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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban renewal Housing policy'
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1
Bailey, Nick, and Douglas Robertson. "Housing Renewal, Urban Policy and Gentrification." Urban Studies 34, no. 4 (April 1997): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098975925.
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Baber, M. "Urban Renewal Policy and Community Change." Practicing Anthropology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.20.1.b674032u385803j2.
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Throughout the 1960s and 1970s federal, state, and local governments worked together to implement policies that expanded the nation's highway systems, encouraged suburban expansion, and funded wholesale clearance projects in so-called slum and depressed inner city areas. These policies created programs that directly affected African Americans in cities all over the United States by targeting older neighborhoods, eliminating affordable (though substandard) housing, dislocating families and extended networks, and replacing what existed with highway overpasses, widened city streets, massive sewer projects, parks, and public housing. The residents of the affected neighborhoods were not involved in the planning, much of which took place years before the programs were implemented, and their voices were not well represented at public hearings. Absentee land owners, who leased properties to African Americans, capitalized on Urban Renewal opportunities, selling their holdings or allowing them to be claimed by condemnation or eminent domain for "fair market values." Those who were displaced had few options for relocation and resettled in other areas where they could find affordable housing, creating new low-income neighborhoods where they were once again tenants of absentee landlords. Traditional services—beauty and barber shops, medical offices and other businesses—were dispersed and people found it harder to conduct business with their friends and neighbors. Streets were broken up by highways, and people without transportation could no longer walk to the traditional business areas. Consumer activity was dispersed to new areas in cities, weakening the African American business foundation and causing many businesses to fail.
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Crook, A. D. H., and M. Moroney. "Housing Associations, Private Finance and Risk Avoidance: The Impact on Urban Renewal and Inner Cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 11 (November 1995): 1695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271695.
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In this paper a case study of the link between housing and urban policy in Britain is presented. The impact that policy on housing associations has had on inner cities and on urban renewal is examined. The impacts of recent changes in government policy about capital and revenue funding (which expose housing associations to risk), on the type and location of housing schemes are also investigated. It is shown that these impacts are inconsistent with the government's inner city and housing renewal objectives.
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Gilbert, Pierre. "Social stakes of urban renewal: recent French housing policy." Building Research & Information 37, no. 5-6 (November 2009): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613210903186638.
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de Jong, Wiebe, and Maykel Verkuyten. "Urban renewal, housing policy and ethnic relations in Rotterdam." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 22, no. 4 (October 1996): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1996.9976568.
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Yang, Hee Jin. "Spatio-Temporal Changes of Housing Features in Response to Urban Renewal Initiatives: The Case of Seoul." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 7918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197918.
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Over the past two decades, Seoul has been in a transitional period in terms of urban renewal approaches. Housing is a fundamental element of citizens’ lives and the built landscape, thus, it deserves thoughtful scrutiny. As such, this study empirically investigates the dynamics of the spatial and temporal characteristics of housing stock within the context of new urban renewal policies in Seoul. A fine-grained and multifaceted analysis shows that the supply of new apartments has decreased over time, revealing that denser housing redevelopment in the inner city has become more difficult. In addition, an exploratory spatial data analysis indicates that although spatial clustering of old housing units has been reduced, new housing units have become more spatially distributed and outwardly dispersed over time. Since the physical and locational changes of housing stock are closely related to urban renewal initiatives, this study suggests that the city government needs to incorporate the concept of sustainable urban growth management into its housing supply and renewal policies.
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Troy, Laurence. "The politics of urban renewal in Sydney’s residential apartment market." Urban Studies 55, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017695459.
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Australia has long had a deeply speculative housing property market. Arguably this has been accentuated in recent years as successive governments have privileged private-sector investment in housing property as the key mechanism for delivering housing and a concurrent winding back of direct government support for housing. This has occurred through a period in which urban renewal and flexible planning regulation have become the key focus of urban planning policy to deliver on compact city ambitions in the name of sustainability. There has been a tendency to read many of the higher density housing outcomes as a relatively homogenous component of the housing market. There has been a comparative lack of critical engagement with differentiated spatial, physical and socio-economic outcomes within the higher density housing market. This paper will explore the interactions between flexible design-based planning policies, the local property market and physical outcomes. Different parts of the property development industry produced distinctive social and physical outcomes within the same regulatory space. Each response was infused with similar politics of exclusion and privilege in which capacity to pay regulated both access and standard of housing accessible, opening new socio-economic divisions within Australia’s housing landscape.
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Weinstein, Liza, and Xuefei Ren. "The Changing Right to the City: Urban Renewal and Housing Rights in Globalizing Shanghai and Mumbai." City & Community 8, no. 4 (December 2009): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01300.x.
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This article examines the changing housing rights regimes amidst the urban renewal currently underway in Shanghai and Mumbai. We examine the policies and regulations that govern residential security and housing tenure, the alteration of policy implementations by electoral and extra–electoral contestations, and the opportunities and strategies for housing activism in each context. We find that political contestations have enabled the construction of a more protective, although precarious, regime in Mumbai than in Shanghai. Despite striking differences, in both contexts housing rights regimes have produced fragmented urban citizenship rights by distributing protections unevenly and inconsistently to urban residents. Finally, although the forms of housing activism differ, residents and civil society groups in both Shanghai and Mumbai employ a variety of strategies in their resistance against demolitions and urban renewal. in the process, they become active urban citizens by articulating their rights to housing and by making new claims to the city.
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Zhong, Xiaohua, and Ho Leung. "Exploring Participatory Microregeneration as Sustainable Renewal of Built Heritage Community: Two Case Studies in Shanghai." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061617.
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Since the 1990s, Shanghai has experienced massive urban development and renewal as ways to respond to its demographic, economic, and living space needs. Previous policies have led to the demolishment of many historical communities and valuable heritage housing. The existing ones continue to face extreme threats, such as bad physical conditions and the marginalization of communities. Yet there is a recent trend that emphasizes sustainable urban renewal named microregeneration (微更新), launched by municipal and local states since 2016. One of the main approaches of the initiative was to form new urban coalitions to focus on collaborative governance that helps integrate different agents’ expertise and values for more sustainable urban developments and renewals. This paper explores two cases on how this concept has emerged. The first case is An Shan Si Cun (鞍山四村). This housing block was built in the 1950s for employees of some state-owned enterprises. The second case is Jing Lao Cun (敬老邨). This alley house neighborhood was built in 1930s for migrants who came to Shanghai. Furthermore, this paper is to explore and compare their approaches to sustainable urban renewal, which attempts to preserve these communities that represent cultural and built heritage in Shanghai. Specifically, this paper examines the challenges and accomplishments of these experiments, and discusses policy implications for future tactics of sustainable urban renewal.
