To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Urban rivers and harbors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban rivers and harbors'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Urban rivers and harbors.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Emond, Matthew W. "Endogenous Process & Designing Through Change." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/300.
Full textAbstract:
This project was an exercise in aligning my intuition, community experience, and design sensitivities under the pretext of an architectural expression. My desire was to work endogenously, or out of my home environment, on a project that had no clear programmatic or formal requirements or limitations. I began by assessing a prevalent issue in my home town (a connection between the river and the town center) both from the top down and the bottom up. Throughout, I sought to challenge my preconceived notions of what might be, and allow a design process to emerge out of the layers of information I had absorbed as a participant in this holistic landscape. Inflection and change became a driving force in this pared down design process, and through them came a working territory that framed the programmatic and formal specificities of the South River P.O.R.T.
2
Thoms, Martin C. "Channel sedimentation within urban gravel bed rivers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10844.
Full textAbstract:
Fine substrate sediments are considered to be important in the management of urban river systems. Urban construction activities have been reported to increase sediment loads causing the temporary siltation of channel substrates within the urban area. Nevertheless fine sediment derived from urban areas frequently carry toxic material well in excess of background concentration levels. While the soluble phase of heavy metals and the importance of their association with suspended sediment has received considerable attention, longer term studies of fine urban river-bed sediments are limited. Furthermore studies of heavy pollutants in active stream sediments, below mine waste tips, have shown the channel substrate can provide a long term store for heavy metals in association with fine sediments. This thesis investigates the variety of impacts that urbanisation has upon the sedimentation of gravel bed rivers. A freeze coring technique and infIltration baskets have been used to study the textural-geochemical properties of fme matrix sediment and its development within an urban river-bed framework, within and below a number of contrasting urban catchments in the U.K. Complex urban hydrological and sedimentological regimes are shown to have a variable influence upon matrix sedimentation. The actual volume of matrix present within the urbanised substrate is influenced by the degree of urbanisation within the catchment. Furthermore this sediment is finer in size and associated heavy metal concentrations are well in excess of natural background levels. Although heavy metal levels do correlate slightly with textural characteristics, the presence of maximum concentrations at depth in the substrate indicate possible mobilisation of metals within the urbanised river-bed. The temporal behaviour of matrix development within an urbanised substrate is shown to differ from natural river-beds. Despite high suspended sediment concentrations the magnitude of the potential rate of supply is lower, by 50 percent, and dominated by organic material. This sediment also contains elevated heavy metal cocnentrations. This contrasts to the inorganic sediment ingress of natural river substrates. It is concluded that fine matrix sediments within urban gravel bed rivers should be at least of concern to public health engineers, water authorities and conservationists.
3
Heung, Wai-kin. "Metamorphosis of floating community in Aberdeen." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950630.
Full text
4
Lamorde, Umar Abdullahi. "A geochemical study of the origins of biodegraded oils and seeps from Nigeria, Ghana and Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186760.
Full textAbstract:
Subsurface oil and surface seep samples from the Niger Delta Nigeria, Tano and Cape Three Points Basins in Ghana, and the Orcadian Basin in Scotland were analysed using an organic geochemistry approach. Source organofacies, oil thermal maturity and the effect of alteration processes were evaluated, with the aim of developing a better understanding of the origin, nature and type of petroleum present. Biomarker analyses suggested that undegraded oils are found with biodegraded oils with a range of levels of biodegradation in the Niger Delta. On the commonly used Peters and Moldowan scale of biodegradation, the samples rank between PM level 0 and 7. The Ghanaian and Scottish oils and seeps showed a range of biodegradation levels between PM level 2 and 7. Biodegradation appeared to be the major control on the composition and physical properties of the oils and seeps from Niger Delta and Ghana while there is evidence that a stage of water washing was important for the Scottish seeps. Key aspects of the biodegradation process were reflected in the variable occurrence of hopanoids and other biomarkers. 25-Norhopanes were detected in all samples biodegraded in subsurface reservoirs but absent in seeps degraded at surface conditions. This was observed for both the Ghanaian and Nigeria samples. The inverse relationship of hopane to 25- norhopanes in the Niger Delta is presented for the first time. This evidence supports the hypothesis that 25-norhopanes are a product of hopane demethylation. Furthermore a pathway for the formation of 25-norhopane from 25-norhopanoic acid by decarboxylation is evidence by nature of the covariation in relative concentration of these compounds. Seeps from Scotland show that only moderate levels of biodegradation (PM 3) have significantly reduced monoaromatic and triaromatic steroids abundances. The most likely cause for this is by water washing at surface conditions. Reservoir temperature and oil charge histories appeared to have had a significant influence on the extent of biodegradation in the Niger Delta. The late migration of oil from deeper hotter subsurface regions to shallow reservoirs accounts for the presence of undegraded oils amidst the biodegraded oils in the Niger Delta.
5
Gibbs, Helen Margaret. "The interactions between macrophytes and sediments in urban river systems." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8480.
Full textAbstract:
Many urban rivers receive significant inputs of metal-contaminated sediments from their catchments. Their restoration has the potential to increase the deposition and accumulation of these sediments from greater sediment supply and increased channel hydraulic complexity, creating a store of metals which could have negative impacts upon ecosystems and human health. Macrophytes often establish in restored channels and have the potential to stabilise these sediments and uptake metals through processes of phytoremediation, thus reducing the risk of the accumulated sediments becoming a source of metals. This thesis investigates the effects of river restoration upon sedimentation patterns and the interactions between macrophytes and sediments in terms of sediment trapping, stabilisation and metal uptake within urban river systems. At a reach scale, greater finer sediment deposition and the accumulation of sediment around in-channel vegetation was found within restored stretches of tributaries of the River Thames London, reflecting sediment availability and hydraulic conditions. These sediments were important in terms of greater metal storage within stretches, and along with gravels showed particularly high metal concentrations. Interactions between macrophytes, sediment and flow were investigated within the urban-influenced River Blackwater, Surrey. At the stand scale, the common emergent Sparganium erectum was found to significantly reduce flow velocities, accumulate fine sediments and retain them over winter. Research on individual plants revealed that, although three common emergent macrophytes (Sparganium erectum, Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea) did not significantly phytoremediate metal contaminated sediments through metal uptake or bioconcentration, the reinforcement and stabilisation of these accumulated sediments (particularly by Sparganium erectum and Typha latifolia) and the creation of anoxic sediment conditions which strongly bind metals, were important in reducing the risk of metal mobilisation from the sediments. These macrophyte sediment interactions illustrate the great potential of using emergent macrophytes in the restoration and management of urban rivers with metal contaminated sediments.
6
Ashcraft, Catherine Marie. "Adaptive governance of contested rivers : a political journey into the uncertain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63240.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 439-468).
Governance of international rivers is characterized by complex institutional arrangements aimed at minimizing uncertainty and making it difficult for participants to avoid their responsibilities. However, as new information emerges, new impacts of activities on rivers are identified, new stakeholders emerge and new technologies are developed, international river management agreements and treaties may have to be modified. At the very least, the implementation of the governance arrangements may need to be adjusted. Most river governance agreements are the product of extended negotiations in which the parties work hard to codify and define the details. This makes the task of modifying the agreements, or even of implementing them in new ways, difficult. In some cases the details and format of the institutional arrangements make it hard to respond to the changing nature of the social and ecological problems that emerge over time. In other cases they do not. This raises the question, "Why and how do efforts to formulate international water resource arrangements that bring together countries with common resource management concerns but conflicting interests, limit or support needed adjustments?" This dissertation explores what I call the conventional versus the adaptive approach to international river basin governance. The former makes it hard to adjust over time; the latter, less so. Climate change appears to be increasing the need for flexibility in river basin governance. So, I compare how institutional arrangements that reflect a conventional approach to uncertainty and conflict impede the ability of water governance participants to make necessary adjustments, while institutional arrangements that reflect an adaptive approach are more likely to provide the flexibility that is required. Case studies of the navigation and water protection regimes for the Danube River and the benefit sharing agreement for the Nile River provide the basis for my conclusions.
by Catherine Marie Ashcraft.
Ph.D.
7
Luger, Michael Karl. "Environmentally-sensitive river management : assessment and mitigation of impacts on urban rivers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13886.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographies.Urban development and engineering works have resulted in the majority of rivers that drain urban areas being severely degraded, both ecologically and in terms of their potential amenity value. This dissertation explores the reasons for this "spiral of degradation" and it describes the ecological and social impacts on rivers caused by urban development, channelisation and canalisation. It then suggests possible measures to mitigate the impacts at the levels of the catchment, floodplain and river channel. The present cycle of degradation of urban rivers in the Cape Metropolitan Area (and elsewhere) can be halted. In addition, where degradation has already occurred, mitigation and rehabilitation are possible and could restore some of the lost conservation and ecological values, as well as the potential amenity, recreation and education functions. Early colonisation of Cape Town by Europeans inflicted severe impacts on the rivers surrounding and passing through the city. These included: catchment degradation, water abstraction, the disposal of unpurified sewage and industrial effluents, removal of riparian forests, clearing of instream vegetation and the draining of wetlands. During the 20111 century, many urban rivers have been "improved" by straightening or confining within rectangular concrete-lined canals in order to protect urban development in flood-prone areas. The unquestioning faith in technology during this period and the attitude that human ingenuity could "improve nature" are now regarded by the scientific community, together with some local and regional authorities and informed members of the public, as mistakes that resulted in ecological and environmental degradation. These technical solutions merely treated the symptoms of the problem without recognising, let alone attempting to treat, the causes, that is poor catchment and floodplain management. However, there is still a public demand for canalisation of the remaining "natural" rivers in the greater Cape Town area and beyond. At the same time, there has been an increase in environmental awareness, as well as a growing appreciation of the value of holistic and multi-objective planning in the engineering and planning professions. This dissertation aims to assess the impacts of urbanisation, channelisation and canalisation on the aquatic ecosystem and socio-economic environment of urban rivers, and to develop possible measures to mitigate these impacts.
8
Millay, Curtis A. "Restoring the Lost Rivers of Washington: Can a city's hydrologic past inform its future?" Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31770.
Full textAbstract:
Washington, D.C., like many older U.S. cities, suffers the woes of rapid urbanization and aging infrastructure. The cityâ s combined sewer and stormwater system dumps millions of gallons of raw sewage into the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers over 70 times annually during significant rain events. While many groups, both public and private, attempt to clean the river, billions of dollars are still necessary over several years to remedy the combined sewer overfl ow (CSO) problem alone. Current plans for a solution include constructing large underground storage tanks that store millions of gallons of wastewater during overflow periods. Washington, however, once had a network of waterways that naturally drained the Federal City. At least three major stream systemsâ the Tiber Creek, James Creek and Slash Runâ and over 30 springs flowed within the boundaries of the emerging capital. The waterways, now buried, were victims of urbanization, and flow now only underground, wreaking havoc on foundations and basements and causing sewer backups and flooding. Can a historically-driven investigation of these buried channels lend credence to the resurrection in some form of a network of surface stormwater channels, separate from the municipal sewage system, to solve the cityâ s sewage overflow crisis? The following study is an initial exploration of the re-establishment of waterways through Washington with the purpose of improving the current storm sewer overflow dilemma and exploring the potential urban amenities that they could provide as part of a stormwater management plan for the year 2110.Master of Landscape Architecture
9
Scott, Charlotte. "Stakeholder Engagement and Conflicting Discourses in Urban Policy in the Two Rivers Urban Park, Cape Town: An Argumentative Discourse Analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29481.
Full textAbstract:
Public participation has the potential to either enhance urban development outcomes or entrench disagreement and frustration. A major challenge for policy-makers is how to understand and then respond to the narratives, metaphors and arguments contributed by stakeholders. In analysing the public participation process for the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP) in Cape Town, this research applies argumentative discourse analysis to capture and analyse multiple dimensions of stakeholder contributions. Arguments, and other linguistic features, were linked to themes distilled from the data. Associating and matching these themes to stakeholder groups identified discourse coalitions. The analysis supports the claim that the development of TRUP involves more than merely a technical discussion. The metaphors, stories and arguments used by participants to discuss the development of TRUP refer to it as an emblematic issue for the development of the city, its history, the history of South Africa and globalisation across the world. The discourse coalitions identified illuminate diverging ideas of how cities ought to respond to the environment, the private sector and residents. Without this knowledge government cannot hope to respond to stakeholders in a manner they will find satisfactory.
10
Schoonover, Jon E. "Hydrology, water quality, and channel morphology across an urban-rural land use gradient in the Georgia Piedmont, USA." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/SCHOONOVER_JON_14.pdf.
Full text
11
Mallea, Amahia K. "Rivers running through an urban environmental history of the Kansas Cities and the Missouri River /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5889.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 13, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
12
Newman, Natalie Nicolette. "The impact of altered river structure on the function of selected urban Cape Town rivers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2029.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Nature Conservation))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010.Many urban rivers are heavily engineered and no longer function naturally. The City of Cape Town has designed and implemented many stormwater and river management projects. Very little monitoring has occurred as to whether these engineering projects and remediation measures, have had a positive effect on our urban river ecosystem function. The study investigated the influence of specific engineering interventions such as the placement or rocks in stream to create weirs, gabion lining of stream channels, removal of canal walls, establishment of artificial wetlands, and approaches to urban river management, on river ecosystem function of the Keysers River, Little Lotus River, Langevlei Canal, Silvermine River, Moddergat River and Big Lotus River, as measured by specific indices including water chemistry and aquatic community structure (macroinvertebrates and diatoms).
13
Cohen, Nicholas E. (Nicholas Evan). "Integrating green and gray : lessons learned from ecological and engineering approaches to flood resilience around three U.S. rivers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118210.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 94-100).
