Dissertations / Theses: 'Urban Political Ecology'

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Locret-Collet, Martin Michel Georges. "Commoning our futures? : an anarchist urban political ecology." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7839/.

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One response to the increasing pressure of urban living is in the re-appropriation of public spaces and urban green to help sustain and enhance the environmental, social and cultural life of cities. But a major paradox arises here: while they are increasingly leaning on voluntarist discourses of sustainability, the pressure of privatization, the implementation of risk-based policies and the general principles of consumer-based urban economies only scarcely fit with the notion of common, public spaces, and hardly accommodate with the freedom of their users or their alternative or even subversive occupation. Using an explicitly anarchist analytical lens and based on extensive fieldwork in Birmingham and Belfast (UK) and Amsterdam (NL), this thesis uses an ethno-geographic approach, consisting mainly of documents and policy analysis, semi-structured interviews and field notes to replace urban green commons in their broader spatial, social and political networks. It demonstrates how sustainability is a consensual but ultimately undetermined political object. Emerging co-operative processes of environmental governance and stewardship are identified and traced to the development of a new category of actors and networks. The potential of urban green commons to foster more resilient, socially inclusive cities is assessed alongside the need for radically re-politicized urban environments.

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Pelling, Mark. "A political ecology of urban flood hazard and social vulnerability in Guyana." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263908.

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During the 1990s vulnerability analysis has brought political ecology into the study of hazards, and in so doing allowed the study of risk in society/environment relations to engage more directly with broader issues of social science interest. This approach acknowledges that hazards are the product of risk and vulnerability but focuses primarily on the ways in which social organisation influences the distribution of hazard impacts; when and where risk becomes hazard, who is affected. if and how people respond and the extent to which hazard events may provide opportunities for, as well as constraints on, society. The vulnerabilities approach rests upon two key conceptual tools, the Pressure and Release Model and the Access Model, which were designed for use in exploring a wide variety of stressful events. Their utility in an urban flood hazard context is, however, limited because of a lack of meso-level conceptual tools and models. This weakness was overcome by bringing in a range of tools from the urban management literature which can also be combined within a political ecology frame. For the 90% of the Guyanese population, resident on the Atlantic coastal plain. flood hazard as a consequence of episodic and everyday events is an ongoing problem manifesting in collective and individual vulnerabilities, and a problem which is likely to become more acute as a consequence of global climate change. This project sought both to identify superficial experiences of hazard and vulnerability, and the deeper human and physical processes producing risk and vulnerability. National level experience and vulnerability indicators were gathered from a review of secondary data from the press, consultants' reports and government and academic publications. Following this, the first stage of primary field research identified the extent to which vulnerability indicators were associated with observed vulnerability and flood impact in both urban and peri-urban case studies. The second stage of field research examined local social/political-economic relations and their role in directing the flow of resources for environmental management and, consequently, in shaping distributions of vulnerability within the case study areas. For households in peri-urban and urban neighbourhoods economic and social assets are shown to be equally important for shaping the distribution of vulnerabilities; however, for low-income groups, and for squatter communities in particular, social assets are often the key to mitigating vulnerability. The importance of social assets at the household level contrasts with the weakened condition of social capital locally, and within Guyana as a whole. Locally, the low level of social capital was seen in a withdrawal of households from communal activity and a preference for investing in flood adaptation mechanisms within the household or extended family, and by topdown constructions of community and unrepresentative and unresponsive leadership serving to deepen dependency and alienation from the decision-making process. At a national level, government and public institutions are weak and ineffective, the private sector and civil society are undeveloped with few inter-sectoral linkages being maintained. Failures in social development and the low level of social capital are identified as key determinants in the production of vulnerability despite democratisation and structural adjustment which has promoted both privatisation and the funding of community sponsored development.

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Goh, Kian. "A political ecology of design : contested visions of urban climate change adaptation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101368.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Environmental Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 281-311).
From the eastern seaboard of the United States to coastal cities in Southeast Asia, severe weather events and long-term climate impacts challenge how we live and work. As the debates over cities, planning, and climate change intensify, governments are proposing increasingly ambitious plans to respond to climate impacts. These involve extensive reconfigurations of built and "natural" environments, and massive economic resources. They promise "ecological security" and the perpetuation of capitalist growth. Yet they often involve intractable social questions, including decisions about how and what to protect on sites that are home to already marginalized urban residents. Scholarship on urban adaptation planning has tended to reinforce divisions between social and spatial, drawing a line between designed and engineered solutions and sociopolitical measures. It often assumes urban politics to be contained and cohesive. And it has relied on static conceptualizations of the city as a bounded territory, neglecting interconnections across networks and broader processes of globalization, urbanization, and geopolitics. This dissertation, on the urban spatial politics of climate change adaption, is posed as a conceptual and methodological counterpoint to the dominant discourse. Exploring what I call a political ecology of design, I investigate sites and strategies in three cities, New York, Jakarta, and Rotterdam. Looking, on one level, at city and national initiatives, including Rebuild By Design in New York, the "Great Garuda" sea wall plan in Jakarta, and Rotterdam Climate Proof, my dissertation also searches out alternate narratives, the "counterplans" - including community resiliency in Brooklyn and Manhattan, and grassroots design activism in the informal "kampungs" of Jakarta - and new global/urban networks - the multiscalar, multilevel connections through which urban concepts travel, transform, and embed. I focus on the contested visions, the interrelationships of local and global, and the role of design in urban adaptation. I ask, in the face of climate change and uneven social and spatial urban development, how are contesting visions ofthe future produced and how do they attain power? I ground my research in theories of sociospatial power relationships - the social production of space (Lefebvre 1991), urbanization and uneven development (Harvey 1985; Smith 1984), spatial justice (Soja 2010), and the geographies of policy mobility (Peck 2011; Roy and Ong 2011). I also look to theories of the interrelationships between social, ecological, and technological processes in and through cities (Bulkeley et al. 2011; Hodson and Marvin 2010). I develop a method of urban relational analysis to study disparate yet highly interconnected sites. On one level, this is a mixed methods study of multiple design strategies across different cities, combining semi-structured interviews with field and participant observation, and spatial and visual methods. On another, I build on frameworks for a more reflexive approach to case selection and analysis (Burawoy 2003; McMichael 2000) and a relational reading of sites - each understood through the others (Amin 2004; Massey 2011; Roy 2009). In Ananya Roy's words, "to view all cities from this particular place on the map." I find that, 1) in this new landscape of climate policy mobilities, urban adaptation projects, globally constituted, are reformatted by and to local urban sociospatial systems, 2) climate change motivates relationships, but plan objectives often transcend climate-specific goals, and 3) the production of alternative visions - "counterplans" - opens terrains of contestation, enabling modes of organizing and resistance to hegemonic systems. These findings emphasize the agency of marginalized urban communities, the sociopolitical role of design, and the embeddedness of climate change responses within multiple scales and levels of global urban development. They imply that planners committed to just socio-environmental outcomes engage across the range of urban scales and networks, and learn from critical social and political imaginaries and practices. I end with speculations on an insurgent, networked, urban ecological design practice.
by Kian Goh.
Ph. D. in Urban and Environmental Planning

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Beckwith, Laura. "When the Lakes Are Gone: The Political Ecology of Urban Resilience in Phnom Penh." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40406.

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This dissertation examines how simultaneous social-ecological transformations including environmental change, climate uncertainty and urbanization affect low income residents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Low income residents often reside in informal settlements which themselves inhabit marginal spaces in the city including roof tops, riverbanks, and land on the urban periphery. In Phnom Penh, many communities in the peri-urban zone depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Yet, this way of life is being compromised by changes to weather patterns, water quality and most pressingly urban expansion, as the wetlands they use to farm are being filled with sand to create new land on which to build luxury condos and expansive shopping malls. This thesis focuses on how low income residents, in particular urban farmers on the outskirts of Phnom Penh, live with and influence the ongoing social-ecological transformations that are shaping the city. I employ a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology, including interviews, focus groups and a household survey to examine how patterns of urbanization in the past 25 years have created situations of both social and ecological marginalization in Phnom Penh. I show how the changing legal framework of land ownership has influenced access to land and housing while analysing how urban farmers have responded to these changes. The following research questions underpinned the study: 1. How are low-income residents of Phnom Penh affected by the process of environmental change (including climate change)? How do other forms of socio-economic marginalization influence this? 2. What are the historical conditions that have shaped the present reality for low-income residents of Phnom Penh in terms of their vulnerability to environmental change? 3. How are low-income residents responding, individually and collectively, to the changes they are experiencing as a result of urbanization and environmental change? What are the outcomes of these actions? 4. How is the concept of ‘resilience’ being employed as a policy objective in Cambodia? Does the presence of a resilience agenda improve conditions for low-income residents facing challenges related to environmental change in urban areas? I combined the theoretical fields of resilience and political ecology, to take advantage of their complementary understandings of the interaction between humans and nature. This theoretical combination highlights the importance of scale, focusing on the loss of agricultural livelihoods at the village level while also acknowledging the role of national policy and politics in shaping the priorities of urban development. My use of political ecology focuses on issues of agency to show how farmers are actively employing strategies to sustain their failing crops, such as increasing the use of chemical inputs, which tragically further undermines their precarious finances as well as the ecosystem they depend on. Farmers deploy short term strategies in an effort to retain a foothold in the city in the hopes that their children will be able to leverage their education to pursue opportunities outside of farming. I further draw on discourse analysis to show how the term resilience is employed in policy and by government officials at the national level to frame climate change as a managerial problem which can be solved with technical solutions and external funding. I argue this obscures how problematic decisions such as the in-filling of urban lakes are caused, not by failures of capacity but by political priorities, aligned to the interests of wealth creation for a small elite. While resilience has been embraced as a policy priority in Cambodia, it has not translated into practices which protect urban ecosystems or lessen social inequalities.

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Bryant, Julia R. "Urban Farming in Atlanta, Georgia: The Seed of Neoliberal Contestation or Hybridized Compromise?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/51.

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The space on which the urban farm is produced has a history of its own that can be explored for evidence of neoliberal shaping and retooling. This thesis explores how the city and the farm are understood through the complex articulations of farmers and through the account of the specific historical and geographical context of the farm. The urban farm is a uniquely situated land use that can provide the spaces for contestation to the neoliberalization of the city and the United States food system. Through qualitative analysis, including a case study, interviews with farmers, participant observation, and archival data collection, this research examines the city and the farm from the perspective of the farmer to understand the degree to which these contestations are resisting neoliberalism. Furthermore, it suggests that scholars of neoliberalism and urban farming should more fully consider the hybridized nature in which urban farmers understand their work.

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Toteng, Elisha Nelson. "A stakeholder approach to understanding the political ecology of urban water resource management in Gaborone, Botswana." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274004.

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Benson, Livia. "Social and political aspects of urban ecology : Possibilities and constraints for civicactors to influence urban green area planning at Årstafältet, Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning (BIG), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37028.

