Academic literature on the topic 'Urban references'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urban references"
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Susanti, Anityas Dian, and Ikaputra Ikaputra. "Morfologi Urban Artefak Kampung Kota." MARKA (Media Arsitektur dan Kota) : Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian 4, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33510/marka.2020.4.1.17-26.
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This paper discusses the morphology of urban kampong which includes the morphology of urban urban kampong artifacts, by first defining what urban kampong morphology is. The discussion in this paper is still general and can still be developed more about the morphology of urban artifacts in urban kampong. Kampung kota is part of an urban area that has Indonesian characteristics. This paper uses the method of studying literature using several references related to morphology. And the references used are those related to morphology and urban kampong. The result of this paper is that the morphology of urban kampong artifacts is that settlements in a city generally occur unplanned. Unplanned parts of urban areas are referred to as settlements that make up cities with morphological principles consisting of streets, plots and buildings.
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Sobrino, José Antonio, and Itziar Irakulis. "A Methodology for Comparing the Surface Urban Heat Island in Selected Urban Agglomerations Around the World from Sentinel-3 SLSTR Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122052.
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Retrieval of land surface temperature (LST) from satellite data allows to estimate the surface urban heat island (SUHI) as the difference between the LST obtained in the urban area and the LST of its surroundings. However, this definition depends on the selection of the urban and surroundings references, which translates into greater difficulty in comparing SUHI values in different urban agglomerations across the world. In order to avoid this problem, a methodology is proposed that allows reliable quantification of the SUHI. The urban reference is obtained from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Land Cover and three surroundings references are considered; that is, the urban adjacent (Su), the future adjacent (Sf), and the peri-urban (Sp), which are obtained from mathematical expressions that depend exclusively on the urban area. In addition, two formulations of SUHI are considered: SUHIMAX and SUHIMEAN, which evaluate the maximum and average SUHI of the urban area for each of the three surrounding references. As the urban population growth phenomenon is a world-scale problem, this methodology has been applied to 71 urban agglomerations around the world using LST data obtained from the sea and land surface temperature radiometer (SLSTR) on board Sentinel-3A. The results show average values of SUHIMEAN of (1.8 ± 0.9) °C, (2.6 ± 1.3) °C, and (3.1 ± 1.7) °C for Su, Sf, and Sp, respectively, and an average difference between SUHIMAX and SUHIMEAN of (3.1 ± 1.1) °C. To complete the study, two additional indices have been considered: the Urban Thermal Field Variation Index (UFTVI) and the Discomfort Index (DI), which proved to be essential for understanding the SUHI phenomenon and its consequences on the quality of life of the inhabitants.
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Fan, Li Ya, Yan Li, and Xue Qiang Wang. "Urban Structure Design Strategy of Energy Conservation." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6686.
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Energy crisis is the major problem that we are facing today. Energy conservation is imminent. In accordance with the idea of asking, analyzing and solving questions, this paper discussed the relationship between urban structure and energy, urban development and energy characteristics of new era, from the perspective of urban design. We proposed several strategies about urban structure design and hope to play on certain references in the practical application.
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Peng, Jun, and Xing Lan. "The Research Reports of Urban Memory of Yichang." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1529.
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Abstract. According to the historical references and the researches on both the new and the old sites of Yichang, this paper analyzed its evolution of urban morphology, relationships of streets and roadways and characteristics of architectures. We put forward suggestions that could guide the urban constructions and strengthen the operation of the theory of urban memory based on its unique environmental and historical culture.
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Liu, Chang, and Yuan Ping Liu. "Study on Space Structure and Characteristic Development under the Urban Functional Orientation - Take the Central Area of Xinzhou as Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 2128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.2128.
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Upon the direction of changes and developments for the urban functional orientation, under the new situation, of Xinzhou, Shanxi province, suggestions and measures are proposed for urban characteristic development of Xinzhou by conducting investigation and evaluation analysis to its current urban space structure, which aims to offer references for the unique functional orientation that urban area of Xinzhou city integrates into Taiyuan metropolitan circle, and characteristic development on space structure.
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Gschrey, Raul. "Contemporary Closed Circuits – Subversive Dialogues. Artistic Strategies against Surveillance." Surveillance & Society 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2009): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v7i2.4140.
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The article presents the artistic project “Contemporary Closed Circuits – Subversive Dialogues” in short, descriptive texts and pictures and includes references to the works by artists and scholars who have contributed texts to the catalogue of the exhibition. In addition to the visual material provided in the text, a documentary video of the exhibition can be accessed online. In an evaluative part, I discuss my experiences during the artistic work and the growing desire to address myself at the public and raise consciousness concerning visual surveillance. The work between art and activism, the question of responsibility and considerations on the development of a new ethics in the age of digitalised surveillance form the final part of the text. Works referenced in the text can be explored further at: http://www.pro-these.com/cctv
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Sun, Hai Jun, Pei Zhang, and Lei An. "Research on Spatial Pattern and Regional Path of Urban-Rural Integration for Typical Metropolitan Area, Northwestern China - Taking Xi'an as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.521.
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This paper analyses spatial Characteristics, influencing factors, power mechanism, development intention and strategic focus based on present urban-rural development situation and problems of Xi'an metropolitan area in details. And then puts forward spatial pattern and corresponding development path for urban-rural development of Xi'an metropolitan area, so as to provide important theory and practice references for urban-rural space integration of other typical metropolitan areas in Northwestern China.
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Wang, Jing, Wei Su, and Cheng Cai Liu. "Analysis on the Present Condition of Typical Buildings in Urban Villages in Zhengzhou." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.211.
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The safety survey on the urban village buildings in Zhengzhou shows that many reasons have caused the hidden dangers in the safety and reliability of the urban village buildings. Based on our survey data, this paper aims at providing theoretical references for the remolding and reinforcement of the urban village buildings and the future construction of the New Village in China, with an appraisement and an mastery on the safety and reliability of the typical buildings in urban villages in Zhengzhou.
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Wu, Yi Zhou. "Urban Spatial System Planning of Disaster Prevention and Refuge." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1061.
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The current urban planning is focused on the economic development, and weakens the basic guarantee for security and crisis prevention function. Taking the case of Taiwan where earthquake happens frequently, the paper introduced its theory and framework of urban planning of disaster prevention and refuge. By analyzing the example of Yuanlin town, this paper selectively introduced some typical planning measures and solutions in order to provide references to urban spatial system planning of disaster prevention and refuge in China.
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Li, Jie, Hong Wei Ma, and Hao Wang. "Development of Green and Intelligent Buildings, Sustainable Urban Planning." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.113.
