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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban policy-making'
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Čamprag, Nebojša [Verfasser]. "Urban Transitions and Regeneration: The Politics of Policy-making / Nebojša Čamprag." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229624341/34.
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Nicholds, Alyson. "Building capacity for regeneration : making sense of ambiguity in urban policy outcomes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3495/.
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UK regeneration exists amid a ‘burgeoning’ literature which states the ongoing desire to improve the outcomes of urban policy. However, concern about the symbolic nature of regeneration policy and its re-production in the form of ‘linguistic debates’, can latterly be witnessed in the context of more ‘discursive’ concerns rooted in shifting patterns of governance. Drawing empirically from research with fifty UK regeneration professionals and Laclau & Mouffe’s (2001) theory of socialist hegemony to explore reasons for the persistence of such ambiguity, three rival discourses emerge in the form of ‘Building City Regions’; ‘Narrowing the Gap’; and ‘Building Community Capacity’. What a critical analysis suggests is that by ‘deconstructing’ rather than ‘deciphering’ the goals of regeneration policy, a temporary ‘discursive’ form of regeneration emerges in which the contradictions and tensions within the discourse are represented in the form of ‘nodal points and floating signifiers’ and articulated through the notion of lack. This can be linked to the bureaucratic struggles which emerge as a result of a ‘new right’ hegemony, which commodifies all aspects of work and social life to bring market-informed ways of seeing and doing to every aspect of regeneration practice. Actors seek to manage such complexity through emotional investment.
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Gardiner, Chris. "Improving urban and regional policy-making using microdata from UK population censuses." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19220/.
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The United Kingdom's population censuses have been a vital source of information for the formulation of policy. This application of census data has been for spatial classifications from national down to sub-local authority levels. Traditionally the information from the censuses has been primarily in the form of fixed, predetermined tabular output. This has restricted the usefulness of the censuses for policy-making processes. The 1991 and 2001 censuses have provided data in a new format (microdata) which potentially overcomes many of the constraints inherent in earlier censuses. The sets of microdata are large samples of anonymised records (SARs) which contain over one million records of individual persons. The research undertaken by the candidate examined whether, and how, these sets of microdata could be successfully utilised by urban and regional organisations to improve the quality of information available for the formulation of their policies. In principle the sample sizes and ranges of variables available in the SARs, used in conjunction with appropriate analytical techniques, could provide a powerful mechanism to improve policy formulation. In practice a set of developments would need to be undertaken to maximise the effective utilisation of microdata for policy applications. The candidate has published a series of refereed research papers which have explored and developed some of the main aspects of this field of study. The research work required the identification, development and application of techniques which would be both valid with the data available and which would be simultaneously operationally useful to the policy-making agencies. In this context it is argued that the research has made original contributions to knowledge.
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May, James Michael. "Place-making on Main Street : society, design and policy in small towns." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68746.
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Matsuura, Masahiro 1974. "Localizing public dispute resolution in Japan : lessons from experiments with deliberative policy-making." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37604.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 423-435) and index.
Can consensus building processes, as practiced in the US, be used to resolve infrastructure disputes in Japan? Since the 1990s, proposals to construct highways, dams, ports and airports, railways, as well as to redevelop neighborhoods, have been opposed by a wide range of stakeholders. In response, there is a growing interest among Japanese practitioners in using consensus building processes, as practiced in the US, in order to resolve infrastructure disputes. Scholars and practitioners in the field of negotiation and dispute resolution, as well as policy transfer theorists, have raised concerns about cross-border transfers by referring to a variety of contextual differences between the "importing" and "exporting" countries. This dissertation investigates the relationship between the context and the introduction of consensus building processes from two perspectives: the adaptation of consensus building processes for the Japanese context and the organizational changes that seem to be required to allow processes from the US to work in Japan.
(cont.) Without process adaptation and organizational change, consensus building processes are unlikely to be helpful in resolving infrastructure disputes in Japan, considering the breadth and depth of the contextual differences -- in organizational, normative, and regulative realms -- between Japan and the United States. The Japanese context for infrastructure planning was investigated through in-depth interviews with 40 practitioners in Japan. In order to explore possible strategies for adaptation and organizational change, I have closely observed an 18-month pilot test of a consensus building process for road intersection improvements in Tokushima, Japan as an instance of adaptation and organizational change. My close observation of this experiment identified a range of creative adaptation. Based on these observations, I argue that process adaptation and organizational change must occur simultaneously when consensus building processes are transferred to a foreign location.
by Masahiro Matsuura.
Ph.D.
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Ison, Stephen G. "The policy process and urban road pricing : an incremental approach to decision-making." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7471.
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The issue of urban road pricing is currently receiving a great deal of attention. The subject matter has a long history, stretching back to the economic literature of the mid-19th century with a significant renewal of academic interest during the 1960's. Whilst the theoretical basis for urban road pricing has been cogently put forward, an apparent sound economic rationale does not, of itself, ensure political and public acceptanceH. ow then should decision-makingp roceed if the aim is ultimately one of implementing an urban road pricing scheme in the UK? As such, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the process of decision-making with respect to urban road pricing, to develop a theoretical framework for the subsequent empirical research undertaken on road pricing, and to suggest policy options, thus informing the development of policy and furthering the debate among policy-makers. In effect, an incremental approach to urban road pricing decision-making is proposed, which stresses that decisions are generally taken in small adjustments from the existing state of affairs and invariably necessitatet he attainment of agreementb etweent he various stakeholders. Two empirical methods are used in order to analyse this framework. First, a national survey of key stakeholder groups (most notably decision-makers), who have an interest in urban road pricing; and, second, a local case study based on face-to-face interviews with decision-makers who had first-hand experience of the first ever trial of an urban road pricing scheme in the UK - namely congestion metering in the city of Cambridge. This research finds that an incremental approach to urban road pricing decisionmaking is the most appropriate. In order to increase the acceptance of urban road pricing, schemes should be designed so that the various interest groups can gradually adjust to the changes in an incremental way by starting with policies that are currently in force and then considering only step-by-step change. It is still possible however, for change to take place beyond that envisaged by the incremental approach. For this to occur, it would require factors such as the existence of a policy entrepreneur, in situ, who is able to drive the process forward.
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Still, Benjamin Gordon. "Transport impacts on land use : towards a practical understanding for urban policy making." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/784/.
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The premise of this study was that transport impacts on land use are rarely given formal or adequate consideration in the strategic planning system in the UK. Therefore, this research examined current attitudes to transport impacts on land use, amongst a wide range of relevant planners, academics and consultants. It was found that there was little familiarity with either research into these relationships, or the methods that can be used to forecast impacts. However, there was acknowledgement that incorporating this relationship into planning processes is necessary in order to integrate fully land use and transport planning. The research therefore focused upon determining the necessary attributes of practical methods to examine transport impacts on land use. Three contrasting methods were applied to a single case study area (Lothian region). These were (1); a novel application of the Delphi technique, (2): an updated implementation of an existing static land use response model, and (3): a newly developed complex dynamic land use transport model. Each was used to examine the land use response from hypothetical road pricing and light rail transit schemes. These methods and their forecasts were then assessed using the views of planners in a further round of more complex in-depth interviews. From this several conclusions were reached. If transport impacts on land use are to be more commonly and formally assessed, then it is necessary to generate indicators that are directly relevant to the planners' needs. Examples of such indicators are discussed. Secondly, any method must be able to explain the forecasts in terms that are acceptable to the planners, in order to foster confidence in the method. The requirements for increasing confidence are examined, and comprise both technical and qualitative issues. Neither of these issues specifically requires new methods but rather, better targeting of, and education in, the existing available techniques. It was found that the planners favoured the more complex approaches, not for any increased accuracy that may be possible, but for the better interpretation of results that such methods allow. However, this complexity also requires a much greater understanding of the assumptions and processes in the model, in order to avoid drawing spurious conclusions from the results. Conclusions are drawn regarding the balance between confidence and complexity, and hence the practical value of these methods to strategic planning.
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Woodin, J. J. "The impact of inner cities policy on the local policy making process : a study of the Nottingham Inner Area Programme." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333167.