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Answers to fundamental questions about pattern and process in the ecological and human world often comes from within the boundaries of one discipline or another, neglecting the relationships between the ecological and social systems. One manifestation of these relationships, which also forms the focus of this study, is conflicts over how to use urban green areas. Various scholars imply that civil society organisations and individual citizens can play an important role in articulating the ecological and social values that exist in much disputed green areas, and can therefore create a “protective story” to prevent exploitation. Following these implications and using a social network or social capital perspective, this study investigates a current conflict concerning Årstafältet, or the Årsta field, in Stockholm, which is suggested for exploitation, and focuses on the civic actors’ ability to participate in influencing the future of this green area. Although the conflict is still ongoing, the actors in the case study have at the present stage not been successful in protecting their green area. The results from interviews and participatory observations show the importance of accessing useful artefacts to incorporate into a protective story, and being able to present the artefacts in appropriate social arenas something that has been a limitation for the actors of Årstafältet. The actor groups’ ability to balance bridging and bonding social capital is also a factor that can have affected their success. The study further reveals a lack of democracy in the decision making process and suggest that public actors impede the participation of civic actors in contributing in the planning of urban green areas rather than facilitate their participation. In addition to highlighting some of the social and political factors that affect the emergence of green spatial structures in urban landscapes this study also establishes that the ecological perspective has been neglected in the case of Årstafältet. Following the results of the study a contemporary approach of studying urban ecology which includes attention on the mixture of social, political and ecological perspectives is encouraged for future research.

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Franklin, Remington Santiago, and Remington Santiago Franklin. "Toward an Urban Political Ecology of Energy Justice: The Case of Rooftop Solar in Tucson, AZ." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625284.

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A central challenge of the twenty-first century is to transition to a low-carbon energy system to reduce the risks of climate change. For Pima County, Arizona, where electricity accounts for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, this requires rapid deployment of grid-tied renewable energy resources. In light of this challenge, photovoltaic solar has emerged as an important solution, providing the top source of new US electric generating capacity installed in 2016. However, there is still no consensus about the optimal scale for solar (centralized power plants, or small, decentralized systems) and the socio-economic implications for low income households. This thesis explores the implications of rooftop solar for energy justice through empirical research about a southern Arizona electric utility rate case. Utilities argue that existing rate structures shift costs from solar owners to lower-income ratepayers, while critics say the utility's proposed rate changes are unjust and that rooftop solar benefits all ratepayers. Drawing on my empirical data and an urban political ecology (UPE) approach, I analyze competing narratives that speak to three types of justice: distributive, procedural, and recognition. While dominant justice claims revolve around the distribution of costs through rates, competing narratives emphasize procedural and recognition (in)justice. Focusing on political economy, power relations, and the materiality of the grid, I reframe the utility’s cost shift argument as a strategic narrative and explain why this justice claim is ultimately validated. I propose that UPE can further an energy justice analysis by understanding procedural and recognition injustice as systemic products of rate of return regulation and the material configuration of the electric grid.

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Benson, Livia. "Social and political aspects of urban ecology : Possibilities and constraints for civic actors to influence urban green area planning at Årstafältet, Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Biology Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37028.

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Answers to fundamental questions about pattern and process in the ecological and human world often comes from within the boundaries of one discipline or another, neglecting the relationships between the ecological and social systems. One manifestation of these relationships, which also forms the focus of this study, is conflicts over how to use urban green areas. Various scholars imply that civil society organisations and individual citizens can play an important role in articulating the ecological and social values that exist in much disputed green areas, and can therefore create a “protective story” to prevent exploitation. Following these implications and using a social network or social capital perspective, this study investigates a current conflict concerning Årstafältet, or the Årsta field, in Stockholm, which is suggested for exploitation, and focuses on the civic actors’ ability to participate in influencing the future of this green area. Although the conflict is still ongoing, the actors in the case study have at the present stage not been successful in protecting their green area. The results from interviews and participatory observations show the importance of accessing useful artefacts to incorporate into a protective story, and being able to present the artefacts in appropriate social arenas something that has been a limitation for the actors of Årstafältet. The actor groups’ ability to balance bridging and bonding social capital is also a factor that can have affected their success. The study further reveals a lack of democracy in the decision making process and suggest that public actors impede the participation of civic actors in contributing in the planning of urban green areas rather than facilitate their participation. In addition to highlighting some of the social and political factors that affect the emergence of green spatial structures in urban landscapes this study also establishes that the ecological perspective has been neglected in the case of Årstafältet. Following the results of the study a contemporary approach of studying urban ecology which includes attention on the mixture of social, political and ecological perspectives is encouraged for future research.

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Dodman, David. "Nature, power and participation : an exploration of ecology and equity in Kingston, Jamaica." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d5094173-3b73-482f-b5ac-9e2847cd85ab.

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Kingston is a city facing serious environmental challenges. In common with other Third World cities, these have usually been documented from the perspective of affluent and powerful urban residents. Very little research has explored the spatial and social distribution of environmental problems in the city, or has examined the ways that individual citizens from a variety of backgrounds understand the urban environment. These problems have often been packaged as discrete issues, when in fact they cannot be understood or alleviated without knowledge of their economic, political, and cultural aspects. Urban environmental problems require political solutions that address uneven power relations and ineffective structures of urban governance. In this thesis, I address these issues in Kingston through an application of the themes of nature, power and participation. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore the ways in which urban residents from different age, gender and class backgrounds construct the city and its environmental problems. The knowledge of marginalised individuals and groups is placed in the foreground and is used to provide an alternative analysis of Kingston’s ecology. These understandings are then used to assess critically the structures of urban governance, and to suggest possible changes that could be made to these. The research confirms that there are significant environmental problems in Kingston, and that these have serious negative impacts on many urban residents. It shows that these problems are understood differently by the various social groups within the city, and that the burdens of environmental problems vary socio-spatially across the Kingston Metropolitan Area. Despite this, there is a general consensus that environmental improvement is desirable. However, for this to be achieved there need to be fundamental alterations in the social structures and political organisation of the city.

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Sampaio, Danusa Teodoro. "Sustentabilidade territorial urbana : uma análise conceitual." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7243.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The emergence of the term "sustainability" practiced in the world from the 80 end has been replaced by an extensive design, based on the appropriation and politicization that academically involved in the maturation studies in order to provide a more defined space for discussion of theory and practice in public policies aimed at sustainability. The main objective of the research was to analyze the concepts of urban sustainability and identifying convergences and divergences found in the literature. The general strategy used research was the literature review for this study have probing nature on a theme still insufficient, especially with regard to different approaches to territorial urban sustainability. The general steps of the research are: 1 choice of authors who discuss the terms of sustainable development, sustainability, political ecology, rural urban sustainability, moderate environmentalism, until reaching the border of interest, territorial urban sustainability; 2- analysis of the terms and concepts discussed by each author; 3- analysis of the discussion advance in chronological order; 4 collation and analysis of convergence of discussions between authors; 5- analysis of the differences in terms and concepts. They were used as evidence sources to consult the books, electronic articles, academic papers, magazines and other materials of literary sources published in tangible media and intemet, able to bring relevant information to the realization of this study. The results refer to: 1- analysis of how each author appropriated the terms and concepts; 2- definition of each concept discussed; 3- discussions of convergence of identification; 4- advance the discussions in chronological order; 5- amflise divergences between authors, terms and concepts. The results indicate that the use of terms and concepts allows derivations as each form of ownership and still have the other dimensions of lifting sustainability can be discussed, but that are not easily identified in the literature.
O surgimento da expressão “sustentabilidade” praticado no mundo a partir do final da década de 80 foi substituído por uma concepção extensa, baseado na apropriação e na politização, que academicamente implicou no amadurecimento de estudos com o propósito de proporcionar espaços mais definidos para discussão da teoria e da prática dentro de políticas públicas voltadas a sustentabilidade. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi analisar os conceitos sobre sustentabilidade urbana e identificar as convergências e divergências encontradas na literatura. A estratégia geral de pesquisa utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, por este estudo ter natureza de sondagem sobre um tema ainda insuficiente, especialmente ao que se refere às diferentes abordagens sobre sustentabilidade urbana territorial. As etapas gerais da pesquisa são: 1- escolha dos autores que discutem sobre os termos desenvolvimento sustentável, sustentabilidade, ecologia política, sustentabilidade urbana rural, ambientalismo moderado, até se chegar ao termo de interesse, sustentabilidade territorial urbana; 2- análise dos termos e conceitos discutidos por cada autor; 3- análise do avanço da discussão seguindo uma ordem cronológica; 4 agrupamento e análise das convergências das discussões entre autores; 5- análise das divergências entre termos e conceitos. Foram utilizados como fontes de evidências a consulta a livros, artigos eletrônicos, trabalhos acadêmicos, matérias de revistas e outras fontes literárias, publicadas em meios tangíveis e na intemet, capazes de trazer informações relevantes para a concretização deste estudo. Os resultados obtidos referem-se a: 1- análise de como cada autor se apropriou dos termos e conceitos; 2- definição de cada conceito discutido; 3- identificação de convergências de discussões; 4- avanço das discussões seguindo a ordem cronológica; 5- amflise das divergências entre autores, termos e conceitos. Os resultados indicam que a utilização de termos e conceitos possibilita derivações conforme cada forma de apropriação e ainda apresentam o levantamento de outras dimensões da sustentabilidade que podem ser discutidas, mas que não se identificam facilmente na literatura.

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Hirsh, Curtis Dean. "The geography of desire : an ethnography of an urban green movement Austin, Texas 1990-1999 /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Sadoff, Natasha Kimberly. "Hyper-development, Waste, and Uneven Urban Spaces in Panama City." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430838775.

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Lang, Reinisch Luciana. "Once there were fishermen : social natures, environmental ethics and an urban mangrove." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/once-there-were-fishermensocial-natures-environmental-ethics-and-an-urban-mangrove(2f80518e-95bc-4362-93b5-4502594638a5).html.

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This research looks at the change in ethical sensibilities towards a mangrove in a fishing colony in the periphery of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and at how they may have changed as the mangrove became a protected area and entered the environmental assemblage. Formerly called Z-1, this was the first of 800 cooperative fishing colonies founded along the Brazilian coast in 1920 as part of a government initiative. The study unveiled the following pattern around the mangrove: from being a source of livelihood and place for communal activities up until the 1970s, it became the locus of an environmental movement in the 80s and 90s after it was devastated by a big fire. The concrete outcome of the movement was the creation of the APARU, Area of Environmental Protection and Urban Regeneration, which meant that after more than seventy years under a system of tutelage by the Navy, the colony and the mangrove were subjected to an environmental form of governance administered by the City Council, and the mangrove went from being a taken-for-granted thing to an environmentally-oriented concept. It finally fell silent and isolated as it became increasingly polluted, even if ‘protected’ by a municipal decree. The main argument presented is that, as the mangrove passed from nature to environment, which implied a change in governance from the Navy to the Department of Environment, people found creative ways of holding on to its thingness, and to ethical values that at times conflict with the broader environmental assemblage. Those local ethics forge the links that sustain an ecological assemblage, and the ethics prescribed by the environmental governance currently in place can be undermined by more embedded values. That said, local knowledge and practices are environmentally informed, and different ways of being political emerge. This community was not only created literally on a mangrove, but it was also symbolically and politically reproduced through the mangrove, and even more so after it became a protected area. The dialectical outcomes of the relationships between human beings and the mangrove, and between human beings as they multiply, transform the landscape continuously, just as the mangrove in its perpetual unfolding impresses itself upon human matters and sustains the social ordering of things. As new elements are assembled around the mangrove, from discarded utensils to stories of environmental activism, the mangrove is enacted as heritage, as nature, as a biome, as culture, as pollution, as an institution, and as environment. This thesis hopes to contribute towards the broader body of literature on environmental anthropology, political ecology, and anthropology of moralities, by focusing on ‘human-disturbed environments’ (Tsing 2013) and bringing attention to the value of local perceptions in policy making.

