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Mullon, Rachel. "La réception des modèles urbains dans la pratique urbanistique : une entrée par les références en situation de conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2191/document.
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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les discours promotionnels en urbanisme attribuent à un nombre croissant de lieux et de processus le statut de modèles à suivre ou de bonnes pratiques. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment les acteurs opérationnels réceptionnent et utilisent ces modèles lorsqu’ils conçoivent d’autres projets urbains. L’approche construite vise à suivre les acteurs au plus près de leurs pratiques opérationnelles. Pour ce faire, la notion de « modèle » est mise de côté le temps de l’analyse pour lui préférer celle de « référence » dont la définition prend une dimension méthodologique. Une référence est la représentation d’un objet utilisée dans une situation autre que celle dans laquelle il a été élaboré. Tout objet (idée, image, ou texte) peut devenir une référence, mais il ne le devient qu’à partir du moment où sa représentation est citée dans une autre situation. La notion de référence est étudiée dans le cadre de situations de conception, les moments au cours desquels les acteurs réfléchissent, discutent, se projettent seuls ou à plusieurs, et prennent des décisions pour la transformation des usages d’un espace. Deux méthodes sont utilisées. Une méthode par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 30 acteurs opérationnels d’origines variées vise à comprendre la façon dont ces derniers se représentent leurs usages des références. Une méthode d’observation circonscrite de quatre situations de conception au cours desquelles les acteurs sont en train d’élaborer des plans directeurs permet de suivre les usages des références dans des projets en train d’être conçus. Les observations et entretiens réalisés en France et dans l’Oregon aux États-Unis, se complètent et se rejoignent, permettent de découvrir des constantes concernant les usages de références et de redéfinir la notion. Les références sont, au sein d’une grande diversité, urbaines, ancrées et locales. Elles sont utilisées à des fins multiples, aussi bien pour communiquer dans un groupe et y négocier sa place, que pour la forme d’un plan directeur, pour lire un contexte, et pour évaluer des propositions de transformation d’un espace. Cette approche permet d’obtenir une lecture fine de l’usage des références en situation de conception, lecture importante pour le débat actuel de la fabrique de la ville concernant les modèles urbains. En situation, il n’y a pas un modèle mais une multitude de références qui sont citées, mentionnées, analysées ; et chaque plan est le résultat d’un travail articulant le contexte et ces objets cités, des projets, des espaces existants, des formes et objets génériques, et des théoriesOver the last twenty years, promotional discourse on urban development has been assigning the labels of “best practice” or “model to follow” to an increasing number of specific sites and processes. My thesis explores how these models are received and used by urban developers and other relevant actors. My approach aims at following actors as closely as possible with regard to their working practices. To do so, the notion of “model” is put aside and favored over by the notion of “reference”, whose definition is methodologically based. A reference is the representation of an object (idea, image, text) that is cited within a design situation other than the one it was initially conceived in. Any object can become a reference, but it only becomes a reference when its representation is cited in another design situation. The notion of reference is studied during multiple stages of urban design: from conception to moments during which actors think, talk and plan alone or collectively, to decision-making about the transformation of spatial uses. Two methods were used. First, I carried out semi-structured interviews with 30 actors with the aim of understanding how actors perceive their use of references. Second, I observed and analyzed four specific situations during which actors were designing urban masterplans in order to understand the use of references in the design process.Both methods were applied in France and in the USA (Oregon) and converged in their results, leading to a more precise understanding of the notion of reference. References are mainly urban, anchored within a territory and local. They have many purposes, from communicating and negotiating within a group, to making design decisions, as well as reading an urban context and evaluating design propositions. The present analysis of how references are used is particularly useful for the current debate in urban studies concerning policy and the mobility of ideas. In the design process, there is not one model but a multitude of urban objects that are cited, analyzed and described. Each masterplan is the result of a coordination between an actual context and these cited objects, projects, existing spaces, generic objects and forms, and theories
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Vion, Magali. "Nouvelles écritures du réel : les romans de la "generación X" en Espagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL027/document.
