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Marengo, María Cecilia. "Urban Sprawl and spatial planning." Doctoral thesis, International Forum on Urbanism, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/1841.
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Tesis de DoctoradoEl objeto de estudio de esta investigación es hacer frente a las oportunidades y limitaciones de la planificación para orientar el crecimiento urbano hacia la equidad socio-espacial. El contexto del estudio es una capital regional (Córdoba) en un país de menor desarrollo (Argentina). La extensión física, la segregación socioeconómica y la fragmentación urbana son las principales dimensiones para entender los procesos en curso. Con base en la evidencia empírica, el objetivo final de la investigación es impartir conocimientos sobre el proceso de expansión impulsado en un contexto de enfoque más flexible para las regulaciones de crecimiento urbano.
Marengo, María Cecilia. Urban sprawl and spatial planning : facing the challenges of growing social inequity : case study : Córdoba - Argentina. The netherlans : International Forum on Urbanism, 2008
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Li, Zhaoyang. "Monitoring urban sprawl using RGB images." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9276.
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Bernhardt, Jan. "Urban Sprawl : origins and environmental consequences." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5947.
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The purpose of the present work is to provide a brief survey of the process of urban sprawl. What are its origins, how did it develop and why? Moreover, focus will be on envi-ronmental concerns in the framework of urban sprawl. The thesis concentrates on develop-ments in Europe and North America, where cities can look back on a long history of sprawl, and where processes have become very sophisticated. Based on a detailed description of the origins and history of urban sprawl in Europe and the United States, potentially sprawl-induced effects on the environment will be presented and discussed. In a further step, urban sprawl in two case studies (Stuttgart and Leipzig) will be highlighted and discussed with special focus on environ-mental effects. The purpose in doing so is basically to provide a basis and a starting point for further discussions concerning potential and actual effects of sprawl on environment con-cerns.
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Ann, Hartell. "Contextualizing Location Affordability: Urban Sprawl and Foreclosure." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6096/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2015_06.pdf.
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Location affordability is a policy concept that links housing costs with transport costs, recognizing that assessing affordability should consider the combined costs incurred by a given location choice. As a more holistic perspective on affordability than traditional thresholds of housing costs alone, location affordability opens new possibilities for applied analyses that suggest a need for stronger coordination between housing and transport sectors in policy, planning, and project development.
A range of housing and transport system configurations can result in affordable locations. For example, it may be that high housing cost burdens in densely developed urban markets can be softened by the use of low-cost transportation services, such as public transit, cycling, or walking. Intensely urban areas are usually more compatible with low-cost transport modes because distances are shorter and density concentrates people so as to make public transit feasible. Conversely, in areas where there is little pressure on land markets and development is at low densities, housing prices are usually lower. Yet such areas are inefficient and expensive to serve by public transit; at the same time, long distances between work and residential locations make walking or cycling infeasible. As a result, households rely on private automobiles for transport, which require substantial investment to purchase, maintain, and operate one or more vehicles. Between these two extremes are a variety of patterns where households¿ housing and transport costs reflect the joint configuration of the land development and transport systems in a city. This joint configuration, or urban form, creates an influential backdrop for household location decisions and affects household cost structures.
In recent decades, scholars have focused on the phenomenon of urban sprawl, broadly understood to be ex-urban, low-density development, with segregated land uses and an orientation toward automobile use. Although there is general agreement on what sprawl is, there is weak consensus on a consistent definition appropriate for use in empirical studies. This is not merely an academic problem: If research is to provide evidence on location affordability to policy- and decision-makers, a coherent and clear conceptualization of the relevant dimensions of urban form is needed to identify specific strategies that support affordability.
This paper makes two contributions to the affordability literature. First, it operationalizes location unaffordability using Census tract-level mortgage foreclosure rates during the recent housing crisis as an outcome measure. From this perspective, foreclosures are an observable effect of some combination of factors that resulted in a dwelling unit becoming unaffordable such that the homeowner defaults on a home mortgage. This is in contrast to typical methods that accept normative thresholds for affordability (i.e. 30% of household income). Second, it uses multi-dimensional measures of urban form--recently developed by Andrea Sarzynski, George Galster, and Lisa Stack (2014)-to estimate the effect of particular patterns of development on affordability. These data are combined with demographic and household cost data in a series of spatial regression models for 35 US cities that exhibited the greatest changes in their development patterns over the preceding decade (1990s).Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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趙柏齡 and Pak-ling Chiu. "Urban labyrinth: Sprawl of multi-level streets." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985701.
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Hackman, Maxwell. "Unigov: The Indianapolis Response to Urban Sprawl." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2014. http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/258.
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Unigov is one of the most significant pieces of legislation in Indianapolis and Indiana history. In the often times hostile environment of Indiana politics it is nothing short of a miracle that the leaders in the Republican Party were able to get the Unigov bill approved and have it be as successful for the city as it has been. Unigov also created a modern day political machine for the Republican Party of Indianapolis. The new city of Indianapolis under the leadership of Republican Mayors Richard Lugar and William Hudnut has earned national name recognition on the convention circuit and for hosting amateur athletics events. Over time the growth attributed to Unigov has proven to be unsustainable. Unigov has also been inefficient at solving many of the social problems the city had when it was created.
Unigov and the initial growth of the city from its consolidation were dependent on the suburban tax base that used to exist in the outer townships of Marion County. Unigov has had the effect of pushing that tax base even further out from the central business district. Many of the problems Indianapolis faces today were the same problems it faced when Unigov expanded the city. This has had the effect of building a new city on old problems. As the suburbs have expanded they now compete directly with Indianapolis for jobs, entertainment, and cultural events. The goal of this paper is to better understand the need for Unigov, how it fits into a national context, and how the city has fared over the first twenty-two years since its enactment.
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Dolney, Timothy J. "VERTUS vehicle emissions related to urban sprawl /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1182869915.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 19, 2009). Advisor: Jay Lee. Keywords: urban sprawl, vehicle emissions, air pollution, geographic information systems (GIS), home-work journey, simulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-223).
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Chiu, Pak-ling. "Urban labyrinth : Sprawl of multi-level streets /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594633x.
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Su, Qing. "Urban spatial structure and subsidized travel empirical evidence of urban sprawl." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/98714474X/04.
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Yasar, Ceren Gamze. "Politics Of Urban Sprawl: The Case Of Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612492/index.pdf.
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The main hypothesis of this thesis is that the problem of urban sprawl, as a disorder in the growth of the cities, is not a natural result of the growth of the capitalist city but a phenomenon manipulated politically. Consequently, generally a geographically problematized phenomenonthe urban sprawl is, within this work, problematized with reference to urban politics. In the searching of the politics of urban sprawl, one of the political interventions into the urban space
the master plans has utmost importance in this work. The impact of the master plans on the sprawl of the city will be analyzed. A categorization of urban sprawl is proposed in the work, on the urban geography with reference to politics of urban sprawl. After illustrating the types of urban sprawl, the politics of urban sprawl is modeled. The political interventions of State, Metropolitan Municipality, District Municipalities, Housing Development Administration, Real Estate Agents and Rural Landowners located on the periphery is included in the model and their impact on the urban geography is evaluated. Ankara will be examined as a case in the politics of urban sprawl
her unique characteristics like being the '
planned'
capital city controlled by master plans make her indispensable to study. The political interventions of the actors to the urban space of Ankara is highly visible especially considering urban sprawl in the geography of the city, yet another reason to work on.
