Journal articles: 'Urban operation'

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Li, Qiong, Peng rui Bai, Yang Chen, Xiao Wei, and Jinjun Tang. "Efficiency Evaluation of Bus Transport Operations Given Exogenous Environmental Factors." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899782.

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As a mode of green transport that can effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion and improve air quality, bus transport is highly subsidized by governments at all levels in China. Thus, measuring efficiency in the bus transport sector is particularly important. However, few reports in the literature have taken exogenous environmental factors into consideration to evaluate public transport operation efficiency. This may lead to inaccurate evaluation results. This study employs the three-stage DEA model, which can eliminate the impacts of exogenous environmental factors on public bus transport operation to gain real efficiency results. Meanwhile, to further explore how exogenous environmental factors affect bus transport operations, a tobit model is used to analyse the results. The main results of this paper reveal the following: first, exogenous environmental factors have a significant impact on the operational efficiency of bus transport. It is reasonable and necessary to select the three-stage method to eliminate environmental factors for real bus operation efficiency. Second, the fluctuations of the bus transport efficiency of 30 cities decreased during 2010–2016. The western region has the highest operation efficiency, followed by the eastern and the middle regions. Third, the economic, taxi transport, and urban rail transport have a marked impact on the operational efficiency of bus transport. This paper confirms the important influence of exogenous environmental factors on the efficiency of public transport operations. In addition, this article could help improve the efficiency of urban public transport operations and promote the attractiveness of urban public transport and the amount of green travel.

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Lee, Eui Hoon, Young Hwan Choi, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Real-Time Integrated Operation for Urban Streams with Centralized and Decentralized Reservoirs to Improve System Resilience." Water 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010069.

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Recently, the number of extreme rainfall events has increased because of climate change. The ever-widening impervious area in urban watersheds also continuously augments runoff volume. Most measures to prevent urban inundation are structural, such as the construction, rehabilitation, and replacement of urban drainage facilities. Because structural measures require time and money, nonstructural measures are also required for the efficient prevention of urban inundation. Current operations in Korea focus on the individual operation of urban drainage facilities while neglecting the status of effluent streams. A study on urban drainage facilities that considers the status of urban streams is necessary to improve the operation of drainage facilities in urban areas. A revised resilience index is suggested to evaluate measures. For the historical rainfall event in 2010, the system resilience for current and integrated operations was 0.199 and 0.238, respectively. For the 2011 event, the system resilience for current and integrated operations was 0.064 and 0.235, respectively. The integrated operation exhibited good performance for the 2010 and 2011 events. Based on the results of this study, an operation as a nonstructural measure for the total management of urban areas is proposed. The revised resilience index could support decision-making processes for flood-management plans.

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Powell, James, Gordon Danby, John Morena, Thomas Wagner, and Charles Smith. "MAGLEV 2000 Urban Transit System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1838, no. 1 (January 2003): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1838-08.

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The MAGLEV 2000 (M2000) of Florida Corporation has designed magnetic levitation (maglev) and propulsion technology for high-speed intercity transportation systems capable of operating at speeds in excess of 300 mph. This high-speed technology can be adapted for slower-speed urban transit operations with operating speeds of 30 to 120 mph. M2000 preliminary baseline urban transit designs and essential criteria for a maglev technology to operate safely and efficiently in an urban transit environment are discussed. M2000 uses superconducting magnets on the vehicle, interacting with aluminum coils in the guideway for levitation, stability, and propulsion. The coils are completely encapsulated in polymer concrete panels, which are attached to the sides of a narrow-beam guideway. The vehicle straddles the beam with a 6-in.gap between the guideway surface and vehicle. Propulsion is provided through the linear synchronous motor coils and powered by alternating electrical current. The large clearance between vehicles and guideway with the superconducting M2000 magnet system ensures low-cost guideway construction because of more leeway with construction tolerances. These large clearances allow system operations under snow and ice conditions. The magnetic switch also allows for efficient off-line stations and permits increased train frequencies and operation of express trains without delays from locally stopping trains. Most of the components for a M2000 operating system have been constructed. A review is presented of manufacturing techniques, operating requirements, and performance results for a maglev transit project.

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Endel, Stanislav, Eva Wernerová, and František Kuda. "Decisive Factors of Contemporary Urban Economy." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2016-0010.

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Abstract Urban economy is a field which is currently not too reflected among the professional public. However, it is a significant criterion for the planning of future urban development. The representatives of each domicile should be interested in what resources are invested into the development and operation of their municipality. Suitably applied tools and regulations can control urban development and the overall financial operation of a town, and make operations more efficient. This article tries to point out the main factors which presently substantially negatively impact the overall urban economy of municipalities.

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Lee. "Advanced Operating Technique for Centralized and Decentralized Reservoirs Based on Flood Forecasting to Increase System Resilience in Urban Watersheds." Water 11, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081533.

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The frequency of inundation in urban watersheds has increased, and structural measures have been conducted to prevent flood damage. The current non-structural measures for complementing structural measures are mostly independent non-structural measures. Unlike the current non-structural measures, the new operating technique based on flood forecasting is a real-time mixed measure, which means the combination of different non-structural measures. Artificial rainfall events based on the Huff distribution were used to generate preliminary and dangerous thresholds of flood forecasting. The new operation for centralized and decentralized reservoirs was conducted by two thresholds. The new operation showed good performance in terms of flooding and resilience based on historical rainfall events in 2010 and 2011. The flooding volume in the new operation decreased from 6617 to 3368 m3 compared to the current operation in 2010, and the flooding volume in 2011 decreased from 664 to 490 m3. In the 2010 event, the results of resilience were 0.831835 and 0.866566 in current and new operations, respectively. The result of resilience increased from 0.988823 to 0.993029 in the 2011 event. This suggestion can be applied to operating facilities in urban drainage systems and might provide a standard for the design process of urban drainage facilities.

