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Lacerda, Norma, Geraldo Marinho, Clara Bahia, Paulo Queiroz, and Rubén Pecchio. "Planos diretores municipais: aspectos legais e conceituais." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2005): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2005v7n1p55.
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Com a Constituição de 1988, obrigando as cidades com mais de vinte mil habitantes a elaborarem ou revisarem os seus planos diretores, e com a promulgação do Estatuto da Cidade (2001), regulamentando os instrumentos previstos constitucionalmente, vários trabalhos foram publicados em um contexto estimulante e polêmico que, sem dúvida, deverá continuar a alimentar o diálogo entre planejadores urbanos e especialistas em direito urbanístico: estimulante, por significar a retomada do planejamento municipal, e polêmico, porque os textos legais estão sujeitos a diferentes interpretações. É exatamente nesse ambiente que se insere a presente reflexão, trazendo à tona a importância do Plano Diretor como instrumento de planejamento municipal, discutindo se ele deve se conformar como um plano geral de desenvolvimento ou privilegiar o ordenamento territorial, propondo uma base conceitual para a sua elaboração e, finalmente, indicando os desafios da gestão do seu processo de elaboração e implementação.Palavras-chave: Estatuto da Cidade; planos diretores; planejamento urbano. Abstract: Along with Brazil’s 1988 Constitution came the obligation for cities with a population larger than 20.000 to elaborate or review their Master Urban Plans. Later the Estatuto da Cidade (2001), regulated a series of instruments that the constitution anticipated. Since then many papers have been published in this stimulating context. This new predicament will, undoubtedly, enrich the rapport between urban planners and specialists in urban law. This paper fits exactly in this new milieu, emphasizing the significance of Master Urban Plans as an instrument of local planning, and the discussion whether these plans should be general development instruments or should privilege territorial aspects. The paper also proposes a conceptual base for the elaboration of plans and points to the challenges facing the management of its elaboration and implementation.Keywords: Estatuto da Cidade; master urban plans; urban planning.
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Miranda, Lívia Izabel Bezerra de. "Planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana: velhas novidades em novos territórios." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2009v11n1p25.
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Desvendar processos espaciais e possibilidades de planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana é o objetivo deste trabalho. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que, embora essas áreas não tenham sido historicamente o foco central do planejamento urbano, expressam hoje forte convergência de interesses, processos e conflitos socioeconômicos, territoriais e ambientais. Portanto, não é possível promover a ocupação e o uso sustentável e socialmente justo de todo o território municipal, como define o Estatuto da Cidade (Lei nº 10.257/01), se não há descritores técnicos e instrumentos urbanísticos capazes de garantir efetivas possibilidades de planejamento nas áreas de transição rural-urbana. Pôde-se constatar que, apesar dos recentes avanços legais/institucionais no campo da reforma urbana, ainda há muitas limitações no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento dos graves problemas decorrentes do processo histórico de uso e ocupação do território, espraiado, incompleto, especulativo, e o seu consequente planejamento. Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; política urbana; transição urbano-rural. Abstract: To investigate spatial processes and city planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas is the objective in this paper. Was anticipated that even if these areas have not been, historically, centered by urban planning focus, they express, currently, a strong convergence of interests, processes and conflicts on social-economic, territorial and environmental issues. So, it’s not possible to promote a sustainable and socially just occupation and land use of the whole municipality area – as it is defined by the Estatuto da Cidade (“City Statute”, a 2001 Brazilian Federal Law) – if we do not have urban policy instruments that could actually guarantee urban planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas. Was evident that although the recent legal and institutional advances for the Urban Reform ideals in Brazil, it stills many difficulties to face the serious problems that come from an historical process of spread, incomplete and speculative land use and occupation, and its consequent planning issues. Keywords: urban planning; urban policy; urban-rural transition.
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Balestro, Fernanda, and Fábio Lúcio Lopes Zampieri. "Efetividade da legislação urbanística na regulação da ocupação urbana em zonas rurais: análise para o município de Estância Velha para o período de 1955-2018 / Effectiveness of urban legislation in regulating urban occupation in rural areas: analysis for the municipality of Estância Velha for the period 1959-2018." Revista de Direito da Cidade 12, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 118–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2020.50729.
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ResumoO principal instrumento brasileiro de regulação de uso do solo é a legislação, que ordena e regra a ocupação do território. Neste estudo objetivou-se verificar a efetividade da legislação como instrumento para regular a expansão urbana em zonas rurais. Fez-se isso a partir de um confronto entre os resultados esperados e os efetivos da aplicação da legislação de ocupação do território para o município de Estância Velha, de 1955 a 2018. Levantou-se toda a legislação urbanística municipal, identificou-se e mapeou-se as alterações no macrozoneamento urbano-rural do município e as barreiras à expansão urbana. Avaliou-se os aumentos no perímetro urbano quanto à sua necessidade comparando-os ao contexto econômico e demográfico. Viu-se que a legislação exerceu um fator importante de ordenamento territorial, porém insuficiente, dado que ocupações com fins urbanos dentro da zona rural continuaram ocorrendo e foram pretexto para aumentos de perímetro urbano. Verificou-se que a legislação urbanística foi parcialmente efetiva e teve um papel relevante na definição de barreiras à expansão urbana; que determinados tipos de uso do solo nestes locais reforçam a legislação; e que não há garantia da permanência da condição de barreira ao longo do tempo, dada a fragilidade da proteção legal e pressões por modificações da legislação.Palavras-chave: Legislação urbanística. Expansão urbana. Urbanização de zonas rurais. Barreiras à expansão urbana. Regularização fundiária. AbstractThe aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of laws and regulations that control urban expansion in rural areas, since they are the main Brazilian land planning instruments . Thus, we compare the expected results of the application of land use laws with the effective land occupation for the municipality of Estância Velha, in Brazil, in the period from 1955 to 2018. This paper identifies each local urban planning law, while analyzing and mapping land zoning changes between urban and rural zones, along with identified barriers to urban expansion. The increases in the urban perimeter were assessed as to their need by comparing them to the economic and demographic context. Results show that legislation is an important land planning instrument, although insufficient, given that urban land uses were still found in rural zones and were used as a pretext for urban perimeter increases. It is also shown that urban planning laws play an important - however partially effective - role related to delimiting barriers to urban expansion, despite the fact that certain types of preexisting land uses in these places reinforce such laws. Finally, it was also noted that there is no guarantee of the barrier condition lasting over time, given the fragility of legal protection and the pressures to modify it.Keywords: Urban law. Urban expansion. Rural land urbanization. Urban expansion barriers. Land regularization.
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Faria, Gislaine Garcia de. "As Leis de Zoneamento de Uso e Ocupação do Solo: Instrumento para a Efetiva Gestão Compartilhada dos Recursos Hídricos (The Laws of Use Zoning and Land Use: Instrument for Effective Management of Shared Water Resources)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, no. 3 (September 24, 2011): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232735.
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O presente texto discorre sobre a importância dos governos locais no planejamento e ordenamento do território e as conseqüências na conservação dos recursos hídricos. É atribuição dos municípios a elaboração e aprovação de instrumentos relacionados ao ordenamento territorial, tais como os planos diretores e as leis de zoneamento do uso e ocupação dos solos, bem como outras atividades relacionadas à preservação ambiental que em conjunto representam impacto direto nas águas. Por seu papel de instrumento básico de desenvolvimento urbano, o Plano Diretor condiciona a validade de outras leis. É dele a responsabilidade de traçar diretrizes para o ordenamento do uso do solo que deverão ser detalhadas, quando necessário, por leis específicas. Assim, o objetivo dessa comunicação é o de apresentar as formas de organização, em termos de diretrizes de ordenamento territoriais, dos municípios de Londrina, Arapongas, Rolândia e Cambé (norte do estado do Paraná-Brasil), e que possuem, na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Três Bocas, território comum. Desse modo, evidenciando a complementaridade e os avanços dos instrumentos de gestão do território urbano e a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos, manejo, território urbano. The Laws of Use Zoning and Land Use: Instrument for Effective Management of Shared Water Resources ABSTRACT This text discusses the importance of local governments in planning and land use planning and the consequences of such management on the conservation of water resources. IT IS award of the cities the drafting and approval of instruments related to spatial planning, such as the master plans and the laws of zoning of the use and occupation of the soil, as well as other activities related to environmental preservation which together represent direct impact in the waters. For its role in basic tool for urban development, the Director Plan determines the validity of other laws. IT IS his responsibility to draw up guidelines for the planning of the use of the soil should be detailed, when necessary, by specific laws. Thus, the objective of this communication is to present the forms of organization, in terms of guidelines for territorial planning, from the municipalities of Londrina, Arapongas, Rolandia and Cambé (north of the state of Paraná-Brazil), and that they have, in the river basin of ribeirão Three Mouths, common territory. In this way, evidencing the complementarity and the advances of instruments for the management of the urban territory and the management of water resources. Keywords: water resources, management, urban territory.