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Foster, Alec. "EVERYDAY IDENTITIES, EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS: URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHIES OF PHILADELPHIA." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/396150.

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Geography
Ph.D.
This study examines the environmental identity processes of Philadelphians involved in volunteer local everyday urban environmental stewardship through tree plantings and prunings, urban gardening, and neighborhood cleanups. A hybrid theoretical framework for environmental identities that simultaneously incorporates structural, discursive, and material concerns through the ground of everyday life was adapted from the political ecology of the body developed by Hayes-Conroy and Hayes-Conroy (2013). Three qualitative methodological techniques were performed: in depth interviews, participatory observation, and neighborhood walking tours. Results highlight the emotional and affective connections that participants held with their neighborhoods, neighbors and other participants, and trees and other nonhuman others.
Temple University--Theses

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Kumagai, Yutaka. "Taking back the city : Citizen participation in urban planning in Dublin, Ireland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169419.

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As we find ourselves in the midst of a planetary trend towards urbanisation, we must acknowledge that urban spaces are linked in a network of metabolic consumption and production that impact not only those recognised as ‘urban dwellers’, but are incorporated into a global structure. Ireland is no exception, with development centred around Dublin, a ‘primate city’ with a vastly larger population than others in the region. Dublin’s Inner City areas have in recent decades been marked by a series of large-scale interventions aimed at reconstituting a new vision of Ireland as a global, modern city home to a tech-savvy workforce. Yet as Dublin explores its post-recession identity as a hub for investment in tech and finance, its urban population continues to grow in ways that are seen to disenfranchise existing Inner City communities. This study explores the perceptions of residents of Inner City Dublin engaged in urban planning processes, in the hopes of making manifest the goals and desires driving participation through various channels, both formal and ‘radical’. A case is made for the city as a site of a post-political condition by questioning the role and efficacy of official consultatory channels, as well as in contrasting held imaginaries presented by interviewees and those presented by official planning documents. Attempts by Dublin City Council to market Dublin as a ‘creative’ city, intent on monetising aspects of cultural identity as a global competitor intent on drawing investment and foreign talent is considered representative of post-politics, contrasted by urban residents’ desires to safeguard the existence of vibrant communities within the Inner City who now risk exclusion.

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Alexandra, Carla. "Reimagining the city through art : Tactics, opportunities and limitations from Experiment Stockholm." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132078.

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The transformation of cities is a challenge of global significance that will depend on the capacity to re-imagine the potential of cities, and thus needs more than standard technocratic urban planning approaches. Deep engagement with the arts provides one avenue for recasting the future of cities. This thesis explores the question of how ‘critical urban art interventions’ develop alternative ways of knowing urban nature, and the opportunities and limitations of using art to reimagine the future of cities. By drawing on urban political ecology and cultural geography, the thesis documents and explores the aims and tactics used in five urban art interventions to reimagine sites of urban nature in Stockholm. Qualitative interviews and participant observation were carried to explore these questions. Findings suggest that tactics used in urban art interventions promote embodied ways of knowing, and simultaneously interacting with the physical and socio- historical constructions of sites of urban natures.

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Scarrow, Ryan Matthew. "Hothouse Flowers: Water, the West, and a New Approach to Urban Ecology." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471483922.

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Moore, Sarah Anne. "THE POLITICS OF GARBAGE: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN OAXACA, MEXICO." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2006. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukygeog2006t00412/etd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2006.
Title from document title page (viewed on May 31, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 155 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-153).

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Kooy, Michelle Élan. "Relations of power, networks of water : governing urban waters, spaces, and populations in (post)colonial Jakarta." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/867.

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This thesis documents the genealogy of the development of Jakarta’s urban water supply infrastructure from 1873 (the inception of the first colonial water supply network) to the present. Using an analytical framework of governmentality, supplemented by insights from postcolonial studies and political ecology, the thesis explains the highly unequal patterns of water access in Jakarta as the product of (post)colonial governmentalities, whose relations of power are expressed not only through discursive categories and socio-economic relations, but also through material infrastructures and urban spaces. The thesis presents material from the colonial archives, Jakarta’s municipal archives, and the publications of international development agencies and engineering consultancy firms. This is combined with primary data derived from interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation of the implementation of current pro-poor water supply projects in Jakarta. This data is used to document how water supply is implicated in the discursive and material production of the city and its citizens, and to challenge conventional developmentalist and academic analyses of water supply access. Specifically, a conceptual triad of water, space, and populations – produced through, but also productive of government rationalities – is used to explain two apparent paradoxes: (1) the fragmentation of access in Jakarta despite a century of concerted attempts to develop a centralized system; and (2) the preferences of lower-income households for non-networked water supply, despite its higher cost per unit volume. This analysis hinges on an elucidation of the relationships between urban governance and urban infrastructure, which documents the interrelated process of differentiation of types of water supply, water use practices, populations, and urban spaces from the colonial period to the present. This, in turn, is used to explain the barriers being encountered in current pro-poor water supply development projects in Jakarta. The thesis thus makes a contribution to current academic debates over the ‘colonial present’. The contribution is both theoretical – in the emphasis placed upon the materiality of governmentality – and empirical. Finally, the thesis also makes a contribution to the urban and development studies literatures through its reinterpretation of the urban ‘water crisis’.

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Deisinger-Murray, Alexander. "Whose Right to Urban Nature? A case study of Old Tidemill Wildlife Garden in Deptford, south-east London." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169427.

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This exploratory research project explores the production and use, and subsequent closure and eviction of the community-designed and managed Old Tidemill Wildlife Garden in Deptford – a predominantly working-class area in south-east London. This community garden played a key role in the lives of many local residents and its closure and subsequent demolition to make way for a large housing project drew a significant backlash from local residents which included protests, law-suits, and the occupation of the garden itself. Why this small, half-acre community garden garnered such a notable response is the main focus of and motivation for this research project. Using a combined-methods approach consisting of semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this research investigates what it was about Old Tidemill Wildlife Garden which resulted in this backlash, and why the local council’s decision to close it drew such a militant revolt from local community members. Combining the empirical results of this research with a deep inquiry into the concepts of space and power within urban theory, this thesis seeks to understand the rights working-class communities have to contribute to the production of public green space, and how such community-led contribution can impact on the space produced, both inside and outside the context of Old Tidemill Wildlife Garden and its former users.

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Williams, Joseph. "Tapping the oceans : the political ecology of seawater desalination and the water-energy nexus in Southern California and Baja California." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/tapping-the-oceans-the-political-ecology-of-seawater-desalination-and-the-waterenergy-nexus-in-southern-california-and-baja-california(58750cb5-0c7c-4cfb-a3bd-8bef8ce21984).html.

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Notions of connectivity and relationality increasingly pervade theories, discourses and practices of environmental governance. Recently, the concept of the 'resource nexus' has emerged as an important new framework that emphasises the interconnections, tensions and synergies between sectors that have traditionally been managed separately. Part of a broader trend towards integrated environmental governance, nexus thinking rests on the premise that the challenges facing water, energy, food and other resources are inexorably connected and contingent. Although presenting itself as a radically new framework, the nexus discourse in current form is techno-managerial in character, profoundly de-politicising, and reinforces neoliberal approaches to environmental governance. At the same time, the 'material turn' in social science research has re-engaged ideas of social, political and material relationality to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of the socio-natural condition in the twenty-first century. Although theoretically and ontologically diverse, the fields of political ecology, assemblage thinking and infrastructure studies all critically interrogate the politics of relationality. Mobilising an urban political ecology framework, and drawing on notions of emergence and distributed agency from assemblage thinking, this research examines the politics of the water-energy nexus through a critical analysis of the extraordinary emergence of seawater desalination as a significant new urban water supply for Southern California, USA, and Baja California, Mexico. Research was conducted in the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan region, where a large desalting facility has recently been completed to supply San Diego with purified ocean water, and a larger 'binational' facility is planned in Mexico to supply both sides of the border. The research makes three broad contributions. First, to understand desalination as emerging from the historical coproduction and urbanisation of water and energy in the American West. Second, to examine the transitioning environmental politics concomitant with calls for greater understanding of interrelationality. And third, to interrogate the efficacy of technology in reconfiguring the co-constitution of water, energy and society.

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Wong, Yu Hin. "Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Hong Kong, 1997-2014 : towards an urban biopolitical immunology." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-h5n1-in-hong-kong-1997--2014-towards-an-urban-biopolitical-immunology(dde69f59-8dd0-48ee-819f-c5ef98d3b0b1).html.

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The thesis traces the successive urban responses made by the Hong Kong government from 1997 to 2014, in an attempt to achieve “imagined immunity” for the city. The urban responses being analysed are efforts to regulate the ways in which “live poultry” (especially live chickens) is metabolized and circulating in the city. The efforts are made to re-order the human-birds-microbes relationships in Hong Kong - a process conceptualized as “re-urbanization of nature.” The consequence of these re-urbanization of nature processes, led to changes in the specific practice of consuming “live poultry” in the city. Four periods of re-urbanization of nature are identified in the analysis, and it is argued that in each wave of restructuring there were markedly different frames constructed to generate distinctive meanings of the “contagion condition,” imagined urban immunity, and practices of re-urbanization of nature. Their meanings and resultant practices were products of negotiations, within an entangled web of human and nonhuman features in particular periods. The context of these interventions and the biopolitical contestations are analyzed in the thesis. It is then argued that such contingencies and context-sensitive processes, call for further studies of post-epidemic urban changes. The thesis also explores the possibility of developing a theoretical framework of “urban biopolitical immunology” to accomplish the inquiry. By so doing, it seeks to contribute to studies of the politics of contemporary epidemics, and to research on the production of urban nature.

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Butler, Olivia. "Let's Do Away with Urban : Autoethnographic Adventures in Stockholms län." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182403.

