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1

GRIG, LUCY. "Cities in the ‘long’ Late Antiquity, 2000–2012 – a survey essay." Urban History 40, no. 3 (March 19, 2013): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926813000369.

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ABSTRACT:This essay surveys major themes and developments in the recent study of late antique urbanism. First, re-evaluations of the late phase of classical urbanism are discussed, whereby a simple narrative of ‘decline’ has been replaced by a much more chronologically and geographically nuanced picture. The importance of regional, indeed local, specificity is stressed, with different areas of the ancient world experiencing often radically different urban trajectories. Key aspects of late antique urbanism are considered, including the relationship between town and country, economic urban life, political versus social and religious urban history, before concluding with consideration of areas where future research is particularly needed.
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Strasser, Thomas F., Walter E. Aufrecht, Neil A. Mirau, and Steven W. Gauley. "Aspects of Urbanism in Antiquity: From Mesopotamia to Crete." American Journal of Archaeology 103, no. 1 (January 1999): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506624.

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3

Sekunda, Nicholas Victor. "Nearchus the Cretan and the Foundation of Cretopolis." Anatolian Studies 47 (December 1997): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642908.

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The clarification of when and in what circumstances the various Hellenistic cities of Pisidia were founded is an important undertaking. Through the microcosm of Pisidia, such study throws valuable light upon the way in which Anatolia became hellenized. Pisidia is especially important because at the beginning of the Hellenistic period the Pisidians were hardly touched by either hellenism or urbanism. They were bellicose raiders who constituted a threat to their more urbanised neighbours. Many of the cities of Hellenistic Pisidia seem to have been established with the deliberate intention of pacifying the region.In a recent issue of Anatolian Studies Stephen Mitchell dealt with, among others, the Pisidian city of Cretopolis. Cretopolis is of interest for several reasons, in particular because it seems to be one of the earliest military foundations of the Hellenistic period, and because the name informs us that the city was settled by Cretans. Cretans were frequently employed as mercenaries throughout the Hellenistic period, but in antiquity, as in more recent periods, Cretans made very reluctant colonists. There are very few individual Cretans attested as colonists in Egypt or elsewhere, and very few attested Cretan colonies indeed.
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Courault, Christopher. "Lorsque les murailles sont attaquées... par l’érosion. Quelques indices archéologiques sur les solutions apportées durant l’antiquité à Cordoue." REUDAR. European Journal of Roman Architecture 1 (December 1, 2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/reudar.v1i0.10167.

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Erosion was a real problem for damage edifice in long term, and Roman people knew this fact, as Vitruve and Frontin ilustrated. There is not much investigation about erosion, due to the difficulties concerning the identification of the relationship between the erosion process and reparation acts during an emergency archaeological excavation. However, Cordoba presents particular interest within the investigation of its City Wall during the Antiquity. Certain aspects have not been considered yet by investigation, reason by which Cordoba offers some interesting clues to understand how Roman citizens protected their urbanism against erosion.
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Rabinowitz, Dan, and Daniel Monterescu. "RECONFIGURING THE “MIXED TOWN”: URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF ETHNONATIONAL RELATIONS IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 2 (May 2008): 195–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743808080513.

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Studies of Middle Eastern urbanism have traditionally been guided by a limited repertoire of tropes, many of which emphasize antiquity, confinement, and religiosity. Notions of the old city, the walled city, the casbah, the native quarter, and the medina, sometimes subsumed in the quintessential “Islamic city,” have all been part of Western scholarship's long-standing fascination with the region. Etched in emblematic “holy cities” like Jerusalem, Mecca, or Najaf, Middle Eastern urban space is heavily associated with the “sacred,” complete with mystical visions and assumptions of violent eschatologies and redemption.
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Humphries, Mark. "Cities and the Meanings of Late Antiquity." Brill Research Perspectives in Ancient History 2, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 1–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425374-12340006.