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Local Government has undergone ma.n;r changes in the past decade. Not least of these is its changing relationship with the organisations which lie outside its institutional boundaries. A particular focus of interaction between the Local Authority and other agencies has been Policy for the Inner Cities. This thesis examines the implementation of an Inner Area Programmein Nottingham and the changes in local policy making which have been associated with it. It argues that the implementation of the Inner Area Programmehas involved the development of closer relationships between statutory and non-statutory seotors, which oontain some corporatist fea.tures. Importantly, these changing relationships were identified not only by institutional features, but also by values and ideas, thus indicating an ideological dimension to corporatism. Other aspeots of the UP, such as its strategio and main programme components, and its requirements for momtoring and review, were not developed, despite the 1nitial stress on them at national level. . The Inner Area Programmewas implemented within an existing framewrk of trends and patterns, some of which reinforced the oonsultation emphasis' and interaction between sectors, while others mitigated the strategio and planning aspects of the policy. The inJeotion of the Inner Area Programmeinto the local policy makjng system in Nottingham illustrated the complexity of interactions between a national policy, local institutions and values, and underlying 'imperatives' to political action. Within this framework there was soope for the organisational choices which determined the particular fo:m of the Inner Area Programme in Nottingham.
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Stuntz, Andrew W. (Andrew William). "Transit fare policy : use of automated data to improve incremental decision making." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119275.
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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 218-224).
Incremental changes in fare policy can have substantial and long-term impacts on transit ridership and revenue, but they are often driven by near-term revenue needs and determined within short time frames with limited analysis. This thesis proposes a procedural framework to organize analysis of incremental fare changes, linking exploration of current pricing strategies to estimation of behavioral parameters and modeling of fare change scenarios. Within this framework, empirical case studies are presented at two of the five largest transit agencies in the U.S. - the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) and the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). These agencies have increased the price of passes relative to pay-per-use fares in recent years, motivating three particular applications that make extensive use of automated fare collection (AFC) data: 1) differentiating employer-based, pre-tax, automatically-renewing pass sales from other pass sales, 2) estimating cost sensitivity of both ridership frequency and fare product choice using only recent experience at a single agency, and 3) incorporating fare product choice in a traditional elasticity spreadsheet model to predict impacts of fare change scenarios. Passes sold through employer programs and online are found to have lower use than other passes, contributing substantially to revenue while increasing ridership; expanding these programs or extending tax benefits to all transit commuters could further increase revenue and ridership. Individual-level AFC data are used to estimate fare-related behavioral parameters: resulting MBTA elasticity estimates of -0.7 for pay-per-use and -0.5 for employer-based passes are higher than current agency assumptions of -0.25 and -0.15, use of a CTA 30-day or 7-day pass appears to boost a customer's ridership by up to 11% or 21% (respectively), and a CTA product choice model is estimated without reliance on stated preference data. A CTA fare model combining product choice and elasticities predicts substantial switching between fare products when pass multiples are changed, and a simplified model illustrates that passes should be priced below revenue maximization to capture low-cost gains in ridership. The procedural framework in this thesis applies to all transit agencies, and the empirical applications are relevant to agencies that collect AFC data and offer multiple payment structures.
by Andrew W. Stuntz.
S.M. in Transportation
M.C.P.
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Altayeb, Alhadi Khogali. "Evaluating the urban policy-making process in Egypt : informal settlements, poverty and urban management in the case of Cairo." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446363.
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Rodriguez, Miguel A. (Miguel Angel) M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Making schools the centers of communities : moving the Los Angeles Unified School District from policy to practice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37472.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
Schools often represent the largest, single community public infrastructure investment. In light of this, California's Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) is in a unique and critical position as it attempts to undertake the largest, single capital improvement campaign in the Nation's history. With a growing public investment of $19.2 billion for local schools, LAUSD's efforts create an opportunity to attract greater physical, programming and economic resources using a joint use school development approach. Through joint use development, LAUSD acts as a development anchor, driving community and economic development by leveraging resources from public and private entities. The benefits of joint use include greater overall project value; public investment maximizing; more efficient use of scarce community resources; and increased number of resources available to local communities. In order to achieve these goals, LAUSD recently adopted a formal Joint Use Program that lays out a strategy for identifying community resource needs, seeking out joint use opportunities, and outreaching to potential partners.
(cont.) Despite these efforts, however, joint use remains an incidental development activity that lacks full integration within LAUSD's overarching school development framework. Hence this thesis examines LAUSD's current Joint Use Program in context of its ongoing capital improvement campaign, policy development and past implementation efforts. Based on review of District reports, policies, independent case studies, and interviews, this thesis examines current implementation challenges and advances recommendations for improving LAUSD's joint use practice. Effective joint use school development holds positive implications for local communities: it can serve as a catalyst for community revitalization; as well as help to integrate schools and communities and make schools the centers of communities.
by Miguel A. Rodriguez.
M.C.P.
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Harding, Alan Paul. "Urban economic development programme under the Thatcher Governments 1979-87 : an analysis of public policy making." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334248.
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Tavanlar, Katrina D. (Katrina Domaoal) 1973. "Participation in policy and practice : conventional and deliberative roles for the public in water resources management and environmental decision-making." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70322.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-75).
Public participation plays an important role in environmental decision making and policy formulation. Federal and state agencies charged with the responsibilities of determining laws to manage environmental problems are mandated to include participation in their regulatory rulemaking. In most cases, public participation takes place in conventional forums such as public hearings, meetings, and workshops. These forums have limited capacity for true deliberation or discussion between the public and the government agency. In this conventional view, the competency of the citizen in the participation process should be questioned. Because the public may be ill informed or have a limited knowledge of technical and political information, decision making and policy making should be left to experts. Despite the prevalence of these conventional models, alternative models to standard practice have arisen and are currently utilized. These models incorporate greater deliberation and take the form of citizen advisory committees and mediated consensus building processes. Alternative models of participation acknowledge that the citizenry, because of their unique knowledge of local conditions and intellectual capacity to generate and formulate ideas and solutions, are essential to decision making and policy formulation. The CALFED Bay-Delta Program, created specifically to address the pressing environmental and water management problems in the San Francisco/San Joaquin Bay-Delta, espoused the virtues of new and alternative approaches to dealing with decades-old controversies and conflicting interests. In this thesis, I have compared CALFED's policies and strategies for public participation with their actual practice. In seeking to reconcile policy with practice, I acknowledge that CALFED has attempted to engage the public. But despite the acknowledgement and emphasis on alternative approaches that seek to resolve conflict, CALFED's strategies, in practice, adhere to conventional approaches. Deliberation in both public outreach forums and citizen advisory committees has been limited. When deliberation has been realized in the CALFED process, it has been in small, sporadic events that incorporate highly structured and facilitated processes.
by Katrina D. Tavanlar.
M.C.P.
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Mosby, Kim. "Frameworks of Recovery: Exploring the Intersection of Policy & Decision-Making Processes After Hurricane Katrina." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2421.
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This study seeks to understand how local and national newspaper articles and African American residents frame obstacles to returning to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. It explores how recovery planning processes and policy changes influenced the decision-making processes of African Americans displaced to Houston through a content analysis of the media and qualitative interviews with displaced and returned residents. The study shows the media and participants framed disaster recovery policies as creating opportunities and gaps in assistance that varied by location. Participants described how policy decisions that created gaps in assistance compounded the difficulty of returning for working- and middle-class African Americans. The findings suggest planners and policy makers need to consider how disaster recovery policy changes may intersect to create obstacles that impede residents' ability to return and rebuild after disasters.
Contact Dr. Mosby at kmosby517@gmail.com.
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Song, Junmin. "The making of a creative city : urban cultural policy and politics in the Digital Media City (DMC) Seoul." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80226/.
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This thesis crosses the research fields of cultural policy and urban design, and examines the policies and political contexts of a new globally significant experiment in creative city development: the Seoul Digital Media City (DMC). The DMC is a newly built urban district, intentionally structured as a creative cluster. This research investigation opens by considering the concept of 'creativity', and the way it has recently animated national policies for urban, economic, as well as cultural, development. Throughout this thesis, the ever-present conundrum of 'East-West' cultural interchange persists, and the thesis attends to the challenges for research in understanding how major Western policy trends (like 'creative city' and 'creative cluster') are received, adapted and implemented, all the while subject to the specific requiremenets of national Asian policy aspirations. The thesis traces the developmental trajectory of the DMC project, and in the context of explaining its rationale, it conveys the various ways in which the DMC articulates a confluence of political ideals. It presents the main discursive influences of the Creative City trend on South Korea and particularly the municipal government of its capital, Seoul. It explains the political and economic contexts on which Creative City discourse has gained traction, along with the significance of the subsequent 'Korean Wave' phenomenon. Largely from an engagement with the literature of the creative city discourse, this thesis articulates fresh criteria for an empirical analysis of the DMC, suitably contextualized by observations on the local contexts of Seoul city urban development and planning. These criteria are used in a case analysis examination of the DMC, which in turn generate further discussion on the implications for adapting Western Creative City policies. The central dimension of the case analysis concerns the assessment of the 'creative' content of the DMC, and the terms by which we can define the DMC as creative. The case analysis, however, demonstrates that 'creativity' in the DMC is both compromised and fraught with conceptual paradoxes, particularly with regard the issues of authenticity and identity. Nonetheless, the thesis suggests ways in which a substantive role for arts and culture could provide pathways for development.
