Journal articles: 'Urban rivers and harbors'

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Shih, Naai-Jung, and Yu-Huan Qiu. "Resolving the Urban Dilemma of Two Adjacent Rivers through a Dialogue between GIS and Augmented Reality (AR) of Fabrics." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 4330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174330.

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Keelung Harbor, which is the most important center of sea freight in northern Taiwan, suffers from deteriorating urban development due to limited land supply. A dilemma arose from the Asahikawa River and the Tianliao River fronts, which evolved from cultural landscapes to buried and truncated rivers. This research was aimed at resolving the urban dilemma of the two adjacent rivers through a dialogue between the physical and augmented interaction of fabrics in three scenarios: GIS to AR, AR to GIS, and both. The physical dynamics were used to trace development chronologically by the area and length assessed from historical maps of hydrogeography, architecture, and the railroad. The augmented dynamics involved AR-based simulations and comparisons in terms of skyline overlay, fabric substitution, and fabric disposition. The dynamics involved AR models made by UAV images and 3D drawings. The assessments and simulations determined the key event in Keelung history when the Asahikawa River was leveled up. The dilemma verified from the augmented dynamics facilitated comprehension of the evolvement of the physical dynamics. With the assistance of AR and GIS, we concluded that the specific instance of riverfront reconstruction was an important landmark of meta-relationship.

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Parać, Marija, Nuša Cukrov, Tomislav Bulat, and Neven Cukrov. "Microplastics assessment in the Krka river estuary surface water." Environmental engineering 9, no. 1-2 (December 20, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.9.1-2.4.

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Microplastics (MPs), commonly defined as particles less than 5 mm, are a persistent ubiquitous anthropogenic contaminant that can be found in every environment, making it a global environmental, health, and socioeconomic problem. Due to their high surface area, MPs adsorb toxic pollutants that become bioavailable to organisms upon ingestion as they are often mistaken for food leading to biomagnification (Bule et al., 2020). The sampling area represents the lower part of the Krka River Estuary and is under direct anthropogenic influence from the city of Šibenik runoff waters, nautical and communal ports, city harbor, tourism, mariculture, and fishing. Estuaries and harbors have been recognized as hotspots and transfer pathways for MPs primarily because of the vicinity of the urban environment that emits contaminants from various sources (Miller et al., 2021). The main focus of this research was to determine MPs size, shape, color, surface area, and abundance in surface water using volume-reduced samples collected by a net. Laboratory protocol included sieving, wet peroxidation (H2O2), density separation (saturated NaCl solution), sonication, and filtration. Filter papers were then visually inspected for MPs. Image processing and measurements were carried out with ImageJ/Fiji open-source software.

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Qin, Wei Rong. "Study on the Extraction of the Water Bodies from Remote Sensing Image Using ENVI Software – Applied to the River Environmental Protection in Qinzhou." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1200.

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In this study, the main water body of remote sensing image was extracted with the maximum likelihood algorithm of ENVI software based on Qinzhou's remote sensing images 2008 and 2011. From the remote sensing images, it was found that the area of the water body was greatly reduced, and also the water body has been polluted differently. In this paper, the urgent environmental protections of Qinzhou's main rivers are analyzed in view of the reduced water body, and also some suggestions on water body conservation are proposed. Overview of Qinzhou Qinzhou is located between V20°52 and 22°41 N, and 107°27 and 109°56 S. The total area of Qinzhou is about 10842.73 square kilometers. It is in the corner of the South China Sea, and is the core base of the north gulf economic region. Thus, it takes an absolute advantage in logistics. The national patriotism education bases for elementary and middle schools in Qinzhou are the former homes of two national heroes (Yongfu LIU, and Zicai FENG). In Qinzhou, there is a coastline of more than 520 kilometers, and many excellently natural harbors such as Qinzhou Port, Longmen Port, Shajing Port, and Siluo Port are available here. Also, there are abundant product advantages. The climate is hot. Many rivers and water reservoirs are available. Soil and plants are flourishing greatly. Since the new century, Qinzhou government as well as the governments of all counties greatly invest Qinzhou, carry out urban and rural clean engineering, urban infrastructure project construction, and agricultural preferential policies, and establish multi-form and multi-dimensional economic and technical cooperation with foreign and domestic companies, in which business is easy to process and the procedures are simple to handle. In 2013, the high-speed rail has brought a new era to Qinzhou. Qinzhou's advantages in climate conditions, rain conditions, and water resources Qinzhou is located in the subtropical zone and features a transitional marine monsoon climate. The overall terrain forms are mountains, hills, terraces plains, and coastal mud flats from northwest to southeast. From east to north, the main mountain is LIUWAN Mountain. From west to north, the main mountain is SHIWAN Mountain. The annual average temperature is 22°C; the absolute maximum temperature was 37.5°C (July 28, 1968), and the absolute lowest temperature was-1.8°C (January 12, 1955). The average annual rainfall is about 1600mm; the average sunshine period is about 1800 hours, and the frost-free period is more than 350 days. The solar radiation amount is 104.6~108.8 kilocalorie/cm2; the annual sunshine duration is 1633.6~1801.4 hours; the annual average temperature is 21.4°C~22°C; the annual total accumulated temperature is 7800°C~ 8200°C. The average frost-free period of previous years was 329~354 days. The water resources advantages of Qinzhou include humid temperature, abundant rain, and annual rainfall of 1600mm~1900mm. Major rivers include Qinjiang, Maolingjiang, Nanliujiang, and Dafengjiang, and the annual runoff is 11.728 billion cubic meters. The gross storage capacity of small, middle, and large reservoirs has reached 805 million cubic meters. Qinzhou's remote sensing image and the river remote sensing images of recent years The water yield of the main rivers in Qinzhou is abundant and falls greatly, so the hydropower resource is rich. The rivers in Qinzhou are small and medium-sized, own a large quantity of flow, and flow into the sea, but do not form drainage.