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Chin, Nancy Ngan Gee. "Spatial analysis and the measurement of urban sprawl." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445363/.
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The thesis extends the research of the SCATTER project which evaluates the understanding of urban sprawl in Europe and examines methods for quantifying sprawl. The thesis extends this by examining the extent to which the definition and identification of sprawl is influenced by the nature of the indicators and measures used, and on the scale at which they are applied. It assesses the suitability of measures used in the US context for the polycentric pattern of European cities. Measures used in the European context have been based on land use densities - this is extended to incorporate measures based on urban form and land use patterns. The findings highlight the difficulties inherent in defining and measuring sprawl, as sprawl is a complex phenomenon with experts in the regions often unable to agree on the patterns and consequences of this type of urban growth. It is not so much a specific land use pattern or set of patterns as a manifestation of concerns which are common features of modern urban growth - regardless of urban form - and which emerge from the emphasis of interpretation and the dimensions of interest to local administrators and land use authorities. The research has identified that measures are sensitive to the spatial area used - even areas with some similarities, such as county and travel to work areas or district and urban areas do not produce consistent results. In Europe therefore measuring sprawl is also complicated by the fact that self contained subcentres set in low density rural areas may contribute to sprawl in the city centre, yet this is not identified by traditional measures of sprawl which assume that areas related to the urban centre are contiguous.
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Su, Qing. "The effect of transportation subsidies on urban sprawl." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001615.
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Powell, Ryan. "Urban sprawl in Reno-Sparks, Washoe County, Nevada." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442855.
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Kozlowski, Gabriel. "Framing dispersal : urban strategies for Mexico City's sprawl." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99247.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 402-407).
Within the framework of Mexico City's urban sprawl, this thesis investigates one specific type of territorial occupation: the urbanization of subsidized housing developments on the periphery, which accounts for 17% of the city's total urban footprint, and has generated unlivable neighborhoods. Understanding urban design as a tool to critically address Mexico City's current mode of expansion, the thesis proposes strategies to revert this process. More specifically, it develops a conceptual as well as a design solution at four scales: a project for the city; a new paradigm for the existing housing developments; an urban design intervention for three of these developments; and a set of new building typologies to replace the current housing model. This approach that engages with Mexico City's urban problems through an analysis of the periphery has been previously neglected. With this study, I hope to open a broader discussion on urban design, and the role it can play in the future of Mexico City.
by Gabriel Kozlowski.
S.M.
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Almeida, Berkley S. "A GIS Assessment of Urban Sprawl in Richmond, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33264.
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In the United States, the urban sprawl debate has closely paralleled urban growth trends over the past few decades. Many studies indicate that it is the pattern, density, and rate of new urban growth that create the appearance of sprawl. Population dynamics are often cited as a driving force behind urban sprawl. This thesis uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping and land cover change analysis, neighborhood statistics, community surveying, key-informant interviews with planners and developers, and planning documents to measure sprawl. The study area includes the jurisdictions that comprise the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) of Richmond (The City of Richmond, Chesterfield County, Hanover County, and Henrico County). Urban land cover increased by one-fourth, from approximately 559 square kilometers to approximately 746 square kilometers from 1992 to 2001. Over the nine year time period, population within The City of Richmond decreased from 203,056 in 1990 to 197,790 in 2000, while Chesterfield, Henrico, and Hanover Counties increased in population from 1990 to 2001.
Until the early part of the 20th century, cities in the United States experienced dramatic densification as industry set up shop in the city and workers flocked there in large numbers to claim jobs. As population grew and technology became more advanced, many people left rural farming areas to settle near industrialized urban core areas. This allowed the population to earn more money and with the introduction of cheap transportation in the form of the automobile, suburbanization began to take place. With more cars came the need for more roads. With more roads came more opportunities for people and employment to move away from the city into rural areas, thereby setting up communities which some refer to as sprawling developments. GIS maps suburbanization in the form of urban land cover, transportation networks, and population densities within and outside core urban areas over any given time period in order to assess trends in urban growth.
This study analyzes urban land cover data as well as interviews with local developers and planning documentation to understand development trends in Richmond from 1992 to 2001. These dates reflect the availability of National Land Cover Data (NLCD), which I reclassified in the GIS to show only those classes that represent urbanized land. I then compared the two years to show the level of urban growth over the nine year time period. Next, I analyze patterns of urban expansion by using mapping capabilities within the GIS and neighborhood statistics in order to show the density and connectivity of patches of new growth. Based on the density and connectivity of new growth areas, I classify patterns as one of three types of sprawl: linear along highways, cluster, and leapfrog. My threshold densities are; 0 to 400 30 meter pixels per square kilometer for low density, 401 to 700 for medium density, and 701 to 1200 for high density. I also interviewed local developers and planners to gauge their opinions on the issue of urban sprawl versus urban growth. Developers do not see themselves as contributors to sprawl while planners see their roles as buffers between unfettered growth and market forces. The results indicate that the Richmond MSA did experience an increase in urban land from 1992 to 2001 and that urban growth in the study area can be classified as urban sprawl with the use of GIS mapping, neighborhood statistics, and analysis of jurisdictional planning documentation coupled with interviews with developers, land owners, and local planners. The density of new development is greatest in Henrico and Chesterfield, but the pattern and character with which development has occurred in Hanover is synonymous with sprawl. Sprawl is also facilitated by inexpensive land with available infrastructure (water, sewer lines).Master of Science
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Sorensen, Andre Bryan. "Land readjustment, urban planning and urban sprawl in the Tokyo metropolitan area." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286593.
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Klovers, Maureen. "The nexus between sprawl, neighborhood effects, and urban crime." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3634.
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Chang, John. "The problematization of urban sprawl in the United States." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75526.
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This paper examines the controversy over urban sprawl in the United States. Because there is abundant descriptive literature about urban sprawl as well as numerous prescriptive “strategies” and “toolkits” to “tame” and “fight” sprawl, this paper instead examines urban sprawl as a social construction and specifically focuses on its non-problematization, the phenomenon of social groups which do not or refuse to acknowledge sprawl as a legitimate problem.
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Rong, Fang. "Impact of urban sprawl on U.S. residential energy use." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3848.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Public Affairs. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lacinová, Andrea. "Landscape related factors affecting urban sprawl in European cities." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13859.
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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - ULThis thesis aims to discuss some issues related to the actual situation of suburban sprawl in Europe and focuses on the nature and landscapes. Urbanization is a main topic in EU, since cities are still growing, economy is stabilized, although it faced some challenges during the last decade and the larger part of Europe experiences a long period of time with no war or health epidemic. People have the resources to invest in new housing and in many cases they want to fulfill their dream of a house with garden. But this vision requires a lot of space usage so cities are sometimes spontaneously expanding beyond their borders and sometimes it does not even correspond to state urban policies. Urban sprawl is also a serious issue for European nature that does not have as many space alternatives as for example the USA. There are issues with coastal habitats, landscape fragmentation and loss of natural habitats. Thus, this thesis aims to find the main drivers behind urban sprawl and issues related to them. It analyzes its political, economic or social background and deducts solutions for urban sprawl repair with the help of successful projects or experience of states/cities, that suffered from urban sprawl but managed to find a way how to keep the urban development in balance. In this thesis it is a case of Norway. In practical part of this thesis, two case studies were chosen to represent characteristic problems of urban sprawl. They are from Portugal (regional level) and Czech Republic (community level). Those two cases are analyzed independently on each other and variations of solutions are found for them
N/A
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Geshkov, Marin V. "The Effect of Land-Use Controls on Urban Sprawl." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1641.