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Cai, Chang Jun, Lei Shan Zhou, and Yong Feng Shang. "Research on the Last Train Connection in the Urban Mass Transit System." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3334.

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With the urban rail transit becoming more and more networked, determining the departure time of last trains has been an important part for the urban rail transit network operations organization. First analyze two aspects of passengers and vehicles to determine reasonable time intervals of last trains, then analyze last train departure time optimization, minimizing the total loss in the transfer station as the objective to build the mathematical model, by adding and shifting line at the transfer station to reduce the connection direction loss, an auxiliary line being added or not according to the operating time so as to determine the final operation result. Finally, use the Beijing subway to verify and the result shows that the method has practical significance for the improvement of urban rail transit operation organization.

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Marsalek, J., T. O. Barnwell, W. Geiger, M. Grottker, W. C. Huber, A. J. Saul, W. Schilling, and H. C. Torno. "Urban Drainage Systems: Design and Operation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 12 (June 1, 1993): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0291.

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Design and operation of urban drainage systems are addressed in the context of the urban water system comprising drainage, sewage treatment plants and receiving waters. The planning and design of storm sewers are reviewed with reference to planning objectives, design objectives, flows and pollutant loads, sewer system structures and urban runoff control and treatment. The discussion of combined sewers focuses on hydraulic design of combined sewer systems, including combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures, and the use of CSO structures and storage in control of CSOs. The section on operation of sewer systems focuses on real time control, its feasibility, planning, design, operation and applications. Sewer system planning and design are generally conducted using computer modelling tools and procedures which are reviewed in the last section. A brief listing of selected models focuses on internationally used models. Finally, it was concluded that further improvements in environmental and ecological protection of urban waters is feasible only by consideration of urban drainage systems in conjunctions with sewage treatment and water quality in the receiving waters.

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Li, Jia Yang, Xiu Ming Chen, and Zhi Hua Liu. "A New Decision Support Methodology for Subway Operation Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1729.

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Subway is usually one of the largest infrastructure in the city, is also the arteries of urban passenger transportation, and urban lifeline. The subway operation safety problem has become the primary problem in metro operation. This paper presents a new method for decision support operational risk evaluation of subway. This new method not only can evaluate the subway operation safety, but also can be safety in subway operation management in weak links, to ensure the subway operation safety.

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Jones, Elizabeth G., and Matthew J. Selinger. "Comparison of Operations of Single-Point and Tight Urban Diamond Interchanges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1847, no. 1 (January 2003): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1847-04.

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Single-point urban interchanges (SPUIs) and tight urban diamond interchanges (TUDIs) are alternatives typically considered in locations where roadway right-of-way is constrained. The body of research comparing these two interchange types is limited, and operational comparisons are varied in their findings. It is believed that the traffic operation performance of these two interchange types does not differ significantly, which makes it challenging for transportation practitioners to select a preferred interchange type for a specific location. The operations of the geometrically similar SPUIs and TUDIs were compared using microscopic simulation analysis for a wide range of volume conditions. The analysis was conducted with CORSIM using optimum signal phasing and timing for both interchange types. Three specific test volume cases and five varying volume levels were developed for both interchange types to evaluate the interchanges over a range of capacity conditions. The 30 cases were analyzed using microscopic simulation, and results were summarized to compare the two interchange types. The findings show that for the geometric and volume conditions tested, the SPUI provides greater traffic operation performance than the TUDI. Over the range of tests, the SPUI provided higher average travel speeds, fewer phase failures, a lower percentage of stops, and a considerably higher capability to serve traffic. The results typically show that the TUDI will reach capacity conditions when the SPUI is operating at average conditions.

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Su, Shuai, Tao Tang, Jing Xun, Yihui Wang, and Fang Cao. "2P24 Energy-efficient train operation for urban rail transit systems(Shotgun Session)." Proceedings of International Symposium on Seed-up and Service Technology for Railway and Maglev Systems : STECH 2015 (2015): _2P24–1_—_2P24–9_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmestech.2015._2p24-1_.

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Lychov, D. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF URBAN ELECTRIC TRANSPORT USING SADT METHODOLOGY." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-191-195.

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The issue of increasing the efficiency of urban electric transport through the introduction of CASE-technologies based on SADT-methodology is considered. The performance of the system analysis of the operation of urban electric transport is given. The system of urban electric transport is considered not as an isolated system that solves only its problems - making a profit, but in connection with the problems of the city, the population that uses transport services, enterprises that employ people who transport. The proposed methodology will allow to create a computer functional model of operation of electric vehicles in the IDEF0 format using the software package BPWin. It is shown that the operation of transport is a complex process consisting of three subsystems: operation management, commercial and technical operation. Each of these subsystems has its own functional tasks, which require appropriate resources. Therefore, to ensure resource conservation in the operation of rolling stock, the following levels of development are presented and considered: the city transport system, urban electric transport enterprises, technological processes of passenger transportation, maintenance, maintenance and repair of facilities and equipment. Also operation of city electric transport includes maintenance of vehicles in depot. This article describes the features of the impact of the rolling stock of urban electric transport on energy consumption, taking into account the influence of factors such as passenger cabin occupancy, mileage of the mobile unit when operating on the routes of large cities, operating speed. A new methodology for evaluating the work of a city electric transport company is presented, which allows to combine several different, economically independent enterprises into one functional model. It is shown that the use of the proposed model will make it possible to create a system of accounting for electricity consumption by different types of urban electric transport.