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Le roman espagnol contemporain a vu l’émergence dans les années 1990 d’un ensemble de romans publiés par une cohorte de jeunes auteurs regroupés par les critiques sous le nom de «Generación X», appellation sans doute problématique dont nous tenterons néanmoins de délimiter les contours. Nés dans les années 1960, ces auteurs mettent en scène une jeunesse désenchantée dans l'ère des mass media et empreinte de culture rock et punk, à laquelle les critiques les ont souvent assimilés, évoluant dans un cadre résolument urbain (généralement Madrid), qu’ils connaissent pour en avoir souvent été acteurs avant de le mettre en scène. Représentants d’une culture éclectique et contemporaine, la ville et l’univers « underground » et marginal que les romans représentent sont profondément marqués par l’omniprésence de l’image et de la musique, et par le rythme accéléré de la vie moderne. Cela se manifeste dans les modalités d’une écriture novatrice et hétérarchique qui repose sur un mécanisme référentiel imposant et où s’entremêlent différents codes sémiotiques et où le langage de la rue est reproduit de façon mimétique. Ces aspects sont ceux qui permettent d'affirmer la convergence de ces auteurs dans un ensemble de textes qui davantage que le critère biologique permet de les rassembler et de dire que ces romans constituent un jalon dans le mouvement généralisé de retour au réel. Notre thèse consistera à étudier ces aspects, la représentation de la société qui se dégage des romans à travers le traitement et le dépassement des instances classiques du réalisme, et notamment la façon dont les différentes visions et représentations de la ville s’opposent et se superposent pour participer à l’élaboration du portrait d’un secteur dérangeant de la société espagnole de la fin du XXème siècle, qui justifie l’emploi du terme de "realismo sucio" pour qualifier l’esthétique de ces romans. Nous proposerons une approche d’une pluralité de textes représentatifs publiés entre 1990 et 1999 par Francisco Casavella,Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa,José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre ou encore Roger WolfeContemporary Spanish novel saw the emergence in the 1990's of an ensemble of novels published by a group of young authors gathered together by critics under the name of " Génération X ", doubtless problematic naming of which limits we shall nevertheless try to define. Born in the 1960s, these authors represent a disillusioned youth in mass media's era,a youth suffused with rock and punk culture to which the critics often likened them, evolving in a decisively urban space (generally Madrid), that they know for being themselves actors of this scenery before staging it. Representatives of an eclectic and contemporary culture, the city and the " underground " and marginal universe which they represent are profoundly marked by the omnipresence of image and music, and by the accelerated rhythm of modern life. It shows in the modalities of an innovative writing based on an imposing mechanism of references, where various semiotic codes are mixed and where language of the street is mimetically reproduced. These aspects are what authorize us to mantain that more than the authors it is an ensemble of novels that converge and constitute a stage in a generelized realistic turn. Our thesis will consist in studying what kind of overview of spanish society emerges from the way this litterature processes the construction of characters, time and space, and how various visions and representations of the city get confronted and overlap to participate in the elaboration of the portrait of a disturbing sector of the end of the XXth century Spanish society, which justifies the use of the term of " realismo sucio " to qualify the esthetics of these authors. We shall propose an approach of representatives published between 1990 and 1999 by Francisco Casavellas, Lucía Etxebarria, Ismael Grasa, José Angel Mañas, Ray Loriga, Benjamin Prado, Pedro Maestre and Roger Wolfe
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Fonseca, António José Faria de Carvalho. "A praça como modelo estruturante urbano : projeto de (re)qualoficação urbana no Bairro do Casal Novo - Odivelas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8954.
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Lourencetti, Luiz Antonio [UNESP]. "Descrição e análise de contingências presentes em legislações referentes à mobilidade urbana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132491.
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A imprensa noticia com frequencia problemas de mobilidade urbana devido ao crescimento não planejado de muitos municípios brasileiros. Tais informações são corroboradas por agências governamentais como o IBGE e o DANATRAN, que indicam gradativo aumento na proporção de veículos automotores por domicílio e o número total de veículos automotores emplacados em todo o país, respectivamente. Esse crescimento urbano denso e desordenado pode vir acompanhado de consequências nocivas à população, como congestionamentos, poluição sonora e do ar, aumento do número de acidentes de trânsito público deficitário, dentre outros. Diante desse quadro, tornam-se imprescindíveis o planejamento e a proposição de ações e políticas públicas tematizadas pela mobilidade urbanam como forma de evitar ou minimizar eventuais prejuízos e consequências negativas à população. O planejamento de políticas públicas muitas vezes envolve um delineamento de práticas culturais, o que está intrinsecamente relacionado à maneira com que os indivíduos interagem entre si e com as demais instâncias do ambiente em que estão iseridos. Nesse sentido, o conjunto de leis disponíveis no Brasil, em especial o Estatuto da Cidade os Planos Diretores, se efetivamente concretizados, caracterizam-se como instrumentos básicos e norteadores, fornecendo diretrizes para que a mobilidade urbana ocorra de forma sustentável. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo objetivou promover uma análise funcional, identificando prescrições comportamentais, por meio da descrição de contingências comportamentais de três termos, que são direta ou indiretamente referenciadas em legislações acerca da mobilidade urbana, especificamente do Estatuto da Cidade, da Política Nacional Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana e do Plano Diretor Participativo do Município de Bauru-SP. Para isso, adotou-se metodologia descritiva que consistiu na leitura das leis, identificando os termos da...