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Balkas, I. T., F. Juhasz, U. Yetis, and G. Tuncel. "The Izmir Bay Wastewater Management Project – Economical Considerations." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0800.

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Izmir Bay is one of the great natural areas of the Mediterranean and compares well with similar coastal areas in the world. Izmir which is the main urban area around the Bay is an important industrial, commercial and cultural focal point. It has the second biggest harbour and is the third largest city in the country. The Izmir metropolitan area has experienced rapid population increase which placed an intense pressure on the environment of the bay, housing, infrastructure and social services. The main sources of pollution in the bay are domestic and industrial effluents which account for 50% of the observed organic pollution. Rivers discharging to the Izmir Bay carry mostly industrial discharges. The main forms of pollution in the Izmir Bay are organic pollution, nutrients, pathogenic organisms and toxic material carried by rivers. Scientific evidence suggests if no pollution control measures are taken immediately pollution in the Bay will soon reach a critical level leading to the collapse in the ecosystem. With this understanding Izmir Sewerage and Stream Control Project which foresees the reestablishment of the Bay's water quality was started in 1983. The preliminary assessment of the costs and benefits of the project suggests that the benefits of the proposed pollution control system could significantly outweigh the costs of the control measures by a factor of about eight.

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Scheerlinck, Kris. "STREETSCAPE TERRITORIES AND THE CASE OF ADDIS ABABA." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 19, no. 2 (December 25, 2015): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1922015_2.

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Urban transformation is directly related to the planning, design and use of a series of urban infrastructures, from streets to highways, from pedestrian, bicycle, bus or train lines and their connecting transport hubs to rivers, canals or harbor facilities. They play an essential role in the transformation of the urban fabric. Recent societal changes, especially in developing countries, demanding higher mobility and urban interaction, influence the used planning and design strategies to transform or extend urbanized areas by planning or renewing these infrastructures. However, its relationship to the surrounding urban fabric, more specifically the collective spaces it constitutes at the level of the streetscape, is not always an initial or integral part of providing these infrastructures. In many cases, the urban fabric is wrapped around or fragmented by these infrastructural projects, causing scale contrasts and struggle to integrate within, generating processes of misappropriation or misuse. Especially in developing contexts, new infrastructures are often planned and built in a fast way, rarely considering the qualities of the existing urban fabric. During the last decades, research on planning and design models related to the building or integrating of urban infrastructures has been developed and tested via specialised disciplinary approaches to produce insights on the relationship urban infrastructures have with the surrounding urban fabric (Secchi, 2013; Hasan, et. al. 2010; Shannon and Smets, 2009; De Maulder, 2008; Hillier, 1996;). However, additional in-depth research is needed to achieve critical insights on the relationship of infrastructures and their direct environments, starting from their constituent streetscapes - considering the level of the street that defines the perception and use by the inhabitants at an intermediate scale. This paper focuses on an ongoing research project in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), where different visions and models of urban growth are at stake (Figure 1). The recent increase of (foreign) investment in major infrastructures, changes the city's streetscapes drastically. This large scale and formal approach of installing high speed trains, Light Rail Transit's (LRT) or expanded highways and ring roads, to stimulate urban growth, contrasts with the daily routines of the proper citizens that move around by walking or by means of mini buses, both adding to the informal qualities of the city's streetscapes. Within this multi-centred capital, the location of built and planned housing projects, commercial centres, administrative or commercial high rises is studied in relation to the present infrastructural axes and questions models of proximity, accessibility and permeability. Keywords: Streetscapes, High Speed Trains, LRT, Addis Ababa, Infrastructure

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Walker, Dan, Keith Michel, James C. Coleman, and Jacqueline Michel. "Oil in the Sea: Changes in the Nature of Sources and Inputs Since 1985." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-669.

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ABSTRACT The (U.S.) National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council (NRC) has completed the third in a series (spanning three decades) of comprehensive examinations of the inputs, fates, and effects of petroleum in the ocean. This most recent study, entitled Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates and Effects (NRC 2002) indicates that changes in petroleum handling practices and production techniques, as well as the introduction of double-hulled tankers, have reduced the size, frequency, and total volume of marine spills over the last decade. As suggested by earlier studies, natural seeps, land-based run off, and atmospheric deposition from marine and terrestrial sources continue to represent the majority of petroleum input to the marine environment. In addition to world-wide estimates, the report includes estimates of the total inputs to both inshore and offshore waters along 17 zones along North American. New estimates indicate that the overall amount of petroleum released to the marine environment may be lower than earlier thought (1.3 million tonnes per year [2002] versus 3.2 million tonnes per year [1985]). The overall lower estimates reflect more accurate and complete supporting information as well as real reductions attributable to advances in marine transportation and oil and gas production techniques. Spillage from vessels from 1990 to 1999 was less than one-third of the spillage during the prior decade, and, despite increased production, reductions in releases during oil and gas exploration and production have been dramatic as well. Chronic releases during consumption of petroleum, which include urban runoff, polluted rivers, and discharges from commercial and recreational marine vessels, contribute 70 percent of the anthropogenic load to the marine environment, worldwide. These releases can pose significant risks to the sensitive coastal environments where they most often occur. Insights have been made from long-term studies of sites of major spills or polluted harbors, but to a large degree the significance (in terms of environmental damage) of the large inputs from land-based sources or other chronic releases is not known. Recent studies, however, suggest that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), even in low concentrations, can have a deleterious effect on marine biota.