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Yelling, Jim. "Public policy, urban renewal and property ownership, 1945-55." Urban History 22, no. 1 (May 1995): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011378.
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Although plans for urban renewal after 1945 were largely based on clearance and redevelopment, the changed circumstances of post-war Britain also favoured a revival of interest in the repair and improvement of older housing. The article looks at the different approaches of Aneurin Bevan and Harold Macmillan, and at the reasons why only limited, if useful, progress was made. It stresses the significance of a repairs backlog in conjunction with the politics of property ownership and political conceptions of the conditions under which public money could be invested in urban renewal. In such considerations repair and improvement presented far greater difficulties than clearance and redevelopment, and this was an essential element in the continuing popularity of the latter method.
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Williams, Glyn, Umesh Omanakuttan, J. Devika, and N. Jagajeevan. "Planning a ‘slum free' Trivandrum: Housing upgrade and the rescaling of urban governance in India." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 256–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418784305.
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This paper examines how India’s national urban development agenda is reshaping relationships between national, State and city-level governments. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, the flagship programme that heralded a new era of urban investment in India, contained a range of key governance aspirations: linking the analysis of urban poverty to city-level planning, developing holistic housing solutions for the urban poor, and above all empowering Urban Local Bodies to re-balance relationships between State and city-level governments in favour of the latter. Here, we trace Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission’s implementation in Kerala’s capital city, Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram), where the city’s decentralised urban governance structure and use of ‘pro-poor’ institutions to implement housing upgrade programmes could have made it an exemplar of success. In practice, Trivandrum’s ‘city visioning’ exercises and the housing projects it has undertaken have fallen short of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission’s lofty goals. The contradictions between empowering cities and retaining centralised control embedded within this national programme, and the unintended city-level consequences of striving for Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission funding success, have reshaped urban governance in ways not envisaged within policy. As a result, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission has been important in rescaling governance relationships through three interlinked dynamics of problem framing, technologies of governance and the scalar strategy of driving reform ‘from above’ that together have ensured the national state’s continued influence over the practices of urban governance in India.
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Elander, Ingemar, and Annika SchÉEle. "Evaluating Housing Renewal Policy in Sweden: An Interest-Oriented Approach." Journal of Urban Affairs 11, no. 4 (December 1989): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1989.tb00202.x.
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Mckee, Guian. "Urban Deindustrialization and Local Public Policy: Industrial Renewal in Philadelphia, 1953–1976." Journal of Policy History 16, no. 1 (January 2004): 66–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2004.0004.
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In an obscure footnote to his groundbreaking study of deindustrialization in Detroit, Thomas J. Sugrue notes that “the history of industrial renewal in postwar American cities is still largely unwritten.” A review of the historiography of the postwar city confirms this statement. Historians have carefully explored the problems of low-income housing provision, red lining, and urban racial conflict, as well as the destructive consequences of federally subsidized highway construction, urban renewal, and suburbanization. With only limited exceptions, however, few scholars have examined the history of local policy strategies that addressed the disappearance of urban manufacturing jobs.
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Coudroy de Lille, Lydia, and Caroline Bouloc. "Urban renewal in post-industrial districts: the example of Lyon Metropolis." Mazowsze Studia Regionalne 2020, no. 33 (June 2020): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21858/msr.33.05.
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Urban renewal issues in France are very often discussed with reference to the demolition or renovation of large-scale housing estates. But these issues also concern former industrial areas which have their own distinct architectural, social, and economic difficulties. This article aims to present analysis of these differences using the example of two case studies in the Lyon metropolitan area, the second largest agglomeration in France. First, we outline the background of urban policy in France and Lyon in particular, together with mapping “priority geography” of urban policy in Lyon. Our two case studies, La Saulaie and Carré de Soie, are located in suburbs of the metropolis. Through our analysis of the social and spatial features of these two renewal projects which are currently under way, we demonstrate that urban renewal policies in France are multi-layered, and that the case of Lyon illustrates especially robust engagement on the part of local authorities. Tackling poverty and isolation are the priorities in La Saulaie. In Carré de Soie, the challenges are to create a public transportation hub, a new housing market, and to attract companies to this new secondary centre. We also show that urban renewal operations are not limited to the areas defined by the “priority geography”.
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Mahadevia, Darshini, Minal Pathak, Neha Bhatia, and Shaurya Patel. "Climate Change, Heat Waves and Thermal Comfort—Reflections on Housing Policy in India." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 1 (March 2020): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320906249.
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Housing ideally supplies many physical comforts, social and economic benefits, as well as forms the basis for the right to the city. It also addresses an additional challenge of adaptation to the current as well as expected impacts of climate change—one of them being heat waves—especially in the context of developing countries like India. Few studies in the Indian context have explicitly examined the experience of heat on the indoor temperatures linked to the housing quality and typologies and the quality of the surroundings. Official state and urban policies do not explicitly include heatproofing for existing or new housing to address indoor heat exposure, especially in the case of vulnerable populations. We have measured the indoor and outdoor temperatures in 860 low-income residents living in three different housing typologies in 26 settlements (formal and informal) of Ahmedabad, India, in peak summer months. Building the case for a long-term urban housing strategy to address the impact of indoor temperature particularly for low-income households and residents of informal housing, we argue that conscious and deliberate efforts towards heatproofing existing informal housing are required. One of the options, which is being pursued currently, is transiting informal housing dwellers to formal housing. But, another one for immediate consideration is renewal of current informal housing due to limited coverage possibility of the first option.
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Han, Hoon, Sumin Kim, Mee Youn Jin, and Chris Pettit. "Providing affordable housing through urban renewal projects in Australia:." International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.9.2_41.
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Adunola, Adewale Oluseyi. "Housing Sustainability Challenges in a Nigerian City." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (September 24, 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8092.