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Sustainable development has gained an increasing importance in the past thirty years. With the guidance of sustainable development strategy, a great amount of research studies have been conducted in the fields of urban planning, architecture and civil engineering. The works especially focusing on sustainable urban planning, green building design, and the buildings with self-healing deformation capability are reviewed in this paper. The objective is to provide references for practitioners such as urban designers, architects and engineers seeking some clarity on sustainability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban references"
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Mullon, Rachel. "La réception des modèles urbains dans la pratique urbanistique : une entrée par les références en situation de conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2191/document.
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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les discours promotionnels en urbanisme attribuent à un nombre croissant de lieux et de processus le statut de modèles à suivre ou de bonnes pratiques. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment les acteurs opérationnels réceptionnent et utilisent ces modèles lorsqu’ils conçoivent d’autres projets urbains. L’approche construite vise à suivre les acteurs au plus près de leurs pratiques opérationnelles. Pour ce faire, la notion de « modèle » est mise de côté le temps de l’analyse pour lui préférer celle de « référence » dont la définition prend une dimension méthodologique. Une référence est la représentation d’un objet utilisée dans une situation autre que celle dans laquelle il a été élaboré. Tout objet (idée, image, ou texte) peut devenir une référence, mais il ne le devient qu’à partir du moment où sa représentation est citée dans une autre situation. La notion de référence est étudiée dans le cadre de situations de conception, les moments au cours desquels les acteurs réfléchissent, discutent, se projettent seuls ou à plusieurs, et prennent des décisions pour la transformation des usages d’un espace. Deux méthodes sont utilisées. Une méthode par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 30 acteurs opérationnels d’origines variées vise à comprendre la façon dont ces derniers se représentent leurs usages des références. Une méthode d’observation circonscrite de quatre situations de conception au cours desquelles les acteurs sont en train d’élaborer des plans directeurs permet de suivre les usages des références dans des projets en train d’être conçus. Les observations et entretiens réalisés en France et dans l’Oregon aux États-Unis, se complètent et se rejoignent, permettent de découvrir des constantes concernant les usages de références et de redéfinir la notion. Les références sont, au sein d’une grande diversité, urbaines, ancrées et locales. Elles sont utilisées à des fins multiples, aussi bien pour communiquer dans un groupe et y négocier sa place, que pour la forme d’un plan directeur, pour lire un contexte, et pour évaluer des propositions de transformation d’un espace. Cette approche permet d’obtenir une lecture fine de l’usage des références en situation de conception, lecture importante pour le débat actuel de la fabrique de la ville concernant les modèles urbains. En situation, il n’y a pas un modèle mais une multitude de références qui sont citées, mentionnées, analysées ; et chaque plan est le résultat d’un travail articulant le contexte et ces objets cités, des projets, des espaces existants, des formes et objets génériques, et des théoriesOver the last twenty years, promotional discourse on urban development has been assigning the labels of “best practice” or “model to follow” to an increasing number of specific sites and processes. My thesis explores how these models are received and used by urban developers and other relevant actors. My approach aims at following actors as closely as possible with regard to their working practices. To do so, the notion of “model” is put aside and favored over by the notion of “reference”, whose definition is methodologically based. A reference is the representation of an object (idea, image, text) that is cited within a design situation other than the one it was initially conceived in. Any object can become a reference, but it only becomes a reference when its representation is cited in another design situation. The notion of reference is studied during multiple stages of urban design: from conception to moments during which actors think, talk and plan alone or collectively, to decision-making about the transformation of spatial uses. Two methods were used. First, I carried out semi-structured interviews with 30 actors with the aim of understanding how actors perceive their use of references. Second, I observed and analyzed four specific situations during which actors were designing urban masterplans in order to understand the use of references in the design process.Both methods were applied in France and in the USA (Oregon) and converged in their results, leading to a more precise understanding of the notion of reference. References are mainly urban, anchored within a territory and local. They have many purposes, from communicating and negotiating within a group, to making design decisions, as well as reading an urban context and evaluating design propositions. The present analysis of how references are used is particularly useful for the current debate in urban studies concerning policy and the mobility of ideas. In the design process, there is not one model but a multitude of urban objects that are cited, analyzed and described. Each masterplan is the result of a coordination between an actual context and these cited objects, projects, existing spaces, generic objects and forms, and theories
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Vion, Magali. "Nouvelles écritures du réel : les romans de la "generación X" en Espagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL027/document.
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Le roman espagnol contemporain a vu l’émergence dans les années 1990 d’un ensemble de romans publiés par une cohorte de jeunes auteurs regroupés par les critiques sous le nom de «Generación X», appellation sans doute problématique dont nous tenterons néanmoins de délimiter les contours. Nés dans les années 1960, ces auteurs mettent en scène une jeunesse désenchantée dans l'ère des mass media et empreinte de culture rock et punk, à laquelle les critiques les ont souvent assimilés, évoluant dans un cadre résolument urbain (généralement Madrid), qu’ils connaissent pour en avoir souvent été acteurs avant de le mettre en scène. Représentants d’une culture éclectique et contemporaine, la ville et l’univers « underground » et marginal que les romans représentent sont profondément marqués par l’omniprésence de l’image et de la musique, et par le rythme accéléré de la vie moderne. Cela se manifeste dans les modalités d’une écriture novatrice et hétérarchique qui repose sur un mécanisme référentiel imposant et où s’entremêlent différents codes sémiotiques et où le langage de la rue est reproduit de façon mimétique. Ces aspects sont ceux qui permettent d'affirmer la convergence de ces auteurs dans un ensemble de textes qui davantage que le critère biologique permet de les rassembler et de dire que ces romans constituent un jalon dans le mouvement généralisé de retour au réel. Notre thèse consistera à étudier ces aspects, la représentation de la société qui se dégage des romans à travers le traitement et le dépassement des instances classiques du réalisme, et notamment la façon dont les différentes visions et représentations de la ville s’opposent et se superposent pour participer à l’élaboration du portrait d’un secteur dérangeant de la société espagnole de la fin du XXème siècle, qui justifie l’emploi du terme de "realismo sucio" pour qualifier l’esthétique de ces romans. Nous proposerons une approche d’une pluralité de textes représentatifs publiés entre 1990 et 1999 par Francisco Casavella,Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa,José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre ou encore Roger WolfeContemporary Spanish novel saw the emergence in the 1990's of an ensemble of novels published by a group of young authors gathered together by critics under the name of " Génération X ", doubtless problematic naming of which limits we shall nevertheless try to define. Born in the 1960s, these authors represent a disillusioned youth in mass media's era,a youth suffused with rock and punk culture to which the critics often likened them, evolving in a decisively urban space (generally Madrid), that they know for being themselves actors of this scenery before staging it. Representatives of an eclectic and contemporary culture, the city and the " underground " and marginal universe which they represent are profoundly marked by the omnipresence of image and music, and by the accelerated rhythm of modern life. It shows in the modalities of an innovative writing based on an imposing mechanism of references, where various semiotic codes are mixed and where language of the street is mimetically reproduced. These aspects are what authorize us to mantain that more than the authors it is an ensemble of novels that converge and constitute a stage in a generelized realistic turn. Our thesis will consist in studying what kind of overview of spanish society emerges from the way this litterature processes the construction of characters, time and space, and how various visions and representations of the city get confronted and overlap to participate in the elaboration of the portrait of a disturbing sector of the end of the XXth century Spanish society, which justifies the use of the term of " realismo sucio " to qualify the esthetics of these authors. We shall propose an approach of representatives published between 1990 and 1999 by Francisco Casavellas, Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa, José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre and Roger Wolfe
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Fonseca, António José Faria de Carvalho. "A praça como modelo estruturante urbano : projeto de (re)qualoficação urbana no Bairro do Casal Novo - Odivelas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8954.