The press often publishes urban mobility problems due to unplanned growth of many Brazilian cities. These informations are corroborated by government agencies such as IBGE and DENATRAN, which indicate gradual increase of the proportion of automotive vehicles per residence and the total of automative vehicles across the country. This dense and disordered urban growth can be followed by harmful consequences for the population, such as traffic jam, noise and air pollution, increase in the number of traffic accidents, unefficient public transport, among others. Considering this situation planning and proposing actions and policies related to urban mobility, avoiding or minimizing any losses or negative consequences for the population should be priorized. Planning of public policies often involves a design of cultural practices, which is intrinsically linked to the way that people interact between each other and with the environment. In this way, the set of laws available in Brazil, especially the Cities Statute and Director Plans if effectively implemented, are characterized as basic tools, providing guidance to reach a sustainable urban mobility. In this context, this study aimed to promote a functional analysis by identifying behavioral prescriptions through the description of three terms contingencies, which are directly or indirectly referenced in urban mobility laws, specifically the City Statute, the National Policy of Urban Mobility and the Participative Director Plan of the city of Bauru-SP. A descriptive method which consisted of reading the laws, identifying the terms of contingency: Antecendent Context-environmental situations which the context, condition or circumstance in which the behavior occurs or should occur; Reponse - describes and/or indicates, explicitly or implicity, the action or expected action; Consequence - directly or indirectly related to a response consequences. As results 107 complete contigencies were described...
FAPESP: 13/18993-6
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Lourencetti, Luiz Antonio. "Descrição e análise de contingências presentes em legislações referentes à mobilidade urbana /." Bauru, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132491.
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Orientador: Kester CarraraBanca: Maria Helena Leite Hunziker
Banca: Diego Zilio Alves
Resumo: A imprensa noticia com frequencia problemas de mobilidade urbana devido ao crescimento não planejado de muitos municípios brasileiros. Tais informações são corroboradas por agências governamentais como o IBGE e o DANATRAN, que indicam gradativo aumento na proporção de veículos automotores por domicílio e o número total de veículos automotores emplacados em todo o país, respectivamente. Esse crescimento urbano denso e desordenado pode vir acompanhado de consequências nocivas à população, como congestionamentos, poluição sonora e do ar, aumento do número de acidentes de trânsito público deficitário, dentre outros. Diante desse quadro, tornam-se imprescindíveis o planejamento e a proposição de ações e políticas públicas tematizadas pela mobilidade urbanam como forma de evitar ou minimizar eventuais prejuízos e consequências negativas à população. O planejamento de políticas públicas muitas vezes envolve um delineamento de práticas culturais, o que está intrinsecamente relacionado à maneira com que os indivíduos interagem entre si e com as demais instâncias do ambiente em que estão iseridos. Nesse sentido, o conjunto de leis disponíveis no Brasil, em especial o Estatuto da Cidade os Planos Diretores, se efetivamente concretizados, caracterizam-se como instrumentos básicos e norteadores, fornecendo diretrizes para que a mobilidade urbana ocorra de forma sustentável. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo objetivou promover uma análise funcional, identificando prescrições comportamentais, por meio da descrição de contingências comportamentais de três termos, que são direta ou indiretamente referenciadas em legislações acerca da mobilidade urbana, especificamente do Estatuto da Cidade, da Política Nacional Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana e do Plano Diretor Participativo do Município de Bauru-SP. Para isso, adotou-se metodologia descritiva que consistiu na leitura das leis, identificando os termos da...
Abstract: The press often publishes urban mobility problems due to unplanned growth of many Brazilian cities. These informations are corroborated by government agencies such as IBGE and DENATRAN, which indicate gradual increase of the proportion of automotive vehicles per residence and the total of automative vehicles across the country. This dense and disordered urban growth can be followed by harmful consequences for the population, such as traffic jam, noise and air pollution, increase in the number of traffic accidents, unefficient public transport, among others. Considering this situation planning and proposing actions and policies related to urban mobility, avoiding or minimizing any losses or negative consequences for the population should be priorized. Planning of public policies often involves a design of cultural practices, which is intrinsically linked to the way that people interact between each other and with the environment. In this way, the set of laws available in Brazil, especially the Cities Statute and Director Plans if effectively implemented, are characterized as basic tools, providing guidance to reach a sustainable urban mobility. In this context, this study aimed to promote a functional analysis by identifying behavioral prescriptions through the description of three terms contingencies, which are directly or indirectly referenced in urban mobility laws, specifically the City Statute, the National Policy of Urban Mobility and the Participative Director Plan of the city of Bauru-SP. A descriptive method which consisted of reading the laws, identifying the terms of contingency: Antecendent Context-environmental situations which the context, condition or circumstance in which the behavior occurs or should occur; Reponse - describes and/or indicates, explicitly or implicity, the action or expected action; Consequence - directly or indirectly related to a response consequences. As results 107 complete contigencies were described...
Mestre
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Akindude, P. O. "Issues in low-income urban housing, with reference to Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640270.
