Dissertations / Theses: 'Urban Mining'

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Lilliemarck, Jakob. "Super Local Urban Mining." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4185.

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Anesie, Laura Noemi. "Urban Mining in Malmö - An Investigative Study to Identify the Potential of Urban Mining." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23943.

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This master thesis depicts the topic of urban mining and its possibilities and challenges in the city of Malmö. Because of present day’s high consumption and construction our resources are becoming scarcer. In order to continue to build and consume the way we do, we need to look at other alternatives to obtain these resources. One sustainable alternative is urban mining which is based on society as a resource base where material accumulating over time is a metal storage that can be used through reuse or recycling. This thesis is limited to one type of urban mining which refers to unused cables and pipes that lie underground, so called hibernating cables. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibilities and challenges with urban mining in the city of Malmö and to research the Kabel-x urban mining method and its implementation possibilities. To successfully understand the challenges and possibilities a qualitative approach was taken where semi-structured interviews were conducted to see attitudes towards urban mining as well as to identify stakeholders who would work with an urban mining project in the future. The qualitative approach was complemented by a literary research which built the theoretical framework with theories like urban mining, urban metabolism and material flow analysis and sustainability assessments. The empirical discoveries depict topics such as ownership, knowledge-gap or skepticism when it comes to urban mining as well as methods of extractions, but also point to high interest and economic incentives with are in concordance with sustainability aspects. This lead to the conclusion that urban mining shows both possibilities and challenges in Malmö, which proves a challenging but worth implementation. Regarding Kabel-x method, its sustainability aspects and challenges with its implementation, it was concluded that on account of mostly skepticism and knowledge-gap stakeholders proved its implementation challenging but also interesting for urban development.

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AMATO, ALESSIA. "Innovative and sustainable strategies of urban mining." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245303.

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La gestione di un’enorme quantità di rifiuti da apparecchiature elettriche ed elettroniche (RAEE), rappresenta un problema rilevante per la nostra società, poichè rischi per l’ambiente e la salute umana, legati ad una scorretta gestione, sono combinati con la perdita di materiali valorizzabili. Questo lavoro ha per oggetto lo sviluppo di processi sostenibili per il recupero di metalli di valore dai RAEE: in particolare, è stata effettuata un’indagine in laboratorio mirata all’estrazione, da schermi a cristalli liquidi, di indio, un metallo recentemente classificato dalla Commissione Europea tra i “critical raw materials”. La sperimentazione ha permesso l’ottimizzazione di un processo con rese di recupero di indio superiori al 90%, basato su operazioni idrometallurgiche. E’ stato studiato inoltre il processo dal punto di vista della sua sostenibilità ambientale, confrontandone l’impatto con quello degli attuali sistemi di gestione degli schermi a cristalli liquidi . La valutazione ha evidenziato che il ciclo di gestione delle acque di processo e pre-trattamenti fisici del pannello finalizzati alla concentrazione del metallo, rappresentano dei fattori chiave per la sostenibilità ambientale del processo. Il lavoro è stato svolto nel contesto di un progetto finanziato dalla Commissione Europea nell’ambito del 7FP, denominato HydroWEEE. Tale progetto aveva per obiettivo la realizzazione di un impianto mobile, con caratteristiche flessibili per il recupero di metalli da diversi RAEE: indio da TV/monitor a cristalli liquidi, ittrio da lampade e tubi catodici, rame oro e argento da circuiti stampati, cobalto da batterie litio-ione. L’attività di ricerca è stata anche finalizzata a valutare la sostenibilità ambientale dei vari processi realizzati nell’impianto mobile, evidenziandone un generale vantaggio (tra il 20 e l’80%) rispetto alla produzione primaria dei metalli. La valutazione dei rischi per i lavoratori nell’impianto mobile conclude lo studio.
The management of a huge quantity of waste from electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) represents a critical issue for the modern society. The negative environmental and health effects due to the improperly management are combined with the loss of valuable materials. The present work focused on the recovery of metals from WEEE with particular attention to indium from end-of-life liquid crystal displays (LCD). The experimental section allowed the optimization of a process that includes an acid leaching characterized by an innovative cross-current design, followed by a cementation with zinc powder. Considering the satisfying efficiencies obtained on the lab scale, higher than 90%, the whole process was studied from an environmental point of view comparing its emissions with those produced by the current management strategies (disposal in landfilling sites, incineration and traditional recycling). A life cycle assessment (LCA) of the different scenarios proved the significant advantage of recycling ways. Moreover, the traditional recycling resulted to be the most favorable, due for both the relevant water consumption of the innovative treatment and to the low indium content in the LCD. Nevertheless, a simple water recirculation system, combined with a physical indium upgrading in the waste, make the innovative option the best choice. The simple design of the optimized process allows its implementation in a mobile plant, built within the European project, HydroWEEE. The plant mobility prevents the impacts due to the waste transport, that contributes to the 30-40% of the currently treatments. Furthermore, this advantage is combined with the possibility to treat several WEEE for the recovery of different metals. The sustainability of this approach was proved by a LCA that highlighted the positive effect also in the comparison with the primary production, with a benefit between 20 and 80%. Last, but not least, the risk for workers in the real mobile plant was assessed.

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Iattoni, Giulia. "Electronic waste: hazards and opportunities for urban mining." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17822/.

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Since a couple of decades, society has been revolutionized by electrical and electronic equipment: it is ubiquitous and once discarded it contributes to generate one of the fastest-growing waste stream categories at this time. The purpose of this study is to discuss the complex nature of the WEEE sector intended as indispensable resource, including also the specific hazards that must be considered for a proper and valorising management. The first chapter introduces the wide background of urban waste in terms of production, collection and disposal. Then, an overview on the flows, classification and legal framework of electronic waste is provided. In the second chapter the analysis will focus on the improper management of e-waste which is extremely intensive and risky, therefore several possible situations will be qualitatively investigated in terms of environmental impacts and risks for human health. The third chapter will explore the concept of urban mining secondary raw materials in the context of e-waste, pointing out the current state of innovation, future challenges and present limitations. The fourth and last chapter of the study applies the Life Cycle Assessment methodology on waste mobile phones for three different End-of-Life scenarios. The aim is to demonstrate through a scientifically based tool the concepts presented in the previous part of the thesis and to outline the environmental benefits of components and materials recovery in terms of saved emissions through the evaluation of three impact categories: Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential and Ecological Scarcity. Given from one hand the huge quantities involved in the WEEE sector in terms of volumes and impacts, and from the other the scarcity and increasing demand of raw materials, it is reasonable to consider e-waste as a key element to work on in order to adress some of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations.

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Ekholm, Disa, Alice Hallberg, Ellen Stenlund, Johan Wallsten, and Sara Westerström. "Urban mining - Återvinning av byggnadsmaterial i främre Boländerna." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411757.

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Boländerna är ett äldre industriområde i sydöstra Uppsala som ska omvandlas till en ny stadsdel. Med detta har frågan om utnyttjande av redan befintliga byggnadsmaterial i området uppmärksammats. Denna rapport har tagits fram på Uppsala kommuns och STUNS energi:s begäran för att ge förslag på åtgärder för en hög återvinningsgrad vid byggandet av främre Boländerna. Med hjälp av tekniska beskrivningar bestämdes materialvolymerna av byggmaterialen betong, gips, tegel, trä och stål i fem byggnader i det blivande rivningsområdet. Litteraturstudier gav information om materialen och dagens återvinningsprocesser samt data från livscykelanalyser för de fem olika byggnadsmaterialen. En hållbarhetsmodell konstruerades med kriterier för att kunna jämföra de olika materialen. Denna modell användes som underlag vid bedömningen av huruvida återvinning och återanvändning av de olika materialen var miljömässigt lönsamt och hållbart. I hållbarhetsmodellen ingick även kostnader som ett kriterium. Resultatet visade att återvinning av samtliga material kan leda till miljöbesparingar. Stål visade sig ha hög klimatpåverkan både vid nyproduktion och återvinning, men enligt modellen var återvinning av materialet ändå fördelaktigt utifrån ett miljöperspektiv. Återvinning av trä respektive återanvändning av tegel visade mest hållbara resultat för alla kriterier i modellen utom kostnaden. I rapporten presenteras också ett urval av studier som kan bli relevanta för att i framtiden ytterligare öka återvinnings- eller återanvändningsgraden av materialen. Exempelvis en ny återvinningsteknik för betong som kan användas på rivningsplatsen vid namn Concrete to Cement and Aggregate (C2CA). I studien undersöktes även åtgärder för att minska klimatpåverkan vid bygg- och rivningsprojekt i Uppsala kommun. Det framkom att materialinventering, noggrann planering av avfallshantering och transport samt tydliga styrmedel och miljöcertifieringar kan bidra till ett ökat fokus på hållbarhet inom byggbranschen och därmed minska dess klimatpåverkan.

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Chen, Nai Chun. "Urban data mining : social media data analysis as a complementary tool for urban design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106414.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-71).
The emergence of "big data" has resulted in a large amount of information documenting daily events, perceptions, thoughts, and emotions of citizens, all annotated with the location and time that they were recorded. This data presents an unprecedented opportunity to help identify and solve urban problems. This thesis aimed to explore the potential of machine learning and data mining in finding patterns in "big" urban data. We explored several different types of user generated urban data, including Call Detail Records (CDR) data and social media (Crunch Base, Yelp, Twitter, and Flickr, and Trip Advisor) data on two primary urban issues. First, we aimed to explore an important 21st century urban problem: how to make successful "Innovative district". Using data mining, we discovered several important characteristics of "innovative districts". Second, we aimed to see if big data is able to help diagnose and alleviate existing problems in cities. For this, we focused on the city of Andorra, and discovered potential reasons for recent declines in tourism in the city. We also discovered that we can learn the travel patterns of tourists to Andorra from their past behavior. In this way, we can predict their future travel plans and help their travels, showing the power of data mining urban data in helping to solve future urban problems as well as diagnose and improve existing problems.
by Nai Chun Chen.
S.M.

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Jiang, Shan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Deciphering human activities in complex urban systems : mining big data for sustainable urban future." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101369.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-200).
"Big Data" is in vogue, and the explosion of urban sensors, mobile phone traces, and other windows onto urban activities has generated much hype about the advent of a new 'urban science.' However, translating such Big Data into a planning-relevant understanding of activity patterns and travel behavior presents a number of obstacles. This dissertation examines some of these obstacles and develops data processing pipelines and urban activity modeling techniques that can complement traditional travel surveys and facilitate the development of richer models of activity patterns and land use-transportation interactions. This study develops methods and tests their usefulness by using Singapore metropolitan area as an example, and employing data mining and statistical learning methods to distill useful spatiotemporal information on human activities by people and by place from traditional travel survey data, semantically enriched GIS data, massive and passive call detail records (CDR) data, and Wi-Fi augmented mobile positioning data. I illustrate that regularity and heterogeneity exist in individuals' daily activity patterns in the metropolitan area. I test the hypothesis that by characterizing and clustering individuals' activity profiles, and incorporating them into household decision choice models, we can characterize household lifestyles in ways that enhance our understanding and enable us to predict important decision-making processes within the urban system. I also demonstrate ways of integrating Big Data with traditional data sources in order to identify human mobility patterns, urban structures, and semantic themes of places reflected by human activities. Finally, I discuss how the enriched understanding about cities, human mobility, activity, and behavior choices derived from Big Data can make a difference in land use planning, urban growth management, and transportation policies.
by Shan Jiang.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning

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Vahedian, Khezerlou Amin. "Mining big mobility data for large urban event analytics." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7039.

