Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urban soils

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Urban soils'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban soils"

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Norra, Stefan, and Doris Stuben. "Urban soils." Journal of Soils and Sediments 3, no. 4 (December 2003): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02988664.

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Bochkov, A. S., N. Yu Belozubova, and V. M. Zubkova. "Standardization of Urban Soils Quality and Urban Soils Management." Contemporary problems of social work 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2016-2-4-116-124.

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Meulemans, Germain. "Urban Pedogeneses." Environmental Humanities 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-8142330.

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Abstract This article examines the rise of urban soils as a topic of scientific inquiry and ecological engineering in France, and questions how new framings of soil as a material that can be designed reconfigure relationships between urban life and soils in a context of fast-growing cities. As a counterpoint to the current situation, the article first examines how the hard-surfacing of Paris, in the nineteenth century, sought to background the vital qualities of soils in urban areas, making their absence seem perfectly stable and natural. It then shows how the new urban soil science moved away from classical descriptive approaches to soils, and set out to fabricate soils as a research experiment on anthropo-pedogenesis. In the French context, urban soil scientists soon formed new bonds with the worlds of urbanism, administration, and waste management, reframing their approach as a technical response to issues brought by sprawling cities, backgrounding soils again under a trope centered on the management of soil services. These stories allow to critically inhabit soil scientists’ claim that humans participate in pedogenesis by examining the specific conditions in which modern modes of being in the world and urban soils become entangled or disentangled in modern metropolis.
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Baxter, James W., Stewart TA Pickett, Margaret M. Carreiro, and John Dighton. "Ectomycorrhizal diversity and community structure in oak forest stands exposed to contrasting anthropogenic impacts." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 6 (October 30, 1999): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-039.

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We compared the ectomycorrhizal community structure of oak forest stands located in either an urban or a rural area. Urban stands had higher N deposition rates, soil heavy metal levels, and earthworm counts than rural stands. Ectomycorrhizal types were quantified on roots of mature oak (Quercus) in soil cores and on Quercus rubra L. seedlings grown in soil cores in the glasshouse. Twenty-six ectomycorrhizal types were distinguished on mature oak in rural soils versus 16 in urban soils. Nine ectomycorrhizal types were distinguished on Q. rubra seedlings grown in rural soils versus seven in urban soils. Despite fewer ectomycorrhizal types in urban soils, richness of ectomycorrhizal types per centimetre fine root of mature oak or Q. rubra seedlings did not differ between urban and rural soils. Ectomycorrhizal colonization (ectomycorrhizal tips/m fine root) was lower in urban than rural soil cores but higher on Q. rubra seedlings grown in urban versus rural soils. Fine root length per unit soil volume was higher in urban than rural stands. No difference in fine root length was observed between Q. rubra seedlings grown in urban and rural soils. These differences in ectomycorrhizal community structure between the urban and rural stands are likely due to anthropogenic impacts.Key words: air pollution, anthropogenic impacts, community structure, diversity, ectomycorrhiza, Quercus rubra.
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Domracheva, Lyudmila, Lyubov Kondakova, Julia Zykova, and Vitalina Efremova. "CYANOBACTERIA OF URBAN SOILS." Principles of the Ecology 8, no. 4 (December 2013): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2013.3101.

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Shaw, Richard K. "Soils in Urban Areas." Soil Science 180, no. 4/5 (2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ss.0000000000000138.

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Maslennikova, Irina L., Mihail A. Shishkin, Natal’ya P. Sherstobitova, and Marina V. Kuznetsova. "Ecological evaluation of the urban soil in Perm." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-2-116-122.