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Since the 1950s, towns and cities of the Less Developed Countries have been experiencing unprecedentedly high rates of population growth. The limited urban housing stock have not been able to cope with the demand for housing. The limited housing units become overcrowded, slums develop in central area of cities, and squatter settlements grow at the periphery. Many ideas such as slum clearance and public housing have been tried in improving the appalling housing situation, which affects mainly the low-income population in urban centres, but with no significant results. Contemporary housing ideas of sites-and-services and upgrading which became gradually accepted from the early 1970s are yet to have pronounced impact on the urban housing condition in Less Developed Countries. Despite the gradual but steady movement by governments of many Less Developed Countries towards sites-and-services and upgrading, public housing, with its high financial cost to the government and its many inadequacies to the low-income groups, continues to be the national housing approach in Nigeria. This thesis is an attempt to examine urban housing approaches in the Less Developed Countries since about the 1950s and, with reference to Nigeria, identify the current major issues in adequately providing housing for the majority of the urban population. Consideration is then given to posible approaches to tackling issues, particularly under the prevailing economic climate in Nigeria. Chapter one is a general introduction to the thesis and it also gives a brief background to the low-income people in Nigeria. Chapter two discusses the urban housing situation in Nigeria and examines various attempts at improving it, particularly with reference to the low-income people. Chapter three reviews the different housing ideas that have evolved over the years, from the 1950s, in Less Developed Countries in an attempt to find a solution to the urban housing problems. In an attempt to improve the situation of low-income peoples' housing in Less Developed Countries, many governments experiment with contemporary housing ideas of sites-and-services and upgrading. Chapter four examines some of the experiments. The experiments with recent ideas by some countries in chapter four show that despite the inherent advantages of sites-and-services and upgrading over previous housing ideas, such as public housing, some major issues are yet to be adequately addressed. Such issues are examined in chapter five. Chapter six is a general discussion on the current major isues identified in the thesis and consideration is then given to possible approaches to tackling them in Nigeria.
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Warnaby, G. C. "The marketing of urban places with specific reference to retailing." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269562.
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Cartes, Ivan. "Sustainable principles of neighbourhood regeneration with reference to Chile." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339649.
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Cutler, Barbara M. (Barbara Mary) 1975. "Aggregating building fragments generated from geo-referenced imagery into urban models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80525.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).
Barbara M. Cutler.
M.Eng.
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Stevens, Christopher Philip. "A study of urban Conservativism: with reference to Sheffield, 1885-1906." Thesis, Teesside University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493845.
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Wanyeki, Ian. "Use of a dwelling-referenced geographic information system to characterize urban tuberculosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81249.
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Using ArcView 3.2 software, all active TB cases reported in the former city of Montreal 1996--2000 were precisely geo-coded, that is mapped to the corresponding residential address. For comparison, using a case-cohort approach control dwellings were randomly selected from the municipal dwelling GIS, with a 10:1 ratio. We identified 595 case and 5950 control dwellings. Census tract data from the 1996 Canadian Census as well as dwelling characteristics from the Montreal housing database were attributed to both case and control dwellings. Multivariate logistic regression was used with dwelling status (case vs. control) as the dependant variable, to evaluate the independent influence of crowding and other socio-demographic factors.A high-precision housing GIS complemented census data in pinpointing and characterising the occurrence of TB in Montreal. It provided a more refined assessment of the impact of local crowding, after adjustment for other important factors.
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Cantuaria, Gustavo A. C. "Trees and microclimatic comfort : with special reference to Brasilia, Brazil." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367224.
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Krishnaswamy, Vidya. "Minimum design standards strategies for specific urban locations with reference to India." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063105/.
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McElligott, James Anthony. "Community education in British urban priority areas with special reference to Hull." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018943/.
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This thesis develops a model of community education for non traditional adult learners from the least socially and educationally advantaged groups living in the priority areas of urban Britain. The model is investigated through a case study of a community education project situated within North Hull. The thesis is organised into six chapters. Chapter One commences with a detailed analysis of urban priority areas and examines the cumulative effects of post war material conditions, social dislocation and educational underachievement. Educational proposals for ameliorating the situation are reviewed, including the idea of closer links with the home and neighbourhood as part of a community education solution. Chapter Two develops this emerging theme of community education by examining compensatory and reconstructionist models of British community education in which USA models of compensation and the idea of community problem solving became influential Following this early discussion, a model for community education in priority areas is proposed in Chapter Three. The model has the overall purpose of developing adult learners and achieving more open and accessible institutions through a two stage continuum of learning opportunities. Chapter Four describes the North Hull Community Outreach Project which investigates the model in practice. In Chapter Five an evaluation of the case study is carried out to analyse the potential value of the model. Chapter Six brings together the main findings of the thesis. These suggest that the educational problems of non traditional adult learners are the result of the cumulative interaction between situational, institutional and dispositional factors in the priority area situation which serve to diminish the importance of education. The proposed model hence should be regarded as developmental with the potential capacity of engaging adults in mainstream educational opportunities which may provide the skills and knowledge needed to challenge and possibly change the material inequalities in the situation.
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Hitam, Mizan Bin. "Development policies and the urban kampung : an investigation into urban development policies related to the future of Malaysian urban kampungs with special reference to Malacca." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321289.
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Zen, Ismawi Bin Hj. "Integrating urban landscape resources into the urban planning systems in Malaysia, with a special reference to the use of GIS." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20882.