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Abstract The last half century has seen an explosion in the study of late antiquity, largely prompted by the influence of the works of Peter Brown. This new scholarship has characterised the period between the third and seventh centuries not as one of catastrophic collapse, but rather as one of dynamic and positive transformation. Where observers formerly had seen only a bleak picture of decline and fall, a new generation of scholars preferred to emphasise how the Roman Empire evolved into the new polities, societies, and cultures of the medieval West, Byzantium, and Islam. Yet research on the fortunes of cities in this period has provoked challenges to this increasingly accepted positive picture of late antiquity and has prompted historians to speak once more in terms that evoke Edward Gibbon’s History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. This study surveys the nature of the current debate, examining problems associated with the sources historians use to examine late-antique urbanism, as well as the discourses and methodological approaches they have constructed from them. It aims to set out the difficulties and opportunities presented by the study of cities in late antiquity, how understanding the processes affecting them has issued challenges to the scholarly orthodoxy on late antiquity, and how the evidence suggests that this transitional period witnessed real upheaval and dislocation alongside continuity and innovation in cities around the Mediterranean.
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Lavan, Luke. "FORA AND AGORAI IN MEDITERRANEAN CITIES DURING THE 4TH AND 5TH C. A.D." Late Antique Archaeology 3, no. 1 (2006): 193–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000044.

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This article reviews the nature of fora and agorai during the late 3rd–5th c. A.D., and investigates the material appearance and everyday functions of these spaces. It revises the thesis of T. Potter’s Towns in Late Antiquity, through drawing upon a wider range of archaeological evidence and literary sources, which provide vivid details about everyday activities. It is argued that in many cities, especially in the East, fora/agorai were still monumental public squares with familiar public functions, and that the definitive eclipse of civic plazas, departing from earlier models of Mediterranean urbanism, comes later than has often been thought, in the 6th and 7th c.
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8

Burgel, Guy. "Atenas, o olimpismo à guisa de urbanismo." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2004): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2004v6n1p69.

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Os Jogos Olímpicos de 2004 marcaram o coroamento de uma nova era iniciada na capital grega há mais de um quarto de século. O retorno a uma democracia reforçada, a vinculação à Europa política, a consciência da responsabilidade internacional assumida no Mediterrâneo oriental, nos Bálcãs e no vasto mundo através da marinha grega, confirmam Atenas em seu destino de “cidade global”. Para além da funcionalidade com relação à natureza das provas esportivas ou o desenrolar das festividades, a escolha dos sítios olímpicos respondeu a uma vontade estratégica afirmada sobre a totalidade do espaço da região urbana e a um desejo de reconversão geral das infra-estruturas após os Jogos. O presente texto mostra que, mais do que em Barcelona, onde o direcionamento da cidade para seu porto foi o grande evento dos anos 90, a mutação aqui engajada é mais fundamental, posto que Atenas, capital continental, não foi jamais uma cidade litorânea: desde a Antiguidade, o Pireu e suas bacias contribuintes constituem uma entrada marítima descentrada e a vocação da costa foi sempre mais balneária do que verdadeiramente urbana.Palavras-chave: Atenas; olimpíadas; urbanismo. Abstract: The 2004 Olympic Games marked the top of a new era opened at the Greek capital twenty five years ago. The reestablishment of a reinforced democracy, the attachment to Europe, the consciousness of its international responsibility at the East Mediterranean region, at the Balkans and around the world through its merchant marine, affirm Athens in its route to a “global city”. Besides the issue of functionality regarding the competitions and celebrations, the choice of the Olympic sites responded to a strategic will of reconverting the infra-structures after the Games in the benefit of the whole urban region. This article shows that, more than in Barcelona, where the city’s move towards the harbor was the main event of the 90s‘, the change in Athens has been more fundamental, since this continental capital has never been a coastal city: since the Antiquity, the Pireu and its basins constituted a maritime entry and the vocation of the coast has ever been more balneary than truly urban.Keywords: Athens; olympic games; urbanism.
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Murer, Cristina. "From the Tombs into the City: Grave Robbing and the Reuse of Funerary Spolia in Late Antique Italy." Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia 30 (March 20, 2019): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/acta.6868.

