependence between the sizes of commercial areas making part of a hub, and the passenger traffic volume. The study uses the statistical method of regression analysis, which allows determining the function between dependent and independent variables. The model obtained can subsequently be used to calculate the limit parameters of the hub territory development, both at the stage of creating the hub development concept, and at the planning stage, to make well-grounded decisions as to limit parameters of the development.
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Zhuomin, Dai. "Analysis Model of Conventional Public Transport Hub Based on Grey Correlation Degree." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302029.
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With the continuous progress of urbanization in China, the urban public transport system has been developing in the direction of three-dimensional and diversified. As a physical carrier of various modes of transportation, the layout and operation efficiency of urban public transport hub directly affect the smoothness of the whole line network. In view of this, this paper carries out systematic analysis of the conventional bus hub and establishes an evaluation index system which can reflect the normal bus hub system effectively; Then, the paper evaluates the operation efficiency of the conventional bus hub system by using the grey correlation analysis theory; Finally, the case analysis is carried out to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value of the object and sort it. The results show that the positive indicators are the per capita transfer area, parking facility rate, transfer sign facility rate and transfer information timeliness. The results of this paper supplement and perfect the current analysis model of public transport hub. The results of the case study show that the model has a high practical value.
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Wang, Jihua, and Yan Chen. "Research on the Supply of Shared Bicycles in Subway Hub Stations-Taking the Subway Station of Zhengzhou People 's Hospital as an Example." American Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 9, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtte.20240901.11.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of shared bicycles, it has played a great role in alleviating urban traffic pressure and facilitating residents to go out to a certain extent. However, while solving the problem of the last kilometer of travel, the uneven distribution of shared bicycles in subway hub stations is becoming more and more serious, which has a certain impact on the quality of residents ' travel. This paper takes the supply of shared bicycles in urban subway hub stations as the research object, and observes and summarizes the characteristics of slow traffic flow near the entrances and exits of subway hub stations in the morning and evening peak hours. On the premise of ensuring the right of way for pedestrians, the supply and demand of shared bicycles in the subway hub station and the configuration of shared bicycles in the surrounding space of the subway hub station are comprehensively considered, and the supply of shared bicycles is predicted by the estimation model and the field data of the subway hub station are investigated, taking the subway station of Zhengzhou People 's Hospital as an example to carry out field research and predict the actual demand and supply of shared bicycles in the subway hub. Finally, the problems existing in the research on the supply of shared bicycles in metro hub stations and possible future research directions are summarized.
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Gong, Xiao Mei. "Research on Cooperative Scheduling and Design of Emergency Command System of Integrated Transport Hub." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.668.
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Integrated transport hub as an important node of urban public transport system, in this paper, in accordance with the need of Integrated transport hub emergency management, based on the concept of public safety priority, the system composition and functional features to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the function, details of the integrated transport hub cooperative scheduling with the goal of building emergency command system, the system function structure, function modules of the logical relationship. The system research to establish integrated transport hub system scheduling and emergency command system has guiding significance and promotion value.
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Aydin, Nezir, Sukran Seker, and Betül Özkan. "Planning Location of Mobility Hub for Sustainable Urban Mobility." Sustainable Cities and Society 81 (June 2022): 103843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103843.
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Zhang, Jianhua, Shuliang Wang, Zhaojun Zhang, Kuansheng Zou, and Zhan Shu. "Characteristics on hub networks of urban rail transit networks." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 447 (April 2016): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.12.060.
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Kato, Haruka, and Atsushi Takizawa. "Impact of the Urban Exodus Triggered by the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Shrinking Cities of the Osaka Metropolitan Area." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031601.
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This study aims to clarify the impact of the urban exodus triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic on shrinking cities in the Osaka metropolitan area, where a declining population is caused by population aging. Analyzing the Osaka metropolitan area enables us to clarify how cities are shrinking due to the urban exodus. This study analyzed the monthly population data of three types of municipalities: ordinance-designed/regional hub cities, ordinary cities, and towns/villages. In conclusion, the study clarified that population change due to the urban exodus occurred in the ordinance-designed/regional hub and ordinary cities from summer to autumn 2020. The most significant population increases occurred in the municipalities in the Osaka metropolitan fringe area, which are located more than 30 km away from the center of the Osaka metropolitan area. The conclusion is important because the population increased not only in the ordinance-designed cities but also in the ordinance-designed/regional hub cities, unlike the rest of the metropolitan area. The result is the new insights unique to the Osaka metropolitan area that this study clarified. The urban exodus contributes to the need for the local governments of shrinking cities to maintain the urban services necessary for people’s daily lives.