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Kelly, Michael Patrick. "The implementation of policy : an examination of decision-making in practice; the erection of agricultural workers dwellings in North Devon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359800.
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McKenzie, Catherine. "Sustainable development, urban transport and urban theory : current positions, convergence and contradictions; a case study of transport and environmental policy-making in selected European cities." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286984.
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Wilks-Heeg, Stuart. "Globalisation and world city governance : internationalisation, urban politics and policy-making in London and Frankfurt am Main, 1986-96." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417294.
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Hammond, Daniel Robert. "Explaining policy making in the People's Republic of China : the case of the Urban Resident Minimum Livelihood Guarantee System, 1992-2003." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1580/.
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From 1992 to 2003 the emergence of the urban resident Minimum Livelihood Guarantee (MLG) system saw a major reconfiguration and expansion of social assistance in the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently two gaps in current studies of the MLG which this dissertation will address. First, detailed historical information on the MLG is lacking in the English language. Second, the focus of current studies on the effectiveness of the MLG has led to an implicitly rational explanation for the emergence and development of the policy. Such an explanation does not provide a satisfactory explanation for the MLG. Using Chinese language sources and interview data collected during two field trips to the PRC this dissertation uses four different periods in the MLG's development to argue that that explaining the programme requires a more complex approach. Drawing on insights provided by the China studies and wider political science literature I argue that the development of the MLG system has been a complex process which can be explained by using a synthesis of concepts. These are the role played by policy sponsors, a new concept developed in the dissertation, and policy entrepreneurs. Second, the continued importance of the structure of the Chinese state. Finally, the influence of feedback from previous policy decisions and outcomes. These three concepts are used to examine four significant stages of the MLG programme's development. First, the often overlooked emergence of the first MLG programme in Shanghai between 1992 and 1993 is examined. Second, the MLG's shift from a local innovation to a national policy from 1994 to 1997 is investigated. Third, the factors behind the significant expansion of the MLG between 1999 and 2003 are contrasted with more low key developments in the scope and delivery of social assistance. Finally, the concepts developed and applied to the MLG are taken and used to explain the emergence and spread of the Community Public Service Agencies in Dalian. I conclude that the synthesis of the policy sponsor and neo-institutionalist concepts provide a richer explanation of the MLG than that implicit in the existing literature.
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Palmer, Stephanie Elizabeth. "Understanding older people's use of public urban parks : informing future park policy-making in the delivery of an age-friendly city." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709691.
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This thesis examines the potential of the public urban park to contribute to addressing the challenges faced by an ageing society. The fundamental role of the environment to contribute to the prolonged health and independence of older people, a shift towards preventative health care, and the human health and well-being benefits to be sought from green space are realised. Through adopting a relational perspective, an emphasis is placed on the complexity of the older population, the need to better understand the older park user, and the requirement for an evidence base to inform the creation of better places to age. The study, therefore, seeks to contribute to an evidence base for future park policy-making and delivery, in the context of the Age-Friendly City movement. In doing so it contributes to a live policy debate. Qualitative and quantitative methods are employed with the focus on Northern Ireland, a rapidly ageing region, and more specifically Belfast, which recently joined the Global Age-Friendly City Network. Using structured unobtrusive participant observations and a park user survey across four sample parks in Belfast, the thesis analyses older people’s (65 years and over) use of and relationship with the urban park. Empirical analysis advances and deepens understanding of the diverse older park user population and their multifaceted park use. Principal Component Analysis identifies four older park user groups based upon the belief that individuals perceive the environment differently. The need for policy and decision-makers to develop the environment through the lens of the user is emphasised; in this case through a diverse ageing lens and user engagement. The policy framework within which the research sits is critically reviewed and reveals limited acknowledgement of the potential of the environment, and the park more specifically, to help address the ageing challenge. Semi-structured interviews with relevant agencies and organisations uncover a limited conceptual understanding of the older park user in practice. Additionally, a weak commitment under the Age-Friendly Belfast agenda to increase park use by older people is exposed. These issues are further explored in their broader context and reveal a number of challenges resulting from a complex and fragmented governance system. The findings, therefore, are relevant to broader debates relating to public policy. The thesis concludes with recommendations for policy and practice, and future research.
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Béal, Vincent. "Les politiques du développement durable. : Gouverner l'environnement dans les villes françaises et britanniques (1970-2010)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STETT093.
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Ce travail explore le rôle des enjeux environnementaux dans les transformations de l'action publique urbaine.Basé sur quatre études de cas (Nantes et Saint-Étienne en France, Leicester et Manchester au Royaume Uni),il analyse l'émergence des questions environnementales sur les agendas urbains et leur influence sur latransformation des politiques urbaines et des modalités de gouvernement des villes. En croisant lesperspectives théoriques de la sociologie de l'action publique et des travaux portant sur le gouvernement desvilles et l'économie politique urbaine, cette thèse montre que trois emblèmes se sont succédé dans la gestionurbaine de l'environnement : l'emblème "écologie urbaine" avec son cadrage militant dans les années 1970et 1980, l'emblème "développement durable" avec son cadrage entrepreneurial dans les années 1990 et2000 et, enfin, l'emblème « changement climatique » avec son cadrage néo-managérial depuis 2005. Cettepériodisation de la gestion de l'environnement en ville et de ses transformations souligne l'importancecroissante des villes en tant qu'échelles de régulation et de construction de la problématiqueenvironnementale. Toutefois, cette montée en puissance des villes ne s'accompagne pas du renforcementdes espaces publics locaux dans le domaine de l'environnement. Si on assiste bien à une recomposition desrapports politique/société, elle prend plus la forme d'une distanciation des liens entre élites politiques etsociétés urbaines. En participant au recentrement des activités des élus urbains sur la production despolitiques urbaines et au filtrage des acteurs considérés comme n'étant pas« responsables», les politiquesurbaines d'environnement accompagnent la mise en place de formes oligarchiques et post-démocratiques degouvernement des villesThis dissertation provides an analysis of the influence of environ mental issues on the transformation of urbanpolicy-making. Based on four case studies (Nantes and Saint-Etienne in France, Leicester and Manchesterin the United Kingdom), it examines the rise of environ mental issues on urban agendas and its influence inthe transformation of urban policies and urban governance. Built around three main theoretical perspectives- public policy analysis, urban political science and urban political economy -, this work shows that urbanenviron mental management has been shaped by three different emblems : the emblem of« urban ecology »with its grass roots frame in the 1970s and 1980s, the emblem of « sustainable development » with itsentrepreneurial frame in the 1990s and 2000s, and, finally, the emblem of « climate change » with its newmanagerial and control frame since 2005. This periodisation of urban environmental management stressesthe rise of cities as prominent scales of environ mental regulation and construction. However, this rise has notbeen synonymous of a strengthening of local public spaces around environ mental issues. It is argued thatthe reshaping of state/society relationships has led ta a gap between urban political elites and urbansocieties. By helping ta reshape political elites' activities towards the production of urban policies and tamarginalise actors who are not considered as «responsible», urban environmental policies have supportedthe roll out of oligarchie and post-democratie patterns of urban governance
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Silva, Thiago Canhos Montmorency. "Planejamento urbano e transporte urbano de carga: investigação de modelos de integração e aplicação do modelo Freturb em um recorte urbano em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-24082016-082153/.