There is increased interest in flood resilience around U.S. cities, especially following devastating flooding from recent intense storms. These events have demonstrated challenges associated with both riverine and coastal flooding, involving surface drainage and storm surge. Climate change is anticipated to exacerbate these types of events due to observed and projected sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of precipitation events. With that context, flood resilience projects are often categorized as either following an engineering approach with hardened, 'gray' infrastructure like berms that seek to keep water out, thus blocking floods, or an ecological approach with soft, 'green' infrastructure around natural systems, like wetlands, that allow water in, absorbing floods and buffering adjacent communities. However, terms such as these, as well resilience itself, often have varying and overlapping definitions in different disciplines. Further, while engineering approaches and ecological approaches may seem at odds with one another, with associated tradeoffs, in reality, projects often integrate elements of both approaches, especially in urban settings. This paper reviews these approaches by comparing case studies around three U.S. urban rivers and understanding the ways ecological and engineering approaches have been integrated into flood resilience projects. Because of the differences between ecological and engineering approaches, this paper first presents a review and comparison of the existing literature on flood resilience and ecological and engineering approaches, along with associated terminologies, utilizing that literature to understand the approaches presented in the case studies. Further, this paper incorporates commentary from existing practitioners involved in these topics and cases to analyze and understand their perspectives. In particular, the paper's focus is on approaches and processes, as project elements most relevant to planners, arguing that the key lessons learned and common features from these projects are the integration of ecological and engineering approaches, collaboration across disciplines, the importance of political and social contexts, the role of non-governmental actors, implementation challenges and strategies, opportunities and limitations presented by reacting to flooding disasters, and sources of funding. Such key common features and lessons learned particularly highlight the critical role of planners in these types of projects.
by Nicholas E. Cohen.
M.C.P.
14
Shuker, Jane Lucy Flora. "An interdisciplinary approach to assessing, planning and managing urban rivers in the context of Greater London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/3137.
Full textAbstract:
Urban rivers present complex management challenges due to the combined natural and anthropocentric factors affecting developed catchments. Planning urban river rehabilitation strategies and measures in parallel with green infrastructure initiatives requires the combined expertise of multi-disciplinary partnerships, encompassing river science and landscape engineering plus community engagement, to deliver integrated and sustainable outcomes. This thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the assessment and management of urban rivers, focusing specifically upon the planning of integrated restoration projects for River Thames tributaries within Greater London. Comparisons of restored and unrestored sites on London tributary rivers at the reachand catchment-scale explore the versatility of the Urban River Survey method for assessing and communicating contrasts in the bio-physical condition and engineering:habitat associations of heavily modified rivers. A trial of the Ecosystem Services Assessment method for urban river restorations indicates the strengths and limitations of this approach and areas of research need. Urban river governance investigations and a review of changes in restoration practices over time confirm a decreasing emphasis on channel control and progressively lighter engineering, plus a greater social focus with urban river management becoming increasingly driven by awareness of the symbiosis between rivers and local communities. In some London boroughs partner organisations are developing new links through sustainable development objectives, but connections are geographically inconsistent and typically dependent upon key advocates. Findings indicate that integrated planning can facilitate interdisciplinary processes through the identification of cross-cutting themes (e.g. climate change) and open knowledge exchange when delivered with appropriate levels of detail. While some disciplinary boundaries are necessary (to define project scope and for task management), socio-ecological benefits may be achieved when these are flexible, permeable and managed responsively in relation to simple overarching goals; and by allowing time for different kinds of knowledge to merge and stimulate new creative and integrated interpretations.
15
Carothers, Taya L. "Justice and the River: Community Connections to an Impaired Urban River in Salt Lake City." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7381.
Full textAbstract:
Local communities have the right to participate in decision-making about environmental resources near where they live. Local governments have tried to gather feedback from communities to help improve the decisions they make, but have not always done a good job getting feedback from minority or urban communities. This dissertation provides one step toward obtaining this kind of public input in a majority minority community surrounding the Jordan River in Salt Lake City. Children and adults participated in this research. I present findings from two surveys, from work with children, and from adult interviews to understand how this community relates to their local river, what they like and do not like about it, and what they would like to see improved.
This research revealed that communities have both positive and negative views of the river, but overall see it as an important community resource that is highly valued. Communities would like to participate more in river decision-making and have suggestions for how they would like to see that happen. The results in this dissertation can help bridge the gap between local city government officials and this minority community to help improve the river environmental quality and connections to the community.
16
Zhao, Bo. "Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines and their formation potential in wastewater system and receiving rivers." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244538.
Full text
17
Senyah, Hubert A. "Comparing Nitrogen and Phosphorous Trends in Two Watersheds: The Case of the Urban Cuyahoga and Agricultural Maumee Rivers." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1133368795.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 49, [6] p. : ill., maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-49).
18
McGee, Lauren E. "Effects of Low-head Dams on Habitat Structure, Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation, and Microbial Activity in Urban Rivers." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1213287655.
Full text
19
Mnyazi, Nosiphe. "Productive landscape: Turning vacant and underutilised spaces into urban agriculture, for social, economic and environmental benefits in the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP) site, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28021.
Full textAbstract:
In our fast changing times, where political, religious economic structure are failing to meet the need for equitable and caring world. New radical approaches are called for. The challenges before us are unprecedented both within our country and globally. The challenges of our time include the fast changing climate conditions, persisting poverty and inequality. Due to the raising urban poverty and environmental uncertainties, the planning profession globally, has begun to engage with sustainable urban food system and policies. In the past urban agriculture was view as a rural activity hence it was not planned for in cities. Urban agriculture has been largely advocated as the primary strategy for poverty alleviation, improving food security and for economic opportunities. The city of Cape Town UA policy views Urban Agriculture as an economic opportunity and a livelihood strategy. However, the benefits of UA are more than economic opportunities. In the literature reviewed, urban agriculture has many benefits associated with health and social wellbeing and social cohesion, For this reason, a case study of the Two Rivers Urban Park, present opportunities of turning vacant and disused spaces into urban farming.
20
Kelso, Julia E. "Organic Matter Sources, Composition, and Quality in Rivers and Experimental Streams." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7354.
Full textAbstract:
Organic matter (OM) is often considered the “currency” for ecosystem processes, such as respiration and primary production. OM in aquatic ecosystems is derived from multiple sources, and is a complex mixture of thousands of different chemical constituents. Therefore, it is difficult to identify all the sources of OM that enter and exit aquatic ecosystems. As humans develop undisturbed land, the rate at which terrestrial OM (e.g.soil and plants) and associated nutrients (e.g.nitrogen) enters rivers has increased. Increased nutrients may lead to increased primary production from aquatic plants and algae, potentially causing eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. In this study, I identified and characterized different sources of OM in four watersheds of Northeastern Utah with multiple land covers such as cities, forests, and crops. I expected OM in watersheds with human-altered land cover would have more OM produced instream by algae and other primary producers, than OM in less disturbed watersheds, which typically have OM from terrestrial sources. I found that OM at river sites with high human impact had high amounts of OM from instream primary production, but there was also OM produced in-steam at sites with low human impact. The greatest differences in OM across watersheds was due to wastewater treatment effluent. I also measured microbial consumption rates of algal derived and terrestrially derived DOM in experimental streams to quantify how much faster algal derived OM was consumed than terrestrial OM. I found algal derived OM was consumed extremely fast, so fast that realistic measurements of its consumption in some river ecosystems may not be possible. It is important to identify and characterize sources of OM to rivers, so watershed manager scan devise effective OM reduction plans appropriate for the constituent of concern unique to that watershed or region. Constituents of concern associated with OM include pathogens affiliated with manure, toxins in harmful algal blooms, metals, and pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment effluent. Each pollutant requires a unique mitigation strategy and therefore the first step to pollution mitigation is source identification.
21
Camacho, Sara. "Intervenções em corpos hídricos urbanos : uma visão da atual conjuntura no Brasil /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148607.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jefferson Nascimento de OliveiraResumo: A urbanização descontrolada gerou a problemática dos rios urbanos, que consequentemente, tem afetado a vida da população que vive nas cidades. A crescente preocupação acerca dos problemas ambientais deu início a processos de recuperação dos rios degradados e seu entorno. No entanto, esse cenário no Brasil é ainda incipiente e evolui a passos lentos, onde boa parte das informações sobre intervenções dessa natureza encontram-se dispersas, desconexas e perdidas, não existindo conhecimento suficiente sobre a quantidade, localização, resultados gerados e diversos outros fatores. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho busca preencher algumas lacunas existentes acerca desse conhecimento, averiguar se os esforços têm gerado resultados positivos, bem como discutir sobre dificuldades e perspectivas relativas à recuperação dos corpos hídricos urbanos no país. Para tal, foram reunidos vinte e um projetos que, em maior ou menor escala, visaram melhorias em corpos hídricos e, a partir da avaliação do contexto urbano, ambiental e social onde estavam inseridos, foram identificados e sistematizados parâmetros relacionados aos objetivos almejados e ações alcançadas, buscando identificar padrões e características projetuais, para que dessa forma, contribua na obtenção de resultados mais abrangentes e incisivos futuramente. A avaliação mostrou a fragilidade das políticas públicas nacionais em relação aos recursos hídricos em geral, onde, na grande maioria, são empregadas ações pontuais, superficiai... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Uncontrolled urbanization led to the problem of urban rivers, which consequently has affected the lives of people living in cities. The growing concern about environmental problems initiated recovery processes of degraded rivers and their surroundings. However, this scenario in Brazil is still incipient and evolves slowly, where much of the information about interventions of this nature are scattered, disjointed and lost, and there is not enough knowledge about the quantity, location, results generated and various other factors . In this context, this paper seeks to fill some gaps on this knowledge, ascertain whether the efforts have generated positive results and discuss problems and prospects for the recovery of urban water bodies in the country. To this end, were gathered twenty-one projects to a greater or lesser extent, targeted improvements in water bodies and from the evaluation of urban, environmental and social context in which they were entered, were identified and systematized parameters related to the desired objectives and actions achieved in order to identify patterns and projective characteristics, so that in this way, contribute to achieve more comprehensive and incisive future results. The evaluation showed the fragility of national policies in relation to water resources in general, which, in most cases, punctual, superficial actions are employed, and incomplete, that does not solve the disturbances affecting the damaged areas of concrete and effective way, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
22
Camacho, Sara [UNESP]. "Intervenções em corpos hídricos urbanos: uma visão da atual conjuntura no Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148607.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by SARA CAMACHO null (marlened@gmail.com) on 2017-01-23T18:10:35Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Sara Camacho.pdf: 7289852 bytes, checksum: adda8210babf637206aacd50fb1f0776 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-26T12:51:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camacho_s_me_ilha.pdf: 7289852 bytes, checksum: adda8210babf637206aacd50fb1f0776 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camacho_s_me_ilha.pdf: 7289852 bytes, checksum: adda8210babf637206aacd50fb1f0776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A urbanização descontrolada gerou a problemática dos rios urbanos, que consequentemente, tem afetado a vida da população que vive nas cidades. A crescente preocupação acerca dos problemas ambientais deu início a processos de recuperação dos rios degradados e seu entorno. No entanto, esse cenário no Brasil é ainda incipiente e evolui a passos lentos, onde boa parte das informações sobre intervenções dessa natureza encontram-se dispersas, desconexas e perdidas, não existindo conhecimento suficiente sobre a quantidade, localização, resultados gerados e diversos outros fatores. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho busca preencher algumas lacunas existentes acerca desse conhecimento, averiguar se os esforços têm gerado resultados positivos, bem como discutir sobre dificuldades e perspectivas relativas à recuperação dos corpos hídricos urbanos no país. Para tal, foram reunidos vinte e um projetos que, em maior ou menor escala, visaram melhorias em corpos hídricos e, a partir da avaliação do contexto urbano, ambiental e social onde estavam inseridos, foram identificados e sistematizados parâmetros relacionados aos objetivos almejados e ações alcançadas, buscando identificar padrões e características projetuais, para que dessa forma, contribua na obtenção de resultados mais abrangentes e incisivos futuramente. A avaliação mostrou a fragilidade das políticas públicas nacionais em relação aos recursos hídricos em geral, onde, na grande maioria, são empregadas ações pontuais, superficiais, e incompletas, que não solucionam os distúrbios que afetam as áreas degradadas de maneira concreta e efetiva, e onde são utilizadas medidas que geram resultados meramente estéticos e que não alteram de fato a qualidade ambiental. Ainda, existem divergências entre as medidas previstas a serem realizadas e o que realmente é implantado no local. Durante o processo de pesquisa, ficou comprovada a necessidade de divulgação e de estudos pós-implantação das obras, onde haja uma melhor documentação sobre seus efeitos físicos, ecológicos e também sobre custos. Os resultados mostram que esses procedimentos necessitam de abordagens mais abrangentes e incisivas por parte dos planejadores e poder público, assim como o envolvimento e participação da sociedade. Todavia, é importante ressaltar que intervenções em corpos hídricos objetivando melhorias são sempre realizáveis, embora, às vezes, com limitações, especialmente quando em áreas urbanas.
Uncontrolled urbanization led to the problem of urban rivers, which consequently has affected the lives of people living in cities. The growing concern about environmental problems initiated recovery processes of degraded rivers and their surroundings. However, this scenario in Brazil is still incipient and evolves slowly, where much of the information about interventions of this nature are scattered, disjointed and lost, and there is not enough knowledge about the quantity, location, results generated and various other factors . In this context, this paper seeks to fill some gaps on this knowledge, ascertain whether the efforts have generated positive results and discuss problems and prospects for the recovery of urban water bodies in the country. To this end, were gathered twenty-one projects to a greater or lesser extent, targeted improvements in water bodies and from the evaluation of urban, environmental and social context in which they were entered, were identified and systematized parameters related to the desired objectives and actions achieved in order to identify patterns and projective characteristics, so that in this way, contribute to achieve more comprehensive and incisive future results. The evaluation showed the fragility of national policies in relation to water resources in general, which, in most cases, punctual, superficial actions are employed, and incomplete, that does not solve the disturbances affecting the damaged areas of concrete and effective way, and where measures are used that generate merely aesthetic results and that do not alter the fact that environmental quality. Still, there are differences between the measures planned to be undertaken and what is actually implemented on site. During the research process, it has proved the need for dissemination and post-implementation of the works studies, where there is better documentation of their physical, ecological and also on costs. The results show that these procedures require more comprehensive and incisive on the part of planners and government approaches, as well as the involvement and participation. However, it is important that interventions in water bodies aiming improvements are always achievable, although sometimes with limitations, especially in urban areas.