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Introduction. Representations of the impact of anthropogenesis processes on the soil’s ecological state are the basis for improvement of the environmental pollution monitoring system to make correct architectural and planning decisions. Material and methods. During 2016-2018 an environmental assessment of pollution of 214 samples of urban soils was performed. The soil analysis was carried out according to a random sample as one test site per 1 km². The concentration of heavy metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of organic compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total number of heterotrophic and gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family was determined by direct seeding on selective media. Statistical data processing was carried out using software Statistica. Results. The level of chemical contamination with water-soluble forms of heavy metals of Perm soils was assessed. The concentration of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Mn in the control samples of sandy/loamy soils was 0.09/0.15; 0.08/0.22; 0.22/0.39; 5.57/16.14; 0.02/0.01; 0.06/0.13; 0.74/3.14 mg/l, respectively. The values of the total pollution index (Zc) above 16 were recorded at 4.7% of the soil samples, which corresponds to a moderate degree of pollution. It was shown that the soil type influenced Zc (KW-H (3; 214) = 30.73; p = 0.00001) and amounted to 6.24 ± 3.72 for loamy soils; for peat - 22.42 ± 12.32; for sand - 9.23 ± 5.70; for old urban soils - 8.37 ± 4.07. The median of the heterotroph bacteria content in the soils for I (Zc: 0-4) and IV (Zc ≤ 16) groups was revealed to correspond to the categories of «poor,» II (Zc: 4-8) and III (Zc: 8-16) groups - «inferior» soil. A correlation between the content of heterotrophs and the number of bacteria E. coli was not detected. According to Zc, for each soil group, no statistical differences in phthalate content were noted. Conclusion. Environmental assessment of soils should be comprehensive, as the types of anthropogenic chemical pollution, that have varying degrees of correlations between each other, affect quantitative changes in soil microbiota, which in the future may determine the ability to maintain homeostasis in this ecosystem.
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Zhang, Weiwei, Jigang Han, Haibing Wu, Qicheng Zhong, Wen Liu, Shanwen He, and Lang Zhang. "Diversity patterns and drivers of soil microbial communities in urban and suburban park soils of Shanghai, China." PeerJ 9 (April 15, 2021): e11231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11231.

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Background The rapid expansion of urbanization leads to significant losses of soil ecological functions. Microbes directly participate in key soil processes and play crucial roles in maintaining soil functions. However, we still have a limited understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping microbial communities and the interactions among microbial taxa in park soils. Methods In this study, the community variations of bacteria and fungi in urban and suburban park soils were investigated in Shanghai, China. Real-time PCR and high-throughput Illumina sequencing were used to examine the microbial abundance and community composition, respectively. Results The results showed that soil molecular biomass and fungal abundance in urban park soils were significantly higher than those in suburban park soils, while no significant difference was observed in the bacterial abundance between urban and suburban park soils. The alpha diversity of soil microbes in urban and suburban park soils was similar to each other, except for Chao1 index of fungal communities. The results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) revealed remarkable differences in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities between urban and suburban park soils. Specifically, park soils in urban areas were enriched with the phyla Methylomirabilota and Verrucomicrobiota, while the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota was higher in suburban park soils. Moreover, the fungal class Eurotiomycetes was also enriched in urban park soils. Compared with suburban park soils, nodes and average paths of the bacterial and fungal networks were higher in urban park soils, but the number of module hubs and connectors of the bacterial networks and negative interactions among bacterial taxa were lower. Compared with suburban park soils, Acidobacteriota bacterium and Mortierellomycota fungus played more important roles in the ecological networks of urban park soils. Soil available zinc (Zn), available nitrogen (N), pH, and total potassium (K) significantly affected fungal community composition in park soils in Shanghai. Soil available Zn was also the most important factor affecting the bacterial community composition in this study. Conclusion There were significant differences in the soil molecular biomass, fungal abundance, and the community composition and co-occurrence relations of both soil bacterial and fungal communities between urban and suburban park soils. Soil available Zn played an important part in shaping the structures of both the bacterial and fungal communities in park soils in Shanghai.
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Kumar, Kuldip, and Lakhwinder S. Hundal. "Soil in the City: Sustainably Improving Urban Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 45, no. 1 (January 2016): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2015.11.0589.

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Vis, Benjamin N., Daniel L. Evans, and Elizabeth Graham. "Engagement with Urban Soils Part II: Starting Points for Sustainable Urban Planning Guidelines Derived from Maya Soil Connectivity." Land 12, no. 4 (April 15, 2023): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040891.