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A efervescência da cidade moderna somente é possível devido ao deslocamento contínuo de pessoas e mercadorias. A movimentação de bens é trivial para a realização das atividades comerciais, industriais e de prestação de serviços. Sua demanda, entretanto, é condicionada pelos padrões de uso e ocupação do solo e adensamento urbano. Esta pesquisa aborda aspectos da relação entre o transporte urbano de carga e a estruturação das áreas urbanas no Brasil. O principal objetivo é analisar a influência mútua entre a logística urbana e o uso e ocupação do solo no desenvolvimento de áreas urbanas no Município de São Paulo. Dessa forma, foram identificados, selecionados e analisados abordagens, metodologias e modelos aplicáveis à análise e proposição de diretrizes que integrem os condicionantes de desenvolvimento urbano e de transporte urbano de carga. Um modelo selecionado, o Freturb, foi aplicado em um recorte urbano do Município de São Paulo. Localizada na região de Santa Cecília e Higienópolis, a área de estudo foi modelada, primeiramente, de acordo com a sua configuração urbana atual e, em seguida, com as suas predições urbanas para os anos de 2025 e 2030, conforme os parâmetros urbanísticos do novo Plano Diretor Estratégico de São Paulo, em vigor desde 2014. Os resultados da modelagem foram abordados, qualitativamente, sob três categorias, que organizam parâmetros de planejamento e que se inter-relacionam no ambiente urbano: Aspectos do Uso e Ocupação do Solo, Aspectos da Logística e Aspectos do Tráfego Urbano. O trabalhou comparou, ainda, os resultados da configuração urbana atual do recorte urbano de São Paulo, com áreas urbanas francesas, selecionadas no Centro de Lyon e no 4o. Arrondissement de Paris. Essa comparação permitiu analisar a relação entre a empregabilidade e a densidade de movimentos da carga, nas três regiões urbanas. O estudo revelou que a área estudada em São Paulo necessita de mais movimentação de carga e exige mais do viário urbano e/ou é suprida por sistemas logísticos menos organizados, em relação às duas áreas francesas. Ainda, o porte e o perfil do estabelecimento podem incrementar o tempo de carga e descarga em uma área urbana. Finalmente, as predições urbanas, de 2025 e 2030, motivadas pelo novo Plano Diretor Estratégico do Município de São Paulo, permitiram avaliar e compreender os possíveis impactos do adensamento populacional e de empregos na demanda por transporte urbano de carga. E, verificar os possíveis impactos associados, tais como incremento em paradas em \"fila-dupla\" e ocupação viária por veículos de carga.The effervescence of the modern city is only possible due to the continuous movement of people and goods. The movement of goods is trivial for of commercial, industrial and service activities. However, it is conditioned by the patterns of land use and urban density. This research approaches aspects of the relation between the urban freight transport and the structuring of urban areas in Brazil. The main objective is to analyze the mutual relationship among urban logistics and urban land use parameters on developing urban areas in São Paulo. Thus, applicable approaches, methodologies and models were identified, selected and analyzed, in light of their potential to support the integration of urban development and urban freight transport conditions. A selected model, the Freturb, was applied in an urban area in the city of São Paulo. Located in the region of Santa Cecilia and Higienopolis, the case study area was modeled, firstly, according to its current urban setting and then with their urban predictions for the years 2025 and 2030, according the new parameters of Master Plan of São Paulo, approved in 2014. The modeling results were classified and discussed accordingly to three aspects: Land Use Aspects, Logistics Aspects and Urban Traffic Aspects. The research also compared the results of the case study area located in São Paulo with other French urban areas, selected in the Center of Lyon and 4th. Arrondissement of Paris. Such a comparison allowed analyzing the relationship between the employability and the density of freight movements, in the three urban areas. The research revealed that the area in São Paulo requires more freight movement and urban road space and/or is supplied by less organized logistics systems, with regard to the latter two French areas. Also, the size and profile of the establishment can increase the loading and unloading time of operation in an urban area. Finally, the urban predictions, 2025 and 2030, motivated by the new Master Plan of São Paulo, allowed evaluating and understanding the possible impacts of population density and employment in demand for urban freight transport. And, they also allowed verifing the possible associated impacts, such as the increase in stops at \"double-park\" and road occupancy by goods vehicles.
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Ware, Danielle. "Data-Driven Decision-Making in Urban Schools That Transitioned From Focus or Priority to Good Standing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6384.
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Despite the importance an urban school district places on data-driven decision-making (DDDM) to drive instruction, implementation continues to remain a challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate how support systems affected the implementation of DDDM to drive instructional practices in three urban schools that recently transitioned from priority or focus to good standing on the State Accountability Report. The study aligned with the organizational supports conceptual framework with an emphasis on data accessibility, collection methods, reliability and validity, the use of coaches and data teams, professional development, and data-driven leaders. Through the collection of qualitative data from one-on-one interviews, the research questions asked about the perspectives on data culture and data driven instructional practices of three school leaders and nine teachers. The data were triangulated to generate a thematic illustration of content that was coded and analyzed to identify solid patterns and themes. Findings suggest that leaders create a data-driven school culture by establishing a school-wide vision, developing a DDDM cycle, creating a collaborative DDDM support system, communicating data as a school community, and changing the way technology is used in DDDM initiatives. Based on the findings, a project in the form of a white paper was developed, using research to support that when data is regularly used to hone student skills, a positive shift in overall teacher practices occurs. This shift provides the potential for positive social change when students have opportunities to attain academic goals, resulting in increased student achievement and higher graduation rates.
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Arjmandabbasi, Parisa [Verfasser], and Hans-Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Wehling. "Policy Making in the field of Urban Gardens and Agricultural Lands' Preservation- Case Study : Region 1, 2 and 18 of Tehran / Parisa Arjmandabbasi. Betreuer: Hans-Werner Wehling." Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076471811/34.
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Mueller, Natalie 1988. "Health impact assessment of urban and transport planning policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664239.
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Urbanization processes are ongoing. Some aspects of urban life such as a sedentary lifestyle, the risk of traffic incidents, high levels of air pollution, noise and heat, and a lack of green spaces can have detrimental effects on our health and well-being. Despite consensus that these exposures related to urban and transport planning affect our health, there is little quantification of these health risk factors in the urban context. Quantitative health impact assessment (HIA) can provide numeric indices of health risk factors and can inform the health benefit-risk tradeoff of public policies. The present thesis sheds light on the utility of quantitative HIA in urban and transport planning policies. Almost 3,000 premature deaths, over 50,000 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and over 20 million € in direct health care spending were estimated to be attributable to current urban and transport planning practices in Barcelona, Spain annually. The present thesis suggests that overwhelming motor transport fleets in cities need to be reduced through (1) the promotion of active transport (i.e. walking and cycling for transport in combination with public transport), facilitated by for instance the expansion of cycling networks and (2) the reinforcement of green spaces. Active transport together with green spaces, were assessed to provide considerable net health benefits through increases in physical activity levels and mitigation of motor transport-associated emissions of air pollution, noise and heat. The present thesis concludes that HIA is a useful tool for quantification of anticipated health impacts of public policies and more extensive application of HIA is encouraged.Algunas de las características de la vida urbana como el estilo de vida sedentario, el riesgo de sufrir accidentes de tráfico, los altos niveles de contaminación atmosférica, el ruido, el calor y la falta de espacios verdes pueden tener efectos perjudiciales en nuestra salud y bienestar. Aunque se sabe que estas exposiciones afectan nuestra salud, existe poca cuantificación de estos factores de riesgo en el contexto urbano. Las evaluaciones del impacto sobre la salud cuantitativas (HIA por sus siglas en inglés) proporcionan datos sobre los factores de riesgo en la salud e información del equilibrio entre beneficio y riesgo de las políticas públicas. Se estima que cada año casi 3,000 muertes prematuras, más de 50,000 años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALYs por sus siglas en inglés) y más de 20 millones de € de gastos directos en el sistema de salud que son atribuibles a las actuales políticas urbanas y de transporte en Barcelona, España. Esta tesis sugiere que el tráfico rodado en las ciudades necesita ser reducido mediante (1) la promoción del transporte activo (caminar, ir en bicicleta, transporte público), facilitada p.ej. por la expansión de la red de carril de bicicleta, y (2) con el aumento de los espacios verdes. Se estimó que el transporte activo y los espacios verdes proporcionan considerables beneficios netos para la salud a través del aumento de la actividad física y de la mitigación de las emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos, ruido y calor asociadas al transporte motorizado. La presente tesis concluye que la HIA es una herramienta útil para la cuantificación anticipada de los impactos en la salud de las políticas públicas y se recomienda una aplicación extensiva de esta metodología
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Murphy, Jennifer L. "School Psychologists’ Experience of Identifying Students With Specific Learning Disabilities In Urban Schools." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1605276941214278.
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Souza, Felipe Francisco de. "Um olhar crítico sobre a concessão urbanística em São Paulo: formulação pelo executivo, audiências públicas e regulamentação pelo legislativo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8200.
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The urban issue in Brazil was sanctioned by the Federal Constitution in 1988 and by the Federal Law of the Statute of the City, in 2001. After that, the development of municipal laws, related to comprehensive participatory plans and specific urban planning tools, has been brought out with the promise of confronting the social inequalities that are part of the urban scenario in Brazil. Given this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the process of making and regulation of an urban planning tool called concessão urbanística (urban grant, in English) at three different moments. First: considering its origin in the Executive estate, during the mayor Marta Suplicy’ management (PT – “Labor Party”, 2001-2004) and its inclusion in the Strategic Comprehensive Plan for São Paulo (2002-2012). Second: considering the mayor José Serra (PSDB – “Social Democracy Party”, 2005-2006) and the mayor Gilberto Kassab’s (DEM – “Democrats Party”, 2006-2008/2009-current) management strategy of promoting "revitalization” policies in the São Paulo downtown, through the Nova Luz project (New Light, in English), employing the concessão urbanística planning tool. Third, since the moment when the Civil Society’ discussions about concessão urbanística Bill (Bill 87, 2009) were first reported to the City Council until its approval by the Legislature (Law 14.917, 2009). By investigating this process, this study intends to contribute with an analysis on the concessão urbanística inclusion in the public government’s agenda, considering the strategies chosen by the Civil Society actors in order to influence the actions upon the Municipal Government. The goal is to achieve a better understanding of the restricted production of urban public policies in the democratic contexts of the postConstitution of 1988 and the post-City Statute of 2001.