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Archaeological evidence demonstrates that funerary spoil (e.g. sarcophagus lids, funerary altars, epitaphs, reliefs, and statues) were frequently reused to decorate the interiors of public and private buildings from the third to the sixth century. Therefore, the marble revetments of high imperial tombs must have been spoliated. Imperial edicts, which tried to stamp part the overly common practice of tomb plundering, confirm that the social practice of tomb plundering must have been far more frequent in late antiquity than in previous periods. This paper discusses the reuse of funerary spoil in privet and public buildings from Latium and Campania and contextualizes them by examining legal sources addressing tomb violation. Furthermore, this study considers the extent to which the social practice of tomb plundering and the reuse of funerary material in late antiquity can be connected with larger urbanist, sociohistorical, and political transformations of Italian cityscapes from the third to the sixth century.
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Ritter, Stefan, Sami Ben Tahar, Jörg W. E. Fassbinder, and Lena Lambers. "Landscape archaeology and urbanism at Meninx: results of geophysical prospection on Jerba (2015)." Journal of Roman Archaeology 31 (2018): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104775941800137x.

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This paper presents the results of the geophysical prospection conducted at the site of Meninx (Jerba) in 2015. This was the first step in a Tunisian-German project (a cooperation between the Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunis, and the Institut für Klassische Archäologie der Ludwig-Maximilans-Universität München), the aim of which is to shed light on the urban history of the most important city on the island of Jerba in antiquity.Meninx, situated on the SE shore of the island (fig. 1), was the largest city on Jerba during the Roman Empire and eponymous for the island's name in antiquity. The outstanding importance of this seaport derived from the fact that it was one of the main production centers of purple dye in the Mediterranean. With the earliest secure evidence dating to at least the Hellenistic period, Meninx saw a magnificent expansion in the 2nd and 3rd c. A.D. It was inhabited until the 7th c. when the city was finally abandoned.
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de Noronha Vaz, Eric, Mário Caetano, and Peter Nijkamp. "Trapped between antiquity and urbanism – a multi-criteria assessment model of the greater Cairo Metropolitan area." Journal of Land Use Science 6, no. 4 (December 2011): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423x.2010.519059.

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12

Remizova, Olena, and Natalya Novak. "Dialogue of epochs in postmodern urban planning concepts of the late ХХth and early ХХIst centuries." Budownictwo i Architektura 17, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_07.

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The postmodern architecture of the last third of the XX century saw a steady tendency of appealing to classical heritage aimed at combining modern technologies and historical associations with classical architecture. The work considers postmodern urban planning concepts of the late XX-the beginning of ХХI centuries. Methods of interpreting the order system in the architecture of postmodernism are analyzed by comparing such theoretical concepts as R. Bofi ll›s industrial classicism, the new urbanism of L. and R. Krier, the theory of the city by Aldo Rossi. Architects postmodernists searching for sense and architectural language began to address to the historical past, using signs and images of classical architecture. Leaders of postmodern movement, trying to return to architecture the «eternal values» lost by modernism, opened a way for new creative searches and transformation of the order system elements. Its representatives were attracted by the «double code» of the order architecture, which allowed to solve complex town-planning problems. Postmodernism declared the idea of «architecture parlante». The notion of «postmodern classicism» disguised the compositional search for dialogue with any classical epoch – antiquity, renaissance, baroque, classicism itself. The order language of these epochs, possessing a tremendous potential of utterance, allowed the architect to create all the new meanings and texts. The article discusses the change of semantic meanings occurring in modern urbanism, the interpretation of order compositions, the notion of «order tradition» and the expansion of the semantics of the order system in historical and cultural context. The article shows that the theory of postmodernism actualized the notion of «order tradition» and expanded the semantics of the order system by its application in modern city planning concepts.
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13

Elet, Yvonne. "Seats of Power: The Outdoor Benches of Early Modern Florence." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 444–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991868.

