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Vaculíková, Petra. "Veřejné prostory historického jádra Brna - náměstí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233246.
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Changes of physical, functional and social structure of the city as a result of the group of variously interrelated changes and events that are fundamentally participate in the formation of the image of the urban development. This doctoral thesis is based on research of the historical city center - squared. First part is focuses on the historical development of urban texture of the inner city of Brno and its squares. We are talking about Square of Freedom, Vegetable Market, Dominican square, Jacobs square, Capuchins square and Šilingrovo square. Based on individual characteristics, describing the emergence of morphological and functional changes in Brno square was created urban classification of basic types of square. City of Brno, as the capital city of region has a significant position in the structure of settlements. This fact has become one of the key aspects for the selection of examples of European cities and their squares. The second part of the thesis is based on comparative studies of different types of historical squares. In order to define the value of public spaces, it is necessary to look at the public places of historical perspective and deal with the causes that led to the decline of the importance and role of public spaces. Austrian capital cities of region (Graz, Linz, Klagenfurt and Salzburg) will be examined with regard to similar climatic conditions and a common cultural and historical context of the city. Based on urban patterns and graphic diagrams of each square are observed inner relationships between shapes of square, form, function and location of the position of an artwork. Research areas are also focused on comparing aspects of transport, green space, functional use, visual unit and social activities. The public space is shaped by a set of characteristics that promote diversity and interdependence of functions. For a better interpretation of the results have been established two benchmarks - symbol of identification with the place and the Magnet (function and filling space). The objective of the thesis is to define an aspects and elements of space which were involved in square use.
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Gospodini, Anastasia-Aspasia. "Type and function in the urban square : a case study of London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434254.
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Lupala, John Modestus. "Urban types in rapidly urbanising cities." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3426.
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One of the challenges confronting cities innon-industrialised countries today is the fact that cities aregrowing at unprecedented rates, sizes and densities. Growthtrends in these cities are largely unregulated. In thesecountries, cities have changed in at least four major ways:their size, spatial organisation or morphology, the quality anddistribution of public services and infrastructure and theiremployment base. While this situation can be attributed toglobal urbanisation trends, the general poor knowledge on howthese cities develop, densify and acquire certain physicalcharacteristics has limited effective urban planning andmanagement. At times, the pervasive knowledge gap has beenassociated with the lack of relevant theories and concepts toexplain the evolution, growth and prevailing spatial qualities.However, the limited research in this field has alsocontributed to this problem. The other problem that confrontsthe rapidly urbanising city is continued sprawl that has beenmanifested in externalities of inadequate infrastructureprovision and under-utilisation of scarce resourcesparticularly land.
This thesis is an attempt to contribute towards addressingthese two problem areas. The main field of study is on urbantypes within a rapidly urbanising city context. Dar es Salaamcity was selected a case study area. The study exploresthetheoretical framework for classification and analysis ofsettlements. The relevance of this framework in the studycontext is examined. At low scale level, the study provides ananalysis of house forms, density, plot characteristics, spacesand space uses in formal and informal settlements.
The analysis shows that urbanisation under poverty andlow-density urban types greatly influence the sprawlingcharacter of the city. The increasing market-led housingdevelopment and ineffective planning responses are contributingfactors to the observed unguided densification anddeteriorating spatial qualities. It has also been shown thatwhile theoretical frameworks developed from most industrialisedcountries can be adapted to analyse urban types innon-industrialised countries, these theories are limited incomprehending fully the growth and character of rapidlyurbanising cities.
Key words:Urban types, house forms, density, plotcharacteristics, spaces and space use, spatial quality, formaland informal settlements, Dar es Salaam.
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Li, Mimi. "Urban Regeneration through Public Space: A Case Study in Squares in Dalian, China." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/991.
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Urban regeneration has been accompanying urban development since the earliest human settlement, and was emphasized after the World War Two. Several decades' experience and billions of dollars forced the decision makers to realize the importance of urban image, quality of life, and urban environment, which were recognized as prerequisites and catalysts for the economic development of cities. In this circumstance squares have been involved in urban regeneration projects to create symbol of the city and to provide space for residents, and have been proved to be effective for urban regeneration by many western countries. Dalian, a coastal city in Northeast China presented to be a successful case in the country in involving the construction of squares in regenerating central city to transform the city from a heavy industrial city to a garden city. In the circumstance of urban beautification movement in China, which began in 1990s and was partly symbolized by the construction of fancy, large, but under-used squares, a study on the success of Dalian is indeed needed. This study shed light on the major concerns of Dalian government to create squares in central city, the land use issues of squares, the usage on the squares, and the perception of squares by users. Through the application of key-informant interview, questionnaire survey, and onsite observation, the paper concluded that the construction of squares was part of the urban regeneration policies in Dalian, the major concern was to provide local residents with public open space to enjoy public life, and to improve urban environment. The construction of squares was carefully and systematically planned, the location of squares was pertinent to the land use pattern nearby and to the function of each of the three districts in central city, the squares are fully utilized, and are appreciated by both local residents and tourists. The squares were considered as catalyst in urban environment improvement, urban image enhancement, and tourism and economic development from the perspective of government officials, local residents, and tourists. Implication was provided for other cities in China based on the major findings and reviewed literature, future research opportunities were also suggested.
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Li, Mimi. "Urban regeneration through public space a case study in squares in Dalian, China /." Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo, [Dept. of Geography], 2003. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/m9li2004.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Waterloo, Dept. of Geography, 2003."A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography." Includes bibliographical references.
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Mattsson, Johan. "Human Behaviour & Urban Squares : A Public Life Study of Kungsträdgården and Sergels Torg." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254528.
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Some public squares experience large amounts of human activity and some experience very little, even though external conditions between them create comparable opportunities for public life. The field of public life studies observes the human activity of public spaces and presents principles that predicts human public behaviour to gain a better understanding for what elements of space people are attracted to. The human staying activity at two central public square in Stockholm – Kungsträdgården and Sergels Torg – was studied with the methodology of public life studies as outlined in Gehl & Svarre (2013) How to Study Public Life. A stationary activity mapping was performed for the two squares where female, male, sitting and standing activity was registered. The result show that Kungsträdgården attracts more than twice the staying activity as Sergels Torg, and that the two squares are mirror images of each other in terms of gender and activity proportions, with Kungsträdgården being predominately female and sitting and Sergels Torg male and standing. The principles, theories, previous observations and hypotheses from a selection of the most seminal works within the public life studies field frame the seven themes used to analyse the human stationary activity at the two squares; Sitting, Standing, Thermal Comfort, Psychological Comfort, Sensory Comfort, Aesthetics and Human Interaction.
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Apostolopoulou, Ioli. "Comparing two key modernist public squares among Athens and Stockholm : From similar morphological patterns to common urban experience." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222368.
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The urban form undergoes a constant evolution process that transforms the urban experience. As it has been stated by urban morphologists, the design and planning principles as well as emerging social-economic forces shape the built environment. During the period of modernism, cities reformed their urban cores according to the fundamental elements of modernism, aiming to address the ongoing urban growth, the traffic increase and the emerging social issues. Thus, after that period, several urban cores were transformed from old districts to new modern and prestigious business and commercial centers were the former urban experience disappeared. The center of Athens as well as the center of Stockholm constitute two representative examples of how modernism transformed completely the built environment during that period. Traffic oriented solutions prevailed against the traditional urban districts in both cases. Thus, by experiencing these two cases, common patterns were identified on the urban form of these two key public spaces of the cities. The current study is aiming to unfold the evolution of their urban form and the processes of change that took place in each case during the same time. An extended analysis is conducted, where formal and non-formal conditions are thoroughly examined. Through the analysis of the urban form, this work is aiming to reveal whether common elements that are identified in the built environment produce same implications on the urban life of the public space and consequently common urban experience to the users, despite cultural differences. In addition, the emerging unique formal and non-formal conditions, that generate vitality in each case, are selectively extracted in the last chapter, where crucial interventions are proposed.
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Wang, Zhiwei. "Transit network design considering urban development and differential service types /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202008%20WANG.
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Glazzard, Andrew. "Character types from populist genres in Joseph Conrad's urban fiction." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590818.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between literary and popular/populist fiction by examining Conrad's use of five character types common in popular fiction in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: the detective, the infonner/spy, the spymaster, the anarchist/terrorist, and the swindler. Conrad's fiction has previously been situated in relation to 'exotic' genres such as adventure fiction ; what is original about my thesis is its use of a very wide range of texts from 'urban' genres such as detective and espionage fiction to reconstruct what Conrad's contemporary readers would have expected from novels featuring the character types listed above. This enables a more thorough examination of Conrad's engagement with urban genres than has previously been attempted, using popular texts not previously examined in relation to Conrad. The thesis argues that Conrad appropriated character types from populist genres for three reasons: as a commercial strategy to make his fiction marketable, as a way of responding to topical or contentious social and political issues, and as a means of creative experimentation. The thesis argues that Conrad's fictions are simultaneously ' literary' and 'popular', and that Conrad achieved distinctive aesthetic effects by applying particular literary techniques - what he called "treatment" - to popular subjects such as crime and espionage. This rewriting of genre fiction enabled Conrad to balance the demands of the literary marketplace with artistic and ethical aspirations, and to produce a wide range of narratives that varied significantly in aesthetic effect.