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Ma, Hongchao, and Chongyan Yi. "Operating Mechanism of Transformation and Upgrading of Urban Planning Based on Game Theory." Open House International 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0010.

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Based on the new requirements of the rapid development of the national urbanization, planning adaptability and dynamic variability in the process of urban planning should be improved, which will become the focus of planning and design. Therefore, in this paper, the operating mechanism of transformation and upgrading of urban planning based on game theory was proposed. Firstly, the concept and development background of urban planning and operation were expounded, and the game theory was used to analyze the operating mechanism of urban planning; then, the formulation of urban planning based on the operation concept of urban planning was analyzed from the aspects of urban planning system, the overall development principle, the overall plan and the detailed planning; in addition, by taking the planning and design of the upgrading of a city as an example, the planning of blocks, urban parks and buildings and so on was achieved.

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Zhou, Shenghan, Houxiang Liu, Bo Wang, Bang Chen, Yuliang Zhou, and Wenbing Chang. "Public Norms in the Operation Scheme of Urban Rail Transit Express Trains: The Case of the Beijing Changping Line." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137187.

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The development of urban rail transit is of great significance to the sustainable development of cities. However, the formulation of public norms of the urban rail transit train operation scheme lacks the corresponding theoretical support, rationality and scientificity. Therefore, based on the research on passenger flow conditions, this paper establishes an optimization model of express train operation and uses a heuristic genetic algorithm to solve it. In addition, this paper takes the Beijing Changping Line as an example to conduct empirical research. Results show that the optimization model established reduces the operation cost of operating enterprises, improves the capacity of urban rail transit, reduces travel time and maintains the full load rate of trains at a more comfortable level. This will improve the attractiveness of urban rail transit and promote benign interaction between operators and passengers. It will also provide a theoretical basis for formulating public norms of transit train operation, make it more scientific and reasonable and promote the development of urban rail transit.

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Arndt, Michael, Thomas Gawron, and Petra Jahnke. "Regional Policy through Co-operation: From Urban Forum to Urban Network." Urban Studies 37, no. 11 (October 2000): 1903–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980050162157.

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Kupiec, Jerzy, Zbigniew Pikosz, and Grzegorz Ślaski. "Parameters of the car's brakes work in real operation condition." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.441.

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The article presents the results of measurements and statistical analysis of the variables characterizing the braking process and the work of the car's braking system in diversified operating conditions. The introductory part presents a measuring system that allows measurements of brake system operation parameters during operation. Discussed are the methodology for measuring and determining such values as the temperature of the discs, unit pressures and the slip speed at the contact of the disc and brake pad, braking pressure, vehicle speed and its longitudinal acceleration. Operational working conditions included urban driving, extra-urban and motorway driving. Based on the measurements made, histograms of measured values were developed. On the basis of the obtained results, typical temperature gains during a single braking in individual conditions were determined and the course of temperature changes during cooling of the brake discs was analyzed. The ranges of typical values of the tested parameters for individual operating conditions were generalized and compared with the values characteristic for emergency braking, which can be considered as maximum values.

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Dadar, Sara, Bojan Đurin, Ebrahim Alamatian, and Lucija Plantak. "Impact of the Pumping Regime on Electricity Cost Savings in Urban Water Supply System." Water 13, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091141.

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The main purpose of the presented research is to raise the efficiency of pumping stations’ operational work by developing a model for reducing energy costs in urban water supply systems. Pumping systems are responsible for a significant portion of the total electrical energy use. Significant opportunities exist to reduce the pumping energy through smart design, retrofitting, and operating practices. Today, considering the increase in pumping energy prices in water conveyance systems, the problem of optimal operation of pumping stations is very actual. The optimal operation of pumping stations was determined using a Genetic Algorithm Optimization (GAO) to achieve the minimum energy cost. The paper presents a novel management model for the optimal design and operation of water pumping systems on a real case study for the town of Gonabad in Iran. To achieve this goal, three days in a year were selected randomly. The results indicate that the proposed mode in conjunction with a GAO is a versatile management model for the design and operation of the real pumping station. Modeling results show that optimization with a GAO reduces power consumption by about 15–20%.

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Shang, Bin, and Xiaoning Zhang. "Study of Urban Rail Transit Operation Costs." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 96 (November 2013): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.066.

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Koehler, Mark, Frank Baader, and Peter Brandstätt. "Noise prediction for urban air taxi operation." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 2984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2278.

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Solutions to escape crowded streets are increasingly taking up new forms of mobility. This also includes air taxis or VTOLs. In addition to passenger traffic, suggestions, such as parcel delivery by drones, are also regularly part of future visions. Air taxis pose additional safety requirements due to the transport of people and they also represent a major potential source of noise. A challenge that urban planners, pollution control officers and decision-makers have to face. Using the concrete example of an urban landing place for air taxis at the main train station in the city of Ingolstadt, possible problems, issues related to noise protection and their legal basis were examined. This presentation is a summary of the projects results. The examinations include the creation of noise mapping in order to simulate the impact to the already existing noise situation. Those were based on current flight noise regulations with necessary alterations regarding VTOLs. Because air taxi noise is expected to be more annoying than regular traffic noise, the possible application of flight noise indexes such as the "Frankfurt flight noise index FFI 2.0" shall be reviewed. Based on the results of the previous examinations, possible noise protection measures shall be developed.

