Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban metamorphosis'

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Este Projecto Final de Mestrado, cujo tema é Metamorphosis: Re-uso do Património edificado como meio para a transformação urbana, pretende olhar para a cidade construída, com destaque para o património arquitectónico obsoleto, como potencial momento de transição na evolução dos territórios, encarando desse modo as preexistências como uma oportunidade para reinventar a cidade. Da necessidade de aplicar estas ideias, Setúbal surge como sendo um território representativo destes fenómenos onde a obsolescência e a ruína de estruturas edificadas que caracterizam esta realidade, conferem um potencial de abordagem no âmbito da transformação dos tecidos urbanos. É o caso de grande parte das fortificações militares Seiscentistas desta cidade. Pretende-se então, a partir deste ponto pensar a evolução da cidade de Setúbal, tendo como ponto de referência estas preexistências, dando assim sentido a uma narrativa urbana de re-uso e transformação. Deste modo, a importância do tema deste projecto final de mestrado, prende-se com a vontade de valorizar a história e a memória dos territórios sem que por um lado os tecidos urbanos permaneçam cristalizados no tempo ou por oposição a vontade de intervir se sobreponha à identidade desse património. Assim, na sequência da identificação de um fenómeno específico no quadro urbanístico e histórico da cidade de Setúbal, a proposta sugere que estas ruínas do património militar sejam parte integrante do sistema de espaços públicos e que associadas a programas culturais, promovam o usufruto de todos, partindo de uma premissa de, não só preservar o património, como lhe dar um sentido de oportunidade e continuidade.
ABSTRACT:This Master's Final Project, whose theme is Metamorphosis: Re-use of the built heritage as a means of urban transformation, aims to look at the built city, with emphasis on the obsolete architectural heritage, as a potential moment of transition in the evolution of the territories, facing the preexistences as an opportunity to reinvent the city. From the need to apply these ideas, Setúbal emerges as a representative territory of these phenomena where the obsolescence and ruin of built structures that characterize this reality, give a potential of approach in the context of the transformation of urban fabrics. This is the case for much of the 16th century military fortifications of this city. From this point, it’s intended to think about the evolution of the city of Setúbal, having as reference these preexistences, thus giving meaning to an urban narrative of reuse and transformation. Thus, the importance of the theme of this final master's project is related to the desire to value the history and memory of the territories without, on the one hand, the urban tissues remaining crystallized in time or, in opposition, the will to intervene to override identity of this heritage. Following the identification of a specific phenomenon in the urban and historical context of the city of Setúbal, the proposal suggests that these ruins of the military heritage be an integral part of the system of public spaces. In addition, it is expected that, associated with cultural programs, it promotes the enjoyment of all, starting from a premise of not only preserving the heritage, but also giving it a sense of opportunity and continuity.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura com a a especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa, para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
O projecto final de mestrado tem como tema METAMORPHOSIS. Percorrer a Margem como Experiência Sensorial. a Transformação de Setúbal entre o Aterro e o Forte de Albarquel. Este tema METAMORPHOSIS foi escolhido a pensar nas cidades e em todos os processos de metamorfose, ou seja, transformação pelos quais as cidades sofrem constantemente. A presente proposta tem lugar na cidade de Setúbal, mais concretamente entre o Aterro e o Forte de Albarquel. A cidade de Setúbal passou por alguns períodos de evolução urbana e demográfica que caracterizam a progressão da cidade em si e que nos ajudam a compreender algumas fraquezas e algumas potencialidades de Setúbal. Como tal, a MARGEM e a TERRA são a base desta proposta através de percursos. O objectivo é percorrer a margem de Setúbal desde o cais 3 até ao Forte de Albarquel como experiência sensorial, através da reconfiguração da margem e da reabilitação do Forte de Albarquel que até hoje está em desuso, proporcionando-lhes deste modo, novos espaços, novos usos, mas potenciando sempre as sensações que estão sempre presentes no nosso quotidiano. A preocupação prende-se à forma de garantir espaços públicos e edificados viáveis para funções distintas e agradáveis.