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This thesis seeks to formulate concepts and develop methods that facilitate the mining of urban big mobility data. Specifically, the aim of the formulations and developed methods is to identify and predict certain events that occur as a result of urban mobility. This thesis, studies unexpected gathering and dispersal events. A Gathering event is the process of an unusually large number of moving objects (e.g. taxi) arriving at the same area within a short period of time. It is important for city management to identify emerging gathering events which might cause public safety or sustainability concerns. Similarly, a dispersal event is the process of an unusually large number of moving objects leaving the same area within a short period of time. Early prediction of dispersal events is important in mitigating congestion and safety risks and making better dispatching decisions for taxi and ride-sharing fleets. This thesis solves the problems of early detection and forecasting of gathering and predicting dispersal events. Prior work to detect gathering events uses undirected patterns which lack the ability to specify the dynamic flow of the traffic and the destination of the gathering. Forecasting gathering events is a predictive approach as apposed to descriptive approaches of detection. This thesis is the first to use destination prediction to forecast gathering events. Moreover, the presented destination prediction technique relaxes independence assumptions of related work and addresses the resulting challenges to achieve superior performance. Literature of dispersal event prediction solves this problem as a taxi demand prediction problem. Those methods aim at predicting the regular pattern and are unable to predict rare events. This thesis presents the SmartEdge Algorithm for early detection of gathering events. SmartEdge outputs a gathering footprint that specifies gathering paths and gathering destination. To forecast gathering events, this thesis presents DH-VIGO, which uses a dynamic hybrid model to forecast rare gathering events ahead of the time. Comprehensive evaluations using real-world datasets demonstrate meaningful results and superior performance compared to baseline methods. To predict dispersal events, this thesis uses a two-stage framework based on survival analysis called DILSA+, to predict the start time of the event and an event demand predictor to predict the volume of the demand in case of a dispersal event. Extensive evaluations on real-world data demonstrate that DILSA+ out-performs baselines and can effectively predict dispersal events.

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Bachir, Danya. "Estimating urban mobility with mobile network geolocation data mining." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL004/document.

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Dans les prochaines décennies, la circulation et les temps de trajets augmenteront drastiquement en raison du fort taux d'accroissement de la population urbaine. L'augmentation grandissante de la congestion sur les réseaux de transports menace le bon fonctionnement des villes à plusieurs niveaux, tels que le bien-être des citoyens, la santé, l'économie, le tourisme ou la pollution.Ainsi, il est urgent, pour les autorités locales et nationales, de promouvoir l'innovation pour la planification urbaine, à l'aide d'une politique de soutien à l'innovation et de prises de mesures radicales.Pour guider les processus de décisions, il est crucial d'estimer, analyser et comprendre la mobilité urbaine au quotidien.Traditionnellement, les informations sur les déplacements des populations était collectées via des rapports nationaux et locaux, tels que les recensements et les enquêtes. Toutefois, ces derniers ont un coût important, induisant une très faible fréquence de mise-à-jour, ainsi qu'une temporalité restreinte des données.En parallèle, les technologies de l'information et de la communication fournissent une quantité de données de mobilité sans précédent, au jour le jour, toutes catégories de population confondues. En particulier, les téléphones portables accompagnent désormais la majorité des citoyens lors de leurs déplacements et activités du quotidien. Dans cette thèse, nous estimons la mobilité urbaine par l'exploration des données du réseau mobile, qui sont collectées en temps réel, sans coût additionnel, par les opérateurs télécoms. Le traitement des données brutes est non-trivial en raison de leur nature sporadique et de la faible précision spatiale couplée à un bruit complexe.La thèse adresse deux problématiques via un schéma d'apprentissage faiblement supervisé (i.e., utilisant très peu de données labellisées) combinant plusieurs sources de données de mobilité. Dans un premier temps, nous estimons les densités de population et le nombre de visiteurs au cours du temps, à une échelle spatio-temporelle relativement fine.Dans un second temps, nous construisons les matrices Origine-Destination qui représentent les flux totaux de déplacements au cours du temps, pour différents modes de transports.Ces estimations sont validées par une comparaison avec des données de mobilité externes, avec lesquelles de fortes corrélations et de faibles erreurs sont obtenues.Les modèles proposés sont robustes au bruit et à la faible fréquence des données, bien que la performance des modèles soit fortement dépendante de l'échelle spatiale.Pour atteindre une performance optimale, la calibration des modèles doit également prendre en compte la zone d'étude et le mode de transport. Cette étape est nécessaire pour réduire les biais générés par une densité urbaine hétérogène et les différents comportements utilisateur.Ces travaux sont les premiers à estimer les flux totaux de voyageurs routiers et ferrés dans le temps, à l'échelle intra-régionale.Bien qu'une validation plus approfondie des modèles soit requise pour les renforcer, nos résultats mettent en évidence l'énorme potentiel de la science des données de réseaux mobiles appliquées à la planification urbaine
In the upcoming decades, traffic and travel times are expected to skyrocket, following tremendous population growth in urban territories. The increasing congestion on transport networks threatens cities efficiency at several levels such as citizens well-being, health, economy, tourism and pollution. Thus, local and national authorities are urged to promote urban planning innovation by adopting supportive policies leading to effective and radical measures. Prior to decision making processes, it is crucial to estimate, analyze and understand daily urban mobility. Traditionally, the information on population movements has been gathered through national and local reports such as census and surveys. Still, such materials are constrained by their important cost, inducing extremely low-update frequency and lack of temporal variability. On the meantime, information and communications technologies are providing an unprecedented quantity of up-to-date mobility data, across all categories of population. In particular, most individuals carry their mobile phone everywhere through their daily trips and activities. In this thesis, we estimate urban mobility by mining mobile network data, which are collected in real-time by mobile phone providers at no extra-cost. Processing the raw data is non-trivial as one must deal with temporal sparsity, coarse spatial precision and complex spatial noise. The thesis addresses two problematics through a weakly supervised learning scheme (i.e., using few labeled data) combining several mobility data sources. First, we estimate population densities and number of visitors over time, at fine spatio-temporal resolutions. Second, we derive Origin-Destination matrices representing total travel flows over time, per transport modes. All estimates are exhaustively validated against external mobility data, with high correlations and small errors. Overall, the proposed models are robust to noise and sparse data yet the performance highly depends on the choice of the spatial resolution. In addition, reaching optimal model performance requires extra-calibration specific to the case study region and to the transportation mode. This step is necessary to account for the bias induced by the joined effect of heterogeneous urban density and user behavior. Our work is the first successful attempt to characterize total road and rail passenger flows over time, at the intra-region level.Although additional in-depth validation is required to strengthen this statement, our findings highlight the huge potential of mobile network data mining for urban planning applications

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Kwon, Jongwan. "Mining Manhattan : a new urban model for recycling electronic waste." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103471.

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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 124-125).
This thesis proposes an electronic waste recycling center in downtown Manhattan as the test site for a new ecosystem of material production and consumption. Discarded electronic materials represent the single fastest growing source of municipal waste, which is often illegally exported to developing countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, India, China before being processed into reusable materials. As urban societies increasingly rely on digital devices, and those devices become obsolete at rapid rates, a new model for managing e-waste is desperately needed. The thesis employs architecture to raise awareness, illuminate deficiencies in the current model of e-waste management, and orchestrate an alternative model to current practices. The project is situated on the Gansevoort peninsula on the west side of Manhattan on a wasteland made from landfill, and the former site of a municipal waste incinerator. Micro collection points throughout the island collect approximately 100 tons of daily e-waste that are then transported to the recycling center, which serves the entire island. The architecture transforms e-waste into commodifiable resources such as gold and silver to make new products. Not only is the architecture a machine for creating new material but it becomes a site for exchanging knowledge, allowing public to engage and participate with the recycling processes. By exploiting the site's latent symbolic and logistical value, this thesis proposes a new urban consumption cycle. "One man's trash is another man's treasure"; obsolete devices enjoy their second lives.
by Jongwan Kwon.
M. Arch.

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Momtazpour, Marjan. "Knowledge Discovery for Sustainable Urban Mobility." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65157.

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Due to the rapid growth of urban areas, sustainable urbanization is an inevitable task for city planners to address major challenges in resource management across different sectors. Sustainable approaches of energy production, distribution, and consumption must take the place of traditional methods to reduce the negative impacts of urbanization such as global warming and fast consumption of fossil fuels. In order to enable the transition of cities to sustainable ones, we need to have a precise understanding of the city dynamics. The prevalence of big data has highlighted the importance of data-driven analysis on different parts of the city including human movement, physical infrastructure, and economic activities. Sustainable urban mobility (SUM) is the problem domain that addresses the sustainability issues in urban areas with respect to city dynamics and people movements in the city. Hence, to realize an integrated solution for SUM, we need to study the problems that lie at the intersection of energy systems and mobility. For instance, electric vehicle invention is a promising shift toward smart cities, however, the impact of high adoption of electric vehicles on different units such as electricity grid should be precisely addressed. In this dissertation, we use data analytics methods in order to tackle major issues in SUM. We focus on mobility and energy issues of SUM by characterizing transportation networks and energy networks. Data-driven methods are proposed to characterize the energy systems as well as the city dynamics. Moreover, we propose anomaly detection algorithms for control and management purposes in smart grids and in cities. In terms of applications, we specifically investigate the use of electrical vehicles for personal use and also for public transportation (i.e. electric taxis). We provide a data-driven framework to propose optimal locations for charging and storage installation for electric vehicles. Furthermore, adoption of electric taxi fleet in dense urban areas is investigated using multiple data sources.
Ph. D.

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Wallsten, Björn. "The Urk World : Hibernating Infrastructures and the Quest for Urban Mining." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122758.

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This PhD thesis concerns urban mining, an umbrella term for different recycling strategies aimed to recover materials from the built environment. More specifically, it focuses on hibernating urban infrastructures, that is: cables and pipes that have been left behind in their subsurface location after they were disconnected. I term this subsurface urban realm of system rejects the “Urk World”. “Urk” is short for “urkopplad”, the Swedish word for “disconnected”, an abbreviation often found on old infrastructure maps denoting discarded system parts. Since urks contain high concentrations of copper, my normative stance is that the Urk World should be “mined” as a contribution towards diminishing the persistently wasteful handling of mineral resources in society. The thesis has three focus areas. The first of these discusses how the Urk World has emerged, that is: how the creation of urks is sustained in sociotechnical processes related to infrastructure’s provision. The second concerns the potential of urk mining, how much copper the Urk World contains, where these quantities are located and by which implications they could be recovered. The third focus area is devoted to the politics of urks, and is concerned with the political embeddedness of infrastructure and where politics might intervene for the sake of increased urk recovery. Five papers complete the thesis. The first paper investigates how much copper, aluminium and steel there is in the Urk World of the Swedish city of Norrköping, and how these quantities are spatially dispersed in the urban environment. The second paper is based on interviews with system owners and repair crews, and investigates how urks come into existence in relation to three different infrastructural processes: maintenance, larger installation projects and shutdown. The third paper describes how environmental systems analysis can be beneficially coupled with theories and methods from the social sciences to create knowledge useful to aid the development of urk recycling schemes. The fourth article makes use of the inherent ambiguities of urks to investigate a spectrum of locations where politics aimed for increased urk recovery can intervene as well as what is at stake there. The fifth and final paper investigates urks in Linköping’s power grid in spatial and weight terms, and analyses the implications of urk recovery from several different viewpoints. In overall terms, the major contribution of the thesis is how it improves the knowledge of societal stocks of materials, thereby giving an increased recognition of the built environment as a resource base. In overall scientific terms, it sets an example of how a coherent interdisciplinary research design can provide knowledge useful for the implementation of urk recycling schemes as well as for political decision–making for increased urk recovery.