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From a modest beginning as practical steps for fire prevention in the 1890s, urban planning in Malaysia has matured into a profession concerned with all aspects of development. As in many other developing countries, there are many problems and issues that need almost immediate and simultaneous attention. With limited resources, emphasis has tended to be on socio-economic goals. In the process environmental aspects such as landscape resources have not been given due consideration. The loss of much of these resources as the result of a rapid urban development highlights the need for a new approach to be adopted. The thesis discusses the need for a model to ensure that the concerns of these resources are fully integrated into the urban planning process, and for an approach that must allow for the development of a systematic landscape resources inventory, its presentation and analysis. The dynamic nature of urban development means that the system must also be able to incorporate almost daily updating and analysis. The versatility of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is well placed to serve this purpose. The study starts with an understanding of the importance of the various landscape resources within the historic Kuala Lumpur Old Town, proceeding to sketch a model that would help to integrate these resources into the existing urban planning system. Using ARC/INFO software, the model demonstrates in sketch outline and by example typical variables of an urban landscape database for Kuala Lumpur Old Town. Using the available planning data applied to 3 case studies. The first of these looks at the Bukit Nenas Forest Reserve, the second at the Kelang-Gombak Rivers Corridor, and the third at the so-called colonial shophouses.
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Kashti, Amatsia Y. "The estimation of urban domestic water use : a study with reference to Leeds." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2690/.
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The privatisation of the water industry in 1989 highlighted the need for greater precision in planning water resources. The absence of any large scale research on the pattern of domestic water use (DWU) accentuated the ignorance of the utilisation of more than 50% of supplies. With the gradual introduction of domestic metering during the mid 1980s, there has been a considerable growth in information in this area. Since privatisation, the number of metered properties has risen and now amounts to 6% of the population. The data accumulated on the subject of domestic water use have increased the ability to understand better some of the processes involved, although there remained two major stumbling blocks on the way to analysing fully these data. Firstly, the nature of the meters and the frequency with which they are read makes the understanding of the components which make up domestic water use almost impossible; and secondly, the profile of metered households is, by its nature, biased towards new properties which often have meters installed in them automatically, and small households, who opt to have a meter installed as they perceive financial gain resulting from it. Under such circumstances the data containing the results of two surveys conducted by Yorkshire Water in 1992 are used in a new approach to geographical modelling. In the first stage the components with the highest DWU coefficients are determined by statistical means. A microsimulation technique, which lies beyond the scope of this work, is used in the second stage to model the spatial distribution of domestic water use in Leeds by using household components derived from the data by statistical means. The uniqueness of this thesis is in its association of these two techniques. The overall conceptual analysis of all the issues involved in DWU, together with results of the two analyses, allow a better understanding of domestic water use of all properties, whether they possess a meter or not, from the smallest geographical unit - the household - to any spatial aggregation required. The implications of this model for policy formulation and management strategy are numerous. The ability to forecast demand whilst incorporating environmental and economic scenarios, combined with the ability to concentrate on any geographical scale, renders this approach extremely useful in future developments which the water industry is about to enter.
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Adam, Eltayeb Elhag Ahmed. "Culture, architecture and the urban form with special reference to privacy, Omdurman, Sudan." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4245/.
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Taileb, Ali. "Sustaining urban systems and people's perception : with reference study to Edinburgh and Ottawa." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/148.
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Wells, Caragh. "Writing the city : the urban novel in Spain with particular reference to Barcelona." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267208.
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Zahid, Zuhair Hassan. "Urban planning in Saudi Arabia, with special reference to the Nitag Omrani Programme." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1459/.
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Lam, Han. "Minibus transport in Far Eastern cities, with special reference to Beijing." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1337/.
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Transport systems employing small sized vehicles and operated under an informal institutional structure are the essence of unconventional wisdom of urban transport planning in the Third World. The minibus is one of the many types of unconventional passenger carriers which primarily originate from indigenous technology. In the Far East, minibuses play a crucial role in moving commuters in large urban areas. Using minibuses in urban passenger transport services is interesting phenomena in urban transport planning in both developed and developing countries. Being small the minibus can ply along narrow streets often seen in crowded residential quarters and thus provide users with a high level of accessibility to trip ends. Furthermore, providers of minibus transport services are profitable, associated with small scale business and informal organizational structure and, more interestingly, often under private ownership. The minibus system in Beijing is one of the most recent public transport systems established in the Far East. It is distinctive in that the providers can be financially viable under state ownership and in large fleets. This study examines the system's service style, ownership pattern and organizational structure which are thought to have influenced the undertakings' financial performance. The findings suggest that neither ownership nor institutional structure contributes directly to profitability. The main factors for financial viability rest upon the self-reliance and entrepreneurship within the industry, which stimulates labour efficiency of the crews. Besides, the 'near-monopolistic' market and the limited total supply serving a huge population, also create opportunities for providers to charge high fares. On the basis of the findings, the study recommends that, in order to encourage the passenger transport business, a competitive market mechanism should be developed within the industry, with the participation of all sectors. The major outcome of this study is the building of a model of transport planning for developing cities. The essence of the model is that in low-income countries, cheap labour is an important resource which should be utilized fully in substitution for expensive imported technology, and that the use of modern technology should follow the affordability of the citizens and the condition of economic development. In conclusion, the study confirms that the unconventional transport wisdom is an appropriate approach that should be given proper weight, especially in the developing world.