ABSTRACT: This final master's project theme is METAMORPHOSIS. Perceive the river bank as a Sensory EXPERIENCE. Setúbal Transformation between the Embankment and Albarquel Fort. This METAMORPHOSIS theme was chosen thinking about cities and all the processes of metamorphosis, i.e., transformations suffered by cities constantly. This proposal takes place in the city of Setúbal, specifically between the Embankment and the Albarquel Fort. Setúbal has gone through some periods of urban and demographic evolution, which characterize the progression of the city itself and help us understand some of Setúbal's weaknesses and potentialities. As such, BANK and LAND are the basis of this proposal through pathways. The aim is to go trough Setúbal, turning the path from pier 3 to Albarquel Fort a sensory experience, through the reconfiguration of the bank and the regeneration of Albarquel Fort which is still in disuse, thus providing them with new uses and new spaces, by enhancing the sensations that are always present in our daily lives. The concern is how to ensure viable public and built spaces for both distinct and pleasent functions.
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Baotou owes its existence to its raw material resource, and iron and rare earth industry. Because of cheap labor, low cost and lax vat the world rare earth political economy with more than 95% of production. Increasing demand of rare earth due to our modern culture and consumption has turned the 12km2 tailing pond as a 'toxic leftover of global capitalism'. My thesis is asking questions of how a city at the edge will survive in the future. In this case, it is an extreme scenario of resource depletion, environmental destruction, and large number of unemployment caused by modern consumerism. The thesis is a questioning imaginary of a waste urbanism, that intentionally propose a major transformation of urban metamorphosis by rethinking the economic and ecological value of industrial waste, especially with its complicated connection to globval network. By understanding the operational mechanisms of the city globally, the operational mechanisms of the city globally, nationally and locally, I intervene into the flows of material, migration, economy and politics at regional and local scale. This thesis is asking a question and exploring the alternative future of a resource-extract industry city like Baotou. Connect how a global modern culture reflects on a local landscape. And explore the extreme potential of economy as driving force of urbanization.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture

This thesis began by studying how a temporary event could create permanent architecture and how that architecture could change an urban lifestyle. I chose the Olympics as the event and proposed that they be held in Washington D.C., a city of international prominence with a rich design history but a city that hasn't had a large scale urban redevelopment plan in over a century. I focused on the city east of the Capitol as I wanted to extend the monumental core created in the McMillan plan. I researched baroque design, Olympic planning, and even the original L'Enfant plan. The result of this research was unearthing some of the original L'Enfant design elements and incorporating them into a 21st century city by blending new design issues with the idea of a city designed around radial vistas with magnificent termini. I focused on two sites, the Olympic Torch and the Olympic Stadium. The Torch is situated as a terminus on a site that was intended to be mile marker zero for the country. Its design and importance make it a monument while still not impeding the views. The stadium was created to serve as a stadium for the people, allowing pedestrians outside to view and interact with the event inside. It is sunken so as not to obstruct views but it is spanned by arches that pierce the cityscape signifying its monumentality and appropriately ending the monumental axis started with the Lincoln Memorial on the western edge of the city.