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Using the Precolumbian lowland Maya model of urban soil connectivity discussed in Part I, we review how soil connectivity can transition into urban planning policy and, by extension, could ultimately become codified as vantages and guidelines for urban design. In Maya agro-urban landscapes, the interspersion of open and green space with construction and paving provides edges (or interfaces) between sealed and unsealed soils at which the potential for soil connectivity manifests. These edges create an undeniable opportunity for urban planning to determine methods, guidelines, and conditions that can enhance soil connectivity. We argue that adequate attention to soils in urban sustainability goals would counteract misconceptions about the compact city paradigm and compensation for soil sealing in urban practice. Through preserving and increasing urban soil availability, proximity, and accessibility, advisory policies can stimulate shared values and everyday behaviours that reinforce the responsible and productive use of urban soils. Such urban planning can enable and encourage widespread participation in urban soil management. To promote policymaking on urban soils, we assess the importance and challenges of using urban green space as a proxy for the presence of urban soils. Our review suggests that urban green space offers high potential for use in urban planning to develop habit architectures that nurture soil-oriented pro-environmental behaviour. However, we also acknowledge the need for consistent and systematic data on urban soils that match sustainable urban development concepts to assist the effective transition of soil connectivity into urban planning codifications. Formulating adequate soil-oriented planning guidelines will require translating empirical insights into policy applications. To this end, we propose methods for enhancing our understanding and ability to monitor urban soil connectivity, including onsite surveys of land-use and bottom-up experience of soils, the mapping of the edges between sealed and unsealed soils, and using landscape ecological scales of analysis. In conclusion, we position soil care and connectivity as a primary task for urban planning and design and digest our findings and empirical vantages into concrete starting points devised as instruments to support urban planning in achieving soil codification.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban soils"

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Attanayake, Chammi. "Bioavailability of contaminants in urban soils." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17601.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Ganga M. Hettiarachchi
Urban soils may contain harmful levels of potentially toxic contaminants. These contaminants transfer to humans via two exposure pathways: direct transfer (soil-humans by soil ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation) and food chain transfer (soil-plant-humans). Soil amendments alter the speciation of the contaminants in soils and thereby modify their bioavailability. The objectives of this research were to access the plant availability of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); bioaccessibility and speciation of soil Pb, and As; and dermal absorption of soil PAHs in contaminated urban soils; and effectiveness of soil organic amendments on reducing contaminant bioavailability. Two field experiments were conducted in Kansas City, MO and Indianapolis, IN. Both sites had elevated concentrations of Pb in soils (Kansas City site: 30-380 mg kg⁻¹ and Indianapolis site: 200-700 mg kg⁻¹) . Indianapolis site’s soils also had elevated concentrations of As (40-100 mg kg⁻¹) and PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene: 1-10 mg kg⁻¹) . A control treatment (no-compost) and compost-types (leaf compost and/or composted biosolids, non-composted biosolids, mushroom compost) were used as treatments. A leafy vegetable, a fruiting vegetable and a root crop were grown for two growing seasons. The treatments were arranged in split-plot design (main plot factor: compost; sub-plot factor plant-type). An in vitro steady fluid experiment was conducted using human skins to examine the dermal transfer of soil PAHs. The concentrations of Pb, As, and PAHs in the vegetables were low, except Pb in root crops. Compost reduced the bioaccessibility of Pb, but did not change the bioaccessibility of As. Selected soil samples were analyzed for speciation of Pb using extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The predominant Pb species were Pb sorbed to Fe oxy(hydr)oxide and to organic C. Stable Pb phosphates (pyromorphite) was formed during the in vitro extraction. Dermal transfer experiments showed PAHs in the contaminated soils did not transfer through the skin. Stratum conium of the skin acted as a barrier for dermal transfer of soil PAHs. In general, the risk of food chain transfer of soil Pb, As, and PAHs were low in the studied sites and can be further reduced by compost addition. Bioaccessibility of Pb and As in urban soils were low. Dermal absorption of soil PAHs was insignificant.
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Kennette, Debra. "The bioavailability of trace metals to soil invertebrates in urban contaminated soils." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44194.pdf.