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Petkova, Philipa [Verfasser]. "Digitales Urban Mining von Gebäuden: Entwicklung informationstiefen-abhängiger Ressourcenpässe / Philipa Petkova." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122546068/34.

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Erlingsson, Oskar, and Karin Dahlqvist. "Designing for the Unknown : Exploring Urban Mining as a case study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1078.

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The earth’s resources are limited; with the speed that humanity are using earth’s resources today, we would need 1.5 times of the earth’s regenerative capacity to compensate for what we use. Raw materials has since a long time ago been mined from the bedrock, which affects the earth in a negative way. If we could use materials and products that are circulating in our society, but are not being used and thereby considered as waste, traditional mining could be replaced with urban mining. Imagine what would happen if earth’s resources would be limited by laws and regulations in the future; mining as it is known today would not be allowed and there would be a need of resources that is gathered in another way, an unknown way. The world is constantly changing and this results in the fact that there will always be unexplored areas that needs to be defined and developed to be able to handle the changes in the future. Considering the fact that urban mining is such an unexplored field, there is a need of creating a process to define the segment in order to develop product/services within it. The outcome of this thesis is therefore recommendations for how a generic design process can be tailored and implemented for innovation development in undefined areas. The result is reached through investigating a development project, which focuses in the research area urban mining, as a case study and also by studying design processes in theory. The investigation is conducted with an explorative approach by observing the field and sub-fields of urban mining. This thesis shows that drivers and trends for urban mining exist, and that there is a future need to capitalize this market. The result also shows that the most important characteristics of the design process when designing for the unknown, is the fact that defining the research area requires even more effort when dealing with an initially unknown field, compared with known research areas.
Jordens resurser är begränsade; med den hastighet som mänskligheten använder jordens resurser idag, skulle vi behöva 1,5 gånger jordens återhämtningsförmåga för att kompensera för det vi använder. Råmaterial har sedan länge brutits från berggrunden, vilket påverkar jorden på ett negativt sätt. Om vi istället skulle kunna använda material och produkter som cirkulerar i vårt samhälle, men inte används och därmed betraktas som avfall, skulle traditionell materialutvinning kunna ersättas med urban mining. Tänk vad som skulle hända om jordens resurser i framtiden begränsas genom lagar och regler; materialutvinning som det är känt idag inte skulle tillåtas och det då skulle finnas ett behov att samla resurser på ett annat sätt, ett idag okänt sätt. Världen förändras ständigt vilket resulterar i det faktum att det alltid kommer att finnas outforskade områden som måste definieras och utvecklas för att kunna hantera dessa förändringar i framtiden. Urban mining är ett sådant outforskat område och därför finns det ett behov av att skapa en process för att definiera segmentet och på så vis kunna utveckla produkter och tjänster inom området. Resultatet av denna uppsats är därför rekommendationer för hur en allmän design process kan skräddarsys och implementeras för innovativ utveckling i odefinierade områden. Resultatet uppnås genom att analysera ett utvecklingsprojekt, som fokuserar på forskningsområdet urban mining, som en fallstudie, samt att studera designprocesser i teorin. Undersökningen genomförs med ett explorativt tillvägagångssätt genom att utföra observationer inom ämnet urban mining. Arbetet visar att drivfaktorer och trender för urban mining existerar och att det finns ett framtida behov att utforska och dra fördel av denna marknad. Resultatet visar också att de viktigaste egenskaperna hos design processen vid utveckling inom okända områden är det faktum att forskningsområdet kräver ännu större fokus på att definiera området, jämfört med kända forskningsområden.

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15

Cordy, Paul David. "Urban atmospheric mercury contamination from artisanal mining : mapping, modeling, and mitigation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46527.

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Artisanal miners in more than 70 countries extract gold using mercury, which is often evaporated in densely populated urban areas. This work explores the behaviour of these emissions, and the potential implications for human health. Maps of urban mercury concentrations are used to evaluate the impact of mercury reduction interventions and estimate the distribution of health hazard. Atmospheric dispersion modeling is also used to corroborate inferences about the behaviour of urban mercury vapour that are derived from observations, and to simulate hazard distributions. Miners decompose the amalgams (with 50 to 60% mercury) and melt the raw gold in shops located near the centre of each town without sufficient condensers or filters. The average concentrations measured by mobile mercury vapour analyzer transects taken repeatedly over several weeks were 1.25 μgm -³ in 2010 in Segovia and 0.331 μgm -³ in Andacollo (2009). Mobile mercury measurements and atmospheric dispersion modeling both indicate that mercury emissions from gold shops, though high, dissipate rapidly in space and time. Mobile mercury mapping along streets can detect most frequent emitters with only a few weeks of mobile sampling. Observations of concentrations greater than 1 μgm -³ indicate that within the past 5 minutes amalgam was being burned within a 200 metre radius. Measurements from towers show the temporal variability of mercury concentrations, and show that large quantities of mercury are available for long-range atmospheric transport. By World Health Organization (WHO) standards, these towns are exposed to a significant health hazard, and globally, the millions of miners as well as non-miners who live in similar towns are at serious risk of neurological and renal disease. Various direct and indirect indicators of gold production and mercury reduction also show that mitigation efforts by the United Nations Industrial Organization (UNIDO) in Colombia have reduced urban airborne mercury concentrations by approximately 50% in Segovia, Antioquia, despite a 30% increase in gold production during that three year period. This is attributable to the adoption of retorts by miners and regulations banning new processing centres to the rural periphery.

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Gyogluu, Sarah. "Planning and development of mining towns in Ghana: an exploration of mining and urban development frameworks and practices." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1446.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Town and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University Of Technology 2013
Ghana has had a long history of mining especially with respect to gold, dating back to the Trans-Saharan Trade where gold precipitated civilisations and was a main commodity of trade among Europeans, merchants and ancient kingdoms. In the 21st century, globalisation coupled with increasing urbanisation has been driving demand for mineral resources and thus the resurging commodity booms. This increases foreign direct investment (FDI) in mining countries like Ghana resulting in not only growth in gross domestic product (GDP) but impacts that transcend macro-level and have direct and indirect impacts on communities in mining regions. The result is often that livelihoods are altered, spin-offs on the local economy emerge and the attendant settlement functions impact on the efficacy of existing mining and development planning and regulatory frameworks. Tarkwa is one of Ghana’s traditional gold mining towns and is the substantive context of the research. The main objectives of the research were:  To identify the existing key mining and development planning regulations, gaps present and how these have impacted on the efficacy of governments management practices in responding to consequences of mining-led development.  To analyse the urban household’s perceptions of mining impacts on livelihoods, business enterprises and livelihood coping strategies and mechanisms.  To assess the implications of these emerging planning and development frameworks and trends for the effective planning and development of mining towns in Ghana The highlights of the findings of the research in relation to the above objectives included:  The research revealed that urban households’ perception of mining on their livelihoods was mixed. One of the perceived negative impacts of mining that stuck out from overall responses was scarcity of land for purposes of farming and building.  With respect to coping with mining impacts, respondents largely employed a combination of assets to survive the mining environment. However, respondents’ dependence on human capital-that is, their ability to work and generate income underpinned all livelihoods capitals.  Over 96 percent of business enterprises, perceived purchasing power of people and related available or potential market as the most positive spin-off from mining yet. The informal economy was dominant in terms of business enterprise ownership with informal trading as the most principal form of business enterprise in the informal economy. The research findings have significant meaning within the broad context of mining-led urban development and with implications for theory, the development and planning for resource-driven settlements (practice) and for further research. For example, with regard to development and planning practice, some glaring challenges include the lack of a proper land management system, “superiority” of some institutions (mine houses)in dealing with the Town and Planning Department and Municipal Assembly, lack of effective collaboration between related institutions, gaps in planning legislations make planning near impossible in Tarkwa. The effect being that Tarkwa is growing (spatially to accommodate businesses and people coming in) but without an effective and responsive development planning system to effectively channel and coordinate this growth so that long term development is sustained. The study concludes and recommends that, there is need for a rethink in the way mining towns are planned for and developed in Ghana and should include: a review of the Minerals and Mining law (Act 703) to engender more rights and protection to the communities, a constant review of concession and other agreements to reflect a constantly changing world order, institutional collaboration for planning and development, and long term planning which synchronises spatial and economic planning to capture advantages of agglomeration in and around the Tarkwa mining region.

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Chai, Yi, and Zhenqing Gao. "Product-Service System Innovation in Urban Mining-A case study with Volvo CE." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5471.

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Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE) is one of the world's largest manufacturers of construction machines. Now they want to access a sustainability-focused mining field – urban mining. This study is to find a solution helping Volvo CE quickly access to urban mining with a Product-Service System (PSS) development concept. To do this, the authors completed surveys and several interviews with construction companies, to understand the user and customer needs. The authors also go through a functional analysis on a new prototype of their collaboration partner - Stanford University. The result of this thesis is a PSS concept for urban mining, developed with machine selection guidelines combined with Life Cycle Assessment, and Quality Function Deployment. Recommendations include: 1) Improve the communication between Volvo CE and their Customers. 2) Adding more visible services. 3) Adding multiple business solutions provide to customers. 4) Understanding relevant stakeholders in urban mining 5) Expand research on urban mining.

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Andersson, Simon. "Urban Mining potential in local power grids: Hibernating copper and aluminium in Linköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97042.

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Power grids have a high content of metal, mainly copper and aluminium. When old cables reach their end-of-life, or in some way lose their intended purpose, they are usually left lying in their subsurface position. Material no longer used, but not yet discarded as waste, is in a state known as hibernation. Over time there is an accumulation of hibernating cables under ground that potentially could be recovered or “mined”. The aim of this study is to examine the total hibernating metal content of an urban, subsurface power grid, how it is distributed and also what reasons for disconnection are the most common. The focus of the study is the power grid of Linköping. Using a GIS based variant of material flow analysis the hibernating metal stock is examined both in terms of size and spatial distribution. The results of the study show a significant amount of hibernating copper and aluminium; in total 240 tons of metal were identified. By comparing the results with previous studies both similar and differing patterns appear. The main differences lie in the distribution of the stock within the city which is affected by the characteristics of the cities. When examining the reasons for disconnection continuous repair and maintenance work seems to be the most common reason for disconnection of cables. Further studies on how the characteristics of a city affects the formation of hibernating metal stocks in the infrastructure are suggested.

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19

Yu, Myong-Hwan. "Geohazards associated with rising groundwater in urban areas affected by former coal mining." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433423.

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Andersson, Simon, and Johan Petersson. "Potential for Urban Mining in Norrköping : a Static Quantification of Metal in Subterranean Infrasystems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68929.

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As the society’s demand for metal increases, the rate of mineral extraction will do the same. This contributes to environmental implications in the form of emissions and depletion of finite natural resources. Conventional recycling is a common practice used to reduce the need for extraction of metal ore and in turn reduce the environmental impact. Recycling is an important source to satisfy the metal demand; as much of 30 % of the metal demand is covered by recycling in some markets. Another form of recycling is the practice of urban mining. A practice which includes recycling of society’s stocks of unused but not discarded metal, these unused amounts metal is part of a so called hibernating stock. An example of a very large stock is the infrasystems in the shape of power cables and pipes. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the metal stocks of copper, aluminium and iron in subterranean infrasystems in the city district of Södra Butängen in Norrköping. Also, a quantification for Norrköping as a whole is performed but on slightly different infrasystems. An economical valuation of these stocks is also performed. The Municipality of Norrköping has the ambition to transform this small industrial area, that Södra Butängen is today, into to a sustainability profiled residential and commercial area which opens up an opportunity to recycle the infrasystems when all buildings are removed and the ground is dug up. To fulfil the objective of the thesis, and quantify the metal stocks, so called static quantification was used. The infrasystems to be included in this study were chosen and the data describing these systems was collected from the respective owner of the systems. The gathered data consists of maps which were digitalized with GIS-software using ArcMap 10 where the stocks then were quantified. The results show that the infrasystems in Södra Butängen holds almost 600 tons of metal with an economical value of 4.67 million SEK. For the Norrköping quantification the results shows that the stock contains about 30,000 tons of metal. The economical value is a little over 70 million SEK. The hibernating stocks in Norrköping equals to 5,100 tons of metal and a value of 9.5 million SEK. There is a potential for urban mining in Södra Butängen that should be considered. However, there are some issues that also must be considered, like cost of extraction. There are large stocks of metal that not have been possible to identify in this thesis. This includes the power grid for Norrköping; a valuable stock due to its large copper content.