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The spatial categorisations of urban and rural are still used in academia, lay terminology and policy formation in spite of a postmodern obsession with the deconstruction of binaries. Hitherto, the urban rural dichotomy has been exposed to little scrutiny, and the critiques that have been made come from the epistemological standpoint of total urbanisation which assumes the rural will be effaced by a perennial urban sprawl. The rural urban dichotomy is a derivative of the larger ideological dualism of nature and society and it has long been postulated, particularly from the standpoint of political ecology, that in the Anthropocene, nature does not exist beyond human influence. This would, in theory, support the theory that rural space is becoming effaced. Previous studies have, however, demonstrated that this subjugation of the rural to the urban works to stigmatise rural populations and engender disenfranchisement that has led to a resurgence in far-right nationalism across much of Europe. This subjugation has been enforced through this very urban norm in which both technocrats and academics favour the urban as a field for policy formation and research. When attempting to define the urban and the rural, it was found that the terms (a) are confused and confusing, evading any useful definition; (b) perpetuate a false neutrality that assumes a linear progression from rural to urban and (c) fail to recognise the complexities of space which resists binary distinctions. As such, I used Lefebvre’s spatial trifecta which suggests space is produced by three complimentary and contradictory processes: of perceived space (the material space of what we can actually see and touch, altered by seemingly banal everyday practices), conceived space (the (re)representations of space that are circulated by planners and technocrats) and lived space (the affectual space of emotion, memory and meanings) in order to think through the problems of the binary. As such, this thesis aimed to explore whether the urban and the rural still function as legitimate spatial categories and, in doing so, used an emplaced, embodied and mobile exploration of five case studies within Stockholms län in order to explore the phenomena. This was appropriate as it mirrored the affectual potential believed to be induced through rural and natural landscapes. Indeed, by developing a methodology that can better account for lived space, we can attempt to dislodge perceived and conceived spaces as the more easily accessible conceptual framework for thinking through space. The findings showed that there were many different species of urban and rural spaces, many spaces that were both urban and rural and many that were neither. Indeed, an acquiescence of purportedly rural and urban features within purportedly urban spaces, and vice versa, was the most telling result in terms of disrupting the idea that the urban and rural are stable but antipodal spatial categories. I also found the rural to be a coterminous process that produces space with and against urban landscapes, and thus should not be subjugated.

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Desvallées, Lise. "Problématisation, politisation et mesures de résorption des vulnérabilités énergétiques : entre droit à l’énergie et contrôle des pratiques des pauvres à Porto et à Barcelone." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1010.

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50 millions d’Européens rencontrent des difficultés financières pour se chauffer, cuisiner ou éclairer leur logement. Les ménages qui se privent de ces services faute de revenus suffisants, qui consacrent une part importante de leurs budgets à ce poste de dépense, sont en situation de vulnérabilité énergétique. La législation européenne requiert des États membres qu’ils établissent des politiques de mesure et de résorption du problème. Cet objectif est complexe parce que la vulnérabilité énergétique est au croisement d’un ensemble de facteurs saisis par des politiques sectorielles distinctes : le prix de l’énergie, l’efficacité énergétique des logements, les aides sociales.Cette thèse pose la question des conditions d’émergence du problème des vulnérabilités énergétiques dans les agendas publics nationaux et locaux en mobilisant une approche d’Urban political ecology. L’enquête comparative est menée dans deux villes (Porto et Barcelone) où l’enjeu est important et traité de manières distinctes. Notre analyse propose d’étudier les facteurs qui se combinent pour créer des situations de vulnérabilité, et les faire émerger comme un problème public. Elle s’intéresse à la fois aux législations, aux innovations locales et au traitement médiatique du problème. Nous confrontons ces formes d’action collective avec une étude des conditions concrètes de vulnérabilité énergétique vécues par des ménages précaires accompagnés par l’assistance sociale et par des associations caritatives.Le principal résultat de la thèse est que les situations de vulnérabilités énergétiques sont politisées, ce qui implique à la fois de nouveaux acteurs et des acteurs traditionnels de la gouvernance de l’énergie et se traduit par deux types de réponses. Nous montrons aussi comment la militance de collectifs associatifs fait émerger un droit à l’énergie, qui n’est pas inscrit dans la législation nationale et qui, sous la pression de nouveaux mouvements sociaux, devient un impératif pour les collectivités locales. Nous montrons enfin la diffusion d’un modèle d’interventions auprès de ménages qui vise à réduire les consommations pour diminuer le montant des factures et limiter le nombre d’impayés d’énergie. Ce modèle expérimental et peu onéreux rencontre les intérêts d’organisations issues de la société civile, de collectivités locales, de fournisseurs d’énergie même s’il représente pour les ménages vulnérables une prolongation de leurs efforts de réduction de leurs factures d’énergie
50 million Europeans face financial difficulties to heat, cook or light their homes. Households in energy vulnerability either limit the use of these services because they do not have sufficient income, or devote a disproportionately large part of their overall budget to paying energy bills. European legislation requires Member States to establish policies for measuring and resolving the problem. This objective is complex because energy vulnerability is at the intersection of a set of factors covered by different sectoral policies: the pricing of energy, the energy efficiency of housing, and social assistance.This thesis studies the emergence of energy vulnerability in national and local public agendas with an urban political ecology framework. I conducted a comparative survey in two cities (Porto and Barcelona), where the issue is important and treated in different ways. I analyze the factors that combine to create situations of energy vulnerability in these cities and which turn them into public problems, through media, legislation and local innovations. Policy analysis is complemented by study of the concrete conditions of energy vulnerability as they are experienced by households which are in touch with social assistance agencies and charities.The main result of the thesis is that situations of energy vulnerability are politicized by both new actors and traditional players in energy governance. I show how civil society activism gives rise to a right to energy, which is not enshrined in national legislation and which, under the pressure of new social movements, becomes an imperative for local communities. I then analyze the diffusion of programs targeting vulnerable households, based on a model that aims at reducing consumption and therefore limiting the number of unpaid energy bills. This experimental and inexpensive model meets the interests of organizations from civil society, local communities, energy suppliers and the households themselves who were already reducing their expenses

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Lovely, Stephanie Anne. "The Greenway Trail in Community Development: An examination of value, representation, and distribution of benefits among stakeholders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99451.

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Greenway trails, or linear community parks, are growing in popularity around the world and are increasingly prevalent in cities of all sizes in the United States. At their best, greenways can provide affordable transportation, access to jobs, safe recreation space, community building, biodiversity protection, stormwater drainage, and air and noise quality benefits. Yet, commonly, neoliberal governance and design of greenways leads to diminished social and environmental design in favor of economic development. Intentional design for social, environmental and economic stability is crucial for successful greenways, though they are often viewed as innately sustainable. Urban Political Ecology (UPE), Actor Network Theory (ANT), and Campbell's Sustainable Development are used together as lenses to better understand the greenway development process and its outcomes. This research is a case study of the Roanoke River Greenway (RRG) in Roanoke, Virginia which was conducted in attempt to discover who benefits from the greenway, in what ways, and by what means. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and mapping combined to answer research questions. Participants were eleven neighborhood residents, five greenway commissioners, and five city and regional leaders involved with the greenway. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and grouped into themes, along with map data and field notes. I combined these methods to draw conclusions that shed light on the complex system surrounding the RRG. Conclusions are (1) that residents who live near the greenway and want to use it for recreational purposes as well as the City of Roanoke and its elite class of businessowners and homeowning residents who live near the greenway benefit the most from the RRG benefit because the greenway is catered toward recreation and economic development, in form, function, and process, (2) that the system which enables these benefits and prioritizes their beneficiaries is the greenway's evolving planning process, a system both steeped in mindsets of traditional economic development and exclusive planning aesthetics and imbued with innovative approaches of connecting residents to the outdoor environment, and (3) that Roanoke's greenway movement is strong because of its popularity but is vulnerable, because there are no provisions to officially protect it for the future, in terms of maintenance, increased use, and public opinion. Implications for praxis are that communities with greenway trails should diversify the people and perspectives who have power in the planning practice, that environmental and social design should be addressed directly and consistently in greenway development and maintenance, and greater outreach efforts should be made to residents in order to make the greenways more accessible and welcoming to diverse users. Implications for research are for increased research conducted with low-income and minority residents and on microlevel social and economic impacts in neighborhoods.
Doctor of Philosophy
Greenway trails, or linear community parks, grow in popularity around the world and are increasingly prevalent in cities of all sizes in the United States. At their best, greenways can provide affordable transportation, access to jobs, safe recreation space, community building, biodiversity protection, stormwater drainage, and air and noise quality benefits. Yet, commonly, neoliberal governance and design of greenways leads to diminished social and environmental design in favor of economic development. Intentional design for social, environmental and economic stability is crucial for successful greenways, though they are often viewed as innately sustainable. Urban Political Ecology (UPE), Actor Network Theory (ANT), and Campbell's Sustainable Development are used together as lenses to better understand the greenway development process and its outcomes. This research is a case study of the Roanoke River Greenway (RRG) in Roanoke, Virginia which was conducted in attempt to discover who benefits from the greenway, in what ways, and by what means. Semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and mapping combined to answer research questions. Participants were eleven neighborhood residents, five greenway commissioners, and five city and regional leaders involved with the greenway. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and grouped into themes, along with map data and field notes. These combined to draw conclusions that shed light on the complex system surrounding the RRG. Conclusions are (1) that residents who live near the greenway and want to use it for recreational purposes as well as the City of Roanoke and its elite class of businessowners and homeowning residents who live near the greenway benefit the most from the RRG benefit because the greenway is catered toward recreation and economic development, in form, function, and process, (2) that the system which enables these benefits and prioritizes their beneficiaries is the greenway's evolving planning process, a system both steeped in mindsets of traditional economic development and exclusive planning aesthetics and imbued with innovative approaches of connecting residents to the outdoor environment, and (3) that Roanoke's greenway movement is strong because of its popularity but is vulnerable, because there are no provisions to officially protect it for the future, in terms of maintenance, increased use, and public opinion. Implications for praxis are that communities with greenway trails should diversify the people and perspectives who have power in the planning practice, that environmental and social design should be addressed directly and consistently in greenway development and maintenance, and greater outreach efforts should be made to residents in order to make the greenways more accessible and welcoming to diverse users. Implications for research are investigations into residents who do not use the greenway, for long-term and minority residents.

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Ingmansson, Ida. "Women and Water Governance in Peri-Urban settlements : A case study from the community Caltongo in Mexico City." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157990.

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Water insecurity is one of the biggest socio-environmental challenges of our time. As water gets scarce, already disempowered groups become further marginalized. Throughout the last decades “good” water governance has been presented by global institutions and organizations as a key concept to render water management more effective, sustainable and democratic. However, general theories of “good” governance have been criticized for being gender-blind and for failing to recognize how governance is adopted at a local level, leading to different outcomes for people based on their social identity. The aim of this thesis is to identify water governance arrangements in Caltongo, a peri-urban community in Mexico City, and analyze what outcomes these arrangements have for women. The thesis builds on a feminist political ecology framework that cuts through both theory and method. Empirical data is collected through semi-structured interviews with women and community leaders in Caltongo. The analysis builds on a model that uses three concepts to define governance: resources, mechanisms and outcomes. The results of this analysis show that the strategies that women in Caltongo draw from to access water are based around political involvement, cash payment for water services and social networks. The outcomes are different for different women depending on their ability to use these strategies.

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Kay, Samuel. "Uprooting People, Planting Trees: Environmental Scarcity Politics and Urban Greening in Beijing." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587652027967202.

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29

Scharfenberg, Coline. "Drivers and barriers for a sustainability transition of the current food and agriculture system of the city of Malmö : A case study of the sustainable urban farm and meeting place Botildenborg." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43400.