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Burgos, Hernández Tania D. "Investigating Soil Quality and Carbon Balance for Ohio State University Soils." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577141132704637.

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Cook, Nicola. "Bioavailability of trace metals in urban contaminated soils." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ44391.pdf.

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Ljung, Karin. "Metals in urban playground soils : distribution and bioaccessibility /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200681.pdf.

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Cook, Nicola. "Bioavailability of trace metals in urban contaminated soils." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34934.

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There are two main components to the research: the theoretical and the experimental. Chapter 2 contains an analysis of the state of soil quality guidelines and the scientific methods used to determine them. A number of recommendations to improve soil quality criteria for trace metals are offered including the importance of considering bioavailability and the need to use realistic conditions, trace metal sources and organisms.
A critical review of the literature dealing with predicting the availability of trace metals to plants is presented in Chapter 3. We found little agreement among hundreds of similar studies which relate plant metal uptake to the amount of metal extracted by selective chemical dissolution procedures. An extensive summary of the data shows clearly that the extraction methods are not widely applicable. Differences between individual soils, their metal retention capacities, as well as plant factors and environmental conditions contribute to the variability of the results. Alternative ways of assessing bioavailability are suggested.
The experimental component of the thesis focuses on the availability of trace metals to plants. In Chapter 4 the uptake of Cu from different soil pools was examined and the free metal ion (Cu2+) was found to be the best predictor of uptake by lettuce (Latuca sativa cv. Buttercrunch), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Barmultra) and radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Cherry Belle).
In Chapters 5 and 6 we examined the effect of low-cost in-situ treatments on the availability of metals to plants in greenhouse and field experiments. Synthetic zeolites, P amendments, organic matter and clean soil were used and their effect on the bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn evaluated. The plants for the experimental work were lettuce and perennial ryegrass. Only the clean soil treatment was consistently effective in reducing the concentration of metals in the plant. We also wanted to determine whether the trace metals in the plant tissue came from the soil or from direct deposition of pollutants on the leaf surfaces. We found little evidence that metals in plants were a result of atmospheric fallout.
A method for the accurate analysis of total metal concentrations in a range of contaminated soils including those containing oil and grease was developed (Chapter 7). For this research the trace metals of concern are Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn---all commonly found in urban/industrial soils. The proposed method using HNO3/HClO4 has several advantages over the common HNO3/H2O2 procedure. We were able to digest larger soil samples and hence the final concentration of trace metals was usually in the range for analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry or flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Fountain, Michelle T. "Biodiversity of springtails (Insecta : Collembola) in urban soils." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252195.

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Meulemans, Germain. "The lure of pedogenesis : an anthropological foray into making urban soils in contemporary France." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232635.

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This thesis is an anthropological inquiry into the emergence of urban soils as matters of concern in the worlds of soil scientists and other fields more traditionally involved with cities. Through the lens of soil-making practices, it seeks to elucidate the specificity of urban pedogenesis, including the growth of soils and the lives of the humans associated with them. City soils have typically been neglected in modern thinking about nature and urbanism. They have long been framed solely as a technical question for engineers which seemed to require no further pondering until – in the last two decades – they entered the scope of the soil sciences. This thesis draws on over thirteen months of multi-locale fieldwork conducted in Paris and Lorraine with soil scientists, gardeners and foundation builders. The research does not define a priori what should count as 'urban', 'agricultural' or 'natural' soils. Building on scholarship in anthropology, the soil sciences, science studies, and speculative philosophy, it follows how these actors learn to be affected in the material performance of different relations between people and soils. The chapters are built in counterpoint to one another, occasionally turning to narrative to complement analysis and more traditional ethnography. Each chapter pulls a different diffractive string from the mesh of urban soil matters, and follows where it leads. As ways of knowing that emerge from soil construction are described, the question of what making soils does to knowing them becomes a central thread of the thesis. In this, it looks at how soils participate in apparatuses where they become 'lures for feelings' – affective interweavings in which worlds are experienced.
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Ge, Ying. "Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in urban contaminated soils." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0028/MQ50773.pdf.