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Chapter 1 provides a discussion of definitions, criticisms, and measurements of urban sprawl. Land-use controls are surveyed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, we present the monocentric urban model, followed by a discussion of extensions of that model to include land-use controls. Chapter 4 is a survey of previous empirical analysis of the monocentric model, while Chapters 5 and 6 present our own empirical work.
In general, our empirical results support the theoretical predictions as well as providing support for policies to control sprawl. In particular, the results support the use of maximum lot-size zoning, urban growth boundaries, and density restrictions in the form of minimum building heights, minimum square-footage limits, maximum building permits, and minimum persons per room.
The importance of this dissertation lies in the fact that it presents the first empirical analysis of the effects of land-use controls on urban sprawl. For this reason, the findings should be of interest to urban planners in their efforts to control urban sprawl. Because we test theoretical hypotheses found in the urban economics literature, the results should also be of interest to academic economists. Finally, the data on land-use controls gathered for the empirical analysis should be of importance to researchers in urban economics.
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Erickson, Leonard J. Jr. "Hybrid TND- a legitimate solution to sprawl." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23983.
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Sommer, Marvin. "Homeownership, the production of urban sprawl and an unexpected Nightingale." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22317.
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Homeownership and suburbanisation are two sides of the same coin in the context of Australia. This thesis explores the housing system that facilitates homeownership under a framework of institutional path dependence and how that has facilitated spatial patterns of suburbanization in contemporary Melbourne. Australia has been considered a homeowner society for the larger part of the 20th century. Living and owning a house on a ‘quarter acre block’ in one of its major cities is said to have been a virtue even before homeownership was in reach for the majority of the Australian population. The years after WWII enabled up to 70 per cent of the population to access homeownership tenure. In that, this thesis analyses the institutional, societal and economic configurations that enabled increased homeownership provision, but also the historical processes that further facilitated a system around a dominant tenure. Path dependency theory, developed in the field of historical institutionalism, offers an analytical toolbox to examine long-term processes. In a broad sense, path dependency refers to the continuous reproduction of institutional systems in place. The second part of this thesis examines urbanisation processes in Melbourne, under a framework of institutional and spatial change. Cities are changing environments that, although, they inhabit determinist and reinforcing spatial patterns and institutions, transition over time. By looking at historical and contemporary institutional processes, this thesis examines metropolitan strategies to consolidate the outward growth in the city of Melbourne. Under the aspect of change, current challenges to the built environment are presented. A third analysis connects the macro discussion with a case study of a local housing provider in Melbourne, that in some regards may be viewed as antithesis to the contemporary building regime in the Australian and Melbourne context. As the first in-depth path dependency analysis in the Australian context, this thesis can be viewed as a contribution to the growing body of path dependency literature with a housing focus that also combines the spatial nature of urban environments.
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Gonçalves, Alice Rauber. "Indicadores de dispersão urbana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/40404.
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As cidades vêm passando por significativas transformações, nas últimas décadas, em seus padrões de urbanização, sendo a dispersão urbana característica marcante deste processo. Surgem novas configurações, dispersas, descontínuas e de baixa densidade, distintas da tradicional cidade compacta, com evidentes implicações no desempenho urbano, embora ainda não totalmente conhecidas e estudadas. Entender os efeitos, principalmente aqueles não desejados, de certos padrões de ocupação urbana representa, hoje, grande desafio para o planejamento das cidades, sendo urgente aumentar sua compreensão a fim de melhor direcionar políticas urbanas. Diante desse cenário, desponta a necessidade de reforço na qualidade das metodologias de análise e monitoramento da expansão urbana, principalmente por meio de indicadores. Recentes estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos no intuito de quantificar aspectos relacionados à dispersão urbana, consistindo em importantes avanços no sentido de tratar o tema com maior precisão. Apresentam, no entanto, certas limitações metodológicas, principalmente no que tange à representação de certos aspectos do sistema espacial urbano, tais como configuração da rede de ruas e distribuição das atividades. Em outras palavras, boa parte dos estudos existentes não tem levado em conta a escala intra-urbana. A presente investigação se propôs a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de metodologias para avaliação da dispersão, aprofundando questões espaciais e configuracionais relacionadas ao tema, pouco exploradas até o momento. Para tanto, buscou referências na investigação sobre indicadores urbanos, especialmente nos trabalhos que vem sendo desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa Sistemas Configuracionais Urbanos da UFRGS. Dessa forma, procurou-se avançar na questão da mensuração da dispersão urbana através da introdução de sistema descritivo detalhado e indicadores sistêmicos para medir acessibilidade entre locais de residência e locais de trabalho, item chave do desempenho urbano. Os indicadores foram testados em pequenos sistemas teóricos e para o caso empírico do município de Torres. Os resultados demonstraram que o método possui potencial para utilização em estudos comparativos sobre desempenho urbano de padrões dispersos, sendo esta a principal contribuição do trabalho.Cities have undergoing through meaningful changes in their urban development patterns, in last decades. Urban sprawl can be seen as an outstanding characteristic of this process. New urban settings can be found – scattered, discontinuous and low density – different from the compact city, with obvious implications on urban performance, although not completely understood. More detailed research on this subject is needed to enable more accurate assessments about effects of sprawl on urban environment. Knowing effects, mainly undesirable effects, of certain urban patterns is, nowadays, one of major challenges to urban planning, being urgent more understanding about it in order to better address urban policies. So, there is the urgent need of strengthening the quality of analysis methodologies and monitoring of urban development, especially by means of indicators. Recent efforts have been made in order to develop methodologies for measuring sprawl, which have enabled more accurate assessments about the subject. However, they present some limitations, especially about the way certain aspects of urban systems has been described, such as configuration of streets and spatial distribution of urban activities. In other words, most of current methodologies for measuring sprawl do not consider intra urban level. The current research aimed to contribute to development of methodologies for assessment of urban sprawl, deepening spatial and configuration issues, little explored by urban sprawl researchers. The proposal consisted of using urban indicators of urban performance, especially those developed by Configurational Urban Systems research group from UFRGS. A more detailed descriptive method and systemic indicators were used in order to grasp accessibility between dwelling and job location, a key element of urban performance evaluation. The indicators were applied to small theoretical systems and also to the town of Torres case study. The results indicates that the proposed method has potential for being used in comparative studies about urban sprawl and its urban performance, and that is the main contribution of this research.
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Mendez, Michael Anthony 1977. "Latino lifestyle & the new urbanism : synergy against sprawl." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40616.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).