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Čolić, Ratka. "Integrated urban development strategy as an instrument for supporting urban governance." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no. 3 (2015): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1503317q.
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The paper will focus on the challenges of institutionalizing the new planning instrument - Integrated Urban Development Strategy (IUDS).1 It starts with a discussion on fostering innovations in urban governance, the impact of European urban development policies and the implementation of new planning instrument. Driven by demand for more effective and flexible planning, urban governance influenced the use of different instruments in practice. One of them is IUDS. The strategy development processes in three Serbian cities are the first examples of operationalization of the collaborative approach and IUDS in Serbia as the post-socialist context which is adapting and adjusting to market-oriented model. As such it holds endogenous character and meaning within the local planning practice. The key challenges of the strategy implementation are identified as understanding of the expected outcomes of its application and the existence of potential for change. With regards to the indicators of institutionalization of this new instrument, local planners have pointed out at the importance of providing further technical support, steps towards the implementation of the strategy, further capacity development, introduction of better communication as well as the establishment of relations. As a new instrument for urban development planning and supporting urban governance, the strategy has become the subject of analysis in the field of administration, professional and the academic community.
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Siewczyński, Borys. "COMPUTER VISUALISATION IN URBAN PLANNING OF HIGHWAY SURROUNDINGS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2004.9636287.
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Computer visualisation is described as useful instrument, that enables to design urban (municipal) surroundings of highways and other main (supralocal) road communication lines in optimal way. Capabilities of visualisation techniques are presented by selected examples of spatial planning and urban spaces design. The presented examples show importance of urban space perception from viewpoint of road traffic participant. The paper also describes aesthetic issues concerning design of urban and suburban spaces, connected with elements of main transit roads, and their technical infrastructure. Some exemplary design processes of wide near‐by highway areas, using architectural and town planning methodology aided by computer visualisation are described too, as the significance of visual presentation quality is in close connection with specific planning tasks. Computer visualisation, visual information is shown as instruments that allow local communities to participate in design, spatial planning, and legislation.
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Di Giacomo, Giuseppe, and Fabio Mazzola. "Pianificazione strategica tra sviluppo locale e policentrismo: alcune evidenze empiriche sul caso siciliano." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, no. 2 (June 2009): 64–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rest2009-002003.
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The aim of this paper is the analysis of metropolitan strategic planning in Sicily. Urban areas are becoming important units for territorial cohesion policy and strategic planning represents more and more an important policy instrument. Evidence of a policentric pattern is tested across 30 strategic plans carried out by Sicilian cities in order to derive useful insights for policy implications. Methods and Results This study uses multidimensional scaling and rank-size regressions across Sicilian Functional Urban Areas (FUA) as well as descriptive information drawn from strategic plans in order to identify the main characteristics of these instruments and to provide evidence on their capacity to innovate traditional local development policies. Conclusions The empirical results show a strong evidence in favour of hierarchical patterns across urban areas which are adopting a strategic plan while polycentric forces appear to be very limited.JEL: R11, R12, R58Keywords: strategic planning, local development, functional urban areas, rank-sizeParole chiave: piani strategici, sviluppo locale, area urbana funzionale, regola, rango, dimensione
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Neilson, Lyndsay. "Instruments of governance in urban management." Australian Planner 39, no. 2 (January 2002): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2002.9982291.
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Scholl, Christian, and Joop De Kraker. "Urban Planning by Experiment: Practices, Outcomes, and Impacts." Urban Planning 6, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i1.4248.
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The impact of urban experimentation on urban planning approaches is so far insufficiently assessed and discussed. This thematic issue sets out to investigate the possibilities and limitations of ‘urban planning by experiment,’ defined as an approach that uses experimentation to innovate and improve urban planning instruments, approaches, and outcomes. It brings together eight contributions presenting original research on urban experimentation and its relation to urban planning. All contributions are empirically grounded in (illustrative) case studies, mostly from European cities. Here, we summarize and discuss the major findings across the eight contributions with respect to three key themes: the practices of urban experimentation, its outcomes, and its impacts on urban planning. We conclude that the practices of urban experimentation described in the contributions generated a wide variety of substantive and learning outcomes, which, according to the authors, represent worthwhile additions or alternatives to the current repertoire of approaches and instruments of urban planning. However, except for a single case, large-scale integration of experimentation in established approaches to urban planning was not observed, let alone a complete transformation of urban planning practices. An area for further research concerns the relation between the way urban experiments are organized and conducted, and their impact on urban planning.
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Huaquín, Mario. "ACOUSTIC PLANNING OF URBAN SPACE." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201932316.
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Urban planning requires multiple instruments to organize a city. The growth process requires adapt to political, economic, technological changes, incorporating urban factors, architectural design concepts, and also acoustic, for public and private space more friendly with the environment. Noise as pollutant of public and private space, generated mainly by vehicular traffic, increases noise by the presence of buildings on both sides of streets, depending on its shape, materiality, height, and distance between facades. Direct sound when reflected in facades returns as a secondary source. These multiple reflections added to the direct sound, produce a "residual noise". Then time variable, when the passage of vehicles is continuous, an observer can define a linear source in constant generation. The persistence of the noise can reach 3 seconds. Original source, residual noise and the persistence of noise over time its the phenomenon called environmental noise, associated with the design and shape of cities.
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Wu, Fulong. "Planning centrality, market instruments: Governing Chinese urban transformation under state entrepreneurialism." Urban Studies 55, no. 7 (September 5, 2017): 1383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017721828.
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This article defines the key parameters of ‘state entrepreneurialism’ as a governance form that combines planning centrality and market instruments, and interprets how these two seemingly contradictory tendencies are made coherent in the political economic structures of post-reform China. Through examining urban regeneration programmes (in particular ‘three olds regeneration’, sanjiu gaizao), the development of suburban new towns and the reconstruction of the countryside, the article details institutional configurations that make the Chinese case different from a neoliberal growth machine. The contradiction of these tendencies gives room to urban residents and migrants to develop their agencies and their own spaces, and creates informalities in Chinese urban transformation.
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Oliveira, Anna Luiza Garção, Deusa Maria Rodrigues Boaventura, Aristides Moyses, Dandara Cristine Alves de Amorim, and Regiane Lima Rodrigues. "Produção e Planejamento do Espaço Urbano da Metrópole Matogrossense: Análise sobre o acesso a terras urbanizáveis na Cidade Ilegal segundo os Planos Diretores." Revista Baru - Revista Brasileira de Assuntos Regionais e Urbanos 4, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/baru.v4i1.6195.