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Salzmann, Joshua A. T. "The Creative Destruction of the Chicago River Harbor: Spatial and Environmental Dimensions of Industrial Capitalism, 1881–1909." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 2 (June 2012): 235–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700011198.

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This essay examines the implications of rapid technological and economic change, or what economist Joseph Schumpeter called “creative destruction,” for the urban environment. Taking the Chicago River Harbor as a case study, it argues that industrial capitalism was marked by fundamental spatial and environmental contradictions that resulted in the frequent destruction and reinvention of urban landscapes. The essay shows how transformations in the Great Lakes shipping industry and the rise of the steel industry rendered Chicago River Harbor infrastructure obsolete. That obsolescence, in turn, sparked a public debate over whether the port should be retrofitted or if the river should be harnessed for different uses. So many stakeholders—streetcar companies, commuters, City Beautiful advocates, and sanitary engineers—had conflicting ideas about the use of the river that it was practically impossible to retrofit the port. The resulting decline of industrial freight traffic on the Chicago River enabled urban planner Daniel Burnham to reinvent the riverfront as a site of leisure and consumption.

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Daenport, A. J., A. M. Gurnell, and P. D. Armitage. "Classifying urban rivers." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0527.

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Classification systems have been developed over the last century as a tool to aid managers in the preservation, conservation, enhancement and management of rivers. The classification systems developed to date have been designed to differentiate between relatively unimpacted, mainly rural rivers. Urban rivers typically show poor water quality and biological diversity, and so most current classification systems tend to group urban rivers into a single “poor” category. In this paper we describe a hierarchical framework for recording information about urban rivers that allows a more sensitive description of these rivers enabling subdivision into several classes according to the purpose of the classification. The different levels in the hierarchy, the types of attributes that are to be recorded at each level, and the relational database structure for storing the data are described. The 100-500 m river stretch level in the hierarchy relates to the engineered modification of urban rivers and is the key to their classification. An example classification at this scale illustrates a link between engineering modification, bank and bed materials and the number and diversity of physical habitats present. This classification underlines the importance of adopting a hierarchy of nested spatial scales for data collection, classification and interpretation since it illustrates a clear link between characteristics at the stretch scale and at the finer habitat scale. The classification also illustrates the varied nature of urban rivers and the fact that even quite heavily engineered stretches can contain a diversity of habitat types.

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Francis, Robert A. "Positioning urban rivers within urban ecology." Urban Ecosystems 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0227-6.

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Pasternack, Gregory Brian. "Rivertown: Rethinking Urban Rivers." Journal of the American Planning Association 74, no. 3 (July 30, 2008): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944360802146220.

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Chung, Kil Woo, Alexander Sutin, Alexander Sedunov, and Michael Bruno. "DEMON Acoustic Ship Signature Measurements in an Urban Harbor." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2011 (May 24, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/952798.

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Detection, classification, and tracking of small vessels are important tasks for improving port security and the security of coastal and offshore operations. Hydroacoustic sensors can be applied for the detection of noise generated by vessels, and this noise can be used for vessel detection, classification, and tracking. This paper presents recent improvements aimed at the measurement and separation of ship DEMON (Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise) DEMON acoustic signatures in busy harbor conditions. Ship signature measurements were conducted in the Hudson River and NY Harbor. The DEMON spectra demonstrated much better temporal stability compared with the full ship spectra and were measured at distances up to 7 km. The combination of cross-correlation and methods allowed separation of the acoustic signatures of ships in busy urban environments.

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Brock, Andrea L. "Envisioning Rome’s Prehistoric River Harbor: An Interim Report from the Forum Boarium." Etruscan Studies 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/etst-2016-0001.

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AbstractFollowing a brief discussion of the literature and intellectual history of Rome’s river port, this article presents preliminary results from a mechanized coring survey of the Forum Boarium valley. Conducted in 2015, this survey produced empirical evidence on prehistoric human activity Rome’s floodplain and acquired substantial data on the paleolandscape of the region, including the shifting position of the Tiber River and the discovery of lacustrine deposits in the valley. Additionally, consideration is given to the advantages and limitations posed by the natural landscape during the origins of settlement and early urban development at Rome.

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D'Arcy, B. J., T. Rosenqvist, G. Mitchell, R. Kellagher, and S. Billett. "Restoration challenges for urban rivers." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.065.

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Urban sources account for significant quantities of important diffuse pollutants, and urban watercourses are typically badly polluted. As well as toxic metals, hydrocarbons including PAHs, and suspended matter, priority urban pollutants include faecal pathogens and nutrients. Can urban watercourses be restored by sufficient reductions in pollution loads? Case studies in the UK and Sweden provide insights and some grounds for optimism. A major trans-Atlantic review of the performance of best management practices (BMPs) is informing BMP planning. New approaches such as the maximisation of self-purification capacity in the receiving waters may also need to be developed, alongside BMPs at source. Other initiatives in Europe, USA and China, including collaborative projects, are trying to address the intractable issues such as persistent pollutants from transport and urban infrastructure. The challenge is daunting, but there are clear ways forward and future research needs are evident.