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Outdoor public seating is an intriguing and virtually unstudied element in the history of western architecture and urbanism. This article focuses on Florence in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, tracing the numerous stone benches that once existed on piazzas, streets, loggias, and palace façades throughout the city. More than simply utilitarian appendages, the benches were carefully integrated into the design of iconic urban spaces and building fronts, both civic and private. The study draws on abundant and varied primary source material: contemporary chronicles, histories, letters, poetry, statutes, etiquette books, and architectural treatises, which provide a wealth of information on the use and form of the benches. Together with Renaissance images recording Florentine daily life, the documents reveal a rich culture and vocabulary of alfresco bench-sitting by people of all ranks, from government officials to vagrants. I examine the design, sociopolitical functions, and urban context of the benches. I propose that benches were part of the Tuscan urbanistic model for a civic piazza, and show how in Florence, the civic piazza was configured with tiered seats, exploring formal and semiotic resonances with the tribunal, theater, and council hall. I explore the appearance of stone façade benches on private palaces in fifteenth-century Florence. This was in part a monumentalization of a vernacular element, but I also suggest that for the Medici and other patrician builders, the bench was a direct reference to the civic center. The palaces valorized the stone façade bench for domestic architecture and codified it as a common element of Renaissance palace typology. References to contemporary seating provisions of other Italian towns and to precedents in Roman antiquity and late-medieval Italy provide context for the Florentine innovations. The bench emerges as a versatile element, both functionally and semiotically, which provides new insight into representations of power through the social control of outdoor space, and expressions of political ideology in urbanistic and architectural forms.
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Pettegrew, David K. "Luca Zavagno, Cities in Transition: Urbanism in Byzantium between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (AD 500–900). (British Archaeological Reports International Series 2030.) Oxford: Archaeopress, 2009. Pp. v, 206; illustrations and maps. $100. ISBN: 9781407306070." Speculum 87, no. 2 (April 2012): 628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713412001777.

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15

Wilson, Andrew. "Water and Roman Urbanism: Towns, Waterscapes, Land Transformation and Experience in Roman Britain. By A. Rogers . Mnemosyne Supplements: History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity 355. Brill, Leiden, 2013. Pp. xi + 278, illus. Price: £105.00. isbn 978 90 04 24787 1." Britannia 45 (June 23, 2014): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x14000373.

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Miles, Richard. "Two works on urbanism in late-antique N Africa - GARETH SEARS, LATE ROMAN AFRICAN URBANISM: CONTINUITY AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE CITY (Archaeopress; British Archaeological Reports International Series 1693, Oxford2007). Pp. viii + 143, 3 maps, 27 figs. ISBN 978 1 407 301 31 0. £35. - ANNA LEONE, CHANGING TOWNSCAPES IN NORTH AFRICA FROM LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE ARAB CONQUEST (Munera: Studi storici sulla Tarda Antichità 28; Edipuglia, Bari2007). Pp. 358, figs. 71. ISBN 978-88-7118-498-8. EUR. 50." Journal of Roman Archaeology 23 (2010): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400003184.

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17

Lian, Yuanmei. "“Dans Venise la Rouge…” by A. de Musset – Ch. Gounod: the “Venetian text” in French chamber vocal music." Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, no. 21 (March 10, 2020): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.03.