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Lourencetti, Luiz Antonio [UNESP]. "Descrição e análise de contingências presentes em legislações referentes à mobilidade urbana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132491.
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000852951.pdf: 5209935 bytes, checksum: 87dc5b28f4e741bf9ee6b293d579b21e (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A imprensa noticia com frequencia problemas de mobilidade urbana devido ao crescimento não planejado de muitos municípios brasileiros. Tais informações são corroboradas por agências governamentais como o IBGE e o DANATRAN, que indicam gradativo aumento na proporção de veículos automotores por domicílio e o número total de veículos automotores emplacados em todo o país, respectivamente. Esse crescimento urbano denso e desordenado pode vir acompanhado de consequências nocivas à população, como congestionamentos, poluição sonora e do ar, aumento do número de acidentes de trânsito público deficitário, dentre outros. Diante desse quadro, tornam-se imprescindíveis o planejamento e a proposição de ações e políticas públicas tematizadas pela mobilidade urbanam como forma de evitar ou minimizar eventuais prejuízos e consequências negativas à população. O planejamento de políticas públicas muitas vezes envolve um delineamento de práticas culturais, o que está intrinsecamente relacionado à maneira com que os indivíduos interagem entre si e com as demais instâncias do ambiente em que estão iseridos. Nesse sentido, o conjunto de leis disponíveis no Brasil, em especial o Estatuto da Cidade os Planos Diretores, se efetivamente concretizados, caracterizam-se como instrumentos básicos e norteadores, fornecendo diretrizes para que a mobilidade urbana ocorra de forma sustentável. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo objetivou promover uma análise funcional, identificando prescrições comportamentais, por meio da descrição de contingências comportamentais de três termos, que são direta ou indiretamente referenciadas em legislações acerca da mobilidade urbana, especificamente do Estatuto da Cidade, da Política Nacional Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana e do Plano Diretor Participativo do Município de Bauru-SP. Para isso, adotou-se metodologia descritiva que consistiu na leitura das leis, identificando os termos da...
The press often publishes urban mobility problems due to unplanned growth of many Brazilian cities. These informations are corroborated by government agencies such as IBGE and DENATRAN, which indicate gradual increase of the proportion of automotive vehicles per residence and the total of automative vehicles across the country. This dense and disordered urban growth can be followed by harmful consequences for the population, such as traffic jam, noise and air pollution, increase in the number of traffic accidents, unefficient public transport, among others. Considering this situation planning and proposing actions and policies related to urban mobility, avoiding or minimizing any losses or negative consequences for the population should be priorized. Planning of public policies often involves a design of cultural practices, which is intrinsically linked to the way that people interact between each other and with the environment. In this way, the set of laws available in Brazil, especially the Cities Statute and Director Plans if effectively implemented, are characterized as basic tools, providing guidance to reach a sustainable urban mobility. In this context, this study aimed to promote a functional analysis by identifying behavioral prescriptions through the description of three terms contingencies, which are directly or indirectly referenced in urban mobility laws, specifically the City Statute, the National Policy of Urban Mobility and the Participative Director Plan of the city of Bauru-SP. A descriptive method which consisted of reading the laws, identifying the terms of contingency: Antecendent Context-environmental situations which the context, condition or circumstance in which the behavior occurs or should occur; Reponse - describes and/or indicates, explicitly or implicity, the action or expected action; Consequence - directly or indirectly related to a response consequences. As results 107 complete contigencies were described...
FAPESP: 13/18993-6
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Lourencetti, Luiz Antonio. "Descrição e análise de contingências presentes em legislações referentes à mobilidade urbana /." Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132491.
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Orientador: Kester CarraraBanca: Maria Helena Leite Hunziker
Banca: Diego Zilio Alves
Resumo: A imprensa noticia com frequencia problemas de mobilidade urbana devido ao crescimento não planejado de muitos municípios brasileiros. Tais informações são corroboradas por agências governamentais como o IBGE e o DANATRAN, que indicam gradativo aumento na proporção de veículos automotores por domicílio e o número total de veículos automotores emplacados em todo o país, respectivamente. Esse crescimento urbano denso e desordenado pode vir acompanhado de consequências nocivas à população, como congestionamentos, poluição sonora e do ar, aumento do número de acidentes de trânsito público deficitário, dentre outros. Diante desse quadro, tornam-se imprescindíveis o planejamento e a proposição de ações e políticas públicas tematizadas pela mobilidade urbanam como forma de evitar ou minimizar eventuais prejuízos e consequências negativas à população. O planejamento de políticas públicas muitas vezes envolve um delineamento de práticas culturais, o que está intrinsecamente relacionado à maneira com que os indivíduos interagem entre si e com as demais instâncias do ambiente em que estão iseridos. Nesse sentido, o conjunto de leis disponíveis no Brasil, em especial o Estatuto da Cidade os Planos Diretores, se efetivamente concretizados, caracterizam-se como instrumentos básicos e norteadores, fornecendo diretrizes para que a mobilidade urbana ocorra de forma sustentável. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo objetivou promover uma análise funcional, identificando prescrições comportamentais, por meio da descrição de contingências comportamentais de três termos, que são direta ou indiretamente referenciadas em legislações acerca da mobilidade urbana, especificamente do Estatuto da Cidade, da Política Nacional Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana e do Plano Diretor Participativo do Município de Bauru-SP. Para isso, adotou-se metodologia descritiva que consistiu na leitura das leis, identificando os termos da...