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Li, Dawei. "The development of a conceptual framework for delivering socially beneficial urban squares in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11549/.
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Since the 1990s, in the context of recent rapid urbanisation, China has experienced an intense period of creating urban squares by new-build and regeneration. Much of this has been widely influenced by interpretations of Western urban morphology (Cao, 2005; Zhang 2006; Chen and Thwaites, 2013). Today, the contemporary urban square has become an essential urban form in the city layouts of Chinese cities, built primarily to display a city’s features, promote a city’s cultures, and enhance urban recreation life in China, mirroring perceptions of how such urban settings function in the West. However, the real usage patterns of urban squares in China appear to have limited and imbalanced usage by the public which appears to be in contrast to the well-used western urban squares that China has sought to imitate. This is beginning to attract the attention of the built environment professional fraternity who are seeking to develop better awareness of urban square usage patterns in Chinese cities and understand the planning and design implications. Based on the review of relevant literature and the researcher’s practical experiences, the emergence of this issue could be influenced by the following: - In today’s China, there is no national, regional or local level design guidance or policy in existence to provide the practitioners with any industrial standards to follow in the delivery of user-friendly urban squares in the Chinese context. - Under this circumstance, therefore, the urban squares in China are normally delivered by practitioners who often look to Western influences placing emphasis on visual appearance rather than social functioning. Planning and design decision making processes are therefore heavily biased towards practitioners’ own intuitions and preferences, rather than a deep understanding of, and then a response to, the users’ needs and preferences in the Chinese context. In response, this research will contribute towards solving this issue by developing a conceptual framework for delivering socially beneficial urban squares for today’s China. Here, Guangzhou is selected as the study city for two main reasons. Firstly, Guangzhou is a representative city of China, clearly reflecting the issue discussed above; and secondly, its advanced experiences and lessons could be referred to by the other Chinese cities, due to its significant influence within China. The aim illustrated above is achieved by addressing four research objectives. These are: firstly, to investigate the lessons and experiences that can be learnt from the Western context with regards to delivering socially beneficial urban squares for China, taking the city of Guangzhou as a study site; secondly, to uncover the users’ usage features, desires, and suggestions on the recreation squares in Guangzhou; thirdly, to discover the concept and criteria of socially beneficial recreation squares that are suited to today’s Guangzhou; and finally, to synthesise the outcomes of the previous three steps into a conceptual framework that can offer urban squares the ability to sustain and nourish public urban social life, in Guangzhou. Finally, this research makes four main contributions to the fields of urban square and urban design including theoretical development and practical application. The first contribution is that it uncovers the evolving pattern of traditional Chinese squares, which can fill the gap that exists within the literature review of Chinese squares. The second contribution is that it reveals and illustrates the concept and criteria of socially beneficial urban squares in the Western context, which can enrich the West’s documentary material of urban squares. The third contribution is that it develops two innovative research tools for the fieldwork in China, which contributes towards the development of built environment research methodology. The fourth contribution is that it produces a conceptual framework, which can be used not only in Guangzhou to assist the practitioners to deliver socially beneficial urban squares in practice, but also offers potential for application in other Chinese cities. This implies its significance and contribution to the theoretical and practical developments of Chinese urban squares.
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GREEN, ADAM J. "URBAN EDGE: SUBURBAN DREAMS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1084900580.
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Lane, Alan Gordon, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Natural Sciences. "Frog abundance and diversity in urban and non-urban habitats in the upper Blue Mountains (New South Wales)." THESIS_CHS_NSC_Lane_A.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/463.
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This study was undertaken between July 24, 2003 and January 16, 2004 to investigate the influence of urban development upon the abundance and species diversity of frogs in the upper Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. Five urban sites were paired with matched non-urban sites. Urban sites were located within or on the fringes of the towns of Katoomba and Blackheath and were subject to varying degrees of physical disturbance, as well as degradation and pollution by urban runoff and sewage. The non-urban sites were located within the Blue Mountains National Park and were effectively un-impacted by human activity. No adequate explanation emerged for the marked difference between the frog assemblages at the two types of habitat. It is speculated that the salts, detergents and other chemicals in urban wastewaters (roadway runoff, yard runoff and sewage) may provide the frogs at urban sites with some level of protection against disease, particularly chytridiomycosis. All indications from this and previous work are that the frog abundance and diversity in non-urban habitats in the upper Blue Mountains of New South Wales are showing the same trends in decline as observed in other montane regions of Australia. Urban habitats are important population reservoirs for the diversity of frog species absent from the non-urban habitats, but are vulnerable to progressive destruction from a variety of human impacts. Efforts should be made by municipal authorities to recognise their significance and to protect them from future lossMaster of Science (Hons)
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Namgung, Mi. "The Relationship between Attitudes, Neighborhood Types, and Travel Behavior: Implications for Public Transportation." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417699048.
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Kim, Eui-Hoe 1974. "REIT-based pure-play portfolios : the case of property types and geographic locations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26738.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).
Over the last 20 years the REIT industry has made remarkable progress in terms of the magnitude of market capitalization and management performance. However, it is difficult for investors to precisely target their investments because publicly traded REITs diversify their assets across property types and geographic locations. This research has explored the concept and methodology of a REIT-based pure-play portfolio. This portfolio is defined as an optimal combination of long and short positions in publicly traded REITs, such that the portfolio can replicate the investment returns to a specified target sector without any direct exposure to other sectors while minimizing the idiosyncratic risk component of the portfolio. This thesis constructed pure-play portfolios across four property types and four geographic locations using seven years of structural information on publicly traded REITs. For comparison with the privately held property market, NCREIF sub-indices which represent also four property types and four geographic locations are used. In addition to the construction of pure-play portfolios, the performance indices of REIT-based pure-play portfolios and private property-based NCREIF sub-indices are presented.
by Eui-Hoe Kim.
S.M.
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Fernandes, Camila Junqueira [UNESP]. "Análise quali-quantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos e vegetais e de uso da praça Rui Barbosa de São José do Rio Preto, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/142862.
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O estudo da flora existente nas cidades é de suma importância do ponto de vista ecológico e sustentável, assim como ser premissa para ações que proporcionem maior segurança, conforto e bem-estar para população. Visando o conhecimento da vegetação arbórea, para fins de orientação do manejo e conservação dessa área, foi realizada uma análise da composição, diversidade e qualidade da flora arbórea (considerando árvores e palmeiras) existente na praça Rui Barbosa, município de São José do Rio Preto, SP e, também, análise quali-quantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos e vegetais, bem como, pesquisa de opinião visando otimizar o uso e o conforto nesta praça. Esta praça é considerada a principal pela localização, história e uso, e encontra-se na região central, ao lado da Catedral. É uma área onde normalmente ocorrem várias manifestações culturais, sociais, políticas e também serviços de saúde pública. Os indivíduos arbóreos presentes na praça foram contados, identificados e avaliados a altura e circunferência do tronco à altura do peito; foram determinados descritores fitossociológicos, índice de Shannon-Weaver e observados aspectos qualitativos. A composição florística arbórea da praça Rui Barbosa, no município de São José do Rio Preto, SP, constitui-se de 15 famílias botânicas, composta por 25 gêneros e 28 espécies, num total de 103 indivíduos, entre árvores e palmeiras. A espécie de maior representatividade foi Dypsis lutescens (areca-bambu), com frequência de 20,39%, seguida de Caesalpinia pluviosa (sibipiruna), com frequência 18,45%, enquanto que as demais não ultrapassaram 10%. O índice de Shannon-Weaver, indicador de diversidade, foi de 2,77, mostrando que a praça apresenta grande diversidade florística. A maioria (72,8%) dos indivíduos encontram-se em estado regular ou péssimo; 66,02% apresentaram algum sintoma de fungo; 12,62% apresentam problemas decorrentes do ataque de cupins; musgos, liquens e epífitas estão presentes em 73,78 % dos indivíduos da praça. Baseado na análise quali-quantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos, conclui-se que a praça Rui Barbosa, município de São José do Rio Preto, SP, se encontra em bom estado, passou por reformas recentemente e consegue atender a necessidade de grande parte de seus frequentadores. Quando considera-se toda a vegetação, incluindo as plantas arbustivas e herbáceas, a composição florística da praça passa a ser constituída de 24 famílias botânicas, composta por 38 gêneros e 41 espécies, num total de 174 indivíduos; a espécie de maior ocorrência foi Dypsis lutescens (areca-bambu), com frequência de 12,07%, seguida de Viburnum sp (viburno), com frequência de 11,49% e Caesalpinia peltophoroides (sibipiruna), com frequência de 10,92%,enquanto que as demais não ultrapassaram 10%. Os canteiros da praça precisam de uma revitalização e uma composição com novas plantas e cuidados. Com a pesquisa de opinião conclui-se que o local tem a função de promover bem-estar a diferentes grupos de pessoas, preferencialmente do sexo masculino, de 41 a 60 anos, que a usam para descanso e encontro com amigos.