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Weng, Jian Cheng, Wen Jie Zou, and Jian Rong. "Influence Models of Urban Road Network Operation Performance Base on Spatial Autocorrelation Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1922.

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In order to better identify the spatial influence between adjacent parts of road networks, the paper introduces the spatial autocorrelation theory in evaluating the operation performance of urban road networks. The research proposes several spatial correlation validation indicators to verify the spatial characteristics among the road networks. Based on the analysis of spatial characteristics, the relationship between operation performance and influencing factors under the impact of spatial effect is examined. Furthermore, a spatial autocorrelation based influence models at three traffic flow levels is developed by using the data from a partial urban road network in Beijing. The model analysis shows that the spatial autocorrelation model is more effective in analyzing the urban road network operation performance under the influence of various factors. This model will be beneficial in identifying traffic network problems and improving traffic operations of the urban road network.

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Choo, Yeon Moon, Do Guen Yoo, Seung Yub Lee, O. Sung Lim, Jin Gul Joo, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Smart Operation Rule Development of Urban Pump Station Predicting and Operating System." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2017.17.2.39.

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Cieślik, Wojciech, Ireneusz Pielecha, and Andrzej Szałek. "Assessment of parameters of the hybrid drive system in vehicles in urban traffic conditions." Combustion Engines 161, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116887.

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Continuously increasing share of the hybrid and electric vehicles in the global automotive market justifies the need for detailed analysis of the operational effectiveness of these drive systems. The aim of the study was to assess the operational conditions of the combustion engines and electric motors in hybrid drive systems – full hybrid – of the motor vehicles in urban traffic conditions. Variety of designs of such drive systems is related to the high voltage batteries used and the way of charging them. The road tests were conducted in Warsaw (urban traffic conditions) by recording the operational parameters of three vehicles and their driving systems. The conditions of operation of the combustion engine and electric motors along with the values of their high voltage battery charge level were related to the test routes. The analysis of the relative shares of engine and motor operation time in the total time of vehicle operation in urban traffic conditions was conducted. The scope of operation of the hybrid drive system utilizing only electric propulsion system was determined. The relations between the operational indexes of the hybrid propulsion (combustion engine and electric motor) in real traffic conditions and the charge level of batteries, current speeds and accelerations were shown.

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Mo, Pengli, Lixing Yang, and Ziyou Gao. "Energy-Efficient Train Operation Strategy with Speed Profiles Selection for an Urban Metro Line." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836984.

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In the daily operations of a metro system, physical trains track the speed profiles which are embedded in the automatic train operation (ATO) system, and the speed profile plays a key role in determining both energy consumption and travel time. With consideration of the real-world operational environment and uncertain levels of passenger demand, this study specifically proposes an integer programming model with respect to energy consumption to generate a robust operational strategy which determines the speed profile choice on each segment. Because of the computational complexity of the proposed model, a heuristic algorithm is designed, which combines a genetic algorithm (GA) and a nomadic algorithm (NA), to find a good solution in acceptable computational time. Finally, numerical experiments based on the Beijing Yizhuang metro line are implemented to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach.

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Liu, Peng. "A Modal for Operation Coordination among Regional Rail Transit, Urban Metro and Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1970.

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In order to achieve joint operation among regional rail transit, urban rail transit and major bus lines, a joint operation coordination model was set up to optimize the joint operation, based on the analysis to the operation rules and cost of three mode of transit and passenger's travel cost. Thereafter, the standard genetic algorithm was used to test the application of this model with an example. And test results show that: the total cost and operating cost of joint operation system and passengers' waiting cost and transfer cost in the peak hour or in the flat peak hour are lower in the coordination state than in the non-coordination state; and passengers' travel cost are reduced more significantly than operation cost of joint coordination system. This can significantly increase passengers' satisfaction and it is very favorable to the operators' long-term operation and intelligent control.

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Pérez-delHoyo, Raquel, María Dolores Andújar-Montoya, Higinio Mora, and Virgilio Gilart-Iglesias. "Unexpected consequences in the operation of urban environments." Kybernetes 48, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2018-0096.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the unexpected consequences in the operation of urban environments. Prediction within the urban planning process often presents difficulties and unintended consequences. It is not enough to develop a good project. Unexpected consequences are possible because of the environment. The authors argue that these problems of uncertainty can be minimized with citizen participation and the use of new technologies. Design/methodology/approach The problem of how urban planning initiatives result in unexpected consequences is described. These effects are determined by studying a series of cities and real urban environments. A case study on urban accessibility is developed for a better understanding of the problem. Findings Avoiding unexpected consequences in the operation of urban environments is strongly linked to the concept of Smart City 3.0. This concept is based on the co-creation. In this line to address the problem, a citizen-centric methodology using the latest information and communications technologies and internet of things technologies is presented. As a practical application, different categories of unexpected events related to the Faculty of Education building at the University of Alicante have been identified as a consequence of the impact of its environment. An uncomfortable or non-accessible environment causes unforeseen behaviour of individuals. Originality/value There are no analytical tools to investigate how aspects of the urban environment cause uncertainty about the acceptance of projects by future citizen users. This work takes a step forward in that direction.

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Neto, Paulo, and Tomás Moreira. "Urban policy in Brazil: Mismatches in the social management of land appreciation." Spatium, no. 28 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1228001n.