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Lai, Siu-fung Esther. "Urban design control in Hong Kong with particular reference to the design quality of built form." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25797013.
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Saunders, Todd D. "Ecology and community design : with special reference to Northern European ecological communities." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22548.
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I write this thesis based on the premise that many environmental problems are the result of conventional community design. I argue that conventional community designs are "anti-ecological" because they consume too much energy, produce an extraordinary amount of waste, are car-oriented, ignore any relationship with the natural environment, and reflect the irresponsible attitude of man conquering nature. However, I suggest that ecologically responsible community design alternatives do exist. I refer to these alternatives as "ecological communities". These communities attempt to function as ecosystems that conserve natural resources, are self-regulating, and produce little waste.I present the central principles of ecological communities, and then explore the validity of these assertions. Using five ecological communities from Northern Europe, I examine the following principles: (1) alternative energy systems at the community-scale, (2) wastewater treatment and water reclamation, (3) waste management in the community, (4) ecologically sustainable landscapes, and (5) environmentally responsible housing.
Finally, I present my observations and conclusions. The observations are intended to help community designers to understand the characteristics of ecological communities, and perhaps some of the conditions necessary for these communities to exist. The hope is that these observations may assist community designers avoid common mistakes on similar projects. The observations may shorten the time designers require to transfer their ideas from theory into practice. I conclude that when compared with conventional communities--not with perfection or the utopian dream--ecological communities and what they represent can provide designers with viable development alternatives.
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Wild, L. S. "Planning and rural development, with particular reference to two districts of Oxfordshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315937.
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Punter, Matthew Steven. "Tourist transport system with particular reference to the South West of England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288020.
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Akkar, Zubeyde Muge. "The 'publicness' of the 1990s public spaces in Britain with a special reference to Newcastle upon Tyne." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/847.
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Public spaces, which have been one of the integral components of cities for centuries, have become subject to broad concern for more than two decades. Particularly under the shadow of globalisation and privatisation, attractive and alluring public spaces have been placed at the centre of the major world cities and the old-industrial cities competing as part of a search for new niches in the competitive urban markets. Starting from the late-1970s, the significance of public spaces has also been increasingly recognised by the central and local governments in Britain. A number of `well-designed' public spaces were developed especially through the regeneration and revitalisation schemes of the derelict lands of industrial estates, declining waterfronts and city centres. The recent interest in British public spaces is a promising sign, as the decline and decay had lately become their predominant characteristics. Nevertheless, it raises major questions about their `publicness'. As an outcome of these questions, this thesis focuses on the problem of the `publicness' of the 1990s public spaces in Britain. It concentrates on the two recently developed public spaces in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne. By employing the case study method as a research strategy, this research, first, examines the history of the two public spaces, as well as their physical, psychological, social, political, economic and symbolic roles and problems just before the recent redevelopment schemes began. Then, it analyses the `publicness' of the recent development schemes of both public spaces through i) planning and design, ii) construction, iii) management and maintenance, iv) use phases with regard to the criteria of `access', `actors' and `interest'. Here, it mainly tries to see whether the `publicness' of the public spaces has reduced or increased with the recent development schemes. Finally, comparing one case to another, it seeks to show the similarities and differences of both public spaces in terms of the change in their `publicness' with the recent development schemes. The findings of the research lead us to draw the conclusion that, with the recent development schemes, both cases turned into `good-looking' and `well-maintained', but `less' public spaces than they used to be.
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Chung, Hwan-Yong. "Urban growth determinants in Korea : with special reference to the three regional metropolitan cities." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6070/.
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Korea has severe spatial problems as a result of rapid urbanisation and urban growth. In order to clarify urban growth processes, this study involves the identification of the major urban growth determinants which have influenced urban growth and change in Korea. Through both, theoretical and empirical studies, three major determinants were identified: accessibility, industrial structure, and development institutions. The term "accessibility" indicates-not only physical nearness but also functional connections with relevant areas. The findings -of the research show that there are strong positive relationship between-accessibility and urban growth in -Korea. As a composite economic indicator, - urban industrial structure reflects the soundness of urban economic activities in terms of employment opportunities, income generation, and innovation adoption. Thus, it can be assumed that an urban place which has a more advanced industrial structure can bring more urban growth than one without such a structure. This study suggests that urban growth in Korea has been strongly influenced by manufacturing oriented' industry growth. Development institutions have particular meanings for urban growth in Korea as urban growth has been greatly influenced by development policies initiated by central government. These include economic development, national land development, and industrial location policies. These three determinants reinforce or counteract each other to influence the speed and direction of urban growth and change. The impacts of these determinants can change according to the circumstances of the urban growth environment in Korea. The meaning of locational factors has changed from their physical aspects to their functional oriented aspects. In many more developed countries, the emphasis has shifted from manufacturing oriented industrial structures to service and/or information oriented industrial activities. Development institutions, can also be changed from centralised to decentralised forms in terms of decision making regarding urban growth and change. However, although circumstances may changes, the importance of the three determinants will not be weakened because of their critical importance for urban growth and change. These three determinants are proxy factors of three important aspects in the urban environment: accessibility for location, industrial structure for economic activities, and development institutions for the institutional context. The findings of this research suggest that urban, growth policies should focus on the administration of these three determinants. Without efficient management for these determinants, -it will be very difficult to tackle national spatial -problems. To encourage urban growth in particular areas, the situational circumstances of the three determinants in those places should, be improved with control measures in other areas. Further research on these three determinants is required to test their validity _ under changing circumstances and different urban growth environments.