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Ha, Simon. "Construction industry market segmentation: Foresight of needs and priorities of the urban mining segment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1017.

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Context: Current unsustainable practices have resulted in the depletion of natural resources and a prevailing material scarcity. Urban Mining has emerged in this context and suggests the “mining” of cities or other sources in urban areas to retrieve valuable resources. It raises the topic of how urban mining as a market segment of the construction industry is like today and in the future. Objective: The thesis sets out to study what firms in the urban mining market segment desires in terms of needs and priorities. Furthermore, what could be prioritized in the future (2030), what future scenarios could be expected and what implications these can have on organizations within the segment and on the construction industry. Method: A foresight methodology was applied as a framework for the research design. Interview with representatives from 10 firms, including observations of their operations, resulted in a number of mutual needs shared across the urban mining segment. These were prioritized in relative importance based on a questionnaire of 67 respondents representing 44 different firms in Sweden. A combination of these studies and a review of technology trends further enabled the extrapolation of future scenarios. Results: The findings shows that firms within the urban mining market segment prioritizes and emphasizes needs related concerns in optimization, cost control, safety, environmental and social care today. Needs related to safety, environmental and social care are indicated to remain top prioritized as a result of the future market circumstances. A holistic and lifecycle approach in urban mining practices was deemed of low priority today but was indicated to grow significantly in relative importance in the future. Conclusion: Technology, urbanization and globalization indicates stricter and more competitive market circumstances in the future. Especially related to safety, lifecycle consideration, environmental, and social care. The research suggests that firms concerned and those operating within the urban mining segment may need to undergo transformational changes in their organization to meet what the market segment expects in the future. Moreover, the findings opens up the possibility for actors and stakeholders concerned with the construction industry to proactively go into a desired future by knowing how the future market could unfold.
Stanford University, ME310: Urban Mining

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Behnisch, Martin. "Urban Data Mining Operationalisierung der Strukturerkennung und Strukturbildung von Ähnlichkeitsmustern über die gebaute Umwelt /." Karlsruhe : Universitätsverlag, 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000008458.

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23

Fu, Kaiqun. "Spatiotemporal Event Forecasting and Analysis with Ubiquitous Urban Sensors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104165.

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The study of information extraction and knowledge exploration in the urban environment is gaining popularity. Ubiquitous sensors and a plethora of statistical reports provide an immense amount of heterogeneous urban data, such as traffic data, crime activity statistics, social media messages, and street imagery. The development of methods for heterogeneous urban data-based event identification and impacts analysis for a variety of event topics and assumptions is the subject of this dissertation. A graph convolutional neural network for crime prediction, a multitask learning system for traffic incident prediction with spatiotemporal feature learning, social media-based transportation event detection, and a graph convolutional network-based cyberbullying detection algorithm are the four methods proposed. Additionally, based on the sensitivity of these urban sensor data, a comprehensive discussion on ethical issues of urban computing is presented. This work makes the following contributions in urban perception predictions: 1) Create a preference learning system for inferring crime rankings from street view images using a bidirectional convolutional neural network (bCNN). 2) Propose a graph convolutional networkbased solution to the current urban crime perception problem; 3) Develop street view image retrieval algorithms to demonstrate real city perception. This work also makes the following contributions in traffic incident effect analysis: 1) developing a novel machine learning system for predicting traffic incident duration using temporal features; 2) modeling traffic speed similarity among road segments using spatial connectivity in feature space; and 3) proposing a sparse feature learning method for identifying groups of temporal features at a higher level. In transportation-related incidents detection, this work makes the following contributions: 1) creating a real-time social media-based traffic incident detection platform; 2) proposing a query expansion algorithm for traffic-related tweets; and 3) developing a text summarization tool for redundant traffic-related tweets. Cyberbullying detection from social media platforms is one of the major focus of this work: 1) Developing an online Dynamic Query Expansion process using concatenated keyword search. 2) Formulating a graph structure of tweet embeddings and implementing a Graph Convolutional Network for fine-grained cyberbullying classification. 3) Curating a balanced multiclass cyberbullying dataset from DQE, and making it publicly available. Additionally, this work seeks to identify ethical vulnerabilities from three primary research directions of urban computing: urban safety analysis, urban transportation analysis, and social media analysis for urban events. Visions for future improvements in the perspective of ethics are addressed.
Doctor of Philosophy
The ubiquitously deployed urban sensors such as traffic speed meters, street-view cameras, and even smartphones in everybody's pockets are generating terabytes of data every hour. How do we refine the valuable intelligence out of such explosions of urban data and information became one of the profitable questions in the field of data mining and urban computing. In this dissertation, four innovative applications are proposed to solve real-world problems with big data of the urban sensors. In addition, the foreseeable ethical vulnerabilities in the research fields of urban computing and event predictions are addressed. The first work explores the connection between urban perception and crime inferences. StreetNet is proposed to learn crime rankings from street view images. This work presents the design of a street view images retrieval algorithm to improve the representation of urban perception. A data-driven, spatiotemporal algorithm is proposed to find unbiased label mappings between the street view images and the crime ranking records. The second work proposes a traffic incident duration prediction model that simultaneously predicts the impact of the traffic incidents and identifies the critical groups of temporal features via a multi-task learning framework. Such functionality provided by this model is helpful for the transportation operators and first responders to judge the influences of traffic incidents. In the third work, a social media-based traffic status monitoring system is established. The system is initiated by a transportation-related keyword generation process. A state-of-the-art tweets summarization algorithm is designed to eliminate the redundant tweets information. In addition, we show that the proposed tweets query expansion algorithm outperforms the previous methods. The fourth work aims to investigate the viability of an automatic multiclass cyberbullying detection model that is able to classify whether a cyberbully is targeting a victim's age, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other quality. This work represents a step forward for establishing an active anti-cyberbullying presence in social media and a step forward towards a future without cyberbullying. Finally, a discussion of the ethical issues in the urban computing community is addressed. This work seeks to identify ethical vulnerabilities from three primary research directions of urban computing: urban safety analysis, urban transportation analysis, and social media analysis for urban events. Visions for future improvements in the perspective of ethics are pointed out.

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24

Ali, Saleem H. "Environmental resistance and Aboriginal development : a comparative study of mining ventures in the United States and Canada." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8816.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 325-346).
Summary: This dissertation asks the question: why do indigenous communities support environmental causes in certain cases of mining development and not in others, when technical indicators of environmental impact may in fact be comparable? The empirical research question I am trying to address is: When does environmental resistance arise in native communities in the United States and Canada that are faced with the prospect of mining development? Native people in the United States and Canada have endured widespread environmental harm at the behest of mining ventures. During the past two decades, the enactment of environmental laws and the recognition of treaty violations by settler governments have collectively led to a politics of retribution in both countries. However, conflicts surrounding mining development and indigenous people continue to challenge policy-makers on both sides of the border. I use qualitative social science research techniques such as deviant case analysis, process tracing, congruence procedures and counterfactual analysis to study four instances of mining development (cases involving both the prevalence and non-prevalence of environmental resistance in each of the two countries). After using a process of elimination procedure in my initial scoping analysis for the case studies, I test process-oriented hypotheses anchored in theories of negotiation involving social movements and linkage politics. My study reveals that contrary to common belief, neither scientific studies (technical impact) and economic considerations nor external influence of civic society adequately explain the emergence or prevalence of resistance. Instead the negotiation process, particularly the way in which issues are linked, strategic alliance formation and the articulation of sovereignty are the key determinants of environmental resistance in Aboriginal communities. I conclude with some lessons for both the US and Canada in terms of public policy and negotiation processes that can be most conducive to environmentally responsible and effective planning of mining ventures on or near Aboriginal land.
by Saleem H. Ali.
Ph.D.

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Leng, Yan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Urban computing using call detail records : mobility pattern mining, next-location prediction and location recommendation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104156.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 145-152).
Urban computing fuses computer science with other fields, such as transportation, in the context of urban spaces by connecting ubiquitous sensing technologies, analytical models and visualizations to solve challenging problems in urban environment and operation systems. This paper focuses on Call Detail Records, one widely collected opportunistic sensing data source for billing purposes, to understand presence patterns, develop mobility prediction methods and reduce traffic congestions with location recommendations. Understanding human mobility and presence patterns at locations are the building blocks for behavior prediction, service design and system improvements. In the first part, this thesis focuses on 1) understanding presence patterns at user locations with a proposed metric Normalized Hourly Presence, 2) extracting common presence patterns across the population with Principal Component Analysis; 3) and infer home and workplaces using K-means Clustering and Fuzzy C-means Clustering. The proposed method was implemented on MIT Reality Mining data, by which we demonstrate that with inference rates of 56% and 82%, the method can improve 79% and 34% in accuracy respectively in home and workplace inference comparing to the baseline model. In addition, it was implemented on the CDR data collected in a crowded city in China to prove its scalability and applicability in real-world applications. With Fuzzy C-means Clustering, we could flexibly trade-off between inference rate and accuracy to understand the interplay between the two and apply it for various purposes. With an understanding of mobility patterns, the next crucial foundation in urban computing is mobility prediction, enabling transportation practitioners to take actions beforehand and commercial organizations to send location-based advertisements, etc. Specifically, this paper focuses on next-location prediction from Call Detail Records. Mobility traces was analogized to language models, mapping cell towers to words and individual location traces to sentences. Recurrent Neural Network is a successful tool in natural language processing, which is applied in mobility prediction due to its acceptance of sequential input, variable input length and ability to learn the 'meaning' of cell towers. By implementing the method on Call Detail Records collected in Andorra, we show that the method improved more than 40% over the baseline model, with 67% and 78% accuracy in next location at cell tower and merged cell tower level respectively. The 'meanings' of the cell tower could also be inferred, the same as learning the meanings of words in sentences, from the embedding layer of Recurrent Neural Network. The last project aims at tackling the challenge of severe traffic congestions with location recommendations. The availability of large-scale longitudinal geolocation data, such as Call Detail Records, offers planners and service providers an unprecedented opportunity to understand location preferences and alleviate traffic congestions. Location recommendation is a potential tool to achieve these two objectives. Previous research on location recommendations has focused on automatically and accurately inferring users' preferences, while little attention has been devoted to the constraints of service capacity. The ignorance may lead to congestion and long waiting time. We argue that Call Detail Records could help planners and authorities make interventions by providing personalized recommendations given the comprehensive urban-wide picture of historical behaviors and preferences. In this research, we propose a method to make location recommendations for system efficiency, defined as maximizing satisfactions toward recommendations subject to capacity constraints, exploiting travelers' choice flexibilities. We infer implicit location preferences based on sparse and passively-collected Call Detail Records. We then formulate an optimization model the defined system efficiency. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we implement the method in Andorra, a small European country heavily relying on tourism. By extensive simulations, we demonstrate that the method can reduce the travel time increased by congestion during peak hour from 11.73 minutes to 5.6 minutes with idealized trips under full compliance rates. We show that the average travel time increased by congestion is 6.17, 6.98, 8.37 and 10.98 minutes with 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% compliance rates. Overall, our results indicate that Call Detail Records can be used to make locations recommendation while reduce traffic congestion for system efficiency. The proposed method can be applied to other large-scale location traces and extended to other location or events recommendation applications.
by Yan Leng.
S.M. in Transportation
S.M.