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Humanity is facing massive sustainability challenges, such as climate change and the associated loss of biodiversity, water scarcity and food insecurity. Capitalist urbanisation drives furthermore profound transformations in rural and urban areas and thus in the agriculture and food systems, presenting both challenges and opportunities. Urban agriculture as a part of a local food system, where food is produced in an urban area and sold to consumers in that area, presents a new food production model, generating innovative tools to lower agricultural land use, improving resource use efficiency and biodiversity. Consequently, great potential can be attributed to a sustainable transformation of the agri-food system through urban agriculture. Like many cities around the world, Malmö has recognised the need for sustainable development. Therefore, the city of Malmö has been addressing environmental, social and economic challenges for several years and is committed to a holistic and sustainable urban development. Although the city is aware of the benefits of small-scale urban agriculture, there are no policies that enable the upscaling of urban agriculture in the city. Botildenborg, a sustainable urban farm and meeting place in Malmö, on the other hand, has recognised the potential for sustainable business and development through urban agriculture for several years, by setting itself the goal to increase the local and ecologically produced food within the city through this form of agriculture. Botildenborg serves therefore as a case study of this research. In order to be able to provide indications for policies to shape the transformation steps towards sustainability within the agri-food system in Malmö, structures and patterns, as well as possible drivers and potential obstacles of a sustainable transition, are examined in the course of this research. The empirical results from qualitative and quantitative data are systematically processed using the multi-level perspective in combination with the urban political ecology. The results indicate that the identified barriers tend to be structural and are predominantly located in the economic and especially the political sphere. It seems that the non-monetary added value from urban agriculture is not perceived to its full potential by the city of Malmö. Botildenborg is stabilising itself mainly through knowledge sharing and network building, and thus will sooner or later be able, through the movement behind the network, to change the dominant agri-food regime. The rapidity of the transformation depends on the political ii willingness of the city of Malmö to explicitly integrate urban agriculture into its policies and regulations.

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Hult, Anna. "Unpacking Swedish Sustainability : The promotion and circulation of sustainable urbanism." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199955.

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Sweden has been praised for its achievements, and promoted as a role model, in sustainable urban development. This thesis, comprising five separate articles and a cover essay, is a critical study of the Swedish urban sustainable imaginary. The first article examines how this imaginary is produced. Using an actor-network theory approach, I view the Swedish pavilion at the World Expo in Shanghai in 2010 as a node in a wider network, arguing that the notion of decoupling GDP growth from CO2 emissions constitutes a central storyline. The second and third papers study the circulation of this imaginary in practice, specifically examining two cases of exporting Swedish sustainable urban planning to Chinese eco-city projects. Few of these plans, I note, were materialised in built form; rather, they contributed to the circulation of a repetitive model of sustainable urbanism, reinforcing a paradoxical idea of urban sustainability as “green islands of privilege”. The storyline of decoupling – and the circulating business of sustainable urbanism into which it feeds – is based on a deficient territorial view of space. In this research, I advocate a political ecology perspective and relational view of space, wherein there are no such things as sustainable or unsustainable cities. Rather, planning should aim for more just socio-environmental relations within and across urban borders. The fourth and fifth papers address the wider question of how planning can foster more socio-environmentally just forms of urban sustainability. Here, I emphasise a consumption perspective on greenhouse gas emissions as an important counter-narrative and analyse two Swedish municipalities’ efforts to lessen citizens’ consumption through policy and planning practice. This research highlights the need to continuously develop and contest imaginaries and planning practices of sustainability, of who is perceived as “sustainable” and what a socio-environmentally just perspective might mean in practice for policy makers and planners alike.

QC 20170120

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Meehan, Katharine. "Greywater and the grid: Explaining informal water use in Tijuana." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194038.

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Cities in the global South are confronting unprecedented challenges to urban sustainability and equitable development, particularly in the realm of water provision. Nearly 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from a lack of safe access to drinking water and sanitation -an increasing proportion of whom reside in cities. Meanwhile, in the gaps of the grid, a diversity of water harvesting and reuse techniques, infrastructures, and institutional arrangements has emerged to provision poor households. Despite the burgeoning presence of the informal water sector, little is known about its institutional character, environmental impact, or relationship with state provision and private supply. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected during nearly 13 months of fieldwork in Tijuana, Mexico, this dissertation queries how informal water use is managed, whether informal water use constitutes an alternative economy and sustainable environmental practice, and to what degree informal water use redefines urban space and alternative development possibilities. Findings reveal that: 1) despite historical efforts in Mexico to federalize and centralize the control of water resources, state action opens 'gaps' in the hydrosocial cycle, and informal institutions manage these 'extralegal' spaces; 2) informal water use is widespread across socioeconomic levels in Tijuana, predominantly managed by household-based institutions, and conserves a surprising degree of municipal water; and 3) the spatiality of contemporary water infrastructures and economies is highly diverse-ranging from bottled water markets to non-capitalist, self-provisioning greywater reuse-and is in fact constitutive of 'splintered urbanism' and alternative modes of development.

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West, Madeline. "Community Water and Sanitation Alternatives in Peri-Urban Cochabamba: Progressive Politics or Neoliberal Utopia?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31600.

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This thesis is about the tensions faced by communitarian water service providers in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia, in their continued dependence on private water vending businesses, despite efforts to socialize service delivery. Based on fieldwork conducted in Cochabamba from May-July, 2013, this thesis argues that due in part to a lack of government intervention and regulation, many communitarian water associations in Cochabamba are being held captive by private water vendors who exploit the city’s unequal distribution of water resources for profit. It makes this argument by exploring two main points: that communitarian water associations leverage progressive forms of organization to improve service delivery, but are hindered by barriers which lie outside their control; and that small-scale water businesses are able to exploit the failures of the formal state/public and informal communitarian systems by positioning themselves as a necessary operation, in a way which limits the state’s ability to regulate their activities.

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Adjei, Cornelius Owusu. "Citizen Action, Power Relations and Wetland Management in the Tampa Bay Urban Socio-ecosystem." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3942.

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Wetlands are vital ecosystems that provide ecological, economic and social benefits to societies. In the Tampa Bay region in West Central Florida, a growing population has put immense pressure on wetlands. The situation has not gone unnoticed in the public domain with concerns raised about the need to formulate policies that would protect them. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the level of citizen involvement in the decision making process. This study aimed at investigating whether the perceptions and concerns of citizens drove them to influence local water policy. Questionnaires were used to collect data from residents living in close proximity to well fields situated in wetlands in Northwestern Hillsborough County. Results of the research showed that residents demonstrated a high degree of knowledge about water resources in the Tampa Bay region. Residents expressed concerns about groundwater pumping and development, and attributed them to changes in their environment. However, there was little engagement from residents with decision makers to address these concerns. This study therefore recommends that improved participatory mechanisms be created by local water agencies to incorporate valuable inputs from the public.

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Champion, Benjamin Lee. "The political economy of "local foods" in Eastern Kansas : opportunities and justice in emerging agro-food networks and markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6f0586d3-7302-4650-9fe7-8254b1e7e1f0.

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Alternative agriculture and counter-cuisine movements have grown to a strong cultural current in Western European and North American societies. In recent years,these movements have begun to converge and coalesce around the concept of localizing agri-food relations and commodity chains as a way of redressing the deleterious environmental, social, and economic consequences of what are seen as dominant globalized food relations. This dissertation reports on a regional study in Eastern Kansas of the political economy of local food relations that has arisen through this producer and consumer response. It is an effort to recognize the regional interplay of disparate forces in constructing local food systems in the interest of framing more contextualized and nuanced questions about the environmental, social, and economic outcomes of alternative agri-food development. Network, conventions, and spatial analysis theories and methods were customized and put into practice in the service of these aims, using triangulation among them to mitigate each of their individual weaknesses in representing the variable embeddedness, politics, and spaces of local food in Eastern Kansas. It was found that local food generally represents a marketing niche in urban consumerism that is served primarily by regional rural producers. The distances, agricultural and food ecologies, forms of organization, and values underpinning local food linkages were all found to vary quite considerably throughout the region, creating a diverse combination of development agendas and impacts from local food networks and making food localization a highly contested concept. Local food development in its current form is thus highly dependent on urban/rural dialectics and projects of urbanization that lack open, transparent, and reflexive governance. Critical acknowledgement of these development interdependencies is important as a step toward encouraging social, economic, and environmental justice through local food development.

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Patel, Kamna. "Tenure and vulnerability : the effects of changes to tenure security on the identity and social relationships of the urban poor." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3267/.

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Directed by the Millennium Development Goal to improve the lives of at least 100 million ‘slum’ dwellers by 2020, national governments and development agencies are driving policy to upgrade and formalise informal settlements. This study is an investigation into the effects of in situ upgrade and formalisation on the vulnerability and resilience of the urban poor in Durban, South Africa. The study examines the relationships between tenure and vulnerability by identifying and exploring how changes to tenure security, introduced through the upgrade process, affect individuals’ exposure to risk and ability to cope, and the ways in which identity and social relations influence those effects. The data are drawn from twenty-four ethnographies of residents living in three low income settlements in/around Durban each at different stages in the upgrade process. The findings of the study show that many residents are better off following an upgrade – ownership claims are better protected, they are more comfortable in their homes and able to improve livelihoods. However, these security and resilience gains are undermined by the high levels of crime and violence that continue post-upgrade and affect the desirability of a location and the ability of people to live there. Furthermore, the manner in which the process is implemented reconfigures local power relations, without meaningfully altering them; thus continuing to tie residents’ wellbeing to social rules administered by informal institutions. These findings challenge conceptualisations of ‘tenure security’ and the conventional orthodoxy of upgrading.

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Hinds, Kris-An K. "Perceptions of Infrastructure, Flood Management, and Environmental Redevelopment in the University Area, Hillsborough County, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7810.

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The University Area (UA), a low-income, unincorporated neighborhood in Hillsborough County, Florida, is a site of sustainable redevelopment by the local government and nonprofit organizations. Throughout the past decade, the transitions in local and state political climates have significantly impacted the residents’ ability to advocate for infrastructural and environmental improvement to the site. This thesis discusses the findings of a research project dedicated to exploring resident perspectives of stormwater management, infrastructure, and the redevelopment currently occurring the University Area. Drawing from theoretical concepts in political ecology, environmental justice, and the interplay of agency and structure, this research investigates the impacts of flooding on the UA’s residents and infrastructure; specifically, the ways it affects the population’s interaction with their environment. Data were collected using a mixed methods approach including participant observation; semi structured interviews with residents, developers, and community organization employees; ground truthing the area to verify the location of the stormwater drains present in a selection of the UA; a historical review of the area’s land use; and analysis of critical environmental justice databases. Findings indicate that flooding in the University Area is related to historical oppressive housing strategies against minority and low-income populations. Results found that flooding in UA is caused by a combination of faulty infrastructure (impervious surfaces and a subpar, unmaintained stormwater system), increasing rain events (climate change), and the lack of municipality support (power dynamics). The oppressive power dynamic present in the relationship between the residents and their respective property owners and the county municipality services exacerbates problems with flooding. Redevelopment plans in the University Area must address the effects of historical marginalization and disenfranchisement of the current residents with respect to housing segregation and lack of municipality support. Without these considerations, the cycle of disenfranchisement faced by the current residents of the UA will likely continue and worsen over time.

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Hartmann, Franz M. "Nature in the city : urban ecological politics in Toronto /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0023/NQ39270.pdf.