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Ge, Ying 1974. "Trace metal speciation and bioavailability in urban contaminated soils." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21555.

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Urban soils are often contaminated with trace metals and the toxicity of the metals depends, in part, on their speciation in soil solutions. The objectives of this project were to estimate the metal speciation in urban soils and to evaluate the predictability of soil metal pools on plant uptake. The chemical speciation of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was estimated by using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM). In soil solutions, Cd, Ni and Zn were present mainly as free ions when the solutions were acidic and their organic complexes were dominant as the pH was over 7.5. The other two metals mostly formed complexes with organic ligands. The activities of Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn 2+ were affected by soil pH and total soil metal burdens. All five metals were under-saturated with respect to the minerals which could potentially control the metal solubility.
Metal uptake by plants in the contaminated railway yards was generally not correlated with free, dissolved and total soil metal pools. A pot experiment demonstrated better correlations between the metal pools and the metal content in wild chicory. Multiple regression analysis showed that the metals in the leaves and roots of wild chicory could be adequately predicted by the soil total metals and soil properties such as pH and exchangeable Ca.
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Books on the topic "Urban soils"

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Lal, Rattan, and B. A. Stewart, eds. Urban Soils. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154251.

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Rate, Andrew W., ed. Urban Soils. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5.

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Craul, Phillip J. Urban soils: Applications and practices. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Meuser, Helmut. Contaminated Urban Soils. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9328-8.

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Meuser, Helmut. Contaminated Urban Soils. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Rakshit, Amitava, Subhadip Ghosh, Viacheslav Vasenev, H. Pathak, and Vishnu D. Rajput, eds. Soils in Urban Ecosystem. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8914-7.

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Schulte, Wolfgang, Dr. rer. nat., ed. Zur Biologie städtischer Böden: Beispielraum, Bonn-Bad Godesberg. Greven: Kilda-Verlag, 1989.

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Requalificação urbana, contaminação do solo e riscos à saúde: Um caso na cidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Annablume, 2007.

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Bullock, Peter, and Peter J. Gregory, eds. Soils in the Urban Environment. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444310603.

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1937-, Bullock Peter, Gregory P. J, British Society of Soil Science., and Nature Conservancy Council (Great Britain), eds. Soils in the urban environment. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban soils"

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Bridget Gleeson, Deirdre. "Soil Biological Processes in Urban Soils." In Urban Soils, 243–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5_8.

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Pouyat, Richard V., Susan D. Day, Sally Brown, Kirsten Schwarz, Richard E. Shaw, Katalin Szlavecz, Tara L. E. Trammell, and Ian D. Yesilonis. "Urban Soils." In Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions, 127–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45216-2_7.

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Adams, Clark E. "Urban Soils." In Urban Wildlife Management, 117–34. Third edition. | Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371863-4.

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Yeakley, J. Alan. "Urban Soils." In The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology, 237–47. Other titles: Handbook of urban ecology Description: Second Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506758-20.

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Rate, Andrew W. "Urban Soil Functions." In Urban Soils, 89–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5_4.

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Rate, Andrew W. "Urban Soil Physics." In Urban Soils, 121–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5_5.

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W. Rate, Andrew. "Urban Soil Remediation." In Urban Soils, 351–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87316-5_11.

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Lal, Rattan. "Urban Agriculture in the 21st Century." In Urban Soils, 1–14. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154251-1.

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Brown, Sally. "Making Soils from Urban Wastes." In Urban Soils, 215–28. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154251-10.

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Bigger, Michele. "Properties of Soils Affected by Highways." In Urban Soils, 229–60. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. | Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154251-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urban soils"

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Pitt, Robert, Janice Lantrip, and Thomas P. O'Connor. "Infiltration Through Disturbed Urban Soils." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)108.

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Hovorun, Anastasiia, and Olga Myslyuk. "ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF URBAN SOILS IN CHERKASSY." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2016.08.