Abstract: The press often publishes urban mobility problems due to unplanned growth of many Brazilian cities. These informations are corroborated by government agencies such as IBGE and DENATRAN, which indicate gradual increase of the proportion of automotive vehicles per residence and the total of automative vehicles across the country. This dense and disordered urban growth can be followed by harmful consequences for the population, such as traffic jam, noise and air pollution, increase in the number of traffic accidents, unefficient public transport, among others. Considering this situation planning and proposing actions and policies related to urban mobility, avoiding or minimizing any losses or negative consequences for the population should be priorized. Planning of public policies often involves a design of cultural practices, which is intrinsically linked to the way that people interact between each other and with the environment. In this way, the set of laws available in Brazil, especially the Cities Statute and Director Plans if effectively implemented, are characterized as basic tools, providing guidance to reach a sustainable urban mobility. In this context, this study aimed to promote a functional analysis by identifying behavioral prescriptions through the description of three terms contingencies, which are directly or indirectly referenced in urban mobility laws, specifically the City Statute, the National Policy of Urban Mobility and the Participative Director Plan of the city of Bauru-SP. A descriptive method which consisted of reading the laws, identifying the terms of contingency: Antecendent Context-environmental situations which the context, condition or circumstance in which the behavior occurs or should occur; Reponse - describes and/or indicates, explicitly or implicity, the action or expected action; Consequence - directly or indirectly related to a response consequences. As results 107 complete contigencies were described...
Mestre
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Akindude, P. O. "Issues in low-income urban housing, with reference to Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640270.
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Since the 1950s, towns and cities of the Less Developed Countries have been experiencing unprecedentedly high rates of population growth. The limited urban housing stock have not been able to cope with the demand for housing. The limited housing units become overcrowded, slums develop in central area of cities, and squatter settlements grow at the periphery. Many ideas such as slum clearance and public housing have been tried in improving the appalling housing situation, which affects mainly the low-income population in urban centres, but with no significant results. Contemporary housing ideas of sites-and-services and upgrading which became gradually accepted from the early 1970s are yet to have pronounced impact on the urban housing condition in Less Developed Countries. Despite the gradual but steady movement by governments of many Less Developed Countries towards sites-and-services and upgrading, public housing, with its high financial cost to the government and its many inadequacies to the low-income groups, continues to be the national housing approach in Nigeria. This thesis is an attempt to examine urban housing approaches in the Less Developed Countries since about the 1950s and, with reference to Nigeria, identify the current major issues in adequately providing housing for the majority of the urban population. Consideration is then given to posible approaches to tackling issues, particularly under the prevailing economic climate in Nigeria. Chapter one is a general introduction to the thesis and it also gives a brief background to the low-income people in Nigeria. Chapter two discusses the urban housing situation in Nigeria and examines various attempts at improving it, particularly with reference to the low-income people. Chapter three reviews the different housing ideas that have evolved over the years, from the 1950s, in Less Developed Countries in an attempt to find a solution to the urban housing problems. In an attempt to improve the situation of low-income peoples' housing in Less Developed Countries, many governments experiment with contemporary housing ideas of sites-and-services and upgrading. Chapter four examines some of the experiments. The experiments with recent ideas by some countries in chapter four show that despite the inherent advantages of sites-and-services and upgrading over previous housing ideas, such as public housing, some major issues are yet to be adequately addressed. Such issues are examined in chapter five. Chapter six is a general discussion on the current major isues identified in the thesis and consideration is then given to possible approaches to tackling them in Nigeria.
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Warnaby, G. C. "The marketing of urban places with specific reference to retailing." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269562.
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Cartes, Ivan. "Sustainable principles of neighbourhood regeneration with reference to Chile." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339649.
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Cutler, Barbara M. (Barbara Mary) 1975. "Aggregating building fragments generated from geo-referenced imagery into urban models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80525.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).
Barbara M. Cutler.
M.Eng.
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Stevens, Christopher Philip. "A study of urban Conservativism: with reference to Sheffield, 1885-1906." Thesis, Teesside University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493845.
Full textBooks on the topic "Urban references"
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Vance, Mary A. Urban redevelopment in the United States: References from 1980 to 1987. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.
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Adeyemi, Abiola. Urban agriculture: An abbreviated list of references and resource guide. Beltsville, Md: USDA, ARS, National Agricultural Library, 1997.
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May, Graham H. Planning and urban development in Western Germany: A bibliography of references in English. Leeds: Centre for Urban Development & Environmental Management, Leeds Polytechnic, 1989.
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Mikkelson, Barbara. Urban legends reference pages. [S.l.]: Barbara and David P. Mikkelson, 2004.
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Williams, Donald C. Global urban growth: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2012.
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Urban Geography: With special reference to Patiala. New Delhi: Rajesh Publications, 2007.
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Khosla, Renuka. Urban politics: With special reference to Kanpur. New Delhi: S. Chand & Co., 1992.
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Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art. Urban planning: A guide to the reference sources. [Montreal]: Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art, 1988.
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Palenzuela, Salvador Rueda. Ecologia urbana: Barcelona i la seva regió metropolitana com a referents. Barcelona: Beta Editorial, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urban references"
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Leyh, Werner. "A Conceptual Building-Block and Practical OpenStreetMap-Interface for Sharing References to Hydrologic Features." In Advances in Human Factors, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure, 137–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60450-3_14.
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van Nes, Akkelies, and Claudia Yamu. "Empirical Data Collection and Analysis, and Connecting Data with Space Syntax." In Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies, 133–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59140-3_5.
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AbstractInprevious chapters, we demonstrated various analytic techniques focusing on the spatial aspects of the built environment. In this chapter, we discuss various methods and techniques for collecting qualitative andquantitative data dealing with human behaviour and how to connect such data to the results from various space syntax analyses. This chapter provides a brief introduction to these methods to stimulate ideas for connecting an array of spatial and socio-economicdata to space syntax. At the end of this chapter, we provide an exercise, references, and further readings.
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"References." In Urban Revolt, 221–36. University of California Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520309715-010.
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"References." In Urban Religion, 195–232. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110634426-013.
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"References." In Urban Humanities. The MIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11666.003.0010.
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"References." In Urban Flow, 225–34. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801462917-014.
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"References." In Urban Agriculture, 73–76. Routledge, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849774857-5.
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"References." In Urban Futures, 241–82. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nh3m7n.20.