23
Blatch, Timothy. "Towards more integrated human-nature relationships: A Local Area Spatial Development Framework for the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP) Site." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23418.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, the author explores the theme and concept of enabling more integrated human-nature relationships through strategic spatial planning. The idea that ecological planning, at a number of scales, should be an integral part of the strategic spatial planning process, in order to enable this integration, was investigated, in the current context of environmental degradation as a result of unsustainable development trajectories, climate change uncertainty, social and economic inequality, the need for compaction, and the need to strategically develop well-located catalytic sites in the city. The notion of positive and sustainable spatial planning as an enabler of more integrated human-nature relationships is investigated in terms of ecological approaches to development. The current disconnection of humans and nature has long been attributed to anthropocentric , post-industrial, and consumerist paradigms which have encouraged unsustainable urban development models, usually with assumed inevitable negative effects on the natural environment. As a result, the natural world's carrying capacity, quality, and presence in urban areas, has been severely compromized. This has limited nature's capacity to provide the necessary life support systems for humans and development and essential goods and services. This study, therefore, suggests that a paradigm shift is necessary in terms of how urban development and the natural environment interact and in terms of fostering the conditions necessary for more integrated human-nature relationships. This paradigm shift is within the realm of possibility within the ecological and spatial planning discourses. This study develops and presents a local area spatial development framework for a well-located site in the Cape Town Metropolitan area: the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP) site. This SDF represents the development of a spatial model for as to how more-integrated human-nature relationships can be enabled through spatial planning on the site. The study presents a literature review of literature relevant to human-nature relationships, spatial planning, and ecological planning in order to establish a theoretical framework before conducting a multi-layer anaysis of the status quo of the site. A SDF is then presented to guide responsible, positive, and sustainable development on the site over a twenty year period (2016-2036). The implementation framework is then presented before the dissertation is concluded and the major findings, recommendations, and contributions of the study are discussed. The methods and techniques used for data collection, analysis, and interpretation included case study methods, discourse and policy analysis, desktop research, observations, non-structured interviews, mapping, aerial photography, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis, and an iterative conceptual design process. The SDF was generated in response to the theoretical framework and contextual analysis of the site. The major conclusions and findings were that, through the process of developing the SDF, it is possible to exhibit how spatial and ecological planning may be integrated in order to enable and foster deeper connections between humans and nature. The framework seeks to exhibit good-practice pilot projects and strategic interventions which should be innovatively implemented in terms of satisfying the criteria of positive development, sustainability, and depper human-nature relationships. A series of intentional and conscious eco-village type communities are envisioned on the site, whose way of life is closely connected and integrated into a single socio-ecological system with nature. Recommendations for future planning and research are presented and a personal reflection articulated before the study is concluded.
24
Ikeda, Eloisa Balieiro. "São Paulo - Paris, metrópoles fluviais. Ensaio de projeto de arquitetura das orlas do canal Pinheiros inferior, córrego Jaguaré e córrego Água Podre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-16022017-111213/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa integra os estudos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo Metrópole Fluvial da FAUUSP, sobretudo o projeto do Hidroanel Metropolitano de São Paulo, iniciado em 2011. Seu objetivo é propor uma alternativa de reestruturação da metrópole de São Paulo a partir dos rios e canais que a irrigam. São apresentadas duas metrópoles que foram fundadas às margens fluviais: São Paulo e Paris. Para São Paulo, propõe-se um ensaio de projeto de arquitetura das orlas do canal Pinheiros inferior, córrego Jaguaré e córrego Água Podre. O intuito é explorar soluções através de desenhos e definir conceitos que poderiam orientar a retomada dos rios e canais como eixos fundamentais na formação urbana a partir da consideração de suas funções: abastecimento, drenagem, lazer, navegação e energia. Considera-se que somente quando os múltiplos usos da água forem plenamente desenvolvidos, de acordo com as condições e demandas de cada lugar, o espaço urbano poderá ter qualidade ambiental e social. Salienta-se que o uso do espaço fluvial para lazer não é somente aquele restrito aos limites dos leitos, mas também o que se desenvolve nas suas orlas. Articulada à infraestrutura verde, a infraestrutura azul pode ser a base da consolidação de um sistema de parques fluviais que permeiam toda a área urbanizada, de maneira abrangente e capilar, nas diversas escalas, do bairro, da cidade e da metrópole. Acompanhando os desenhos das águas, formados por lagos e canais, os parques nas orlas e a arborização das margens criam caminhos de micro-clima ameno e úmido, propício para o desenvolvimento da fauna e flora urbanas e para o lazer dos moradores. Esses espaços são necessários para prover o bem estar da população. A função de lazer deve sempre ser uma meta, pois é a função que garante a visibilidade dos rios e a demanda de sua manutenção, além da possibilidade de conexão fundamental entre o homem e a natureza do lugar em que ele habita. Paris é apresentada aqui como referência de projeto de arquitetura de infraestruturas urbanas fluviais. Como São Paulo, seus rios já foram imundos e davam vazão a esgoto, inundações eram frequentes e devastadoras, como a mais conhecida de 1810, e a falta d\'água, por outro lado, era um problema constante. Essas questões foram equacionadas e Paris vem desenvolvendo e implementando projetos para que seu rio Sena e os canais Saint Martin e Saint Denis tenham suas orlas projetadas para o passeio de pedestres e ciclistas. A Bacia de la Villette é aqui registrada como exemplo para se analisar as possibilidades paisagísticas e de lazer de uma bacia, (uma dársena ou um lago), ou um canal construídos no meio urbano. Esse lugar é um dos centros atrativos da cidade, de uso diurno e noturno constantes, em todos os dias da semana e por todo tipo de gente. Assistimos desde o século passado a morte dos nossos rios, que permeiam com abundância a região metropolitana. A melhoria das cidades que compõem essa metrópole deve passar por essa constatação e apresentar soluções para recuperar o potencial das águas. Essa pesquisa se propõe a fornecer dados, alternativas e temas para se repensar e discutir o papel que os rios podem ter.This research is part of the studies developed by Grupo Metrópole Fluvial from FAUUSP, specially the Sao Paulo Water ring project, which has begun in 2011. It proposes an alternative of restructuring São Paulo metropolis, considering its rivers and canals. Two metropolis are presented, São Paulo and Paris, both were founded along its rivers. It was developped an preliminary study of a fluvial architecture project to São Paulo, to the rive sides of Pinheiros inferior canal, stream Jaguaré and stream Água Podre. The aim is to explore solutions presented by drawings and define concepts that could guide the recovery of rivers and canals as fundamental axes in the urban formation, considering their functions: water supply, drainage, recreation, navigation and energy. Only when the multiple uses of water are entirely activated, according to the needs and conditions of each place, the urban space will be able to have environmental and social quality. It is important to highlight that the use of leisure in the fluvial space is not only limited to the river bed, but it can also happen in its sides. Articulated to the green infrastructure, the blue one could be the base for the insertion of a system of fluvial parks in the whole urbanized area, in a broad and capillary way, in its different scales: neighborhood, city and metropolis. Based on the design of the waters, formed by canals and lakes, the parks on the river side and the plantation of trees on those spaces can create a micro-climate, pleasant and wet, ideal for the urban fauna and flora developments and for the leisure of the inhabitants. Those spaces are necessary to provide the well being of people. The leisure function of the water should always be one of the goals of a hydraulic project. This leisure function is the one that guarantees the visibility of the rivers and the demand of maintenance, and also the fundamental connection between man and nature. Paris is presented here as a reference of fluvial urban infrastructures architectural projects. As São Paulo, its rivers were also polluted e carried sewage, floods were frequents and devastating, as the remarking one of 1810. The lack of water, on the other hand, was a constant problem. Those questions were mostly resolved. The city has been developing and implementing projects for its river Senna and canals, Saint Martin and Saint Denis, in order to turn its river sides into promenades for walkers and cyclers. The Bassin of la Villette is registered here as an example to be analyzed in terms of landscape possibilities and leisure by the side of the urban canal, lake or river. This place is one of the attraction centers of the city, by day and night time, every day of the week, frequented by every kind of people. We have been watching from the past century until now the death of our innumerous rivers. The improvement of the cities that are part of this metropolis should have this consciousness and present solutions to regain the potential of the waters. This research proposes to provide data\'s, alternatives and themes to discuss and rethink the role that rivers should have.
25
Heung, Wai-kin, and 向偉健. "Metamorphosis of floating community in Aberdeen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980648.
Full text
26
Sakai, Diogo Isao Santos. "As margens do rio no desenvolvimento de Goiânia: Meia Ponte, paisagens em transformação." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5524.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-05-04T20:55:42Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Diogo Isao Santos Sakai - 2015.pdf: 7676959 bytes, checksum: 6753790995d20495cba06788ec8b03a3 (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-05T13:03:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diogo Isao Santos Sakai - 2015.pdf: 7676959 bytes, checksum: 6753790995d20495cba06788ec8b03a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-05T13:03:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diogo Isao Santos Sakai - 2015.pdf: 7676959 bytes, checksum: 6753790995d20495cba06788ec8b03a3 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25
Assessing the landscape of rivers in cities is the subject of this work, considering that, in most cases, banks and courses are transformed over time by the action of uses and harmful occupations, sublimating their identity and resulting in "residual space", according to Ferrara (2000). The degrading condition of urban fountains, at first glance, suggests the strangeness of landscape study, but imposes itself as one of the factors that required the extension of the term in contemporary (Cauquelin, 2007). The aesthetic perception becomes important from the relative seriousness of environmental issues in view of the progressive spatial degradation of streams, ponds, swamps, springs, beaches and rivers, for example, the Meia Ponte river route in Goiania. In the city, among the 85 water bodies that drain the territory of the metropolitan region there are only two rivers being one of them being the Meia Ponte, having their margins hit by high pollution levels(ANA, 2012). Even if in the past the fountain has represented reason for choosing the territory of the new capital Goias and subsequently their planning has been based on idealism preservationist system of green areas proposed by planners Attilio Corrêa Lima and Armando de Godoi (RIBEIRO, 2010), even bitterness titles as the seventh most corrupt spring of Brazil (ANA, 2011). The spatial perceptions, combined with the subsistence needs, possibly led man to elect the proximity to waterways one of the factors responsible for its fixation in the territory. Ironically, these days, this one is the reason for their estrangement. The different behaviors regarding the use of riverbanks express representing relationships in the social context of the place, acting decisively in the potentiation or limitation of its resources.
A avaliação da paisagem dos rios nas cidades é o tema deste trabalho, considerando que, em sua maioria, margens e cursos são transformados ao longo do tempo pela ação de usos e ocupações perniciosos, sublimando sua identidade e resultando no que Ferrara (2000) conceitua de “espaço residual”. A condição degradante de mananciais urbanos, à primeira vista, sugere estranhamento ao estudo da paisagem, mas impõese como um dos fatores que exigiram a ampliação do termo na contemporaneidade (CAUQUELIN, 2007). A percepção estética adquire importância a partir da gravidade relativa às questões ambientais, em vista da progressiva degradação espacial de córregos, lagoas, mangues, nascentes, praias e rios, como, por exemplo, o percurso do rio Meia Ponte em Goiânia. No município, dentre os 85 cursos d’água que drenam o território da região metropolitana existem apenas dois rios sendo um deles o Meia Ponte, tendo suas margens atingidas por altos níveis de poluição (ANA, 2012). Mesmo que, no passado, o manancial tenha representado motivo para a escolha do território da nova capital goiana e, posteriormente, seu planejamento tenha se baseado no idealismo preservacionista do sistema de áreas verdes proposto pelos urbanistas Attílio Corrêa Lima e Armando de Godói (RIBEIRO, 2011), ainda amargura títulos como o de sétimo manancial mais poluído do Brasil (ANA, 2011). As percepções espaciais, aliadas às necessidades de subsistência, possivelmente levaram o homem a eleger a proximidade com os cursos d’água um dos fatores responsáveis para a sua fixação no território. Ironicamente, nos dias de hoje, está se constitui a razão para o seu distanciamento. As diferentes condutas acerca da utilização das margens de rios expressam relações representativas no contexto social do lugar, atuando de forma decisiva na potencialização ou na limitação dos seus recursos.
27
Haynes, Emily C. "Currents of Change: An Urban and Environmental History of the Anacostia River and Near Southeast Waterfront in Washington, D.C." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/36.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes how social and environmental inequalities have interacted throughout Washington, D.C.’s urban and environmental history to shape the Anacostia River and its Near Southeast waterfront into urbanized and industrialized landscapes. Drawing on the principles of environmental justice, urban political ecology, and environmental history, I examine the construction of urban rivers and waterfront space over time. I link the ecological and social decline of the Anacostia River and Near Southeast neighborhood to a broader national pattern of environmental degradation and social inequality along urban rivers that resulted from urban industrialization and federal water management. Finally, I discuss the recent national trend in redevelopment of formerly industrial urban waterfronts. In particular, I focus on two brownfield redevelopment projects in Near Southeast: the Washington National’s baseball stadium at Nationals Park, completed in 2008, and the ongoing construction of The Yards mixed-use development complex. The Anacostia River has served as a touchstone throughout Near Southeast’s shifting neighborhood identity and land use. This thesis uses the river as a starting point at which to begin an exploration of a long history of social and environmental inequality in waterfront Washington, D.C.