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In Brazil, there is a clear strengthening of debates about the instruments of City Statute, which are discussed under the light of social management of land appreciation. Their degree of effectiveness, their low popular participation and their use to legitimize policies engendered by particular interests are usually questioned. This paper investigates the capacity of Joint Urban Operations as a instrument for surplus land value recovery. Starting from a study on Faria Lima Urban Operation, limitations and opportunities of Linha Verde Urban Operation (Curitiba-PR), which is being implemented, is prospectively discussed. Analysis performed came up with observations that were, at the same time, complementary and contradictory. On one hand, it is necessary to recognize urban operation?s potential as an instrument able to leverage urban transformation, dividing costs of public action among other stakeholders. On the other hand, however, its low efficiency - from the perspective of social management of land appreciation - is clear, and shows a lack of mechanisms that could ensure a minimal addressing of the funds for constructions of public interest.

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Lin, Chuan, and Jingjing Luo. "Financial Environment, City Distance and International Operation of Chinese Enterprises." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 6 (August 21, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n6p61.

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This paper uses the 9741 internationally-operated Chinese companies and their matched companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares as a sample to empirically examine the relationship between financial environment, distance and international operation. First of all, the study found that there is a significant positive correlation between the financial environment and the international operation of the company. In other words, the better the financial environment in which the company is located, the more likely it is that the company will conduct international operations. Second, there is also a significant positive correlation between distances and international operations, which means that the closer the geographical location of the registered place of a company and the central city of the province, the more likely it is that the enterprises within the jurisdiction are operating internationally. Furthermore, the urban distance can produce a ‘regulatory effect’ between the financial environment and the international operation of the enterprise. That is the positive correlation between the financial environment and the international operation of the enterprise depends on the ‘city distance’. Considering the influence of ‘city distance’, the positive impact of the financial environment on international operations is even more pronounced.

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GRABOWSKI, Łukasz, Paweł KARPIŃSKI, and Damian RUDZIK. "Study on operating load of the compression ignition engine." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-127.

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Operation of car engines definitely shows varied values of parameters such as crankshaft speed or load. This paper presents the research and results on load and crankshaft speed in a compression ignition engine. Therefore, the research focused on an operation of a passenger car under urban and non-urban conditions. Our NI Diadem Analysis-based research referred to the data acquired by an OBD-II system. The results obtained enabled some layered charts to depict a frequency of operating states as specified by engine load and speed as well as histograms of these parameters in individual rides. Our investigation showed that operating conditions have an impact on engine operating states. In urban conditions, our engine operated within the range of 700-2000 rpm but idle was more than 50% of the time and load in most cases was not higher than 20%. In non-urban conditions, our engine operated within the range from 700 to 3000 rpm and load was up to 70%.

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McCarthy, Tim, Lars Pforte, and Rebekah Burke. "Fundamental Elements of an Urban UTM." Aerospace 7, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7070085.

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Urban airspace environments present exciting new opportunities for delivering drone services to an increasingly large global market, including: information gathering; package delivery; air-taxi services. A key challenge is how to model airspace environments over densely populated urban spaces, coupled with the design and development of scalable traffic management systems that may need to handle potentially hundreds to thousands of drone movements per hour. This paper explores the background to Urban unmanned traffic management (UTM), examining high-level initiatives, such as the USA’s Unmanned Air Traffic (UTM) systems and Europe’s U-Space services, as well as a number of contemporary research activities in this area. The main body of the paper describes the initial research outputs of the U-Flyte R&D group, based at Maynooth University in Ireland, who have focused on developing an integrated approach to airspace modelling and traffic management platforms for operating large drone fleets over urban environments. This work proposes pragmatic and innovative approaches to expedite the roll-out of these much-needed urban UTM solutions. These approaches include the certification of drones for urban operation, the adoption of a collaborative and democratic approach to designing urban airspace, the development of a scalable traffic management and the replacement of direct human involvement in operating drones and coordinating drone traffic with machines. The key fundamental elements of airspace architecture and traffic management for busy drone operations in urban environments are described together with initial UTM performance results from simulation studies.

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Xu, Zi Han, Guan Wen Cheng, Jin Jie Meng, Ning Shu Liang, and Xu Jiang Qin. "The Comparative Analysis on Construction and Operation of Urban and Country Sewage Treatment Plants in Guangxi." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1333.

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The statistics about investment and operation situation of 36 urban sewage treatment plants and 72 country ones show that: ①Urban and country sewage treatment plants are mainly small-scale ones, using oxidation ditch, A2/O, SBR and its variants process. ②Operation loading rates of urban and county sewage treatment plants are generally low, and the better treatment process varies with different scales. ③The unit investment and unit investment of pipe network decreases with the scale increasing. So does the trend of operating cost. Overall, the operating costs of the A2/O and the oxidation ditch are cheaper in urban wastewater treatment plants, while each process are more economical in country ones. Therefore, choosing reasonable process, and coordinating the relationship between centralization and decentralization play an irreplaceable role in the coordinated development of the Guangxi autonomous region in the future, saving money under the premise of ensuring the safety of water environment.

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Lee, Eui Hoon, Yong Sik Lee, Jin Gul Joo, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Development of Operation in Urban Offline Detention Reservoirs." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 16, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2016.16.1.227.

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31

Anand, P. B. "Co‐operation and the urban environment: An exploration." Journal of Development Studies 36, no. 5 (June 2000): 30–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380008422645.