Master of Architecture

This work is a study in urban history, in particular, one that examines a crucial period in the rise and development of large cities and metropolises in the region of Sogdiana within Central Asia, between the seventh and tenth centuries. The primary focus of inquiry is to show the effects of inter-relationships between social change, intense urbanization and religious conversions that occurred within Sogdiana at this time. All of these processes were initiated as a result of the Arab invasions between 625 and 750 A.D. Sogdia or Sogdiana, along with the regions of Bactria and Khwarazm, were incorporated into the Islamic world through the process of conquest that followed these invasions, but once resistance was extinguished and Islam widely accepted among the populace, these regions became among the most vital centers of urban life in the Islamic world. Sogdiana, among these three regions, witnessed the rise, change and unprecedented development of many large metropolises that were distinct in several ways from the cities in other parts of the Islamic world. Traditional cities in the Islamic world further west and south of Central Asia had a dense structure within an encircling wall, and eventually the residential areas were found to extend beyond the wall, only themselves to be eventually protected by another wall. However, in Central Asia yet another further stage of development took place. Here the main administrative functions and markets moved out into this outer residential area and abandoned the central core. This outer area of the city (the rabad) became the locus of political and commercial activity. In due course the process repeated itself - the residential areas overflowing beyond the walls of the rabad, only themselves to be surrounded by a third outer wall. In this way the Central Asian city developed into a distinct type, markedly different from cities further west and south.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Pertencente ao distrito de Setúbal, o Barreiro é conhecido pela presença da indústria e da ferrovia, uma vez que, através da introdução do transporte ferroviário em 1861 a cidade tornou-se no nó estratégico na ligação Norte/Sul do país, facilitando as trocas comerciais e aumentando a produção de bens a serem exportados. O final do século XX ditou o início da decadência da Companhia União Fabril, no Barreiro, que até 1974 esteve em constante crescimento. O fenómeno da desindustrialização trouxe, assim, consequências negativas para a cidade ao nível do desenvolvimento económico e do desemprego e, mais tarde, surgiram também repercussões na imagem da cidade, nomeadamente questões urbanas relacionadas com o abandono das áreas industriais que se materializam em edificado devoluto, estruturas abandonadas, vazios urbanos industriais e terrenos expectantes. Em A Metamorfose do Edificado Industrial é explorado o caso do Parque Industrial da cidade, ao nível das consequências urbanas da sua interrupção de atividade e, em paralelo, é feita uma proposta de intervenção num dos edifícios mais impactantes e notáveis da cidade que se encontram ao abandono, o conjunto edificado dos Silos da Quimigal (anterior Companhia União Fabril). Propondo-se um novo olhar sobre o que está devoluto, são criadas estratégias de integração do edificado fabril na malha urbana, através da implantação de um equipamento multifuncional no edificado existente.
ABSTRACT: Belonging to the district of Setúbal, Barreiro is known for the presence of the industry and the railroad. Since the introduction of railroad transportation in 1861 the city became the strategic node of the North/South connection of the country, making commercial trades easier and increasing the production of goods to be exported. The end of the twentieth century dictated the beginning of the decay of Companhia União Fabril, in Barreiro, which was in constant growth until 1974. The deindustrialization phenomenon left negative consequences for the city in terms of economic development and unemployment, and later there were also repercussions on the image of the city, in particular urban issues related to the abandonment of industrial areas materialized in empty buildings, abandoned structures, urban industrial voids and expectant lands. In this master’s degree work, the case of the industrial park of the city of Barreiro is explored, in terms of the urban consequences of its interruption of activity, and in parallel, a project is made in one of the most remarkable and striking buildings in the city that are abandoned, the Quimigal’s silos (former Companhia União Fabril). Proposing a new vision at what is forsaken, strategies of integration of the industrial buildings are created in the renewed urban area, through the implantation of a multifunctional equipment in the existing silos building.