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"References." In Urban Land Rent, 229–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118827611.refs.
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"References." In Urban Food Sharing, 99–108. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvfxvd15.13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urban references"
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Como, Alessandra, Luisa Smeragliuolo Perrotta, and Carlo Vece. "Agro-Urban Landscape: the case study of Monteruscello-Naples." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6288.
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If the morphology and the studies on the urban form are closely related to the social aspects and are responsibility of architects and policy makers, the issue becomes even more complicated if we're talking about cities with a high number of buildings under public ownership or urban fragments with important dimensions. In Italy there is a very rare case of recent foundation that is the neighborhood Monteruscello in the city of Pozzuoli. Built in the 80s to face the bradisism events that had made uninhabitable other city areas, Monteruscello today, for its dimension, can be considered a "city in the city" where the 90% of the buildings are under public ownership. The neighborhood's project is designed by Agostino Renna who had built Monteruscello through analogical composition with fragments of spatial references of other places and cities. The architect has put in the neighborhood - mainly made up of rural areas - its urban model adapting it to the specific geography of places. During the years the neighborhood has never built an own identity becoming one of the most degraded areas of the city. The paper deals with the issue of urban form and morphology today starting from the study of Monteruscello - as imagined by its creator through the critical issues that underlie its design - and through an experimental design of a new agro-urban landscape for the neighborhood that involves three hectares of public green spaces - now abandoned - turning them into agricultural lands to urban use and growth resource. References Renna, A. (ed.) (1980) L’illusione e i cristalli : immagini di architettura per una terra di provincia (Clear, Roma) Giglia, A. (1997) Crisi e ricostruzione di uno spazio urbano : dopo il bradisismo a Pozzuoli : una ricerca antropologica su Monteruscello (Guerini, Milano) Capozzi, R. (ed.) (2016) Agostino Renna : la forma della città (Clean, Napoli) Pagano, L. (ed) (2012) Agostino Renna : rimontaggio di un pensiero sulla conoscenza dell’architettura : antologia di scritti e progetti 1964-1988 (Clean, Napoli)
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Marat-Mendes, Teresa, and Maria Amélia Cabrita. "Recovering the Habitat concept within Urban Morphology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5217.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to explore the Habitat debate within ISUF. We quest that within this concept, as placed by Moudon (1997) in her inaugural paper to Urban Morphology, there is an intrinsic call towards an equilibrium between the various dimensions of urban form and a trans-disciplinary approach to the study of urban form, which deserves further investigation.According to Whitehand (2012) specific constrains affected the full concretization of such trans-disciplinary efforts, namely the further specialization of the disciplinary areas. Moreover, as argued by Marat-Mendes (2016), the focus placed by urban morphology on the physical dimensions of urban form has been significantly higher than on the social or human dimensions of the urban form, thus affecting in turn the above-identified equilibrium. In order to contribute to such debate, this paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation (Marat-Mendes, Cabrita, 2015), which seeks to recuperate the concept of Habitat within urban morphology. To do that, it first identifies the concept of Habitat as it was first defined in a number of seminal works to urban morphology (Demangeon, 1926). Secondly, it exposes how did such concept evolved throughout specific historical, disciplinary and methodological contexts (Deyong, 2011). And thirdly, it reveals the impact that such evolution had on the various problematics and scales of approach by those to which the Habitat issue was central for the study of urban from, including some contemporary contributions from various interdisciplinary areas, which seem to be recuperating that concept, although not explicitly. References Demangeon, A. (1926) ‘Un Questionnaire sur L’Habitat Rural, Annales de Géographie 35 (196), 289-292. Deyong, S. (2011) ‘Planetary habitat: the origins of a phantom movement’ The Journal of Architecture 6 (2), 113-128. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘The need for a Habitat Agenda within Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 1 3-10. Marat-Mendes, T. (2016) ‘Physical, social and cultural dimensions of Urban Morphology: redressing the balance?’ Urban Morphology 20 (2)167-168. Marat-Mendes, T., Cabrita, M. A. (2015) ‘A Morfologia Urbana na Arquitectura em Portugal. Notas sobre uma abordagem tipo-morfológica’, in Oliveira et al. (eds.) O estudo da forma urbana em Portugal (UPorto, Porto) 65-94. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2012) ‘Issues in Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 16 (1), 55-65.
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Maretto, Marco, Barbara Gherri, Greta Pitanti, and Francesco Scattino. "Urban Morphology and Sustainability: towards a shared design methodology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5695.
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The information revolution is radically transforming the very foundation of the ‘fossil city’. A ‘virtual’ macro-urbanism will intersect with an ‘actual’ micro-urbanism, physical and concrete, determining the form of the new urban environment. Within the binomial of macro- and micro- urbanism, urban morphology identifies an interesting socio-building scale that can serve as the basic strategy for sustainable city planning in the twenty-first century. Morphology thus becomes the necessary ‘plug-in’ for registering the different ‘networks’ that characterize the contemporary city – from IT and ‘smart’ devices to energy and environmental systems - translating these networks into building practices, into ‘fabrics’, for the physical city. At this purpose an Urban Design methodology has been developed in order to combine the Urban Morphology tools with those of Sustainability giving particular attention to the topics of the comfort outdoor and the passive environmental control systems. The methodology has then been applied in the Sant Adrià De Besos Waterfront Regeneration Project in Barcelona. Neighbourhood’s size, complexity and localisation, between the sea and a large area of brown fields at the northern gateway of the Catalan capital, has set up an interesting testing bench. A sequence of consecutive steps characterizes the methodology in which morphology, architecture and sustainability intersect one another within a single design process. References Gherri B. (2015) Assessment of Daylight Performance in Buildings: Methods and Design Strategies, (WIT Press, Boston). Gherri, B. (2016) ‘Environmental Analysis Towards Low Carbon Urban Retrofitting For Public Spaces’, Proceedings of HERITAGE 2016 – 5th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development,Vol. 1, p. 499-508. Marat-Mendes, T. (2013) ‘Sustainability and the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 17, 123-4. Maretto, M. (2014) ‘Sustainable Urbanism: the role of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 18(2), 163-74. Maretto, M. (2013) Ecocities. Il progetto urbano tra morfologia e sostenibilità (Franco Angeli, Roma).
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Tapia, Yolanda María, Adolfo Vigil-de-Insausti, and María Dolores Montaño. "The urban form in the city of Tulcán, Carchi - Ecuador." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6268.