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Yang, Chin-hong. "The commercialization and privatization of urban housing in China : with special reference to Shanghai." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302592.
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Ntakana, Khululekani. "Urban resilience determinants with specific reference to the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495.
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The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
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Potts, Deborah. "Urbanization in Malawi with special reference to the new capital city of Lilongwe." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317532/.
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This thesis examines the process of urbanization in Malawi, with special reference to the new capital city, Lilongwe. At independence Malawi inherited an extremely underdeveloped urban system. It is argued that colonial Nyasaland's involvement in the migrant labour system and its reluctant membership of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland were contributory factors, both of which related to Nyasaland's economically and politically subordinate position in Southern Africa. Analysis of the static and dynamic nature of independent Malawi's urban system shows it to be very simplistic. It is emphasized that the growth of the truly 'urban' population in most of the small centres in the urban hierarchy has been slow, and that institutional hindrances and government perceptions of the urban process may dissipate the impact of policies designed to promote their development. The major aspect of urban policy since 1964 has been the development of Lilongwe, which the government emphasized had two objectives: to create a new capital replacing the colonial creation of Zomba, and to develop a growth centre to promote greater regional equality and act as a counterattraction to the commercial 'capital' of Blantyre. President Banda's key role in the: instigation of this project is empahasized, and it is suggested that the second objective was rhetorically promoted as a justificatory expedient. The results of original research on urban policy implementation and private sector investment in Blantyre and Lilongwe support the contention that government commitment to Lilongwe as a growth centre is weak, and also draws attention to problems inherent in applying such strategies in small, underdeveloped economies such as Malawi's. Lilongwe's economic development has not been in theoretical accordance with that of a growth centre. Nevertheless although it is proposed that a new capital programme per se cannot be used as a surrogate for a regional development policy, major infrastructural developments in Lilongwe have allowed it to provide a degree of economic competition to Blantyre. These are argued to be mainly associated with government commitment to its development as the capital city rather than its weakly developed growth centre role.
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Latham, NgaYan Natalie C. "A study of sustainable transportation planning and sustainability indicators with reference to Berkeley, California and Portland Oregon." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68569.
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Guzkowska, M. A. J. "The effects of urban runoff on lakes in Bracknell New Town : With special reference to diatoms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371653.
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Harjoko, Triatno Yudo, and n/a. "Urban kampung: its genesis and transformation into metropolis, with particular reference to Penggilingan in Jakarta." University of Canberra. Resources, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050411.145222.
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Urbanism in the discipline of architecture has largely been confined to the
analysis of physical appearance of cities. Such an analysis may overlook the crucial
issue, which is political, on the spatial formation of a city like Jakarta This formation
results from the structuration process of a society where the production and
reproduction of society assumes domination from one another. In a dual society, such
as in the city of Jakarta, such a process has an implication of the urban form, that is,
the dual quality of urbanism.
This study examines this dual image of Jakarta, with a particular concern for
the transformation of the inner dynamic of its social life. It concerns the triad of
knowledge-power-space in which the society is produced and reproduced in the timespace
dimension. The kampung is investigated as a locale of social practices,
especially in regard to the low-income urban population. The idea and term
tropotopia is introduced to describe urban form or spatiality that is in a continuous
process of formation and transformation.
The study looks particularly the history of the reproduction of society in
Indonesia, where dominant social systems control allocative and authoritative
resources. Such practices primarily govern the spatial formation of Jakarta. In these
systems, planners and designers acting as agents have played crucial roles in the
structuration of society, and of the space. Planners and designers are seen to be part
of the episteme that develops and informs the poor relation of society. The
dissertation concludes with a reflection on the ways in which the dual quality of
Jakarta is revealed in the interplay in social practices within a triadic knowledge-power-
space.
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Taghvaee, Ali A. "Planning strategies to reduce rural-urban disparities in developing countries, with particular reference to Iran /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht125.pdf.
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Al-Shareef, Mohammad Muslat. "Urban metamorphosis of Arab-Muslim cities : with particular reference to At-Taif City, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261910.
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Al-Awais, Saeed Ahmed. "Urban forestry in Saudi Arabia : with special reference to street trees in the Eastern province." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315585.
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Pirbabaei, Mohammad Taghi. "Urban form and state: an approach to investigate cities' spatial concepts with reference to Iran." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411709.
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Kondratenko, Irena. "Urban retrofit building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in Scotland : with particular reference to double skin facades." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 2003. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4065/.