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Fent, Karl, and Judith Hunn. "ORGANOTINS IN FRESHWATER HARBORS AND RIVERS: TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, ANNUAL TRENDS AND FATE." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, no. 7 (1995): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[1123:oifhar]2.0.co;2.

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Pent, Karl, and Judith Hunn. "Organotins in freshwater harbors and rivers: Temporal distribution, annual trends and fate." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 14, no. 7 (July 1995): 1123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620140702.

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Sheng, Qiang, Wang Xu, Long Chen, Lei Wang, Yudong Wang, Yihong Liu, and Linshen Xie. "Effect of Urban River Morphology on the Structure of Macroinvertebrate Communities in a Subtropical Urban River." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 10046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610046.

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Channelization is the most common hydraulic modification of urban rivers. Here, we assessed the effects of urban river morphology on benthic communities by analyzing the characteristics of benthic communities at various sites in channelized and natural rivers of the Longgang River system in southern China. We detected four Clitellata species, five Oligochaeta species, one Polychaeta species, 10 Gastropoda genera/species, two Bivalvia genera/species, two Crustacea genera/species, and 14 Insecta genera/species. Insecta and Oligochaeta were the dominant classes in the wet and dry seasons, and Chironomus plumosus was the most dominant species. The density of Clitellata was significantly lower in channelized rivers (0–0.74 ind/m2) than in natural rivers (0.61–4.85 ind/m2). The Shannon’s diversity index was significantly lower in channelized rivers (0.66–1.04) than in natural rivers (0.83–1.28) in the wet and dry season. NH3.N was positively correlated with Shannon’s diversity index, and chemical oxygen demand and river width were negatively correlated with Shannon’s diversity index. When the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) was low (<3 mg/L), it was positively correlated with Shannon’s diversity index. Our findings indicate that river channel morphology affects benthic faunal structure and diversity, but the effects varied among seasons. Minimized channelization will prevent the loss of aquatic biodiversity in subtropical urban rivers, as will preservation of natural rivers.

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Yang, Jing Li, Hua Fu, Yao Chang Ma, and Yun Yun Yang. "Influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir Filling at 175m Scheme on Chongqing Water Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.786.

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Jialing River flows into Yangtze River at main city zone of Chongqing Municipality, evolutional mechanism of rivers near the confluence site obviously shows some estuary properties. In September 2008, the Three Gorges Reservoir experimented to fill water at 175m, thus, rivers near the Chongqing Municipality are located in the upper or middle area of fluctuating backwater region and alternatively behave as reservoirs or natural rivers. On the basis of field experimental data of the reservoir impoundment process, the properties of sediment transport of some key harbors were investigated to study the waterway characters. The results show that most of the rivers took place silting. The specific results are that, at the Jiulongpo and the Jinshaqi areas, the sediment deposition grew higher 1-2m and 1-3m, respectively, and at the Zhuerqi zone, there was a few silting. The disadvantages of long-term impoundment process of the Three Gorges Reservoir on water transportation should be further explored in time.

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Kondolf, G. Mathias, and Pedro J. Pinto. "The social connectivity of urban rivers." Geomorphology 277 (January 2017): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.028.

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Everard, Mark, and Helen L. Moggridge. "Rediscovering the value of urban rivers." Urban Ecosystems 15, no. 2 (April 19, 2011): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0174-7.

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Francis, Robert A. "Urban rivers: novel ecosystems, new challenges." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 1, no. 1 (November 26, 2013): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1007.

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Xu, Fei, Yonggang Wang, Xu Wang, Dayong Wu, and Yuanyuan Wang. "Establishment and Application of the Assessment System on Ecosystem Health for Restored Urban Rivers in North China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095619.

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The study on ecosystem health evaluation for restored urban rivers is of specific significance to improving river health and realizing the adaptive management for urban river ecosystems. Based on the health definition of restored urban rivers in North China, this study attempted to set up a system of alternative indicators on ecosystem health assessment, including water quality, water regime, aquatic organism, riparian environment, and physical morphology. Additionally, a set of health assessment system was proposed, including selection of assessment indexes and determination of assessment criteria and health classes. Taking seventeen typical restored urban rivers in Beijing as the assessment target, the said system was applied in assessing urban river health in 2016 and 2019. As the assessment results indicated, in 2016, the health statuses of 29 percent of urban rivers were ordinary, while 71 percent of urban rivers were somewhat inferior. In 2019, the health state of only one urban river reached “good” level. The health statuses of 88 percent of urban rivers were ordinary, and 6 percent were somewhat inferior in terms of comprehensive health index. In 2019, the health states of rivers improved significantly compared with that of 2016, which indicated that most urban rivers saw marked improvement in ecosystem health after ecological restoration. The health assessment system proposed in the paper not only could be applied to regular evaluation of restored urban rivers in the north but also was suitable for a contrastive health-state analysis between different years prior to or after the restoration. In order to carry out adaptive management of water ecology in urban rivers, the measures of ecological restoration could be adjusted based on the regular health assessment and health weakness analysis.

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CORRINGHAM, VIV. "Urban Song Paths: place resounding." Organised Sound 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771806000057.