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This dissertation investigates the transformative possibilities inherent in a contemporary urban artefact in Jeppestown, a significant historical suburb dating back to the settlement of early prospectors who sought a precious yellow metal beneath the red earth of a treeless veld. On this veld today stands the City of Johannesburg. The Johannesburg metropolis is scarred by the intersection of differences between those who have inhabited its streets. It has endured these differences and become a part of them through the multiple generations of its lifetime. Jeppestown or Jeppe to its residents, endures today with latent markings of apartheid as a transitional industrial buffer area west of the Johannesburg Central Business District (CBD). Jeppe exists today as a piece of this narrative and is one of the longest threads in the chronology of the habitation of the greater Johannesburg city. Imminent threats of gentrification and signs of poorly considered urban renewal schemes aimed at the transformation of public space in Jeppe provoke the following questions: What is the potential role of Jeppe within the greater metropolis? And how could the transformation of urban form in this context, through the act of design, begin to transform its potential value, meaning and significance as a place of belonging and becoming – to both those who currently inhabit it and the greater population of the fluctuating metropolis that surrounds it? The proposed intervention is situated in the vicinity of Jeppe market and train station. It forms a part of an investigative framework of architectural and landscape interventions along a regenerative urban spine that connects the station square to Gilfillan Park (Jeppe Park). The objective of the framework is defined as the conditional amplification of extant rituals, negotiated territories and lives & deaths through the introduction of responsive and constructive spatial interventions and the reconciliation of these with the existing fabric. Jeppestown is the subject of this inquiry and intervention, yet its post-apartheid predisposition in the urban context is not exclusive. The intention of the study through design is to postulate and identify a manner of working within the means of the architectural discipline, that itself is aligned with the endeavour of fostering an approach toward place making in the contemporary South African metropolis. This text serves as a record of events that have unfolded through the thoughts, actions and adopted processes for the design and investigation of a transformative urban artefact manifested as a social club in Jeppestown, Johannesburg.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted

This thesis investigates the socio-cultural and spatial transformations of public open spaces by comparing such changes in the public open spaces of the traditional urban centre (TUC) and the sprawled area (SA) of the Kathmandu Valley, individually and in respect to each other over time, particularly during the recent period of suburbanisation. The public spaces in the Valley not only shape the image of the Valley but also help maintain the quality of life that is associated with Nepalese society. The urban form of the Valley that exists today is the result of progressive growth in the traditional settlements over different historical periods: Lichhavi, Malla, and Rana. During each of these periods, particular forms of open space developed in the Valley linked to socio-cultural patterns. The low density spread after the Rana period developed into an unprecedented urban growth and expansion in the contemporary period. This thesis examines the extent to which this growth is introducing new meanings in the open spaces. Hence, a mixed methods approach is used that involves a five-phased systematic approach, including archival study, surveys (denominative, perceptive, photographic, and graphical), questionnaires, and interviews for the analysis of public open spaces and their transformations. For this purpose, three different types of open spaces based on different use functions were selected as the case study open spaces in TUC and SA that form part of a wider study. A comparative study of market squares, neighbourhood squares and community squares was carried out in each TUC and SA. Furthermore, the archival study and interviews were conducted with institutional bodies for the analysis of policies on urban growth and open spaces. The research shows that public open spaces in both TUC and SA are undergoing socio-cultural and spatial transformations. The mono-cultural spaces of the past have become multi-cultural spaces. The significances of the spaces in both cases are associated with meanings attached to the physical settings (such as places of religious, commercial, social, and others) and their use, linked to their respective sensory perceptions (visual, smell, and sound) and the patterns of activities. The open spaces in both TUC and SA have structures that were added in recent years due to needs of society. Commercialization seems to be the predominant change in terms of activity in most of the case study open spaces, not common in the past (except market squares). It is also found that the cultures associated with most of the open spaces are still being preserved. The change in user groups, physical changes, and uses have affected the users of public open spaces either positively, negatively or both in TUC and SA. The interviews with the users show that ethnic pluralism has a strong role in the sense of community in both cases. However, a stronger community attachment is found in the users of TUC than SA. Open spaces in TUC and SA are given low priority in relation to infrastructural development in the government institutions. No clear and concrete guidelines or strategies have yet been introduced for preservation or management of existing as well as development of new open spaces at any level of the government due to ambiguous policies, weak co-ordination among different levels of government, and weak institutional capacity. Therefore, this thesis recommends an integrated approach that includes participation of all levels of government, CBOs including local clubs, and private sector for preparing plans and policies for managing open spaces. The method developed in this thesis also gives an opportunity for further research to explore whether similar findings prevail in public open spaces of other SAs of the Kathmandu Valley.