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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper discusses housing sustainability challenges and applicable sustainable urban renewal strategy for Nigerian cities, and thereby emphasizes the dimension of government-instituted urban renewal policy. This is with a view to projecting the need for urban housing sustainability with respect to developing countries A field survey conducted in Ile-Ife, a typical Nigerian city in its South-Western region is used to appraise the extent of the housing sustainability challenges. The four areas for the survey- Itakogun-Okerewe, Ogbingbin, Obalufon-Ilara and Igboya, were purposively selected from the Ife Central Local Government which constitutes the central area of Ile-Ife. The conditions of the houses and neighbourhoods were assessed by means of administration of questionnaire to residents and observation. In each of the four areas surveyed, the findings indicated that the built environment was deplorable. The indoor and outdoor environmental quality factors were unsatisfactory to respondents and the essential services were not in serviceable condition. The study concluded that the poor and uncomfortable housing and environmental living conditions in the city core areas reflected the stress of urbanization. The findings, though limited in scope to one typical Nigerian city, give insight that housing challenges of urban central areas are in unsustainable dimensions. It was recommended that there must be a commitment to adequate and far-reaching urban renewal programmes based on sustainability, energy conservation and human comfort. Government intervention in the dynamics of the urban environment in Nigeria is urgently required to effect good governance and acceptable urban management.</span></p>
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García, Ivis. "Human Ecology and Its Influence in Urban Theory and Housing Policy in the United States." Urban Science 3, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020056.
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Human ecology, a stream of planning, was developed by Park, Burgess, and Hoyt. This theoretical model emphasized mobility and assimilation as natural paths to housing. This essay offers an analysis of its influence on urban theory and policymaking in the United States. Using planning-specific analyses, the author interrogates the relationships between structural and ecological interpretations of urban change within early planning theory. A particular focus is given to housing policies and models such as tipping point, segregation, and gentrification. These human ecological interpretations inspired and shaped urban renewal and redlining practices, along with public and affordable housing in the United States. The essay concludes with a criticism of the ecological ideas of spontaneous order and the claims of naturally balancing economic systems and conceptions of personal responsibility and choice.
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Priemus, Hugo. "Housing and New Urban Renewal: Current Policies in the Netherlands." European Journal of Housing Policy 4, no. 2 (January 2004): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461671042000269047.
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Zheng, Wei, Geoffrey Shen, Hao Wang, and Patrizia Lombardi. "Critical issues in spatial distribution of public housing estates and their implications on urban renewal in Hong Kong." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-09-2014-0047.
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Purpose – Public housing in Hong Kong plays an essential role in accommodation supply to people of low income. Access to social resources and rent levels of nearby private residential housing are two critical issues impacting the well-being of residents living in public housing estates. However, previous research has rarely focused on the spatial distribution of public housing estates through exploring these two critical issues. On the other hand, Hong Kong is currently experiencing an urban renewal process. It would be beneficial to consider these critical issues for spatial allocation of public housing in urban renewal decision making. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these two critical issues in relation to the spatial distribution of public housing estates in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – Seven spatial variables were selected to reflect these critical issues. Spatial analysis in Geographic Information System was conducted to process the data required. Multiple logistic regression was employed to analyse the relationships between the spatial location of public housing estates and the seven selected variables. Findings – Based on the analysis results, several problems as well as geographical advantages of the current location of public housing estates were discovered, which can be valuable references for decision making by government authorities for public housing development in the future. Originality/value – This research is a pilot study on the spatial distribution of public housing estates and the critical influencing factors in Hong Kong, undertaken by applying both spatial analysis and statistical methods. It can help relevant decision makers deal with current problems of public housing location and make informed decisions on where to locate new housing projects in an urban renewal process, which can increase the equal distribution of social resources and improve the well-being of people living in public housing.
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Ronald, Richard. "The Remarkable Rise and Particular Context of Younger One–Person Households in Seoul and Tokyo." City & Community 16, no. 1 (March 2017): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12221.
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Numbers of one–person households in East Asia have expanded dramatically in recent decades, especially among younger cohorts living in cities. In explaining this shift, research has largely addressed changes in socioeconomic and policy conditions that have interacted with family and marriage norms. This paper, however, is concerned with interactions of shifting urban and housing conditions that have channeled particular manifestations of single–dwelling featuring shifts in housing pathways among younger–adult cohorts toward living alone in rental housing. Focusing on Seoul and Tokyo as centers of growth, we consider how urban features, specifically housing markets and high–speed renewal of the built–environment, have shaped and contributed to the rise in one–person households, as well as how the proliferation of singlehood and living alone is reshaping the lives of younger people in urban neighborhoods. This shift represents a particular disruption in social and spatial reproduction that has implications for cities in this region more generally.
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García-Amaya, Alicia María, Rafael Temes-Cordovez, Moisés Simancas-Cruz, and María Pilar Peñarrubia-Zaragoza. "The Airbnb effect on areas subject to urban renewal in Valencia (Spain)." International Journal of Tourism Cities 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 361–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-03-2020-0041.
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Purpose In the past decade, urban tourism has increased worldwide as a result of the development of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation platforms such as Airbnb, causing a major disruption to the tourism industry and urban space. The expansion of tourist accommodation in cities has motivated many governments to act, to control its effects and reduce conflicts between tourists and residents. The purpose of this paper is to identify the attractions that have motivated the concentration of P2P accommodation and its effects in specific areas of Valencia different from the historical centre: the Russafa and El Cabanyal-Canyamelar neighbourhoods. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used includes fieldwork and spatial analysis of factors such as the housing market, tourist attractions, local businesses and urban renewal policies. Findings The current spatial distribution pattern of tourist housing in Valencia is the result of the convergence of various factors: the initial presence of tourists in some areas; the evolution of certain aspects of the neighbourhood due to urban renewal; the concentration of tourist and leisure activities; the effects of the legal framework Originality/value Many researchers have addressed the effects of rising short-term rentals (STRs) in cities, but the causes of their concentration in specific neighbourhoods different from historical centres have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This research looks in depth at the urban causes and effects of the spatial distribution of tourist housing in Valencia, to anticipate possible future concentrations of STRs in other areas and to avoid gentrification. The methodology and results could be applied to other cities. The research implies a detailed and analysis of different aspects that act simultaneously such as the housing market, the evolution of the population and changes in the business.