28
Freire, Anita Rodrigues. "As várzeas urbanas de São Paulo: o processo de ocupação e transformação das várzeas dos rios Tietê, Pinheiros e Tamanduateí.." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-16012019-103119/.
Full textAbstract:
A principal questão que esta pesquisa busca examinar é: O que caracteriza do ponto de vista físico, espacial e funcional o processo de ocupação e transformação das várzeas urbanas de São Paulo? O objeto de pesquisa proposto são as várzeas urbanas dos três principais rios que cortam a cidade de São Paulo: Tietê, Pinheiros e Tamanduateí. A principal hipótese para a questão central é que apesar das diferenças entre cada uma das várzeas analisadas, o que as caracterizam são as semelhanças em seu processo de ocupação: o histórico de ocupação com a canalização dos rios e ocupação excessiva de suas margens, a existência de ocupações setorizadas, a permanência de grandes glebas e áreas com baixa densidade construtivas e baixa densidade habitacional, infraestrutura urbana incompleta. O que faz com que se apresentem ainda hoje como principais áreas potenciais de transformação da cidade a partir de novas premissas de ocupação e uso do solo no seu padrão intraurbano. A caracterização da área de estudo foi realizada por meio de produção e análise cartográfica produzida pela autora, especificamente, para esta pesquisa. A leitura das diferenças e similaridades entre as várzeas urbanas foi de fundamental importância para a problematização e avaliação do potencial de ocupação futura das áreas estudadas. Também faz parte desta pesquisa a análise de projetos de arquitetura e urbanismo elaborados em áreas de várzea. A pesquisa levou à uma análise e avaliação do potencial de urbanização das várzeas dos principais rios de São Paulo, possibilitando a discussão dos novos processos de transformação, já em andamento, destas áreas.The main question that this research seeks to examine is: What characterizes from a physical, spatial and functional point of view the process of ocupation and transformation of the urban floodplains of São Paulo? The proposed research object is the urban lowlands of the three main rivers that cut the city of São Paulo: Tietê, Pinheiros and Tamanduateí. The main hypothesis for the presented question is that despite the differences between each of the floodplains analyzed, what characterizes them are the similarities in their occupation process: the occupation history with the channeling of rivers and excessive occupation of their banks, existence of occupations sectorized, the permanence of large areas and areas with low density constructive and low density housing, incomplete urban infrastructure. What makes them still present today as main potential areas of transformation of the city from new premises of occupation and land use at its intra-urban level. The characterization of the study area was carried out through production and cartographic analysis, produced by the author, specifically, for this research. The reading of the differences and similarities between the urban floodplains was of fundamental importance for the problematization and evaluation of the potential of future occupation of the studied areas. Also part of this research is the analysis of architectural and urban planning projects elaborated in lowland areas. The research led to an analysis and evaluation of the potential of urbanization of the floodplains of the main rivers of São Paulo, allowing the discussion of the new processes of transformation, already underway, of these areas.
29
Lin, Yu-Fang [Verfasser]. "Habitat functions of urban rivers and their flood plains : a case study of the Lower Keelung River in Taipei City, Taiwan / Yu-Fang Lin." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015447732/34.
Full text
30
Brasil, Camila Campos Grossi. "Paisagem e ambiente construído: intervenções antrópicas no traçado do rio Paraibuna em Juiz de Fora – MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/917.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-02T12:14:25Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
camilacamposgrossibrasil.pdf: 11738546 bytes, checksum: 921a19c38e4205b212e61d611db99cf2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:49:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camilacamposgrossibrasil.pdf: 11738546 bytes, checksum: 921a19c38e4205b212e61d611db99cf2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camilacamposgrossibrasil.pdf: 11738546 bytes, checksum: 921a19c38e4205b212e61d611db99cf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Rios e cidades formam um binômio bastante antigo, pois a oferta de águas para o cultivo de alimentos selou a parceria entre Homem e paisagem. Entretanto, com o crescimento populacional e os desequilíbrios ecológicos atuais muitos rios mudaram não só a sua configuração física, mas a importância que têm hoje para o meio ambiente. Vistos muitas vezes como causa de desastres naturais como alagamentos, enchentes e desmoronamentos, os rios urbanos entraram em alto grau de saturação, sendo tema urgente de políticas públicas e gestão municipal. O objetivo desse trabalho é recuperar historicamente a relação entre rios e cidades destacando os principais problemas que são enfrentados e quais medidas têm surtido efeito para a melhor otimização dessa relação. Foi utilizada como metodologia a revisão de literatura sobre a questão urbana e o estudo de caso, cuja abordagem se detém no rio Paraibuna, no trecho que percorre a cidade de Juiz de Fora, em Minas Gerais. Verificou-se que as intervenções que retificaram o rio Paraibuna em alguns trechos foram determinantes para o desenvolvimento do tecido urbano. Se a motivação àquela época era conter os alagamentos, hoje, esse problema volta à tona, além da poluição das águas e a ocupação ilegal das margens. O projeto de revitalização do rio ainda não foi concluído, mas já acena com a possibilidade do rio ser novamente incorporado como lugar de lazer para a população urbana.
Rivers and cities form a rather old binomial, because the supply of water for growing food sealed the partnership between man and landscape. However, with population growth and the current ecological imbalances many rivers have changed not only its physical configuration, but the importance they have today for the environment. Often seen as a cause of natural disasters such as inundation, floods and landslides, urban rivers come into the high degree of saturation, being urgent issue of public policy and city management. The aim of this paper is to recover the historical relationship between rivers and cities highlighting the key issues that are addressed and what measures have been effective for the optimization of the best relationship. It was used the methodology to literature review on urban issues and case study. The approach stands in Paraibuna River in the stretch that runs through the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State. It was found that interventions that rectified the river Paraibuna in some places were instrumental in the development of the urban fabric. f the motivation at that time was to contain the flooding, today, this issue back to the scene, as the water pollution and illegal occupation of margins. The revitalize river's project has not yet been finalized, but it speaks to the possibility of the river be re-built as a place of recreation for the urban population.
31
AlRoumi, Dina K. "Microbiological and molecular biological analysis of oil contaminated marine sediments : 30 years after the spill." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80164.
Full textAbstract:
In 1970 the Arrow oil spill off Cape Breton contaminated 305 kilometres of shoreline. Aerial and land surveys have demonstrated that natural weathering has occurred throughout this period, but it was relatively slow, especially in sheltered areas like Black Duck Cove lagoon. This study analyzed the microbial hydrocarbon degradation potential in the lagoon sediments using direct and culture-based techniques. Mineralization of hydrocarbon substrates (hexadecane, octacosane and naphthalene) indicated the presence of an active degradative microbial community, however, genes from known bacterial hydrocarbon degradation pathways (alkB, ndoB, phnAc) were not detected by direct extraction of sediment DNA and PCR amplification. Sediment enrichment cultures had increased mineralization rates for naphthalene and hexadecane, and a hexadecane-degrading pure culture, Rhodococcus sp. BDC14, with a typical alkB gene was isolated. PCR analysis of total community DNA extracted directly from the enrichments indicated the presence of the Alcanivorax borkumensis alkB1 genotype. The results demonstrated that there were notable differences between culture-based and direct molecular analytical techniques in characterizing the contaminated sediments.
32
Travassos, Luciana Rodrigues Fagnoni Costa. "Revelando os rios: novos paradígmas para a intervenção em fundos de vale urbanos na Cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-22102010-104858/.
Full textAbstract:
A partir da segunda metade da década de 2000, novas variáveis, de cunho ambiental, foram introduzidas nas políticas públicas que tratam da relação entre rios, várzeas e áreas urbanas na Cidade de São Paulo, resultando em uma mudança significativa na forma de entender a urbanificação dessas áreas, tanto em âmbito municipal quanto estadual. O objetivo desta tese é analisar o andamento dessas novas políticas públicas, em suas diversas escalas, dos planos aos projetos urbanos, observando as restrições e potencialidades que se apresentam ao seu desenvolvimento. É possível observar, a partir dos estudos realizados, que apesar de a abrangência das intervenções ainda ser pequena, há avanços nas políticas, o que indica que a relação estabelecida com o sistema hídrico no século passado está em processo de transformação. Contudo, permanece o caráter setorial das intervenções, resultando em ações muitas vezes incompletas, que respondem parcialmente às demandas sociais, ambientais e urbanas. Como resposta às questões colocadas pela análise, a tese sugere alguns parâmetros para o planejamento, implantação e gestão de caminhos verdes, parques lineares, ou outros espaços livres públicos em fundos de vale.After the middle of 2000 decade a number of new environmental variables were brought into the public policies debate around rivers, riverbanks and the management of urban areas in the city of Sao Paulo. This has had a profound impact on how urbanization is perceived both at municipal and state levels. This doctorate thesis\' objective is to review the development of such policies at its multiple levels, as well as its plans and development programmes with special attention to the opportunities and shortcomings its implementation may bring. Results show that even though the scope of interventions is still narrow, there has been improvements in the way these public policies are made, which suggests a trend in the way water has been historically managed for the last century. Nevertheless, the silo approach to water management resources is still prevelent, which leads to insufficient responses to the social and environmental needs of urban development initiatives. In response to the challenge posed by this research, the thesis recommends a set of parameters for the planning, implementation and management of greenways and other public spaces on the urban river corridors.
33
Mendonça, Rebeca Goldstein de. "Paisagem fluvial urbana: percursos e percepções na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-07032016-185546/.
Full textAbstract:
Os rios paulistanos foram, ao longo dos anos, acumulando funções que muitas vezes eram contraditórias, o que transformou as várzeas em áreas de conflitos econômicos, ambientais e sociais. Paralelamente, teve lugar um processo de apagamento da rede hídrica da superfície da cidade, o que resultou em sua ocultação da paisagem, privando a população de um convívio mais próximo e casual. Esta perda do contato com os rios - e com a própria cidade - foi sentida por uma parcela da sociedade que busca, atualmente, retomar uma relação perdida por meio de iniciativas de seus vários setores. Neste caminho, encontra-se esta pesquisa que busca através dos percursos urbanos, refletir sobre as possibilidades de resgate da rede hídrica, identificando no ambiente urbano uma série de oportunidades e formas de requalificação daquela - desde ações mais radicais até a sutileza do redesenho de caminhos que poderão registrar a sua memória e voltar a fazer parte do imaginário da população. Buscando entender a relação que as pessoas estabelecem ou poderiam estabelecer com os cursos d\'água do seu cotidiano, a metodologia utilizada foi a da pesquisa qualitativa, com a técnica da entrevista em profundidade. Pudemos identificar, com a pesquisa, que o sentido positivo atribuído anteriormente aos rios paulistanos, alterou-se na medida em que estes se descaracterizavam - na atualidade, são identificados, muitas vezes, como esgoto. Entretanto, identificamos, igualmente, o afeto latente na relação da população com os cursos d\'água e o desejo forte de reversão desses nocivos processos, o que nos conduz a uma otimista perspectiva de reconfiguração da paisagem urbana na perspectiva de uma expressiva requalificação de sua rede hídrica, com a anuência e a participação da sociedade nesse caminho.Over the years, the rivers of São Paulo ,accumulated functions that were often contradictory, which transformed its floodplains in areas of economic, environmental and social conflicts. Simutaneously, the water base suffered an erasing process on the surface of the city, which resulted in its occultation that deprived the population of a closer and casual relationship. This loss of contact with the rivers - and the city itself - was felt by a portion of society that seeks currently to restore that lost relationship through initiatives from its various sectors. This research seeks, through the urban pathways, reflect on the water base rescue possibilities, identifying in the urban environment a lot of opportunities and ways of requalifying it - from more radical actions to subtly redesign paths that can register its memory and be part of the popular imaginary. Seeking to understand the relationship that people establish or could establish with streams of their daily life, the methodology used was the qualitative research, with in-depth interview technique. We could identify, through research, that the positive meaning previously assigned to São Paulo rivers, has changed to the extent that these are deteriorated ; nowadays, they are often identified as sewage. Nevertheless, we also identified the latent affection in the relationship of the population with the waterways and a strong desire to reverse these harmful processes, which leads us to an optimistic outlook reconfiguration of the urban landscape from the perspective of a significant upgrading of their water base, with the consent and participation of society in this way.
34
Simsek, Gul. "An Approach To Urban River Rehabilitation For Coexistence Of River And Its Respective City: Porsuk River Case And City Of Eskisehir." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613339/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
All living things mostly the humans, as builders of civilizations, have always been in intrinsic bonds with water. This interaction between water (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers etc.) and settlements has existed since ancient civilizations. Among water resources, &lsquoflowing waters&rsquo
such as rivers, streams, creeks, etc. have a prominent role as they are the lifeblood of most cities in terms of providing transportation, security, energy, irrigation, commerce, and recreation. By the late 19th century, developments of terrestrial transportation modes diminished the magnetism of rivers and riverfronts, and growing industries led to the deterioration of rivers. Owing to these reasons, along with many others, they turned into sewage channels, were covered up, and became water scopes detached from the urban life. Particularly since the 1970s, with more attention given to sustainability of resources, a greater awareness has grown of the vital role of urban rivers as a resource for humans and a lifeline for cities. After being neglected for decades, urban rivers have started to be rehabilitated to solve the related problems. The new approach to urban river rehabilitation beyond classical practices that aim at recovering the physical conditions of rivers has come to the fore to address the problems comprehensively. Instead of independent and one-dimensional practices, the urban rivers have become to be seen as a vital part of urban water system and of the city itself. While rehabilitating urban rivers, recovering river health can be ensured provided that the entire urban water ecosystem is taken into consideration. The ecocity approach is one of the major new approaches that geared toward achieving a healthy city, and sustainability of water system is the significant goal within this approach. In this regard, the thesis first asserts that the ecocity criteria are likely to give way to a more sustainable future for urban rivers. Besides being a part of the ecosystem, urban rivers have transformed together with the surrounding built environment throughout the history of cities. Significant focal elements of the urban pattern, urban rivers should be dealt with other urban focal points, with the introduced concept of river-city integration, which is proposed as the second assertion of the thesis. In this respect, the study attempts to investigate urban rivers and their rehabilitation in relation with both the ecocity approach, and the river-city integration concept. The research methodology in the present study involves comparative anaysis of best practices and case study analysis. Porsuk River and the city of Eskisehir, which the river passes through, were selected as a case for empirical study. Criteria sets that determined within the frames of ecocity and river-city integration, and the testing of the criteria in the case area offers an opportunity to contribute to literature of river and city coexistence.