With characteristics differing from majority households, Latino growth is occurring at a time California is conflicted between several urban development models; a choice between developing compact cities, preserving the environment or increasing urban sprawl and slums. A central argument of this thesis is that, given their household characteristics, the growing Latino population (the future majority population group) may become a key player in the construction of more compact cities in California. This thesis demonstrates that the current views towards status quo development and assimilation ignore the opportunity to build upon Latino's propensity for compact cities and negates the possibility to accommodate growth in California in a more sustainable manner. The thesis addresses city developmental policies that pressure Latinos to assimilate to the established U.S. notion of appropriate use of spaces and commuting patterns, and how they mitigate the economic, social and environmental benefits inherent in the Latino lifestyle. Research is presented that shows Latino assimilation of conventional lifestyles or what is referred to as "Latino Sprawl", could result in detrimental consequences not just for Latinos but also the general California population. These implications imply policymakers should shift away from conventional models that perpetuate status quo results and towards policy alternatives that plan for the balance growth of regions and housing models that reflect the diversity and needs that exists within California. Therefore, "Latino New Urbanism", is presented in this thesis as a new development alternative that assesses the changing population dynamics in California and proposes a model that can increase the quality of life of all residents, reduce the amount of environmental impact, provide the home building industry a viable option to profit from the huge projected housing demand and enable local governments to accommodate growth in a more sustainable manner.
by Michael Anthony Mendez.
M.C.P.
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Cooper, Ryan M. "RE-PLACING SPRAWL: MAPPING PLACE IN AN AMERICAN SUBURB." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/6.
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In the post-World War II era land development in the United States has largely been focused on the expansion away from urban centers and out into the surrounding suburbs. While the development of suburbs began with utopian ideals of spiritual wholeness, their actual manifestation on the American landscape has been subject to harsh critiques about their long-term economic and environmental feasibility, fostering of social alienation, and general placelessness. In this thesis I address the criticism of suburbs as placeless, asking ―What are the particular practices of place-making in North American suburbs?‖ Examining interviews, cognitive map surveys, participant observation, archival materials, and geoweb activity through lenses of imageability and anticipatory action I seek to better understand how the residents of an Indianapolis suburb narrate, structure, and produce a sense of place in their own community. In doing so I argue that that suburbs force an understanding of place as both experiential and social that is beyond mere aesthetics.
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Kraus, Joshua I. "Heralding post-modelism: causes, effects and resolutions of suburban sprawl." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27691.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Gielen, Eric Madeleine Pierre. "COSTES DEL URBAN SPRAWL PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN LOCAL. EL CASO VALENCIANO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62866.
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[EN] The urbanization process developed of recent decades has supposed a change of paradigm in the urban model of the Valencian Community, happening from a model traditionally compact to other typical of the dispersed city, generating important environmental, social and economic effects.
The study of urban sprawl undoubtedly has a long tradition, especially in the United States. However, a clear and unambiguous measure of the urban dispersion does not exist and it is not easy to quantify the economic effects of urban sprawl on the current public expenditure, less so in the case of the Valencian Community. In the current economic context, the impact of urban sprawl on local public finances is one of the key factors in the decisions of local councils in urban planning. In fact, this research demonstrates that urban sprawl generates a higher unit cost of local public services, which produces a model of inefficient development from the economic perspective.
Firstly we proposed a measurement of urban sprawl using GIS techniques, allowing the characterization of the resulting urban model of Valencia at the municipal level. Secondly, we used a statistical model with data from budget areas of the municipalities to quantify the effect of urban sprawl on the Local Government expenditure variables, especially those which refer to current expenditure related to the municipal basic public services. Finally, we obtained a set of cost functions that we applied to the case of the municipalities in the Valencian Community in order to evaluate the economic effects of urban sprawl on the budget variables involved in the current expenditure of the Municipality, thus proposing a tool allowing to assess the impact of the different alternatives of growth of urban planning.[ES] El proceso urbanizador de estas últimas décadas ha supuesto un cambio de paradigma importante en el modelo urbano de la Comunidad Valenciana, pasando de un modelo tradicionalmente compacto a otro, característico de la ciudad dispersa, generando importantes efectos tanto ambientales, sociales como económicos. El estudio del urban sprawl tiene sin duda una larga tradición, sobre todo en Estados Unidos, sin embargo, no existe una medida clara y univoca de la dispersión urbana y tampoco es fácil encontrar una cuantificación de los efectos económicos de la dispersión urbana sobre el gasto corriente municipal, aplicado a la Comunidad Valenciana. Particularmente, el impacto de la ciudad dispersa en la hacienda pública local, en el contexto económico actual, es uno de los condicionantes a valorar en las decisiones de los ayuntamientos en materia de urbanismo. De hecho, con esta investigación, se demuestra que la ciudad dispersa genera un mayor coste unitario de los servicios públicos locales, lo cual produce en un modelo de desarrollo ineficiente desde el punto de vista económico. Metodológicamente, en primer lugar, se propone mediante el uso de técnicas GIS, una medición de la ciudad dispersa, permitiendo así caracterizar el modelo urbano resultante de la Comunidad Valenciana a nivel municipal. En segundo lugar, se cuantifica mediante un modelo estadístico, utilizando los datos de liquidaciones presupuestarias de los municipios, el efecto de la ciudad dispersa en las variables de gasto de la Administración Local, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a los gastos corrientes en los servicios públicos básicos municipales. Finalmente, se obtienen unas funciones de coste que, aplicadas al caso de los municipios de la Comunidad Valenciana, permite evaluar el incremento de gasto que supone la dispersión urbana en el gasto corriente municipal y plantear así una herramienta que permita evaluar el impacto de las distintas alternativas de crecimiento urbanístico de un Plan general.
[CAT] El procés urbanitzador d'aquestes últimes dècades ha suposat un canvi de paradigma important en el model urbà de la Comunitat Valenciana. S'ha passat d'un model tradicionalment compacte a un altre, característic de la ciutat dispersa, i s'han produït importants efectes tant ambientals com socials i econòmics. L'estudi de l'Urban Sprawl té, sense cap tipus de dubtes, una llarga tradició, sobretot als Estats Units. No obstant això, no existeix una mesura clara i unívoca de la dispersió urbana i tampoc és senzill trobar una quantificació dels efectes econòmics de la dispersió urbana sobre la despesa corrent municipal que s'aplique a la Comunitat Valenciana. Particularment, l'impacte en la hisenda pública local de la ciutat dispersa, en el context econòmic actual, és un dels condicionants a valorar en les decisions dels ajuntaments en matèria d'urbanisme. De fet, amb aquesta recerca, es demostra que la ciutat dispersa genera un major cost unitari dels serveis públics locals, per la qual cosa produeix un model de desenvolupament ineficient des del punt de vista econòmic. Metodològicament, en primer lloc, es proposa una medició de la ciutat dispersa, la qual permet caracteritzar el model urbà resultant en l'àmbit municipal a la Comunitat Valenciana. Aquesta medició es realitza mitjançant l'ús de les tècniques GIS. En segon lloc, es quantifica l'efecte de la ciutat dispersa en les variables de despeses de l'Administració Local, sobretot en allò referit a les despeses corrents en els serveis públics bàsics municipals. Aquesta quantificació es realitza mitjançant un model estadístic emprant les dades de les liquidacions pressupostàries del municipis. Finalment, s'obtenen unes funcions de cost que, aplicades al cas dels municipis de la Comunitat Valenciana, permeten avaluar l'increment de la despesa que suposa la dispersió urbana en la despesa corrent municipal i plantejar així una ferramenta que permeta avaluar l'impacte de les distintes alternatives de creixement urbanístic d'un Pla General.