The study of existing flora in cities is very important ecological and sustainable point of view, as well as being the premise for actions that provide greater safety, comfort and well-being for the population. Seeking knowledge of trees for the purpose of orientation of the management and conservation of this area, an analysis of the composition was performed, diversity and quality of the arboreal flora (considering trees and palms) on the Rui Barbosa Square, the city of São José do Rio Preto, SP and also qualitative and quantitative analysis of the architectural and vegetal elements, as well as opinion research to optimize the use and comfort in this square. This square is considered the main by the location, history and use, and is in the central region, next to the Cathedral. It is an area where typically occur several cultural events, social, political and also public health services. The arboreal individuals present in the square were counted, identified and assessed the height and circumference of the trunk at breast height; they were determined Phytosociological descriptors, Shannon-Weaver index and observed qualitative aspects. The floristic composition of Rui Barbosa Square, in the city of São José do Rio Preto, SP, consists of 15 botanical families, consisting of 25 genera and 28 species, a total of 103 individuals, among trees and palms. The species most representative was Dypsis lutescens (Areca-bambu), with a frequency of 20.39%, followed by Caesalpinia rainiest (Sibipiruna) often 18.45%, while the other did not exceed 10%. The index of Shannon-Weaver diversity index, was 2.77, showing that the square has great floristic diversity. Most (72.8%) individuals are in good or bad shape; 66.02% had some fungus symptom; 12.62% have problems arising from termite attack; mosses, lichens and epiphytes are present in 73.78% of the subjects of the square. With the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the architectural elements, it is concluded that the site is in good condition, it has undergone renovations recently and can meet the needs of most of its regulars, has the function of promoting well-being to different groups people, preferably male, 41-60 years old, who use it to rest and meeting with friends.
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ABBASIAN, ARMIN. "Importance of Urban Squares as Public Space in Social Life : A New Design of Fisktorget in Karlskrona City." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13015.
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Nowadays, the impact of technological growth on people’s life and our society is remarkable, inevitable and also worrying. The excessive influence of technology in individuals’ lives has caused our community to change towards more privatisation and secluded life. At this point, the role of urban public spaces in social life has become more prominent and significant. Issues of social life in public spaces and the relations with creating a vibrant and dynamic city has not been given too much attention in urban planning and design. This thesis raises the question of considering public spaces and how urban public spaces (especially squares) can encourage/persuade citizens to increase social interaction. Initially, it describes a clear definition of public spaces and urban squares. Thereafter, the study addresses effectual factors from the human perspective which can help to achieve the successful design of an urban public square. The aim of the work is to comprehend how it might be possible to improve social life and behaviour in public spaces (squares) and consequently to attain a framework in order to design. Ultimately, a design is proposed for Fisktorget (Fish Square), which is one of most important public places in the Karlskrona city in Sweden. The proposed design is based on studies and analyses that have been done throughout this thesis.
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Guner, Ugur. "Identification of topological and dynamic properties of biological networks through diverse types of data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41116.
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It is becoming increasingly important to understand biological networks in order to understand complex diseases, identify novel, safer protein targets for therapies and design efficient drugs. 'Systems biology' has emerged as a discipline to uncover biological networks through genomic data. Computational methods for identifying these networks become immensely important and have been growing in number in parallel to increasing amount of genomic data under the discipline of 'Systems Biology'.
In this thesis we introduced novel computational methods for identifying topological and dynamic properties of biological networks. Biological data is available in various forms. Experimental data on the interactions between biological components provides a connectivity map of the system as a network of interactions and time series or steady state experiments on concentrations or activity levels of biological constituents will give a dynamic picture of the web of these interactions. Biological data is scarce usually relative to the number of components in the networks and subject to high levels of noise. The data is available from various resources however it can have missing information and inconsistencies. Hence it is critical to design intelligent computational methods that can incorporate data from different resources while considering noise component.
This thesis is organized as follows; Chapter 1 and 2 will introduce the basic concepts for biological network types. Chapter 2 will give a background on biochemical network identification data types and computational approaches for reverse engineering of these networks. Chapter 3 will introduce our novel constrained total least squares approach for recovering network topology and dynamics through noisy measurements. We proved our method to be superior over existing reverse engineering methods. Chapter 4 is an extension of chapter 3 where a Bayesian parameter estimation algorithm is presented that is capable of incorporating noisy time series and prior information for the connectivity of network. The quality of prior information is critical to be able to infer dynamics of the networks. The major drawback of prior connectivity data is the presence of false negatives, missing links. Hence, powerful link prediction methods are necessary to be able to identify missing links. At this junction a novel link prediction method is introduced in Chapter 5. This method is capable of predicting missing links in a connectivity data. An application of this method on protein-protein association data from a literature mining database will be demonstrated. In chapter 6 a further extension into link prediction applications will be given. An interesting application of these methods is the drug adverse effect prediction. Adverse effects are the major reason for the failure of drugs in pharmaceutical industry, therefore it is very important to identify potential toxicity risks in the early drug development process. Motivated by this chapter 6 introduces our computational framework that integrates drug-target, drug-side effect, pathway-target and mouse phenotype-mouse genes data to predict side effects. Chapter 7 will give the significant findings and overall achievements of the thesis. Subsequent steps will be suggested that can follow the work presented here to improve network prediction methods.
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McHugh, Colleen M. (Colleen Margaret). "The post-disaster shrinking city : vacant land types, patterns, and strategies in post-Katrina New Orleans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81743.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [184]-187).
There were approximately 17,000 vacant lots in New Orleans in 2012, amounting to over 11 percent of total parcels in the city. Many of these lots have become vacant since Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005, but many were already empty. The population in parts of the older core of the city significantly declined from World War II until 2000. The migration of people into the recently drained low-lying subdivisions both within and outside of the city limits led to disinvestment and high vacancy rates in central neighborhoods of the city. This thesis seeks to define the current physical landscape of vacancy in New Orleans, within the context of these two historic narratives, Katrina and suburbanization before the storm, in order to appropriately target policy strategies for the reuse of vacant lots. This thesis uses images collected by the author of vacant lots throughout the city to define spatial types and conditions common to vacant land in New Orleans. A rigorous, data-driven mapping exercise explores patterns of vacancy in relation to physical and socioeconomic measures. This analysis supports the definition of three neighborhood types in which vacant land should be treated differently. These three types are based on pre-Katrina vacancy and post-Katrina flood depths, and consist of: 1) areas with significant pre-Katrina vacant land and little flooding, 2) areas with little pre-Katrina vacant land and high flood levels, and 3) areas with both significant pre-Katrina vacant land and high flood levels. The findings of this research indicate the need to revisit the physical footprint of New Orleans, with an emphasis on how the city should target its limited resources in the future to maximize both social justice and environmental justice imperatives, as well as mitigate the negative impacts of future disasters.
by Colleen M. McHugh.
M.C.P.
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Naber, Steven John. "Nonlinear least-squares and universal-kriging estimation of source and ground-water parameters for several types of plumes caused by instantaneous contamination releases /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848531362977.
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Barros, Paula. "The contribution of design in sustaining social activities in central urban squares within large cities : the case of Belo Horizonte." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579525.
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Design plays an important role in facilitating (or inhibiting) the performance of social activities in urban open spaces. Although recent literature has acknowledged that visual and non-visual sensory aspects should be taken into account in the design of environments, most theory, practice and teaching of urban design have focused on the visual qualities of spaces. Furthermore, design processes have often been based on the practitioners own intuitions and preferences instead of knowledge of how people interact with urban open spaces. The present research demonstrates that an approach to the multisensory design of urban open spaces responsive to user needs and preferences is feasible and holds the promise of guiding best practice in the creation of high-quality g9thering urban open spaces. Using structured interviews, unstructured observation, behavioural mapping techniques, sketch maps and an innovative sensory-behavioural mapping technique, this research identifies fundamental urban design elements and qualities to inform a responsive multisensory approach to design. The methodology proposed is hoped to motivate practitioners to apply environment behaviour knowledge throughout the process of multisensory urban design in different cultural contexts. Further, the urban design elements (props, boundaries, landmarks, spaces, atmospheres, views, anchors and repellents) that emerged from the present study as supportive of social activities in urban open spaces are applicable to the design of most gathering urban open spaces while robustness, richness and legibility are identified as key urban design qualities in attracting and retaining people in these spaces due to their responsiveness to various user needs and preferences.
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Taylor, Danielle Sue. "The application of Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery to the discrimination of urban land use types /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art2391.pdf.
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Sundborg, Bengt. "Energy Savings by Using Daylight for Basic Urban Shapes : With a Case Study of Three Different Street Types." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194385.