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Davey, Stephen. "Environmental governance of sand mining in an urban setting : Macassar Dunes, Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4842.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Sand is a resource in high demand for urban expansion and development. Sand mining operations are often located on the edges of cities. The Macassar Dunes are an important source of building sand for the City of Cape Town. The area is located within the Cape Floral Kingdom, the smallest and richest of the six floral kingdoms of the world. The Macassar Dunes area has been identified as a core flora conservation site due to its unique habitat diversity and quality. South Africa is a developing country and this case study is used to highlight the tensions that arise between the need to provide building sand for development and the need for integrated and accountable management that allows for the sustainable functioning of natural physical and ecological processes as well as enhanced social and economic benefits for people.

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Manenzhe, Thiathu Darriyl. "A critical review of the housing policy and the State's intervention in mining towns in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29485.

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Since 2012, there has been increasing government interest in mining towns. This interest was occasioned by the Marikana shooting. This interest, led by the presidency through Inter-ministerial Committee on the Revitalisation of Distressed Mining Towns and Communities has had impact on human settlements. This dissertation provides an overview of the Mining Towns Programme and its evolution, identify some of the major pitfalls and assumptions of the programme, and propose an alternative. It also provides and reflects a sustained critique of the approach of the state in the creation of human settlements and the provision of housing in mining towns. Furthermore, the dissertation attempts to assess the efficacy of human settlements approach to mining towns. In doing this, I argue that despite the increased interest, the approach adopted has fundamental weaknesses. These weaknesses range from the fundamental departure from the original intention and focus of the programme, the over-reliance on the existing but inappropriate human settlements delivery instruments and the ignorance of and the weakened role of local government in the programme. In its reliance on the existing human settlements delivery instruments, the implementation and delivery of houses has not addressed the problems faced by mineworkers. Moreover, the state has also overlooked the deep historical challenges of mining towns, both in terms of context and practice and this has undermined the effective implementation of the programme. There are also other institutional and socioeconomic problems associated with mining towns and this has not been properly assessed. The dissertation critically evaluates the approach and the shortcomings of the Mining Towns Programme against these challenges and posits some alternatives.

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Batista, ClÃstenes Teixeira. "A mineraÃÃo de agregados na regiÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza: impactos ambientais e conflitos de uso e ocupaÃÃo do solo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6396.

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A RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza possui grande potencial natural e socioeconÃmico para o desenvolvimento da mineraÃÃo de agregados. A diversidade litolÃgica garante boa oferta desse material de uso imediato na construÃÃo civil e o crescimento econÃmico associado Ã demanda reprimida por construÃÃes habitacionais e ainda, as deficiÃncias da estrutura urbana formam o cenÃrio favorÃvel Ã expansÃo dessa atividade na regiÃo. A mineraÃÃo Ã uma atividade de impactos ambientais no meio fÃsico e no meio socioeconÃmico notÃrios, tanto positivos como adversos. Ã responsÃvel pela geraÃÃo de empregos e receita pÃblica, Ã uma atividade imprescindÃvel ao crescimento de outros ramos da economia e no desenvolvimento urbano e, ao mesmo tempo, provoca sÃrias alteraÃÃes na paisagem e no meio ambiente. Na RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza, muitas empresas de mineraÃÃo nÃo seguem os cuidados necessÃrios nas suas atividades para mitigar os impactos que ela causam no seu entorno. Outro ponto crÃtico Ã a questÃo dos conflitos de uso e ocupaÃÃo do solo. A mineraÃÃo disputa com outras formas de ocupaÃÃo e atividades como a indÃstria, a agricultura e o prÃprio crescimento da malha urbana, espaÃo territorial na regiÃo. Somam-se a isso, as limitaÃÃes naturais do meio fÃsico da regiÃo metropolitana e as Ãreas de interesse ambiental na forma de Unidades de ConservaÃÃo e Ãreas de PreservaÃÃo Permanente, onde a mineraÃÃo deve ser proibida ou executada com limitaÃÃes mais rigorosas. A RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza possui um bom conjunto de Ãreas de interesse ambiental legalmente instituÃdas, mas carece de planejamento territorial que leve em conta a importÃncia da mineraÃÃo no crescimento da regiÃo e amenize ou evite os conflitos de uso e ocupaÃÃo do solo, assegurando a oferta dos agregados Ã economia local, insumo bÃsico ao seu crescimento.
The Metropolitan Area of Fortaleza has great potential natural and economic for the development of mining of aggregates. Diversity of lithology ensures good supply of material for immediate use in civil construction and economic growth associated pent-up demand by building housing and also the deficiencies, of urban structure form the scenery favorable to expansion of this activity in the region. It is a activity of environmental impacts in the physical and social, both positive and adverse. Is responsible for the generation of jobs and revenue publics, an activity very important the growth of other branches of economy and urban development and at the same time causes serious changes on landscapes and environment. In The Metropolitan Area of Fortaleza, many companies do not observe care in their activities to mitigate the consequences it can have on their surroundings. Another important is the conflicts of soil use. The mining dispute with other forms of occupation and activities such as industry, agriculture and the urban growth, territorial space in the region. Added to this, limitations natural and physical environment of regions and metropolitan areas of environmental interest in the form of Units Conservation e Areas of Permanent Preservation, where mining should be prohibited or limitations performed with more stringent. The Metropolitan Area of Fortaleza has a good set of areas of environmental interest established legally, but lacks territorial planning that takes into account the importance of mining in the growth of regions reduce or avoid conflicts of use and occupancy of the soil, ensuring the supply of aggregates the local economy, input to its growth.

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Saarinen, Oiva. "Sudbury: A Historical Case Study of Multiple Urban-Economic Transformation." Ontario Historical Society, 1990. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/288.

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Sudbury serves as a relevant historical case study of a settlement that has undergone several transformations since its inception as a fledgling village in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Though changes of this kind have been frequent in Ontario, they have not normally happened to hinterland resource communities. This article suggests that Sudbury is unique in this regard, having evolved through five distinct stages: (I) a railway company village, (2) a colonial-frontier mining town and city, (3) a regional central-place, (4) a declining metropolis, and (5) a nearly selfsustaining community. The constant restructuring of Sudbury's society and economic base has been caused by a variety of external and internal forces, among which the "human dynamic" has been vital and ever present. The paper suggests that under certain circumstances a resource community can progress from a staples and boom-bust existence to a more sustainable urban economy based on local and regional influences.

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Kågesson, Gustav, and Zainalabidin Tahir. "Manufacturing processes and materials selection for a sustainable future." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1047.

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This study focuses on different manufacturing processes and material choices for products that are designed to help the future to be more sustainable. These products were developed in a global project that explored the field and subfields of urban mining. This thesis is a part of that project and is meant to come with valuable input to the results. In this urban mining project two products were developed. The two different products that has been developed during this project is the NIX and the UM Factory. They work together with keeping material on the construction site when space is limited in order to reduce the transportation, both for the environmental benefit and also from a cost perspective. Together they will not only keep the material on the site but also refine them so they can be used again. This thesis will look into how these two products can be manufactured and what materials is a suitable choice for the products. These two factors were also thought about during the development of the products, both how to make it as simple design that was easy to produce while still fulfilling the requirements set. Also what materials might be a suitable choice for different parts of the products is considered, in order to be reliable, easy to work with, and relatively cheap. The study also explored some methods and materials that might be worth looking into in a few years. Methods and materials that today are undeveloped or not economically viable.

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Wallsten, Björn. "Underneath Norrköping : An Urban Mine of Hibernating Infrastructure." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98056.

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This study examines the subsurface infrastructure in the Swedish city of Norrköping from an urban mining perspective. Urban mining is a broadly defined term for different strategies that regard the built environment as a resource base for materials. In this study, the focus is on three base metals that exist in large quantities in infrastructure parts: iron, copper and aluminium. A special focus is given to the parts of Norrköping’s infrastructure that are not in-use and thus constitute a ”hibernating stock” that contains recyclable metals. The main results of this study are twofold. First, a quantitative assessment of the hibernating stocks of urban infrastructure gives answers to how large the stocks are and where in Norrköping they are located. This was performed using a spatially informed Material Flow Analysis to arrive at a recycling potential in terms of weight and spatial concentration. Second, a qualitative assessment was made regarding how these hibernating stocks of urban infrastructure come into existence. An infrastructure studies perspective was used to outline three patterns with their own sets of ”hibernation” logics. These logics give rise to different prerequisites for the implementation of urban mining in practice. A main argument of this study’s cover essay is that both of the above outlined kinds of knowledge are needed to engage in urban mining with confidence. Thus, the main focus of the cover essay text is to describe how the two different perspectives of Material Flow Analysis and infrastructure studies were combined into a coherent research approach.

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Liu, Donglie [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Niemeier. "Synthetic Aperture Radar for Process-Related Monitoring in Urban and Mining Areas / Donglie Liu ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Niemeier." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1175821640/34.

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Gupta, Prakriti. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Data and its Application for Smart Cities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87418.

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With the advent of smart sensor devices and Internet of Things (IoT) in the rapid urbanizing cities, data is being generated, collected and analyzed to solve urban problems in the areas of transportation, epidemiology, emergency management, economics, and sustainability etc. The work in this area basically involves analyzing one or more types of data to identify and characterize their impact on other urban phenomena like traffic speed and ride-sharing, spread of diseases, emergency evacuation, share market and electricity demand etc. In this work, we perform spatio-temporal analysis of various urban datasets collected from different urban application areas. We start with presenting a framework for predicting traffic demand around a location of interest and explain how it can be used to analyze other urban activities. We use a similar method to characterize and analyze spatio-temporal criminal activity in an urban city. At the end, we analyze the impact of nearby traffic volume on the electric vehicle charging demand at a charging station.
Master of Science

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Granberg, Lomyr Mikaela. "Urban mining i praktiken : Hur kan återvinning av markförlagda kablar integreras i infrastrukturs-planeringen och vilka kostnadsposter kan användas vid projektbererdning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138737.