35
SILVA, Julio César Félix da. "Hidropolítica da bacia do rio una: uma abordagem a partir das margens fluviais em São Bento do Una – PE." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15603.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-02T17:49:06Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
DISSERTAÇÃO Julio César Félix da Silva.pdf: 2836680 bytes, checksum: 700616f16824cf18494442d5aba43fc4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T17:49:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Julio César Félix da Silva.pdf: 2836680 bytes, checksum: 700616f16824cf18494442d5aba43fc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27
CNPQ
A bacia hidrográfica é uma unidade regional de planejamento, cujo olhar está centrado na sua totalidade territorial, já que possui um caráter interdependente do ponto de vista hidrológico, ou seja, as intervenções setoriais podem se refletir na quantidade e/ou qualidade das suas águas em trechos subsequentes. Quando trata-se de águas transfronteiriças, intervenções arbitrárias podem resultar em conflitos, na medida em que determinadas ações locais em um território compromete as águas em outras unidades territoriais. Outrossim, a interdependência hidrológica também precisa ser considerada quando da intervenção para conter a problemática sócio-ambiental de uma bacia hidrográfica, neste caso, é necessário que haja cooperação entre todas as unidades territoriais que partilham suas águas. Em consonância com o planejamento territorial da bacia hidrográfica assenta-se a hidropolítica, pela sua capacidade de abarcar as unidades territoriais (municípios, estados e/ou países) que compartilham suas águas. A hidropolítica é uma gestão compartilhada de águas superficiais ou subterrâneas tranfronteiriças, visando à equidade no seu uso entre os territórios onde estão distribuídas, para evitar a primazia de alguns e o comprometimento da quantidade e qualidade da água em outros. É nesse contexto que este trabalho visa a analisar a hidropolítica da bacia do rio Una a partir do estudo das margens fluviais na cidade de São Bento do Una – PE, visando à identificação e compreensão dos desafios da gestão das águas e as tendências da problemática. Sobre a hidropolítica da bacia do rio Una, constatou-se que vem ocorrendo de forma fragmentada e precária, devido à falta de cooperação e ações dos municípios, mas também em virtude da estrutura da dominialidade do rio, que não atribui responsabilidade consistente as municipalidades. Soma-se a isso, a pendência da APAC e do COBH-Una na realização do processo, e o fato do Estatuto não abrir espaço para todos os municípios inseridos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Una. No plano empírico, foi constatado a partir da caracterização das margens fluviais do rio Una na cidade de São Bento do Una, que os problemas sócio-ambientais decorrem da ineficácia do poder público em disciplinar as ocupações urbanas irregulares frente aos processos sociais que segregam classes espacialmente, da ausência de esgotamento sanitário, implicando o despejo de efluentes domésticos que, conforme análise de relatórios da CPRH, constitui a principal fonte poluidora. Esse processo de expansão das cidades no sentido das margens fluviais, acompanhado do aumento da poluição, agudiza a qualidade de vida dos citadinos, situação que configura-se como uma forte tendência na realidade da bacia do rio Una.
The watershed is a regional planning unit, whose gaze is focused on its territorial entirety, since it has an interdependent character of the hydrological point of view, ie, sectoral interventions can be reflected in the quantity and / or quality of water in subsequent sections. When it is transboundary waters, arbitrary interventions can result in conflicts, to the extent that certain local actions in a territory commits the waters in other units. Moreover, the hydrological interdependence must also be considered when intervention to contain the social and environmental problems of a watershed, in this case, there must be cooperation between all territorial units which share its waters. In line with the territorial planning of the basin sits the Hydropolitics, for its ability to cover the territorial units (municipalities, states and / or countries) that share its waters. The Hydropolitics is a shared management of surface water or groundwater tranfronteiriças, aimed at equity in its use among the territories where they are distributed to avoid the primacy of some and the impairment of water quantity and quality in others. In this context, this work aims to analyze the Hydropolitics river basin Una from the study of river banks in the city of São Bento - PE, aiming at identifying and understanding of water management challenges and trends of the problem. About Hydropolitics the river Una basin, it was found that has taken place in a fragmented and precarious due to lack of cooperation and actions of the municipalities, but also because of the structure of the river dominion, which does not assign responsibility consistent municipalities. Added to this, the pending APAC and COBH-Una in carrying out the process, and the fact that the laws do not make room for all cities within the basin of the river Una. Empirically, it was found from the characterization of river banks of the river Una in São Bento, the social and environmental problems resulting from the ineffectiveness of the government to discipline the irregular urban occupations compared to the social processes that segregate classes spatially , the lack of sanitation, involving the dumping of domestic effluents, as the CPRH reports analysis, is the main pollution source. This process of expansion of cities towards the river bank, accompanied by increased pollution, sharpens the quality of life of city dwellers, a situation that is configured as a strong trend in the reality of the Una river basin.
36
Bevilácqua, Vanilsa Santana Oliveira. "Serviços ecológicos de um rio de Floresta Atlântica: uma perspectiva social e ambiental." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2007. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3938.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T15:45:36Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
vanilsasantanaoliveirabevilacqua.pdf: 7105909 bytes, checksum: 49682ad016642d9d3bed499770dda091 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-03T18:52:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanilsasantanaoliveirabevilacqua.pdf: 7105909 bytes, checksum: 49682ad016642d9d3bed499770dda091 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T18:52:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanilsasantanaoliveirabevilacqua.pdf: 7105909 bytes, checksum: 49682ad016642d9d3bed499770dda091 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-18
É muito antiga a relação que se estabelece entre populações e rios. Desde que o homem deixou de ser nômade, passou a buscar locais próximos a cursos d’água para fixar-se e desenvolver-se. Assim, os rios tornaram-se o marco inicial de várias civilizações e passaram a dividir seu espaço com a população originando situações cíclicas onde as cidades invadem os rios e as águas dos rios retomam seu espaço nas cidades. Procurando entender esse processo, neste estudo apresenta-se uma análise das relações entre um rio e a população que habita suas margens. Trabalhou-se a partir de duas técnicas de investigação da percepção ambiental dos moradores ribeirinhos em relação ao rio: questionário e mapa mental, ambas objetivando uma melhor compreensão das inter-relações do homem com o meio ambiente, suas expectativas, satisfações e insatisfações, julgamentos e condutas. O Rio Carangola que legou seu nome à cidade e lhe serviu de nascedouro, hoje têm seu leito comprimido pela urbanização que forma um corredor em todo seu trecho urbano. Transformou-se em fundo de lote e carreador de dejetos e, a população, que ao longo dos anos contribui para o cenário atual, sente-se ameaçada pelas enchentes, que nada mais são do que a retomada do espaço pelas águas do rio outrora invadido.
The relationship between rivers and its surrounding population is very old. After quitting nomadic lifestyle humans wanted to settle in places close to aquatic resources. Aquatic systems represented the initial spot for many human civilizations. Rivers and populations started shearing their space generating a cyclic scenario in which cities invaded rivers and rivers invaded cities. Attempting to understand this process, the present study brings an analysis of the relationship between one river and the population inhabiting its border. Two different techniques for investigating the environmental perception of riverine residents were applied, as follow: questionary and mental map. Both techniques aimed to understand men’s expectancies, satisfactions and dissatisfactions, judgment and behavior with regard to the environment. Carangola River, that bequeathed its name to a city, nowadays has its border compressed by urbanization. The river has become back-border of terrains and waste carrier. The riverine population, that contributes a lot to the current critic scenario, nowadays feels threatened by the risk of inundations.
37
Palma, Solange Lourenço. "Cidades de água: requalificação de frentes ribeirinhas. Estudo de caso: concelho do Seixal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11466.
Full textAbstract:
A história da humanidade está intrinsecamente relacionada com a água, visto que muitas das cidades surgiram nas proximidades de grandes rios. Nestes casos, a água desempenha um papel determinante no desenvolvimento da cidade, não apenas ao nível económico, mas também aos níveis cultural e social. A água, como componente da paisagem, poderá surgir de diversas formas no desenho urbano constituindo uma ferramenta bastante versátil, criativa e desafiante para o Arquiteto Paisagista. Perante a atual crise ambiental, o arquiteto paisagista deverá criar não somente espaços esteticamente qualificados, mas igualmente sustentáveis e ecológicos; ### ABSTRACT: Cities of water: Requalification of riverfronts. Case study: County of Seixal
The history of Humanity is intrinsically related with water, given that many of the cities appeared in the proximity of great rivers. In these cases, water played an essential role in the development of the city, not only in economic level, but also cultural and social levels. The water, as a component of the landscape, may appear under several shapes in urban design providing a versatile, creative and challenging tool for the Landscape Architect. Faced the current environmental crisis, the landscape architect should create not only aesthetically qualified spaces, but also sustainable and ecological.
38
Kemp, Annabeth S. "Freshwater cyanoprokaryota blooms in the Swan Coastal Plain wetlands: ecology, taxonomy and toxicology." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1477.
Full textAbstract:
Relatively little published information on cyanoprokaryote (blue-green algal) blooms in the freshwater wetlands in Western Australia is available. There has been little research on the urban lakes and rivers, examining the relationship between environmental conditions and toxin-producing blooms. In this project the ecology, morphology and toxicity of cyanoprokaryota blooms in 27 metropolitan lakes and sumplands, as well as three major rivers, from 2000 to 2003, on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP) in the southwest of Western Australia were investigated.A total of 24 species were identified and described, of which nine species had not been previously documented in the area. This included the potentially toxic species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Anabaena bergii var. limnetica. An illustrated guide to the common bloom-forming species was generated using conventional taxonomic criteria.Microcystis flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa were the dominant bloom-forming cyanoprokaryotes, widespread in their distribution. Anabaena circinalis, A. bergii var. limnetica and Anabaenopsis elenkinii were the common filamentous species. Anabaena circinalis was common to certain freshwater sites, while A. bergii var. limnetica and A. elenkinii occurred in salinity ranging from fresh (< 1ppt) to hyposaline (3-10 ppt). Sites with similar species assemblages were identified using two-way indicator species analysis and clustering analysis. From this, a distinct distribution pattern emerged, which was defined by the main genera observed in the lakes – Microcystis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Anabaenopsis.The spatial and temporal distribution of the common bloom-forming cyanoprokaryote species was examined in conjunction with spring-summer physico-chemical data using principal component analysis. It was found that pH, water temperature and electrical conductivity/salinity accounted for variations among the lakes, with electrical conductivity the variable explaining the greatest variation. Lakes located on the coast, or further inland at the base of the Darling Scarp, were more hyposaline to saline, and the remaining lakes were fresh. Although the SCP lakes form consanguineous groups based on geochemistry and hydrology, no similarities among them were found in terms of water quality.The relationship between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (total and dissolved inorganic) and cyanoprokaryote community structure (N-fixing versus non-N-fixing species) was investigated in five selected lakes; Yangebup Lake, Bibra Lake, Blue Gum Lake, Tomato Lake and Emu Lake. The lakes ranged from mesotrophic to eutrophic and supported spring-summer blooms containing multiple species. Overall an inverse relationship between cyanoprokaryote abundance and total ambient nutrient concentrations at the time of the blooms was evident. No transition in dominance in the community was observed in Yangebup Lake, Emu Lake and Bibra Lake, as they were dominated by non-heterocytic species (M. aeruginosa and M. flos-aquae) throughout spring and summer. For Yangebup Lake and Bibra Lake, the abundance of non-heterocytic species decreased concomitantly with decreasing dissolved inorganic N. In contrast, heterocytic species (A. circinalis) dominated the spring community in Tomato Lake, and summer community in Blue Gum Lake, when N and P concentrations were at their highest.The presence of microcystins in Microcystis dominated blooms was examined using high performance chromatography. A total of 32 natural bloom samples, representing 13 lakes, were analysed for microcystin variants; -LR, -RR and -YR. Twenty-eight samples proved to be toxic with the highest total microcystin concentration from 1645 to 8428.6 µg L[superscript]-1, the lowest concentrations were less than 10 µg L[superscript]-1 with some below the detection limit. Microcystis aeruginosa and M. flos-aquae were associated with these microcystin-containing blooms, although M. flos-aquae appear to be less toxic. The presence of Nodularia spumigena in the Lake Yangebup was associated with high concentrations of nodularin (1664 µg L[superscript]-1).Employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for microcystins and the brine shrimp (Artemia) bioassays allowed a greater number of lake samples to be analysed and provided a rapid assessment of toxicity. The three methods for cyanotoxin detection verified Yangebup Lake, Herdsman Lake, Hyde Park, Jackadder Lake and Emu Lake as highly toxic sites. Low toxicity was demonstrated in samples from Lake Goollelal, Lake Joondalup, Lake Claremont, Blue Gum Lake and North Lake. These results provided the first evidence of cyanotoxin producing blooms in urban lakes of the SCP.A comparative study on cyanoprokaryota blooms in Swan River estuary, upper Canning River and upper Serpentine River found that these sites, although hyposaline to saline, contained species that were common in the freshwater lakes. Sampling the river systems showed M. aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, A. circinalis, A. elenkinii and Planktothrix planctonica to be cosmopolitan in distribution, present in SCP wetlands of varied salinity. Similarities between the upper Canning River and lakes in environmental conditions and species assemblage were demonstrated using multivariate analyses.Toxin analysis of bloom samples from the Swan River and upper Canning River revealed microcystin concentrations were less than that of the surrounding lakes (1.05-124.16 µg L[superscript]-1). Similarly, nodularin concentrations were higher in Yangebup Lake than the upper Serpentine River. However, the dominance of Anabaena in Canning River samples, and the highly toxic result from the Artemia bioassay suggests microcystin is not the predominant cyanotoxin in this wetland.This study has produced an overview of the distribution and morphology of cyanotoxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in the SCP wetlands. The data presented provide the basis for further cyanoprokaryote research in Western Australia, in particular the molecular characterisation of bloom-forming toxic species.