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During winter the sun is in short supply. But research at KTH shows that solar radiation can be facilitated while energy consumption for lighting is reduced. This provided that the buildings are appropriately designed. But, unfortunately, the sunlight is often not taken into account and the results are the opposite. The energy savings depend on good town planning where the daylight is accessible for longer periods of time during the day, both indoors and outdoors. Then, the periods of use for electric light will decrease. This research is one of the first studies which evaluate the savings in energy with electric lighting due to the use of daylight in urban planning. Three different patterns for street layouts are evaluated and discussed in this report. For example, with straight streets it is possible to save approximately 11 % of the electric energy for the exterior lighting compared to a bending street during twilight. However, it is possible to improve the daylight distribution with geometrical adjustments even along bending streets. Varying the height of the building along the street front and adding openings between the buildings can make for good daylight distribution, like in the strategic straight line format. The energy efficiency of the bending streets can be improved so the loss in energy efficiency compared to a straight street can be reduced from 11 % to 4 %, in a specific case. The energy savings are not so great that they alone can justify a specific street type. A number of other factors must also be considered, such as architectural style, uniformity and the building system. A long-term goal is practical guidelines for “better” geometry in urban design, taking into consideration the sun and daylight. The construction cost is not higher in such geometries than in conventional designs, since daylight is free. Therefore daylight can open up for new types of settlements with advantages as more space with more outlooks.QC 20161028
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Valicenti, Dale R. (Dale Robert). "The impact of the warehouse format on traditional retailers and underlying property types in Massachusetts in the 1990's." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70863.
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Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi. "An economic evaluation of school management-types in urban India : a case study of Uttar Pradesh." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240356.
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Youngentob, Kara N. "Is a new urban development model really building greener communities? a comparative study of homeowners from three development types /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003222.
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Ojah, Maharaj Shrimatee. "Increasing the Supply of the Missing Middle Housing Types in Walkable Urban Core Neighborhoods: Risk, Risk Reduction and Capital." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7877.
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There is a low supply of the missing middle housing types (MMH) in walkable urban core neighborhoods. That is, a variety of compact low- to mid-rise housing in walkable areas that are accessible to entertainment, recreational and other amenities. The largest demographic, the millennials, followed by the baby boomers, prefer the MMH types. The MMH types is a new name for a variety of compact housing types that existed in traditional neighborhoods in urban areas pre-World War II. However, due to changes in housing preferences after World War II, the requisite land use and zoning changes facilitated larger single-family homes phasing out the MMH types. Efforts to reintroduce the MMH types is these areas are met with opposition.
This research investigates increasing the supply of the MMH types in walkable urban core neighborhoods. The literature review reveals, prior to this one, no academic study at this level was done to understand how to increase the supply of MMH types in these areas.
This research explores the views of stakeholders in urban planning and various professions related to housing and the MMH types in the Tampa Bay Area, to better understand the issues involved in the low supply of the MMH types in urban core areas.
The data for this qualitative research was guided by a grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2014) and was derived from thirty-nine semi-structured interviews with stakeholders to find out what factors inhibit and ways to improve the supply of the MMH types in the Tampa Bay area.
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Spina, Danton Christopher. "Confused Spaces: Theatricality as a device for defining different types of public space." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1136.
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Confused Spaces has come to the conclusion that theatricality can be a device for defining different types of public space. This book aims to define theatricality in architectural terms by taking principles from the disciplines of theater and urban design. It limits the scope of the definition to a specific set of elements of theatricality that include spectacle, transition, flexibility, and compactability. After attempting to define why these elements of theatricality are valid architectural concepts, the text then pushes to understand the experience that these elements can create. Through the use of historical and contemporary references, an argument for theatricality can already be found to exist but simply has not been clearly defined. The best methods of studying the design concepts are initially discussed. It is believed that in addition to a thorough case study of an existing structure which practices theatricality, the best way to explain the concepts of the idea as well as analyze them would be through several design attempts. Architectural competitions become the venue for experimentation. Three competition entries are submitted that attempt to implement theatricality. One more competition is created and results in an exhibition of the entries as well as an installation which can be studied and analyzed in a physical space. By using principles distilled from all the preceding research and design analysis, a theoretical large-scale design is explored. The design combines significant site data with all the design principles defended in the text up to this point. The design becomes the most complete visual representation of the core concept for theatricality. In conclusion, it is determined that the principles of theatricality clearly have a significant impact on the public and the pedestrian experience. It is encouraged for the concept to be used as a design device for creating pedestrian-friendly spaces in the future.
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Lu, Linjun. "Operational Performance Evaluation of Four Types of Exit Ramps on Florida's Freeways." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3218.
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This research focuses primarily on the analysis of exit ramp performance related to safety and operations. The safety analysis focuses on the impacts of different exit ramp types for freeway diverge areas and different factors contributing to the crashes that occur on the exit ramp sections. The operational analysis is based mainly on simulations by TSIS-CORSIM. Different ramp effects and guidance for selecting optimal exit ramp type are concluded. Issues related to ramp sections and crossroad sections are also demonstrated. Minimum ramp length and minimum distance between ramp terminal and downstream or upstream intersections are calculated. The operational analysis was conducted to determine different ramp effects and to provide guidance for selecting optimal exit ramp type.
Comparisons of the operational performance of different types of exit ramps are made to present a method for choosing the optimal one. Some methods of evaluation (MOEs) are used to approach this objective, such as number of lane changes, average speed, delay time, etc. Data collection at 24 sites in Florida was conducted, and traffic simulations by TSIS-CORSIM were applied for analysis. Mathematical models were built to evaluate different impacts of these ramps based on simulations. All impact analysis is concluded to summarize a model for optimal exit ramp selection. In addition to ramp type evaluation and selection, issues related to ramp section and crossroad section are demonstrated. Minimum ramp length and minimum distance between ramp terminal and downstream or upstream intersections are calculated.
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Carneiro, Danielle Cristina. "VALORAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DAS ÁRVORES NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO URBANO DE PONTA GROSSA – PR A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE EMERGÉTICA." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/563.
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Previous issue date: 2014-05-08The present study aims to present and to analyze the stocks and the environmental services provided by forested public areas of downtown area of Ponta Grossa - Paraná, using the emergy analysis. The urban forestry is inserted as one of the main icons in defense to the urban environment, amenable to valuation. In this sense, the emergy analysis is presented as a methodology for environmental valuation that can offer an ecological approach in estimating values. There were accounted 2,293 trees located in 11 squares and 38 streets. For the application of emergy analysis there were considered flows of materials and services from the economy and nature's services. Embedded on the economic flows the equipment and hand labor related to afforestation and as natural flows, rainfall (including solar and wind), soil nutrients, and leaf litter from trees located in squares. To calculate the resulting products of the system there were considered the benefits derived from trees, such as biomass, air humidification and infiltration. From the results it can be seen that the system of afforestation of downtown increases with the age of the trees. The average value, considering the average age of 20 years of a tree, was 6.28E+14 seJ/tree, related to materials and services of the economy values (3.5E+14 seJ/tree) and for the services deriving from nature (2.78E+14 seJ/tree). These two components are considered internal flows of the system that become into benefits that resulted in 3.23E+09 J/tree. When analyzing the transformity for the afforestation system, there was obtained 1.94E+05 sej/J and when converting it into monetary values, there was obtained the average amount of 5,565.16 Brazilian Reais for a single 20-years tree, so it can be accounted how much it is the existence, considering the work of nature and society, of one tree to the system of urban forestry. It’s concluded that from the perspective of the emergy analysis, the nature labor shall be recognized and reinforced and the afforestation of Ponta Grossa downtown can be understood in terms of the valuation of all its attributes.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar e analisar os estoques e os serviços ambientais proporcionados pelos espaços públicos arborizados da área central da cidade de Ponta Grossa – Paraná, empregando a análise emergética. A arborização urbana insere-se como um dos principais ícones em defesa do ambiente urbano, passível de valoração. Neste sentido, a análise emergética apresenta-se como uma metodologia de valoração ambiental que consegue oferecer uma aproximação ecológica na estimativa de valores. Foram contabilizadas 2.293 árvores localizadas em 11 praças e 38 vias. Para a aplicação da análise emergética foram considerados os fluxos provindos de materiais e serviços da economia e dos serviços da natureza. Enquadram-se dentro dos fluxos econômicos os equipamentos e mão-de-obra relacionados à arborização, e como fluxos naturais, a pluviosidade local (incluídos energia solar e vento), nutrientes do solo e da serapilheira de árvores de praças. Para calcular os produtos resultantes do sistema foram considerados os benefícios oriundos das árvores, como a biomassa, a umidificação do ar e a infiltração. A partir dos resultados percebe-se que o sistema de arborização da área central da cidade aumenta em função da idade das árvores. O valor médio encontrado, considerando a idade média de 20 anos de uma árvore, foi de 6,28E+14 seJ/árvore, sendo composto pelos valores relativos aos materiais e serviços da economia (3,5E+14seJ/árvore) e pelos serviços provindos da natureza (2,78E+14seJ/árvore). Esses dois componentes são considerados fluxos internos do sistema que se transformam em benefícios que resultaram em 3,23E+09 J/árvore. Ao analisar a transformidade para o sistema de arborização, obteve-se o valor de 1,94E+05 seJ/J e ao converter os valores encontrados em valores monetários, obteve-se o valor médio de R$ 5.565,16 para uma única árvore com 20 anos de idade, ou seja, pôde-se contabilizar quanto vale a existência, considerando o trabalho da natureza e da sociedade, de uma árvore para o sistema de arborização urbana. Conclui-se que a partir da análise emergética, o trabalho da natureza passa a ser reconhecido e reforçado e a arborização do centro de Ponta Grossa pode ser entendida em função da valoração de todos os seus atributos.
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Rodjanapradied, Rahuth. "The impact of road layout types on the evolution of new port towns : an urban design case study in Thailand." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289153.