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张, 秀媛. "Analysis of the Urban Electric Buses Operation Parameters." Open Journal of Transportation Technologies 02, no. 04 (2013): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojtt.2013.24041.

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Minmin XIAO, and Shifeng LIU. "Architecture for Operation Management in Urban Railway System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 3, no. 6 (July 31, 2011): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol3.issue6.11.

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Kotenko, A. G. "Operating management of urban transport facilities within the concept of cyber-physical systems." Informatization and communication 5 (December 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34219/2078-8320-2020-11-5-51-58.

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The information technology concept of cyber-physical systems implemented on the basis of the industrial Internet of things is stated. It is shown that in relation to objects of urban mainstream transport, such systems are able to ensure the implementation of technologies for controlled self-organization of the functioning of technological processes and can be considered as options for intelligent self-controlled systems. The problems of organizing the functioning of cyber-physical systems in relation to the operating conditions of the basic objects of urban main transport are identifi ed. Particular attention is paid to the issues of loss management during technological operations. An approach to modeling the technological process of the station operation within the framework of the concept of cyber-physical systems is presented. The structure of technological operations and a mechanism for managing losses within the approach are proposed.

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Wei, Li Yun, Yong Bo Lv, and Yuan Ren. "Metro Operation Safety Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.467.

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In order to evaluate urban rail traffic safety performance comprehensively and to find the weak link to strengthen management, this article, it used the secondary fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for safety assessment. the qualitative analysis was done to emphasis the structure importance and management strategies are put forward based on the results.

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Canler, J. P., C. Royer, and Ph Duchène. "Aerobic biological treatment of grease from urban wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (July 1, 2001): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0773.

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Biological grease treatment is rapidly expanding in France, with about sixty plants recorded in 1998. They are designed at a volumetric loading of 2.5 kg COD/m3 of reactor per day. Several sites have been selected for their representativity and studied. Prior to detailed monitoring over a long period, preliminary investigations provided some information on the operation of these reactors. They showed that most of them are not optimized (low removal efficiency), but have limited operational constraints given their low load. This study enabled us to assess the quantity actually skimmed from the surface of the aerated grease separator in relation to the lipids in raw sewage, and to define the precautions to be taken for sampling and analysis of grease, before any data interpretation. A detailed measurement series was then implemented. It shows the considerable value of this process for the reduction of lipids and highlights the main operational parameters in order to obtain high performance while keeping low operating constraints.

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Yin, Jian Zhong, Cheng Qing Liu, Xing Guo Gu, and Wei Duo Zhou. "Innovation Research on Operation Mechanism of Urban Circular Economy in "Blue and Yellow" Economic Zone in Shandong Peninsula." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4730.

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Innovation on the system of urban circular economy is effective way to realize the economic form of ecological civilization and carry out the scientific development. The development of urban circular economy in "blue and yellow" economic zone in Shandong peninsula needs innovation of operation mechanism. In this paper, based on the analysis of the main body, the system and operation process of urban circular economy, the writer researched the operation mechanism of urban circular economy in "blue and yellow" economic zone in Shandong peninsula and proposed the driving mechanism, control mechanism, security mechanism and overall arrangement mechanism of urban circular economy operation.

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Harpham, Trudy, and Kwasi A. Boateng. "Urban governance in relation to the operation of urban services in developing countries." Habitat International 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(96)00046-x.

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Mateo Pérez, Vanesa, José Manuel Mesa Fernández, Francisco Ortega Fernández, and Joaquín Villanueva Balsera. "Gross Solids Content Prediction in Urban WWTPs Using SVM." Water 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040442.

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The preliminary treatment of wastewater at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of great importance for the performance and durability of these plants. One fraction that is removed at this initial stage is commonly called gross solids and can cause various operational, downstream performance, or maintenance problems. To avoid this, data from more than two operation years of the Villapérez Wastewater Treatment Plant, located in the northeast of the city of Oviedo (Asturias, Spain), were collected and used to develop a model that predicts the gross solids content that reaches the plant. The support vector machine (SVM) method was used for modelling. The achieved model precision (Radj2 = 0.7 and MSE = 0.43) allows early detection of trend changes in the arrival of gross solids and will improve plant operations by avoiding blockages and overflows. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to predict trend changes in gross solids content as a function of the selected input variables. This will prevent the plant from suffering possible operational problems or discharges of untreated wastewater as actions could be taken, such as starting up more pretreatment lines or emptying the containers.

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Gao, Bo, Ling Xi Zhu, and Xue Mei Xiao. "Safety Assessment Method for Equipment of Urban Rail Transit Network Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3958.

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Based on the multi-source information fusion and complex network theory, through studying the effective matching and integration of safety equipment and spatial information of urban rail transit network operation, a safety assessment model is proposed: through equipment fusion and the node fusion, the global safety parameter is obtained, which is accurate in description and evaluation of urban rail transit operating than the partial safety factors and realize the transform from microscopic description to macroscopic description.

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Shavkun, V. "DEVELOPMENT OF A RELIABILITY MODEL THAT TAKES INTO ACCOUNT CHANGES IN THE STATE OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-176-180.