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O planejamento do espaço urbano brasileiro por meio de ferramentas ordenadoras do território - como Planos Diretores e Instrumentos Urbanísticos - constituem um modo de operação que, desde a década de 1960 vem passando por significativas mudanças e melhorias na tentativa de propor não apenas grandes marcos urbanísticos, como também programas progressivamente mais aplicáveis aos espaços urbanos. Nesse sentido, atrelada a discussão teórico/metodológica sobre o Planejamento Territorial Brasileiro por meio de Planos Diretores e a função social da cidade, este artigo pretende analisar como a temática do ordenamento urbano foi implementada em Cuiabá a partir de 1960 até os tempos atuais, entendendo como estes instrumentos atuaram na seguridade do acesso as terras urbanizáveis na capital mato-grossense, com especial foco para as áreas ocupadas ilegalmente que constituem a Cidade Ilegal.
Production and Planning of the Urban Area of Metrópole Matogrossense: Analysis of Access to Urban Land in the Illegal City According to the Master Plans
The planning of the Brazilian urban space through spatial planning tools - such as Master Plans and Urbanistic Instruments – has been in an operation mode that, since the 1960s, undergone significant changes and improvements in order to approach not only remarkable urbanistic landmarks, but also develop programs progressively more applicable to urban spaces. In this regard, taking into account the theoretical/ methodological discussion on the Brazilian Territorial Planning with basis on Master Plans and the social function of the city, this article aims to analyze how the urban planning theme has been implemented in Cuiabá from 1960 until the present time by understanding how these instruments have influenced on tenure security to urbanizable lands in the capital of the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso, with a special focus on the illegally occupied areas that form the so-called Illegal City.
Producción y Planificación del Espacio Urbano de Metrópole Matogrossense: Análisis Sobre el Acceso a Tierras Urbanizables en la Ciudad Ilegal Según los Planes Directores
La planificación del espacio urbano brasileño por medio de herramientas ordenadoras del territorio -como Planos Directores e Instrumentos Urbanísticos- constituyen un modo de operación que desde la década de 1960 viene pasando por significativos cambios y mejoras en el intento de proponer no sólo grandes marcos Urbanísticos, así como programas progresivamente más aplicables a los espacios urbanos. En este sentido, vinculada a la discusión teórico / metodológica sobre la Planificación Territorial Brasileña por medio de Planes Directores y la función social de la ciudad, este artículo pretende analizar cómo la temática del ordenamiento urbano fue implementada en Cuiabá a partir de 1960 hasta los tiempos actuales, entendiendo Como estos instrumentos actuaron en la seguridad del acceso a las tierras urbanizables en la capital mato-grossensse, con especial foco para las áreas ocupadas ilegalmente que constituyen la Ciudad Ilegal.
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Oliveira, Liana Viveiros, Aparecida Netto Teixeira, and Marília Moreira Cavalcante. "PROJETO URBANO E PLANEJAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO: conexões e desconexões na reconstrução e recuperação ambiental de Lajedinho/BA." Revista de Políticas Públicas 24, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v24n1p226-246.
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O artigo discute uma experiência associada de projeto urbano e planejamento participativo ocorrida em Lajedinho/BA, cidade com elevado nível de ruralização onde, em 2013, ocorreu uma grave enchente, com vítimas fatais e destruição parcial da cidade. Com aportes teóricos sobre o plano e o projeto e, considerando as bases jurídicas e programáticas da política urbana brasileira, analisa a relação entre projeto e plano na formulação de uma agenda pactuada e socialmente legitimada para as cidades, identificando tensões reveladoras de limites e também de potenciais de articulação e interação. Os resultados mostram o quanto a desconexão entre os instrumentos pode acentuar os problemas urbanos e socioambientais que pretendem solucionar e apontam para a possibilidade de ressignificar o plano diretor e o projeto urbano, atribuindo sentidos e significados na perspectiva do direito à cidade.Palavras-chave: Projeto urbano. Plano diretor. Direito à cidade. Lajedinho.URBAN DESIGN AND PARTICIPATORY PLANNING: Connections and Disconnections in Lajedinho´s Reconstruction and Environmental RecoveryAbstractThis paper discusses an experience of urban design and participatory planning that took place at Lajedinho/BA, city with a high level of ruralization where, in 2013, a severe flood occurred, with fatalities and partial destruction of the city.With theoretical contributions concerning project and planning, and, considering the legal and programmatic basis of brazilian urban policy, the relation between them is analyzed in formulation of a pactual and socially legitimized agenda forthe cities, identifying tensions revealing boundaries and also of articulation and interaction potentials. The results show how much the disconnect between the instruments can accentuate the urban and socio-environmental problems both of them intend to solve and point to the possibility of reframing the master plan and the urban project, attributing meanings from the perspective of the right to the city.Keywords: Urban design. Master plan. Right to the city. Lajedinho.
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Sheahan, Mark, and Miles Boak. "Incorporating natural resource management into rural planning instruments." Australian Planner 45, no. 2 (June 2008): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2008.9982645.
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Versiani, Isabela Veloso Lopes. "INDICADORES GEORREFERENCIADOS DE QUALIDADE DE VIDA URBANA: possibilidades para o planejamento urbano." Revista Cerrados 14, no. 01 (March 19, 2020): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v14n12016p191a214.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar o debate acerca da emergência do tema da qualidade de vida vinculado ao meio urbano e de suas possibilidades para o planejamento urbano. De caráter exploratório, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o artigo procura delimitar marcos conceituais sobre a qualidade de vida e sua relação com um novo modelo de planejamento urbano a partir do paradigma do desenvolvimento social e de diretrizes do Estatuto da Cidade (2001), além de discutir formas de operacionalização desse conceito tendo como base algumas experiências de construção de sistemas de indicadores de qualidade de vida urbana no Brasil. Como resultados, evidencia-se que a preocupação com a qualidade de vida tem sido expressão recorrente nos debates sobre o presente e futuro das cidades, ganhando espaço e legitimidade a partir de um esforço de delimitação conceitual e de instrumentos para sua mensuração, destacando a contribuição de indicadores georreferenciados para melhor compreensão de desigualdades intraurbanas em diversas áreas. Acredita-se que a incorporação dessa discussão ao planejamento urbano pode contribuir de maneira significativa para pensar e operacionalizar instrumentos que auxiliem no direcionamento de ações e efetivação de políticas públicas para melhoria das condições de vida da população.
Palavras-chave: Planejamento Urbano; Indicadores; Qualidade de vida.
GEOREFERENCED INDICATORS OF URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE: possibilities for urban planning
Abstract
This article aims to deepen the debate on the growth of the quality of life theme linked to the urban environment and its possibilities for the urban planning. With exploratory character, through bibliographical and documentary research, the article seeks to define conceptual frameworks on the quality of life and its relationship with a new urban planning model from the social development paradigm and the “City Statute” guidelines (2001), besides discussing ways of operationalizing this concept, basing on experiences of previously existing systems of urban quality of life indicators in Brazil. As a result, it is clear that the concern for quality of life has been a recurring point in discussions regarding the present and future of cities, gaining ground and legitimacy from efforts of conceptual delimitation and tools for its measurement, highlighting the contribution of georeferenced indicators for a better understanding of intra-urban inequalities in many areas. It is believed that the incorporation of this discussion into urban planning can contribute significantly to think and operationalize instruments that can help to direct actions and execution of public policies to improve the living conditions of the population.
Keywords: Urban Planning; Indicators; Quality of life.
INDICADORES GEOREFERENCIADOS DE CALIDAD DE VIDA URBANA: posibilidades de planificación urbana
Resumen
En este artículo se pretende profundizar el debate sobre el surgimiento del tema de la calidad de vida relacionado con el ambiente urbano y sus posibilidades para la planificación urbana. De carácter exploratorio, a través de la investigación bibliográfica y documental, el artículo busca definir los marcos conceptuales de la calidad de vida y su relación con un nuevo modelo de planificación urbana desde el paradigma del desarrollo social y las directrices del Estatuto de la Ciudad (2001), además de discutir maneras de hacer operativo este concepto basado en algunas experiencias en la construcción de sistemas de indicadores de calidad de vida urbana en Brasil. Como resultado de ello, es evidente que la preocupación por la calidad de vida ha sido una expresión recurrente en los debates sobre el presente y futuro de las ciudades, ganando terreno y legitimidad a través de esfuerzos de delimitación conceptual y herramientas para su medición, destacando la contribución de indicadores georeferenciados para una mejor comprensión de las desigualdades intra-urbanas en muchas áreas. Se cree que la incorporación de esta discusión a la planificación urbana puede contribuir significativamente a pensar y operar instrumentos que ayudan a dirigir las acciones y ejecución de políticas públicas para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población.