A temática urbana no Brasil foi legitimada pela Constituição Federal em 1988 e pela Lei Federal do Estatuto da Cidade, em 2001. Depois disso, as formulações das legislações municipais, em relação a planos diretores participativos e à regulamentação de instrumentos urbanísticos específicos, têm sido acompanhadas com a promessa de um enfrentamento das desigualdades que integram o cenário urbano brasileiro. Esta dissertação pretende analisar, dentro do contexto supracitado, o processo de formulação e regulamentação do instrumento de intervenção urbana denominado “concessão urbanística”, considerando três momentos distintos. Primeiro: sua origem no Executivo durante a gestão Marta Suplicy (PT, 2001-2004) e sua inserção no Plano Diretor Estratégico de São Paulo (2002-2012). Segundo: a estratégia das gestões José Serra (PSDB, 2005-2006) e Gilberto Kassab (DEM, 2006-2008/2009-atual) de promover a “revitalização” do centro de São Paulo, por meio do projeto Nova Luz, utilizando a concessão urbanística. Terceiro: desde o período das discussões realizadas pela Sociedade Civil quando o projeto de lei sobre a concessão urbanística (projeto de lei nº 87 de 2009) foi enviado à Câmara de Vereadores até o de sua regulamentação pelo Legislativo (Lei Municipal nº 14.917 de 2009). Ao investigar esse processo, a dissertação pretende contribuir para a análise sobre a inclusão da concessão urbanística na agenda pública governamental, considerando as estratégias de atores da Sociedade Civil para influenciar as ações do Governo Municipal. O objetivo é alcançar uma melhor compreensão das limitações na produção de políticas públicas urbanas no contexto democrático pós-Constituição de 1988 e pós-Estatuto da Cidade de 2001.
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Taylor, Anna. "Urban climate adaptation as a process of organisational decision making." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27554.
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In a world that is increasingly urbanised, cities are recognised as critical sites for tackling problems of climate change, both by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the impacts of changing climate conditions. Unlike climate change mitigation, adaptation does not have one clear, commonly agreed collective goal. Governing and making decisions on climate adaptation in cities entails contestation over knowledge, values and preferences. Currently, the two dominant conceptualisations of adaptation are as cycles or pathways. Do these models adequately theorise what can be empirically observed in cities as to how climate adaptation is undertaken? Most research on urban climate adaptation emanates from the Global North, where political, scientific, economic and administrative systems are well established and well resourced. There is a dearth of empirical research from cities of the Global South contributing to the development of urban climate adaptation theory. This thesis contributes to addressing this gap in two ways. Firstly, by drawing on both conceptual and methodological resources from the field of organisational studies, notably the streams and rounds models of decision making, organisational ethnography and processual case research. Secondly, by conducting empirical case study research on three processes of city scale climate adaptation in Cape Town, South Africa, a growing city facing many development challenges where the local government began addressing climate adaptation over ten years ago. The three adaptation processes studied are: the preparation and adoption of city-wide sectoral climate adaptation plans; the creation of a City Development Strategy with climate resilience as a core goal; and the inclusion of climate change projections into stormwater masterplans. Data were gathered through interviews, participant observation, focus groups and document review, through embedded research within a formal knowledge co-production partnership between the University of Cape Town and the City of Cape Town government. Processual analysis and applied thematic analysis were used to test models of adaptation and decision making against data from the three case studies. The findings suggest that both the cycles and pathways models of climate adaptation inadequately represent the contested and contingent nature of decision making that prevail within the governance systems of cities such as Cape Town. Based on ethnographic knowledge of how Cape Town's local government undertakes climate adaptation, it is argued that the rounds model of decision making provides conceptual tools to better understand and represent how the process of climate adaptation in cities is undertaken; tools that can be used to enhance the pathways model. The study concludes that progress in adapting cities to a changing climate is currently constrained by both the problems and potential solutions or interventions being too technical for most politicians to deal with and prioritize and too political for most technical and administrative officials to design and implement. It calls for urban climate adaptation to be understood as distributed across a multitude of actors pursuing concurrent, discontinuous processes, and thereby focus needs to be on fostering collaboration and coordination, rather than fixating on single actors, policies, plans or projects.
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Lönegren, Lovisa. "The European Green Capital Award - Towards a sustainable Europe?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23912.
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Today a grand majority (around 80%) of the European citizens live in cities or towns. Europe is more urbanised than ever. Contemporaneously, climate change and global warming is an increasing threat worldwide. In 2006, the European Commission of the European Union (EU) therefore launched the idea of implementing the yearly European Green Capital (EGC) award. The aim was (and still is) to create role models by promoting cities that constantly take strong actions for the environment and thereby inspire other cities to make green choices too. In February 2009 the first two EGC winners were announced: Stockholm (Sweden) 2010 and Hamburg (Germany) 2011. The question is whether an award of this kind is the right method for the EU to deal with environment issues. If not, the EU should invest its resources elsewhere. This thesis aims at evaluating the EGC by looking closer at Stockholm as the EGC winner of 2010 and by analysing the impacts the EGC title has on Sweden’s EU Presidency the second half of 2009. The ecological modernisation theory reconciles economic growth and environmental protection, and provides several relevant features and aspects to this thesis regarding sustainable development, voluntary approaches and environmental policy-making. By applying the theory on the EGC many things such as the underlying visions and methods of the award can be explained and analysed. The conclusion of the thesis is that the EGC in some respects is leading to a greener and more sustainable Europe or at least has the potential to do so.
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Winter, William E. "Development decision-making in St. Louis, MO institutions, incentives, and urban development /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1221.
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Potyondy, Patrick Ryan. "Making, Preserving, and Redeveloping Public Housing in the United States." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461324499.
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Lazarus, Dayna J. "Making a Case for Equity Planning in Transportation Development: Identifying Indicators and Building a Framework for Hillsborough County, FL." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7840.
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The idea that planners should work toward an equitable society has been part of the profession since the 1960s, largely based on the work of planning theorists like Paul Davidoff, Sherry Arnstein and Norman Krumholz. Transportation planning, however, has been slower than other sectors of the profession, such as housing, to embrace equity planning concepts. That has begun to change as concerns about income inequality, environmental justice and climate change have become more salient. This thesis makes the case that in order to improve social equity outcomes, transportation planners must make social equity an explicit goal and add social equity performance measures and targets to their plans. The study focuses on Hillsborough County, Florida as a case study and analyzes the extent that transportation planning agencies in the county consider social equity in their plans and processes. The data on plans and processes will be compared to data on social equity outcomes related to the distribution of transportation benefits and burdens, and next steps to improve social equity outcomes in the County will be identified in the form of policy recommendations.
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Liu, Chunmei. "Déterminants d’un BLM (Building Life Management) dans les villes chinoises en se focalisant sur la maintenance." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2536.