O objetivo central deste trabalho é analisar as relações entre parques tecnológicos, cidade e região por meio do estudo de caso do parque tecnológico Tecnopuc, situado na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Busca-se demonstrar que a reestruturação pela qual o sistema econômico mundial vem passando desde as últimas décadas do século XX tem ocasionado a dispersão de filiais das grandes empresas transnacionais da nova economia para determinadas regiões urbanas do mundo, entre elas a cidade de Porto Alegre e sua região metropolitana. Muitas dessas filiais instalam-se em parques tecnológicos que contam com o apoio de políticas públicas. No caso de Porto Alegre, o Programa Porto Alegre Tecnópole promoveu a implantação do Tecnopuc e de outros parques tecnológicos, contribuindo para ampliar a relevância estratégica da cidade de Porto Alegre na rede mundial de cidades. A partir dos resultados da aplicação de questionário e de entrevista com líderes empresariais, pôde-se mostrar que o Tecnopuc abriga, além de filiais de empresas transnacionais, várias empresas locais da nova economia, gerando inúmeros fluxos globais que atribuem alta densidade informacional ao seu território. Também foi possível mostrar que o Tecnopuc possui funcionários majoritariamente jovens, do sexo masculino e com formação superior. O mapeamento dos locais de residência desses funcionários revela que o Tecnopuc reforça centralidades existentes na cidade e na metrópole através de dois eixos: um urbano, em Porto Alegre, ao longo das Avenidas Ipiranga e Bento Gonçalves, com características de cidade consolidada; e o outro metropolitano, ao longo da BR-116, com características de cidade difusa e fragmentada. Além disso, o mapeamento mostra que esses jovens profissionais, os principais insumos das empresas da nova economia, preferem morar em bairros centrais, consolidados, com vida noturna e urbanidade.
The main goal of this paper is to analyze the relationships between science parks, city and region through the case study of Tecnopuc, which is located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. Sought to demonstrate that the restructuring by which the world economic system has been going through since the last decades of the 20th century has provoked the dispersion of big transnational corporation’s branches of the new economy in certain urban regions of the world, between them, the city of Porto Alegre and its metropolitan area. Many of these branches are located in science parks that are supported by public policies. It was verified that Porto Alegre and its metropolitan area, through the Porto Alegre Tecnopole Program, has promoted the installation of Tecnopuc and others science parks increasing the strategic relevance of the city of Porto Alegre, in the world network of cities. Based on the results of the questionnaire application and the interview with business leaders, It is shown that Tecnopuc shelters, besides branches of transnational companies, various local businesses of the new economy, generating innumerous global fluxes that attribute high informational density to their territory. It is also shown that Tecnopuc has mostly young male employees with high education. The mapping of the places of residence of these employees reveals that Tecnopuc reinforces existing centralities in the city and in the metropolis through two axes: one urban, in Porto Alegre, along the Ipiranga and Bento Gonçalves Avenues, with characteristics of a consolidated city; And the other metropolitan, along the BR-116, with characteristics of diffuse and fragmented city. In addition, the mapping shows that these young professionals, the main inputs of the new economy companies, prefer to live in centralized, consolidated neighborhoods with nightlife and urbanity.

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The present study deals with the relationship between urban vegetation and climate. The process whereby the Parque das Dunas a 1,172 ha green area in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte exerts influence on the climate of the city is analyzed. The hypothesis on which the present work rests is that the green area referred to acts upon the climate of the city. The study is based on the analysis of climatic factors and elements of this green area and of the city of Natal. In order to give rise to final recommendations, a methodology grounded on a quantitative and qualitative standpoint has been used. The data were collected both within and without the limits of the Parque das Dunas area. Secondary and primary data resulting from the measurements taken by the researcher and her work group have been used. The aim was to contribute to the understanding of the influence of vegetation on the climate of a city having a warm and humid climate. A historical and environmental characterization of the Parque das Dunas was then sought. The local climatic factors and the elements of the climate have been studied within the scope of the city of Natal. A comparative study between the climatic elements within and without the limits of the Parque das Dunas area from the survey of technical data and the systematization of the information collected has been made, aiming at proposing a set of bioclimatic recommendations for the urban design in Natal. The results of such work allowed for the validation of the important role that the Parque das Dunas plays in the climate of Natal. This has led to the acknowledgement of the relevance of the green areas on the climate of cities. They bring about important benefits to the process of rendering agreeable the climate in the urban environment by providing pleasant microclimates that give a valuable contribution to the environmental comfort of urban nuclei having the same size of Natal