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van der Waals, Jochem F. M., Walter J. V. Vermeulen, and Pieter Glasbergen. "Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Housing: Experiences in Urban Renewal Projects in the Netherlands." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 21, no. 3 (June 2003): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0037j.
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It is increasingly being recognised that the housing sector can contribute to reductions in the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). The renewal of existing residential areas offers opportunities to reduce CO2 emissions. However, technical options for CO2-reduction, such as insulation, solar energy, and combined heat and power, often fail to materialise. For a better understanding of why options for CO2-reduction are applied or rejected, it is insufficient to consider only the economic and technical features of these options themselves: factors related to planning processes play an important role as well. Experiences in urban renewal projects suggest that a combination of local process management and national top-down strategies is needed to go beyond conventional building practices.
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Elliott, James R., Kevin Fox Gotham, and Melinda J. Milligan. "Framing the Urban: Struggles Over HOPE VI and New Urbanism in a Historic City." City & Community 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-6841.2004.00093.x.
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Recent debate over the federal HOPE VI program has focused primarily on whether local applications have met administrative pledges to provide adequate affordable housing to displaced residents of newly demolished public‐housing developments. In this research we take a different direction, examining local processes of political mobilization and strategic framing around a specific type of HOPE VI redevelopment—one that includes construction of a big‐box superstore as part of proposed urban renewal. We argue that the HOPE VI program's formal alignment with New Urbanism created a political opportunity for competing actors to adopt and espouse selective new urbanist themes and imagery to construct and advance divergent visions of what urban space ought to be. Through these framing strategies and struggles, the developer, displaced residents, and opposition groups produced “the City” as a rhetorical object that each then used to advocate specific redevelopment proposals while de‐legitimating competing claims. In this way, the HOPE VI program constitutes more than a new federal housing policy; it offers a new vocabulary for framing and mobilizing collective action in contemporary urban centers.
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Wyly, Elvin K., and Daniel J. Hammel. "Islands of decay in seas of renewal: Housing policy and the resurgence of gentrification." Housing Policy Debate 10, no. 4 (January 1999): 711–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1999.9521348.
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Bae, Woongkyoo, UnHyo Kim, and Jeongwoo Lee. "Evaluation of the Criteria for Designating Maintenance Districts in Low-Rise Residential Areas: Urban Renewal Projects in Seoul." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 5876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215876.
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Since the 1970s, the South Korean government has been redeveloping blighted residential environments and adopting large-scale redevelopment policies to solve urban housing-related problems. However, it is difficult to designate areas for redevelopment and identify areas where redevelopment is currently unfeasible. This study establishes a framework to support decision-making in a selection of housing renewal districts. The proposed Residential Environment Maintenance Index (REMI) overcomes the limitations of existing indicators, which are often biased toward physical requirements. Using this, we rationalize the designation of maintenance areas by considering both physical and social requirements and outline the renewal district designation procedure. To derive REMI, we used an analytic hierarchy process analysis and estimated the index’s reliability by clarifying the relative importance and priority of the indicators based on surveys of 300 subject matter experts. We analyzed various simulations by applying REMI at sites where maintenance is currently planned or discharged in Seoul. These reveal that the total number of urban renewal projects can be adjusted by adjusting the number of renewal district designations through the proposed REMI according to the economic situation. The results have implications for understanding REMI’s possible application and flexible management at the administrative level to pursue long-term sustainable development.
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Vervaeke, Monique, and Benedicte Lefebvre. "Public Policy and Renewal of Old Housing: The Case of Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Housing Studies 14, no. 6 (November 1, 1999): 839–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673039982579.
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Liu, Chunhui, and Weixuan Song. "Perspectives of Socio-Spatial Differentiation from Soaring Housing Prices: A Case Study in Nanjing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092627.
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Launched in 1998, the market-oriented reform of urban housing has given urban housing the dual attributes of residence and investment, and led to the rapid growth of housing prices as well as the intensification of its spatial differentiation within cities. However, the spatial patterns of the differentiation and its mechanism as well as socio-spatial effects are rarely touched. This paper studies 3963 urban residential districts in central Nanjing and explores the socio-spatial differentiation pattern and process of the urban housing prices and its growth in Nanjing based on the sample data of housing transactions over 30 quarters during the period of 2009–2017. The paper concludes that, by splitting the research duration into phases of six quarters each, the average housing prices in Nanjing alternates between “rapid growth” and “relatively stable” phases. At the same time, this paper finds that the spatial heterogeneity of housing prices in the city has been enhanced constantly, and the price gap in different types of residential housing has been clearly widened. In combination with the price level, location characteristics and architectural attributes of residential districts, this paper has categorized housing in Nanjing into nine typical types in a comprehensive manner. Based on the differences in their spatial attributes such as location, comfort and scarcity etc., different types of residences exhibit different pricing and price-to-rent ratio growth models. Based on those findings, we discussed the mechanism of the socio-spatial differentiation of housing prices in Nanjing from the housing reform and strategies of urban renewal and expansion. Beyond that, we discussed the role of urban housing consumption in the process of (re)production of urban classes, and its negative effects on urban young people, rural immigrants and other disadvantaged families. At the end of the paper, the policy suggestion about the supply-side reform of the housing market to promote socio-spatial equity and sustainable development is also presented.
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Nilsson, Mats. "CO2-reduction in housing—experiences in building and urban renewal projects in The Netherlands." Energy Policy 32, no. 1 (January 2004): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00235-5.
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Sato, Shunichi. "Urban Renewal for Earthquake-Proof Systems." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0095.