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För att hantera den ökande befolkningen i världen behöver jordens resurser användas mer effekt vilket till exempel kan göras genom att återvinna material som inte längre fyller någon funktion. Området Urban mining handlar om att frigöra material som inte längre används i den urbana miljön och göra dem tillgängliga för nya produkter. I Sverige förläggs olika typer av infrastruktursystem i marken och när de inte längre används får de vanligtvis ligga kvar. Resursbasen som bland annat urkopplade elkablar utgör har identifierats i tidigare studier som intressant att ta upp i samband med markingrepp, då de innehåller värdefulla metaller. Att förädla malm till ren metall är dessutom mer kostsamt, ur både ekonomiskt och miljömässigt perspektiv, än att återvinna produkter som inte längre används.Studien har omfattat intervjuer med elnätsägaren i Linköping om hur beslut fattas kring elnätets förvaltning samt en praktisk pilotstudie i utvecklingsorten Vikingstad. Personer på olika strategisk nivå intervjuades och styrande dokument som ägardirektiv för verksamheten granskades. Därefter identifierades möjligheter och hinder för att kabelupptagning ska ske i större utsträckning än idag samt vart i den strategiska processen frågan behöver integreras. I Vikingstad var planen att både förnya och förstärka elnätet på sträckor där kablar som skulle kopplas ur låg. Under pilotstudien undersöktes vilka extra moment som upptagningen krävde, vad momenten innebar för kostnader, vilken tid de tog samt vilka intäkter som kabelskrotet genererade.Elnätsägarna regleras av energimarknasinspektionens intäktsram och branchorganisationen Svensk energi har en central roll för ökad och spridd kunskap hos Sveriges elnätsägare. Dessa två intressenter har därför viktiga roller i ställningstagandet om huruvida urkopplade elnätskablar ska tas upp eller ej. Hos elnätsägaren i Linköping är det när beslut tas om vilka förstärknings- eller förnyelseprojekt som ska genomföras som möjligheten till integrering av upptagning av urkopplade kablar bör undersökas. Detta då fallspecifika parametrar som fördelaktig ny sträckning och omkopplingsmöjligheter är avgörande för genomförbarheten. Resultatet från pilotstudien visar att fyra typer av moment är nödvändiga för att ta upp urkopplade kablar: ”schaktning och friläggning”, ”lyfta upp kabel ur schakt”, ”samla ihop kabel och kabelband” samt ”återställning”. Av dessa moment påverkar ”schaktning och friläggning” kostnaderna mest om extra djup krävs och ”lyfta upp kabel ur schakt” är mest kostsamt om det finns många andra system kring kabeln som ska tas upp. Det ekonomiska resultatet visar att tre procent av kostnaderna på sträckorna där kablar togs upp kan allokeras till upptagningen.Slutligen konstateras att fördelar som ökad miljöprestanda och frigjord plats för nya system i marken bör beaktas i större utsträckning hos elnätsägaren. Kostnader och intäkter kan också styras om för att motivera elnätsägarna mer, då upptagningen i dagsläget medför ökade kostnader för dem. För att underlätta budgetering av förstärknings- eller förnyelseprojekt med integrerad kabelupptagning presenteras kostnadsposter för de sammanslagna momenten upptagningen innebär, baserade på olika grundförutsättningar. Exempel på framtida studier för att öka kunskapen om och möjligheterna att ta upp urkopplade kablar är fler pilotstudier för att erhålla ett mer generaliserbart dataunderlag samt att undersöka hur ekonomiska värden av kabelupptagning kan fördelas mer fördelaktigt för elnätsägarna.
Städer som gruvor II

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35

Lemmons, Kelly Kristopher. "Salt Lake City's urban growth and Kennecott Utah Copper a geographical analysis of urban expansion onto a previously proposed Superfund site adjacent to the world's largest copper mine /." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/206/.

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Köhn, Antonia [Verfasser], Liselotte [Akademischer Betreuer] Schebek, and Hans Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Linke. "Urban Mining: Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Ermittlung zukünftiger Rohstoffströme aus Gebäudetechnik / Antonia Köhn ; Liselotte Schebek, Hans Joachim Linke." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179361717/34.

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37

Babendreier, Justin Eric. "Hydrologic-Based Ecological Risk Assessment of Urban, Agriculture, and Coal Mining Impacts Upon Aquatic Habitat, Toxicity, and Biodiversity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28470.

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Urban, agriculture and coal mining land use/cover impacts upon aquatic habitat, toxicity and biodiversity were investigated in Leading Creek, a 388 km2 watershed in southeastern Ohio. Abandoned strip mine land (ASML) and active deep underground mines were examined along with abandoned near-surface underground mine land (AUML). The work focused on assessment of aquatic toxicity, water quality, and biodiversity through investigation of associated ecological responses for both treated and untreated AMD. Relations were examined among land use/cover, chemistry, and various ecological and toxicological endpoints. Sources of data (scale 1:24000) included Landsat5 imaging from 1988 and 1994, and directly digitized extents of underground mining activities dating to the 19th century, with more recently created strip mines. USEPA and Ohio EPA qualitative habitat scoring protocols were used. Land use/cover thresholds were established using ASML=3%, AUML=2% to 10%, Urban=3% to 5%, and Bare Soil=3%. Biodiversity was assessed using qualitative benthic macroinvertebrate taxon richness and abundance, for total and EPT groups, respectively. A better understanding of acid mine drainage (AMD) was demonstrated linking land use/cover, coal bed, sediment, and water column chemistry to aquatic ecotoxicity through examination of the origin and fate of sulfate, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Key findings in risk assessment of Leading Creek indicated that (1) abandoned near-surface underground mine lands (AUML) were associated with >90% of untreated AMD reaching Leading Creek; (2) degradation to aquatic ecology was primarily associated with water quality degradation due to AMD, not with sediment quality degradation; (3) modest habitat destruction, especially sedimentation effects, were observed for ASML>3%, and urbanization>5% in small subsheds; (4) unique chemical signatures differentiated mining techniques instream; and (5) in situ Corbicula fluminea growth rates were dependent upon drainage area. Sporadic signs of agricultural and urban impacts were indicated from acute toxicity with Ceriodaphnia dubia and chronic in situ toxicity testing with C. fluminea. Both the ecotoxicological tests were shown to be reliable indicators of AMD impact from AUML, on watershed and subwatershed scales. AMD was strongly associated with depressed biodiversity, low pH, and elevated zinc. Ecotoxicity monitoring supported interconnections found between sediment and water chemistry, land use/cover, and biodiversity.
Ph. D.

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38

SOLIMINI, CHIARA. "High resolution urban monitoring using neural network and transform algorithms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/568.

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The advent of new high spatial resolution optical satellite imagery has greatly increased our ability to monitor land cover from space. Satellite observations are carried out regularly and continuously and provide a great deal of information on land cover over large areas. High spatial resolution imagery makes it possible to overcome the “mixed-pixel” problem inherent in more moderate resolution satellite sensors. At the same time, high-resolution images present a new challenge over other satellite systems since a relatively large amount of data must be analyzed, processed, and classified in order to characterize land cover features and to produce classification maps. Actually, in spite of the great potential of remote sensing as a source of information on land cover and the long history of research devoted to the extraction of land cover information from remotely sensed imagery, many problems have been encountered, and the accuracy of land cover maps derived from remotely sensed imagery has often been viewed as too low for operational users. This study focuses on high resolution urban monitoring using Neural Network (NN) analyses for land cover classification and change detection, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) evaluations of wavenumber spectra to characterize the spatial scales of land cover features. The contributions of the present work include: classification and change detection for urban areas using NN algorithms and multi-temporal very high resolution multi-spectral images (QuickBird, Digital Globe Co.); development and implementation of neural networks apt to classify a variety of multi-spectral images of cities arbitrarily located in the world; use of different wavenumber spectra produced by two-dimensional FFTs to understand the origin of significant features in the images of different urban environments subject to the subsequent classification; optimization of the neural net topology to classify urban environments, to produce thematic maps, and to analyze the urbanization processes. This work can considered as a first step in demonstrating how NN and FFT algorithms can contribute to the development of Image Information Mining (IMM) in Earth Observation.

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Roth, Cassandra (Cassandra B. ). "Local and expert knowledge in experienced mining communities : the case of a proposed uranium mine in Crownpoint." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114333.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2007.
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-53).
Public access to science is an essential environmental justice component of any mining development. Both limited public access to professional scientific knowledge and little acknowledgment by professionals of the contributions of local knowledge hinder discussion of proposed mines. A proposed uranium mine in Crownpoint, New Mexico, a predominantly Navajo community, presents a case for studying the role of expert and local knowledge in the individual's perception of the risks and benefits associated with the mine. Interviews, supplemented with numerous Nuclear Regulatory Commission documents and other articles of the public record, were used to understand how people developed their personal understanding of the trade-offs of mining uranium in their town. This research reveals that family experiences and personal observations are correlated with individual perception of risk, but the perception of uncertainty is related the group of experts available to the individual. The results suggest that individuals in such communities should have access to a range of experts and that local knowledge and experiences should be taken into account when journalists, industry representatives and government officials translate expert knowledge for public consumption.
by Cassandra Roth.
S.B.

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40

Tang, Xi Yang John J. Goyne Keith William. "Risk and stability of phosphate-immobilized lead in contaminated urban soil and mining sites in the Jasper County Superfund Site." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4911.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 6, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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ZATTA, ELISA. "Reuse Design Project: Strategie e strumenti per il riuso di elementi edilizi in architettura come preservazione delle risorse materiali." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/302256.

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La tesi di ricerca approfondisce il tema del riuso di prodotti e componenti edilizi quale strategia circolare e sostenibile per la gestione del costruito. Essa muove dalla duplice potenzialità che tale processo presenta attraverso la conservazione delle risorse materiali, limitando gli impatti dettati dalla produzione di rifiuti da costruzione e demolizione, nonché preservando, attraverso la conservazione formale e funzionale dell’elemento nella sua integrità, la cultura materiale che lo ha prodotto. Partendo dal quadro teorico e dello stato dell’arte, la tesi si struttura attraverso quattro linee di indagine parallele e complementari, mirate a restituire la complessità del tema secondo una visione quanto più possibile trasversale. La prima definisce il contributo dei processi di riuso a una sostenibilità intesa non solo in ottica ambientale, ma anche sociale, culturale ed economica. La seconda esamina il valore conferito alla pratiche di reimpiego da parte dei progettisti contemporanei, evidenziando come essi vi individuino un significato culturale, al quale si associano ragioni di matrice ambientale, etico-sociale o di potenzialità espressiva. La terza linea di indagine approfondisce le incongruenze e lacune della cornice normativa europea relativa al tema, individuando le ricadute di questo quadro sulle problematiche pregresse del settore. La quarta esamina la potenziale applicazione di questa strategia a scala urbana, definendo il Reuse Design Project quale “processo progettuale che, a partire dalla formulazione del concept di un nuovo edificio fino alla sua costruzione, prevede, studia e compie l’integrazione nello stesso di prodotti e componenti edilizi, derivanti da altre costruzioni, che il progettista individua e ritiene adeguati al progetto”. Gli esiti della ricerca consentono di determinare l’idoneità del riuso di prodotti e componenti edilizi quale strumento sostenibile per la gestione del costruito esistente, promuovendo la potenziale diffusione futura di tale approccio. Oltre a identificare suggerimenti e azioni da intraprendere in ambito normativo per favorire il reimpiego, la tesi propone degli strumenti operativi volti a massimizzare l’efficiacia del Reuse Design Project. L’applicazione di tali strumenti, simulata su di un caso studio reale, consente non solo di esaminarne gli esiti in termini di processo progettuale, ma anche di confrontarli con quelli di uno scenario convenzionale sotto il profilo della fattibilità tecnico-economica e degli impatti incorporati. L’analisi dei risultati ottenuti evidenzia i caratteri innovativi propri dell’approccio progettuale volto al riuso di elementi edilizi, delle figure professionali coinvolte e della gestione del processo di decostruzione, nonché la formazione di tipo culturale necessaria per promuovere questa strategia nella pratica di architettura.

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Gustafsson, Marcus. "Staden som gruva : I fäders spår för framtids segrar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81765.