Palabras-clave: Planificación urbana, indicadores, calidad de vida.
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Zhang and Liu. "Parametric Modeling for Form-Based Planning in Dense Urban Environments." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 5678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205678.
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Parametric instruments are employed broadly across the building industry. The study of applying parametric techniques to sustainable form-based planning, however, remains insufficient. This paper therefore critically assesses parametric techniques for facilitating form-based planning in an urban environment. The analysis is to twofold: Can a parametric technique truly enhance the form-based planning process more effectively than existing planning processes? and By what means can form-based planning layouts derived from parametric techniques be appraised? Methodologies include a case study in Hong Kong, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and experimental modeling on parametric platforms. Results indicate that the urban forms can be visualized in real-time during planning processes with a parametric coding system. Existing planning processes do not benefit from real-time visualization, but these alone do not necessarily result in more rational planning layouts. Parametric techniques produce visual models effectively but are not a planning panacea. Findings include a criticism of parametric techniques and pertinent instruments in urban projects, as well as valuable insights for the study of complex form-based planning in dense urban socio-environments.
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Woestenburg, Alexander, Erwin van der Krabben, and Tejo Spit. "Legitimacy Dilemmas in Direct Government Intervention: The Case of Public Land Development, an Example from the Netherlands." Land 8, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8070110.
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The current paper examines the legitimacy dilemmas that rise from local governments’ direct policy instruments and market interventions. It takes the case of public land management strategies. The paper argues that current societal challenges—such as energy transition, climate change and inclusive urban innovation—require planning practices to be more effective. Direct government instruments such as direct market interventions have proven to significantly reduce the implementation gap of planning practice. Looking at significant urban challenges, municipalities worldwide could be urged to apply such direct government instruments on a larger scale in the future. However, although direct government intervention in markets can be very effective, it is also controversial in terms of legitimacy. It explicitly and inevitably introduces financial incentives to the organization of government. Balancing these incentives against spatial planning interests unavoidably causes dilemmas. Based on eight Dutch case studies, this paper develops a framework to systematically spell out the legitimacy dilemmas that stem from public market intervention. It facilitates an explicit discussion on varying instrumental rationalities and improving the legitimacy of public action.
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Holanda, Frederico De, Maria Elaine Kohlsdorf, Ricardo Libanez Farret, and Sonia Helena Camargo Cordeiro. "Forma urbana: que maneiras de compreensão e representação?" Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no. 3 (November 30, 2000): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2000n3p9.
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O texto constitui um apanhado do estado da arte quanto à forma urbana. Discutem-se os principais problemas teóricos com que nos defrontamos e as tendências paradigmáticas atuais. Resumem-se também os eixos de discussão predominantes no Encontro Nacional da Anpur de 1999, a saber: a) problemas relacionados às centralidades urbanas, questões funcionais e de apropriação da cidade; b) a realidade da cidade e as expectativas sociais como percebidas pelos habitantes; c) a relação entre a tradição e os desafios colocados pela modernização; e d) os instrumentos de controle urbanístico. Palavras-chave: forma urbana; paradigmas espaciais; planejamento urbano brasileiro. Abstract: This paper constitutes a summary of the state of the art related to urban form. The main theoretical problems are discussed, as well as the contemporary paradigmatic dilemmas. The main trends of discussion in the 1999 ANPUR National Conference are commented, namely: a) problems related to urban centralities, functional issues and the appropriation of the city; b) the actuality of the city and the social expectations as perceived by the people; c) the relations between tradition and the challenges of modernisation and d) the instruments of urbanistic control. Keywords: urban form; spatial paradigms; brazilian urbanism planning.
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Cerezo Ibarrondo, Alvaro. "La actuación sobre el medio urbano de regeneración y renovación integrada. El nuevo paradigma de la gestión urbanística en suelo urbanizado = The integrated regeneration and renovation in the urban intervention. The new paradigm of city planning management." Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, no. 130 (June 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2020.130.4446.
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ResumenLa actuación sobre el medio urbano de regeneración y renovación integrada (aMU-RRi) configura el nuevo paradigma de la intervención urbana, la preservación urbana con carácter conjunto e integrado. Para ello redefine la viabilidad económica, afecta el deber de conservación del derecho de propiedad a la actuación y articula un modelo de equidistribución de reparto de costes que supera las pautas del urbanismo que hemos conocido.El presente artículo constituye un breve recorrido histórico por los instrumentos y técnicas que ha dispuesto el urbanismo español para la preservación urbana: desde inviable e insostenible modelo clásico del urbanismo, pasando por el modelo de la sostenibilidad que incorporó la sostenibilidad plena y el régimen estatutario del derecho de propiedad, pero que estableció un régimen general de intervención sobre el suelo urbanizado inviable y dejó un hueco falto de regulación para la preservación de la ciudad; para alcanzar la definición de la aMU-RRi con la legislación del modelo por la ciudad y sus adaptaciones autonómicas de medio urbano y que ayudará a la formación del nuevo paradigma urbanístico, basado en la función social del derecho de propiedad que nos hemos dado para la preservación urbana conjunta e integrada de eso que llamamos, la ciudad.AbstractThe integrated urban regeneration and renewal intervention (aMU-RRi) configures the new paradigm of urban intervention, with its joint and integrated character for urban preservation. To this end, it redefines the economic viability, affects the duty of preservation of the right of property and articulates a model of equistribution of distribution of costs that surpasses the urban planning guidelines that we have known.This paper constitutes a brief historical journey through the instruments and techniques that Spanish urban planning has provided for urban preservation: from an unviable and unsustainable classic urban planning model, through the sustainability model that it incorporated full sustainability and the statutory property rights regime, but that established an unviable general intervention regime in the existing city areas and also left a gap due to the lack of regulation for the preservation of the city; and finally up to the definition of the aMU-RRi with city preserving legislation and its regional adaptations and that will help the formation of the new urban paradigm, based on the social function of property rights that we have been given for the joint and integrated urban preservation of what we call, the city.
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Dukes, Thea. "The URBAN programme and the European urban policy discourse: successful instruments to Europeanize the urban level?" GeoJournal 72, no. 1-2 (June 2008): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-008-9168-2.
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Gralepois, Mathilde. "What Can We Learn from Planning Instruments in Flood Prevention? Comparative Illustration to Highlight the Challenges of Governance in Europe." Water 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061841.
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Studying the selection of planning instruments in flood prevention can be critical to gain a better understanding of governance. This choice is underestimated in the flood management literature. This paper fills a knowledge gap in flood management governance by examining the rationales for the choice of instruments. The study is grounded on a comparative illustration of planning instruments in flood prevention in three European countries: England, France and the Netherlands. Flood prevention through spatial planning is a specific example, as the implementation of the Floods Directive has reactivated the role of spatial planning in urban agglomerations. The choice of instruments is never neutral. In the field of flood management, alignment among strategies is supposed to lead to resilience. Instruments should be aligned and coherent. Is that the case? The article explains the challenges of governance configured by a conflict between the spatial planning policy steered by local authorities and the risk prevention policy led by national authorities. This model is further complicated by the tension between the preference for legal, technical or scientific instruments, and the difference in professional culture between planning and prevention. The selection of instrument shows that if their conflicts are exacerbated to debates on variables or parameters, it is because there is no political agreement on the balance between development and security.
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ULASIUK, Mikalai, and Carola NEUGEBAUER. "SHIFTS IN URBAN PLANNING IN BELARUS? EXPERIENCE FROM BREST." Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, no. 85 (2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2021.85.49-61.