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Cruz, Franciane Cougo da. "Caracterização da satisfação dos usuários do sistema municipal de estacionamento rotativo através da aplicação do modelo ECSI." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4679.
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The term mobility is at the same time, cause and effect of urban development and is directly related to the economic, social and environmental aspects of a region. Your qualified plan implies harmonic, efficient and democratically run cities. Whereas parking lots are defined as infrastructure for urban mobility, the research objective was to identify the perceptions of users of municipal services paid parking lots in order to provide subsidies for the construction of the Mobility Plan Territorial Bagé. Therefore, the present study uses the model ECSI (European Customer Satisfaction Index) to measure relationships involving users of the municipal system of rotating Paid parking. ECSI was estimated by PLS-PM method that is characterized by its robustness in the face of structural models with missing data with normality. Data were collected through questionnaires and applied, non-randomly by 401 users Municipal Parking System Revolving in the city of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul. The results indicate that the system user considers the level of service provided satisfactory (mean 7.65), and this construct most affected by the expectation of users and image of service. The construct with the lowest average was the perceived value (average 6.73). The constructs differ systematically only for income and age profiles, in other words, as age or income increase, the trend is that there is a better evaluation of the different constructs.O termo mobilidade é, ao mesmo tempo, causa e efeito do desenvolvimento urbano e está diretamente relacionado com os aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais de uma região. O seu planejamento qualificado implica cidades harmônicas, eficientes e democraticamente geridas. Considerando que estacionamentos são definidos como infraestrutura de mobilidade urbana, o objetivo da pesquisa foi o de identificar a percepção dos usuários do serviço municipal de estacionamento rotativo a fim de fornecer subsídios para a construção do Plano de Mobilidade Territorial de Bagé. Para tanto, o presente estudo utiliza o modelo ECSI (Índice Europeu de Satisfação do Cliente) na mensuração das relações que envolvem os usuários do sistema municipal de estacionamento rotativo Pago. O ECSI foi estimado pelo método PLS-PM que se caracteriza por sua robustez diante de modelos estruturais compostos por dados com falta de normalidade. Os dados foram coletados mediante questionários aplicados e respondidos, de forma não aleatória, por 401 usuários do sistema municipal de estacionamento rotativo na cidade de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o usuário do sistema considera o nível de serviço prestado satisfatório (média 7,65), sendo este constructo mais afetado pela expectativa dos usuários e imagem do serviço prestado. O constructo com menor média foi o valor percebido (média 6,73). Os constructos diferem de forma sistemática apenas para os perfis renda e idade, ou seja, à medida que a idade ou a renda aumentam, a tendência é de que exista uma melhor avaliação dos diferentes constructos.
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Novack, Tessio [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Stilla, and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sörgel. "Context-based classification of urban structure types using spaceborne InSAR images / Tessio Novack. Betreuer: Uwe Stilla. Gutachter: Uwe Sörgel ; Uwe Stilla." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099594596/34.
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Caner, Yuksel Cagla. "A Spatial Inquiry Into Western Anatolian Urban Centers: Tire In The Making (14th - 16th Centuries)." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610517/index.pdf.
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Western Anatolia witnessed a crucial and eventful period between the end of the 13th and the middle of the 15th centuries. The region stood in a critical position giving way to trade between East and West, located at the junction of the sea and land routes. This following study concentrates on a crucial aspect of Western Anatolia within these circumstances on the rise, through the 14th and 16th centuries. That is to say, this thesis focuses on the establishment and remodeling of the urban centers in Western Anatolia between the 14th and 16th centuries. In addition, it proposes an in depth analysis of one of these centers, namely Tire to further substantiate its theses on the making of these centers.
The main argumentation of the dissertation is twofold. First, it asserts the influence of the socio-economic backgrounds of these urban centers, particularly the role of trade activities, trade relations, trade road and urban network in the making of these towns. Second, it asserts the influence of architectural constituents of urban form in the formation and transformation of these towns. Namely, it argues the role of particular architectural types, monuments that act as urban artifacts in urban development, the most significant of which are building groups in the form of külliyes or zaviyes. Accordingly, the thesis maintains that both trade, trade roads and urban network, related with the socio-economic backgrounds of the urban centers, and particular urban artifacts, that are the components of urban form, affect the making towns as physical entities. It claims that all these factors and the town at their intersection, are in a continuous intercourse and they steadily transform each other. Hence, the thesis endeavors to highlight and corroborate the interrelation of trade roads, urban form, and components of urban form, in regional, urban, and in architectural scale. In so doing, first it studies each of the themes separately within the general framework of Western Anatolian urban centers and next associates them particularly through the in depth analysis of Tire. In these lines, this thesis is an effort to interconnect and integrate the varied scholarly disciplines of social, cultural, economic history, urban geography and particularly architectural history through the explorations on urban space in general. It is also an undertaking to reveal the development and transformation of the urban space concentrating particularly on medieval Western Anatolia.
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Bovo, Marcos Clair [UNESP]. "Áreas verdes urbanas, imagem e uso: um estudo geográfico sobre a cidade de Maringá – PR." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105006.
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A manutenção das áreas verdes urbanas sempre foi justificada pelo seu potencial em proporcionar qualidade ambiental à população. Essas áreas interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida por meio das funções ecológico-ambiental, estética, paisagística, climática, psicológica e também recreativa que elas exercem para amenização das consequências negativas da urbanização. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo caracterizar e analisar as áreas verdes urbanas de Maringá/PR, destacando seus aspectos paisagísticos e sua infraestrutura a fim de compreender a qualidade ambiental desses espaços públicos e propor medidas que auxiliem no seu planejamento e gerenciamento. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises investigativas das 104 praças existentes em Maringá, de 09 parques urbanos e de 01 cemitério parque. Para a análise realizou-se trabalho de campo com base em dois formulários. O primeiro deles visava à avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da vegetação e se constituiu dos seguintes itens: nome da área verde, sua localização, sua altitude, a vegetação nela existente, o porte e a densidade da vegetação, a cobertura do solo, as condições de relevo, aspectos físicos e sanitários da vegetação, tipo de ocupação das proximidades e qualidade paisagísticas das praças, dos parques e do cemitério parque. O segundo formulário teve como objetivo fazer o levantamento dos aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos dos equipamentos e estruturas existentes em cada logradouro...
The maintenance of urban green areas has always been justified by its potential to provide quality environment for people. These areas directly affect the quality of life through ecological functions, environmental, aesthetic, landscape, climate, psychological and recreational they have for alleviating the negative consequences of urbanization. Accordingly, this research aims to characterize and analyze the areas of urban green Maringá / PR, highlighting the landscape aspects and its infrastructure in order to understand the quality of the environmental public spaces and propose measures to assist in their planning and management. This way, it was investigated for analysis of existing in Maringá, 104 squares,09 parks and 01 cemetery. For the analysis it was carried out the fieldwork in two forms. The first one aimed at qualitative and quantitative assessment of vegetation and consisted of the following: name of the green area, its location, its altitude, the vegetation in that area, the size and density of vegetation, soil cover, the conditions for relief , physical and health of vegetation, type of occupation of the nearby landscape and quality of parks, the parks and the cemetery park. The second form aimed to make the lifting of quantitative and qualitative aspects of equipment and structures in each street addresses. Accordding to the results found the lack of infrastructure and lack of criteria adopted in the spatial distribution of the squares, and the neglect of the public, about the replacement of equipment and facilities to be located in squares, whichever the greater investment in the central part and in the absence periphery. As the squares of the predominant vegetation and tree trick in 49.03%, then, the squares formed by the vegetation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bovo, Marcos Clair. "Áreas verdes urbanas, imagem e uso : um estudo geográfico sobre a cidade de Maringá - PR /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105006.
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Banca: Yuri Tavares Rocha
Resumo: A manutenção das áreas verdes urbanas sempre foi justificada pelo seu potencial em proporcionar qualidade ambiental à população. Essas áreas interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida por meio das funções ecológico-ambiental, estética, paisagística, climática, psicológica e também recreativa que elas exercem para amenização das consequências negativas da urbanização. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo caracterizar e analisar as áreas verdes urbanas de Maringá/PR, destacando seus aspectos paisagísticos e sua infraestrutura a fim de compreender a qualidade ambiental desses espaços públicos e propor medidas que auxiliem no seu planejamento e gerenciamento. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises investigativas das 104 praças existentes em Maringá, de 09 parques urbanos e de 01 cemitério parque. Para a análise realizou-se trabalho de campo com base em dois formulários. O primeiro deles visava à avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da vegetação e se constituiu dos seguintes itens: nome da área verde, sua localização, sua altitude, a vegetação nela existente, o porte e a densidade da vegetação, a cobertura do solo, as condições de relevo, aspectos físicos e sanitários da vegetação, tipo de ocupação das proximidades e qualidade paisagísticas das praças, dos parques e do cemitério parque. O segundo formulário teve como objetivo fazer o levantamento dos aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos dos equipamentos e estruturas existentes em cada logradouro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The maintenance of urban green areas has always been justified by its potential to provide quality environment for people. These areas directly affect the quality of life through ecological functions, environmental, aesthetic, landscape, climate, psychological and recreational they have for alleviating the negative consequences of urbanization. Accordingly, this research aims to characterize and analyze the areas of urban green Maringá / PR, highlighting the landscape aspects and its infrastructure in order to understand the quality of the environmental public spaces and propose measures to assist in their planning and management. This way, it was investigated for analysis of existing in Maringá, 104 squares,09 parks and 01 cemetery. For the analysis it was carried out the fieldwork in two forms. The first one aimed at qualitative and quantitative assessment of vegetation and consisted of the following: name of the green area, its location, its altitude, the vegetation in that area, the size and density of vegetation, soil cover, the conditions for relief , physical and health of vegetation, type of occupation of the nearby landscape and quality of parks, the parks and the cemetery park. The second form aimed to make the lifting of quantitative and qualitative aspects of equipment and structures in each street addresses. Accordding to the results found the lack of infrastructure and lack of criteria adopted in the spatial distribution of the squares, and the neglect of the public, about the replacement of equipment and facilities to be located in squares, whichever the greater investment in the central part and in the absence periphery. As the squares of the predominant vegetation and tree trick in 49.03%, then, the squares formed by the vegetation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Höfer, René [Verfasser], and Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Glaser. "Remote sensing based derivation of urban structure types to assess hydro-meteorological impacts in highly dynamic urban agglomerations in Latin America = Fernerkundliche Ableitung von Stadtstrukturtypen zur Analyse hydro-meteorologischer Auswirkungen in hochdynamischen urbanen Ballungsgebieten in Lateinamerika." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1122742444/34.