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Naturens mineralresurser är till viss del utnyttjade och uttömda, och framtiden är osäker och omdebatterad. Ingen vet säkert exakt hur mycket metall som finns kvar i jordskorpan, hur mycket som går att utvinna eller hur länge resurserna kommer att räcka. Samtidigt har vi byggt in rena metallådror i våra städer i form av elkablar, telekablar och fjärrvärmerör. Många av dem används givetvis, men många är också uttjänta och urkopplade, och därmed tillgängliga för återvinning.Syftet med denna studie är att klarlägga hinder, drivkrafter och möjligheter för metallåtervinning av urkopplade infrasystem i mark inom lokala el-, tele- och fjärrvärmenät i Sverige. För att uppnå detta tillfrågades Sveriges tio största ägare av underjordiska lokala elnät om bl.a. sina rutiner för urkopplade ledningar och genomförda projekt där ledningar tagits upp. Samma bolag frågades även om sina respektive fjärrvärmenät. Utöver dessa ingick telenätägaren Skanova, kommuner med anknytning till de tillfrågade nätägarna, metallåtervinningsföretag, entreprenörer och myndigheter i studien. Dessutom gjordes en litteraturstudie på området metallåtervinning.De viktigaste drivkrafterna för upptagning och återvinning av urkopplade infrasystem i mark visade sig vara ekonomi, utrymmeskonflikt i ledningsgatorna, krav i form av lagar, avtal eller egen policy, samt risk för miljöpåverkan. Alla förutom utrymmeskonflikt kan dessutom, beroende på omständigheterna, vara hinder för återvinning. En viktig möjliggörande faktor är att ledningens läge är känt och att den inte riskerar att förväxlas med andra ledningar.I dag är det vanligt att ledningar ligger kvar i marken en tid efter att de tagits ur bruk. I de fall de tas upp sker det ofta i samband med andra grävarbeten längs ledningen. Miljörisker, utrymmeskonflikter och krav kan tvinga fram upptagning av en ledning, medan ekonomi, med nuvarande metallpriser, är mer av ett hinder. Om återvinning av ledningar i mark ska bli norm krävs det att lönsamheten ökar. Detta kan ske genom ökade metallpriser, användande av alternativa metoder för upptagning, ett bredare synsätt som tar hänsyn till att återvinning kan minska behovet av primära metallresurser, eller kanske subventionering av återvunnen metall. Hårdare lagstiftning skulle kunna tvinga fram ökad återvinning, men för att alla inblandade ska vara med på det är det bättre att låta marknadskrafterna styra och att det baseras på frivillighet.Om återvinningen av infrasystem i mark ska ökas måste det göras insatser på flera nivåer. Nya metoder, som utvecklas av fristående entreprenörer, kan göra återvinning mer lönsam. Nationella mål och riktlinjer bör tas fram av Naturvårdsverket för att vägleda nätägare och markägare. Om ekonomiska styrmedel behövs måste det beslutas om av Riksdagen. Branschorganisationer och länsstyrelser kan samordna arbetet bland sina medlemmar och inom sina regioner. Markägarna måste sedan komma överens med nätägarna om vad som är lämpligt och vad som fungerar för just deras områden.
Earth’s natural mineral resources have, to some extent, already been used and depleted, and the future is both uncertain and debated. No one knows for certain exactly how much metal there is left in Earth’s crust, how much we can extract or for how long the resources are going to last. Meanwhile, we have installed ores of metal in our cities, in the form of electric cables, telecom cables and district heating pipes. Many of these are of course in use, but many have also reached end of life and been disconnected, and are thus available for recycling.The purpose of this study is to clarify barriers, drivers and enablers for metal recycling of disconnected underground infrasystems within the local electricity, telecom and district heating networks in Sweden. In order to do this, ten of Sweden’s largest owners of local underground electricity networks were asked e.g. about their routines and about projects where cables were taken up. The same companies were also asked about their district heating networks. Apart from these, the study included the telecom network owner Skanova, municipalities with connections to the ten electricity network companies, metal recycling companies, contractors and authorities. Furthermore, a literature study on metal recycling was conducted.The main drivers for taking up and recycling disconnected underground infrasystems proved to be economy, conflicts of space in the ground, rules and regulations in terms of legislations, contracts or company policies, and environmental impact risks. All of these, except for conflicts of space, could also, depending on the circumstances, be barriers for recycling. One important enabler is to know the exact position of the cables or pipes and that they don’t risk being confused with other cables or pipes.Presently, cables and pipes are commonly left in the ground for some time after they have been taken out of service. When they are eventually taken up, it is often done simultaneously with other digging operations along the cable or pipe. Environmental risks, conflicts of space and rules and regulations can force the excavation of cables and pipes, while economy, with current metal prices, is more of a barrier. If recycling of underground infrasystems is to become norm, the profitability needs to increase. This can occur through increased metal prices, use of alternative excavation methods, a wider view that takes into account that increased recycling can decrease the need for primary metal resources, or perhaps through subsidization of recycled metals. Tougher legislations could force a higher recycling rate, but in order to include all involved parts and not upset anyone, it is better to let the market drive and base it all on free will.If the recycling of underground infrasystems is to increase, efforts must be made on several different levels. New methods, developed by independent entrepreneurs, could make recycling more profitable. National goals and guidelines should be presented by the Swedish EPA, to guide and direct network owners and landlords. If financial instruments are needed, these must be decided upon by the parliament. Business associations and county administrations can coordinate the work among their members and within their regions. The landlords and the network owners must then agree on what is appropriate and applicable for their specific areas.

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Behnisch, Martin [Verfasser], and N. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kohler. "Urban Data Mining : Operationalisierung der Strukturerkennung und Strukturbildung von Ähnlichkeitsmustern über die gebaute Umwelt [mit CD] / Martin Behnisch ; Betreuer: N. Kohler." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1185225161/34.

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Wang, Ruoju. "The role of urban planning institutions in brownfield proliferation and greenfield development in China's mining cities : case studies of Liaoyuan City and Daqing City." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708303.

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PACIFICI, FABIO. "Novel neural network-based algorithms for urban classification and change detection from satellite imagery." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1239.

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L`attività umana sta cambiando radicalmente l`ecosistema ambientale, unito anche alla rapida espansione demografica dei sistemi urbani. Benche` queste aree rappresentano solo una minima frazione della Terra, il loro impatto sulla richiesta di energia, cibo, acqua e materiali primi, e` enorme. Per cui, una informazione accurata e tempestiva risulta essere essenziale per gli enti di protezione civile in caso, ad esempio, di catastrofi ambientali. Negli ultimi anni il forte sviluppo di sistemi satellitari, sia dal punto di vista della risoluzione spaziale che di quella radiometrica e temporale, ha permesso una sempre piu` accurato monitoraggio della Terra, sia con sistemi ottici che con quelli RADAR. Ad ogni modo, una piu` alta risoluzione (sia spaziale, che spettrale o temporale) presenta tanti vantaggi e miglioramenti quanti svantaggi e limitazioni. In questa tesi sono discussi in dettaglio i diversi aspetti e tecniche per la classificazione e monitoraggio dei cambiamenti di aree urbane, utilizzando sia sistemi ottici che RADAR. Particolare enfasi e` data alla teoria ed all`uso di reti neurali.
Human activity dominates the Earth's ecosystems with structural modifications. The rapid population growth over recent decades and the concentration of this population in and around urban areas have significantly impacted the environment. Although urban areas represent a small fraction of the land surface, they affect large areas due to the magnitude of the associated energy, food, water, and raw material demands. Reliable information in populated areas is essential for urban planning and strategic decision making, such as civil protection departments in cases of emergency. Remote sensing is increasingly being used as a timely and cost-effective source of information in a wide number of applications, from environment monitoring to location-aware systems. However, mapping human settlements represents one of the most challenging areas for the remote sensing community due to its high spatial and spectral diversity. From the physical composition point of view, several different materials can be used for the same man-made element (for example, building roofs can be made of clay tiles, metal, asphalt, concrete, plastic, grass or stones). On the other hand, the same material can be used for different purposes (for example, concrete can be found in paved roads or building roofs). Moreover, urban areas are often made up of materials present in the surrounding region, making them indistinguishable from the natural or agricultural areas (examples can be unpaved roads and bare soil, clay tiles and bare soil, or parks and vegetated open spaces) [1]. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in developing and launching satellites with instruments, in both the optical/infrared and microwave regions of the spectra, well suited for Earth observation with an increasingly finer spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Fine spatial sensors with metric or sub-metric resolution allow the detection of small-scale objects, such as elements of residential housing, commercial buildings, transportation systems and utilities. Multi-spectral and hyper-spectral remote sensing systems provide additional discriminative features for classes that are spectrally similar, due to their higher spectral resolution. The temporal component, integrated with the spectral and spatial dimensions, provides essential information, for example on vegetation dynamics. Moreover, the delineation of temporal homogeneous patches reduces the effect of local spatial heterogeneity that often masks larger spatial patterns. Nevertheless, higher resolution (spatial, spectral or temporal) imagery comes with limits and challenges that equal the advantages and improvements, and this is valid for both optical and synthetic aperture radar data [2]. This thesis addresses the different aspects of mapping and change detection of human settlements, discussing the main issues related to the use of optical and synthetic aperture radar data. Novel approaches and techniques are proposed and critically discussed to cope with the challenges of urban areas, including data fusion, image information mining, and active learning. The chapters are subdivided into three main parts. Part I addresses the theoretical aspects of neural networks, including their different architectures, design, and training. The proposed neural networks-based algorithms, their applications to classification and change detection problems, and the experimental results are described in Part II and Part III.

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Paffumi, Elena, Gennaro Michele De, and Giorgio Martini. "European-wide study on big data for supporting road transport policy." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73230.

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This paper presents the latest achievements of TEMA (Transport Technology and Mobility Assessment) platform, designed to harness the potential of big data to support road transport policies in Europe. The platform relies on datasets of real world driving and mobility patterns collected by means of navigation systems and it is developed by the EC Joint Research Centre since 2012. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of the platform in assessing real world emissions from conventional fuel vehicles and exploring the impact of the deployment of electrified vehicles in terms of usability, technology potential, energy requirements and infrastructural design. These last studies have been carried out on two pilot regions, i.e. the Italian provinces of Modena and Florence, whilst this article presents the earliest results achieved enlarging the study to a European-wide scale. To this purpose, results from additional fourteen new regions are presented, i.e. Amsterdam (NL), Brussels (BE), Luxembourg (LU), Paris (FR), Lisbon (PT), Krefeld (DE), Warsaw (PL), Bratislava (SK), Vienna (AT), Ljubljana (SI), Zagreb (HR), Budapest (HU), Sofia (BG), Athens (GR). The complete dataset accounts for approximately 2.57 billion records, 139 million driven kilometres and 632,186 monitored vehicles, being one among the most extensive driving datasets ever processed for policy support studies. This work constitutes the first attempt for initiating a continental scale study of driving behaviour in Europe, with the aim of showing how the proposed approach allows for unprecedented opportunities to shape the future of road transport.

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Ljubenkov, Davor. "Optimizing Bike Sharing System Flows using Graph Mining, Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-257783.