Gielen, EMP. (2016). COSTES DEL URBAN SPRAWL PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN LOCAL. EL CASO VALENCIANO [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62866
TESIS
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Lavery, Nathan. "Urban sprawl and the split-rate property tax evidence from Pennsylvania /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3646.
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Ståhle, Alexander. "Compact sprawl : Exploring public open space and contradictions in urban density." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9193.
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Twentieth century urbanization has left a tremendous footprint on the globe. It is generally speaking a spread out fragmented suburban and exurban landscape continuously growing according to what has been called sprawl-like development, increasing energy and automobile dependency, challenging urban sustainability. Recently urban growth has also turned inwards because of economic and political change. Thus one of the main challenges for future urban design will be to ‘compact sprawl’. This thesis, set in the field of urban morphology, explores the spatial conditions for suburban densification by looking at administrative and user-related measures of density, public open space, and pedestrian accessibility. If we consider useful open space, it would not decrease density, but rather increase spatial compactness. So would also a well-connected street network, if we consider accessibility as part of density. The thesis’ first four papers explore new measures that contradict ordinary notions of density and the last three papers examine densification scenarios on different urban scales in collaboration with urban planners in practice. The paper Place syntax explores a possibility to combine the space syntax description of cognitive accessibility, axial line distance, with place attraction into a combined attraction-accessibility analysis model. Empirical investigation shows that place syntax analysis captures pedestrian movement and can be used for new types of location density analyses. Sociotope mapping describes the theoretical body of a new urban planning tool called the “sociotope map” (sociotopkarta) developed in Stockholm planning practice. The map emphasizes that the same public open space can have different direct use values for different people and thereby assesses qualitative open space area. Exploring Ambiterritory investigates the notion of (sub)urban no-man’s-land. Densification most often means increased open space use, which naturally leads to an increase of potential conflicting territorial interests. However, the reduction of vague user space and unclear legal territories by densification can increase the size of useful open space. More green space in a denser city investigates whether little public green space means low accessibility. User questionnaires and GIS-analyses in ten city districts in Stockholm correlate and show that it is possible to have more accessible green space in a denser city. Strategic exurban landscape densification investigates different municipal location strategies and development rates in the municipality of Kungälv. Results show that location strategies create the biggest landscape impact and not development rates. Greening metropolitan growth analyzes the density landscape in Stockholm county region and finds some correlations with health and socioeconomic variables. Growth scenarios in the regional plan for 2030 show decreasing compactness and spaciousness in inner suburbia. Compact sprawl experiments use the measures developed in the former papers on four densification scenarios in two suburbs in Stockholm. The results show how it is possible to efficiently compact modernist sprawl, particularly the inner suburbs. It is likely that we will be more dependent on walking, bicycling, and public transportation in the future. Street networks and public open spaces are then key issues today just as they were at the end of the nineteenthcentury, creating compact, sustainable, liveable, equitable, and more competitive cities. In fact, many compact urban cores such as in Stockholm, London, and Manhattan have through the 20th century persistently stood up to the competition against more sprawling cities. The thesis shows that compacting inner suburbia seems to be the new frontier many cities and planners are facing. In fact, this is a vast unexplored field that needs further attention in urban studies and urban morphology in particular.QC 20100913
Stadsform och hållbar utveckling
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Schemionek, Christoph. "New urbanism in US-amerikanischen Stadtregionen ein effektives Planungskonzept gegen urban sprawl? /." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978844017.
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Styers, Diane Marie Chappelka Arthur H. "Urban sprawl and atmospheric pollution effects on forests in the Georgia Piedmont." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Sciences/Dissertation/Styers_Diane_43.pdf.
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Prevendar, Nathaniel J. (Nathaniel Joseph). "Form in the [middle]-ground : urban/suburban sprawl in Georgia & Tennessee." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65744.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-182).
Over the next quarter century the U.S. population will expand by 25 percent, an unprecedented steep and rapid increase that has already begun. The urban and suburban land area has been expanding to create a sprawling landscape of housing developments, shopping centers, and industrial parks. Sprawl has created a sense of disorientation as the spatial growth has blurred the boundaries between the rural landscape and urban/suburban cities and towns, leading to the creation of amorphous regions. This disorientation and the rapid increase in population are generating undesirable environmental consequences. This thesis proposes a new way of approaching the development of cities and towns so as to create clearly defined communities within the amorphous sprawl of development that is consuming the landscape and resources. I proposed the middle-ground, a term I use to suggest a place found between the rural and suburban/urban boundaries as a new landscape for development. Using U.S. Census data, GIS information, site visit and interviews I assess the impact of growth and sprawl in the Interstate 75 corridor region between Atlanta Georgia and Chattanooga Tennessee. I offer a new direction in smart growth in the design of a new town located between the sprawl of Chattanooga, Tennessee and Dalton, Georgia, to house 100,000 residents. In addition, I propose a new train station as a central transportation link between the Chattanooga and Atlanta airports as a means of creating a well-defined, well-populated node that is a counterpoint to those regions with blurred boundaries.
by Nathaniel J. Prevendar.
S.M.
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Hailu, Yohannes G. "Growth equilibrium modeling of urban sprawl on agricultural lands in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2726.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 111 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-111).
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Fina, Mark H. "Urban Spatial Structure and Household Travel Time." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11272.
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The sprawl of U.S. cities has attracted criticism from many sources in recent years. Among the greatest of the cited harms of sprawl is the alleged travel time burden that it imposes on its residents. Previous research has tested the relationship between the sprawl of business activity and travel times by examining only its effects on commuting times and has concluded that people do not choosing housing and work locations to minimize commutes. This research takes a more comprehensive approach by analyzing the relationship between household travel times and sprawl by testing the relationship between access to economic centers and daily household travel time. The relatively minor increase in household travel times with decrease in access to economic centers found by the analysis shows that people logically reduce trips to centers when choosing housing locations with less access to centers. The ability of people to make these reductions in travel is clearly increased by the dispersal of activity from the central business district and other centers. Comparison of predicted household travel times with an estimated rent gradient show that the increase in housing prices with improved access to subcenters is far less than would be expected given the predicted household travel times, contradicting the relationship between household travel time and housing prices embodied in central place theory and its limited polycentric extensions. An analysis of joined trips suggests that households with less access to economic centers used joined trips, in which multiple destinations are visited on a single trip from the home, to reduce household travel. All of the results suggest that auto use enables households throughout the metropolitan area to reduce travel time. The car has greater flexibility and speed than other modes, particularly in areas of lower density. The travel time savings and flexibility that are provided by the dispersal of economic activity have allowed people to choosing housing that they prefer at lower prices with little added transportation cost. Given these benefits we should carefully consider the manner and method we choose to reduce any negative externalities of sprawl and auto use.Ph. D.