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Statistic data concerning the trolleybuses operations in Ukraine prove that reliability of traction electric engines has been reduced for subjective and objective reasons over the past 10-15 years. New developments and the use of technologies are therefore needed for more effective use of the known technical equipment, its modernization, reliability improvement and extending the service life. To determine the effectiveness of trolleybus operation on the route, the modern methods of reliability assessment of the traction electric engines are used, which allow to get adequate characteristics of the structure, functional links of parts and units. Improving public transport services is linked to the efficient operation of urban electric transport. It depends on the capabilities and quality of individual components and units of rolling stock. In addition, power supply and traffic control systems play an important role. An important technical and economic indicator of quality for each technical system of electric transport or product is the concept of reliability, which characterizes the level of operating conditions of the main elements and characteristics of traction electric motors. One of the main criteria for the reliability of traction motors is the reliability of operation during operation. The conditions of operation of electric machines of trolley buses are analyzed and the main directions of increasing their operational reliability are determined. The nature of the change in the state of structural units of an electric machine during operation has been established. A mathematical model of reliability has been developed that takes into account changes in the state of structural units of an electric machine.

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Bieniek, Andrzej, Jarosław Mamala, Krzysztof Prażnowski, and Mariusz Graba. "Slip at Vehicle Transmission System with Hydrokinetic Converter in the Urban Test Cycle." Journal of KONES 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0085.

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AbstractThe study concentrated on slip phenomenon occurring at hydrokinetic converter in passenger car transmission system. Optimization of modern automatic transmission systems aims, on the one hand, to further increase the comfort of use, and on the other hand to improve the efficiency and reliability operation of individual components, in such a way as to ultimately result in lowering fuel consumption and also harmful emissions. One of the important factors affecting the mentioned transmissions properties as a whole system is the slip phenomenon occurring between the pump and the hydrokinetic converter turbine. The study presents the results of research on ZF 4HP20 and Fuji Hyper M6 gearboxes operating in vehicle transmission systems. The tests were carried out using the MAHA MSR 500 chassis dynamometer during driving at chosen test cycles. The research covered the transmission systems operating according to selected control algorithms affecting not only the gear shifting strategy but also the operation of the lock up clutch causing the transmissions slip values. As shown by the conducted research, the algorithm controlling the operation of the torque converter can have a significant influence on their operating indexes. The conducted analyses indicate the possibilities of improving the transmission operating indexes, especially in urban driving cycles.

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Li, Cheng Bing, Yi Zhang, Min Li, and Xi Lu Li. "The Research of Hohhot City Integration of Urban and Ruralpublic Transportation Operation Organization Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1885.

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With the urbanization accelerating, the development of integration of urban and rural public transportation has speed up. In that case, Hohhot city has become particularly important, but obviously, the development of Hohhot is still at a primary stage. And the these is about the development and integration of urban and rural public transportation in Hohhot city and the operation mode and operating mode line between the two areas are analyzed, combined with the fact of passengers flowing into Hohhot on line organization. We finally summarize the reasonable operation organization mode.

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Spirin, I. V., Yu M. Grishaeva, and O. Yu Matantseva. "Indicator for Assessing Availability of Rolling Stock for Public Urban Passenger Transport." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 6 (July 30, 2021): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-6-220-237.

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The objective of the article is to develop and to substantiate adequacy of the proposed indicator for assessing availability of rolling stock for urban mass transit or urban passenger transport (UPT). As such an indicator, it is recommended to use a calculated indicator: a conventional one-hundred-seat vehicle. The currently used indicators characterising provision of UPT with vehicles, consider only the physical number of the latter. This does not provide an assessment of carrying capacity of UPT, considering the existing operating conditions (real operating speeds on the routes of UPT, the existing level of the coefficient of the fleet being used on the routes as compared to the total number of fleet units, etc.). The proposed indicator of availability of the rolling stock considers not only the natural number of vehicles, but also their passenger capacity, the indicated significant technical and operational indicators of the vehicle fleet. The basis for assessing the carrying capacity of the rolling stock fleet is a conventional one-hundred-seat bus, which performs transportation on routes with an average operating speed. For real buses, this basic unit is adjusted in accordance with real travel speeds and the prevailing values of technical and operational indicators. A similar adjustment is performed for real trolleybuses and tram cars, which makes it possible to level the operational differences in the rolling stock of various types of UPT to compare them in terms of carrying capacity.The methodology used in preparation of the article is based on the integrated use of scientific knowledge in the fields of applied science on operation of transport, statistics (statistical observation and accounting of the work of UPT), a comparative analysis of indicators used in various industries, in particular, in agriculture to assess the level of provision with the main production vehicles (conventional tractor), benchmarking research and development of Russian and foreign authors on the problem of improving operation of UPT.The indicator is intended for use in development and assessment of the level of implementation of programs for development of UPT and the urban environment, analysis of the quality of transport planning and services provided to passengers, comparisons of provision with vehicles in different cities.

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Zhu, Wei. "Urban Rail Transit Operation during World Expo 2010 Shanghai." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1797.

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This paper presents the operation practices of Urban Rail Transit during the Word Expo 2010 period in Shanghai. The overall traffic strategy of the Expo and the role of urban rail transit system are first introduced. The focal points of this paper are operation schemes during the Expo, such as train arrangement, passenger flow organization, emergency response, and the coordination with other transport modes. The paper concludes that the Expo travel demand can be met well without sacrificing local urban daily traffic. To have a good linkage with other transport modes as well as the Expo, urban rail transit should play its role in the framework of overall traffic strategy. And in today’s international events, guidance measures including various media are more and more important in the transportation demand management. Practices in Shanghai also show that management of transit stations and information sharing among different public transport systems should be improved.

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46

Zhao, Yuan, and Xiaobing Ding. "The Research on Delay Propagation of Urban Rail Transit Operation under Sudden Failure." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (May 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8984474.