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Schmidt-Lerm, Susanne. "Entscheidungsprozesse und Partizipation in der Stadtentwicklung Dresdens." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26510.

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Untersucht wurde die Auseinandersetzung um das Autobahnbauvorhaben A 17 Dresden - Prag zwischen 1990 und 1995 als ein Beispiel der Stadtentwicklung Dresdens. Seit 1935 als Reichsautobahn ins Sudetenland geplant, sollte dieses Verkehrsprojekt nach 1990 als „Lückenschluß im europäischen Autobahnnetz“ umgesetzt werden. Angesichts des hohen Konfliktpotentials erlangte der Fall überregionale Aufmerksamkeit und Beispielcharakter für die neuen Bundesländer. Die Kontroverse gipfelte im ersten Bürgerentscheid der Geschichte Dresdens im Jahre 1995. Das Entscheidungsprocedere wurde erstmals anhand der Theorie des Entscheidungsautismus (SCHULZ-HARDT, 1996) dargestellt. Daraus abgeleitet werden Wege zur Reduzierung von dessen Defiziten aufgezeigt. Dieser Fall wurde dazu aus umwelt-, sozial- und entscheidungspsychologischer Sicht im Hinblick auf die Repräsentation in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen, auf den politischen Kontext und die Partizipationsmöglichkeiten analysiert. Im Mittelpunkt standen dabei Strategien, Handlungsspielräume und Interessen sowie Werte- und Motivstrukturen beteiligter Entscheidungsträger. Die zugrundeliegenden gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die Stadt- und Verkehrsplanung spiegelten Visionen, Interessenlagen und Machtverhältnisse wider und ermöglichten Rückschlüsse auf das Demokratie-, Stadt- und Naturverständnis der jeweiligen Akteure. Für den auf Übertragbarkeit zielenden Forschungsansatz hinsichtlich komplexer und folgenreicher Entscheidungsprozesse erwiesen sich Dresdner Beispiele als besonders geeignet, weil man hier auf eine fast mythologisch erscheinende Verklärung der Stadt und ihrer Geschichte trifft. Sie ist bis heute mit einer engagierten Anteilnahme der Bevölkerung an Stadtentwicklungsprozessen verknüpft. Nach der den Ruf einer europäischen Kunstmetropole begründenden Augustäischen Epoche (1694-1763) verlief die Großstadtwerdung dank vorbildlicher Bauordnungen relativ geordnet. Neben der hohen Baukultur sorgte die oft ideal wirkende Einbeziehung der Landschaft für das „Gesamtkunstwerk Dresden“. Ein Großteil dessen ging 1945 unter. Der Neuaufbau als sozialistische Stadt veränderte nahezu alles, was überkommen war. Dieses zweite Verlusttrauma bestimmt bis heute die Streitkultur im „Dresdner Bürgerinitiativen-Biotop“. Komplexität, Historizität sowie die Extraktion und Synthese interdisziplinärer Gegenstände in dieser Arbeit erforderten die Verwendung des qualitativen Forschungsansatzes unter besonderer Verwendung des Ansatzes des behavior setting (BARKER, 1975) und der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (MAYRING, 1990). In der deutschen Tradition der Thematisierung kommunaler Entscheidungsprozesse in der lokalen Politikforschung stehend, konnten mit der literaturgestützten Annäherung aus Gebieten der Umwelt- und Entscheidungspsychologie, der Politikwissenschaft, Stadtökologie und des Verkehrs die wesentlichen Facetten und Perspektiven konfliktträchtigen Entscheidens im städtischen Kontext dargestellt werden
In the work at hand, the controversial about the construction project of the motorway A17 from Dresden to Prague from 1990 to 1995 is investigated as an examplification for the urban evolution of the city of Dresden. Planned as German Reichsautobahn into the region of Sudeten Germany since 1935, this project was to be realised after 1990 as a “gap closing in the European motorway net”. Due to its high potential for conflicts, this project obtained supra-regional attention and became an example for the German New Laender. In 1995 the controvery culminated in the first referendum in the history of Dresden. This decision procedure was referred to the theory of “Entscheidungsautismus” (SCHULZ-HARDT, 1996). Based on this thesis, the present work will derive strategies concerning the reduction of its deficiencies. Moreover, this subject matter was analysed from an environmental, social and psychological point of view, taking into consideration its political context, how the case was represented in various relevant social groups and which opportunities of social participation the respective groups had. At this point, the strategies, latitudes of action, interests, values and motivation of the involved decision makers were in the centre of consideration. The underlying social reformations with their effects on urban and transport planning reflected perspectives, visions, interests and power structures, and thus enabled conclusions to the democratic, urban and environmental consciousness of the respective protagonists. Due to the almost mythological transfiguration of the city and its history, which, until this day, is connected to a dedicated commitment of the citizens for developmental processes of Dresden, this example from Dresden proved to be especially appropriate concerning its applicability of the scientific approach. After the Augustäische Epoche (1694- 1763) in which Dresden´s reputation as a European metropolis of fine arts was established, the creation of a major city proceeded relatively systematic, owing to an exemplary building regulation. The sophisticated architectural culture and the most of the times ideally inclusion of the surrounding nature lead to the holistic artwork Dresden used to be, a major part of which perished in 1945. The reconstruction as a socialist city deformed almost everything that was historical. This second trauma of deprivation, until this day, created and determines a culture of constructive controversy within the citizens´ initiatives of Dresden. The complexity, historicity as well as the extraction and synthesis of inter-disciplinary subject matters in the work at hand required the use of a qualitative paradigm, in particular the approach of Behavior Setting (BARKER, 1975) and the Qualitative Content Analysis (MAYRING, 1990). Based on the German tradition of communicating local developmental processes in the regional policy research and with the help of a literary exploration in the areas of environmental and decision making psychology, political science, and urban and transport ecology, this work displays the most fundamental facets and perspectives of controversial decisions in a municipal context

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August, Zoé. "Ville durable : des concepts aux réalisations, les coulisses d’une fabrique urbaine : Marseille ou l’exemple d’une ville méditerranéenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1123/document.

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Derrière l’apparent consensus de l’application du registre de la durabilité à la ville, notre recherche contribue à analyser, dans une perspective critique, ce que recouvre la locution de ville durable dans le champ de l’urbanisme. Nos investigations reposent tout d’abord sur l’étude des modalités d’émergence de l’expression, conjuguée à l’examen du traitement dont la notion fait l’objet dans la littérature scientifique et professionnelle. Nourrie du rapport dressé entre méditerranéité et pensée complexe (MORIN 1999), l’approche est ensuite incarnée au sein d’une ville méditerranéenne : Marseille. Elle se fonde alors sur l’analyse des représentations que les acteurs en charge de la fabrique urbaine se font de la ville durable, éclairant ainsi ce qui fonde leurs actions dans ce domaine. L’enjeu réside enfin dans la mise en regard de l’ensemble avec les conséquences matérielles, socio-spatiales et vécues des productions effectives. Celle-ci s'opère à travers un cheminement exploratoire sensible ponctué d’observations et de récits d’habitants, au sein d’un secteur dont les principes de réalisation sont rattachés à l’idée de ville durable. Notre parcours de thèse montre ainsi comment, exogène aux sphères de l’urbanisme, la notion de ville durable ne constitue pas un cadre suffisamment émancipateur et robuste pour permettre aux acteurs du champ de parvenir à un renouvellement des savoirs ni de s’affranchir des contraintes et tendances lourdes qui pèsent sur la fabrique urbaine. Il propose, ce faisant, une démarche écologique permettant d’explorer ce/ceux sur quoi/qui pourraient reposer la ou plutôt les durabilités urbaines et comment
Whilst there seems to be a consensus on the feasibility of applying sustainability thinking to town and city development, our research contributes to the critical understanding of the notion of a sustainable city within the field of urban planning. We will begin with a study of the modalities of the emergence of this term, combining it with an analysis of the ways in which the notion is used in professional and scientific literature. Following on from the correspondence drawn between "méditerranéité" and complex thinking (MORIN 1999), our approach will then be embodied in the heart of a Mediterranean city : Marseille. Considering the mental pictures conjured up by the notion of sustainable city, we thus analyse the ways in which the elements of meaning previously highlighted are being used or not, interpreted, or even diverted, and how they influence decisions and actions. As the object of our work is the relationship between these and their material, socio-spatial and experiential impact, we then go on to conduct a sensitive exploration using observations and stories told by local residents within a sector in which actualisation principles are relating to the idea of sustainable city. This research shows, in the end, how the notion of sustainable city, which is exogenous to the domain of urban planning, does not offer a sufficiently emancipating or robust framework to allow the development of new “knowledge and know-how” or to outweigh the constraints and forceful trends that hinder the development of the town. This leads us to propose an "ecological" approach to explore what and whose contributions urban sustainability or rather sustainabilities might be built upon

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Billebo, Sofia. "Re-colonization of Wolves in Sweden – Conflicting Rural Realities." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145100.

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This study analyses the wolf (canis lupus) and human relations in Swedish landscapes. By addressing the change of ideas influencing land use and nature management during the time when the wolf was considered functionally extinct, two parallel realities appear that is shown to be something that the participants in this study relates and recognizes as their reality. These realities in turn can be understood against the background of environmental philosophy and the anthropocentric and eco-centric view of nature and the instrumental and intrinsic value that the nature may carry. Life story interview is used as a method to grasp these details in an individual’s perception of the wolf and nature. Since the wolf is considered to be as a division between rural and urban people, the study also analyses how people sharing the space with the wolf is referring to these dichotomies and how they identify with their surroundings. With contradictory, data a new way of conceptualize this is suggested: that urbanity and rurality is something that could be seen as performativity, something that you do rather than something that you are (Butler 2007). One might express identification with rural space but have an urban performativity i.e. working, living part-time, influenced by ideas represented in urban lifestyles. While the rural performativity is mirrored by living, working and sharing the ideas of how that landscape is used.

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Tchuwa, Isaac. "Hydro-social permutations of water commodification in Blantyre City, Malawi." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hydrosocial-permutations-of-water-commodification-in-blantyre-city-malawi(fe5a5bc5-666f-477c-89da-cf25711e76fd).html.