39
Kemp, Annabeth S. "Freshwater cyanoprokaryota blooms in the Swan Coastal Plain wetlands: ecology, taxonomy and toxicology." Curtin University of Technology, Division of Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Biology, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=129384.
Full textAbstract:
Relatively little published information on cyanoprokaryote (blue-green algal) blooms in the freshwater wetlands in Western Australia is available. There has been little research on the urban lakes and rivers, examining the relationship between environmental conditions and toxin-producing blooms. In this project the ecology, morphology and toxicity of cyanoprokaryota blooms in 27 metropolitan lakes and sumplands, as well as three major rivers, from 2000 to 2003, on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP) in the southwest of Western Australia were investigated.A total of 24 species were identified and described, of which nine species had not been previously documented in the area. This included the potentially toxic species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Anabaena bergii var. limnetica. An illustrated guide to the common bloom-forming species was generated using conventional taxonomic criteria.
Microcystis flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa were the dominant bloom-forming cyanoprokaryotes, widespread in their distribution. Anabaena circinalis, A. bergii var. limnetica and Anabaenopsis elenkinii were the common filamentous species. Anabaena circinalis was common to certain freshwater sites, while A. bergii var. limnetica and A. elenkinii occurred in salinity ranging from fresh (< 1ppt) to hyposaline (3-10 ppt). Sites with similar species assemblages were identified using two-way indicator species analysis and clustering analysis. From this, a distinct distribution pattern emerged, which was defined by the main genera observed in the lakes – Microcystis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Anabaenopsis.
The spatial and temporal distribution of the common bloom-forming cyanoprokaryote species was examined in conjunction with spring-summer physico-chemical data using principal component analysis. It was found that pH, water temperature and electrical conductivity/salinity accounted for variations among the lakes, with electrical conductivity the variable explaining the greatest variation. Lakes located on the coast, or further inland at the base of the Darling Scarp, were more hyposaline to saline, and the remaining lakes were fresh. Although the SCP lakes form consanguineous groups based on geochemistry and hydrology, no similarities among them were found in terms of water quality.
The relationship between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (total and dissolved inorganic) and cyanoprokaryote community structure (N-fixing versus non-N-fixing species) was investigated in five selected lakes; Yangebup Lake, Bibra Lake, Blue Gum Lake, Tomato Lake and Emu Lake. The lakes ranged from mesotrophic to eutrophic and supported spring-summer blooms containing multiple species. Overall an inverse relationship between cyanoprokaryote abundance and total ambient nutrient concentrations at the time of the blooms was evident. No transition in dominance in the community was observed in Yangebup Lake, Emu Lake and Bibra Lake, as they were dominated by non-heterocytic species (M. aeruginosa and M. flos-aquae) throughout spring and summer. For Yangebup Lake and Bibra Lake, the abundance of non-heterocytic species decreased concomitantly with decreasing dissolved inorganic N. In contrast, heterocytic species (A. circinalis) dominated the spring community in Tomato Lake, and summer community in Blue Gum Lake, when N and P concentrations were at their highest.
The presence of microcystins in Microcystis dominated blooms was examined using high performance chromatography. A total of 32 natural bloom samples, representing 13 lakes, were analysed for microcystin variants; -LR, -RR and -YR. Twenty-eight samples proved to be toxic with the highest total microcystin concentration from 1645 to 8428.6 µg L[superscript]-1, the lowest concentrations were less than 10 µg L[superscript]-1 with some below the detection limit. Microcystis aeruginosa and M. flos-aquae were associated with these microcystin-containing blooms, although M. flos-aquae appear to be less toxic. The presence of Nodularia spumigena in the Lake Yangebup was associated with high concentrations of nodularin (1664 µg L[superscript]-1).
Employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for microcystins and the brine shrimp (Artemia) bioassays allowed a greater number of lake samples to be analysed and provided a rapid assessment of toxicity. The three methods for cyanotoxin detection verified Yangebup Lake, Herdsman Lake, Hyde Park, Jackadder Lake and Emu Lake as highly toxic sites. Low toxicity was demonstrated in samples from Lake Goollelal, Lake Joondalup, Lake Claremont, Blue Gum Lake and North Lake. These results provided the first evidence of cyanotoxin producing blooms in urban lakes of the SCP.
A comparative study on cyanoprokaryota blooms in Swan River estuary, upper Canning River and upper Serpentine River found that these sites, although hyposaline to saline, contained species that were common in the freshwater lakes. Sampling the river systems showed M. aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae, A. circinalis, A. elenkinii and Planktothrix planctonica to be cosmopolitan in distribution, present in SCP wetlands of varied salinity. Similarities between the upper Canning River and lakes in environmental conditions and species assemblage were demonstrated using multivariate analyses.
Toxin analysis of bloom samples from the Swan River and upper Canning River revealed microcystin concentrations were less than that of the surrounding lakes (1.05-124.16 µg L[superscript]-1). Similarly, nodularin concentrations were higher in Yangebup Lake than the upper Serpentine River. However, the dominance of Anabaena in Canning River samples, and the highly toxic result from the Artemia bioassay suggests microcystin is not the predominant cyanotoxin in this wetland.
This study has produced an overview of the distribution and morphology of cyanotoxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in the SCP wetlands. The data presented provide the basis for further cyanoprokaryote research in Western Australia, in particular the molecular characterisation of bloom-forming toxic species.
40
Luz, Rodolfo Alves da. "Mudanças geomorfológicas na planície fluvial do Rio Pinheiros, São Paulo (SP), ao longo do processo de urbanização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-29062015-152030/.
Full textAbstract:
O sistema fluvial meândrico do Rio Pinheiros em São Paulo (SP) tem passado por muitas mudanças geomorfológicas devido a intervenções antrópicas decorrentes da urbanização. A hipótese motivadora é a de que estas mudanças apresentam magnitudes maiores ou equivalentes àquelas registradas em condições naturais ou não urbanizadas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de técnicas oriundas da geomorfologia antrópica e histórica, do mapeamento geomorfológico e da análise de geoindicadores de mudanças nas formas da Terra, nos materiais superficiais e nos processos. Por meio da elaboração de três cartas geomorfológicas na escala de 1:25.000 representativas de distintos estágios de perturbação antrópica (pré-perturbação, perturbação ativa e pós-perturbação), foi possível identificar e dimensionar as mudanças históricas no sistema hidromorfológico desde 1930. Os resultados revelaram a elevada magnitude e alta eficiência das intervenções humanas diretas e indiretas nas morfologias e processos hidromorfológicos. Mudanças esperadas para ocorrer em condições naturais ou não urbanas em intervalos de 1 em 10³ a 1 em 104 anos podem se tornar eventos mais frequentes e instantâneos devido à urbanização (1 em 100 a 1 em 10² anos), fazendo as fontes históricas bastante adequadas para a sua identificação. Em apenas 21 anos, o canal meândrico pré-urbano foi substituído por um canal artificial retilíneo, seu comprimento foi reduzido em 44,9% e sua largura foi aumentada em 184,9%. O canal anterior transportava sedimentos finos e matéria orgânica num fluxo dágua constante para jusante. O canal atual tem uma vazão baixa e controlada artificialmente por estruturas de engenharia, que podem reverter o fluxo dágua para montante, fazendo com que o antigo sistema fluvial fosse transformado em um sistema próximo ao lacustre. A maioria dos sedimentos, matéria orgânica e poluentes é depositada no leito do canal, gerando problemas ambientais e de assoreamento. Nos últimos 80 anos, a antiga planície de inundação foi suprimida e novos níveis de terraços foram criados pela atividade humana, especialmente por aterros, cujo volume foi estimado em 16,28x106 m3. As inundações por extravasamento do canal foram reduzidas por causa das estruturas de controle de cheias, e ficam restritas às suas margens imediatas. Entretanto, a capacidade de atenuação das inundações da planície de inundação e baixos terraços foi perdida, e a frequência e magnitude das inundações foram potencializadas por causa da rede de drenagem urbana deficiente, da obstrução por aterros e pela construção de avenidas de fundo de vale nos rios afluentes. Compreender mudanças de tal magnitude auxilia na gestão dos rios e planícies urbanas, nos levantamentos geotécnicos e na identificação das possibilidades de recuperação ambiental, onde as funções ecológicas, hidrológicas e sociais dos sistemas fluviais devem ser restauradas.The urbanised meandering fluvial system of River Pinheiros in Sao Paulo, Brazil, has undergone many geomorphological changes due to human interventions during the urban development. The central hypothesis is that geomorphological changes related to urbanisation over a fluvial plain in tropical humid environment present magnitudes higher than, or similar to, natural or non-urban systems. These changes can be explained by using such techniques as anthropic and historical geomorphology, geomorphological mapping, and geoindicators of change in landforms, materials and processes. Three 1:25,000 geomorphological maps of representative stages of intervention (pre-disturbance, active disturbance and post-disturbance) helped to establish, measure and compare historical changes in the hydromorphological system since 1930. The results revealed the great magnitude and high efficiency of direct and indirect human interventions on fluvial landforms and hydromorphological processes. Changes that might be expected to occur at intervals of 1 in 10³ to 1 in 104 years in natural conditions can become much more frequent events (1 in 100 to 1 in 10² years) due to urbanisation, making the historical sources quite suitable for the identification of these modifications. In just 21 years the pre-urban meandering channel was replaced by a straight and artificial canal, with the length being reduced by 44.9%, the width being increased by 184.9%. The previous fluvial channel carried fine sediments and organic matter in a constant downstream water flow. The current canal has the water flow artificially controlled by engineering structures which can be reversed upstream and, nowadays, behaves as a series of lakes with negligible flow. Most of sediments, organic matter and pollutants are deposited in the canal bed, generating siltation and environmental problems. During the last 80 years the previous floodplain level was eliminated and new terrace levels were created by human activity, particularly by landfills whose volume was estimated to be 16.28x106 m3. Floods by channel overflow were reduced by the engineering structures and are restricted to the nearest banks. However, the flood attenuation capacity of the floodplain and lower terraces was lost and the flood frequency and magnitude was enhanced due to deficient urban drainage, landfill blockage and where the tributaries were recovered by roads. Understanding changes of this magnitude can assist in river and flood management in urban areas, in geotechnical surveys and in the landscape reclamation.
41
Silva, Andreia Cardoso da. "Análise de uma iniciativa de valorização de rios e lagoas em áreas urbanas: Programa Águas do rio (Guardiões dos rios)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8168.
Full textAbstract:
A preocupação com recursos hídricos tem sido crescente em meios urbanos. O
despejo de resíduos sólidos em rios é comum por populações ribeirinhas, favorecendo a
ocorrência de enchentes, a proliferação de vetores e doenças e o desprezo da comunidade
pelos rios. Nesse contexto, programas que relacionam lixo, recursos hídricos e população
ribeirinha têm sido objeto de várias iniciativas governamentais. Este trabalho busca avaliar
uma delas: o Programa Municipal de valorização de rios e lagoas Águas do Rio (Guardiões
dos rios) que foi desenvolvido pela prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro entre abril de 2001 a março
de 2008. O programa buscou aliar interesses de ordem técnica, de saúde pública e de cunho
social para a comunidade por utilizar mão de obra local para a manutenção da calha do rio,
visando à retirada de lixo e entulhos do rio, geralmente em áreas de pequena extensão
territorial, com manutenção adequada de margens e entornos. A partir de entrevistas abertas e
questionários aplicados junto aos envolvidos de 27 frentes de trabalho, constatou-se um
resultado bastante positivo nas comunidades onde o Programa foi implantado: diminuição de
enchentes, redução de vetores e melhoria da paisagem urbana. Contudo, observou-se também
profundo descontentamento com a interrupção do Programa, atribuído principalmente ao uso
indevido por determinados políticos (ampliação descontrolada do Programa com abandono de
critérios técnicos) e a transferência da sua gestão para uma instituição municipal que não o
manteve funcionando. Conclui-se, sobretudo, que o Programa Guardiões dos rios é uma
iniciativa criativa de ações emergenciais em rios urbanos, em nível municipal, que combina a
retirada de lixo dos rios, um trabalho social e campanhas de educação ambiental junto às
comunidades.The worry with water resources has increased in urban areas. The dumping of solid waste is common and done by riverside populations which favor the occurrence of flood, the increasing of vectors, the spread off illnesses and the populations refuse to care for the rivers. In this context, programs that include garbage, water resources and riverside population have been the aim of lots of government initiatives. The objective of this research is to assess the results of one of them: the City Program of making rivers and lakes worthwhile The River Waters of Rio ("The River Guardians") that was developed by the city hall of Rio de Janeiro from April from 2001 to March of 2008. The program tried to form an alliance with technical order, public health and of social interests to the population for using local labor to maintain the river to aim taking the garbage of the river, generally in small areas, with the adequate maintenance of the bank and surrounding areas of rivers. From interviews and questionnaires given to 27 labor fronts, a positive result has been brought to the Program had been introduced: the fall of flood and vectors and also the improvement of the urban view. However, people realized a profound unhappiness with the Program break, related mainly to the wrong usage of some politicians (the out of control enlargement of the Program with of technical withdraw) and the management transfer to a municipal institution that did not maintain this program working. Its been concluded that the Program The River Guardians is a creative initiative of emergencial actions in urban rivers, at municipal level, that combines the taking off rivers garbage, a social work and environmental education campaigns in the communities.