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Yolanda Tapia¹, Adolfo Vigil de Insausti¹, María Dolores Montaño ² ¹ Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia, ²Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, PUCE. Av. 12 de Octubre 1076, Vicente Ramón Roca, Quito, Ecuador E-mail: yoly.tapiamora@gmail.com, advide@urb.upv.es, mdmontano@puce.edu.ec Keywords: Tulcán, Ecuador, urban, landscape, history Conference topics and scale: The Urban Form, “City and territory in the globalization age” Tulcán, located north in Ecuador is the capital of the province of Carchi. It is a city especially commercial and agricultural whose urban morphology responds to historical, environmental and administrative circumstances, that is how, since 1851, the date on which the “cantonization” takes place begins the formation of the capital city with an urban structure formed in checkerboard that welcomes the traditional nucleus of the typical city of the ecuatorian highlands. With the development of this city, isolated neighborhoods are born out of the original urban fabric that expand in the territory, following the main road connections, eventually to fill the internal space with a morphology of contrasts, as each neighborhood or new occupations are structured individually without thinking of a city of integral formation. The longitudinal growth of the city was marked from its beginning by the river Bobo to the north-west and the river Tajamar to the south-east that keep the city within natural limits, which also provide certain environmental and landscape benefits, however in the the last few decades the city has had a significant growth that threatens an unattended and constantly expanding periphery to these environmental resources. We are facing a heterogeneous city, with problems and possibilities and attending to the idea that the city is an unfinished work, integral and sustainable urban regeneration is the basis for a reordering and a new urban approach. It is therefore proposed to study three strategic lines: the existing city, its internal circuits of connection and the adjacent nature. Establishing initial uses in the city, to occupy the predominant urban void and thus to activate the pubic space. Restructure mobility, which will strengthen the use of new peripheral road infrastructures to reduce motorized circuits in the interior, thus promoting the use of bicycles and the creation of pedestrian routes. Finally, environmental resources will again have the value of landscape and ecological wealth producing around the city a green infrastructure that contains growth and is the link of this with the countryside. References Beery, B. (1975) ‘Consecuencias humanas de la urbanización’, Madrid: Pirámide Hernández, A. (2001) ‘La ciudad estructurada’, en Boletín CF+S 15 Calidad de vida urbana: variedad, cohesión y medio ambiente. (http://habitat.aq.upm.es/boletin/n15/aaher.html) Huertas Nadal, D. (2012) ‘I making Heterotopías, laboratorio de estrategias urbanas’, Vitoria: Universidad Francisco Vitoria Lopez de Lucio, R. (2007) ‘Construir ciudad en la periferia’, Madrid: ETS Arquitectura (UPM) Urbanística y ordenación del territorio Solá-Morales, M. (1997) ‘Las formas del crecimiento urbano’, Barcelona:Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya
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Alakhal, Almabrok. "Regenerating historic Tripoli: urban form, problems and potential." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5692.
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ISUF 2017 XXIV international conference : City and territory in the globalization age. Regenerating historic Tripoli: urban form, problems and potential Mr. Almabrok Alakhal Almabrok.Alakhal@mail.bcu.ac.uk Keywords: Urban regeneration, Urban form, Changing pattern of urban form, Tripoli. Conference topics and scale : Urban morphological methods and techniques. Abstract This paper examines the impact of change, particularly Modernism, on a traditional Islamic urban core: the historic centre of Tripoli. It begins by discussing the historical background of Tripoli, identifying the key periods of urban change and growth through the evidence of historic documentation, maps, photographs and sketches. It focuses on the impact of Modernism, introduced during the Italian colonial period, identifying the nature, scale and speed of change – to the physical environment (streets, plots, buildings, land uses) and social environment (uses and occupiers). This allows the identification of key problems facing the present-day historic city. The paper then identifies examples of upgrading and urban regeneration projects for urban corridors, street networks and public spaces, drawing on local, national and international comparisons, for evaluating quality, and impact on urban form and design. Finally, it discusses the implications for future urban form. References : Development, A.D (2010), Project of rehabilitation of the old city of Tripoli, Code of the old Tripoli city. Remali, A., Porta, S., Romice, O. and Abudib, H. (2015) 'Street quality, life and centrality in Tripoli' , in Vaughan, L.(ed.) Suburban urbanities: suburbs and the life of the high street (UCL Press. London). 01/02/2017 9:30PM
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Alonso de Armiño Pérez, Luis, Gonzalo Vicente-Almazán Pérez de Petinto, and Vicent Cassany i Llopis. "Housing form and city form: Urban morphology and local identity." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5772.
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Housing form and city form: Urban morphology and local identityKeywords (3-5): Building type, urban morphology, Valencia, housing, house floor-plan design This paper aims to analyse the processes of typological evolution of residential buildings in Valencia as a way to outline an 'affiliation' within the city's housing types, capable of endowing a local identity profile beyond European influences that began to generalise from mid-XIX century. The residential fabric of Valencia maintained a certain continuity/ intelligibility in its morphological evolution until the 1970s, in which the development of the 1966 PG marked a turning point, with the progressive incorporation of "modern" forms of housing, vaguely related to the diffusion of CIAM architectural principles. Nevertheless, a most substantial part of the city fabric, amounting to two-thirds of all residential buildings, was built before the 1966 PG, and therefore away from 'modern' housing practices. Most of this fabric, corresponding to neighbourhoods resulting from urban extension projects starting in the second half of the nineteenth century, is made out of serially-aggregated, multi-family buildings or 'houses of flats', forming perimeter blocks, whose profile still characterises visually the city's townscape. To a large extent, these 'houses of flats' are the result of a progressive codification of building prototypes that first appeared in the historic city, originating from the transformation of the traditional city-house. Initially, the transformation began with increasing the number of storeys, successively followed with processes of plot-aggregation, all combined with an horizontal division configuring new housing floor-plans. These processes progressively generated larger buildings, in which the plot shape and dimensions appear as determining instances. References (100 Word) ALONSO DE ARMIÑO, L. y PIÑON, J.L. (1986). La formazione del la Valencia moderna. Sutoria Urbana, (37), 89-114. AZAGRA, J. (1993). Propiedad inmueble y crecimiento urbano. Valencia 1800-1931. Madrid: Síntesis. BRIGUZ Y BRU, G. (1837). Escuela de Arquitectura Civil. Valencia: Joseph de Orga. HERMOSILLA, J. (1750). La architectura civil (manuscrito). DALY, M.C. (1864). L’architecture privée au XIXème siècle, sous Napoléon III MOLEY, C. (1999). Regard sur l’immeuble privé. Architecture d’un habitat 1880-1970. Paris: Le Moniteur. PIÑÓN, J.L. (1988). Los orígenes de la Valencia moderna PONS, A. y SERNA, J. (1992). La ciudad extensa. Valencia: Diputació de València. SANCHO, A. (1855). Mejoras materiales de Valencia. Valencia: Imprenta de José Mateu.