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Dean, Lauren. "The Social Roles of Buildings : An Account of Materiality and Meaning in Urban Outcomes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-137501.
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The dissertation explores the roles of buildings in urban social life. Buildings, as both a methodological tool and a research site, are valuable for understanding society. As a method, buildings allow access to various urban contexts. As a research site, the material and the social are integrated, where buildings and society are shown in continual construction. The overarching case shows how a new building type is born in a society and what buildings do, as both materiality and meaning, to help bring about outcomes. The study follows a single building type through history and analytical levels in the city of Santiago, Chile where three empirical studies emerge. The first traces a process of late 19th century urbanization to show the entrance of new residential building types into a city and how the physical and social landscape is reshaped in the process, emphasizing how one urban form emerges and is defined. Intercontinental connections bring new architecture and new language, stabilizing the link between form and name in the city. The resulting spectrum of buildings within the type shows how the diversity of residents shapes material outcomes. As the new buildings become fixed in the urban landscape, so too do social categories. How buildings change definitions both between and within societies, as well as start to take on meanings, is explored. Once definitions and form are established, the following studies explore the roles of the buildings in contemporary urban life. Photos analysis is employed to examine uses of shared space (a patio) in a residential building where buildings are theorized as material structures that contribute to patterned activities. It addresses how the building creates opportunities for observed everyday uses of private collective space. Using published comparison cases demonstrates that practices appear to differ between buildings of the same type when income of residents differs. It is hypothesized that opportunity is created not by the existence of the space per se, but by its gated enclosure, which separates the public street from the private space. The building is understood as a bound that simultaneously fosters interaction and exclusion. In addition, activities in these spaces, over time, contribute to new cultural understandings of the building type, showing how use can generate meaning. The last empirical study examines the reuse of residential buildings for commercial purposes in one neighborhood. The goal is to illuminate roles buildings play in contemporary neighborhood transformations. Rather than understanding transformation through reuse itself, modes of material conversions are examined. The differences between older conversions and newer ones in the area highlight the role of visible characteristics in the newly reused buildings. The material maintenance of residential facades on new conversions locks in the visual of a residential neighborhood, where intended function is built into form, even under commercial reuse. This is valuable in line with a constructed narrative about the place that focuses on the past. The building type under investigation is further redefined as reused buildings take on visual and spatial similarities to housing models from a past era that were not involved in changes in the neighborhood, but appear as if they were. This study relies on participant observation and analysis of marketing materials, as well as other documentary sources.
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Bouali-Messahel, Mounia. "Types d’habitat et formes d’alternances saisonnières de l’habiter mozabite oasien : l’exemple de Béni Isguen." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100158.
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Les oasis de la vallée du M’Zab en Algérie, inscrites au patrimoine mondial de l’humanité, présentent une architecture et une morphologie urbaine exceptionnelles. Elles ont légitimement attiré depuis longtemps aussi bien l’attention des voyageurs, que celle des chercheurs et des aménageurs. Une particularité reste cependant largement méconnue : le mode de vie et l’habitat des Mozabites, qui se sont constitués en fonction des variations saisonnières. Aujourd’hui, l’opposition systématique entre la taddart dans les ksour et le akham dans les palmeraies est remise en cause par une urbanisation accélérée, une poussée démographique et un effacement progressif du rythme des saisons dans les déplacements domestiques et urbains. Si aujourd’hui la désignation des deux types d’habitat est toujours d’actualité, qu’en est-il de leurs caractéristiques formelles et de leurs modes d’habiter ? Ce travail se propose d’étudier l’évolution des inscriptions tant physiques que sociales de ces variations saisonnières dans les types d’habitat et la forme urbaine de l’oasis de Beni Isguen, l’une des cinq oasis de la pentapole de la vallée du M’ZabThe M'Zab Valley oases in Algeria, listed as World Heritage has an exceptional architecture and urban morphology. It has caught legitimately and for a long time the travelers’ attention, as well as researchers and urban planners. However, a special feature remains largely unknown: the role of seasonal variations in the Mozabites way of life and habitat. Nowadays, the accelerated urbanization, the population growth and the gradual erosion of the seasonal rhythm in the domestic and urban movements challenge the systematic opposition between the taddart – the winter habitat of the ksour – and the akham – the summer habitat of the palm groves. This research aims to study the evolution of the physical and social inscriptions of these seasonal variations in the habitat types and the urban morphology of the Béni Isguen oasis, one of the five oases of the M’Zab Valley pentapolis
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Foti, Ludovic. "Évaluation des effets de la pression urbaine sur la qualité des sols de la région Île-de-France sous deux types de végétations (pelouses et bois)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066481/document.
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Dans un monde où plus de la moitié de la population mondiale vit en ville, les espaces verts constituent une composante fondamentale du paysage urbain car ils fournissent de nombreux services environnementaux (e.g. purification de l'air et de l'eau, filtrage du vent et du bruit, atténuation de l’îlot de chaleur urbain), mais également des services sociaux et psychologiques (e.g. développement des liens sociaux, réduction du stress) qui revêtent une importance cruciale pour l'habitabilité des villes modernes et le bien-être des citadins. L’efficacité des services écologiques rendus par les espaces verts en ville dépend de la qualité de leur sol et de leur fonctionnement général, et des conditions abiotiques et biotiques dans lesquelles ils se trouvent. De nombreuses études ont mis en évidence l’impact direct et indirect des activités humaines sur les sols urbains. Les pressions anthropiques qu’ils subissent modifient d’une manière très complexe leurs caractéristiques, et impactent donc leur qualité. La qualité des sols urbains est donc aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur pour la durabilité des villes de demain. Le présent projet de thèse a ainsi cherché à évaluer les effets de la pression urbaine sur les composantes de la qualité des sols d’espaces verts publics de la région Île-de-France à travers l’utilisation d’un gradient de pression urbaine innovant, et selon deux usages de sols (pelouses et bois). Dans un deuxième temps, ce travail de thèse a également cherché à déterminer si la calorimétrie différentielle couplée à l’analyse infra-rouge gazeuse (DSC–EGA) était une méthode adaptée à l’évaluation de la qualité de la matière organique des sols (MOS) urbains, et sur une échelle régionale. Tous les sols sélectionnés dans ce projet de thèse sont classifiés comme AnthrosolIn a world where more than half of the world's population lives in cities, green spaces are a fundamental component of the urban landscape, providing many environmental services (e.g. air and water purification, wind and noise filtering, urban heat island attenuation), but also social and psychological services (e.g. development of social bonds, stress reduction) which are of crucial importance for the habitability of modern cities and the well-being of urban dwellers. The effectiveness of ecological services provided by green areas in the city depends on the quality of their soils and their general functioning, but also on the abiotic and biotic conditions in which they are located. Numerous studies have highlighted the direct and indirect impact of human activities on urban soils. The anthropogenic pressures they undergo alter their characteristics in a complex way, thus affecting their quality. Urban soil quality is therefore a major challenge for the sustainability of the cities of tomorrow. This thesis project sought to assess the urban pressure effects on the soil quality components of the Paris region public green spaces through the use of an innovative urban pressure gradient, and according to two land-use types (lawns and woods). Secondly, this work also sought to determine whether differential scanning calorimetry coupled with evolved gaz analyzer (DSC–EGA) was a suitable method for assessing the organic matter of urban soils (SOM), and on a regional scale. All soils selected in this thesis project are classified as Anthrosol
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Sukupová, Kristína. "Mestská zeleň a inštitucionálny rámec jej zabezpečovania." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113947.
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The thesis Urban green spaces and its institutional framework attempts to analyze different cases of urban green spaces foundation and administration in which various public and private entities act. Based on these foundations it tries to come with an overview of the most important forms of provision of greenery in cities. Through research of available literature we came to the understanding that greenery in urban environments is not just a result of municipal service provided by a public authority but to its foundation, administration, financing and maintenance contribute also other entities. The overview created in the thesis is not exhaustive but can serve as an inspiration for various subjects at a time when local public authorities do not have sufficient resources to ensure satisfactory range and quality of public green.