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The characteristics of the soil cover of the city Cherkassy and the sources of anthropogenic changes of its acidbase properties are presented. The results of the research of soils from different functional zones of the city Cherkassy showed that its reaction is mainly alkaline. The cartographic model of experimental data was made with the program SURFER showing acid-base regime characteristics of soils in different functional zones of the city. This mapping allowed to identify the following soils: fertile (рН = 6.5–7.0) and potentially fertile (рН = 7.0–7.5), hardly suitable (рН = 7.5–8.0), moderately (рН = 8.0–8.5) and highly (рН = 8.0–8.5) toxic. It is concluded that only 60% of urban soils can be identified as fertile or potentially fertile in terms of characteristics of acid-base regime. The results of the evaluation of acid-base regime of urban soilsare correlated with the results of the previous studies of pollution of snow cover in the areas of permanent emissions and the anionic composition of soils. The analysis of the cause-effect relationships in the impact of adverse environmental factors on urban landscapes showed that the formation of acid-base regime of soils is influenced both by the natural landscape, i.e. geochemical, and anthropogenic factors.
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Pigg, Joshua, Matthew Barley, Samier Ishtayeh, Jennifer C. Latimer, and Heather Foxx. "BIOAVAILABILITY OF LEAD IN URBAN SOILS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285193.

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Freire, Maria, and Isabel Joaquina Ramos. "Agricultura em espaço urbano: dinâmicas antigas e recentes: o caso estudo da cidade de Évora." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6072.

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O objetivo da investigação é melhorar o entendimento sobre o significado da componente agrícola em espaço urbano para as sociedades e perspetivar estratégias no sentido de promover o património solo agrícola e a permanência e sustentabilidade do uso agrícola em espaço urbano. Se, no passado, a componente agrícola urbana estava intrinsecamente ligada aos domínios sociais e económicos, no presente relaciona-se ainda com os domínios ecológicos e pedagógicos. Esta presença traduz-se numa maior proximidade à natureza, como forma de procura de maior qualidade de vida urbana, combinando-se com os anteriores domínios sociais e económicos, mais pronunciados em tempo de crise. A investigação assenta nos conceitos de agricultura e de solo agrícola e aprofunda-se no conceito de paisagem global. É exemplificada com a cidade de Évora, através da análise da dinâmica de evolução urbana, associada à agricultura em espaço urbano. The aim of the research is to improve the understanding of agriculture in urban areas for societies and to outline strategies to promote agricultural soils patrimony and the maintenance and sustainability of agricultural use in urban space. If, in the past, urban agriculture was particularly linked to the social and economic domains, today it is also intensively related to the ecological and educational ones. This means a closer relation with nature, in order to achieve a better quality of urban life, simultaneously with the social and economic fields, more evident in a time of crisis. The research is based on the concepts of agriculture and agricultural soils and is deepened in the concept of global landscape. It is illustrated with the city of Évora, by the analysis of the dynamics of urban evolution associated with agriculture in urban space.
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Cidlinova, Anna. "RISK�OF�URBAN�SOILS�CONTAMINATED�BY�ARSENIC." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s16.v4024.

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Brettholle, M., S. C. Gleber, B. Mekiffer, D. Legnini, I. McNulty, S. Vogt, G. Wessolek, et al. "Spatially Resolved Sulfur Speciation in Urban Soils." In THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3625378.

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Bulimaga, Constantin, and Corina Certan. "Evaluarea impactului ecositemelor urbane asupra mediului în regiunea de dezvoltare economica Centru." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.04.

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Regardless of the fact that both urban ecosystems studied – Orhei and Telenești – have purification stations, they are still an essential source of surface water pollution. The aqueous soil extract (Telenești) has a pH value of 8 up to 9.8 due to the high content of calcium and potassium in the soil, due to the fact that the area under investigation has a specific character caused by the spread of solonetz-type soils, solonized chernozems, and salinated soils. The anthropogenic impact in urban ecosystems produces an imbalance in the ratio of spontaneous species and ruderal and ruderal-segetal species. The number of spontaneous species is the indicator of the degree of anthropization in urban ecosystems. Urban ecosystems have a major impact on the environment.
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Mantrova, M. V. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS, QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF THE MAIN GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF CERTAIN TYPES OF SOILS IN SURGUT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.704-708.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of 4 urban soils-culturosem, 2 urbanozem and undisturbed podzolic soil (control) - by physical and chemical parameters, the quantitative composition of the main groups of microorganisms and phytotoxicity. Urban soils differ from the background and from each other in terms of acidity, saturation of bases, and lead content; they lead in the number of microorganisms and have a stimulating effect on radish seeds and seedlings.
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Lacatusu, Anca-Rovena. "URBAN SOILS POLLUTED WITH HEAVY METALS AND HEALTH." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/3.2/s13.089.