42
Negrão, Anne Caroline. "Modelagem hidrodinâmica unidimensional da passagem de onda de cheia em um córrego urbano considerando escoamento transcrítico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-21122015-105139/.
Full textAbstract:
A compreensão, monitoramento e simulação da dinâmica da rede de drenagem de um centro urbano, inclusive os rios, podem auxiliar a análise de risco e o desenvolvimento e correção de projetos de rede de drenagem urbana. Entretanto, a simulação de rios urbanos é um grande desafio, devido a rápida variação das condições de escoamento (nível d\'água e velocidade) durante a passagem de onda de cheia, trazendo dificuldades tanto no monitoramento como na modelagem. Por se tratar de escoamentos não permanentes com significativo efeito de histerese da relação nível-vazão, torna-se necessária a utilização de modelos hidrodinâmicos. Além disso, a possível ocorrência de escoamento transcrítico aumenta a complexidade de representação do problema. Neste trabalho, um modelo hidrodinâmico capaz de resolver escoamentos transcríticos foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de simular eventos de passagem de onda de cheia em rios urbanos. O modelo, implementado na linguagem Fortran, foi baseado nas equações unidimensionais completas de Saint-Venant e utiliza o esquema de resolução de Preissmann adaptado por um redutor dos termos de inércia. Isso permitiu a resolução de escoamentos transcríticos, conforme comprovado em problemas teóricos padrões. Na aplicação prática do modelo, eventos de onda de cheia foram monitorados em um trecho do canal do córrego do Gregório na cidade de São Carlos, São Paulo, e simulações foram realizadas considerando apenas dados de níveis. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios (Eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe acima de 0,7) e permitiram a utilização das vazões estimadas para a proposição de uma curva-chave para o córrego. A metodologia aplicada neste trabalho se mostrou promissora para a definição de curva-chave de rios urbanos que apresentam dificuldades de medição de vazão.The recognition, monitoring and simulation of the drainage system\'s dynamics of an urban center, including rivers, can assist in the risk assessment and the development and correction of urban drainage network projects. However, the simulation of urban rivers is a great challenge, due to the rapid variation of the flow conditions (water level and velocity) during the passing of flood waves, and poses difficulties for their monitoring and modeling. The use of a hydrodynamic model becomes necessary, as the flow is unsteady and produces a hysteresis effect of stage-discharge relation. Furthermore, the possible occurrence of transcritical flow increases the complexity of the problem representation even more. This manuscript addresses the development of a hydrodynamic model that solves transcritical flows and simulates flood wave events in urban rivers. The model, implemented in the Fortran programming language, was based on the one-dimensional complete equations of Saint Venant and uses the Preissmann scheme of resolution adapted by a reduction factor of the inertial terms. Such features enabled the resolution of transcritical flows, as evidenced in standard theoretical problems. In a practical application of the model, flood wave events were monitored in the Gregório creek in São Carlos, São Paulo, and simulations were performed only with level data. The results were satisfactory (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency above 0.7) and enabled the use of the flows estimated for the proposal of a rating curve for the creek. The methodology applied has shown promising for the definition of a rating curve for urban rivers of difficult flow measurements.
43
Cerqueira, Érika do Carmo. "Indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental para a gestão de rios urbanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9977.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-10T19:39:06Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Érika.pdf: 19408513 bytes, checksum: 6b78cf30a8d5eb4a7564e94e182fd593 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-22T19:31:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Érika.pdf: 19408513 bytes, checksum: 6b78cf30a8d5eb4a7564e94e182fd593 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T19:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Érika.pdf: 19408513 bytes, checksum: 6b78cf30a8d5eb4a7564e94e182fd593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise os rios urbanos que são hodiernamente problemas sócio-ambientais, em decorrência da crise ambiental, como resultado do distanciamento do homem em relação à natureza. Mediante o atual estágio de degradação dos rios localizados em ambientes urbanos e considerando a extrema importância destes para os fins naturais, sociais e culturais, torna-se premente uma gestão política, administrativa e educativa em prol de uma percepção mais ampla e consciente que incorpore de forma simbiótica, as dimensões antropocêntricas e ecológicas. No âmbito epistemológico, se faz necessária a construção de uma racionalidade científica, pautada nas abordagens interdisciplinar, holística e contextualizada, que, em relação ao sistema hídrico, deve consolidar a perspectiva da água doce como um bem social, crucial à sobrevivência da humanidade. Nesse sentido, este estudo busca contribuir para a discussão teórica sobre a problemática da degradação dos corpos d’águas urbanos e visa propor um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental como subsídio para a gestão dos rios urbanos que, na atualidade, são contraditoriamente, ao mesmo tempo utilizados, como fonte de água para consumo e ponto de descarga de resíduos e efluentes. Esta proposta é construída a partir de um modelo teórico que relaciona as dimensões, princípios, funções e indicadores em prol da sustentabilidade dos rios e foi aplicada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio do Cobre, situada na cidade de Salvador, Bahia–Brasil, com o intuito de avaliar e legitimar a aplicação do referido sistema. A formulação deste, se deu de forma participativa, com base na contribuição de estudiosos, especialistas e membros da comunidade, por meio de consultas estruturadas à grupos de técnicos e cientistas que trabalham com o tema, além de integrantes de grupos sociais que convivem diretamente com os problemas oriundos da precariedade de conservação do Rio do Cobre. Os resultados desta pesquisa foram armazenados em um SIG e enfim mapeados. Conclui-se que os rios urbanos, hoje entendidos como “esgotos”, possuem funções de primordial importância para o meio e por isso, devem ser recuperados e preservados com base em uma gestão sustentável, que considere os indicadores apresentados ao longo deste trabalho como instrumentos úteis para a efetiva organização e delimitação de ações para a conservação dos recursos hídricos. Almeja-se que o presente trabalho contribua para subsidiar a Administração Pública e a formulação de políticas ambientais, bem como ser um instrumento de conscientização e reivindicação da sociedade em busca pelo re-equilíbrio ambiental para a garantia de vida no planeta.
Salvador
44
Foloni, Fernanda Moço. "Rios sobre o asfalto : conhecendo a paisagem para entender as enchentes /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154520.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Fernanda Moço Foloni (fe_foloni@hotmail.com) on 2018-07-16T15:05:27Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Rios sobre o Asfalto.pdf: 18461763 bytes, checksum: aaf7bcfa8ca11490b0d98aa58e4972bc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-07-16T16:42:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 foloni_fm_me_bauru.pdf: 18461763 bytes, checksum: aaf7bcfa8ca11490b0d98aa58e4972bc (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T16:42:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 foloni_fm_me_bauru.pdf: 18461763 bytes, checksum: aaf7bcfa8ca11490b0d98aa58e4972bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As transformações urbanas ocorridas ao longo do século XX tiveram um papel fundamental na configuração atual das cidades, sendo também a causa de algumas adversidades no ambiente urbano. Seguindo os rastros deixados pelos rios urbanos no curso da história, entendemos a importância do estudo e incorporação da paisagem nos projetos de infraestrutura urbana. Esta pesquisa busca entender uma das principais dificuldades encontradas em muitas cidades brasileiras: as enchentes. Através de consultas bibliográficas, foi possível encontrar na conceituação de paisagem, uma base teórica para analisar a relação dos rios com a cidade de Bauru/SP, a partir das cinco portas da paisagem de Jean-Marc Besse. Cada porta possibilita uma abordagem diferenciada da paisagem urbana, que serão usadas como ferramentas metodológicas para percepção da interação entre o objeto de estudo – o Córrego das Flores – e a paisagem de Bauru. Ainda com o auxílio de bibliografias, apoiadas por documentos, fotos e reportagens obtidas em arquivos municipais, foi analisado o desenvolvimento e expansão da cidade para explicar o contexto no qual o objeto – e o lugar onde se insere – foi transformado, bem como a identidade da população para com o córrego e a nova Avenida Nações Unidas, durante as obras no século XX e nos dias atuais, nos quais convivem com enchentes e alagamentos frequentes. Apresentando medidas sustentáveis para a mitigação das enchentes, o questionário aplicado com os moradores de Bauru e as entrevistas com especialistas em drenagem, engenharia e arquitetura, reafirmam a importância de restabelecer a ligação entre homem e natureza no meio urbano, revitalizando os espaços livres e naturais remanescentes, e agindo como conexão entre moradores e governantes para alcançar tanto uma qualidade de vida melhor quanto uma paisagem equilibrada.
The urban transformations that happened during the 20th century had a fundamental role on the current configuration of cities, being also the cause of some adversities in the urban environment. Following the trails left by urban rivers in the course of history, we understand the importance of the study and incorporation of the landscape in the urban infrastructure projects. This research seeks to understand one of the main difficulties found in many Brazilian cities: the floods. Throughout bibliographic queries, it was possible to find in the conception of landscape, a theoretical basis to analyze the relation of rivers with the city of Bauru/SP, through the five landscape doors of Jean-Marc Besse. Each door allows the study of a particularity of the urban landscape, which will be used as methodological tools for the perception of the interaction between the object of study – o Córrego das Flores – and Bauru’s landscape. Allied with the contribution of bibliography, supported by documents, photos and reports obtained from municipal archives, it was analyzed the development and expansion of the city to explain the context in which the object – and the place its place – was transformed, as the identity of the population with the stream and the new Avenida Nações Unidas, during the constructions on the XX Century and in the current days, in which coexist with frequent floods and overflows. Presenting sustainable measures for floods mitigation, the questionnaire applied with Bauru’s inhabitants and the interviews with specialists in draining, engineering and architecture, reinforce the importance of reestablishing the connection between human and nature on the urban environment, revitalizing the remaining free and natural spaces, and acting as a connection between inhabitants and leaders, to reach both a better quality of life and a more balanced landscape.
CAPES: 1708730
45
Felicio, Bruna da Cunha. "Ocupação antrópica nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente APPs urbanas : estudo das áreas lindeiras aos córregos dos Bagres, Cubatão e Espraiado em Franca/SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4233.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
DissBCF.pdf: 30759720 bytes, checksum: 0bb002a847de0e2dfa65110800339b3a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007-12-01Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The analysis and discussion about anthropic occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas along urban water streams constitute the central part of this work. Initially was tried to understand how human beings dominate space and how this domination is degrading the life quality of Man himself through times. Then, through the studies of occupation of Permanent Preservation Areas of Bagres, Cubatão and Espraiado streams in Franca/SP, we tried to explain the problems of Permanent Preservation Areas, as well as identify along with the legal aspects the critical situation of the treatment given to these areas by the society and the government.
A análise e discussão sobre a ocupação antrópica em Áreas de Preservação Permanente APPs marginais a corpos d água urbanos constituem o cerne deste trabalho. Inicialmente procurou-se entender como o ser humano interage com o espaço e como essa interação vem ao longo dos tempos degradando a qualidade de vida do próprio Homem. Posteriormente, através do estudo da ocupação das APPs dos córregos dos Bagres, Cubatão e Espraiado, em Franca/SP, procurou-se explanar os problemas sobre a questão urbana das APPs, bem como identificar, juntamente com os aspectos legais, a situação crítica do tratamento dado pelo poder público e sociedade a essas áreas.
46
Freitas, Humberto Camelo de. "A bacia do Rio Imboassu, no município de São Gonçalo (RJ) como unidade viabilizadora da educação ambiental no contexto do planejamento e gestão ambiental." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4590.