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For long urban planning in post-Soviet Europe has missed scholarly attention in international urban studies, though it has changed fundamentally in the last three decades. The systemic upheaval in the early 1990s questioned the basics of the Soviet mode of modernist urban planning. The latter relied on the quantification and predictability of people’s needs, a strong state power and law enforcement through centralized planning, control and resources management (e.g. property). The latest since the 2010s, urban planning revives in the non-EU Eastern European states: ‘New’ urban planning instruments emerge; the so far sidelined citizens voice increasingly their interests; urban planning becomes an important arena for the contention and (re)production of both, the daily livelihood and the broader state-society relations often impregnated by (authoritarian) neoliberalism. The paper takes up this general observation and explores the example of Brest in Belarus. It reviews the local planning approaches (i.e. instruments, contents and processes) in Brest and discusses how they blend in the current EU and post-Soviet debates. The paper concludes that the Brest planning (re)produces a mode of gradual post-Soviet transformation: It displays a surprising familiarity with EU leitmotifs (contents) and principles (e.g. law enforcement and state subsidies) for urban planning. At the same time, it confronts with the benefits and constraints of maintained Soviet planning traits, e.g. with the high professionalism and the centrality of state planning hierarchies. The case of Brest reveals how local stakeholder alliances co-produce new opportunities for local urban planning and thus for an incremental change in Belarusian planning by engaging with the central state institutions as well as with the international debates.
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Tasan-Kok, Tuna, Rob Atkinson, and Maria Lucia Refinetti Martins. "Complex planning landscapes: regimes, actors, instruments and discourses of contractual urban development." European Planning Studies 27, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1598018.
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Jose Leveratto, Maria. "Urban planning instruments to improve winter solar access in open public spaces." Environmental Management and Health 13, no. 4 (October 2002): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09566160210439279.
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Pereira, Jersonildo Calderaro, and Maria do Socorro Almeida Flores. "O Fetiche do Planejamento Urbano no Município de Belém: o descompasso dos instrumentos públicos ## Urban Planning Fetishism in Belém Municipality: the backwardness of public instruments." Amazônia, Organizações e Sustentabilidade 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/aos.v9i2.2127.
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ResumoEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os planos diretores elaborados e implementados no município de Belém, Estado do Pará, com ênfase nos períodos pós-constituinte (1988), passando pelo Estatuto da Cidade (2001) e Estatuto da Metrópole (2015), para verificar se estes instrumentos públicos foram realmente utilizados pela administração pública como instrumento de gestão e planejamento ou se apenas corresponderam ao atendimento de formalidade legal, com o fim de abster-se de crime de responsabilidade na gestão pública. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando como método, a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental, abrangendo a elaboração dos dois Planos Diretores do Município de Belém, aprovado sem 1993 e em 2008, destacando um recorte de três mandatos eletivos distintos. Posteriormente, realiza-se uma análise comparativa do Plano Diretor e Plano Plurianual (PPA), com a Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e a Lei do Orçamento Anual (LOA), sob a ótica da execução orçamentária no município de Belém e sua aplicabilidade nas Ações Programáticas de cada governo, abordando os aspectos do saneamento ambiental, mobilidade e acessibilidade do transporte público e habitação social urbana. Conclui-se que os Planos Diretores e os demais instrumentos públicos PPA, LDO e LOA, não guardam sintonia entre si e comprometem a sustentabilidade da gestão pública, apresentando-se desconectados frente aos Programas e Planos municipais elaborados e suas reais execuções, frente às suas disponibilidades orçamentárias. AbstractThis research aims to analyze the master plans developed and implemented in the municipality of Belém, State of Pará, with an emphasis on the post-constituent periods (1988), including the City Statute (2001) and the Metropolis Statute (2015), to verify whether these public instruments were used by the public administration as an instrument of management and planning or if they are mere legal formalities, in order to abstain from a crime of responsibility in public management. The research was carried out using bibliographic research and documentary analysis as a method, covering the elaboration of the two Urban Development Plans carried out by the Municipality of Belém in 1993 and in 2008, highlighting a section of three distinct elective mandates. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the Master Plan and Pluriannual Plan (PPA) is performed, with the Budget Guidelines Law (LDO) and the Annual Budget Law (LOA), analyzing them from the perspective of budget execution in the municipality of Belém and its applicability in the Programmatic Actions of each government, addressing aspects of environmental sanitation, mobility and accessibility of public transport and urban social housing. It is concluded that the Master Plans and the other public instruments PPA, LDO and LOA, are not in tune with each other and compromise the sustainability of public management, presenting themselves disconnected from the Municipal Programs and Plans elaborated and their real executions, facing their budgetary availability.
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Leibenath, Markus, and Karina Pallagst. "Greening Europe?: Environmental issues in spatial planning policies and instruments." Town Planning Review 74, no. 1 (March 2003): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.74.1.5.
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Ashworth, Gregory J. "The Instruments of Place Branding: How is it Done?" European Spatial Research and Policy 16, no. 1 (September 29, 2009): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10105-009-0001-9.
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Place branding is the idea of discovering or creating some uniqueness, which differentiates one place from others in order to gain a competitive brand value. This article is not about the concepts or justifications but about how it is actually done at the local level, especially as part of broader conventional place management policies. Three main local planning instruments are widely used throughout the world in various combination in diverse places, each of which is described and exemplified here. These are first, personality association, where places associate themselves with a named individual, from history, literature, the arts, politics, entertainment, sport or even mythology, in the hope that the necessarily unique qualities of the individual are transferred by association to the place. Secondly, the visual qualities of buildings and urban design is an instrument of place-branding available to local planners. This could include flagship building, signature urban design and even signature districts. Thirdly, event hallmarking is where places organise events, usually cultural or sporting, in order to obtain a wider recognition that they exist but also to establish specific brand associations. Lessons are drawn from practice about the importance of combining these instruments and integrating them into wider planning and management strategies.
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Mihajlov, Vladimir. "URBAN DEVELOPMENT TOOLKIT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE: CRITICAL REVIEW OF STATE INTERVENTION IN PRAXIS." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 1, no. 3 (December 22, 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v1i3.26.
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This paper aims to review the various forms of state intervention in urban planning, and its purpose is to reconsider guidelines for solving problems in cities, caused by climate change.After World War II, urban planning was guided by centralized state management, in the scope of progress and social justice. State intervention was recognized as an instrument for creating new models of the city spatial organization. However, because of the new market conditions arising, the policies about Urban Development came in the focus again, in order to control global influences, mainly climate change (the costs of construction, environmental pollution and hazards). It is therefore necessary to return again to the public intervention in urban planning. This will not be easy, because it has to be consistent with democratic freedoms; some of them should be strengthened, and some limited to ameliorate the effects of climate change.In conclusion, the set of general guidelines is expected, in order to translate the policy measures for climate change mitigation, into the instruments urban development is controlled by. Therefore, the changes in defining of building codes are expected, as well as the standards for energy conservation and land-use control (zoning, taxes and urban regulations, etc.).
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JANSSEN, JOKS. "Religiously inspired urbanism: Catholicism and the planning of the southern Dutch provincial cities Eindhoven and Roermond, c. 1900 to 1960." Urban History 43, no. 1 (March 27, 2015): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000139.
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ABSTRACT:The discourse on twentieth-century urban planning has hidden from view the way religion (re)shaped the urban landscape. By analysing the interaction between urban development and Catholic politics in the southern Dutch provincial cities of Eindhoven and Roermond, this article argues that religious thinking, practice and institutions had considerable influence on urban planning. Religious views and ideas played an important role in the spatial transformation of these towns. The secular instruments of urban planning were used during the ‘pillarization’ period to emphasize the sensus catholicus of town and region, and to achieve the desired Catholic social and moral order.
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STREETING, MARK. "INSTRUMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT." Australian Planner 31, no. 1 (January 1993): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1993.9657598.
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Liu, Zhe, Pieter Uyttenhove, and Xin Zheng. "Moving Urban Sculptures towards Sustainability: The Urban Sculpture Planning System in China." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2018): 4802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124802.