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Introduction. The attitude to Venice as one of the most poetic and picturesque cities in the world is firmly established in artistic practice. The city appears multifaceted and contradictory in numerous literary works. It appears as a space of eternal carnival and an education center (C. Gozzi, C. Goldoni), a place of secret conspiracies, gloomy massacres (“Angelo, Tyrant of Padua” by V. Hugo), a dream, an earthly paradise (I. Kozlov, “Eugene Onegin” by A. Pushkin). But always Venice is a special place where antiquity is closely intertwined with youth (G. Byron, J. W. von Goethe, A. Chénier, A. de Musset, A. Apukhtin, A. Maykov, F. Tyutchev, J. Brodsky, and others). Literary and poetic Venetian cultural stratum was supplemented by artistic journalism – essays, sketches, travel notes of prominent representatives of Romanticism. Such a variety of material contributed to the formation of the image, the topos of Venice, myth of the city in artistic and creative practice. Numerous interpretations of the chosen theme in works of art form the “Venetian text” of art. This topic has not been fully embodied in the form of independent musicological research, despite the large number of works in European music that glorify Venice and need to be included in scientific and performing practice. Theoretical and methodology background. The theme of the city, urban text, urbanism in general is a very developed concept in various fields of modern science. The concept of “St. Petersburg text” has been affirmed in literary studies since the 1980s (V. Toporov, 1995). Such an artistic text (Y. Lotman, 1998) is not just a mirror of a real city, but a device that realizes the transition from visible reality to the inner meaning of things. Real objects, such as squares, waters, islands, gardens, buildings, monuments, people, history, ideas, are the “language” of the city. They act in the form of toponymical, landscape, historical and cultural, personal and biographical elements of urban space. On the one hand, they create the text of the city, on the other hand, they become a well-known code of the city, and generate artistic images. By analogy with the “St. Petersburg text” on the basis of the proposed methodology, in literary studies there were a number of works on “local” texts, including Venetian (N. Mednis, 1999, O. Soboleva, 2010, K. Sivkov, 2015, N. Ilchenko & I. Marinina, 2015 and others). The concept of the image of the city (V. Li, 1914, N. Antsiferov, 1991) is inextricably linked with the text in its semiotic meaning as a structured sign system. Due to the universality and comprehensiveness, concept “topos” in music can be used instead of “image”, “sphere”, and other musicological concepts (L. Kirillina, 2007). In modern musicology, there are very few systematic studies in this area. Apart from research on the topic of musical urbanism (L. Serebryakov, 1994. I. Barsova, 2000, L. Gakkel, 2006, I. Yakovleva, 2014, T. Bilalova, 2005, G. Zharova, 2009), there are almost no works on the topic of Venetia in music. Therefore, this area of research is relevant. Objective of the researching is to determine the features of the “Venetian text” in the chamber-vocal music by Ch. Gounod on the example of his romance “Venice” (on the poem by A. de Musset). Research results and conclusions. Ch. F. Gounod (1818–1893) became one of the first French composers to draw attention to the theme of the city of Venice in his chamber and vocal music. The romance “Venice” (1842) was written by him at the age of 24. At that time, the young author had been in Italy for two years as a scholarship holder of the prestigious Prix de Rome. Ch. Gounod documented his impressions of the trip in an autobiographical book – “Mémoires d’un Artiste” (1896). The romance is based on the poem by A. de Musset “Dans Venise la Rouge…” (1828). The artistic space of Venice is constructed due to a number of constant images, such as sea lagoon, gondola, bronze lion, old doge, mask, carnival, ladies, mirror, night date. Clearly read signs of the city are metaphors for certain emotional states, often binary, which are strongly associated in most art sources with Venice: anxiety, loneliness, senility, death and sensuality, eroticism, youth, carnival of life. A. de Musset’s text is transferred to the conditions of the chamber-vocal genre and undergoes radical changes. When comparing the two options – the poetic original and the text of the romance, it becomes clear their inconsistency from about the middle of the poem. The composer’s simplification of the textual side of the romance was caused by the refusal to mention the sculptural and architectural dominants of the city, color and chronological contrasts that are inherent in the topos of Venice. This softened the overall emotional mood, virtually freeing the text from the dominance of loneliness, emptiness, anxiety. In the text of “Venice” by Ch. Gounod’s, the topos of the city is revealed as a space of mystery and dreams, a fusion of divine nature and man-made beauty, the triumph of earthly love. The representative of the contrast is the music side of this romance. It brings that note of excitement, anxiety, which seems to clear the musical image of Venice from the excessive gloss of the poetic text. It makes him alive, trembling, proving, on the one hand, the inseparable connection of words and music in chamber-vocal genres; on the other hand, characterizing Ch. Gounod as the greatest master who possessed not only an exceptional melodic gift, but also a rare sense of musical harmony. The composer seems to be going from the opposite: wrapping the text, “major” in mood, in the frame of the minor key; using capricious harmonic juxtapositions, he makes the intonation of the romance take on different colors, like the playing of moon reflections on the water. And in this balancing on the verge of “majorminor”, “enlightenment-sadness”, the precariousness, fragility and paradoxicality of the Venetia city image are revealed. Thus, the music of the Ch. Gounod’s romance that appeals to the barcarole genre attributes, in the same time, is lyrical and disturbing. It perfectly reproduces the melancholy state that was familiar to young authors, both, the poet and the composer.
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Маркелов, Андрей Юрьевич. "ИЗ ИСТОРИИ РАСКОПОК МАВЗОЛЕЯ АВГУСТА." Археология Евразийских степей, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2020.5.151.158.