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In the latter half of the twentieth century we have cities with a population of ten million or more and highly developed rapid transit and freeways. By December 1972, the total population of Tokyo, the Capital of Japan, had grown to 11.6 million. Tokyo, standing with New York City, Shanghai, and London, is now one of the world's largest cities. In the Japan islands, people are moving to bigger cities on a large scale. This may be concluded from the fact that the economic miracle transformed a battered Japan into one of the greatest industrial nations of the world during the last decade. Economic and industrial activity was concentrated in limited areas, especially on the outskirts of large cities which furnished the consumer markets and in the built-up town areas which envelop minor enterprises allied with big industries. As the nation's largest city and its capital, it was only natural that Tokyo's postwar population growth should have outpaced the rest of the country, because it was the center of the world's highest national economic growth. Tokyo also now plays an important role as a center of political power as in it are concentrated the legislative bodies, the judiciary, and the natural administration. The fact that today's national activities in every field including culture and economy are related to the central political activity accerates the centralization of head offices of enterprises in Tokyo where they can best cope with the economic policy of the government. The number of publications from Tokyo, for example, is 80 per cent of the national total. Tokyo is the center of the country. This centralization brings us much benefit and at the same time it exerts an evil influence. Tokyo is suffering from urban problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, housing shortages, etc. which are also major problems in the other big cities in the world. The rapidity of the centralization of people and industries in Tokyo has made matters worse. An administrative report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government analyzes the situation as follows, "An emergence of super high buildings and coiling freeways in the center of Tokyo has dramatically changed it into a modernized city, but at the same time the change has brought about the by-products of air pollution and traffic jams that threaten our daily life and health. Housing shortages, commuter congestion and rising prices are also detrimental to the goal of a happy citizenry". In November 1972, the World Conference of Great Cities was held in Tokyo; when the Tokyo Declaration was announced stating, "we cannot deny the fact that science and technology which have brought about many benefits to human beings are also having destructive effects in the large cities," it was enough to remind each participant of the seriousness of their urban problems. There is also a saying, "city planning in the twentieth century is a fight against cars and slums." Indeed the city is product of civilized society and it fares well or ill coincidentally with changes in economy and society supported by the civilization. One must not forget that the main host of a city is neither industry nor machinery, but human beings. A city is a settlement designed for human beings. Therefore we must discharge our duty without delay to fight under given conditions for urban reconstruction with co-existing residential, industrial, and commercial zoning making a comfortable city in which to live and work. We can easily imagine the dreadful damage an overcrowded Tokyo will suffer during a great earthquake. The experience of ruinous damage brought about by repeated earthquakes in the past tells us that the continuing sprawl and overcrowding of Tokyo will undoubtedly increase the danger. Even the newest scientific technology cannot prevent earthquakes. We must, therefore, recognize that it is not the mischief of nature, but the easygoing attitude of people that brings much of the ruin and damage by earthquakes. That means that peoples' efforts have been the minimum, and so we are now meeting the challenge of reorganization of the functions and structures of Tokyo from the civil engineering point of view with human wisdom, courage, and technology.
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Iheme, John Owuike, James Bassey Effiong, and Samuel Bassey Ekung. "The Effect of Government Policy on Housing Delivery in Nigeria: A Case Study of Port Harcourt Low Income Housing Programme." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 61 (October 2015): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.61.87.
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Housing is one of the most important needs of individuals next to food and clothing. Housing needs for low income earners has reached an alarming stage in Nigeria. On the supply side, numerous government policies have earlier aimed at disabling the massive shortage through numerous housing reform programmes. Despite these preceding efforts, housing remains an illusion to an average Nigerian. This research assessed the effect of government policy on housing delivery in Nigeria. The objectives were to determine housing needs of the low income group in Nigeria and to determine the impact of government policies on affordable housing provision to the low income group. Survey method was used to collect data from 44 respondents through the administration of questionnaires which was analyzed with statistical tools. The findings from the study shows that insufficient fund is closely related to other finance related factors identified as barriers to the accessibility of public housing by the low income group who are non-public servants. Such factors as high interest rate, low per capita income, lack of security of income, lack of collateral and high cost of public houses. The study suggest the creation of a viable secondary mortgage market, improvement of land registration and allocation, compassionate urban renewal programmes, cost saving house designs amongst others.
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Cameron, Stuart. "From Low Demand to Rising Aspirations: Housing Market Renewal within Regional and Neighbourhood Regeneration Policy." Housing Studies 21, no. 1 (January 2006): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030500391015.
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Rivera-Muñoz, Graciela, and Philippa Howden-Chapman. "Structural Adjustment and Community Resilience: The Case of Postdisaster Housing Recovery After the Canterbury Earthquakes of 2010 and 2011." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 6 (November 4, 2020): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198120936611.
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Background This project is a case study of postdisaster housing recovery in Christchurch, New Zealand, after the Canterbury earthquakes of 2010 and 2011. Aims In this qualitative study, we analyzed the statutory framework governing the process of postdisaster housing recovery and its impact on local democracy. We also explored the role of communities and the third sector in housing and urban renewal. This aim was to contribute to the development of a critical theoretical understanding of community resilience as an inherently political concept. Community resilience is influenced by causal factors or generative mechanisms that affect the relations between people in a particular social context. Method We completed a narrative synthesis of textual data from the thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with key informants, related policies, media, and fieldwork. Results A centralization of government authority over housing recovery resulted in an erosion of democracy and representative government at a local level. This centralization had major impacts on communities and their voice in the process of postdisaster housing recovery. Communities, however, never relented and worked tirelessly among themselves and with other social sectors to make a positive impact on postdisaster housing and urban recovery against difficult odds and stretched resources. This immense social capital and inspiring sense of community must be fostered and given the opportunity to democratically participate in the development of recovery policy as a key element of community resilience.
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Wang, Wei, and Yuzhe Wu. "Exploring the Coordination Mechanism for Public Housing Supply with Urban Growth Management: A Case Study of Chongqing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104047.
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While urbanization acts as an engine of economic growth, rising inequality and exclusion within cities derails development progress. In the past 30 years, the population in China has converged to large-scale cities, which brought a severe housing issue, not least for migrants. In order to relieve the tension between the increasing demand for housing and the scarcity of urban resources, research on housing policy in response to urban growth is a matter of cardinal significance. This paper made an effort to explore the mechanism of public housing policies coordinated with urban growth management. Taking Chongqing City as the study area, the system dynamics model was adopted in exploring the coordination mechanism. The impact of the two policies were simulated, including the urban population control and public housing supply. The results indicated that the combined policy could more effectively cope with the possible urban housing crisis under the long-term trend, and promote urban inclusive growth. Meanwhile, the starting time of intervention also has a significant impact on the policy effect. This study shares China’s experience and provides reference for other developing countries to pursue socio-economic sustainability in the process of urbanization.