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The project Urban Song Paths took a traditional musical form, the Kaluli song path from Papua, New Guinea, and translated it for a contemporary urban situation. The Two Rivers Project explored a classic song path subject, the route of a waterway, in terms of two London rivers. A sense of place, the journey and the importance of the human voice were transferred from the Kaluli song path tradition into The Two Rivers Project, but other factors were necessary to create a truly urban song path form. Notions of dislocation, true and false memory, the changing functions of place and the unconscious effects of city zones were addressed by this work.

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Lin, Xianbiao, Dengzhou Gao, Kaijun Lu, and Xiaofei Li. "Bacterial Community Shifts Driven by Nitrogen Pollution in River Sediments of a Highly Urbanized City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 3794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203794.

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Effects of nitrogen pollution on bacterial community shifts in river sediments remain barely understood. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities in sediments of urban and suburban rivers in a highly urbanized city, Shanghai. Sediment nitrate (NO3−) and ammonia (NH4+) were highly accumulated in urban river. Operation Taxonomic Units (OTUs), Abundance-based Coverage Estimators (ACEs) and Chao 1 estimator in urban rivers were slightly lower than those in suburban rivers, while Shannon and Simpson indices were higher in urban rivers than those in suburban rivers. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phylum communities, accounting for 68.5–84.9% of all communities. In particular, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Nitrospirae were significantly higher in suburban rivers than in urban rivers, while relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Spirochaetes were significantly lower in suburban rivers than in urban rivers. NH4+ was significantly and negatively correlated with abundances of Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, and Actinobacteria. Importantly, the significant and negative effects of sediment NH4+ on bacterial richness and diversity suggested that nitrogen pollution likely contribute to the decrease in the bacterial richness and diversity. The results highlight that nitrogen enrichment could drive the shifts of bacterial abundance and diversity in the urban river sediments where are strongly influenced by human activities under the rapid urbanization stress.

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Richardson, Martin, and Mikhail Soloviev. "The Urban River Syndrome: Achieving Sustainability Against a Backdrop of Accelerating Change." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 6406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126406.

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Human activities have been affecting rivers and other natural systems for millennia. Anthropogenic changes to rivers over the last few centuries led to the accelerating state of decline of coastal and estuarine regions globally. Urban rivers are parts of larger catchment ecosystems, which in turn form parts of wider nested, interconnected systems. Accurate modelling of urban rivers may not be possible because of the complex multisystem interactions operating concurrently and over different spatial and temporal scales. This paper overviews urban river syndrome, the accelerating deterioration of urban river ecology, and outlines growing conservation challenges of river restoration projects. This paper also reviews the river Thames, which is a typical urban river that suffers from growing anthropogenic effects and thus represents all urban rivers of similar type. A particular emphasis is made on ecosystem adaptation, widespread extinctions and the proliferation of non-native species in the urban Thames. This research emphasizes the need for a holistic systems approach to urban river restoration.

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Yi, Xiu Yong. "An Analysis on the Urban Flood Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.991.

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The urban flood control should be regulated according to the topography, rivers and the regional economics of the city. The regulating reservoirs will be built or rebuilt in the mountain area upstream; the flood would be drawn downstream through the diversion channel. The flood in city would be reduced. The program would to control the rivers in urban area, reduce the elevation of rivers downstream by the non-engineering measure in order to decrease the effect of the backwater. In this paper, we suggested that the program of artificial damaged embankment and the flood compensation foundation as the main measures for flood control in urban area. The safety of the urban area will be ensured by both engineering measures and non-engineering measures from the flood of the rivers.

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Hashim, Sarfraz, Yue Bo Xie, Imtiaz Hashim, and Ijaz Ahmad. "Urban River Pollution Control Based on Bacterial Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 692 (November 2014): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.127.

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Water quality problems are the main interest in current issues. Most urban rivers are polluted due to mismanagement and non existence facilities. Fenghu and Song yong Rivers faced under the same activities. The basic purpose of this paper is to provide more detail and explanation to restore the urban river with advance, reliable and affordable new technology. This research is successfully applied on these Rivers with Bacterial technology (BT). For easier and better understanding used Canadian Water quality (CWQI 1.0) model for aquatic life. The result admitted a fast recovery of highly polluted river plus supported aquatic life and clear nutrients from the rivers.

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Delile, Hugo, Duncan Keenan-Jones, Janne Blichert-Toft, Jean-Philippe Goiran, Florent Arnaud-Godet, and Francis Albarède. "Rome’s urban history inferred from Pb-contaminated waters trapped in its ancient harbor basins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 38 (August 28, 2017): 10059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706334114.

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Heavy metals from urban runoff preserved in sedimentary deposits record long-term economic and industrial development via the expansion and contraction of a city’s infrastructure. Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions measured in the sediments of the harbor of Ostia—Rome’s first harbor—show that lead pipes used in the water supply networks of Rome and Ostia were the only source of radiogenic Pb, which, in geologically young central Italy, is the hallmark of urban pollution. High-resolution geochemical, isotopic, and14C analyses of a sedimentary core from Ostia harbor have allowed us to date the commissioning of Rome’s lead pipe water distribution system to around the second century BC, considerably later than Rome’s first aqueduct built in the late fourth century BC. Even more significantly, the isotopic record of Pb pollution proves to be an unparalleled proxy for tracking the urban development of ancient Rome over more than a millennium, providing a semiquantitative record of the water system’s initial expansion, its later neglect, probably during the civil wars of the first century BC, and its peaking in extent during the relative stability of the early high Imperial period. This core record fills the gap in the system’s history before the appearance of more detailed literary and inscriptional evidence from the late first century BC onward. It also preserves evidence of the changes in the dynamics of the Tiber River that accompanied the construction of Rome’s artificial port,Portus, during the first and second centuries AD.