O presente estudo trata sobre a rela??o existente entre vegeta??o e clima urbano. Analisa-se o processo pelo qual o Parque das Dunas, uma ?rea verde com 1.172 hectares, localizada na cidade do Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, exerce influ?ncias no clima da cidade. A hip?tese na qual se baseia esse trabalho ? a de que a mencionada ?rea verde atua no clima urbano. O estudo ? conduzido com base na an?lise dos fatores e dos elementos clim?ticos dessa ?rea verde e da cidade do Natal. A metodologia utilizada fundamentou-se num ?tica quantitativa e qualitativa, para se chegar ?s recomenda??es finais. Os dados foram coletados dentro da ?rea do Parque e fora dos seus limites. Utilizaram-se os dados secund?rios e os prim?rios, resultantes das medi??es realizadas pela pesquisadora e equipe. Buscou-se contribuir para o conhecimento da influ?ncia da vegeta??o no clima de uma cidade com clima quente e ?mido. Em seguida, procurou-se elaborar uma caracteriza??o hist?rica e ambiental do Parque das Dunas. Estudaram-se os fatores clim?ticos locais e os elementos do clima, dentro da abrang?ncia da cidade do Natal. Realizou-se um estudo comparativo entre os elementos clim?ticos na ?rea do Parque das Dunas e fora de seus limites, a partir do levantamento de dados t?cnicos, e a sistematiza??o das informa??es coletadas, com o intuito de propor um conjunto de recomenda??es bioclim?ticas para o desenho urbano, em Natal. Os resultados deste trabalho possibilitaram a confirma??o do importante papel desempenhado pelo Parque das Dunas no clima de Natal, o que significa que se constatou a relev?ncia das ?reas verdes no clima das cidades, trazendo benef?cios relevantes no processo de ameniza??o clim?tica no meio urbano, pela cria??o de microclimas agrad?veis, que contribuem de forma significativa, para o conforto ambiental dos n?cleos urbanos, do mesmo porte de Natal

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa, com a especialização em Urbanismo para obtenção de grau de Mestre.
A cidade de Setúbal nasceu a partir da sua relação direta com o Sado, devido à atividade piscatória. Porém, o posterior abandono da indústria levou a uma quebra na relação direta da cidade com o rio. Atualmente, a frente ribeirinha de Setúbal é definida por uma sucessão de aterros, e encontra-se descaracterizada, não estabelecendo relação com o interior da cidade. Através da análise do território e da sua história, surge a necessidade da reformulação da frente ribeirinha e a vontade de aproximar os baluartes à água, promovendo uma continuidade das vivências urbanas. O projeto incide assim numa reflexão sobre a transformação da cidade construída, procurando compreender de que forma aproveitar as suas preexistências como uma oportunidade para transformar a cidade. Assim, a intervenção proposta reinventa a frente ribeirinha de Setúbal através das suas preexistências, preservando sempre a memória do lugar. A proposta parte da vontade de recuperar a relação direta com o rio Sado, e procura resolver as problemáticas da cidade, reformulando a frente ribeirinha com diferentes espaços e equipamentos que se articulam e que promovem a vivência urbana, transformando a margem no elemento estruturador da cidade de Setúbal. Á escala do objeto arquitetónico, o projeto procura reinventar o Livramento.
ABSTRACT : The city of Setúbal was born from direct relation with Sado, due to its fishing activities. However, in the passing years, this activity became less and less popular which led to a fracture in the relation that the city had with the river. Nowadays, the Setubal’s riverfront is established by a sequence of landfills, which wall off the relation of the river with the inner city. Through the analysis of the region and its history, it is unquestionable the necessity of reforming the waterfront and getting the bulwarks closer to the water. This would improve the livelihood of urban life. So, the project focuses on a reflection about the transformation of the city, looking to comprehend in which way we can take what already exists as an opportunity to transform the city. Thus, the proposed intervention re-invents Setubal’s waterfront through its pre-existences, to preserve the memory of the place. The proposal comes from the will of recovering the direct relation with the Sado river, and also of finding a solution to the city problems. This will be done by reforming the waterfront with different areas and equipment that will join and promote the urban life, and so transforming the river shore as the structural elemental of the city of Setúbal. In the scale of the architectural object, the project expects to re-invent the Livramento.