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Polidoro, Maurício. "Conurbação e dispersão em aglomerações urbanas: desafios ao planejamento." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4318.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-10Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Brazilian cities have gone through numerous setbacks in the last decades to house the bulk of the population is concentrated in these areas in search of a possible improvement in quality of life and economic opportunities. The unpreparedness of the municipalities to add all of this population is reflected directly in the environmental and social inequalities, the main characteristics of the cities. Those who concentrate the majority of the population - mostly urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas - are often those with the most obvious impacts and inequalities, with inadequate planning and management policies or the weak socioeconomic and environmental development. It is increasingly and evident the constant attempts of urban planners in creating mechanisms to control the use and occupation but, however effective they may be those regions with higher population density and strong traces of agglomeration and conurbation, usually do not develop mechanisms integrated planning of land use. In this sense, this proposal aims, through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the temporal process of formation of the urban area of Londrina (Paraná, Brazil) and evaluate, through development of subdivisions, zoning, provision of infrastructure and other relevant data how the inter-municipal relationships occurs and demonstrate that the lack of integration between the municipalities in the constitution of the instruments of control over the use and occupation of land can cause numerous impacts on the metropolitan and urban areas and as a consequence many difficulties for planning city.
As cidades brasileiras têm percorrido inúmeros percalços nas últimas décadas para abrigar a grande massa de população que se concentra nesses espaços em busca de uma possível melhoria na qualidade de vida e oportunidades econômicas. O despreparo das Prefeituras para agregar toda essa população tem refletido em impactos ambientais e desigualdades sociais, principais características destas localidades. Aquelas que concentram a maior parte da população - áreas e aglomerados urbanos e metropolitanos - são comumente as que apresentam os impactos e desigualdades mais evidentes, seja pelo planejamento e gestão inadequados ou pelas fracas políticas de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental. São cada vez mais evidentes as constantes tentativas de planejadores urbanos em criar mecanismos de controle do uso e ocupação do solo, porém, por mais eficazes que possam ser aquelas regiões com maior concentração populacional e fortes traços de aglomeração e conurbação, geralmente, não desenvolvem mecanismos integradores de planejamento do uso do solo. Neste sentido, a presente proposta objetiva, com o uso dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), analisar o processo temporal de constituição do aglomerado urbano de Londrina (Paraná, Brasil) e avaliar, através da evolução de loteamentos, do zoneamento, disposição de infraestrutura e outros dados pertinentes como as relações intermunicipais ocorrem e demonstrar que a falta de integração entre os municípios na constituição dos instrumentos do controle do uso e ocupação do solo podem provocar inúmeros impactos para os aglomerados urbanos e metropolitanos e como consequência inúmeras dificuldades para o planejamento urbano.
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Morgan, Amy. "Re-thinking American Suburbs: Addressing Suburban Sprawl through Transit-oriented Development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554373519100385.
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Sass, Karina Simone. "Two essays on urban sprawl and the provision of public goods by local governments." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47501.
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Texto em inglêsOrientador : Prof. Dr. Alexandre Alves Porsse
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa : Curitiba, 26/03/2017
Inclui referências : f. 48-50
Resumo: Esta dissertação é composta por dois ensaios sobre o fenômeno urban sprawl nas cidades brasileiras. O primeiro ensaio tem como objetivo investigar o fenômeno urban sprawl em grandes e médias cidades no Brasil. A investigação emprega dois índices para medir o urban sprawl, o coeficiente de variação e o índice gravitacional. Para avaliar a relação entre desigualdade de renda e pobreza e urban sprawl, o índice gravitacional é calculado com base em dados da população geral classificada em três classes de renda. Os resultados revelam que o urban sprawl é um fenômeno comum nas maiores cidades do Brasil e afeta principalmente as pessoas com maior vulnerabilidade social. O segundo ensaio examina os efeitos do urban sprawl sobre o custo da prestação de serviços públicos nas cidades brasileiras. A análise se baseia nas cidades pertencentes a médias e altas concentrações urbanas e utiliza modelos econométricos espaciais para avaliar o gasto municipal agregado e nove itens de gastos municipais desagregados (administração, saneamento básico, cultura, gestão ambiental, habitação, polícia local, assistência social, esportes e lazer e infraestrutura urbana). Os resultados fornecem evidências de que a expansão urbana afeta positivamente o custo per capita de prestação de serviços públicos locais de cidades de alta concentração urbana. Palavras-chave: Urban sprawl. Brasil. Finanças públicas municipais.
Abstarct: This dissertation consists of two essays about the phenomenon of urban sprawl in Brazilian cities. The first essay aims to investigate the phenomenon of urban sprawl in big and medium cities in Brazil. The investigation employs two indexes to measure urban sprawl, the coefficient of variation and the gravitational index. In order to evaluate the relation between income inequality and poverty and urban sprawl, the gravitational index is calculated by using data from the overall population classified into three income classes. The results reveal that urban sprawl is a common phenomenon in the biggest cities in Brazil and it affects mainly the more disadvantaged people. The second essay examines the effects of urban sprawl on the cost of providing public services in Brazilian cities. The analysis is based on the cities belonging to medium and high urban concentrations and uses spatial econometric models do evaluate one aggregate and nine disaggregate items of local spending (administration, basic sanitation, culture, environmental management, housing, local police, social assistance, sports and leisure, and urban infrastructure). The results provide evidences that the urban sprawl positively affects the per capita cost of provision of local public services of cities from high urban concentration. Key-words: Urban sprawl. Brazil. Local public finance.
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Berglind, Fanny. "Urban sprawl eller Smart Growth? : En studie av de amerikanska städernas framtida utformning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315360.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera begreppen urban sprawl och Smart Growth utifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, samt att undersöka vad dessa begrepp innebär för utvecklingen av den amerikanska stadsplaneringen också för de amerikanska städernas utformning. Urban sprawl innebär en utglesning av städer, något som i stor utsträckning har skett i USA sedan bilismens ökade framfart under 1950-talet. Smart Growth är ett ideal som förespråkar motsatsen till sprawl, det vill säga tätare städer där bilens roll blir mindre och mer utrymme ges åt gångare och cyklister. För idealet finns tio stycken principer som ska göra Smart Growth till verklighet. Utifrån dessa principer har jag - med hjälp av en kvalitativ textanalys - undersökt översiktsplaner från fem stycken amerikanska städer. Målet med analysen var att se i vilken utsträckning Smart Growth redovisades inom den amerikanska stadsplaneringen. Resultatet visade att principerna för Smart Growth presenterades i bred utsträckning i fyra av dem fem undersökta planerna. Detta för att det finns goda skäl att tro att den amerikanska stadsplaneringen kommer att sträva mot en tätare stadsbild. Trots detta är det inte säkert att urban sprawl kommer att försvinna. Slutsatsen är således att både urban sprawl och Smart Growth förmodligen kommer att karaktärisera den amerikanska stadsplaneringen under de kommande decennierna.
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Stevenazzi, S. "TIME-DEPENDENT METHODS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF URBAN SPRAWL ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/359710.