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В статье рассматривается история раскопок крупнейшей римской гробницы, а именно мавзолея императора Цезаря Августа. Основное внимание уделяется результатам недавних археологических работ и тому, как они повлияли на представление о памятнике. Гробница первого римского императора в пост-античную эпоху претерпела различные трансформации и неоднократные грабежи, в результате которых сильно пострадала. Памятнику находили практическое применение вплоть до 1930-х гг. За многовековую историю мавзолей использовали как каменоломню, крепость, которую не раз разрушали, виноградник, сад, амфитеатр для корриды, театр и концертный зал. Первые археологические работы на территории памятника проводились уже в XVI в. Именно с них начинается история исследования монумента и результаты, полученные тогда, до сих пор имеют большое значение для науки. На протяжении длительного времени после эпохи Ренессанса объект изучался только периодически, в связи с какими-либо строительными работами, проводившимися на его территории. Работы на памятнике активизируются с начала XX в. Масштабные раскопки состоялись в 1920-30-е гг. Их проведение диктовалось не научными целями: Бенито Муссолини стремился использовать римское наследие в своей пропаганде. Тем не менее, в результате проведенных работ мавзолей был не только освобожден от пост-античных наслоений, но полученные тогда результаты заложили современное представление о памятнике. Интерес к мавзолею возобновляется только через семьдесят лет. Непосредственным толчком было решение реконструировать мавзолей и площадь вокруг него. В результате раскопок, проведенных департаментом культурного наследия столицы Рима, были получены археологические данные, изменяющие взгляд на внешний облик монумента и позволяющие поставить точку в дискуссии по данному вопросу. Библиографические ссылки Agnoli N., Carnabuci E., Caruso G., Maria Loreti E. Il Mausoleo di Augusto. Recenti scavi e nuove ipotesi ricostruttive // Apoteosi. Da uomini a dei. Il Mausoleo di Adriano, Catalogo della Mostra / Eds. Abbondanza L., Coarelli F., Lo Sardo E. Roma: Munus, Palombi, 2014. P. 214–229. Albers J. Die letzte Ruhestätte des Augustus: Neue Forschungsergebnisse zum Augustusmausoleum // Antike Welt. 2014. №4. P. 16–24. Betti F. Il Mausoleo di Augusto. Metamorfosi di un monument // Mausoleo di Augusto. Demolizioni e scavi. Fotografi e 1928/1941 / Ed. F. Betti. Milano: Electa, 2011. P. 20–41. Borg B. Roman Tombs and the Art of Commemoration: Contextual Approaches to Funerary Customs in the Second Century CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 368 p. Boschung D. Tumumuls Iuliorum – Mausoleum Augusti // Hefte des Archäologischen Seminars der Universität Bern. 1980. №6. S. 38–41. Buchner E. Ein Kanal für Obelisken vom Mausoleum des Augustus in Rom // Antike Welt. Vol. 27. №3. S. 161–168. Carnabucci E., Agnoli N., Maria Loreti E. Mausoleo di Augusto. 2012. URL: http://www.fastionline.org/excavation/micro_view.php?fst_cd=AIAC_2307&curcol=sea_cd-AIAC_4480. Дата обращения 30.05.2020 Coletti C.M., Naria Loreti E. Piazza Augusto Imperatore, excavations 2007–2011: the late antiquetransformations // MAAR. 2016. № 61. P. 304−325. Collini M. A., Ciglioli G.Q. Relazione della prima campagna di scavo nel Mausoleo di Augusto // BCom.1926. №54. Р. 191−237. Davies P.J.E. Death and the Emperor: Roman Funerary Monuments from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 256 p. Diebner S. Tombs and Funerary Monuments // A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic / Ed. J. DeRose Evans. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. P. 67−80. Fugate Brangers S. L. Political Propaganda and Archaeology: The Mausoleum of Augustus in the Fascist Era // International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2013. № 3. Р. 126–135. Fugate Brangers S. L. The mausoleum of Augustus: expanding meaning from its inception to present day. PhD diss. Louissville, 2007. 220 p. Gatti G. Nuove osservazioni sul Mausoleo di Augusto // L'Urbe 1938. № 3. P. 1–17. Giglioli, G.Q. and A. M. Colini. II Mausoleo d'Augusto. Milan and Rome: Bestetti e Tumminelli, 1930. 51 p. Hase Salto M. A. von «L'augusteo» Das Augustusmausoleum im Wandel der Geschichte // Antike Welt. 1997. № 28. S. 297–308. Hesberg H., Panciera S. Das Mausoleum des Augustus. Der Bau und seine Inschriften. München: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1994. 199 p. Johnson M.J. The Mausoleum of Augustus: Etruscan and Other Infl uences on its Design // Etruscan Italy. Etruscan Infl uences on the Civilizations of Italy from Antiquity to the Modern Era / Ed. John F. Hall. Provo, 1996. P. 217–239. La Manna S., G. Caruso, Agnoli N., Carnabucci E., Loreti E., Documento preliminare alla progettazione. 2008 URL: http://sovraintendenzaroma.it/sites/default/fi les/storage/original/application/368fc32a188973a80557f3f49e3409f3.pdf. Дата обращения 28.05.2020. Lanciani R. Storia degli scavi di Roma e notize intorno le collezioni Romane di antichità. Vol. II. Roma: Ermanno Loescher&Co, 1903. 277 p. Lanciani R. The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome. London: Mac Millan, 1897. 700 p. McFeaters, A. P. The Past Is How We Present It: Nationalism and Archaeology in Italy from Unifi cation to WWII // Nebraska Anthropologist. 2007. №33. P. 49–69. Mirabilia Romae e codicibus vaticanis emendate / G. Parthey (ed.). Berolini: in aedibus Frederici Nicolai, 1869. 85 p. Nash E. Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Vol .I. London: A Zimmer Ltd., 1961. 532 p. Ortolani G. Ipotesi sulla struttura architettonica originaria del Mausoleo di Augusto // BCom. 2004. Vol. 105, P. 197–222. Parker J. Politics, Urbanism, and Archaeology in "Roma capitale": A Troubled Past and a Controversial Future // The American Journal of Archaeology. 1989. № 93. P. 137-141. Reeder J.C. Typology and Ideology in the Mausoleum of Augustus: Tumulus and Tholos // Classical Antiquity. 1992. № 11. P. 265–307. Riccomini A.M. La Ruina di si bela cosa. Vicende e transformationi del Mausoleo di Augusto. Milano: Electa, 1996. 202 p. Sovraintendenzaroma.it. URL: http://www.sovraintendenzaroma.it/i_luoghi/roma_antica/monumenti/mausoleo_di_augusto. Дата обращения 01.06.2020 Tittoni M.E. Introduzione // Il Mausoleo di Augusto. Metamorfosi di un monument Mausoleo di Augusto. Demolizioni e scavi. Fotografi e 1928/1941 / Ed. F. Betti. Milano: Electa, 2011. P. 11−14. Urbanistica.comune.roma.it. URL: http://www.urbanistica.comune.roma.it/citta-storica-mausoleoaugusto.html. Дата обращения 25.05.2020. Vögtle S. »ubi saepe sedebat Octavianus« Das Augustusmausoleum – Innen und Aussen eines imperialen Grabbaus // Das Marsfeld in Rom : Beiträge der Berner Tagung vom 23./24. November 2007 / Ed. J. Albers. Bern: Bern Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 2008. P. 63-78.
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Stevens, Susan T. "The physical and the metaphysical: two archaeologies of N Africa for historians of late antiquity - RALF BOCKMANN , CAPITAL CONTINUOUS. A STUDY OF VANDAL CARTHAGE AND CENTRAL NORTH AFRICA FROM AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (Spätantike – Frühes Christentum — Byzanz Reihe B; Studien und Perspektiven, Band 37; Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden 2013). Pp. 286, pls. 18 (some in colour). ISBN 978-3-89500-934-1. EUR 98,00. - ANNA LEONE , THE END OF THE PAGAN CITY. RELIGION, ECONOMY, AND URBANISM IN LATE ANTIQUE NORTH AFRICA (Oxford University Press 2013). Pp. xxii + 319, ills. 49. ISBN 978-0-19-957092-8. £70." Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759414002268.