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Camiz, Alessandro. "Diachronic transformations of urban routes for the theory of attractors." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5639.
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Alessandro Camiz ¹ ¹ Department of Architecture, Girne American University, Cyprus, Association for Historical Dialogue and Research, Home for Cooperation (H4C), 28 Marcou Dracou Street, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1102. E-mail: alessandrocamiz@gau.edu.tr Keywords (3-5): urban tissues, urban morphology, urban routes, theory, history Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology Recent urban morphology studies consider urban tissues as living organisms changing in time (Strappa, Carlotti, Camiz, 2016), following this assumption the theory should examine more analytically what Muratori called ‘medievalisation’ (Muratori, 1959), a term describing some of the transformations of urban routes happened in the middle ages. The paper considers the diachronic deformation of routes, and other multi-scalar occurrences of the attraction phenomena (Charalambous, Geddes, 2015), introducing the notion of attractors and repellers. Archaeological studies already do consider attractors and repellers as a tool to interpret some territorial transformations, following the assumption that “the trajectory that a system follows through time is the result of a continuous dynamic interaction between that system and the multiple 'attractors' in its environment” (Renfrew, Bahn, 2013, p. 184). There are different elements that can act as attractors in an urban environment, such as bridges, city walls, city gates, water systems, markets, special buildings, and it is possible to consider each of these anthropic attractors as equivalent to a morphological attractor at the geographical scale. We can even interpret the ridge-top theory (Caniggia, 1976) as the result of attraction and repellence of geographic features on anthropic routes. The territorial scale analysis is the methodological base of the theory, but the attractors herein considered operate at the urban scale, deviating locally across time from a rectilinear trajectory and defining a specific urban fabric. The research interprets and reads the effects of attractors on urban routes and fabrics as a method for the reconstruction of Nicosia’s medieval city walls, in continuity between the Conzenian approach (Whitehand, 2012) and the Italian School of Urban Morphology (Marzot, 2002). References:, Muratori, S. (1959) Studi per un’operante storia urbana di Venezia (Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Roma). Caniggia, G. (1976) Strutture dello spazio antropico. Studi e note (Uniedit, Firenze). Marzot, N. (2002) ‘The study of urban form in Italy’, Urban Morphology 6.2, 59-73. Whitehand, J.W.R. (2012) ‘Issues in urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 16.1, 55-65. Renfrew, C., Bahn, P. (eds.) (2013) Archaeology: The Key Concepts, (London, Routledge). Charalambous, N., Geddes, I. (2015) ‘Making Spatial Sense of Historical Social Data’, Journal of Space Syntax 6.1, 81-101. Strappa, G., Carlotti, P., Camiz, A. (2016) Urban Morphology and Historical Fabrics. Contemporary design of small towns in Latium (Gangemi, Roma).
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Capilla, Vicente Collado, and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón. "URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6020.
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URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: vcc.arq@gmail.com sgpg.sgpg@gmail.com Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment. References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.
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Guedria, Asma. "The urban renewal of Hammam-Lif: The case of Avenue Casino/ Habib Bourguiba." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021188n8.
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The old seaside city of Hammam-lif has undergone several changes since its creation. The urban sprawl is no longer possible since the city reached its limits. This study focuses on urban evolution through different city’s plans. It refers to different bibliographic references. The comparison between old and recent photos illustrates these changes. The city has maintained its urban form but has undergone various changes in functions and density. There have been the introduction of new functions, especially those relating to the tertiary sector. The renewal of old buildings is characterized by the change in their height, which has become more important. These factors lead to a crowded city, with problems of congestion and parking. This study demonstrates one of the problems the city suffers from: the loss of its rich urban and architectural heritage, especially with the problems of safeguarding its two main architectural monuments: “Le Casino” and the beylical palace.
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Erin, Irem, Alessandro Araldi, Giovanni Fusco, and Ebru Cubukcu. "Quantitative Methods of Urban Morphology in Urban Design and Environmental Psychology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5732.
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Irem Erin¹, Alessandro Araldi², Giovanni Fusco2, Ebru Cubukcu1, ¹City and Regional Planning Department. Dokuz Eylul University. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi-Mimarlık Fakültesi Tınaztepe Kampüsü, Doğuş Caddesi No:209, 35160 Buca- IZMIR, Turkey ²Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR ESPACE. 98 Bd Edouard Herriot, BP 3209 06204 NICE cedex 3, France E-mail: irem.erin@deu.edu.tr, alessandro.araldi@unice.fr, giovanni.fusco@unice.fr, ebru.cubukcu@deu.edu.trTelephone number: +905363341475 Keywords (3-5): Morphological analysis, quantitative methods, urban design, environmental psychology Urban morphology investigates “how cities are built and why, how cities should be built, what should be built and what has actually been built?” (Moudon 1997). Together with the qualitative analysis, the founding fathers of urban morphology also proposed quantitative measures of urban fabrics. Allain's methodological work (2004) presents an overview of these quantitative analyses of topological, dimensional and geometrical relations among form elements in urban fabrics. However, urban morphologists have traditionally resisted computer-based geoprocessing of urban form and their calculations were mainly carried out manually. Thanks to technological developments, the number of quantitative studies in urban morphology has increased and fully integrated geoprocessing. More sophisticated computer-aided analyses have increased the potential applications in urban design and in environmental psychology research. Space Syntax (Hillier 1998) and Multiple Centrality Assessment (Porta et al. 2006) are configurational, multi-scale approaches to the analysis of the urban street network, but miss the interplay between streets, building and parcels composing urban fabric. Space Matrix (Berghauser Pont and Haupt 2010) and, more recently, Multiple Fabric Assessment (Araldi and Fusco 2017) are geoprocessing quantitative approaches to the analysis of urban fabric morphology. This study has two aims; (1) classify quantitative urban morphology methods and (2) discuss how these methods could be applied in urban design and environmental psychology. First, the evolution of these methods along with the theories in urban morphology from qualitative to quantitative approaches will be discussed. Methods will be classified by combining their goals, as well as the morphological objects and the scales on which the analyses will focus. Finally, we will discuss how these methods could be combined and used in two different research perspectives: urban design and environmental psychology. References Allain, R (2004) Morphologie urbaine: géographie, aménagement et architecture de la ville, Paris, Armand Collin Araldi A., Fusco G. (2017) Decomposing and Recomposing Urban Fabric: the City from the Pedestrian Point of View, ICCSA 2017 Proceedings (in press) Berghauser Pont, M., Haupt, P. (2010). SPACEMATRIX, Space, Density and Urban Form. Rotterdam, NAi Publishers. Hillier, B. (1998) Space is the machine: A configurational Theory of Architecture, Cambridge University Press. Moudon, A. V. (1997). Urban morphology as an emerging. Urban morphology,1, 3-10. Porta S., Crucitti P., and Latora V. (2006) The network analysis of urban streets: a primal approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33(5):705-725.