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As groundwater resources are becoming more vulnerable due to the increasing number of contamination sources in developed and developing countries (such as urbanization and agricultural activities), practical actions, strategies and solutions to protect the resource are widely required. The most efficient tool, which helps supporting land use development, while protecting groundwater from contamination, is represented by groundwater vulnerability assessment. European Directives require member states, for the protection of groundwater quality, to assess the current groundwater quality status, detect changes or trends in groundwater quality, assess the threat of deterioration and predict future changes in groundwater quality. In order to cope with the EU requirements, this study focuses on the development of a time-dependent approach, which could take into account both the current groundwater quality status and its changes, assessing groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination in the Po Plain area of Lombardy Region, through a Bayesian spatial statistical method (Weights of Evidence). In addition, an innovative dataset to delineate urban areas with satellite scatterometer data (QuikSCAT-DSM) is explored. To evaluate its reliability in groundwater vulnerability assessments, QuikSCAT-DSM dataset is compared with population density and land use derived from aerial images. Results showed that: a) urbanization prevails on agricultural activities in causing the degradation of groundwater quality; b) QuikSCAT-DSM data is a reliable variable to represent urban nitrate sources, with the advantages of a worldwide coverage, a continuous data collection and an adequate resolution; c) the time-dependent approach allows to identify areas both affected by nitrate contamination and characterized by an upward concentration trend of contamination; d) the time-dependent approach allows to determine what could happen to groundwater resources if land use policies are maintained or new ones will be proposed and/or if natural factors are changing under climatic or anthropogenic stresses.
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Mattsson, Robin. "Strategier mot urban sprawl i svenska städer : En fallstudie av åtta svenska kommuners arbete." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16645.
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Urban sprawl är ett problem i hela världen. Ekonomi, hälsa, miljö och jordbruksmark är några saker som stadsutbredningen har effekter på (Habibi, 2011). I USA började problemen med urban sprawl efter andra världskriget när möjligheter till billiga bolån skapades. Detta gjorde att fler människor hade möjlighet att flytta till enfamiljshus i förorterna och användandet av bil som transportmedel ökade (Duany, 2010). Stadsutbredningen i Sverige startade efter andra världskriget då bilismen ökade även här. Den svenska trafikplaneringen var influerade av den nordamerikanska planeringsmodellen med resultatet att boendetätheten minskade med upp emot en tredjedel (Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen, 2006). Det finns en hel del metoder för att motarbeta och kontrollera stadsutbredningen. Exempel på metoder är förtätning och sätt att reducera och kontrollera trafik (Habibi, 2011) samt mer djupgående strategier som urban growth boundaries och green belts (Gennaoi et al, 2009). Eftersom det finns väldigt lite information om urban sprawl i Sverige, så handlar detta arbete om att göra en fallstudie för att undersöka hur åtta svenska kommuner arbetar med att kontrollera och motverka urban sprawl. Dessa kommuner är Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Uppsala, Västerås, Örebro, Linköping och Helsingborg. Kommunernas översiktsplaner har studerats med målet att påvisa fyra metoder för att motverka urban sprawl som identifieras av Habibi (2011). Sverige är och har varit påverkat av urban sprawl (Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen, 2006). Undersökningen av översiktsplanerna i de svenska kommunerna visar också att alla arbetar mot en hållbar utveckling av sin stad genom förtätning och utbyggnad av kollektivtrafiken. Kommunerna använder sig av generella metoder som förtätning och kontroll av trafik men använder sig inte av några mer specifika och mer djupgående metoder som urban growth boundaries och green belts. Detta kan bero på flera saker, bland annat att de mer djupgående metoderna inte nämns av kommunerna i deras översiktsplaner utan istället kanske finns med i detaljplanerna.
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Moldenke, Kelsey G. (Kelsey Galen) 1975. "Importing growth management strategies to curb urban sprawl in the Pearl River Delta, China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68800.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-89).
As China has opened its doors to capital from the West, especially Hong Kong, during the past twenty years, problems not encountered under the strictly socialist system have appeared in regard to land use in the Pearl River Delta area of Guangdong province. Urban sprawl with uncoordinated land uses has sprouted around Guangzhou, as well as other smaller cities. This urban development has occurred mostly at the expense of agricultural lands in the Delta. Estimates have been made claiming that one third of the Delta's agricultural land has been. encroached upon. Preservation of agricultural land is a stated goal of the Chinese central government for reasons of food security. With the population forecast to double by 2020 and the distinct possibility of increased motorization, the threat of sprawl and severe degradation of agricultural land is great. Other places have encountered similar issues as cities have grown in market economies. This thesis explores the experiences of American jurisdictions with the growth management strategies of urban growth boundaries and concurrency to observe which aspects of these growth management strategies have worked well and whether any can be applied to the Pearl River Delta context. Additionally, it explores which liabilities of the programs might be successful in the different context and what institutional barriers exist to creating programs similar to these in China. This thesis also explores where in the PRD a growth management program might be successful and locations in the Delta where such programs should not be attempted.
by Kelsey G. Moldenke.
M.C.P.
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Santos, Carlos Eduardo de Santana. "A expansão urbana sobre os remansecentes florestais situados no entorno da Avenida Luis Viana Filho, Salvador - Bahia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9706.
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Com o acelerado processo de expansão urbana, o conjunto da vegetação natural contido nas grandes cidades vem sofrendo, a cada ano, significativas reduções. Em Salvador, os remanescentes de vegetação natural foram drasticamente reduzidos e em algumas áreas do município a floresta urbana é completamente ausente. Atualmente a maior parte destas se encontra em áreas da cidade protegida pelo poder público. A área de estudo abriga um dos últimos remanescentes florestais de grande porte em propriedade particular no município de Salvador. Inserida entre as regiões Administrativas de Itapuã (RA X) e Pau da Lima (RA XIII) é recortada transversalmente por uma das mais importantes avenidas de Salvador, a Av. Luis Viana Filho. Sofre intensa pressão por ocupação, tanto por parte de movimentos populares, quanto por pelo capital imobiliário. É neste cenário que o presente trabalho objetiva mensurar os impactos da expansão urbana frente aos remanescentes florestais, nos períodos de 1989 – 2002 – 2006. O programa de geoprocessamento ArcView versão 3.3 foi escolhido para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Fotos aéreas da área de estudo foram digitalizadas e georreferenciadas para posterior composição de um fotomosaico. O programa de geoprocessamento permitiu a delimitação de ilhas de vegetação sobre as fotos digitalizadas. Esta operação foi feita para todos os mosaicos de imagem nos períodos estudados. Para uma melhor classificação dos fragmentos e uma análise mais detalhada do objeto de estudo foi realizada uma subdivisão da área estudada. Assim, foram criadas as sub-áreas Nordeste, Noroeste e Sul. Uma vez encerrada a fotointerpretação, as feições foram classificadas e conferidas nos três períodos estudados. Os dados referentes à área e à classificação das tipologias foram sistematizados em um banco de dados para posterior análise. Por fim, os mapas resultantes da classificação foram elaborados, de forma a auxiliar na análise da evolução urbana nos períodos pré-estabelecidos. O cenário atual da área de estudo é de constante transformação, onde tem ocorrido uma rápida conversão dos remanescentes florestais e áreas úmidas para ambiente construído. Em 17 anos, a área urbanizada contida na poligonal em estudo aumentou em 12,42 % no período compreendido entre os anos de 1989 a 2006, ao passo que as áreas de remanescentes florestais recuaram 11,41 %. Em termos absolutos, no intervalo temporal total (1989 a 2002) foram perdidos 247 hectares de floresta ombrófila densa, dos quais 115 hectares em estágio médio e 132 hectares em estágio inicial. Na totalidade do intervalo temporal avaliado, a tipologia que apresentou maior retração na área estudada foi a floresta Ombrófila em Estágio inicial, com uma taxa de decréscimo de 7,8 hectares ao ano (ha/ano).