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Despite years of investment in urban water infrastructure, and the state-a supposedly benign public entity-being the major actor in governing water, many poor residents in global south cities such as Blantyre experience unprecedented water-related problems. The neoliberal narrative unequivocally advocates privatising water; it frames the water problem as symptomatic of the unravelling of non-economic means of distributing this basic necessity of life while revering the free market as a panacea to this long-standing challenge. This thesis draws from the production/urbanisation of nature/space literature to contribute towards framing an alternative and more just political ecological water narrative. Through a radical critique of capitalist urbanisation, it argues that the contemporary urban water condition is the outcome and symptomatic of the unjust historical geographical legacies of modernist/capitalist means of producing water. It problematises the neo-liberal "tragedy of the commons" discourse that attributes these problems to the non-commodity nature of water. Through a case study of Blantyre City, the thesis frames this critique through two claims (1) that there is no such a thing as non-commodified produced water in contemporary Blantyre; (2) that the commodification of water is nothing new, it is a histo-geographical process deeply rooted in logics and contradictions of capitalist production of nature and space. It traces a critical moment in the capitalist remaking of hydro-social relations to colonial modernisation. British colonisation (late 1850s-early 1960s) inserted money and modern techniques at the heart of human-water interactions thereby significantly transforming traditional modes of accessing water. During this period, water began to change from being a common good to an economic resource that could privately be enclosed and harnessed as a means to economic/private ends through modern techniques. Institutions created to mediate this emergent modernist water architecture were dominated by vested private settler interests, depended heavily on external financing and revenue generated from exchanging water through money. British colonisations then sow first seeds in inserting monetary exchange, class and social power as mediators of the human-water interchange thereby entrenching social inequalities in Blantyre's waterscape. The post-colonial political transition in 1964 did little to radically reconfigure these colonial logics and their contradictions; in fact, albeit in qualitatively different ways, these dynamics intensified. The thesis establishes that these historical geographical dynamics continue to reproduce conditions through which underprivileged residents are alienated from water, and this basic need is commodified in contemporary Blantyre. In locating alienation and commodification within the wider historical geographical context of capitalist urbanisation, this thesis aims to critically engage with debates on neo-liberalisation of water. It takes issue with a particular ahistorical manner commodification of water is read and the failure of these debates to engage critically with the historical/colonial genesis of the present urban water condition in global south cities. The thesis hopes to contribute to academic and practical projects concerned with generating alternative understandings and finding just solutions to persistent water problems in the global south.

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Renfrew, Daniel. ""We are all contaminated" lead poisoning and urban environmental politics in Uruguay /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Futada, Silvia de Melo. "Fragmentos remanescentes da bacia do ribeirão das Anhumas (Campinas, SP) : evolução e contexto." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315804.

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Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O ambiente é um complexo espaço-temporal resultante de fatores abióticos e bióticos, também definido pela história e anseios humanos. A fragmentação de habitats está dentre as principais ameaças à biodiversidade global e é desencadeada por distúrbios como expansões urbana e da agropecuária, bem como a exploração de recursos naturais. Para compreender os efeitos da fragmentação de habitats é indispensável aliar bases ecológicas a valores e práticas humanos. Este trabalho buscou compreender a fragmentação na bacia do ribeirão das Anhumas (Campinas, SP) aliando a análise da evolução dos fragmentos a informações históricas de cada um deles. Além disso, buscou compreender os diferentes contextos nos quais os fragmentos estão inseridos e de que forma essas informações obtidas poderiam contribuir para promover praticas de conservação efetivas. Foram utilizados SIG para análise de fotos aéreas multitemporais (1962, 1972 e 2002), realizadas visitas aos fragmentos, entrevistas com proprietários ou responsáveis, e analisados documentos da Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas e de hemerotecas. A área total dos fragmentos decaiu de 615,34ha (1962) para 451,62ha (1972) e então para 422,72ha (2002), correspondendo hoje a 2,82% da área total da bacia. Atualmente existem 34 fragmentos na bacia, dos quais 11 são áreas públicas e 23 estão localizados em propriedades privadas. Sete dos fragmentos estão tombados e 27 em estudo de tombamento. Os fragmentos estão sujeitos a diferentes pressões, como incêndio, corte de árvores, espécies invasoras e exóticas, poluição e especulação imobiliária. A condição geral dos fragmentos da bacia é desentusiasmante, mas a articulação e o esclarecimento do poder público, da sociedade civil organizada e dos proprietários dos fragmentos podem ser capazes de alterar essa situação
Abstract: The environment is a spacial-temporal complex resultant from not only abiotic and biotic factors, but also from human history and aspirations. The habitat fragmentation is one of the major threats to the world's biodiversity, and it is due to urban and agribusiness expansions, as well as exploitation of natural resources. In order to understand habitat fragmentation's effects, it is essencial to couple ecological foundations to human values. This study aimed to understand the Anhumas river hydrographic basin (Campinas, SP) fragmentation, analysing the remnants evolution in relationship to their historical aspects. Moreover, this work intented to comprehend in which way the different remnants a contexts could contribute to effective conservation practices. The methods used were: multitemporal (1962, 1972, 2002) aerial photographies analysis (GIS); remnants inspection; interviews with the owners or people responsible for the remnants; and analysis of documentation from the government of Campinas and from libraries. The total remnants a. area has decreased from 615.34ha (1962) to 451.62ha (1972) and to 422.72ha (2002). Currently, the total area of the Anhumas river basin corresponds to 2.82% of the original area. There are 34 remnants in the basin, 11 of them public areas and 23 private properties. Seven of the remnants are spot listed and 27 are under assessment to be spot listed. Timbering, burning, the presence of exotic and invasive species, pollution and real estate development are some of the variables that make the conservation of the remnants more complex. The present status of the Anhumas river basin s remnants is worrisome. However, the articulation and elucidation of public governments, nongovernment organizations, and the owners of the remnants might be able to counter this situation
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia

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Gabrielle, Huet Valentine. "Infrastructure Projects and Climate Change Adaption in the Era of Grassroots Movement Resurgence : Suggestions fro Transformational Actions." Thesis, KTH, Historiska studier av teknik, vetenskap och miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279994.

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In an ever-moving world, urban governance and infrastructure have to adapt to climate change. In the meantime, people's concerns and engagement towards urban projects which will affect their lives are growing. The climate change adaptation process is inevitable to implement, considering the multiplicity of climate change threats. Hawai'i is no exception, and it has to adapt its infrastructures to stronger and more frequent floods. This master's thesis highlights the case of the Ala Wai risk flood management plan in Hawai'i, the U.S., and the engagement of some Hawaiians in the Protect Our Ala Wai Watershed (POAWW) grassroots movement against the proposed project. The conflict creates the emergence of two paradigms, which are translating two opposing strategies of action. Each paradigm aligns with a specific approach that reflects the interests and value systems of the individuals that constituted it. On the one hand, there is the economic growth paradigm supported by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which manages the project and unfolds the resilience strategy by protecting Honolulu's dominant economic interests. On the other hand, there is the environmental justice paradigm, mobilized by the POAWW grassroots movement. This latter one is positioned within the transition strategy and demands the integration of indigenous knowledge into the project. To go beyond this conflictual standoff, the master's thesis argues that a hybrid paradigm, which would move towards a transformation strategy, would be preferable to surpass the current cleavages. This paradigm shift gives keys of actions and could be transferable in a contextualized way to other urban conflicts linked with the climate change adaptation process.

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Barbosa, Valter Luís. "A expansão urbana em áreas de fundo de vale na cidade de Bauru-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1550.

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Bauru is considered an important city in the regional context of the São Paulo State. It is situated in the center-west of the state and its main economical activity is the service sector. The urban growth of Bauru has occurred in the bottom of the valley and that compromised the ecological condition in the urban mean. Also known as the "city without limits", Bauru has been suffering with the public politics of the city government, associated with the conditions of the urban environment appropriations, the financial capital and real state, besides the irregular use of the urban soil, all this contributing to accentuate the unbalance of the physical nature, the landscape and the social conditions of the inhabitants that live in areas situated in the bottom of the valley. The purpose of this research is to identify and to analyse the importance of the Special Sectors of Conservation of the Bottom of the Valley also called SEC in the urban system and in the maintenance of life quality to local communities. In this investigation, we used and analysed the laws established by the Town's Plan, in order to check the execution of the environment legislation about the occupation of urban space in the areas of the bottom of the valley. It was observed that the social environment degradation in the Special Sectors of Conservation of the Bottom of the Valley SEC in Bauru has became evident, this meaning that the urban environment is in crisis and it is risky for the ecosystem capacity. It was also verified that the growth of the city has been orientated to the appropriation of the urban space, without considering the social and the natural aspects of the environment, resulting in fragmented actions and in the wasteful of public resources. The public practices of Bauru local administration does not accomplish the legislation in effect by the Town's Plan, risking the proper development of the city when avoiding the environment problem in the Special Sectors of Conservation in the Bottom of the Valley. The urban expansion growth to new areas made that the bottom of the valley could express how are the relations between the public power and the different kinds of interests established in the urban environment, making the Special Sectors of Bottom of the Valley objects to be used to a few people, in detriment of the most of the population, that live in helpless situation, contributing to accelerate the degradation of the social-environment process. This work has the intention to be helpful for the comprehension of the physical nature relations in Bauru urban environment and to add support as to make it easier to the local government to direct its actions to a democratic administration concerning to the city urban expansion.
Bauru é considerada uma cidade importante no contexto regional do Estado de São Paulo. Está localizada na porção centro-oeste e tem como atividade principal o setor de serviços. O seu crescimento urbano ocorreu em áreas de fundo de vale ocupadas de maneira a comprometer as condições ecológicas do meio urbano. Também conhecida como cidade sem limites , vem convivendo com as políticas feitas pelo Poder Público associadas às formas de apropriação do ambiente urbano pelo capital financeiro e imobiliário além do uso do solo urbano de maneira irregular, contribuindo para acentuar os desequilíbrios de natureza física e das condições sociais dos habitantes que vivem em áreas de fundo de vale. Esta pesquisa A Expansão Urbana em Áreas de Fundo de Vale na Cidade de Bauru-SP" tem como escopo identificar e analisar a importância dos Setores Especiais de Conservação de Fundo de Vale - SEC s no sistema urbano e para a manutenção da qualidade de vida da sociedade local. Procurou-se mostrar os tipos de impactos causados junto a essas áreas e suas implicações sociais. Para nortear este trabalho utilizou-se das leis estabelecidas no Plano Diretor da cidade para verificar o cumprimento da legislação ambiental quanto à ocupação do espaço urbano em Bauru nas áreas de fundo de vale. Pôde-se observar que a degradação sócio-ambiental nos SEC s em Bauru evidenciou a crise do ambiente urbano colocando em risco a capacidade de suporte do ecossistema. Apurou-se que o crescimento da cidade de Bauru direcionou-se para uma apropriação do espaço urbano sem considerar o aspecto social e natural do ambiente, o que resultou em desperdícios do próprio recurso público. À medida que a expansão urbana avançou em novas áreas os meandros dos fundos de vale expressaram como eram e como são as relações de poder nos diversos interesses estabelecidos no meio urbano tornando os SEC s objetos a serem utilizados por poucos bauruenses em detrimento da maioria populacional que vive em situações precárias e acaba contribuindo para acelerar os processos de degradação sócio-ambientais. Este trabalho é fundamental para a compreensão das relações da natureza física com o meio urbano para que ocorra uma gestão democrática do Poder Público ao tentar administrar a expansão urbana em Bauru.

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Vradis, Antonios. "Patterns of contentious politics concentration as a 'spatial contract' : a spatio-temporal study of urban riots and violent protest in the neighbourhood of Exarcheia, Athens, Greece (1974-2011)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3120/.