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Kehoe, T. "Burning Rivers: Revival of Four Urban-Industrial Rivers that Caught on Fire." Environmental History 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emr010.

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Rawson, M. "Urban Rivers: Remaking Rivers, Cities, and Space in Europe and North America." Environmental History 18, no. 3 (May 6, 2013): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emt055.

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Parrinello, Giacomo. "Urban Rivers: Remaking Rivers, Cities, and Space in Europe and North America." AAG Review of Books 2, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2325548x.2014.919149.

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Black, Brian C. "Urban Rivers: Remaking Rivers, Cities, and Space in Europe and North America." Journal of Historical Geography 41 (July 2013): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2013.04.010.

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Lan, Feng, Wang Haisen, and Yan Yan. "Spatial–Temporal Variations of Water Quality in Urban Rivers after Small Sluices Construction: A Case in Typical Regions of the Taihu Lake Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912453.

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Urban river pollution is considered a ‘necessary evil’ consequence of disproportionate developmental expansion in metropolises. Unprecedented expansion and anthropic activities lead to the deterioration of urban rivers with municipal and industrial sewage. The construction of sluices is one of the irrefutable parts of the process. In order to prevent floods and drought, many cities build sluices and dams in rivers to balance water quantity in different seasons. To explore the change characteristics of the water quality in urban rivers after the construction of sluices and dams, the change in the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations upstream and downstream of rivers was investigated under the condition of sluices closure in Wuxi. According to the results, when the sluices were closed, the pollutants of TP and TN would accumulate upstream in rivers, which caused the water quality in the upper reaches to be worse than that in the lower reaches. Specifically, the TN and TP concentrations downstream of urban rivers in Wuxi were approximately 14.42% and 13.80% lower than those upstream when the sluices were closed. Additionally, the water quality in urban rivers was usually better in summer and autumn than in the other seasons, showing obvious seasonality after the construction of the sluices. The research will provide a theoretical basis for future sluice operation and the water resources management of urban rivers.

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Pysanko, Yana, and Svitlana Madzhd. "Assessment of the ecological status of small rivers in urban areas." USEFUL online journal 2, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/useful-2-4-2018-0006.

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Rivers are important components of many urban systems, and research into urban rivers are considerable research. The object of the research is technogenically transformed aquatic ecosystem of small rivers passing through urban areas of Kyiv city. These small rivers are tributaries of the Irpin River. The study used an ecosystem-basin approach, statistical processing of data. The complex research on patterns of their development for the long-term period were made, the quality class of water and indexes characteristic were ostended.

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Rudoy, R. O., and D. A. Zayets. "Rivers, urban community and production of space." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 740, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/740/1/012011.

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35

Tanioka, Yasushi, Shoji Fukuoka, Masatoshi Taniguchi, and Yukiya Koyama. "Characteristics of Floods in Small Urban Rivers." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 586 (1998): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1998.586_1.

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Gómez, Nora, and Inés O’Farrell. "Phytoplankton from urban and suburban polluted rivers." Advances in Limnology 65 (July 7, 2014): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1612-166x/2014/0065-0038.

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Kurochkina, Valentina, Tat’yana Bogomolova, and Borislav Kirov. "ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD ON RIVERS OF URBAN AREAS." Vestnik MGSU, no. 8 (August 2016): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2016.8.100-109.

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Amahia Mallea. "Rivertown: Rethinking Urban Rivers (review)." Technology and Culture 50, no. 1 (2008): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.0.0217.

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Davenport, Angela J., Angela M. Gurnell, and Patrick D. Armitage. "Habitat survey and classification of urban rivers." River Research and Applications 20, no. 6 (October 14, 2004): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.785.

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Liu, Jialin, Fangyan Cheng, Yi Zhu, Qun Zhang, Qing Song, and Xinhong Cui. "Urban Land-Use Type Influences Summertime Water Quality in Small- and Medium-Sized Urban Rivers: A Case Study in Shanghai, China." Land 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040511.

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(1) Background: Small- and medium-sized rivers in urban areas are unique environments that serve as blue-green corridors for urban residents. The relationship between land-use types and water quality in these rivers provides important information for effectively addressing urban river restoration and pollution management. However, not much attention has been paid on these small- and medium-sized rivers, especially in large urban agglomerations with dense river networks. (2) Methods: This study undertook a field investigation on 130 sampling small- and medium-sized rivers during the late summer and applied data-driven water quality index and landscape analysis techniques to evaluate the direct impacts of riparian land-use types on the summertime water quality in Shanghai’s small- and medium-sized rivers. Riparian land-use types were derived from OpenStreetMap (OSM) datasets, including industrial, commercial, residential, and green spaces. (3) Results: Residential and green space are located closer to these sampled rivers than industrial and commercial land types, suggesting a tentative link between anthropogenic activities and water quality. Further analysis concluded that urban resident settlements, characterized by specific land-use types, DMSP-OLS nighttime lights, OSM road density, and OSM river density, strongly affected the water quality at the sub-catchment scale. We further determined the critical radii for impacts of land use types on urban rivers. Industrial types may influence water quality within a maximum radius of 5 km, followed by green space (4 km), residential areas (3 km), and commercial developments (2 km). These mathematically and statistically computed radii provide updated visions for river health assessment. For a specific land-use type, the assessed water quality index will be biased by using an assessment area with a radius higher or lower than the above-estimated radii. The study also quantified the spatial extent and transmission efficiency of non-point source pollution in a super built-up area of central Shanghai. We observed that contaminants transported by river pathways can reach a larger area than those transported by roads. (4) Conclusions: The high-quality environments in small- and medium-sized rivers are tightly linked to riparian landscape patterns. It is therefore urgent to control domestic pollutions as part of the restoration of megacity’s urban rivers and grapple with the complex challenges of risks to water supply. This study elaborates the importance of integrating land-use planning and water-quality management to maintain the functions and services of small- and medium-sized urban rivers.