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Wu, Jun. "Study on the Model of Integrated Urban Rail Transit Hub Transfer Site Layout." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2133.
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Because of the special circumstances of transport development in China. This making the urban railway,suburban railway and other urban rail transportation in different ways in the operation, management and investors. This leads to urban rail transit between various modes of transport not reasonably coordinated and effective convergence, not only a waste of the countrys limited transport resources passenger travel back to a lot of inconvenience. Thus the author proposes to build urban rail transportation system integration hub transfer mode, in this mode, multi-stop not only help reduce the total time which visitors gather consumption, shorten the travel time, but also can ease urban traffic (especially the urban ground transportation) pressure. Meanwhile the author in this mode to establish a multi-objective optimization mode for integrated urban rail transit site layout, which is to minimize the total time consumption and the largest city in the railway passenger hub sharing rate of target.
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Volkodaeva, I. B., and L. S. Napreenko. "FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF TRANSPORT HUB IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Bulletin of Dubna International University for Nature, Society, and Man. Series: Natural and engineering sciences, no. 3 (44) (December 27, 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/1818-0744-2019-3-18-23.
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The article examines the prerequisites for creating a transport hub in an urban environment, ways to simplify navigation and increase passenger comfort by design methods. The classification of transport hubs is given, the features of their formation based on environmental conditions are highlighted, the requirements for transport hub are formulated. Thus, the development of the system of transport hubs leads to a decrease in comfort when using public transport and stimulates the rejection of personal transport, which in turn leads to a decrease in the load on the road transport network and reduced air pollution.
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Thawaba, Salem A. "Jerusalem Walls: Transforming and Segregating Urban Fabric." African and Asian Studies 10, no. 2-3 (2011): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x586997.
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AbstractJerusalem city witnessing last touches of constructing the Israeli wall that came as a part of a general strategy aim to separate the city from its periphery. The city, that includes about 400,000 Palestinians considered as the hub of fifty Palestinian communities. This structure is interlinked by complex cultural, social, and economic relationships. This aims to de facto annex vast areas to Israel using different means like land confiscations, colonial activities and finally constructing the wall in order to reach the city “Israelization”. Israel claims that Jerusalem is an open city as was declared immediately after 1967. On the ground, since 1967, Israel created different kinds of walls to divide Jerusalem into Palestinian enclaves and Israeli contiguous urban scheme (Hasson, 1996). This study investigates the impact of Israeli policies on Jerusalem area since 1948. Since then all planning practices were directed to isolate Jerusalem by cutting off all surrounding Arab communities. The aim of the study is to shed light on the hidden agenda of the Israeli planning strategies and its impact on the Palestinian urban structure. In order to assess the urban settings for the study area, aerial photos were analyzed, field visits, literature and historical review were conducted. The outcome of the study shows that Israeli planning machine in the area was aiming to enlarge “Greater Jerusalem” area by annexing as much land as possible within the city boundary. Another aim was to weaken and segregate the surrounding Palestinian communities in away to make it impossible for these communities to form a center as a Palestinian hub competing the historical hub of Jerusalem.
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Kaveh, Firoozeh, Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Chefi Triki, Yaser Rahimi, and Amin Jamili. "A new bi-objective model of the urban public transportation hub network design under uncertainty." Annals of Operations Research 296, no. 1-2 (November 8, 2019): 131–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03430-9.
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AbstractThis paper presents a new bi-objective multi-modal hub location problem with multiple assignment and capacity considerations for the design of an urban public transportation network under uncertainty. Because of the high construction costs of hub links in an urban public transportation network, it is not economic to create a complete hub network. Moreover, the demand is assumed to be dependent on the utility proposed by each hub. Thus, the elasticity of the demand is considered in this paper. The presented model also has the ability to compute the number of each type of transportation vehicles between every two hubs. The objectives of this model are to maximize the benefits of transportation by establishing hub facilities and to minimize the total transportation time. Since exact values of some parameters are not known in advance, a fuzzy multi-objective programming based approach is proposed to optimally solve small-sized problems. For medium and large-sized problems, a meta-heuristic algorithm, namely multi-objective particle swarm optimization is applied and its performance is compared with results from the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Our experimental results demonstrated the validity of our developed model and approaches. Moreover, an intensive sensitivity analyze study is carried out on a real-case application related to the monorail project of the holy city of Qom.