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Mancheno, Gren Ana. "Exploring Typologies, Densities & Spatial Qualities : The Case of Low-Income Housing in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4073.
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This thesis focuses on problems that have resulted from the increasing pressure facing urban and suburban land use in South Africa, brought on by a number of different factors including the political and historical background of the country, as well as by rapid urbanization. The objective of this thesis is to present the perspectives applied in the analysis of the built environment in selected case studies, in which different theoretical and methodological approaches have been developed to address the research questions. The empirical part of this thesis consists of four case studies, in which selected low-income housing projects are analyzed from a perspective of how to facilitate higher densities. A central question addressed is whether the provision of housing structures built at higher densities, maintain, improve, or aggravate spatial qualities; and whether the application of these types of projects can be considered as possible alternatives to address the problem of urban sprawl in South Africa. The study finds that the house types analyzed address the density dimension of urban sprawl, thus reducing the amount of land consumed. There is room for increasing densities and overall urban land use efficiency, to which the housing types analyzed in this study may contribute. This implies that cities such as Cape Town and Johannesburg, which suffer from urban sprawl, have the possibility to grow in terms of population without having to expand further in terms of land use. The analysis of spatial qualities shows the studied types maintain positive spatial qualities, and have the possibility of increasing living standards. Nevertheless, a number of other dimensions need to be included when addressing urban sprawl conditions, in order to consider the possibility of replicating these housing types. Furthermore, this study advances approaches in terms of methodologies and concepts applied, which aim to contribute to an increased understanding of the current knowledge in the housing and urban planning fields focusing on questions of urban sprawl in generalQC 20100909
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Jarlegård, Hanna, and Bastien Lacombe. "Trygga torg : En studie av torg ur ett trygghetsperspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252783.
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Trygghetsarbete ärnågot som både statliga myndigheter och kommuner intresserar sig för. Kommunernämner gärna i sina översiktsplaner att trygghetsfrämjande åtgärder ska vidtasoch att områden ska utvecklas med hänsyn till tryggheten. Hur dettatrygghetsarbete tar sig form i den fysiska miljön är mindre tydligt och syftetmed denna studie har således varit att ta fram aspekter som går att arbeta medför att främja trygghet. Dessa aspekter har sedan använts för att analyseratorg i Stockholm stad, Nacka kommun och Vaxholm stad för att se hur väl torgensvarar mot dessa aspekter. Aspekterna som tagits fram med hjälp av enlitteraturstudie och den fallstudie som har utförts har sedan legat till grundför att ta fram tips för hur trygga torg kan utformas.Litteraturstudien ledde till att fem aspekter av stor betydelse för trygghetentogs fram: närhet till andra människor, synlighet och överblickbarhet,belysning, grönska och skötsel av allmän plats. Inget av de torg som omfattadesav fallstudien uppnådde samtliga trygghetsaspekter, men vissa uppfyllde fler änandra. Utöver de slutsatser som har dragits kring vilka aspekter som är trygghetsfrämjandeså ledde studien till slutsatser kring vilka torg som uppfyller vilka aspekter.Slutligen ledde studien fram till konkreta förbättringsförslag för trygghetenpå de torg som fallstudien omfattade och handfasta tips för hur torg kanutformas med hänsyn till trygghetWorking with perceived safety is something that both government agencies and municipalities are interested in. Municipalities gladly mention in their general plans that perceived safety actions is something that should be prioritised and that new areas should be developed with regard to the perceived safety. Exactly how these perceived safety actions takes shape in the physical environment is less clear and the purpose has thus been to identify aspects that are possible to work with and that promotes the perceived safety. The identified aspects have then been used to analyse squares in Stockholm stad, Nacka kommun and Vaxholm stad to see how well these places correspond to the these aspects. Tips on how squares that are perceived as safe was then formulated based on the case study and the aspects that was identified in the literature study.The literature study led to the identification of five aspects with great significance to the perceived safety: closeness to other people, visibility and overview, lightning, greenery and maintenance of public space. None of the observed squares fulfill all the aspects, but some fulfill more than others. Other than the conclusions that were drawn concerning which aspects that are promoting for the perceived safety, the study also led to conclusions regarding which squares that fulfill which aspects. Finally the study led to improvement-proposals for perceived safety on the squares of the case study and concrete tips on how squares can be designed with regard to perceived safety.
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Moura, Ivanaldo Ribeiro de [UNESP]. "Arborização urbana: estudo das praças do bairro centro de Teresina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95665.
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moura_ir_me_rcla.pdf: 2114003 bytes, checksum: 6c9a86922ae93437183f1a5484375d4a (MD5)A cidade é o lugar dos seres humanos. É nesse lugar que encontramos vivendo hoje a maioria das pessoas. É nas cidades que temos as maiores alterações na paisagem, e essas alterações geralmente comprometem a qualidade de vida. A supressão do verde das plantas é uma característica marcante nesse espaço. O presente trabalho procura pesquisar sobre a arborização urbana, dando um maior enfoque nas praças do bairro Centro de Teresina. Tem como objetivo identificar a diversidade vegetal arbórea, considerando a opinião de algumas pessoas sobre a importância da arborização das praças em sua vida. Esta pesquisa está dividida em três etapas distintas. A primeira etapa caracterizou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o processo de formação das cidades, especialmente da capital do Piauí, e a importância da arborização para a qualidade de vida nos espaços urbanos. Na segunda etapa foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo para identificação e contagem das espécies vegetais encontradas nas praças do bairro Centro de Teresina. Na terceira fase da pesquisa foram aplicados questionários que serviram para obter a opinião de alguns freqüentadores das praças sobre a importância das árvores encontradas nesses logradouros públicos. Durante o trabalho foram discutidos muitos termos e conceitos utilizados para definir os espaços livres urbanos, o que mostra que ainda não existe um consenso entre os estudantes, pesquisadores e administradores públicos no que se refere à terminologia desses espaços. A pesquisa mostrou que as árvores fornecem diversos benefícios para os ambientes urbanos, estes geralmente muito alterados e degradados. Também é importante salientar sobre os diversos usos e funções das praças na malha urbana, onde o encontro foi destacado como o principal uso feito pelas pessoas que vivem nos espaços urbanos
The city is the place of human beings. This is where we find most people living today. It is in cities that we have the largest changes in the landscape, and these changes often compromise the quality of life. The suppression of green plants is a distinguishing feature in this space. This current paper tries to research on urban trees, giving a greater focus on the squares of the district center of Teresina. Aims to identify woody plant diversity, considering the opinion of some people about the importance of afforestation of squares in your life. This research is divided into three distinct stages. The first stage was characterized by the literature on the process of formation of cities, especially in the capital of Piaui, and the importance of afforestation for the quality of life in urban spaces. In the second stage was conducted field research to identify and count plant species found in the streets of the district center of Teresina. In the view of some patrons of the squares on the importance of trees found in these public places. During the work were discussed many terms and concepts used to define urban spaces, which shows that there is still no consensus among students, researchers and public administrators regarding the terminology of these spaces. Research has shown that trees provide many benefits to urban environments, these usually much altered and degraded. It is also important to note about the various uses and functions of the squares on the urban environment, where the meeting was highlighted as the main use made by people living in urban areas
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Davis, John Robert. "The development of patterns of physical recreation in different types of urban community in the second half of the nineteenth century : with particular reference to Worcestershire and the West Midlands." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292590.
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Moura, Ivanaldo Ribeiro de. "Arborização urbana : estudo das praças do bairro centro de Teresina /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95665.