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Edwards, Brian William. "Urban design and conservation in Glasgow 1840-1901 : with particular reference to the Old Town." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 1989. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4039/.
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TABJULU, VAMSI K. "A Study of Circulation Patterns in Downtowns with reference to Cincinnati, OH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204828503.
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Williams, Sherman Dexter Vernanson. "Issues in agricultural restructuring for food security in developing island economies, with special reference to the Caribbean community." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78993.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1988.Title as it appeared in MIT Graduate List, June 1988: Issues in agricultural restructuring for ensuring food security in developing island economics.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Sherman Dexter Vernanson Williams.
M.C.P.
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Kidess, Charles I. "Towards an ideology of urban form : open space in the built environment with particular reference to the arid urban environment in the Middle East /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHM/09archmk46.pdf.
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Hirschfield, A. F. G. "Urban deprivation; its causes, manifestation and inter-relationships with urban social structure and health status : An investigation with specific reference to Leeds Metropolitan District." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371844.
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Eladawi, A. G. "Office planning and development in an expanding city with reference to the City of Alexandria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372519.
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Ghanbari, Parsa Ali Reza. "The interaction of planning policies and construction technologies in Iran with reference to China & Japan." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/306.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between planning and the construction industry. It puts forward the concept of Planning Construction Interactions (Pl.C.I) and sets out to validate this concept by the examination of three hypotheses. The production of the built environment is a complex process involving the activities of different agents. The physical evidence of the development process is found in the form of hospitals, houses, roads and physical and social infrastructure. The construction industry is one of the main actors in the development process which plays an important role in the economic development by its contribution to Value Added, Capital Formation, Gross Domestic Product and Employment Generation. The failure of development plans in many developing countries is due to many factors. There is evidence from these countries of plans having been devised on the basis of inappropriate policy agendas and technology. The source of inappropriacy is often foreign technology and expertise. In order to identify the constraints to development, the planning construction processes are examined in three countries: Iran, China and Japan. The main part of the thesis is devoted to Iran. In this context a detailed analysis of economic development and physical planning since the end of the Second World War is presented. As a result of this investigation a number of factors are identified which have a direct impact on the construction industry. It is also argued that development policies have a direct impact on the choice of construction technology and materials. Appropriate technology is commonly thought to offer a panacea. The result of a case study of the process of technology transfer is presented. The Iranian case identifies the reasons for failure of appropriate technology whilst the examination of the Chinese development demonstrates the importance of appropriate technology in national development since the 1949 revolution. A part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the planning and construction processes in Japan. This is focused on the role of the construction industry in the economic development of that country and how it is affected by government actions. Japan offers an interesting mechanism of planning and implementation processes. This developed from the introduction of a series of land use planning policies allowing for the involvement of the private construction sector in the financing and provision of infrastructure in urban areas. A series of recommendations are made in the context of post war Iran. A possible framework for the development of the construction industry is put forward which emphasises the use of appropriate technology and building materials. This is seen as part of the integrated development planning approach.
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Brown, Alison P. "Land tenure and forestry in Scotland : a socio-legal study with particular reference to crofter forestry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388943.
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This thesis explores the relationship between land tenure and land use, and specifically, the involvement in woodland management of tenants holding land under crofting tenure in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. In the early 1990s, several changes to the social and political context of land use in Scotland were occurring. Forestry policy began to reflect growing environmental concerns; agricultural policy encouraged diversification of land use and farm incomes; and changes to land tenure were being proposed and debated, with crofting tenure taking a prominent place. Tenancy as legal and social relations, and the way in which law is constructed and interpreted are explored. A socio-legal approach was used, drawing on the perspectives of sociology and geography of law. A combination of qualitative methods were used, including in-depth interviews with tenants and with staff of a range of organisations, questionnaires, and analysis of public records, legislation, judicial decisions and the press. Applications by tenants throughout Scotland for planting grants were taken as a starting point. Of the relatively small number of such applications, it was found that the vast majority of tenants involved in woodland schemes were crofters. Two types of crofter initiative were seen, those by households and those by villages on common grazings. These were investigated, in order to explain their type and geographical distribution, reflecting both the regulatory framework and the state of community life and crofting. Improving the environment and the benefits of shelter and fencing, rather than timber production, were the main motivations, reflecting the opportunities given by the changes in forestry policy. Unlike agricultural tenants, crofters' status as tenants was not seen as an obstacle that had to be overcome, and there are many other reasons why crofters do not become involved in woodland. In general, though, their legal rights are of little concern to crofters until a conflict arises. A small minority of village schemes, however, ran foul of the legislative provision that landlords must give consent.
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Ayres, Andrew Geoffrey. "An environmental and management quality audit of the urban renewal process : with reference to urban renewal schemes in Sandwell and the renewal process in England." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284422.
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Nyamukachi, Pfungwa Michelle. "Options for urban service delivery in South Africa with special reference to the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04262005-083207.
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黎少鳳 and Siu-fung Esther Lai. "Urban design control in Hong Kong with particular reference to the design quality of built form." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980387.
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