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Hummler, Madeleine. "Pompeii and Pompeiana - Mary Beard. Pompeii: the life of a Roman town. viii+360 pages, 114 illustrations, 23 colour plates. 2008. London: Profile Books; 978-1-861975-516-4 hardback £25. - Penelope M. Allison. The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii, Volume 3: the finds, a contextual analysis. xlvi+504 pages, 83 figures, 132 plates. 2006. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 978-0-19-926312-7 hardback £195. - Marina Ciaraldi. People & plants in ancient Pompeii: a new approach to urbanism from the microscope room (Accordia Specialist Studies on Italy Volume 12). 183 pages, 75 illustrations, 17 tables. 2007. London: Accordia Research Institute, University of London; 978-1-873415-30-6 paperback. - Carol C. Mattush. Pompeii and the Roman villa: art and culture around the Bay of Naples. xviii+366 pages, 250 colour & b&w illustrations. 2008. London: Thames & Hudson; 978-0-500-51436-8 hardback £30. - Victoria C. Gardner Coates & Jon L. Seydl (ed.). Antiquity recovered: the legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum. viii+296 pages, 123 b&w & colour illustrations. 2007. Los Angeles (CA): J. Paul Getty Museum; 978-0-89236-872-3 hardback £40." Antiquity 83, no. 319 (March 1, 2009): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00120794.