Full textAbstract:
Os problemas ambientais são cada vez mais comuns e de magnitudes e escalas variadas, atingindo principalmente as áreas urbanas. Poluição atmosférica e dos corpos dágua, deslizamentos de encostas e enchentes são alguns dessas situações adversas. São Gonçalo não foge á regra. Localizada na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, essa cidade sofre com as situações exemplificadas, principalmente em relação a degradação dos rios urbanos e as enchentes que acometem algumas áreas do município. Partindo-se da problemática exposta, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal promover uma discussão teórica e reflexiva sobre a importância da efetivação da educação ambiental com foco na bacia hidrográfica urbana, tomando-se a bacia hidrográfica do rio Imboassú no município de São Gonçalo (RJ), como recorte. A fundamentação metodológica deste trabalho está pautada na análise ambiental que prioriza a participação pública e a educação ambiental no processo de planejamento e gestão, visando minimizar as diversas situações de desequilíbrio e degradação que acometem a bacia. A operacionalização deu-se do seguinte modo: análise inicial a partir da sistematização de estudos diagnósticos e de consultas de documentos, relatórios, dentre outros de órgãos governamentais; análise intermediária a partir da observação em campo do atual estado de degradação da bacia hidrográfica do rio Imboassú e da identificação do conjunto de políticas públicas vigentes; análise integrada análise dos estudos diagnósticos, análise da situação atual da bacia (in loco e documental), análise final com identificação de lacunas de gestão e propostas viáveis no âmbito da educação ambiental. Verificou-se que essa bacia está urbanizada e os rios que a compõem descaracterizados e poluídos, com histórico de enchentes. Falta de ordenamento urbano, degradação ambiental e descaso do poder público são alguns problemas enfrentados pelos moradores dessa bacia, resultando na falta de ordenamento territorial urbano e falta de qualidade de vida da população. Diante do exposto, fica claro a necessidade de se criar mecanismos que amenizem essa degradação e tragam equilíbrio ao funcionamento e dinâmica da bacia, influenciando positivamente o dia-a-dia da população residente em seu interior. Um eficiente caminho para promover essa mudança é a educação ambiental como ferramenta para a transformação da sociedade, conscientizando-a de seu papel participativo e modificando a maneira como esta se relaciona com o meio ambiente. Verificou-se que na prática, na bacia do Imboassú, o poder público não efetiva os pressupostos presentes, tanto na legislação ambiental, quanto no plano diretor municipal e alguns órgãos (CEDAE, INEA, SEMMA) não atuam de forma satisfatória. Logo, levantar a discussão da importância da Educação Ambiental como política pública a ser promovida pelos gestores municipais e apontar para a participação e atuação da sociedade de forma crítica na estruturação do espaço urbano é de extrema importância para promover melhoria na relação sociedade meio ambiente.Environmental problems are increasingly common and varying magnitudes and scales, affecting mainly the urban areas. Air pollution and water bodies, landslidesand floods are some of these adverse situations. São Gonçalo is no exception. Located in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, the city has exemplified with situations, especially in relation to degradation of urban rivers and floods affectingsome areas of the city. Based on the problems exposed, this research has as main objective to promote a reflective and theoretical discussion about the importance of effective environmental education with a focus on urban watershed, taking the river basin Imboassú in São Gonçalo ( RJ), such as clipping. The methodological foundation of this work is based in the environmental analysis that prioritizes environmental education and public participation in planning and management in order to minimize the number of imbalances and degradation that affect the basin. The operation took place as follows: initial analysis from the systematic diagnostic studies and consultation documents, reports, among other government agencies; interim analysis from the field observation of the current state of degradation of river basin Imboassú and identify the set of policies in force, integrated analysis - analysis of diagnostic studies, analyzing the current situation of the basin (on-site and documentary), the final analysis to identify gaps in management and viable proposals in the context of environmental education. It was found that the basin is urbanized and the rivers that make up the defaced and polluted, with a history of flooding. Lack of urban planning, environmental degradation and neglect of the public are some problems faced by residents of the basin, resulting in the disorder and lack of urban land quality of life. In this light, it is clear the need to create mechanisms that mitigate this degradation and bring balance to the function and dynamics of the basin, positively influencing the lives of the residents inside. An efficient way to promote such change is the environmental education as a basis for transformation of society, making them aware of their role in participatory and modifying the way it relates to the environment. It was found that in practice the government did not effectively present the assumptions, both in environmental legislation, as in the municipal master plan and some organs (CEDAE, INEA, SEMMA) do not work satisfactorily. So raise the discussion of the importance of environmental education as public policy to be promoted by municipal and point to the participation and performance in a critical society in the structuring of urban space is extremely important to promote better value society - environment
47
Soares, Mariana Corrêa. "Parques lineares em São Paulo: uma rede de rios e áreas verdes que conecta lugares e pessoas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-23062015-162603/.
Full textAbstract:
No rápido e intenso processo da urbanização de São Paulo, suas várzeas urbanas foram descaracterizadas com os cursos d\'água canalizados sob vias automobilísticas ou invadidas e degradadas pelo modelo de urbanização caracterizado por uma dicotomia entre o homem e a natureza. Destacam-se, no início da década de 2000, políticas públicas formuladas para dar início a novos paradigmas nas relações entre os rios e as várzeas da área urbana e sua cidade, inaugurando uma nova forma de atuação para solucionar os conflitos expressos na forma de ocupação dessas áreas até então. Nesse contexto, os parques lineares surgem como uma forma de uso adequado de fundos de vale, desestimulando invasões e ocupações indevidas por meio de ações estruturadoras do território. Concebidos como elementos de qualificação da paisagem urbana e de sua recuperação ambiental, tais parques contribuem com a drenagem urbana e constituem espaços livres públicos capazes de conectar áreas verdes e favorecer a possível criação de um sistema de espaços livres em São Paulo. Espaços capazes de abrigar práticas de lazer, esporte e cultura, além de contribuir com alternativas não motorizadas de mobilidade urbana. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e visitas a campo, a presente pesquisa contextualiza a implantação dos parques lineares em São Paulo e aprofunda a análise, pautada em uma abordagem paisagística do tema, a partir de 3 estudos de casos que apresentam um leque amplo das problemáticas que os envolvem e das suas potencialidades. Inserida na busca por cidades mais humanas e pautada em dinâmicas mais democráticas, a pesquisa defende a participação popular como meio para a construção de uma melhor qualidade da cidade. Por fim, espera-se contribuir para que a imagem de uma São Paulo permeada por áreas verdes e públicas, associadas aos seus cursos hídricos presentes na paisagem urbana, capazes de abrigar ciclovias e arborizados passeios de pedestres, concebidas através de processos participativos ganhe espaço no imaginário do paulistano para que possam cooperar na construção de uma cidade de São Paulo mais fluida, mais permeável, mais verde e azul, mais viva.In São Paulo\'s rapid and intense urbanization process, its urban floodplains were disfigured with waterways channeled under automobile ways or invaded and de- graded by urbanization model characterized by a dichotomy between man and nature. Stand out in the early 2000s, public politics formulated to initiate new paradigms in the relationship between rivers and floodplains of the city and its urban area, ushering in a new form of action to resolve the conflict expressed in the form of occupation of these areas until then. In this context, linear parks emerge as a form of proper use of valley bottoms, discouraging unwarranted in- vasions and occupations by structuring actions of the territory. Designed as qua- lifying elements of the urban landscape and its environmental remediation, such parks contribute to urban drainage and public open spaces and are capable of connecting green areas and encourage the possible creation of an open spaces system in São Paulo. Spaces capable of harboring practices of leisure, sport and culture, and contribute to non-motorized alternative for urban mobility. Through literature review, interviews and field visits, this study contextualizes the im- plementation of linear parks in São Paulo and deepens the analysis, based on a landscape approach, from three case studies that feature a wide range of issues that concern them and their potential. Inserted in the search for more human ci- ties and based in democratic dynamics, research supports the popular participa- tion as a means to build a better quality of the city. Finally, we hope to contribute to the image of São Paulo ermeated by green and public areas, associated with its water resources present in the urban landscape, able to accommodate bike lanes and pedestrian wooded walks, designed through participatory processes to gain space in local people imagination so that they can cooperate in building a more fluid, more permeable, green and blue, more lively São Paulo city.
48
Romero, Gustavo Bueno. "Dinâmica ecohidrológica de rios urbanos no contexto de gestão de riscos de desastres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-13042017-160250/.
Full textAbstract:
A expansão do tecido urbano e o adensamento das cidades têm um impacto negativo sobre os recursos hídricos, tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade das águas no ambiente, pois aumenta as cargas de poluentes no meio e altera o ciclo hidrológico natural, criando riscos à população. É possível reduzir tais riscos através do diagnóstico, planejamento e gestão adequada das áreas de risco para a proteção civil e das comunidades. A abordagem ecohidrológica, que considera a relação funcional entre hidrologia, sistemas aquáticos e sua biota na escala de bacia hidrográfica, incorporando aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da água em uma visão de interdependência entre Ecologia e Hidrologia, permite o diagnóstico, planejamento e manejo adequado dos cursos hídricos em benefício tanto dos humanos quando dos demais seres vivos. Este trabalho busca investigar a dinâmica ecohidrológica no espaço e no tempo da Bacia do Rio Monjolinho, localizada no Município de São Carlos (SP), no contexto de gestão de riscos de desastres hidrológicos. Os processos quantitativos são investigados por meio de simulações com o SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) e os dados de simulação são utilizados, por vez, na determinação do IP (Índice de Perigo) de pontos estratégicos da bacia hidrográfica e também das áreas com maior risco de inundação. Com relação à qualidade, onze variáveis clássicas de qualidade dágua são determinadas experimentalmente em 15 pontos da bacia a fim de caracterizar a dinâmica das cargas de poluentes, permitindo desta maneira a avaliação do risco biológico na bacia. Os resultados quali-quantitativos mostram que os vales dos rios oferecem riscos tanto devido às inundações quanto devido ao alto risco de contaminação.The urban tissue expansion and the urban area densification have a negative impact on water resources, in terms of quality and quantity of available water, since it increases the polutant load at the same time it changes the natural hydrological cycle, exposing population to risk. It is possible to reduce the risks by means of assessment, planning and correct management of risk areas in order to protect the communities. The ecohydrology, which takes into account the functional relationship between hydrology, aquatic systems and biota in watershed scale, considering quali-quantitative aspects and their interdependecies, enable us to assess, plan and manage risks in an advantageous way for humans and living beings as well. This work investigates the ecohydrology dynamics in space and time of Rio Monjolinho basin, located within the municipality of São Carlos (SP), Brazil, in the context of disaster risk management. The quantitative aspects are investigated using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) simulation model, and the simulation data generated are used to calculate the Risk Index (RI) and to map the flooding risk areas in the basin. Eleven classic water quality variables are experimentaly determined to assess the polutant load dynamics and its distribution in the sub-basins, enabling us to assess the biologic risks. The results show that some areas in the catchment are not just flood risk areas but also areas of high biological risk of contamination.
49
Blas, Salazar Cecilia Karol, and Aviles Fernando Carlos Fernandez. "Propuestas de mejora de puentes vehiculares urbanos de concreto sobre el Río Rímac a través de la metodología LRFR del Aastho y la ficha de inspección del MTC para garantizar su servicio. caso de estudio: entre puente balta y corpac." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656198.
Full textAbstract:
Durante los últimos años, muchos países no presentan una cultura de mantenimiento de puentes. En Latinoamérica, especialmente en Perú, aún están en la etapa de implementación de estas nuevas metodologías en la norma, mientras que otros países presentan normativas actuales adaptadas a sus condiciones. Por este motivo, la presente tesis tiene como objetivo realizar la evaluación puentes vehiculares urbanos de concreto sobre ríos torrentosos adaptadas a las condiciones peruanas resaltando con mayor detalle los elementos estructurales más relevantes e influyentes en la seguridad. Esta investigación consta de dos etapas: una inspección a detalle según la normativa del Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones (MTC) y la aplicación de la metodología por Factor de clasificación de carga y resistencia (LRFR) del AASHTO (2011). La primera etapa se divide en dos tipos de inspecciones. En primer lugar, es una inspección inicial para la recopilación de información general de una población de diez puentes de los cuales se escogió tres puentes como muestra (Nicolás Dueñas, El Ejército y Corpac). En segundo lugar, se realizó una inspección rutinaria a los puentes de la muestra para determinar el estado de condición de los componentes. Después, a partir de la última inspección, se desarrolló la evaluación estructural de la superestructura a través de la metodología LRFR en los puentes de la muestra. Finalmente, se muestran los resultados, análisis y se plantean propuestas de mejora validadas por juicios expertos a partir de la experiencia de aplicar en el caso de estudio.During the last few years, many countries do not have a culture of bridge maintenance. In Latin America, especially in Peru, they are still in the stage of implementing these new methodologies in the standard, while other countries present in their current regulations adapted to their conditions. For this reason, the present thesis aims to carry out the evaluation of urban concrete vehicular bridges over torrential rivers adapted to Peruvian conditions, highlighting in greater detail the most relevant and influential structural elements in safety. This investigation consists of two stages: a detailed inspection according to the regulations of the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC) and the application of the methodology by Load and Resistance Classification Factor (LRFR) of the AASHTO (2011). The first stage is divided into two types of inspections. In the first place, it is an initial inspection to collect general information on a population of ten bridges, of which three bridges were chosen as a sample (Nicolás Dueñas, El Ejército and Corpac). Second, a routine inspection was performed on the sample bridges to determine the condition status of the components. Then, from the last inspection, the structural evaluation of the superstructure was developed through the LRFR methodology in the sample bridges. Finally, the results, analysis and proposals for improvements validated by expert judgments based on the experience of applying in the case study are presented.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
50
Aguiar, Júnior Paulo Rocha. "A cidade e o rio: produção do espaço urbano em Sobral - Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16212.
Full textAbstract:
ÁGUIAR JÚNIOR,Paulo Rocha. A cidade e o rio: produção do espaço urbano em Sobral - Ceará. 2005. 199 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2005Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T13:35:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_praguiarjúnior.pdf: 6251610 bytes, checksum: dceaf179dba70c4ba1c9542569fdbbdd (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes(nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-04-08T13:35:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_praguiarjúnior.pdf: 6251610 bytes, checksum: dceaf179dba70c4ba1c9542569fdbbdd (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T13:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_praguiarjúnior.pdf: 6251610 bytes, checksum: dceaf179dba70c4ba1c9542569fdbbdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
O presente trabalho analisa a dinâmica dos processos de uso e ocupação do espaço urbano de Sobral, especificamente nas áreas das margens do Rio Acaraú e demais cursos d’água, onde foram implantados, nos últimos anos, projetos de urbanização, provocando mudanças na paisagem urbana. Sobral como cidade de porte médio e centro regional de grande importância na zona norte do Estado do Ceará, vem apresentando, segundo os recenseamentos, rápido crescimento urbano. O incremento do comércio, dos serviços e da indústria atrai migrantes das áreas rurais do município e de outros municípios vizinhos, agravando os problemas sociais e ambientais urbanos. Diferentes agentes sociais atuam na produção do espaço urbano, conferindo à cidade um processo de expansão que contribui para a formação de novas centralidades. O centro histórico foi tombado pelo Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional –IPHAN, proporcionando um processo de renovação urbana, através da recuperação e preservação das edificações. A cidade de Sobral vem se destacando como um centro de fluxo de investimentos produtivos (industriais e de serviços), além do crescimento do mercado imobiliário. A presença da Universidade Vale do Acaraú –UVA e a implantação e modernização de equipamentos do setor saúde têm favorecido a ampliação de sua área de influência, levando a sua polarização além do limites do Estado. O modelo de produção do espaço urbano de Sobral é gerador de grandes impactos ambientais, haja vista a segregação socioespacial urbana e o uso inadequado dos seus recursos hídricos.