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A Bicycle-sharing system (BSS) is a popular service scheme deployed in cities of different sizes around the world. Although docked bike systems are its most popular model used, it still experiences a number of weaknesses that could be optimized by investigating bike sharing network properties and evolution of obtained patterns.Efficiently keeping bicycle-sharing system as balanced as possible is the main problem and thus, predicting or minimizing the manual transportation of bikes across the city is the prime objective in order to save logistic costs for operating companies.The purpose of this thesis is two-fold; Firstly, it is to visualize bike flow using data exploration methods and statistical analysis to better understand mobility characteristics with respect to distance, duration, time of the day, spatial distribution, weather circumstances, and other attributes. Secondly, by obtaining flow visualizations, it is possible to focus on specific directed sub-graphs containing only those pairs of stations whose mutual flow difference is the most asymmetric. By doing so, we are able to use graph mining and machine learning techniques on these unbalanced stations.Identification of spatial structures and their structural change can be captured using Convolutional neural network (CNN) that takes adjacency matrix snapshots of unbalanced sub-graphs. A generated structure from the previous method is then used in the Long short-term memory artificial recurrent neural network (RNN LSTM) in order to find and predict its dynamic patterns.As a result, we are predicting bike flows for each node in the possible future sub-graph configuration, which in turn informs bicycle-sharing system owners in advance to plan accordingly. This combination of methods notifies them which prospective areas they should focus on more and how many bike relocation phases are to be expected. Methods are evaluated using Cross validation (CV), Root mean square error (RMSE) and Mean average error (MAE) metrics. Benefits are identified both for urban city planning and for bike sharing companies by saving time and minimizing their cost.
Lånecykel avser ett system för uthyrning eller utlåning av cyklar. Systemet används främst i större städer och bekostas huvudsakligen genom tecknande av ett abonnemang.Effektivt hålla cykel andelssystem som balanseras som möjligt huvud problemand därmed förutsäga eller minimera manuell transport av cyklar över staden isthe främsta mål för att spara logistikkostnaderna för drift companies.Syftet med denna avhandling är tvåfaldigt.För det första är det att visualisera cykelflödet med hjälp av datautforskningsmetoder och statistisk analys för att bättre förstå rörlighetskarakteristika med avseende på avstånd, varaktighet, tid på dagen, rumsfördelning, väderförhållanden och andra attribut.För det andra är det vid möjliga flödesvisualiseringar möjligt att fokusera på specifika riktade grafer som endast innehåller de par eller stationer vars ömsesidiga flödesskillnad är den mest asymmetriska.Genom att göra det kan vi anvnda grafmining och maskininlärningsteknik på dessa obalanserade stationer, och använda konjunktionsnurala nätverk (CNN) som tar adjacency matrix snapshots eller obalanserade subgrafer.En genererad struktur från den tidigare metoden används i det långa kortvariga minnet artificiella återkommande neurala nätverket (RNN LSTM) för att hitta och förutsäga dess dynamiska mönster.Som ett resultat förutsäger vi cykelflden för varje nod i den eventuella framtida underkonfigurationen, vilket i sin tur informerar cykeldelningsägare om att planera i enlighet med detta.Denna kombination av metoder meddelar dem vilka framtida områden som bör inriktas på mer och hur många cykelflyttningsfaser som kan förväntas.Metoder utvärderas med hjälp av cross validation (CV), Root mean square error (RMSE) och Mean average error (MAE) metrics.Fördelar identifieras både för stadsplanering och för cykeldelningsföretag genom att spara tid och minimera kostnaderna.

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Sadan, Zaynab. "Exploring the potential for local end-processing of e-waste in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30974.

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E-waste is one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the world, and South Africa (SA) is no exception. This is driven by increased consumer demand and access to electrical and electronic equipment, in addition to perceived equipment obsolescence, and rapid advancements in technology. E-waste recycling presents an opportunity in providing a source of secondary resources such as metals, plastics and glass, as well as employment and economic opportunities in both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, the diversion of this waste stream from landfills or dumps prevents additional land use and the potential negative impacts on human health and the environment. E-waste collection and upgrading is a relatively small-scale but growing industry in SA. Only 12% of e-waste generated was estimated to be recycled in 2015. Most of SA’s ewaste volumes are inaccessible due to lack of formal take-back schemes, lack of consumer awareness, as well as e-waste being kept in storage or disposed of in landfills. E-waste recyclers in SA generally carry out collection, dismantling and sorting, refurbishing, as well as pre-processing of value fractions. There is currently limited local end-processing capacity, therefore partially upgraded value fractions are prepared for export, while non-viable fractions are stockpiled or disposed of in local landfills. The business case for local end-processing of e-waste value fractions, particularly metals, does not seem feasible due to the inconsistent and insufficient volumes available. Furthermore, SA faces unique socio-economic challenges such as an unregulated yet well-established informal sector. Additionally, the legal framework presents many inhibitors for e-waste recyclers. This research study builds upon the knowledge that there is a limited understanding of the feasibility of existing e-waste end-processing technologies for implementation in the South African socio-economic and legislative context. Therefore, this research intends to find out what are the key barriers and enablers to implementing e-waste end-processing technologies in SA. Qualitative research methods were used to uncover the current challenges faced by local recyclers and other stakeholders in the value chain. The data collection thus took the form of interviews, site visits and desktop research. The findings show that the e-waste recycling industry in SA is undergoing many new developments in terms of research and investment interest, as well as the anticipated outcomes from the recent submissions of Industry Waste Management Plans (IndWMP). The industry shows potential as an emerging secondary resource economy, however, the extent to which it will mature is dependent on the organisation of its collection network as well as the development of local end-processing and manufacturing capacity. The collection network and infrastructure are currently supported by both informal and formal recyclers who provide a diversity of collection strategies and a wide network of ewaste sources. However, efforts to increase recycling rates by accessing volumes in storage and increasing consumer awareness and engagement is necessary. Besides the economies of scale required to support the development of local end-processing, alternative technologies to large-scale smelting should be considered for the SA context. While this is seen through initiatives by SA Precious Metals, end-processing technologies is still inaccessible to small and medium recyclers due to cash flow issues as well as cherry-picking of high-grade materials. Therefore, recyclers require further support in terms of dealing with non-viable fractions. This includes research and investments into technologies and business models for the recycling of low-value materials including plastics, as well as subsidies for the cost of safe disposal or treatment of these fractions. Additionally, acquisition of product markets and an increase in manufacturing capacity is necessary to accelerate industry development. The legislative framework also poses limitations on recyclers in the e-waste value chain, stemming from the legal definition of e-waste as a liability as opposed to a resource. While the legislation is unlikely to change, provisions to relieve any legal barriers should be implemented. This includes permissions for pilot projects to test new technologies, as well as legal support for smaller recyclers in the form of consultancy as well as guidelines for sustainable waste management practices should be provided. Finally, while there are many challenges present in the e-waste recycling industry today, the IndWMP offers an opportunity for collaboration between key stakeholders, including the relevant government bodies. Plans have been submitted and the outcomes of approved plans will be revealed at the beginning of 2019. The plans offer solutions for recycling subsidies, increasing the collection and recycling rates, as well as investment into technology, research and enterprise development. However, successful implementation of these plans will only occur if integration and collaboration of the local e-waste community prevail over greed and the struggle for power.

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Yoshida, Tatiana Pagotto. "Percepção ambiental e mineração na area urbana de Jaguariuna, SP." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286932.

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Orientador: Marcos Cesar Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T07:36:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yoshida_TatianaPagotto_M.pdf: 58015263 bytes, checksum: 96f52176baf6c36a5d7b8104991ed1fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A mineração constitui-se em importante indústria para países em desenvolvimento. Os minerais utilizados na indústria da construção civil, tais como a pedra britada, destacam-se por sua grande demanda, devido à crescente urbanização. No entanto, a coexistência desse tipo de mineração com os meios social, físico e biótico não tem sido pacífica, pois se situam geralmente nas proximidades dos centros urbanos, por causa do baixo valor agregado desse tipo de matéria prima. Nesses locais, muitas vezes, residem comunidades preocupadas com a poluição gerada por esse tipo de atividade. Com isso, a disponibilidade de jazidas nos centros urbanos está reduzindo, principalmente pela falta de planejamento no crescimento das cidades, competição com usos do solo e maiores exigências ambientais. No município de Jaguariúna, SP, ocorre um conflito entre uma pedreira de rochas para brita, um bairro residencial vizinho e instituições públicas. Os moradores desse loteamento incomodam-se com a atividade do empreendimento, apesar de hoje em dia operar adequadamente e buscar se enquadrar na legislação ambiental. Utilizando teorias da percepção ambiental e um modelo conceitual que permite a análise integrada entre os sistemas ecológicos e sociais, para compreender a interação desses em ambiente urbano, o conflito foi estudado, verificando como a população do bairro percebe o empreendimento, os impactos gerados por ele e a atuação das autoridades competentes com relação à problemática. Verificou-se que a população possui preconceito com relação à atividade minerária, pelo histórico de má operação da pedreira e também pela falta de envolvimento desta com comunidade. Além disso, verificou-se que os habitantes possuem julgamentos errôneos relacionados aos impactos provocados pela pedreira, revelando falta de informação sobre a atividade de extração de rocha para brita. Outro fato importante foi a observação de que a população é muito pouco informada sobre que órgãos ambientais recorrer para reclamar contra o empreendimento, já que a maior parte das reclamações foi ou seria dirigida à prefeitura municipal e não à CETESB. Por fim, após a identificação de todos os atores envolvidos na problemática e de suas parcelas de responsabilidade no conflito, o modelo conceitual foi aplicado para uma melhor identificação de como as variáveis interagem entre si, possibilitando visualizar mais claramente soluções e propostas de ação por parte desses atores envolvidos
Abstract: Mining is an important industry for developing countries. Minerals used in the construction industry, such as crushed rock, stand out because of their great demand, due to the increasing urbanization. Nevertheless, the coexistence of this kind of mining with the social, physical and biological media has not been peaceful, as they are generally located in the neighbourhood of urban centres, due to their low aggregate value. In these locations, there are frequently communities worried about the pollution generated. Therefore, the availability of mineral deposits in urban centres is reducing, due mainly to the lack of planning of the urban growth, competition with other uses land uses and greater environmental requirements. In Jaguariúna, SP, there is a conflict among a quarry, a residential neighbourhood and public institutions. Inhabitants of this neighbourhood are disturbed by the company's activities, despite the fact that the quarry is trying to operate adequately and to adjust itself to the environmental laws. Using theories of environmental perception and a conceptual model that allows an integrate analysis of the social and ecological systems, to comprehend their interaction in the urban environment, the conflict was studied by verifying how the surrounding population perceives the company, its impacts and the attitudes of the authorities towards the problem. It was found that the population has preconception in relation to the mining activity, originated by the past of wrong operation of the quarry and by the lack of its involvement with the community. Apart from that, it was checked that the inhabitants have erroneous judgements related to the impacts provoked by the quarry, which reveals a lack of information about the activity of crushed rock extraction. Another important fact was the observation that people are poorly informed about which environmental public institutions they should contact to complain about the company, as the majority of the complaints was or would be directed to the city hall, not to CETESB. At last, after pointing out the actors involved in the problem and their responsibilities, the conceptual model was applied, for a better identification of how the variables interact between each other, allowing a clearer visualization of the solutions and proposals of actions for these actors
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia

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Hedermo, Viktor. "Kollektiv identitet och bevarandestrategier i Malmberget : En studie om samhällsomvandlingen i Gällivare kommun." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-155368.

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Focusing on the town of Malmberget in northern Sweden, this study addresses the relationship between place, identity formation and social transformation among mining communities. Due to an expanding mining area, the town is being gradually demolished and remaining inhabitants will eventually have to be relocated. Concurrently, urban expansion plans are underway in the neighboring town of Gällivare. The aim of the study is to examine whether and how collective forms of identity are constructed in relation to Malmberget as place. What are the main values underlying such collective identity and are they being taken into considerations in the expansion plans? The study also examines if and how any attempts to preservation have been made in response to the demolition and redevelopment. The study is primarily based on interviews with inhabitants of Malmberget. It also draws on qualitative content analysis of documents on the expansions plans. As the study focuses on notions of place and collective identity, in its theoretical framework Lefebvre’s spatial triad is combined with a phenomenological approach of place and Jenkins’ conceptualisation of collective identity. The findings suggest that there exists a collective ‘Malmberget identity’ consisting of certain values connected to place relations and community history. Some aspects of these values have implicitly been taken into considerations in the expansion plans in Gällivare, but far from all of them. The study also shows how interviewees have enacted preservation strategies as a way to cope with the urban transformation and to protect their shared collective identity.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban Mining'

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