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Following the continuous development characterized by large-scale constructions, Chinese urban development has shifted to the promotion of refined urban space quality. Urban sculpture, an important part of public arts, has been receiving increased attention in China as an important carrier for highlighting urban characteristics, culture, and history within cultural policies. As a type of cultural capital, it offers innovative methods to address the issues of economic, social, and environmental sustainability, in particular cultural sustainability. Interdisciplinary theories of urban planning are creatively applied to guide, coordinate, and improve the sustainable production of urban sculptures in China. This research was initiated to: (1) Illustrate how urban sculptures are produced through an urban planning system in the context of China; (2) explain what kind of influencing factors in relation to sustainability exist, mainly within the framework of planning strategies and cultural policies; and (3) put forward sustainable planning strategies to produce urban sculptures. To answer the above inquiries, we reviewed more than 100 articles, plans, and government documents, and we conducted several semi-structured interviews. The article argues that urban planning strategies and policies have been conceived as strategic instruments by the Chinese municipal governments to realize sustainable development of urban sculptures. Our findings would enrich knowledge on geographic studies of public art planning through the contextualized analysis of a Chinese urban sculpture planning system. It also fills the gap in the literature on the sustainability of urban sculptures by approaching the perspectives of planning strategies and cultural policies.
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Barton, Jonathan R., and María Inés Ramírez. "The Role of Planning Policies in Promoting Urban Sprawl in Intermediate Cities: Evidence from Chile." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 7165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247165.
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Urban sprawl has been studied principally as a phenomenon produced by a lack of or weakness in urban planning, as a consequence of real estate liberalization. This article examines the Chilean case, and proposes that the state has been the engine of this phenomenon through spatial planning instruments that have both neoliberal and neostructural features, and that are best defined by the concept, new public management. The analysis tracks urban sprawl in four intermediate cities, which have experienced high rates of growth since 2000, using photointerpretation of satellite images between 2003 and 2011, and the creation of a typology to define land uses and housing types. The results show that intermediate cities follow similar trends to the capital city, Santiago, and face similar problems, in particular the concentration of services in the urban core. These similarities are produced by the application of general planning instruments: Article 55 and Decree Law 3516. While most research on urban sprawl focuses on private agency, this article highlights the role of the state in its production. It is therefore relevant to explore the nature of public agency in urban sprawl processes in different metropolitan and intermediate cities, and how planning policies can be adapted to curb the phenomenon.
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Spaans, Marjolein, Leonie Janssen-Jansen, and Menno van der Veen. "Market-oriented compensation instruments: lessons for Dutch urban redevelopment." Town Planning Review 82, no. 4 (January 2011): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2011.25.
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Panciroli, Alice, Angela Santangelo, and Simona Tondelli. "Mapping RRI Dimensions and Sustainability into Regional Development Policies and Urban Planning Instruments." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145675.
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Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is an inclusive approach to the research and innovation process. Regional and local authorities are encouraged to take advantages of RRI in order to address the complexity of the interplay between science and society, especially as it affects territorial development policies. However, adopting the RRI approach is not an immediate or linear process. Consciously or not, many territories have already adopted policies and planning instruments that incorporate RRI, generating effects on the spatial scales. The aim of this study is to provide a methodology to map the inclusion of RRI dimensions (i.e., public engagement, open access, gender, ethics, science education) into regional development policies and spatial planning instruments, in order to detect integrated strategies and elements that are sustainable, open, inclusive, anticipative and responsive. The mapping methodology has been applied to three territorial pilot cases. The results provide the territories with a baseline to improve the integration of the RRI approach in their commitments to develop self-sustaining research and innovation ecosystems. Through the lessons learnt from the pilot cases, recommendations are drawn for the integration of RRI in spatial and urban planning policies and tools.
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BEJKO (GJIKA), Anila, Vezir MUHARREMAJ, and Laura GABRIELLI. "Planning and Financing Services in the City Through Land Value Capture Instruments the Case of Tirana New Bazar." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p360-360.
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Objective: This paper comes as a contribution to the discussion happening in Albania related to limited funding sources for providing urban services, especially at the city level. It aims to bring some ideas on how to finance the new services that the Albanian cities need outside general budgets, or avoiding the accumulation of additional debt for local governments (LGs). Methodology: The approach suggested in the paper is to first identify the beneficiaries of any proposed improvement in providing both facilities and services, and then explore methods, which can involve the direct beneficiaries paying for their part of the benefits. The paper focuses on analyzing and reflecting upon the experience of the Municipality of Tirana for building up/refurbishing the city new bazar, and uses this as a case study to discuss on potential financing of facilities and urban services through land value capture gains, and relevant social implications in the Albanian society. Results: A value based property tax should be introduced first in Albania, not only as the instrument that can guarantee real local autonomy, but also as a precondition for applying other land value capture instruments. To mention some of the most applied ones that could also be explored in the broad Albanian context: betterment charges/fees; tax on the increment on the value of land; inclusionary housing, land assembling and land readjusting, and tradable development rights. For all of them, a substantial revision in the fiscal/public finances legislation is needed in Albania, given the fact that the relevant planning and development of territory legislation has already introduced such instruments. But above all, and what is most important, the social implications of the proposed instruments should be further researched and addressed through appropriate regulations and processes. Conclusion: Through this paper I try to demonstrate the implications of planning and financing services in the cities through land value capture instruments in the context of Albanian cities and society. Being that investments on urban services and facilities are accompanied by increases in land value, it has the features for recovering the capital costs of urban investment, by capturing some or all of the “unearned” increment in land value resulting from the investment. To accomplish this, ‘novel’ financing mechanisms should be used – such as land value capture instruments (betterment fees, special taxes, development agreements, etc.), but their implications in terms of improving the social fabric in the cities should be considered.
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Nadler, Michael, and Claudia Nadler. "Promoting investment in sustainable urban development with JESSICA: Outcomes of a new EU policy initiative." Urban Studies 55, no. 9 (April 26, 2017): 1839–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017702815.
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Between 2007 and 2015, the European Commission invested €1.846 billion in a new policy initiative called JESSICA (Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas). Since European cities in particular have perceived a shortage of investment dedicated to urban regeneration projects, JESSICA will finance more than 2000 higher risk projects through Urban Development Funds as a financial intermediary in order to create economic stimulus. Moreover, replacing traditional grant funding by revolving financial instruments (loans, guarantees and equity capital) is a central part of the ongoing reform of EU cohesion policy. The special challenge of JESSICA is to combine these financial engineering instruments with integrated urban planning issues in a sustainable fund model. However, it is not yet clear whether this new policy instrument is as effective as European decision-makers believe, because up to now there has been no evaluation available on how successful JESSICA has been in achieving its ambitious objectives. Our empirical analysis is the first one to cover the impact of this innovative EU initiative in all 28 EU member states by making outcomes of the policy change measurable in monetary terms. Since revolving financial engineering instruments are a central part of the Europe2020 strategy, we derive key success factors for sustainable urban finance and give recommendations to adjust the policy instrument in the current programming period as part of the ongoing process of a reformed EU cohesion policy.
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Santos, Beatriz. "Improving Urban Planning Information, Transparency and Participation in Public Administrations." International Journal of E-Planning Research 6, no. 4 (October 2017): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2017100104.
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In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the involvement of citizens in all public affairs that is also extended to urban planning. Spanish Public Administrations have made important changes and progress trying to get urban and spatial planning closer to the citizen. Firstly, a significant effort has been made to generate knowledge services providing citizen access to urban planning information. Secondly, administrations try to involve citizens in urban planning through participation programmes by using the new channels that information and communication technology offers. This paper analyses different instruments and web-based participation systems implemented in Spain in order to check the result of these developments concluding that there is still a long considerable way to go since information and communications technologies offers a lot of options and tools to improve these processes.