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Jiang, Jing Ling, and Chun Guang Jing. "Study on Influencing Factors of Passenger Transfer and Transfer Volume in Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hub." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.1194.
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Comprehensive passenger transport hub, the intersection of various means of transportation, its main function is to achieve "zero distance" transfer among different transportation means, meet travelers needs for efficient, safe, convenient and comfortable transfer, and maximize the services level of urban passenger transport. This paper conducts a research on influencing factors of passenger transfer in comprehensive passenger transport hub and the transfer volume of different transportation means. The result not only provides technical support for design of comprehensive passenger transport hub in future, but also shows application value in optimizing facilities of hub, and improving pedestrian traffic and self-organization science.
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Fan, Hong Ming, Kai Yuan He, Dan Zhang, and Zhi Fang Yin. "The Impact on the Flow of Fire Smoke when Rail Transit Hub Fans Delayed Open." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3098.
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Rail transit hub is key node in urban transportation system. The study on properties of ventilation and smoke control system can improve response ability in case of fire and give ventilation and smoke control design guidance for underground rail transit hub. Take Beijing DongZhimen underground rail transit hub as research object, according to its air turbulent flow characteristics, introducing standard turbulence model based on the N-S equation. Build the computational fluid dynamics model for solving the flow field within underground rail transit hub. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, take "Siamese model” results as the boundary condition and establish a mathematical model of rail transit hub with CFX. Then research fire smoke development and spread laws when the exhaust fan within underground rail transit hub delayed open.
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Bloch, Jens Hundevad, Krzysztof Janko, Thomas Thessen, Ole B. Jensen, and Claus Lassen. "Not all hubs are made equal: A case study of airport governance in Europe." European Urban and Regional Studies 28, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776421998727.
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The entire aviation industry was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving airplanes stranded and airports empty of the usual hustle. While the full consequences of this crisis are yet unknown, it only adds fuel to the ongoing debates about the future of the aviation sector, including airport capacity and environmental challenges facing many hub airports around Europe. While conventional aviation research describes the development of hub airports as a function of varying geo-economic variables, this research sheds light on the societal underpinnings of the makings of hub airports. From an airport governance perspective, a case study of four European hub airports, representing both expanding and struggling hubs, was conducted. Based on interviews with 31 airport stakeholders from four different countries (i.e. Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands and Switzerland) as well as a review of strategic and policy documents, the authors argue that the development of hub airports and their corresponding governance models is a non-linear process, informed to a great degree by societal and discursive factors. The authors conclude that developing and sustaining a well-functioning hub airport that supports regional development necessitates an active stance from local, regional and national authorities. A clear and strategic governance model is needed, one that is not limited to ownership and regulation questions, but one that guarantees a wide-ranging consensus among airport stakeholders. Finally, the paper provides a perspective on future potentials and challenges facing European hub airports.
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Napreenko, Lidia Sergeevna. "TPU-design: a range of colors and materials." Человек и культура, no. 2 (February 2021): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.2.35611.
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The object of this research is the transport hub in urban environment, while the subject is the engineering capacity of its design. Based on the previously conducted classification, the author determines the key trends in modern engineering practice, illustrated by the examples of Russian and foreign projects. The goal of this research is to explore the peculiarities of design characteristics of a transport hub in urban environment and give them a comprehensive description. Special attention is turned to characteristics as the range of colors and materials. The author examines the coloristic solution of the compositions of transport hub, as well as the impact of color perception upon the stress level of the passengers. The main results of this research consist in the determined coloristic characteristics of TPU-design depending on the spatial structure of the hub and its location in the urban environment. The novelty lies in the analysis of transport hubs from the perspective of design, as well as in outlining the term “TPU-design”, which characterizes the entirety of the elements of spatial composition and artistic-expressive means. The author's special contribution consists in accumulation and systematization of information on the most interesting projects of transport hubs from the perspective of the concept of “TPU-design”.
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Danilina, N. V., and S. V. Privezentseva. "AVAILABILITY OF TRANSFER HUB INFRASTRUCTURE TO LIMITED-MOBILITY PEOPLE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-1-82-90.