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Mackowiak, Trevor, and Justin Richardson. "TRACE METAL SOURCES IN URBAN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SOILS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-353679.

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Reports on the topic "Urban soils"

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Bolivar, Ángela, Juan Roberto Paredes, María Clara Ramos, Emma Näslund-Hadley, and Gustavo Wilches-Chaux. Sustainable Cities for Smart Urban Growth. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006317.

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Once upon a time, there was a place with good soil for plants and good sources of water for wild animals. Many, many plants grew there, and many wild animals made it their home. People liked it too. In fact, so many people wanted it to be their home, they built a city. The world's big cities -that are now full of skyscrapers and wide concrete avenues, and where the only wild animals live in zoos- once looked very different. Many were farms. A few were jungles or swamps. A handful were desert oases. Even today, cities cannot be separated from the natural environment. Natural ecosystems provide the resources that cities need to develop and grow, including water, clean air, soil, food, and energy.
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Adams, J. Soil amplification in Ottawa from urban strong ground motion records. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/223220.

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Cragin, Melissa, and Marina Kogan. Soil Ecology - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Purdue University Libraries, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315014.

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Chiara Tornaghi, Chiara Tornaghi, and Michiel Dehaene Michiel Dehaene. AGROECOLOGICAL URBANISM: What is it, why we need it, and the role of UN-Habitat. Coventry University, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/cawr/2024/0001.

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Current urbanisation approaches drive climate change, soil destruction, biodiversity loss, people’s alienation from nature, and unsustainable and unhealthy diets. To achieve sustainable urbanisation we need coherent and integrated urban and agricultural policies, that radically transform how we urbanise. Agroecological urbanism is a promising model, addressing simultaneously the challenges of climate change, soil regeneration, resource conservation and sustainable farming, while developing sustainable and socially just urban habitats and livelihoods. This brief suggests ways in which UN-Habitat, whose influence is key at the rural-urban interface, can adopt and promote this approach.
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Shetterly, Benjamin. Soil Phosphorus Characterization and Vulnerability to Release in Urban Stormwater Bioretention Facilities. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6247.

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Rutledge, Annamarie, and Leslie (Leslie Alyson) Brandt. Puget Sound Region. Houghton, MI: USDA Northern Forests Climate, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054016.ch.

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As the climate changes over the 21st century, the Puget Sound region's urban forest will be impacted by changing temperatures and precipitation regimes, leading to implications for the people who depend on its ecosystem services. This report summarizes climate change projections for the Puget Sound region and provides an assessment of tree species vulnerability in the region. We used projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones to understand how tree species of interest are projected to tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted trees to stressors such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution, as well as environmental conditions such as shade, soils, and restricted rooting using "modification factors"--an adaptability scoring system for planted environments. The region has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since 1960, and the average temperature is projected to increase by 5.0°F to 8.6°F by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. Precipitation in the region has been increasing by over 0.5 inches per decade since 1960 and is projected to increase by 2.1 to 3.2 inches by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. By the end of the century, the Puget Sound region is projected to shift from hardiness zones 8-9 to zone 9 completely, and from heat zone 2 to heat zone 3 (RCP4.5) or 6 (RCP8.5), depending on the climate change scenario. Of the evaluated tree species, 27% were rated as having high adaptability, 59% were rated as having medium adaptability, and 14% were rated as having low adaptability. Given that the hardiness zone range is projected to remain within the historical (1980-2009) range, we considered both heat zones alone as well as heat and hardiness zones. Considering heat zones only, most of the assessed tree species fell into the low-moderate vulnerability category (57%), followed by low vulnerability (26%) and moderate vulnerability (17%) under both low and high climate change scenarios. The vulnerability ratings remain the same between low and high climate change scenarios because all assessed tree species are considered suitable under both sets (low and high) of heat zone projections through the end of the century. Considering both heat and hardiness zones, most of the assessed tree species fell into the moderate-high vulnerability category (34%), followed by low-moderate (25%), moderate (18%), low (14%), and high (9%). The vulnerability ratings are the same between low and high climate change scenarios because the projected hardiness zone is the same under both scenarios through the end of the century. The vulnerability of individual species is not the only factor to consider when making urban forestry decisions, and this assessment also contains species diversity and human health as additional factors. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, equity and environmental justice efforts, and long-term planning from partnerships to green infrastructure.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Наталія Вікторівна Товстоляк, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, and Іван Панасович Григорюк. Structure and Diversity of Urban Park Stands at Kryvyi Rih Ore-Mining & Metallurgical District, Central Ukraine. Podgorica, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3946.