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Existing studies of urban riots, violent protest and other instances of contentious politics in urban settings have largely tended to be either event- or time-specific in their scope. The present thesis offers a spatial reading of such politics of contention in the city of Athens, Greece. Tracing the pattern of the occurrence of these instances through time, the research scope of the thesis spans across Greece’s post-dictatorial era (i.e. post-1974, the Greek Metapolitefsi), concluding shortly after the first loan agreement between the country’s national government and the so-called ‘troika’ of lenders (IMF/ECB/EU). The thesis includes a critical overview of literature on riots in a historical and geographical context; questions on methodology and ethics in researching urban riots; a discourse analysis of violence concentration in Exarcheia; ethnographic accounts on everyday life in the neighbourhood and a ‘rhythmanalysis’ of the Exarcheia contention concentration during the period of research. Seeking to explain this concentration the thesis introduces the notion of the 'spatial contract': rather than signalling a type of discord, the concentration of mass violence in Exarcheia through time is hereby conceived as the spatial articulation of a certain form of consensus between Greek authorities and their subjects. In this way, the thesis places the concentration of urban violence in Exarcheia solidly within the social and political context of the country’s postdictatorial era. The thesis suggests that it would be beneficial for future human geographical research to trace such concentration patterns of urban riots. By exercising a crossscale reading, it would then possible to place these and other forms of contentious politics within a social equilibrium that is far more complex and often much more consensual than it might appear to be.

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Arzt, Alexandra E. "Dispersal: a multidisciplinary investigation of plant life." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3957.

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Using plants as a basis for exploring the interstices between the human and nonhuman, this thesis investigates ideas of awareness, intelligence, deep time, animism, and the fluctuating human perception of the agency of Nature. It outlines environmental art practices since the 1950s involving vegetal life. In addition, the paper provides a critical analysis of plant perception of Jakob von Uexküll’s work and theories of vital materialism and “critical plant studies” while noting recent studies in plant neurobiology. In my work, plants become active participants via their movement, seeding, and smell. This study takes the form of imitation, purposeful symbiosis, anthropomorphism, and touch and uses an interdisciplinary practice involving various experiments, video, and plant life. In suggesting a new possible understanding of plants, the work argues for a new ecological ethos in a time when global warming weighs heavily on world policy and consciousness.

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Am?rico, Maria Concei??o Oliveira. "Processos s?cio-ambientais relacionados ?s situa??es de degrada??o na regi?o do Rio Doce, Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18261.

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Natal is a medium-sized coastal city (800.000 inhabitants), capital of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Northeast of Brazil. According to statistics published by the IBGE (2000), the area of Natal that stretches from Redinha to Lagoa Azul holds about 12% of the municipal population. Part of this area is bordered by a watercourse, the Rio Doce, which has been afflicted by a range of socio-environmental problems over the years. This study was carried out with the aims of 1) identifying the socio-environmental processes related to urban expansion, with an emphasis on those causing environmental degradation in this region; b) analysing the perception of the target population in relation to the environment it occupies; and c) determining the socioeconomic profile of the local residents and the sanitary facilities available to them. A survey was carried out by conducting interviews and completing questionnaires with the residents to assess the situation both qualitatively and quantitatively in the communities of Caiana, Pajussara S?tio, Gramor? Povoado and Gramor? S?tio, as well as by conducting bibliographical and documentary research. It was discovered that the sanitary conditions of the riverside dwellers are precarious and only 1% of the houses in the suburbs mentioned are connected to the public sewers. It was established that the Rio Doce is intensively exploited through the extraction of sand for the building trade, irrigation of riverside vegetable plots and use of the water for bathing, washing of clothes and leisure. It was also found that about 40% of the population resident in this area has migrated from the rural zone, which is one of the factors rendering it difficult for them to adapt to the urban setting. Such information can be of use to the authorities in the environmental planning of these districts and their sustainable development
A faixa urbana que se estende do bairro da Redinha ao bairro de Lagoa Azul, concentra cerca de 12% da popula??o do munic?pio do Natal/RN (800.000 habitantes), segundo dados do IBGE(2000). Parte dessa extens?o ? margeada pelo Rio Doce, curso de ?gua que tem sido alvo de graves problemas s?cio-ambientais. O estudo foi realizado de forma a identificar/conhecer os processos s?cio-ambientais relacionados ? expans?o urbana, destacando as situa??es de degrada??o ambiental naquela regi?o; observar/analisar a percep??o do p?blico alvo em rela??o ao ambiente que ocupa; tra?ar o perfil s?cio-econ?mico dos agentes antr?picos ali residentes, concomitante ao levantamento das condi??es de saneamento b?sico da popula??o local. Atrav?s do m?todo quantitativo-qualitativo de investiga??o desenvolveu-se este trabalho, utilizando-se t?cnicas de entrevistas com formul?rios aplicados ?s comunidades Caiana, Pajussara S?tio, Gramor? Povoado e Gramor? S?tio, al?m de levantamentos bibliogr?fico e documental. As condi??es de saneamento b?sico nas comunidades ribeirinhas s?o prec?rias. Apenas 1% dos bairros supracitados apresenta esgotamento sanit?rio. Foram constatados altos ?ndices de explora??o do Rio Doce pela retirada de areia destinada ? constru??o civil, utiliza??o da ?gua para banho, lavagem de roupas, irriga??o de hortas instaladas ?s margens do rio e lazer. Verificou-se ainda que, cerca de 40% da popula??o a? residente ? origin?ria do interior do Estado, um dos fatores que compromete sua inser??o no ambiente urbano. Tais informa??es podem servir de subs?dio ao planejamento urban?stico-ambiental daquelas comunidades e ao seu desenvolvimento local sustent?vel

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Alves, Tereza Cristina Valverde Araujo [UNESP]. "Parques urbanos de Fortaleza-CE: espaço vivido e qualidade de vida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104416.

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A presente pesquisa está fundamentada nos princípios teóricos e paradigmáticos trabalhados na geografia humanista, ao buscar a categoria do espaço de vida representado nos parques urbanos como locus relacional, no qual o indivíduo em diversas escalas promove permanente e sucessivas trocas no sentido físico e perceptual. A partir dessa problematização foi traçado o norteamento investigativo pautado, sobretudo, na identificação e caracterização dos parques urbanos delimitados à zona urbana de Fortaleza ao longo de um recorte histórico. Em diversos momentos, as falas e impressões dos sujeitos captados na pesquisa empírica puderam revelar elementos importantes para compreensão do papel desses ambientes na qualidade de vida do cidadão. Tanto na formulação da hipótese como na abordagem dos dados, a perspectiva qualitativa embasou a trajetória metodológica, bem como alcance dos objetivos traçados, vez que os resultados da pesquisa revelaram a precariedade como os ambientes dos parques estão representados na fisionomia urbanística da cidade e a luta diuturna de organizações não-governamentais e da sociedade civil na conservação e permanência desses logradouros para a qualidade ambiental e de vida da população. Como resultados conclui-se que a desigualdade sócioespacial reproduzida em diferentes escalas na cidade de Fortaleza é recorrente nas áreas verdes públicas, evidenciada particularmente nos parques por servir de cenários “emblematicamente neutros” aos permanentes fluxos sociais, possibilitando formas integrativas entre as poucas manchas verdes existentes como contraponto à massa edificada, ambientes de “exceção”, voltados ao conforto físico e psicológico do cidadão da metrópole. Ao longo da história urbana da capital cearense os espaços destinados a praças e parques...
The present research is based on the theoretical and paradigmatic principles worked in humanist geography, when searching the category of living space represented in urban parks as relational locus, in which the individual, at various scales, promotes permanent and successive exchanges in physical and perceptual sense. From this problematization, it was traced the investigative direction based, mainly, on identification and characterization of urban parks delimited to the urban area of Fortaleza through historical view. At several times, the speeches and impressions of the subjects, captured in empirical research, could reveal important elements for understanding the role of these environments on the quality of citizens’ life. Both, in the formulation of the hypothesis as in the approach to data, the qualitative perspective underlay the methodological trajectory, as well as the achievement of outlined objectives, once the research results revealed the precariousness like park environments are represented in urban physiognomy of city and the diurnal fight of non governmental organizations and civil society in conserving and keeping these playing fields for quality of environment and quality of peoples’ life. As a result, it is concluded that socio spatial inequality, reproduced in different scales in Fortaleza city, is recurrent in public green areas, evidenced particularly in parks for serving as scenarios “emblematically neutral” since it allows permanent flows of social exchanges, integrative forms among the few existing green spots as counterpoint to the built mass, setting up as environments of “exception”, focused on the physical and psychological comfort of metropolis citizens. Throughout urban history of Cearense capital, the spots for squares and parks have been suffering a gradual reduction, advancing housing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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50

Lemos, Niedja de Almeida Brito. "Bacia hidrográfica urbanizada e degradação ambiental : o vale do rio Jaguaribe - João Pessoa (PB)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2005. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4525.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Intending to be provided with a living, human beings have simultaneously produced not only their history, knowledge, political and social structure, but also the space where they live. On building up their space, individuals have caused serious alterations in nature, which can be noticed throughout the history of human settlements. The new points about them are the intensity of the environment degradation processes, the difficulty to restore the ecosystems within the urban fabric and the compromising degree of the population s quality of life. In this context and in a singular way, there outstand the valleys of urban rivers that even counting upon a specific legislation normalising their occupation have been changed into degraded and segregated places in cities. The urban expansion of João Pessoa (PB) has not produced a different scenario, so resulting in a fast process of degradation of the hydrographical basin of the Jaguaribe River. This study served to show the changes that have occurred in the city area as from 1944, when in an established cut of the high valley the river is seen as gradually separated from the daily routine of the local population, and the absence of political policies envisaging the solution for the social and environmental degradation reality. Today s glance at it somewhat differs from the context, sometimes even being seen like an obstacle as regards the city expansion. Finally, an area fully inserted in the urban mesh, which could have been potentially used as a developing and disciplining vector to such space, has actually concentrated a number of social and environmental problems, resulting from the way the growth ecologically predatory and socially unjust designed them
No intuito de proverem sua existência, os seres humanos produzem simultaneamente não só sua história, conhecimento, estrutura social e política, mas também o espaço em que habitam. Ao produzirem seus espaços, os indivíduos têm provocado sérias alterações na natureza verificadas no decorrer de toda a história dos assentamentos humanos. O novo é a intensidade dos processos de degradação ambiental, a dificuldade de recuperação dos ecossistemas dentro do tecido urbano e o grau de comprometimento da qualidade de vida da população. Nesse contexto, destacaram-se, de maneira singular, os vale dos rios urbanos que, mesmo havendo legislações específicas normalizando sua ocupação, transformaram-se em locais degradados e segregados dentro da cidade. A expansão urbana de João Pessoa (PB) não produziu cenário diferente, resultando num acelerado processo de degradação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaguaribe. O estudo realizado evidenciou as transformações ocorridas nesse espaço a partir de 1944, quando se observou, num recorte estabelecido no alto vale, o rio sendo gradativamente afastado do cotidiano da população local e a ausência de políticas públicas voltadas para solucionar o quadro de degradação social e ambiental. O olhar, que atualmente se lança sobre ele, é como algo distinto do contexto, por vezes até como um obstáculo a ser vencido para expansão da cidade. Enfim, uma área totalmente inserida na malha urbana, que potencialmente poderia ter sido utilizada como vetor de desenvolvimento e disciplinador desse espaço, na realidade concentrou uma série de problemas sociais e ambientais decorrentes da maneira como o desenvolvimento, ecologicamente predatório e socialmente injusto da atualidade, desenhou estes espaços

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban Political Ecology'

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