Salvador
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Leyva, Andrew. "Implementing Sustainable Design: A Case for Mixed Use Development." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621604.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone ProjectThe era of Urban Sprawl created a wave of single family residences moving farther and farther away from city centers. This also caused a series of unintended problems that affect our own health and the health of our natural environment. This paper seeks to find the most effective methods of implementing sustainable, mixed use development in our existing communities, as well as any mistakes that should be avoided in the process. This paper will examine successes and failures of previously implemented designs in order to inform and make recommendations for future designs and developments. The aim of this study is to identify factors that contribute to the success of a mixed use development and also encompass all aspects of sustainability.
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Markarian, Molly E. (Molly Elizabeth). "Flushing sprawl down the drain : is TIF an option for Vermont growth center wastewater projects?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39946.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98).
In keeping with a long history of striving to preserve its traditional settlement pattern and promote smart growth, Vermont's most recent growth management policies encourage municipalities to plan for and accommodate development in dense, mixed-use growth centers. However, concentrating development in this manner requires a level of wastewater treatment capacity that is absent in a majority of Vermont municipalities and in nearly half of Vermont's existing designated village centers. It is certainly true that wastewater treatment capacity is neither the only nor the most critical barrier to implementing the growth center concept in Vermont. Nonetheless, it is an obstacle that Vermont must address if it wishes to see its smart growth goals fulfilled statewide, including in unsewered towns that are experiencing development pressure and need to increase their wastewater treatment capacity to accommodate such development in their growth centers. The State is currently developing a publication and trainings to educate local decision-makers about wastewater treatment problems and the range of possible conventional and alternative solutions.
(cont.) This outreach effort will definitely help unsewered towns to better understand their wastewater treatment needs and to find the most innovative and economical wastewater management solutions for their given situation. However, sufficiently addressing the wastewater barrier to smart growth in Vermont also necessitates tackling some of the difficulties inherent in financing these types of projects. Therefore, this thesis has attempted to spark a discussion in Vermont about the financing side of this planning dilemma by providing its readers with a better understanding of the funding realities of small community wastewater projects, as well as the revenue-generating mechanism known as tax increment financing (TIF), which has been proposed in Vermont as one way to help towns fund their growth center wastewater infrastructure projects. The research from this thesis indicates that although using TIF is plausible in theory in this context, employing TIF seems to be neither practical nor suitable for growth center wastewater projects in unsewered towns. However, the TIF concept can still be applied at the local level for these types of projects using routine municipal tax revenue. In addition, this thesis suggests several ways the State can assist unsewered municipalities in addressing the challenges they face in financing their growth center wastewater projects.
by Molly E. Markarian.
M.C.P.
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Hart, Wade A. "Compact Urban Dwellings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337352365.
Full text
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Yu, Mengya, and 郁梦雅. "To analyze urban sprawl using remote sensing : a case study of London, Ontario, Canada." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195105.
Full textAbstract:
Urban growth is one type of urban development. Many Canadian cities have dramatically evolved over the past twenty years. Along with the rapid growth of urban region, urban sprawl has become one of the most significant issues challenging most cities. Remote sensing techniques are frequently used to analyse urban growth and sprawl. In this study, three temporal satellite images, which were taken at 1990, 2000, 2010 respectively, are classified using software ENVI to determine the urban extent and growth pattern of the city of London, Ontario, Canada. Statistical models including Shannon‘s entropy and Pearson‘s chi-square are applied to calculate the degree of sprawl and degree of freedom of London. Moreover, the overall degree of goodness of the urban growth is calculated as a promotion of the former two statistic models towards the analysis of urban growth. The results shows London is sprawled in the past 20 years (from 1990 to 2010) with a decreasing degree of freedom and a moderate degree of goodness of urban growth. Apart from mathematical analysis, policies that have been implemented since 1990s to curb urban sprawl in London are reviewed. Key factors that impact the urban growth pattern of London are identified through reviewing. It is found that 1993‘s annexation, the creation of Urban Growth Boundary and changed political intentions are the main factors. By analyze these factors, it also help to explain the results derived from mathematical models. Brownfield redevelopment, residential intensification, smart moves are regarded as the most important strategies to deal with urban sprawl carried out by London‘s local government. It also witnesses a great impact of policies initiated by the province on a mid-sized municipality such as London. It is argued that municipalities gain only limited political autonomy and administrative capacity. Recommendations are addressed specifically for the related strategies for further promotions.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Wen, Wen, and 文雯. "Urban fragmentation under the sprawl of gated communities : taking Wuhan as a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206584.
Full textAbstract:
In contemporary society with housing construction in full swing, ‘Gated Community’ has become a new phenomenon that soundlessly changing the way people lives. ‘Gated’ means ‘safe’ and ‘private’, but it is also associated with ‘segregation’ and ‘differentiation’. This contradictory concept has rich connotations that are concerning not only physical space and urban structure but also social stability and economical fairness, etc.
To have better understanding of Gated Communities and their impacts, the dissertation has taken Wuhan, one of the famous metropolises in China, as an illustration. Through observing the quality of physical environment (size and scale, boundary form and environment, road system, public facilities, and open space), analyzing the relationship between public space and private sector, and evaluating process of property development and management, we learnt that huge-sized GCs led incompleteness of urban branch road system, making urban structure fragmented, and income-based segregation contributed to many social problems as well as unreasonable allocation of public faculties, etc. Based on these evaluations, many optimization strategies have been formulated. For example, from spatial perspective, we can relief this situation through scale and size control, mixed land use, boundary optimization, social integration and policy formulation. From administrative perspective, current land leasing mode needs to be changed into a better-planned one. The development rights, property rights, and management responsibilities need to be clearly divided and some affordable housing strategies need to be adopted, etc.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Santiago, Carlos A. "A building system: an alternative to the urban sprawl in contemporary metropolitan San Juan." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53302.
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The intent of this thesis is to develop a concept for a structural and enclosure building system that will be applicable to the typical existing housing units in San Juan, P. R. The system will respond to criteria based on environmental, socio-cultural and architectural concerns.Master of Architecture
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Logan, Michael Farley. "Fighting sprawl and city hall: Resistance to urban growth in the southwest, 1945-1965." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186742.
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Serious resistance to urban growth in the Southwest arose at the beginning of the post World War II boom and persisted throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Most historians of the urban West ignore this early resistance. Even New Western historians truncate their studies of urbanization in the Southwest by assuming that serious opposition to development only appeared with the rise of environmentalism in the late 1960s. Urbanization in Tucson and Albuquerque proceeded in the face of constant protest. The expressions of opposition to urban expansion arose in conservative and libertarian political critiques and in ethnic resistance to urban renewal plans that targeted barrio areas. A loosely defined environmentalism appeared in these early forms of resistance as residents fought to preserve their lifestyle and native culture.