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This paper presents research into the formation of the inclusive urban environment in city transfer hubs. Research results are obtained in the field of availability to public facilities for disabled people, namely to transfer hubs. The analysis is given to the movement of disabled people according to different types of planning elements. The main principles are formulated for the development of planning solutions and parameters that meet requirements for the inclusive urban environment.
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Quaranta, Giovanni, Cristina Dalia, Luca Salvati, and Rosanna Salvia. "Building Resilience: An Art–Food Hub to Connect Local Communities." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2019): 7169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247169.
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Resilience thinking is an appropriate framework when assessing the transitional potential of complex urban systems. The transformation of abandoned spaces into local hubs attracting new and innovative activities and events promotes a socioeconomic renaissance in urban communities, by stimulating adaptation to change, enhancing local resilience and strengthening urban–rural links. Under the conceptual umbrella of resilience thinking, the present study illustrates the outcomes of an integrated program of research-action aimed at urban regeneration in a medium-sized, economically disadvantaged city in Southern Italy (Battipaglia, Campania). The transformation of an abandoned building into an ‘Art–Food Hub’—a multi-purpose and creative cultural space—based on resilience thinking was the specific case analyzed in our study. Appropriate stakeholders were identified and involved in a series of field activities and workshops, with the final objective of informing a comprehensive strategy strengthening awareness to change and capacity building. More specifically, stakeholder involvement was carried out with two aims: first, to make stakeholders active participants in co-designing a Strategic Urban Planning Document for Battipaglia and, second, to evaluate to what extent the proposed initiative contributes to building local resilience. By explicitly considering cross-scale drivers of community resilience, the results of this study show how the concept of resilience can be practically applied to policy formulation and implementation.
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Li, Ting-ting, Rui Song, Shi-wei He, Ming-kai Bi, Wei-chuan Yin, and Ying-qun Zhang. "Multiperiod Hierarchical Location Problem of Transit Hub in Urban Agglomeration Area." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7189060.
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With the rapid urbanization in developing countries, urban agglomeration area (UAA) forms. Also, transportation demand in UAA grows rapidly and presents hierarchical feature. Therefore, it is imperative to develop models for transit hubs to guide the development of UAA and better meet the time-varying and hierarchical transportation demand. In this paper, the multiperiod hierarchical location problem of transit hub in urban agglomeration area (THUAA) is studied. A hierarchical service network of THUAA with a multiflow, nested, and noncoherent structure is described. Then a multiperiod hierarchical mathematical programming model is proposed, aiming at minimizing the total demand weighted travel time. Moreover, an improved adaptive clonal selection algorithm is presented to solve the model. Both the model and algorithm are verified by the application to a real-life problem of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in China. The results of different scenarios in the case show that urban population migration has a great impact on the THUAA location scheme. Sustained and appropriate urban population migration helps to reduce travel time for urban residents.
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Shaimardanova, Camilla, and Evgeny Prokofiev. "The emergence and development of transport hubs in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127401004.
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The transport interchange hubs development (TIH) has recently become an important urban issue. In our country, this problem being quite new is determined by urban planning approaches aimed at solving it. The transport hub includes a complex of several transport modes performing operations for servicing transit, local and urban transportation of goods and passengers.
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Guo, Zhong. "A Land Use Model for Urban Public Transport Hub Based on TOD." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2505.
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This paper has introduced the TOD mode into the optimization design of all levels of urban public transport hubs, and probed TOD mode that effectively combines land use and urban public transport hubs. A TOD planning model for the land use of urban public transport hub was built by means of a multiple objective mathematical programming model. Four objectives were considered: to increase the express public transport capacity, to improve the environment of the planned region, to maximize the returns on investment, to ensure the balance of mixed land use. The model can be used for designing the rate of public transport hub area. The Shisheng public station area in Wuhan is chosen as case study to illustrate the model application and planning results. The result indicates that the model would be efficient in practice.
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Yu, Jie, Yue Liu, Gang-Len Chang, Wanjing Ma, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Cluster-Based Hierarchical Model for Urban Transit Hub Location Planning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2112, no. 1 (January 2009): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2112-02.
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Edeleva, Olga. "USING HUB-THEORY IN OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS OF URBAN ENERGY SOURCES." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 21, no. 10 (October 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2017-10-95-105.
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Daniel, Joseph I., and Katherine Thomas Harback. "Pricing the major US hub airports." Journal of Urban Economics 66, no. 1 (July 2009): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2009.03.001.