Reports on the topic "Urban references"
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Pruitt, Bruce, and S. Kyle McKay. A reference condition index for urban streams. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22821.
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Ehrhart, Brian David, Gabriela A. Bran Anleu, Ethan Sena, Alice Baca Muna, Dongmei Ye, Ethan Hecht, and Carl Rivkin. Hydrogen Refueling Reference Station Lot Size Analysis for Urban Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1604872.
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Crosson, Courtney, Daoqin Tong, and Yinan Zhang. Urban Transportation System Flood Vulnerability Assessment with Special Reference to Low Income and Minority Neighborhoods. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.253.
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Griffin, Andrew, Sean Griffin, Kristofer Lasko, Megan Maloney, S. Blundell, Michael Collins, and Nicole Wayant. Evaluation of automated feature extraction algorithms using high-resolution satellite imagery across a rural-urban gradient in two unique cities in developing countries. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40182.
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Feature extraction algorithms are routinely leveraged to extract building footprints and road networks into vector format. When used in conjunction with high resolution remotely sensed imagery, machine learning enables the automation of such feature extraction workflows. However, many of the feature extraction algorithms currently available have not been thoroughly evaluated in a scientific manner within complex terrain such as the cities of developing countries. This report details the performance of three automated feature extraction (AFE) datasets: Ecopia, Tier 1, and Tier 2, at extracting building footprints and roads from high resolution satellite imagery as compared to manual digitization of the same areas. To avoid environmental bias, this assessment was done in two different regions of the world: Maracay, Venezuela and Niamey, Niger. High, medium, and low urban density sites are compared between regions. We quantify the accuracy of the data and time needed to correct the three AFE datasets against hand digitized reference data across ninety tiles in each city, selected by stratified random sampling. Within each tile, the reference data was compared against the three AFE datasets, both before and after analyst editing, using the accuracy assessment metrics of Intersection over Union and F1 Score for buildings and roads, as well as Average Path Length Similarity (APLS) to measure road network connectivity. It was found that of the three AFE tested, the Ecopia data most frequently outperformed the other AFE in accuracy and reduced the time needed for editing.
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Nelson, Arthur, Robert Hibberd, and Kristina Currans. Transit Impacts on Jobs, People and Real Estate. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.258.
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This report is comprised of five substantive elements. The first is crafting a scientifically sound framework for identifying landscapes within the metropolitan areas we studied. The second is applying those Place Typologies and spatial analysis to economic and demographic change for the transit system in each metropolitan area. The third is analyzing how real estate markets respond to transit system proximity with special reference to the Place Typologies. Fourth, this is followed by specialized studies into how urban form and society are shaped by transit systems. The fifth is providing an overall perspective of our research as well as a framework for unlocking the potential to leverage economic benefits of transit to advance social well-being.
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Appleyard, Bruce, Jonathan Stanton, and Chris Allen. Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors: Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination. Mineta Transportation Institue, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1805.
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The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question -- how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame. With this knowledge and understanding, a key section provides a discussion of tools and metrics and how they can be used in corridor planning. For illustration purposes, this report uses the Smart Mobility Calculator (https://smartmobilitycalculator. netlify.app/), a novel online tool designed to make key data easily available for all stakeholders to make better decisions. For more information on this tool, see https://transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1899-Smart-Growth-Equity-Framework-Tool. The Smart Mobility Calculator is unique in that it incorporates statewide datasets on urban quality and livability which are then communicated through a straightforward visualization planners can readily use. Core sections of this report cover the framework and concepts upon which the Smart Mobility Calculator is built and provides examples of its functionality and implementation capabilities. The Calculator is designed to complement policies to help a variety of agencies (MPOs, DOTs, and local land use authorities) achieve coordination and balance between transportation and land use at the corridor level.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Duvvuri, Sarvani, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.
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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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Baloch, Imdad, Tom Kaye, Saalim Koomar, and Chris McBurnie. Pakistan Topic Brief: Providing Distance Learning to Hard-to-reach Children. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0026.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in mass school closures across the world. It is expected that the closures in low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs) will have long-term negative consequences on education and also on broader development outcomes. Countries face a number of obstacles to effectively delivering alternative forms of education. Obstacles include limited experience in facing such challenges, limited teacher digital and pedagogical capacity, and infrastructure constraints related to power and connectivity. Furthermore, inequalities in learning outcomes are expected to widen within LMICs due to the challenges of implementing alternative modes of education in remote, rural or marginalised communities. It is expected that the most marginalised children will feel the most substantial negative impacts on their learning outcomes. Educational technology (EdTech) has been identified as a possible solution to address the acute impact of school closures through its potential to provide distance education. In this light, the DFID Pakistan team requested the EdTech Hub develop a topic brief exploring the use of EdTech to support distance learning in Pakistan. Specifically, the team requested the brief explore ways to provide distance education to children in remote rural areas and urban slums. The DFID team also requested that the EdTech Hub explore the different needs of those who have previously been to school in comparison to those who have never enrolled, with reference to EdTech solutions. In order to address these questions, this brief begins with an overview of the Pakistan education landscape. The second section of the brief explores how four modes of alternative education — TV, interactive radio instruction, mobile phones and online learning — can be used to provide alternative education to marginalised groups in Pakistan. Multimodal distance-learning approaches offer the best means of providing education to heterogeneous, hard-to-reach groups. Identifying various tools that can be deployed to meet the needs of specific population segments is an important part of developing a robust distance-learning approach. With this in mind, this section highlights examples of tools that could be used in Pakistan to support a multimodal approach that reaches the most hard-to-reach learners. The third and final section synthesises the article’s findings, presenting recommendations to inform Pakistan’s COVID-19 education response.<br> <br> This topic brief is available on Google Docs.
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Regional curve development and selection of a reference reach in the non-urban, lowland sections of the Piedmont physiographic province, Pennsylvania and Maryland. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri014146.
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