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Hatiboğlu Eren, Burcu. "Poor Women at the Grip of Neoliberal Urbanism." Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies 17, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/jws.v17i2.210.
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Neoliberal ideology and its profit-driven policies have rapidly gained worldwide popularity in urbanization process since 1970s. Especially in the global south, it is argued that slum renewal projects—as an engine of neoliberal capital accumulation—were constructed through gendered discourses which also relied on women’s capacity for the material and social welfare of the family and community. From this point, some feminists warn about the danger of producing neoconservative lifestyle for women via neoliberalism and its liberal gender mainstreaming policies which is called ‘new patriarchal reforms’. Turkish urban areas are no exception of this process. Especially after new regulations for urban transformation and decentralisation in 2000s, the rent-seeking slum renewal projects in the city centers based on women participation for developing informal solidarity and sustainability of the development are co-implemented by TOKI (Housing Development Administration) and the municipalities. Thus, I argue that there is a strong connection between the ‘gender specific characteristics of decentralization’ and the slum renewal projects in which many paradoxes have arised between the policy discourse and the daily life of women within the context of women civil rights. As a matter of fact, daily life experiences of poor women in Ankara-Aktaş district have showed that urbanization process has been shaped by patriarchal assumptions about citizenship, identity and needs which is paradoxically deepening gender inequalities. In this study, the paradoxes between slum renewal policy discourses and transformation of women daily lives which make the process 'impossible’ are discussed with respect to feminist ethnographic field study implemented in Ankara-Aktaş district (Altındağ) between January 2012-March 2013. Consequently, statements of poor women provide us significant information about paradoxical nature of neoliberal urbanization and the ideal urban structure based on gender equality.
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Curtis, Sarah, Ben Cave, and Adam Coutts. "Is Urban Regeneration Good for Health? Perceptions and Theories of the Health Impacts of Urban Change." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 4 (August 2002): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c02r.
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An important issue for the geography of health in urban areas concerns how urban change arising from renewal of inner-city areas relates to health of urban populations. In this paper we examine ways in which urban regeneration schemes in Britain are attempting to incorporate consideration of health impact into their planning and development. It concentrates especially on diverse ways that different stakeholders perceive the outcomes of these schemes and the significance for health. The paper is based on two case studies of urban development projects, focusing on housing improvement and training for unemployed people, in a London borough where levels of deprivation are high and various forms of social exclusion affect large numbers of people. The methods used aimed to represent the views of different types of stakeholders, by means of interviews and focus groups with a range of stakeholders in these schemes. Health impact assessment needs to be evidence based. We discuss the evidence for potential health impact of regeneration projects through effects on housing and employment as determinants of health. We focus especially on the ways in which this evidence can be viewed and used by different stakeholders, and how far their perceptions seemed to match with research findings from public health. We consider the potential and the limitations for health improvement associated with urban regeneration in view of the case studies presented here.
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Zhou, Shumin, Huijun Sun, Tianchao Guan, and Tongfei Li. "Equilibrium Model of Housing Choice for Heterogeneous Households under Public Rental Housing Policy." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124505.
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The rapid development of urban rail transit system leads to the rising land rent and housing rent along the rail transit line. In order to respond to housing demand for low-income households, the public rental housing policy came into being. Public rental housing, with the advantage of lower rent than commercial housing, has become the primary choice for low-income households. However, the preset location of public rental housing is usually in the suburbs, separating the workplace and residence, which increases in travel cost. Consequently, it is particularly necessary to study the effect of public rental housing on the utilities of heterogeneous households from the perspective of transportation, and an equilibrium model of housing choice for heterogeneous households under public rental housing policy has been suggested in this paper. The result shows that the change in average operating speed of the rail may lead to the difference in urban residential formation and the increased speed of the rail may not be able to eliminate the location disadvantage of public rental housing. Furthermore, we find that ultra-limit public rental housing with the remote location is detrimental for low-income households. The model explicitly considers the interaction among the government, property developers, and heterogeneous households in the housing market, and can be utilized as an instruction for the future sustainable development of public rental housing.
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Cheshmehzangi, Ali. "The Changing Urban Landscape of Chinese Cities: Positive and Negative Impacts of Urban Design Controls on Contemporary Urban Housing." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082839.
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China’s contemporary urban housing is increasingly developed at mass housing scale. In recent decades, it has transformed into large scale urban design approach rather than individual architectural design. This is generally common across major Chinese cities and is also becoming the case in some township regions. The increase in mass urban housing production firstly initiated in early years after establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and was then increased significantly from the 1970s onwards. Similar to the case of post-war European housing development in the 1950s and 1960s, China experienced a rapid transition and huge demand for new urban housing. The two decades of 1980s and 1990s are known as China’s remarkable era for rapid growth and urbanisation, which was unprecedented not only for China but also globally. In this paper, the focus is on urban design controls and their impacts on housing transitions in China by first analysing common housing typologies as well as their challenges and issues and common practices of urban design for housing projects across major cities of China. This paper argues in favour of alternative routes before concluding on the importance of detailed design and new possibilities for revised and re-evaluated urban design controls. This paper offers a set of analytical views on positive and negative impacts of urban design controls on contemporary urban housing in China. It also adds to existing research focused on urban housing transitions in China and directly linked to sectors of urban planning and urban design. This study concludes with possibilities for new directions, focused on: development of low- to midrise urban housing typology, compact urban development, and avoidance of gated community development.
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Lindsay-Herrera, Flora. "One City for All? The Characteristics of Residential Displacement in Southwest Washington, DC." Land 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8020034.
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This paper examines two periods of renewal in Washington, DC, USA’s southwest quadrant and their relationship with displacement. The paper situates this discussion within both the local historical continuum and globally-recognized paradigms, such as “the right to the city”. This article primarily serves as an overview of urban planning consequences in Southwest Washington DC based on extant academic literature and policy briefs. Compared with the abrupt physical displacement in the 1950s and 1960s precipitated by a large-scale federally funded urban raze and rebuild project, urban planning in present-day DC includes mechanisms for public engagement and provisions for housing security. However, countervailing economic incentives and rapid demographic changes have introduced anxieties about involuntary mobility that the literature suggests may be born out of forced or responsive displacement. Two potential case studies in the area warrant future study to understand present-day mobilities in the context of the economic and socio-cultural factors shaping the actions of present and prospective residents and decision-makers.