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Siwicki, Christopher. "An ancient debate on urban renewal and built heritage: Dio Chrysostom and the city of Prusa." Urban History, September 6, 2021, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926821000663.

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Abstract Scholarship on architecture and urbanism in antiquity has focused on building activity and investment in the fabric of cities as positive processes, typically starting from the assumption that such developments were welcomed by inhabitants – but were they? This article examines objections to urban renewal and the construction of monumental public building in the Roman world. Specifically, it focuses on the city of Prusa and the controversy surrounding the renovation of its civic centre by the local politician Dio Chrysostom in the early 2nd century AD. Using speeches and letters written at the time, the article presents both a new interpretation of this specific episode and brings to the fore the rarely articulated and yet highly controversial nature of building projects that are traditionally thought of as being beneficial. In the conclusion, we also see how this example contributes to research on the issue of heritage as a pre-modern phenomenon.
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Mogetta, Marcello. "Book Review of Roman Architecture and Urbanism: From the Origins to Late Antiquity, by Fikret Yegül and Diane Favro." American Journal of Archaeology 125, no. 3 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3764/ajaonline1253.mogetta.

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"ROMAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM: FROM THE ORIGINS TO LATE ANTIQUITY. By FikretYegül and DianeFavro. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2019. Pp. xvi + 897. $300.00." Religious Studies Review 47, no. 2 (June 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.15237.

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Maschek, Dominik. "FIKRET YEGÜL and DIANE FAVRO, ROMAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM: FROM THE ORIGINS TO LATE ANTIQUITY. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xvi + 897, 32 unnumbered pp. plates, illus., plans. isbn 9780521470711. £230.00." Journal of Roman Studies, June 10, 2021, 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435821000058.

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Chan, Jocelin, and Kathryn Welch. "RABUN TAYLOR, KATHERINE RINNE and SPIRO KOSTOF, ROME: AN URBAN HISTORY FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xvi + 432, illus., maps, plans. isbn 9781107013995. £85. - CLAIRE HOLLERAN and AMANDA CLARIDGE (EDS), A COMPANION TO THE CITY OF ROME. (Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World). Hoboken/Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. Pp. xxvi + 758, illus., plans. isbn 9781405198196. £130. - SETH BERNARD, BUILDING MID-REPUBLICAN ROME: LABOR, ARCHITECTURE, AND THE URBAN ECONOMY. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. 336, illus. isbn 9780190878788. £55. - STEPHEN L. DYSON, ARCHAEOLOGY, IDEOLOGY AND URBANISM IN ROME FROM THE GRAND TOUR TO BERLUSCONI. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xv + 327, illus. isbn 9780521874595. £75." Journal of Roman Studies, March 24, 2021, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435821000125.

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