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Cette thèse s’attache à identifier quelles sont les déterminants d’un Building Life Management (BLM) durable dans les villes chinoises, partant du constat de la courte durée de vie moyenne des bâtiments en République Populaire de Chine (PPC) et de son impact sur le développement durable de la PPC. Cette thèse se décompose en trois parties. La première partie permet de mettre en évidence les variables déterminantes du BLM en Chine. Dans cette partie, nous démontrerons que la maintenance des bâtiments est le principal levier d’un BLM durable. La prise de décision sous-optimale en matière de maintenance en Chine semble à ce titre la principale raison de la faible durée de vie moyenne du bâti. La prise de décision en matière de maintenance est un phénomène multifactoriel et complexe, influencé par les conditions économiques et politiques gouvernant les agents décidant la maintenance. La deuxième partie permet d’étudier les cinq leviers macroéconomiques fondamentaux encadrant la prise de décision des agents ; nous abordons également les leviers microéconomiques expliquant le comportement d’agents décisionnaires en matière de maintenance. A partir de cette étude, nous proposons une matrice d’analyse qui peut nous guider dans l’examen de la prise de décision en matière de maintenance et nous appliquons ce modèle sur trois archétypes de systèmes politiques - libéral, socialiste classique, mixte -. Dans une troisième partie, nous revenons sur le système politique de la Chine en analysant les spécificités du système foncier, du système fiscal, du système du Hukou, de la planification urbaine et du marché immobilier naissant. A partir de cette analyse, nous appliquons la matrice d’analyse précédemment présentée afin de comprendre les causes du sous-investissement en maintenance dans le contexte chinoisThis thesis seeks to identify what are the determinants os sustainable Building Life Management (BLM) in chinese cities, starting from the observation of the short average lifespan of buildings in the People's Republic of china (PPC) and its impact on sustainable development. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part highlights the determining variables of BLM in China. In this part, we demontrate thet buiding maintenance is the main lever of suistainable BLM. Sub-optimal maintenance decision-making is a multifactorail and complex phenomenon, influenced by the economic and political conditions governing the agents's decision on maintenance. The second part studies the five fundamental macroeconomic levers framing the decision-making of agents ; we also discuss the miroeconomic levers explaining the behavior of maintenance decision-making and we apply this model to three archetypes of political systems – liberal, traditional socialism, and mixed. In a thirs part, we return to the political system of China by analyzing the specifics of ownership of land, the tax regulation, the Hukou system, the urban planning and the emerging real estate market. From this analysis, we apply the analysis matrix previously presented in order to understand the causes of underinvestment in maintenance in the chinese context
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Jaffery, Zafreen. "Making Education Accessible: A Dual Case Study of Instructional Practices, Management, and Equity in a Rural and an Urban NGO School in Pakistan." PDXScholar, 2012. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/409.
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Two- thirds of Pakistan's primary aged children are enrolled in school and less than one-third complete fifth grade. Decades after the inception of the goal of primary education for all of its children, the state is unable to fulfill its promise of providing access to universal primary education. The failure of the government to provide for a system that ensures equitable opportunities for all of its children has resulted in individuals, for-profit organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) intervening to fill the void. In particular, international donor agencies (IDAs) have come forward to provide financial aid and personnel support for primary education. There is currently a dearth of research on the work of NGO schools in Pakistan, which leaves many unanswered questions about the role of NGO schools. Therefore, in this study, I examine the efficacy of not-for-profit, private schools managed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing quality education to primary school children in Pakistan. This study examined schools formed and supported by two NGOs in Pakistan and their impact on providing primary education. A dual case study approach involving a concentrated enquiry into two cases (a rural and an urban school) was used. The study focused on the following research question: How does an NGO school provide education to primary aged school children? Results corroborate previous key-findings that the NGO is the parent body which oversees management, provides training, mobilizes the community and generates the primary funds to run the schools. The study goes further to suggest that NGO leaders provide leverage and establish connections that are important for fund raising and creating opportunities for the schools to expand and work cost-efficiently. The rural NGO had created its own methodology for literacy instruction, which produced adult literate women who were then hired as primary teachers. In addition, it showed that the two schools use: (1) an eclectic approach to teaching which ranged from using public school's curriculum to local, contextually based materials to foreign British-based curriculum; (2) the shift in instructional strategies suggested movement from a behaviorist approach toward integrating constructivist methods of teaching; and (3) the flexibility in curriculum choices poses challenges as well as opportunities for growth for the teachers. These results help to frame future research by linking NGO school's instructional practices to those used in private and public school systems in Pakistan.
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Almeida, Adriana Ripka de. "Indicadores energéticos: instrumentos de apoio ao desenvolvimento sustentável." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1606.
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CapesOs indicadores energéticos são instrumentos de apoio a processos decisórios, sobre energia, e com a crescente discussão sobre desenvolvimento sustentável estes instrumentos passaram a incorporar informações socioambientais, além dos tradicionais fatores econômicos. Sendo assim, na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, torna-se relevante conhecer quais são as contribuições e limitações destes instrumentos. Com este fim, o objetivo geral é analisar as contribuições e limitações dos indicadores energéticos como instrumentos de apoio ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, utilizando levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Como resultado da análise documental foram selecionados 55 indicadores energéticos para o desenvolvimento sustentável (Energy Indicator Sustainable Development – EISD), sendo estes identificados a partir das instituições International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Helio International e World Energy Council (WEC), dentre 19 instituições ligadas à pesquisa sobre energia identificadas na pesquisa. Durante a análise, percebeu-se que a maioria dos indicadores selecionados, 19 EISDs (34,54%), se concentra na dimensão econômica, seguidos de 10 EISDs (18,18%) na dimensão ambiental, 9 EISDs (16,36%) na dimensão social, 7 EISDs (12,45%) são classificados em resiliência, 4 EISDs (7,27%) em governança, 3 EISDs (5,45%) em vulnerabilidade e 3 EISDs (5,45%) em política. Apesar da inclusão de indicadores ligados a outras dimensões, além da econômica, a qualidade da informação gerada pelos indicadores surge como uma limitação destes, pois, identificou-se que, em casos recorrentes, as informações geradas pelos EISDs podem ser interpretadas tanto de forma a favorecer o desenvolvimento sustentável quanto a levar a ações opostas a este objetivo. Ainda, foram identificados EISDs cujos componentes não foram especificados, o que pode possibilitar a geração de informações afastadas do cenário real, caso sejam utilizados componentes que não possuem relação com o EISD, ou mesmo a não utilização de componentes relevantes. Ainda assim, apesar das limitações, a existência de conjuntos de EISDs para auxiliar os tomadores de decisão é um fato que contribui na busca por desenvolvimento sustentável, e que deve ser aprimorado, pois a disponibilidade de informações envolvendo questões socioambientais, como emissão de poluentes atmosféricos, de solo e de água, resultantes de fontes energética, possibilita identificar quais fontes são mais, ou menos, prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Contudo, a dificuldade na coleta de dados, na identificação dos componentes para o cálculo de cada indicador e mesmo na interpretação deste, como destacado, pode não só deixar de contribuir com o desenvolvimento sustentável, como pode protelar a tomada de decisões corretivas ou preventivas.
Energy indicators are tools to support decision-making on energy. The growing debate on sustainable development, contributed to the energy indicators began to incorporate, besides the traditional economic, social and environmental information. Therefore, taking sustainable development into account, it is important to know contributions and limitations of these tools. The overall goal of this study is to analyze the contributions and limitations of the energy indicators as assets to support sustainable development.This study can be classified as descriptive because it relies on bibliographical and documental material. As a result of documental analysis, 55 energy indicators for sustainable development (EISD) were selected. The selection took place by identification of those indicators through the institutions International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Helio International and World Energy Council (WEC), among 19 institutions involved in research on energy identified in the survey. The study stresses that most of the selected indicators focuses on the economic dimension, 19 EISDs (34.54%), followed by 10 EISDs (18.18%) focused on the environmental dimension, 9 EISDs (16.36%) focused on the social issues, 7 EISDs (12.45%) are classified as resilience, 4 EISDs (7.27%) is about governance, 3 EISDs (5.45%) focused on vulnerability and 3 EISDs (5.45%) is about policy. Despite the inclusion of indicators associated with other dimensions than economy, information provided by those indicators emerges as their own limitation. Because, recently, indicators’ information were used to promote sustainable development as well as the opposite. Additionally, the study identified EISDs whose components were not specified. They may enable generation of information far from the real scenario, if components dissociated EISD would be taking into consideration or even the non-consideration of relevant components. Despite limitations, EISDs assisting decision-makers contributes to the pursuit of sustainable development. But they may be improved through information about environmental issues, such as emission of atmospheric pollutants, soil and water, resulting from energy sources, helps identifying which sources are more or less harmful for sustainable development. However, difficulty in collecting data, identifying the components for calculation of each indicator and even interpretation of this, as analyzed, may not only fail to contribute to sustainable development, as can delay taking corrective or preventive decisions.
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Čamprag, Nebojša. "Urban Transitions and Regeneration: The Politics of Policy-making." 2021. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/17565/1/Habilitationsschrift_Nebojsa%20Camprag.pdf.
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This cumulative habilitation thesis is composed of one book chapter and four peer-reviewed academic papers, written and published in the period between 2014 and 2019. In the focus is the phenomenon of urban regeneration, perceived as a consequence of socioeconomic and political transitions.
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Wang, Tzu-Min, and 王資閔. "The Making of Green Urban Space and Landscape: Taipei Municipal Government’s Recent Strategies and Policy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38449227889786192124.
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Ebrahim, Zayd. "New directions for urban policy-making in South African cities: the case of Joburg 2040." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23209.