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Muminović, Esad, Uroš Radosavljević, and Džemila Beganović. "Strategic Planning and Management Model for the Regeneration of Historic Urban Landscapes: The Case of Historic Center of Novi Pazar in Serbia." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041323.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of strategic planning as a sustainable tool for regulating both the protection and development of historic urban landscapes, as well as developing an adequate and effective strategic model and management instruments for implementation. The role and importance of strategic planning are examined in the context of global transformative actions in the urban governance of community and private sector engagement and sustainable development on the local level. We argue that a specific—tailor-made—integrated strategic urban planning approach could be a useful model, both for development and urban regeneration and for the preservation of protected valuable historic urban landscapes, thus contributing to a sustainable urban revival of wider surrounding territories including cultural, social and economic development. We stand on the position that the sustainable approach to the protection and revitalization of the historic urban landscapes has to be in line with the acknowledgment of specific local community values, contemporary needs, their involvement, and, eventually, their satisfaction. The case study method was based on the example of a protected historic center of Novi Pazar in Serbia to test the possibilities of applying strategic planning model and management for the implementation tailored to the local context. Eventually, the scenario method was applied to test the possibilities of a simulation of the strategic planning model and management instruments for a protected historic center. We found that the appropriate combination and utilization of regulatory, economic and informational management instruments have to be in place in the specific context. We conclude and draw out theoretical and practical remarks from our research that integrated strategic urban planning model should consider the logic and the functioning of the competitive real estate markets, and the sustainable environmental, economic and social effects, potentials and benefits for the locality where they originate, in order to be utilized as the new generative value both for the protection and for the revival of historic city centers. The paper develops a conceptual strategic planning and management model for the regeneration of historic urban landscapes that capture the physical, environmental, economic, and social effects and indicators of a given space. Based on this input, an adequate initial stage of the conceptual strategy by the authors of the paper was developed for the regeneration of the historic urban city center.
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Coutinho, Pedro Bettencourt. "Sustainable Planning of a New City in Mozambique." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2018.v15.n2.a9.
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Careful Land and Urban planning is of extreme importance in developing countries with fast growing population like Mozambique. Environmental Strategic Assessment (SEA) and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) are management instruments to early predict urban development potential impacts and risks, contributing to support the shaping of sustainable planning, and avoiding the social and environmental havoc of inadequate development. The objective of this paper is to present the contribution of SEA and ESIA in the planning process of a new major city in southern Mozambique, in Katembe district, facing Mozambique’s capital Maputo.The Katembe City’s environmental and social assessment process highlighted the environmental, socioeconomics and cultural particularities of this territory and identified the critical constraints for urban development. A preliminary assessment avoided major negative potential impacts, but required specific environmental and social detailed studies to be addressed in the new city’s partial urban plans. When these studies were completed the new urban detailed plans included all the necessary environmental requirements to avoid/mitigate flooding, coastal erosion, and biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation. It is expected that this experience will encourage the wider application of sustainable urban planning in shaping new urban areas in Mozambique and other fast developing countries.
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Wu, Fulong. "The state acts through the market: ‘State entrepreneurialism’ beyond varieties of urban entrepreneurialism." Dialogues in Human Geography 10, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820620921034.
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This commentary reflects on varieties of urban entrepreneurialism and rethinks its application to China. I argue that the state is proactively using market instruments for more strategic and developmental objectives in China. Characterized by ‘planning centrality, market instruments’, state entrepreneurialism manifests a different state–market relation: the state acts through the market rather than just being market friendly. In the post-crisis West, it is claimed that urban entrepreneurialism mutates into a financialized value extraction machine. Similarly, state entrepreneurialism reveals the usefulness but also the limits of the concept of urban entrepreneurialism. State entrepreneurialism adds a new narrative to the current description of governance changes associated with financialization and market operations.
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Keiner, Marco. "Indicator based controlling of cantonal guiding planning in Switzerland: A model for more efficient sustainable planning instruments at the regional level." Spatium, no. 9 (2003): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0309008k.
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In the actual Swiss cantonal planning practice every 10 years in general, there is a review of the guiding plan. The plan?s evaluation typically takes place shortly before the revision process. In the interstitial time, the guiding plan?s effectiveness can only be anticipated. In the review, a survey of both, the desired and unwanted spatial effects are often absent. As a result, a thorough analysis of the effects and the direction of the spatial development cannot be accomplished. A spatial plan that is geared to the principle of sustainability needs the outputs of such an analysis. Development assessments are required to verify the plans? effects, well-defined goals to assist in rectifying deviations, key indicators to identify efficiency potentials, and precautionary measures to allow for an adaptable and responsive planning methodology. The instruments, which might assist in the cantonal guiding plan objectives implementation, do exist. Such instruments are monitoring, controlling and benchmarking (with the support of indicators). These tools can assist in ensuring the plan?s overall value and the effectiveness and appropriateness of the ensuing development. By using these tools and a sound planning methodology, unsustainable spatial development can be tracked early and rectified with appropriated measures. The control as this system?s central instrument is presented here and its application opportunities in the cantonal guiding planning are discussed. In order to achieve a sustainable spatial development and a more dynamic guiding planning, the application of control and benchmarking is crucial.
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Balsas, Carlos José Lopes. "The Music World in Phoenix: Insights from a Cultural Planning Study where the Lights are Darkest and the Sounds Mute!" Philosophy of Music 74, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 1507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2018_74_4_1507.
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Music is an art form and a mean of expression and performance. The instruments utilized to produce musical sound are as varied as the sounds desired and the materials and technologies utilized to produce it. The memorialization and celebration of sounds (and instruments) in specialized museums, such as Phoenix’s Musical Instrument Museum (MIM), is simultaneously a philanthropic investment and a wealth creation strategy. Based on an in-depth analysis of MIM’s location, planning, operations and growth ventures, this article answers the research question of whether edge city cultural investments work against institutionalized urban revitalization political agendas aimed at partially reversing sprawl development tendencies. I utilize Petula Clark’s ‘Downtown’ and Pedro Barroso’s ‘Tanta Gente’ songs to compare and contrast an institutionalized urban revitalization vision with real estate strategies aimed at capitalizing on inexpensive land in the suburbs. I argue that MIM’s launch in north Phoenix in 2010 is marred in the practically mute unsustainable patterns of metropolitan development so common in the pre-2008–2009 crisis reality of the U.S. Southwest. The key finding is a set of implications at the intersection of cultural planning and environmental citizenship in North America and beyond.
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Louro, Ana, Nuno Marques da Costa, and Eduarda Marques da Costa. "From Livable Communities to Livable Metropolis: Challenges for Urban Mobility in Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073525.
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Urban mobility plays an important role in addressing urban livability. The complexification and dispersion of travel due to the improvement of transport and the multiplication of our daily living places underline the relevance of multilevel territorial planning, recognizing that the knowledge of local differences is essential for more effective urban policies. This paper aims (1) to comprehend conceptually how urban mobility contributes to the urban livability from the local to metropolitan level and (2) to assess the previous relation toward a livable metropolis based on the readily available statistics for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Hence, a triangulation between conceptual, political/operative, and quantitative/monitoring approaches is required. The methodology follows four steps: (1) literature review focusing on the quantification of urban mobility within the urban livability approach; (2) data collection from the Portuguese statistics system; (3) data analysis and results, using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by cluster analysis (CA); (4) discussion and conclusions. In Portugal, although it is implicit, consistency is evident between the premises of recent urban mobility policies and respective planning instruments, such as the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP), and the premises of urban livability as an urban movement. Focusing on the national statistics system, the available indicators that meet our quality criteria are scarce and represent a reduced number of domains. Even so, they allow identifying intra-metropolitan differences in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) that could support multilevel planning instruments. The results identified five principal components related to commuting at the local and intermunicipal level, including car use as well as social and environmental externalities, and they reorganized the 18 LMA municipalities into eight groups, clearly isolating Lisbon, the capital, from the others. The identification of sensitive territories and respective problems based on urban livability principles is fundamental for an effective urban planning from livable communities to livable metropolis.