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Un graffiti est exposé à la vue de tous dans la rue : lieu du passage, de l’échange, de l’intenseproximité. Un regard doit-il/peut-il se constituer, se conformer à un lieu d’approximation, dedistance, de rencontre, de conflit ?Or, exposer ce type d’oeuvre ailleurs, semble, a priori, une hérésie ; sa décontextualisation, unpléonasme. En quoi l’acte d’exposer contredit-il cette pratique urbaine, si, littéralement, un graffitiest directement accessible à nos sens, exposé ? Le mur est-il une frontière qui fait écran, entre lemonde du réel et de l’irréel ?Une représentation persiste inconsciemment : l’art urbain peut aussi faireconsensus. Comment autrui intervient-il dans ce type de représentation ?Avec des hypothèses élaborées à partir d’oeuvres urbaines, un corpus d’image constituera uneméthode de recherche pour engager un dialogue avec le corps du passant, suivant les modalités deproduction ou de création de cette vision de graffiti.Une expérimentation des frontières esthétiques, peut-elle rendre compte, a posteriori, dudevenir de l’anonymat d’une oeuvre d’art réalisée sur les surfaces anonymes et phénoménales de laville ?La comparaison du corps d’un être humain à celui d’une ville, est-elle fortuite ? Cetteréduction de l’homme au mur, dit métaphoriquement, est-elle constitutive de rapportshumains ? Réels, fictifs ? Relatifs ?Comment l’art peut-il former dans l’urgence un regard historique, voire collectif, sans ladistance ?
A graffiti is exposed for every body in the street : place of passage, exchange, of the intenseproximity. Should or could a glance be able to constitute itself or to observe itself, a place ofapproximation, of distance, of meeting, of conflict ?But, to expose this type of work elsewhere, seems, a priori, a heresy ; its decontextualization,a pleonasm. How does the act of exposing contradict this urban practice, if, literally, a graffiti isdirectly accessible to our senses, exposed ? Is the wall a boundary between the real and the unreal ?A representation persists unconsciously : urban art can also make a consensus. How doesanother person intervene in this type of representation ?With hypotheses developed from urban works, a corpus of images will constitute a researchmethod for engaging a dialogue with the body of the passer-by, according to the modalities ofproduction or creation of this vision of graffiti.Can an experiment on aesthetic borders explain, a posteriori, the future of the anonymity of apiece of art produced on the anonymous and phenomenal surfaces of the city ?Is the comparison between the body of a human being and the corpse of a city, fortuitous ? Isthis reduction of the man to the wall, metaphorically speaking, constitutive of human relationships ?Real, fictional ? Relative ?How can art form in the emergency a historical view and collective, without distance ?

In 2001, Argentina suffered an economic collapse that almost wiped out the middle-class, leaving thousands homeless. This resulted in the growth of the informal settlements and informal sectors of employment in and around the formal city of Buenos Aires, the “Capital Federal.” The urgency for survival led to the rise of many waste-pickers or, as they became known the cartoneros. Today they are the primary recycling program in the city with many cooperatives helping their movement. The city has enforced a ‘zero waste’ policy for 2020 in dealing with their serious trash problem and the cartoneros will play a large role in this transformation. This thesis aims to address two complex social issues (disparity and waste) with a long-term architectural initiative which hopes to ultimately blur the social boundaries that exist in the “Paris of the South” via the cartoneros.

Sustainable urban mobility is an established target of policy making and planning in Europe. It is associated with, among others, better air quality, less noise disturbance, increased safety and quality of public space. In this regard, one of the EU Commission’s main tools to reach sustainable urban mobility, Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP), require the explicit integration of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). Yet, European cities face common barriers when it comes to materialising M&E in practice. To avoid or overcome these barriers, this paper argues for integrating capacity building (CB). We draw this conclusion on the basis of experiences made during the M&E of the Horizon 2020 Project ‘Metamorphosis’. We report our experiences, rating different monitoring indicators used for the evaluation of measures transforming car-oriented neighbourhoods into children-friendly neighbourhoods in seven European cities. We then give advice on how to design and integrate CB for a feasible M&E scheme.