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Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilment of the Degree:
Master of Management by Dissertation
Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management: Wits
School of Governance, University of the
Witwatersrand
2017The City of Johannesburg has produced five iterations of its City Development Strategy over the last 17 years with the latest CDS Joburg 2040, launched in 2011. This dissertation argues that the City of Joburg’s leading role in negotiating for developmental local government paved the way for long term planning at the local government sphere. CDSs prior to Joburg 2040 were developed as technical documents prioritising the needs of the municipal institution over citizens. Formulating Joburg 2040 epitomised a combination of economic and political conflicts taking place in the city. Joburg 2040 attempted to break the path dependence of urban growth and development by re-envisioning the imperative of urban transformation. Thus, Joburg 2040 attempted to emphasise a political imperative of an incoming leadership that was willing to listen and engage with citizens by coproducing a long term vision for the City. As participation has being ineffective in facilitating active involvement of the citizenry, participatory processes have served the needs of the municipality rather than citizens. Joburg 2040 was a politically championed process of developing a CDS that attempted to change that status quo.
MT2017
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Lo, Shih-Ming, and 羅世銘. "A Study on Pressure Groups Participated in Urban Plan Policy-Making Process of Local Governance." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84836588320663325473.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
93
After 1999, the urban planning policy was one of the local authoritys' accountability in Taiwan. In late twentith century, the public authority's have under such challenge such as golobalization, post-industrial society etc... In England, studies of governance based on the fragemented and multi-dimentional policy circumstance suggested the policy process are matter. Generally speaking, the concept of governance is broader than government. The most important part of the governance policy must be formed under the base of stakeholder's agreement. The pressure groups are one of the major elements of publuc policy formulation. One major research question of the study is how the participation of pressure groups and the urban planning policy formulation of local governance perspective. The Second is The Collaborative perspective of planning appeared in 1990 and the planning policy must fully communication rationale. Based on the local governance theory and collaborative perspective, the research intended to give some advice to local public authourity and planners. The broader the participation of pressure groups, the better of governance policy outcome.
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Davis, Kimberly Louise. "The Role of "Sense of Place:" A Theoretical Framework to Aid Urban Forest Policy Decision-Making." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1070.
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Urban forest management is being increasingly recognized as a viable policy vehicle for improving the overall quality of life in urban regions, promoting economic well-being as well as mitigating some of the environmental impacts of urbanization. As a complex system of ecological merit, the urban forest is ultimately dependent upon community-directed efforts to protect and maintain its health, largely through tree ordinances. An understanding of how values and other social factors trigger public concern for and management of the local urban forest is important because of ramifications of community urban forestry policy on regional ecosystem functional capacity. This dissertation investigates the influence of individual experience with trees, knowledge about trees, and tree-related attitudes and beliefs on public support for management strategies to protect the urban forest. Attitude theory forms the foundation of the empirical approach used in this study. Drawing from place theory, attitudes representing Sense of Place were hypothesized to also play a role in explaining variation in homeowners’ support of urban forest protection strategies. Data were obtained from a public opinion survey of 800 homeowners living in a major urban area in Southern Appalachia and joined with measurements of tree canopy density. Geographic information systems software was used to create measures of tree canopy density from Light Detection and Ranging data for varying aerial extents around the survey respondents’ properties. Theoretical constructs were formulated and deployed in structural equation models to test the validity of the hypothesized relationships among the constructs, representing predictors of public support for urban forest protection policy. The modeling results showed that place-based contexts are significant in the prediction of community willingness to support higher levels of urban forest protection. Findings from this study suggest that although the presence of urban trees in one’s neighborhood leads a homeowner to place greater importance on various attributes of trees, this does not automatically lead to support for strong tree ordinances. One also must have a basis of attachment to tree places, which is predicted by tree knowledge and experience with caring for trees around one’s home. In conclusion, limitations and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Oliveira, Beatriz Costa. "Studying cultural ecosystem services in a portuguese city: valuing people’s perception in local policy making." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/28423.
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This work is focused on studying cultural ecosystem services (CES) and mapping them in the Portuguese municipality of Almada in order to understand how to incorporate this knowledge in urban planning and environmental policy-making processes. Cultural ecosystem services are the “nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences” (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). CES sometimes can be more important to society when compared to material benefits, being their intangible and subjective features indispensable to human well-being and part of the structures and functions humans need and want. Some benefits of CES are the reduction of urban population stress, the development of concentration and cognitive capacities, the increase of physical activity, and the boost of social and health benefits for the population. CES studies benefit urban planning, design and management. This research aims to further assess the type of uses and the negative characteristics of urban green spaces (UGS) in this municipality. The main research objectives are to map the perception of citizens about the role of CES in Almada; to understand the different uses of CES in the urban green and blues spaces; and finally to understand how ecosystems services are considered in the spatial planning instruments and local public policies of the municipality in order to find opportunities for improvement and for strengthening the valorization of CES at the local level. The mapping was done through a social valuation method (participatory approach) with the use of a GIS online survey – PPGIS method to Almada’s residents. Hotspots maps and correlations analyses were done through statistical tests and QGIS heatmaps to understand better were CES, type of UGS uses and negative characteristics are located, correlations between CES and uses, and frequency of them. This research work allows to give new information to Almada municipality about their UGS and to provide some recommendations on how to improve planning and management of the municipality territory. Also, this research can be replicated in other municipalities with interests to improve their UGS management and planning.Este trabalho é focado no estudo dos serviços de ecossistema culturais (SEC) e na avaliação dos mesmos no município português de Almada com o objetivo de perceber a sua relevância para o planeamento urbano e os processos de políticas públicas de ambiente no município. SEC são os benefícios não materiais que as pessoas obtêm dos ecossistemas através de enriquecimento espiritual, desenvolvimento cognitivo, reflexão, lazer, e experiências estéticas. Os SEC por vezes são mais importantes para a sociedade do que os benefícios materiais que deles retiramos, sendo as características de intangibilidade e subjetividade o que os torna indispensáveis para as estruturas e funções que o ser humano precisa e quer. Alguns benefícios dos SEC são a redução do stress da população, o desenvolvimento da concentração e capacidade cognitiva, o favorecimento da atividade física, e a contribuição para o bem-estar social e para a saúde da população. Compreender e avaliar os SEC de uma cidade beneficia o planeamento, o design e a gestão urbana. Este estudo pretende avaliar os SEC e os diferentes tipos de usos e características negativas dos espaços verdes e azuis urbanos (EVU) deste município. As principais objetivos são: o mapeamento da perceção dos cidadãos sobre os SEC que usufruem em Almada e dos diferentes usos que disfrutam dos espaços verdes e azuis urbanos, e a compreensão de como os serviços de ecossistemas são considerados no planeamento urbano e nas políticas públicas em Almada de forma a contribuir para encontrar oportunidades para melhorar o planeamento e as políticas locais que valorizem os SEC a nível local. O mapeamento foi feito a partir do método de avaliação social (abordagem participativa) com o uso de um inquérito online GIS – método PPGIS aplicado aos residentes de Almada. Mapas de hotspots e análise de correlações foram feitas através de testes estatísticos e de mapas de calor com o software QGIS para compreender melhor a localização e tipologia dos SEC, os usos dos espaços verdes e azuis urbanos, assim como as correlações entre os SEC e os tipos de usos. Esta investigação permitiu dar nova informação ao município de Almada sobre os seus EVU e propor algumas recomendações para fortalecer o processo de planeamento e de políticas públicas do território. Esta investigação pode ser replicada noutros municípios com interesse em melhorar a gestão e o planeamento dos seus EVU.
Mestrado em Ciência Política
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Lin, Fang-Yu, and 林芳妤. "Policy Making and Practice of Urban Planning Toward Aging Society: A Case Study of Aging-friendly City in Taipei." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p42k6q.