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May, Peter I., Matthew Lagomarsino, and Patrick Kangas. "The green bulkhead: a vertical wetland design for urban harbors." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 8, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2021.08.00256.

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In urban harbors there is a reliance on the “gray infrastructure” of armored bulkheads along shorelines. While this form of shoreline technology provides stability and eliminates erosion, it limits shoreline biodiversity and lacks aesthetic value. In this paper, a living shoreline concept, termed the Green Bulkhead, is described and demonstrated. This is a kind of artificial vertical wetland with plants grown in a porous plastic fabric that is draped over the surface of an existing bulkhead. The system is irrigated with water that is pumped from the harbor. Several alternate designs have been tested for different medium types, planting patterns and water pumping regimes. It is proposed that the green bulkhead system can provide limited treatment wetland services in an urban setting where cost-effective water quality management options are minimal. Testing found that high percentages of sediment were retained within the matrix of the different media. The system has aesthetic benefits by “greening” the harbor environment with wetland plants and, because of its vertical orientation, it can be managed adaptively for sea level rise. This work is a report of an on-going ecological engineering project with demonstrations along the Baltimore, Maryland Inner Harbor and the Anacostia Waterfront in Washington, DC.

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Supeng, WANG, CHEN Jiwei, LIU Yiheng, LV Jiashu, and ZHANG Songhe. "Distribution characteristics of submerged plants in urban rivers and its influencing factors: A case of Ningbo urban rivers." Journal of Lake Sciences 31, no. 4 (2019): 1064–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/2019.0414.

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Li, Dian Yang, Min Zhao, Chun Chun Cong, and Yuan Cheng Cai. "Current Status Analysis and Countermeasure Research on Water Ecological Environment of Urban Rivers and Lakes in China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1455.

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The water ecosystem of urban rivers and lakes has the characteristics of regional and mobile, and it is always influenced by humanistic and social activities. Our country’s water environment condition is weak, which interacts with human activities. From the quality of water resources, water pollution, water ecological system and other aspects, this article has analyzed the current situation of urban rivers and lakes’ water ecological environment in our country. Against the existing problems, from the water environment protection and construction of urban rivers and lakes, the article has put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the water ecological environment of our country’s urban rivers and lakes.

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Shaw, Ed, Debbie Coldwell, Anthony Cox, Matt Duffy, Chris Firth, Beckie Fulton, Sue Goodship, et al. "Urban Rivers Corridors in the Don Catchment, UK: From Ignored, Ignoble and Industrial to Green, Seen and Celebrated." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147646.

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Research on urban rivers often seeks to find commonalities to advance knowledge of the effect of urbanisation on rivers, and rightly so. But it is important, also, to develop a complementary understanding of how urban rivers can be distinct, to facilitate a more nuanced view of concepts such as the ‘urban river syndrome’ and of the challenges facing those who wish to create more sustainable urban river corridors. To this end we use the Don Catchment as a case study to illustrate how historic patterns of urbanisation have been fundamental in shaping the catchment’s rivers. Following the Industrial Revolution, the catchment became an industrial centre, resulting in the ecological death of river ecosystems, and the disconnection of communities from stark urban river corridors. Widescale deindustrialisation in the 1970s and 1980s then resulted in a partial ecological recovery of the rivers, and ignited public interest. This history has imbued the catchment’s urban river corridors with a distinctive industrial character that can vary greatly between and within settlements. It has also left a legacy of particular issues, including a high degree of river habitat fragmentation and physical modification, and of negative perceptions of the rivers, which need improving to realise their potential as assets to local communities.

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Xu, Yuyao, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Matthew Johnson, Thomas Stanton, Jun He, Tian Jia, Jue Wang, et al. "Microplastic pollution in Chinese urban rivers: The influence of urban factors." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173 (October 2021): 105686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105686.

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Kim, Bo Ram, Chan Hee Lee, and Ou Bae Sim. "A Study on Urban Planning Flood Management Techniques Connected to Flood Risk: The Urban Regeneration Projects around Rivers." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 18, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.2.49.

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Since the urban regeneration project area is a declining city, it is very vulnerable to disasters. However, they do not take disaster seriously when planning or promoting the urban regeneration project. In this study, a technique that can be used as a reference for urban regeneration projects was developed with a focus on floods that occur frequently in Korea. Through research, 25 urban planning flood management techniques were developed by reflecting the characteristics of urban regeneration projects around rivers. In addition, the techniques were applied to the Usan-dong urban regeneration project and seven complementary points (creation of buffer zones around rivers, trench installations on roads, etc.) were derived. These techniques can be applied to urban regeneration projects near rivers and will be helpful in developing cities that are safe from flooding.