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Masciarelli, Francesco. "Sustainable systemic urban planning: principles and trends." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.4118.
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The crisis of the urban environment is a systemic one, and it is due to a joint action of socio-cultural, politic, economic, physic and ecologic factors. It is also related to the progressive decay of communitarian sense and policy representativeness as generative factors of the city; to his economic bases transformation; to decentralization processes and loss of public spaces; to his increasing dimension and speculative land annuity phenomena; to his unsustainable energy needs and environmental impacts. Therefore, this crisis is summarizable as a systemical and sustainability one. But the crisis of the city is also due to the inadequacy of urban planning: the poor comprehension of city systemic nature and poor presence of sustainability measures, the formal rigidity of the top-down processes unable to manage the bottom-up self-organized transformations, lead to a lack of operability of its instruments. As a consequence, the perspectives of the study of the city have to be shifted from the urban structures to the related processes; from the urban components to the whole environment; from the juxtaposition of objects to social and cultural interactions. The most interesting trends in this direction seem to move toward urban regeneration processes through Digital Social Economy that, together with the use of Social Web Platforms, could make more publicly visible, shared and effectively participative the planning processes allowing a real involvement of citizens and communities. Aims of this study is to summarily describe these trends toward systemic urban planning processes, through the analysis of literature and examples, in light of a possible sustainable future of the human environmental system definable as city.
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Mendonça, Rita, Peter Roebeling, Teresa Fidélis, and Miguel Saraiva. "Policy Instruments to Encourage the Adoption of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Landscapes." Resources 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10080081.
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Urban landscapes are under great pressure and particularly vulnerable, due to climate change, population growth and economic development. Despite the growing understanding that Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) represent efficient solutions to facilitate adaptation to climate change and increase cities’ resilience, their wide-scale adoption is still limited. There is a need to include NBS in urban governance and planning agendas through policy instruments, such as plan/legislative, economic and information instruments. However, there is a lack of studies that assess such policy instruments and, through the use of specific examples, how they can foster NBS adoption. The objective of this study is to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review, using a bibliometric and a content analysis, collating and reviewing papers that consider policy instruments and NBS in order to: (i) assess the existence of policy instruments that influence the adoption of NBS; and (ii) evaluate the existence of specific examples of policy instruments. Results show that plan/legislative instruments are most mentioned, followed by economic and information instruments. However, examples of specific policy instruments being used in practice are still scarce in literature, as most studies remain theoretical.
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Acharya, B. P. "The Instruments of Urban Land Policy in India: Opportunities for Future Direction." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 11 (November 1988): 1427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a201427.
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India is noted for her initiatives on urban land-reform measures, and she has been experimenting with various forms of public intervention since the early 1960s, with a view to diluting some of the disturbing trends in the urban land-market, such as speculation, land-price increases, and skewed distribution of land. This paper is an attempt to compile the scattered information on urban land-policy in India, to describe the major instruments currently in practice, and to examine them critically in a comprehensive perspective. In this way, I assess their potential and the constraints they place, in relation to planned urban development, regulating land-supply, and smoothing the behavior of the urban land-market. It is found that, despite the great promises attached to the present instruments, most of them have so far demonstrated only limited success, mainly because of their conceptual limitations and their disjointed nature. I highlight the improvement possibilities of the instruments and point towards some innovative technique(s) of urban land-management, for future application. I conclude that it is necessary to have a comprehensive and integrated approach to the setting up of policy objectives and instruments, and to their coordination with national development policies.
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Schindelegger, Arthur, and Laura Sidonie Mayr. "Defining the ground for land-use-based direct public-value capture in Austria." Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print ahead-of-print (August 1, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2021.23.
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The discussion whether and how to capture the increment of land value has been present in academia and politics for decades. Only few countries have established comprehensive systems to calculate land values and introduce a regulatory basis to directly or indirectly capture increments linked to land-use planning decisions for the public good. This article elaborates the potentials of and barriers to implementing a land-use-based direct value-capture mechanism within Austria’s fragmented planning regime. The considerations are built upon an analysis of the existing framework and instruments linked to land value and planning to identify the context of constraints for an additional or replacing instrument. Based on a legal analysis and qualitative expert interviews, key aspects for linking value capture to land-use planning decisions are identified and conclusions drawn based on a recent discussion in Austria.
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Ngoc, Nguyen Thi. "Using Economic Instruments for Urban Environment Management in Vietnam." China Report 53, no. 3 (August 2017): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517711523.
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The environment and the economy are basic and inseparable elements. The environment is the locus and support for the activities of human life. These activities are related to the creation and supply of resources necessary for the economy. They generate large amounts of waste, while the load capacity of the environment is limited. When economic operations go beyond certain limits, then the environment cannot sustain them. This could lead to economic crisis on a global scale. The problem is how to protect the environment, maintain economic operations and improve the lives of human beings, or in other words, find the ways to harmonise environmental factors with the needs of the economy. Vietnam and other developing nations are facing serious problems of environmental degradation, especially in urban areas. Many solutions have been tried, of which the use of economic instruments has received much attention on the part of the government and leaders of Vietnam. This article focuses on the use of economic instruments in urban environment management in Vietnam. The objectives of this article are to explore how economic instruments are being used for urban environment management and to point out the issues and difficulties emerging in the process of using this tool to control environmental pollution and to improve the quality of the environment.
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Mitić-Radulović, Ana, and Ksenija Lalović. "Multi-Level Perspective on Sustainability Transition towards Nature-Based Solutions and Co-Creation in Urban Planning of Belgrade, Serbia." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147576.
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In recent years, nature-based solutions have been increasingly promoted as a climate change adaptation instrument, strongly advocated to be co-created. Achieving clear, coherent, and ambitious urban greening strategies, embedded in urban planning and developed in a co-creative, participatory and inclusive manner, is highly challenging within the EU enlargement context. In this article, such challenges are studied through two recent urban development initiatives in Belgrade, the Capital of Serbia: the first initiative focuses on planning the new Linear Park, within the framework of the CLEVER Cities Horizon 2020 project; the second initiative envisages the transformation of the privatised Avala Film Complex in the Košutnjak Urban Forest, primarily led by private interests but supported by the local authorities. The multiple-case study research method is applied, with an exploratory purpose and as a basis for potential future research on evaluation of co-creation processes for NBS implementation. The theoretical basis of this article is founded in the research on sustainability transitions, focusing on multi-level perspective (MLP) framework. The urban planning system in Belgrade and Serbia is observed as a socio-technical regime of the MLP. In such framework, we recognize co-creative planning of the Linear Park as a niche innovation. We interpret opposition towards planning of the Avala Film Complex as escalation, or an extreme element of the socio-technical landscape, comprised of civic unrests and political tensions on one side, combined with the climate crisis and excessive pollution on the other side. Moreover, the article examines informal urban planning instruments that can be implemented by the practitioners of niche innovations, that could support urban planners and NBS advocates in the Serbian and EU enlargement contexts to face the challenges of motivating all stakeholders to proactively, constructively and appropriately engage in co-creation.
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Mejía-Dugand, Santiago, and Marcela Pizano-Castillo. "Touching Down in Cities: Territorial Planning Instruments as Vehicles for the Implementation of SDG Strategies in Cities of the Global South." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 6778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176778.
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We discuss municipal physical-spatial planning instruments as vehicles for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in cities in the Global South. We do this by focusing on Medellin, Colombia, a city that has endured significant challenges–mainly related to poverty and violence–, but has attracted significant international attention due to its approach to territorial planning and its innovative application of new and existing legal tools to transform realities and repay historical debts with the urban poor. We performed a review of the most important documents related to SDG implementation in the country and the city, as well as Municipal Development Plans and legal planning instruments issued from 1 January 2016. The article maps active planning instruments and suggests the analysis, already from the diagnosis and formulation phases, of the linkage among strategies and projects, and SDGs, and the inclusion of SDG considerations in citizen participation instruments such as so-called Local Development Plans.