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Onggara, Andre, and Fermanto Lianto. "KONSEP BERKELANJUTAN PADA KANTOR MILENIAL TERINTEGRASI TRANSPORT HUB DI DUKUH ATAS." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4581.
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As Urban Interchange of Jakarta, Transport Hub is a key to promote sustainable transportation and mobility and to promote the use of public transportation. Dukuh Atas, as an interchange between major public transportation such as : MRT, LRT, KRL Sudirman, and KRL Bandara has become Transit Oriented Development based on masterplan of Dukuh Atas by Government of Indonesia. Millennial Office integrated with Transport hub is a form of integration between activity-based working space and public transportation. This kind of integration is pioneered by type and behaviour of millennials and it resulting the change of typology. The previous typology of office and transport hub aren’t fitted to be used by millennials. This cause the evolution of transport hub as an interchange between many public transportation and private vehicle and also an activity-based office which is separate room or zone based on activity. The Notion of office and transport hub’s type are re-composed by retrospectively analyze the typology and behaviour involved in it to be integrated with surrounding place and public transportation. Other than facilitating the interchanging between transportation, the architecture of Millennial Office integrated with Transport Hub at Dukuh Atas became a pioneer of a working place with transport oriented development and to promote the use of public transportation in Jakarta. AbstrakSebagai Urban Interchange, Transport Hub merupakan kunci sukses terjadinya perpindahan dan mobilitas secara berkelanjutan dan mempromosikan penggunaan transportasi publik. Dukuh Atas yang merupakan titik pertemuan beberapa transportasi publik besar seperti: MRT, LRT, KRL Sudirman, dan KRL Bandara menjadi salah satu kawasan berorientasi transit yang sedang direncanakan oleh pemerintah DKI Jakarta dan pihak MRT. Kantor Milenial terintegrasi Transport Hub di Dukuh Atas merupakan bentuk integrasi antara transportasi publik dengan tempat kerja dengan tipologi berbasis aktivitas. Hal ini dipelopori oleh tipe dan perilaku dari milenial yang mendorong pergeseran tipologi dari transport hub dan kantor. Tipologi lama dari kantor dan transport hub sudah tidak cocok untuk generasi milenial. Hal ini mendukung usulan desain transport hub sebagai tempat transit memiliki integrasi ke beberapa transportasi publik dan pribadi dan kantor berbasis aktivitas yang tidak dibatasi dalam cubicle atau ruang individual. Konsep tipologi dari transport hub dan kantor di komposisi ulang dengan metode kualitatif dengan melihat tipologi terdahulunya secara retrospektif dan menganalisis perilaku didalamnya, yang menghasilkan tipologi kantor dan transport hub menjadi satu kesatuan bangunan terintegrasi yang juga terhubung dengan daerah dan fasilitas transportasi publik sekitar. Selain sebagai sarana integrasi transportasi publik sekitar, arsitektur Kantor Milenial terintegrasi Transport Hub menjadi pelopor tempat kerja yang berorientasi transit dan mendorong penghuninya untuk lebih menggunakan transportasi publik guna mengurangi polusi dan kemacetan di kota Jakarta.
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Bertin, Mattia, and Eugenia Vincenti. "Eco-Zip: Climate-Proofing an International Logistic Hub." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 1, 2024): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052053.
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One of the most significant challenges in urban design today is the adaptation of industrial and logistical areas to climate change. These vast hubs are sites with a high degree of vulnerability concerning management of stormwater and heat waves. However, local planning struggles to develop appropriate tools for these essential structures. The lack of tools disregards climate influence on the future economy and the quality and safety of workplaces. Moreover, intervening in such large areas can increase green and blue systems. The research described in this article reflects on their possible evolution in a climate change mitigation and adaptation scenario from a global perspective, helping to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals (8; 9; 11; 13; 15). The study intends to propose the redefinition of the settlement scheme as an adaptation tool. This strategy takes the Industrial Zone of Padova as a test site, and it is developed to reduce risks related to extreme climate events by favouring the action of green infrastructures and, at the same time, exploiting the social and economic opportunities that may emerge from this urban transformation.
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Olea, Ricardo A., and George Christakos. "Duration of Urban Mortality for the 14th-Century Black Death Epidemic." Human Biology 77, no. 3 (2005): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2005.0051.
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