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Mykhailyk, Olha. "RIVER ECOSYSTEMS OF POLISYA: NATURE, CAUSES OF DEGRADATION, METHODS OF URBAN PLANNING AND LAND REGENERATION." Grail of Science, no. 12-13 (June 2, 2022): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.29.04.2022.129.

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In this article we have analyzed the current state of the ecosystems of Polesye rivers in Ukraine, the causes of their degradation. We have primarily made recommendations for urban planning and the reclamation of coastal areas of Polesye rivers in urban and suburban areas. Ukrainian rivers are classified into 3 categories: Polesye rivers, mountain rivers and rivers in river-cut valleys. In this article we analyzed the natural features of Polesye river ecosystems and the reasons and factors of their degradation. We have made some recommendations with respect to town-planning and the reclamation of coastal territories: in both urban and suburban zones.The river ecosystem is a naturally balanced formation - disturbance of the coastal area directly affects the state of the riverbed. Maintaining the natural (optimal) functioning of the river ecosystem and its catchment area helps to increase their self-cleaning capabilities and minimize the impact of extreme situations, including low-water years. Any measures for the preservation or reconstruction of the ecosystem of the river and river valley should be aimed at the reproduction of natural complexes, originally characteristic of the area and the landscape.In order to maintain, preserve, protect and restore the ecological balance, the urban organization of coastal areas of Polissya rivers in urban and suburban areas should take into account the presence of wetlands of coastal areas, the number of wetlands, small number of aquatic and air-water plants. features of Polissya river ecosystems. The dominance of the landscape direction of the urban organization of the coastal areas of Polissya will help maintain the natural balance, which is the key to maintaining the purity of Polissya rivers and the stability of coastal areas.

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Santoso, Teguh, and Agus Sutanto. "PERBEDAAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROBENTOS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BIOLOGI PENENTUAN KUALITAS AIR DI AREA PERKOTAAAN DAN DI PEDESAAAN LAMPUNG." BIOLOVA 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/biolova.v2i2.1087.

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This has not been known as a comparison of macrobentos diversity between rural and urban areas. Based on this, it is necessary to analyze the comparison of Macrobentos in the urban area with rural areas. The river which is in the analogues of urban areas is the river Way Belau (Bandar Lampung) and the river Well Putri (Bandar Lampung), while the river which is in the area of the river in the countryside is the Pasir Sakti (East Lampung) and the River Raman Pujodadi (Trimurjo). The purpose of this study is to compare the diversity of Macrobentos in urban areas with rural areap. The type of research in this article is descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the diversity of macrobentos between rivers that exist in rural areas with rivers that exist in urban areas. The rivers in the village area nudge have more macro-bentos diversity compared to existing rivers in urban areas.

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Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson, Blessing Nonye Onyima, Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, Gift Ochonogor Omovoh, Thandi Mmachaka, Blessing Odafe Omovoh, Jude Edafe Uku, Frank Chukwuzuoke Akamagwuna, and Francis Ofurum Arimoro. "Governance and Institutional Drivers of Ecological Degradation in Urban River Ecosystems: Insights from Case Studies in African Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114147.

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The degradation of rivers in urban landscapes is alarming and impaired their ecological functions and the services they provide to society. In African cities, urban rivers are among the most degraded ecosystems, yet ecologically sustainable utilisation of river resources can contribute to and support sustainable urban development. In this paper, we identify and analyse key governance and institutional drivers of ecological change in urban river systems in the Swartkops catchment in South Africa and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. Our results indicate that poor ecological conditions of rivers in the two urban landscapes can be attributed to: (1) a lack of system view of the water value chain and associated infrastructure, (2) ambiguity in roles, responsibilities, and poor accountability, (3) prioritizing short-term social–economic–political agenda over long-term environmental sustainability goals, (4) institutional silos and failure of cooperative governance, and (5) over-centralised, top-down, state-centric governance processes. Strengthening the interactions between actors in the science, policy and practice domains, mainstreaming planning with rivers in integrated urban development plans, and strengthening cooperative and polycentric governance across administrative scales are key governance and institutional processes needed to address the trajectory of urban ecological degradation. Our paper sheds light on the fundamental role of strengthening governance and institutional processes for steering urban rivers toward sustainable paths for city resilience.

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Benson, E. "Rivers as urban landscapes: renaissance of the Waterfront." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0380.

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The Lake Ontario Waterfront Trail, currently stretching 350 kilometres along the shore of Lake Ontario, Canada, links 26 communities, 184 natural areas, 161 parks and promenades, 84 marinas and yacht clubs, hundreds of historic places, fairs, museums, art galleries and festivals. The Waterfront Trail is a catalyst for a new attitude and way of thinking towards the Lake Ontario waterfront and its watersheds - one that integrates ecological health, economic vitality and a sense of community. Since it was launched in 1995, the Trail has accompanied the protection of the most valued elements of the waterfront, and the transformation of under-utilized and environmentally degraded lands to vibrant places with businesses and jobs, parks and recreational facilities, green spaces, natural habitats and cultural venues and attractions. It is through the Trail that people have been mobilized to improve the waterfront as they have rediscovered the shoreline and understood the interconnections, both natural and cultural, that are so vital to its health and vitality. The Waterfront Regeneration Trust is the not-for-profit charitable organization that has been leading this large-scale greenway initiative over the past 10 years. While much has been accomplished, there remains much to do to enhance and expand the greenway. This presentation will focus on the lessons we have learned over the past decade in our involvement with more than 100 projects and what those lessons mean for the next decade of waterfront regeneration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban rivers and harbors'

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