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Orientador: Sandra Elisa Contri PittonBanca: Ana Tereza Caceres Cortez
Banca: Roseana Correa Grilo
Resumo: A cidade é o lugar dos seres humanos. É nesse lugar que encontramos vivendo hoje a maioria das pessoas. É nas cidades que temos as maiores alterações na paisagem, e essas alterações geralmente comprometem a qualidade de vida. A supressão do verde das plantas é uma característica marcante nesse espaço. O presente trabalho procura pesquisar sobre a arborização urbana, dando um maior enfoque nas praças do bairro Centro de Teresina. Tem como objetivo identificar a diversidade vegetal arbórea, considerando a opinião de algumas pessoas sobre a importância da arborização das praças em sua vida. Esta pesquisa está dividida em três etapas distintas. A primeira etapa caracterizou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o processo de formação das cidades, especialmente da capital do Piauí, e a importância da arborização para a qualidade de vida nos espaços urbanos. Na segunda etapa foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo para identificação e contagem das espécies vegetais encontradas nas praças do bairro Centro de Teresina. Na terceira fase da pesquisa foram aplicados questionários que serviram para obter a opinião de alguns freqüentadores das praças sobre a importância das árvores encontradas nesses logradouros públicos. Durante o trabalho foram discutidos muitos termos e conceitos utilizados para definir os espaços livres urbanos, o que mostra que ainda não existe um consenso entre os estudantes, pesquisadores e administradores públicos no que se refere à terminologia desses espaços. A pesquisa mostrou que as árvores fornecem diversos benefícios para os ambientes urbanos, estes geralmente muito alterados e degradados. Também é importante salientar sobre os diversos usos e funções das praças na malha urbana, onde o encontro foi destacado como o principal uso feito pelas pessoas que vivem nos espaços urbanos
Abstract: The city is the place of human beings. This is where we find most people living today. It is in cities that we have the largest changes in the landscape, and these changes often compromise the quality of life. The suppression of green plants is a distinguishing feature in this space. This current paper tries to research on urban trees, giving a greater focus on the squares of the district center of Teresina. Aims to identify woody plant diversity, considering the opinion of some people about the importance of afforestation of squares in your life. This research is divided into three distinct stages. The first stage was characterized by the literature on the process of formation of cities, especially in the capital of Piaui, and the importance of afforestation for the quality of life in urban spaces. In the second stage was conducted field research to identify and count plant species found in the streets of the district center of Teresina. In the view of some patrons of the squares on the importance of trees found in these public places. During the work were discussed many terms and concepts used to define urban spaces, which shows that there is still no consensus among students, researchers and public administrators regarding the terminology of these spaces. Research has shown that trees provide many benefits to urban environments, these usually much altered and degraded. It is also important to note about the various uses and functions of the squares on the urban environment, where the meeting was highlighted as the main use made by people living in urban areas
Mestre
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Weber, Nicole [Verfasser], Dagmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Haase, Tobia [Akademischer Betreuer] Lakes, and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Franck. "Using landscape metrics to assess traffic noise, air pollution and temperature conditions : traffic noise, airborne particles and surface temperatures of urban structure types in Leipzig / Nicole Weber. Gutachter: Dagmar Haase ; Tobia Lakes ; Ulrich Franck." Berlin : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070906220/34.
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Delarc, Morgane. "Une immersion dans le projet "Réinventons nos places" à Paris (Places des Fêtes, de la Nation et de la Bastille) : une analyse de situations de travail et de productions de connaissances au sein des services de la Ville de Paris." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1089/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les évolutions de pratiques et de savoirs au sein des services de la Ville de Paris, en entrant par un grand projet d’espaces publics parisien : « Réinventons nos places ». En s’appuyant plus particulièrement sur trois réaménagements de places publiques (Place des Fêtes, Place de la Nation et Place de la Bastille), elle a souhaité observer des situations de travail au sein de ce projet. Elle vise ainsi à analyser l’adaptation des professionnels à divers défis posés par la Mairie de Paris dans ce cadre (intégration du genre dans un projet d’espace public, objets numériques, nouvelles temporalités dans les processus de projet et de gestion des espaces...). L’étude de cette adaptation des services « en situation de travail » conduit à décrire, pour partie, des processus de productions de connaissances théoriques et/ou pratiques dans un contexte situé. In fine, la Mairie de Paris à travers des modifications apportées progressivement au travail, aux schémas d’acteurs et aux objectifs du projet, semble vouloir construire un «nouveau modèle» d’aménagement des espaces publics. Nous étudions une première étape de cette construction, au cours de laquelle les ingénieurs et les architectes de la Ville s’adaptent et participent à travers, notamment, la construction et la traduction de ces objets encore inconnus à un territoire spécifique et à un contexte qu’ils connaissent : les espaces publics à ParisThe aim of this thesis is to observe the evolution of the specific knowledge and practices of the City of Paris’ technical services and this, through the example of an ambitious Parisian urban development project called “Réinventons nos places”. The study focuses on the professional activities performed in the development of three public squares (Place des Fêtes, Place de la Nation, and Place de la Bastille), with the purpose to see how the specialists adapted themselves to the various challenges offered by the City council (for instance, to take into account : the Gender in the development of a public space, digital objects, innovation in project management and in the way of managing space)... To examine this process “in a work situation” will lead us, for example, to describe the way these specialists will assimilate new knowledge and know-how in this particular context. Ultimately, the City Council, when progressively adapting the work and the work organization of the various actors, as well as the project goawls themselves, seems to be aiming at the creation of a “new model”, a new way of developing public spaces. We are going to examine the first step within this new way, in which engineers and architects have to reconsider their habits in order to meet new demands – they do this, notably, by making still unknown objects and by fitting them into both a specific area and a background they know well : Paris’ public spaces
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Månsson, Martin. "Patterns and predictability of visual attention in different street types : An eye tracking study exploring the predictability of the distribution of human visual attention based on the spatial arrangements of buildings in a two-dimensional plan." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14564.
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Streets are the most resilient elements in a city. While buildings are replaced and property borders redrawn, the streets remain. The primary means of planning new streets and the built environment surrounding it is by the creation of a two-dimensional plan - in a Swedish context called a detailed development plan. The two-dimensional plan is sometimes criticized for its inability to take the three-dimensional world into account and thus its inability to predict the actual outcome of the plan. To address this critique and provide additional understanding for this planning device, this paper empirically explores if the distribution of visual attention can be predicted from a two-dimensional plan. Visual attention is explored due to sight being the most prominent means used by humans to gather information in the urban environment. Fifteen subjects performed a simple, computerized eye-tracking experiment, whereby their visual attention was measured as they looked at 40 images on a monitor. The 40 images depicts four different street types: blocked, open, curved and angled, each of which was represented with a simple figure image, as per interpretation from a two-dimensional plan, as well as a photograph of the same environment, representing the actual outcome of the plan. The results show that the simple figure images have effective predictive capabilities, as the distribution of visual attention exhibited a similar pattern in both the figure image and the photograph. The results also show that different patterns of visual attention are evoked by each of the four different street types. In sum, the results indicate that two-dimensional plans are able to predict the future three-dimensional outcome of a given plan in terms of visual attention. These indications are valuable for planners, architects, engineers and decision-makers when planning for new urban environments. The results are also valuable for understanding human perception of streets in a wider context.
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Lelkes, Ivana. "Veřejná prostranství města Brna - teoretická práce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216193.
Full textAbstract:
Master´s thesis adresses the issue of public spaces of inner city of Brno. These spaces have good prerequisities to become attractive places for everyday use or for spending a good free time. These prerequsities include for example compact city structure, well defined public spaces, walking city distances, presence of public and commercial facilities and distinctive genius loci. But public spaces in these localities often do not fulfill their own potential and stay as average free space inbetween buildings. Thesis suggests a detailed system for categorisation of squares and streets in the inner city of Brno and examines the reasons for potential non-fulfillment on these typologies, it tries to find out the problems of public spaces and how they can be solved.
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Azari, Elahe. "Quels types d'éco-quartiers pour l'Iran ? : recherche sur la faisabilité des écoquartiers en Iran : application à l'étude de la création et construction d'un écoquartier en campagne de Téhéran et ses effets sur les citoyens et leurs modes de vie : Téhéran-Hashtgerd." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH016/document.
Full textAbstract:
Un écoquartier est un quartier qui réduit les consommations d’énergie en utilisant les énergies renouvelables ; mettant en valeur des déplacements doux ; limitant la production des déchets et l’utilisation d’eau ; intervenant aussi sur les choix des matériaux de construction utilisés et dont les chantiers mêmes peuvent faire l'objet d'une attention particulière. Le développement des écoquartiers est très récent dans le monde occidental, et n’a connu que peu d’applications par ailleurs. Un pays comme l’Iran n’a pas encore intégré de réflexions précises portant sur les écoquartiers et leurs développements ; alors même qu’il est en train d’entrer dans une nouvelle étape de son développement qui se caractérise par la montée des préoccupations de développement durable, et une concentration sur le sujet de l’énergie renouvelable, en parallèle à l’augmentation de l’alphabétisation des citoyens. Notre recherche sur la construction et l’intégration des écoquartiers dans un pays comme l’Iran, intégrant ses aspects sociaux, économiques et urbains. D’un côté nous cherchons à savoir si les habitants ont des esprits ouverts pour s’alphabétiser et accepter ces contraintes dans leur ville et d’un autre côté nous allons voir différents types d’écoquartiers, afin de chercher à préciser quels types d’écoquartier et de logements durables sont possibles en Iran. Ainsi, notre projet est de faire une recherche qui porte sur l’acceptabilité et la faisabilité des écoquartiers adaptés au monde iranien, et dont les résultats pourraient sinon révolutionner au moins guider la conception urbanistique des villes en IranWe enter in the new level of urban planning that promotes eco-district, which is part of the objective of sustainable development and reduction of the ecological footprint, usually associated with a strong involvement of residents. Recall that an eco-district is a district that reduces energy consumption by using renewable energy; highlights gentle movements; limit the production of waste and the use of resources such as water; also involved in the choice of building materials.The development of eco-neighborhoods is very recent in the Western world, and has seen little application elsewhere. A country like Iran has not yet integrated accurate reflection on eco-neighborhoods and their development, even though it is now entering a new stage of sustainable development. Our project is to research and focus on the acceptability and feasibility of eco-neighborhoods which are adapted to the Iranian world, and whose results could revolutionize, or at least to change the urban design of cities in Iran. In a first point we briefly consider the general problem of the eco-district, before dealing in second place this issue in the context of Iran and, more specifically Tehran ; for final question the feasibility of eco sustainable neighborhoods in Iran