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碩士國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
102
Because of the trend of aging society and urbanization, the proportion of elderly population in cities is increasing, and it must largely impacts on urban development. WHO proposed “Global Age-Friendly Cities Project”, and set up a global network to promote it. Taiwan also responded this trend to promote aging-friendly city project in every city. Reviewing the foreign planning policies and researches, I found that some countries would improve urban environment to be more aging-friendly by land use control. Taipei, as capital of Taiwan and the oldest city in five municipalities, is more challenging toward aging society in urban planning. Thus, there are two purpose of my research: 1. To explore how the trend of WHO aging-friendly city impacts on Taiwan, and the formation of urban planning policy and problems. 2. According to the identity and characteristics of Taipei, to analyze the urban planning issues of Taipei toward aging society, to promote respective strategies and suggestions on urban planning. This research found that the central authority of aging-friendly city project (Ministry of Health and Welfare) hopes Taiwan to be known as the most aging-friendly country in the world, and this affects Taipei city government to be eager to fininsh its aging-frienldy report to apply for WHO Global Network of Age-Friendly Citeis member in 2013, and it results in formalistic aging-friendly city project of Taipei. In all aspects of WHO 《Global age-friendly cities and communities: a guide》, deparment of urban development of Taipei city government is involved in “outdoor spaces and buildings” and “housing” aspects, and it just focuses on accessible design of building and universal design of housing ,without its most important function of allocation of city, and highlight the problem of cross-sectoral integration no matter Taipei city government and the department of urban development. Then, I separate the urban planning issues into three parts- public facility, open space, and housing, and review the urban planning issues of urban planning toward aging society with the existing researches and fieldwork and interviews of myself, and promote appropriate planning strategies and sugguestions of legislative amendments. This research is a preliminary research and the front of the comprehensive research in urban planning. I integrate and point out some key points that we should focus on in urban planning of aging-friendly city, and I also propose some suggestions for further researches which are also important but they couldn’t be executed in this research due to some limitations.
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Wang, Fong-Lan, and 王鳳蘭. "Information Integration Experiment of Urban Marketing and Investment Introduction --A Cognition Comparative Research of the Investment and Policy-making in the State/Private-run Facilities." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32999270667613173140.
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碩士國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
88
This study aims to start from the individual perspective and concretize the Diamond Model issued in the Competitive Advantage of Nations by Porter in 1990, and discuss the interior cognitive structure of investment policy of the state/private-run facilities from the cognitive psychology by means of information integration. In the aspect of private-run facility, it is an integrated pattern for the general investors to encounter diverse investment information, while the discussion of the sympathetic pattern in the marketing and investment introduction of government for state-run facility. After dedicated himself for more than forty years in studying Information Integration Theory, IIT, Anderon, an American scholar, found that in integrating diverse information, people stick to the three major patterns of Adding, Multiplying and Averaging. It was also certified that IIT has a positive impact in the interior and exterior efficiency in measuring the subjective essentiality and toleration of different sorts of information. Statistic is applied to this study in analyzing its algebra pattern for understanding the essentiality and integration pattern of investment factors and comparing the policy-making difference in the investment of state & private-run facilities so as to make it a reference for this expects that the marketing division of enterprise style government can control the thread of area economic under limited conditions and established a long-term developing urban environment through the thinking method of sympathetic pattern.
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Lourens, Karin. "The impact of 100kWh free electricity on meeting the energy needs of poor urban households." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25112.
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Energy poverty is a major obstacle to human development. Energy services supply the benefits that “trigger” wider social and economic changes and create the conditions for improving social equality and economic growth. The South African government has scaled up electricity access to its poor population to such an extent that 85% of the country’s population had access to electricity in 2017. Nevertheless, access to electricity is not the same as the ability to use it, as the poor find the price of electricity unaffordable. The government therefore embarked on a programme to provide households’ that they consider
‘indigent’ or ‘poor’ 50kWh of free energy. This is criticized by many as not being enough to sufficiently satisfy household energy needs. Even the generous supply of 100kWh electricity provided by the City of Tshwane and the City of Johannesburg municipalities is considered
to be insufficient. This study investigates the impact of the 100kWh free basic electricity subsidy on the energy use of the urban poor in the township of Soshanguve in the City of Tshwane municipality. It focuses on whether the 100kWh is enough to meet these household’s’ energy needs. The finding of the study is that the 100kWh FBE is enough to meet these households’ needs for lighting, some cooking and appliance use, but not for space and water heating.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Olivier, Anja. "Urban place making in Maputo: an investigation towards a contextually appropriate urban design approach." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24110.
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Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Urban Design to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017African cities are rapidly developing, and current planning approaches are often based on theory derived from the global North as opposed to research on the developing cities of the South. These approaches are often limited in relevance when planning and policy-making decisions have to be made in a much more diverse and dynamic urban environment of the developing South. The research on particular cities of the South, in this case Maputo, produced new layers of creative planning ideas with new shared theories as contribution to global planning. The research investigates place making through contextually appropriate urban design approaches within the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. Alternative approaches towards planning for (designing in) an African city were compared and reviewed to determine how contextually appropriate theory can be applied to develop a precinct plan for the upgrading and future development of the Bullring site in Maputo. The conclusion is a desk based urban design project for the selected site
XL2018
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Alfaro, Maria Belen. "Collaborative Decision-Making Processes in Planning: Opportunities and Challenges in the City of Rafaela, Argentina." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1103.
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There is a large body of literature in the planning field on the topic of collaborative processes of decision-making, particularly in the United States and Europe. However, there appears to be less debate on the subject of complementing these ideas with contributions from urban governance. This research aims to contribute to that complementary work. In order to accomplish that, this thesis presents first a theoretical analysis of collaborative rationality and urban governance contributions. This analysis focuses on the articulation of those aspects that can offer a more holistic framework for addressing urban issues in a more inclusive way. Second, it provides a case study that takes place in the City of Rafaela, Argentina. The case study consists of an assessment of the regulatory and institutional framework that affects planning and the exploration of two contentious recent processes. One of them is the ‘Downtown Revitalization’ project and the second one is the ‘Future use of the Old Bus Terminal’. Several interviews with key actors were conducted in order to gather the information, which was combined with public and media documentation available. These two processes help to understand how significant decisions regarding uses and renovation of urban space are made and the opportunities to implement more collaborative processes in planning. The results show that the combination of the aspects highlighted by both bodies of theory can help to better address conflicts that arise regarding urban space, while increasing citizen participation and addressing issues of inequality in the process of decision-making.
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(6615803), Ashley E. Rice. "Factors Influencing Indiana Residents' Level of Interest in Engaging with Purdue University." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
The land-grant university system was founded in the 19th century as a public means to help improve people’s everyday lives. A century and a half later, the challenges that the public faces to live a quality life are constantly changing, creating a need for the land-grant system to respond and adapt to continue to fulfill its mission. While the literature contains a wealth of conceptual papers addressing the role and mission of land-grant universities, relatively few papers could be found that reported empirical data or proposed and tested metrics for public engagement constructs. The current study sought to address this void in the literature through the investigation of factors influencing Indiana residents’ level of interest in engaging with Purdue University. Mail survey methods were used in which up to three contacts were made with adult members of 4,500 Indiana households identified through address-based sampling. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure adequate rural household participation for other project purposes. Usable responses were received from 1,003 households representing 87 Indiana counties for a total response rate of 26%. A theoretical perspective was developed from Public Sphere Theory and the social science writings of Jurgen Habermas and Alexis de Tocqueville. Descriptive findings revealed some to moderate concerns about community and social issues such as affordable health care, violent crime, pollution and prescription drug abuse. Moderate levels of anomie, or perceived social disconnectedness, were also reported by respondents. Several items tapped respondents’ past levels of interaction with and current perceptions of Purdue University. Nearly a fifth of respondents reported interacting with Purdue University by having visited a website for news or information, followed by interacting with a Purdue University Extension professional. Regarding perceptions of Purdue University, the results of this study revealed relative consensus among respondents that Purdue University makes a positive contribution to the state of Indiana through its educational, research and outreach programs. For a majority of the perceptual items regarding Purdue University, more than one-third of the respondents neither agreed nor disagreed with the statement, suggesting some areas in which the university might improve its reputational standing with Indiana residents in the future. Nearly one-quarter to about half of the respondents indicated interest in topical areas addressed by Purdue Extension programs as well as an interest in engaging with the university. Respondents reported the highest levels of interest in free Extension programs in their local area, followed by the topics of science and technology, health and well-being, and gardening.
A predictive model of respondent interest in engaging with Purdue University was developed and tested using binary logistic regression procedures. The model was shown to be of modest utility in accounting for variance in respondent interest in engaging with Purdue University, explaining 12% to 16% of total variance. Past interaction with Purdue University, perceived level of concern for social and community issues, and highest level of education were the strongest predictors in the model.
The current research was completed in 2019 as Purdue University celebrated its 150th anniversary. Results and implications of this study provide important insight into current engagement levels, concerns and perceptions of residents within the state of Indiana, whom the university is mandated to serve. One of the study’s primary contributions is the establishment of baseline engagement data on current levels of Indiana residents’ interest in engaging with Purdue University on selected topics. Findings from this study could be of benefit to university administrators, faculty, staff and Extension professionals in assessing and improving future programming and setting strategic priorities. This study also adds to the conceptual and empirical body of literature, which may help inform future public engagement efforts at other land-grant universities. Periodic social science and public opinion research is needed to keep pace with the changing needs and perceptions of Indiana residents. Different data collection modes should be utilized to reach more audience segments and add to the growing knowledge base of public engagement.