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Liu, Fan, Min Min, Ke Zhao, and Weiyan Hu. "Spatial-Temporal Variation in the Impacts of Urban Infrastructure on Housing Prices in Wuhan, China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031281.
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This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of housing prices associated with the urban infrastructure in Wuhan, China. The relationship between urban infrastructure and housing prices during rapid urbanization has drawn popular concerns. This article takes 619 residential communities during the period 2010 to 2018 in Wuhan’s main urban area as research units, and uses the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to study the spatial-temporal differentiation in the effects of urban infrastructure on housing prices. The results show that: 1) From 2010 to 2018, housing prices in Wuhan’s main urban area were generally on the rise, but the increment speed has shown an obvious periodic characteristic, the spatial distribution of housing prices has shown an obvious core and periphery distribution and the peak value area shifted from Hankou to Wuchang. 2) The influential factors of housing prices have significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity, while the impact, direction and intensity of the influential factors varies in time and space. Spatially, the influence factors show different differentiation rules for spatial distribution, and the influencing direction and strength of the urban infrastructure on housing prices are closely related to the spatial location, distribution density and the type of urban infrastructure. Temporally, the influencing strength of various urban facilities varies. This research will benefit both urban planners for optimizing urban facilities and policy-makers for formulating more specific housing policies, which ultimately contributes to urban sustainability.
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Miltenburg, E. M. (Emily), H. G. (Herman) van de Werfhorst, S. (Sako) Musterd, and K. (Koen) Tieskens. "Consequences of Forced Residential Relocation: Early Impacts of Urban Renewal Strategies on Forced Relocatees’ Housing Opportunities and Socioeconomic Outcomes." Housing Policy Debate 28, no. 4 (March 16, 2018): 609–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2018.1424722.
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Joy, Meghan, and Ronald K. Vogel. "Beyond Neoliberalism: A Policy Agenda for a Progressive City." Urban Affairs Review 57, no. 5 (January 12, 2021): 1372–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087420984241.
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The urban crisis—poverty and inequality, un—and under-employment, inadequate and unaffordable housing and public transportation, pollution and climate disasters—is the result of the failure of the neoliberal agenda to produce adequate funds and capacities to ensure the provision of services necessary for the city to function and its residents to thrive, especially the most vulnerable, and increasingly, the middle class. In the last few years, there appears to be a potential for a new more radical direction in urban policy. Yet, urban scholars and practitioners have been slow to notice the new possibilities that reopens the question of whether cities may engage in redistributive policies. In reviewing the history and current practice of progressive politics and policy in cities, this paper explores what a policy agenda for a progressive city might entail and identifies themes and questions for a renewed urban politics research agenda.
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Bai, Yunxi, Jusheng Song, Shanshan Wu, Wei Wang, Jacqueline T. Y. Lo, and S. M. Lo. "Comparing the Impacts of Location Attributes on Residents’ Preferences and Residential Values in Compact Cities: A Case Study of Hong Kong." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 4867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124867.
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In recent years, environmentally-friendly, sustainable, and compact development has become increasingly popular with governments. An extensive body of literature has focused on the influence on housing prices from an economic perspective. Although residential urban planning from the perspective of individual needs must be considered, little attention has been paid to residents’ demands in high-density and compact urban areas. In this study, we selected Hong Kong as the case and adopted a reliability interval method to rank residential attitude metrics, which indicated residents’ neighborhood needs in densely populated cities. The influences of location attributes on residents’ demands and residential value were compared. A hedonic price model was used to estimate the impacts of the attributes on housing prices. The results showed that both access to metro stations and median household income had important influences on residents’ preferences and housing prices. However, access to the central business district contributed largely to housing prices but not to residents’ attitudes. These findings support urban planners and policy makers during sustainable residential planning and policy formation by understanding residents’ needs in compact urban areas, help them to optimize the match between housing attributes and residents’ expectations, and balance the relationship between residents’ needs and economic interest.
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Kegler, Michelle C., Jaimie Lea, Erin Lebow-Skelley, Adrienne M. Lefevre, Pam Diggs, and Regine Haard�rfer. "Implementation and enforcement of smoke-free policies in public housing." Health Education Research 34, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyy053.
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Abstract Smoke-free policies such as those required by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development have the potential to reduce persistent income-related disparities in secondhand smoke exposure. To understand the implementation and enforcement process, as well as barriers and facilitators to compliance and enforcement, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n=37) with representatives from 23 Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) with some level of smoking restriction in place, along with residents from 14 of these PHAs, from January to August 2016. Residents were typically notified of the new policy through group meetings, new resident orientations and/or one-on-one discussions during lease renewal or annual recertification. Timing of implementation varied, with advanced notice of 6 months or a year most common. Enforcement typically involved a series of verbal and/or written warnings, followed by written notice of lease violation, and eventual notice of lease termination and/or eviction. Challenges in enforcement were generally classified as monitoring difficulties or legal concerns. Characterizing current practices (e.g. advance notice, clear communication of escalating consequences, cessation support and concrete evidence of violation) from early adopters sets the stage for identifying best practices and helps to ensure successful and fair implementation of smoke-free policies in subsidized housing.
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Yin, Shanggang, Zhifei Ma, Weixuan Song, and Chunhui Liu. "Spatial Justice of a Chinese Metropolis: A Perspective on Housing Price-to-Income Ratios in Nanjing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061808.