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The present study examines the relationships between structure (floristic composition, dendrometric parameters), diversity (diversity and evenness indexes) of urban forest park stands and the ecological (soil fertility, soil moisture), environmental factors (air pollution). The study is based on the forest park stands inventory data, performed from 2012 to 2017 in Kryvyi Rih City, Central Ukraine. The floristic compositions of the urban forest park stands are poor. There are only 23 species that belong to 14 families and 12 genera. More families were represented by at least more than 2% of taxon diversity. While Ulmaceae (2 genera, 4 species–17,39 %), Fabaceae (3 genera, 2 species–17,39 %), Aсеrасеае (1 genera, 4 species–17,39 %) were the most representative families. It was established that at forest park the values of stand density varied from 490 to 660 trees*ha-1, stem heights were from 26 to 31 m, stem diameters were from 13 to 17 cm, stand basal area were from 32 to 49 m2*ha-1, stand volume were from 200 to 415 m3*ha-1. the values of relative stem heights were from 0,63 to 0,82 m*year-1, relative stem diameters were from 0,31 to 0,43 cm*year-1, relative stand basal area were from 0,80 to 1,19 m2*ha-1*year-1, relative stand volume were from 5,45 to 10,28 m3*ha-1*year-1. The varied values of the forest park stands index (Shannon-Wiener diversity index from 0,75 to 1,61, Pielou‟s evenness index from 0,53 to 0,86, Simpson‟s diversity from 0,24 to 0,60, Margalef‟s diversity index from 0,87 to 6,97) indicate the ecological instability of these woody plant communities. Current state of the urban forest park stands determined by the combined influence of ecological (soil fertility, soil moisture) and environmental factors (air pollution).
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Addessi, Andrew. Urban Impacts to Forest Productivity, Soil Quality, and Canopy Structure in Forest Park, Portland, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5769.

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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Guerra, Flávia, Alex Caldera-Ortega, Daniel Tagle Zamora, Gorka Zubicaray, Acoyani Adame, Michael Roll, and Lucas Turmena. TUC City Profile: León, Mexico. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/gjss3214.

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Economic dynamism has been maintained at the expense of rising socio-environmental issues in León, namely the deterioration of air and water quality, the overexploitation of groundwater sources, soil erosion and contamination, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, urban sprawl and inequality. These issues contribute to, and are worsened by, climate change. Climate governance in León began to materialize in the early 2010s, largely emulating the state’s legal and institutional framework. It has since progressed incrementally with each municipal administration. Nevertheless, mainstreaming of the climate agenda is hampered by several factors, including lack of effective coordination across government bodies and insufficient funding. Climate change mitigation projects implemented in León have mostly been aimed at addressing sectoral urban problems, only contributing to reducing emissions implicitly and marginally. Changing this trend requires all urban actors to explicitly integrate climate goals in their agendas and implement them collaboratively. León’s civil society has increasingly denounced social and environmental injustices associated with both public and private projects. It demands greater participation in urban decisions around topics such as air quality and transport, water, green public spaces and urban reforestation, and gender – all of which could be entry points for transformative climate action.
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