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With the increase and extension of urban rail transit lines, networked operation has become an inevitable trend of rail transit operations. Once an emergency occurs, it will cause operational delays; in serious cases, it may further lead to group safety incidents. Firstly, the sudden failure of rail transit is defined, statistical calculation is made according to the accumulated failure data, and then the sudden failures and average processing time are quantitatively calculated. Secondly, the time delay and propagation under the state of sudden failure are analyzed, on the basis of which the propagation and dissipation of time delay based on the single station failure cellular automata model and SIR model network based on multistation fault delay propagation are constructed. Finally, the reliability and accuracy of the model are verified by a case of rail transit in a city. The scheme in this paper can be used to estimate the scope of time and space delay under the sudden failure of rail transit and can provide the basis for the adjustment of traffic organization scheme and evacuation of passenger flow under the sudden failure.

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Shin, Young Keun, Tae Hyung Kim, Gwang Hee Kim, and Seung Woo Han. "Partial Simulation Model (PSM) Development for Productivity Analysis on Curtain Wall Operations in High-Rise Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1942.

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High-rise building construction demands precise planning prior to actual operation. High-rise building construction has widely been planned in urban area. Curtain wall operation is one of important and fundamental operations in high-rise building construction. Curtain wall operation is composed of various activities. Precise planning is required for the effective management of such operation. Construction simulation technique has been considered an appropriate methodology for estimating construction performance which is required for the effective management of the project. However, simulation technique revealed serious limitations. Simulation technique has difficulty in preliminary modeling and application of changed conditions. This paper suggests a preliminary study for the research that overcomes traditional simulation technique limitations focusing on curtain wall operations.

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Conger, Matt, and Britt A. Holmén. "Characterization of Real-World Particle Number Emissions during Reignition Events from a 2010 Light-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2503, no. 1 (January 2015): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2503-15.

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Despite the increasing popularity of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), few studies have compared the real-world particle emissions of HEVs from internal combustion engine (ICE) reignition events with that of a conventional vehicle (CV) during real-world driving. Reignition events occur under unstable combustion conditions and frequently result in particle number (PN) emission rates (PNERs) that exceed those for stabilized engine operation. Tailpipe PNERs from a CV and an HEV 2010 Toyota Camry were quantified on a 32-mi route over rural, urban, and freeway roadways in Chittenden County, Vermont, with the total onboard tailpipe emissions measurement system. This study directly compared the CV and HEV PNERs and characterized the operation of the HEV in a new HEV ICE operating mode framework. Mean PNER for reignition events (7.19 pM 11.8 × 1010 particles/s) were on average four times greater than for stabilized HEV operation (1.79 ± 3.99 × 1010 particles/s). Under urban, rural, and freeway driving, HEV reignition event operation accounted for 58.7%, 44.6%, and 5.0%, respectively, of the total PN inventory. Mean HEV PNER was 1.8 times greater than that of the CV in urban driving, while under freeway driving, where the two vehicles operated similarly, average CV PNER was 2.4 times greater than that of the HEV. The data show that the typical fuel consumption benefits of HEVs in urban driving are associated with a trade-off in PN emissions. The HEV ICE operating behavior has implications for the spatial distribution of PN hot spots as well as the associated microscale modeling of alternative vehicle technology emissions.

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Skirkouski, Siarhei, Uladzimir Sedziukevich, Volodymyr Karpenko, and Stanislav Svichynskyi. "RESEARCH OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT." Automobile transport, no. 48 (May 29, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2219-8342.2021.48.0.45.

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Problem. Currently, there is no universal approach to improve the efficiency of the urban public transport operation. Different methods are used during the estimation of public transport operation cost and the quality of services for the passengers. It makes actual the development of the target function which will allow assessing the carrier cost and passenger expenditures, and therefore find the balance between the interests of these parties of the transportation process. Thus, the alternative to the existing approaches can be created and then used to organize passenger transportation and improve transport enterprise management. Development of this alternative is the actual task as the new target function will open the horizon to improve the methods of organization of public transport operation. Goal. The new approach to optimize the costs of public transport operation needs to be tested for the appropriateness for the planning of passenger service in cities. Methodology. The developed target function was derived as the result of the analysis of the economic and social factors influencing the efficiency of the urban public transport operation. Results. The use of the developed target function allows finding the optimal values of cost components for the passenger and the carrier. Originality. The obtained function to optimize the performance of public transport allows reducing the costs of suboptimal use of vehicles capacity, suboptimal allocation of the vehicles to the routes and the irrational organization of vehicles operating on the routes. Practical value. The results of the research clarify the controlled and uncontrolled parameters of the public transport system operation.

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Li, Bing, and Min Li. "Research on Terminal Construction and Operation Management about the Integration of Urban and Rural Bus." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2584.

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The speeding up of urbanization and urban-rural integration development strategy between urban and rural passenger flow increase rapidly. Urban and rural public transportation as a link between the central cities and vast rural areas, has a very important role.It can not only meet the demand of urban and rural residents, build and improve the structure of urban and rural dweller, also greatly promote the development of China's urban and rural integration process.Aiming at the existing problem of rural passenger transport, from the aspects of operating mode, equipped with the capacity to improve to accelerate the process of integration of urban and rural public transportation, take unified transportation operation mode.Taking Hohhot as an example, aiming at the problems of the city and then put forward the development strategy of public transportation, and gives the corresponding safeguard measures effectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban operation'

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