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The housing price-to-income ratio is an important index for measuring the health of real estate, as well as detecting residents’ housing affordability and regional spatial justice. This paper considers 1833 residential districts in one main urban area and three secondary urban areas in Nanjing during the period 2009–2017 as research units. It also simulates and estimates the spatial distribution of the housing price-to-income ratio with the kriging interpolation method of geographic information system (GIS) geostatistical analysis and constructs a housing spatial justice model by using housing price, income, and housing price-to-income ratio. The research results prove that in the one main urban area and the three secondary urban areas considered, the housing price-to-income ratio tended on the whole to rise, presenting a core edge model of a progressive decrease from the Main Urban Area to the secondary urban areas spatially, with high-value areas centered around famous school districts and new town centers. The housing spatial justice degree presented a trend opposite to that of the housing price-to-income ratio pattern; it progressively decreased from the secondary urban areas to the Main Urban Area. Furthermore, the spatial justice degree tended to decrease in the new towns, in the periphery of the Main Urban Area, and in the secondary urban areas, and it tended to rise, relatively, in the inner urban areas. The enhancement of the housing price-to-income ratio has caused the urban housing spatial justice degree to become gradually imbalanced, gradually squeezing out the poor and vulnerable groups to urban fringe areas and leading to a phenomenon of middle class stratification. This has thus aroused social problems such as housing differentiation and class solidification, etc., and has caused inequality in social spaces. Tt is therefore urgently necessary to reflect on urban space production with the value and principle of spatial justice, which is also the only way to obtain urban sustainable development, in mind.
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Ki, Donghwan, and Sugie Lee. "Spatial Distribution and Location Characteristics of Airbnb in Seoul, Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 30, 2019): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154108.
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The popularity of the sharing economy, including organizations such as Airbnb and Uber, has increased rapidly over the last few years. Regarding Airbnb, several studies have demonstrated potential problems related to it, such as rising housing costs and worsening residential environments. Despite its popularity and possibility of problems, however, the locational characteristics of Airbnb have not been thoroughly examined in the urban planning and public policy fields. Therefore, this study analyzed the locational characteristics of Airbnb in Seoul and identified potential problems in urban planning. First, we analyzed an operation status of Airbnb in terms of the commercial host. After that, we identified spatial distributions of Airbnb and examined influential factors that affected the locational characteristics of Airbnb using a negative binomial regression model. The results of this study are as follows. First, a considerable number of units were operated by commercial hosts, in contrast to the original concept of Airbnb as being part of the sharing economy. This finding indicates that there would be a potential conflict between Airbnb businesses and housing policy in urban areas. Second, Airbnb units were mainly located in residential areas, especially around multiplexes and townhouses. This finding indicates that Airbnb may decrease the availability of housing in the housing market. Third, Airbnb units were located preferentially in areas adjacent to universities or subway stations, as well as in areas with high ratios of single-person households. Considering these characteristics of Airbnb and the directions of government housing policy, urban scholars and policymakers should pay close attention to the potential conflict between the spatial distributions of Airbnb units and housing policies.
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Kurvinen, Antti, and Arto Saari. "Urban Housing Density and Infrastructure Costs." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020497.
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Urbanisation is one of the most significant global megatrends and, as a result, major cities are facing multiple challenges. In this study, we contribute to the sustainable urban development debate and examine the relation between housing density and infrastructure costs. The analysis is based on four hypothetical design prototypes and a consistent cost calculation framework. Based on the results, infrastructure costs per capita are the highest in low-density areas and the lowest in high-density areas, if parking is excluded. However, if also construction costs of parking structures are included, the costs per capita are the highest in high-density areas. Considering the notably high cost impact of parking structures and people’s limited willingness to pay for parking, municipally zoned parking requirements in urban areas are likely to result in non-optimal land use. Furthermore, construction in poor soil conditions may only be considered feasible if the floor area ratio and residential densities are relatively high. Beyond the cost benefits, the number of residents that may be accommodated is crucial and higher density in central urban locations should be promoted. We also suggest the cost of urban greenness to be reasonable relative to its many reported benefits and conclude that denser urban structure should not be pursued at the expense of green spaces.
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Xie, Jin, Yinying Cai, Hang Tang, and Yuanqin Liao. "Housing Wealth Status and Informal Accumulation of Rural Villages at the Rural-Urban Fringe in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176859.
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Housing wealth among urban residents has been a hotspot issue, but there is a dearth of literature focusing on rural housing wealth. Using housing registration data in Shanghai, this study examines the status and accumulation of rural housing wealth at the rural-urban fringe. Results show that rural housing wealth at the rural-urban fringe is characterized by high stock and frequent extension and reconstruction dominated by auxiliary houses. Rural housing wealth is still relatively equitable, but compared to their initial housing wealth distribution, disparities in urban villages or suburban villages are obviously higher than in the outer suburbs. These disparities are mainly driven by the expansion and reconstruction of rural auxiliary houses, typically the horizontal expansion of auxiliary homes. We suggest that defining explicit construction rules for rural auxiliary will help to avoid the disorder increase in illegal housing and, subsequently, rural housing wealth disparity.
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Wang, Xiaojie, Yi Duan, Pengcheng Liu, and Guixin Han. "The Influence of Housing Investment on Urban Innovation: An Empirical Analysis Based on City-Level Panel Data in China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072968.
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The reasonable control of housing investment and the encouragement of innovation are two major tasks for the Chinese government. This article uses city-level urban panel data over 2001-2015 to study the effect of housing investment on urban innovation in China. The full-sample regression result shows that housing investment inhibits urban innovation. Housing investment can curb urban capital flow and reduce the gross profits of enterprises, which can hinder the improvement of urban innovation. As for different regions, the eastern region has been more obviously influenced by housing investment, while it has led to less influence on the middle and western regions in China. The conclusions of this study can help to clarify the internal relationship between housing investment and urban innovation, identify how to promote the current transformation and upgrading of China’s real estate investment, and improve the vitality of the real economy.
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Chen, Yue, and Jianqiang Yang. "The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 4195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114195.
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Retaining indigenous populations is vital to the sustainable development and conservation of historic urban areas. However, little attention has been paid to Chinese conservation planning in an effort to safeguard indigenous people. This paper investigates population change and residential mobility in Chinese historic urban areas by applying demographic analysis and regression models to survey data collected in the Ping-Jiang Historic Quarter. Results indicate that few relocation behaviors are a result of the welfare housing policy and property ownership. However, residents’ intentions to move have increased, due to declining living conditions and tourism development in recent years. Classified by property ownership, public housing tenants and rented housing migrants were more willing to move, while private housing owners preferred to stay. Accordingly, there have been increasing trends of aging, poverty growth and population displacement, epitomized by the public housing population. Assessing planning impacts, welfare policy reduced residential mobility while undermining residents’ self-reliance to maintain their own houses. Without substantial social participation and community support, top-down conservation planning could only slow, rather than reverse, the trend of socio-cultural decline.