Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urbanisme durable – France'
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Guichard, Pauline. "Urbanisme et développement durable : urbanisation et pouvoir local sur la Côte d'Azur." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0002.
Full textEnvironmental concerns and sustainable development have been progressively creeping into studies and documents on city planning; just how these themes and preoccupations came into being over the course of time must be made clear. The rise of sustainable development is here analysed through texts produced in the field of city planning and environmental law, and through the urban policies developed in the Maritime Alps over the last half-century. Many are the themes that constitute the notion of sustainable development, themes that were present in city planning discourse well before the notion appeared as such; its significance stands out all the better when compared to the practices in city planning engaged in during two distinct periods: the one preceding the emergence of sustainable development and that which explicitly integrates this norm. The issue developed puts political power at the heart of the analysis: the social norm of “sustainable development” has legal effects and constitutes an essential element of a political strategy that best serves the middle classes. For half a century, a major part of the latter population group was able to pass from the mere dream of a lifestyle organised around individual home ownership and the realisation of that dream: henceforth, it is paramount to protect this “established right” rather than to continue “wasting” that space. Two elements of this strategy of sustainable development appear to be particularly significant: transfers of powers and inter-municipal links, on the one hand, and new conceptions of urban densities, on the other hand; both will give rise to relative analyses of agglomeration of the French Riviera, and notably the lower valley of the Var comprising an Operation in the National Interest (OIN/ONI Eco Valley). This will provide the opportunity to notice that the local power of the French State, far from becoming reinforced, on the contrary, is fading out in the redistribution that is taking place; thanks to inter-municipal links, the power of large towns has not stopped growing to the detriment of the smaller ones. At the same time, the growing success of the theme of “city planning projects” underlines the liberal orientation, adopted long since, in the area of city planning
Raffaud, Fanny. "L'urbain, l'environnement et le développement durable en France : essai d'analyse, Revue Urbanisme 1964-2000." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU1003.
Full textThe sustainable development themes are crossed with urbanism interrogations and concerns. In one hand, this is an attempt to describe the evolution of ideas related to urbanism from the 20th century and their relationship with an environmental approach and in the other hand, this aims to lead to a reflection about the urbanism works and their systems of formations. With this intention, the principal source of investigation selected is articles from the "Urbanisme" magazine listed over the 1964/2000 era. It is question to identify elements being able to refer itself to durability and to repair the interrogations relating to the definition of trade
RAFFAUD, Fanny. "L'URBAIN, L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE EN FRANCE Essai d'analyse – Revue Urbanisme - 1964-2000." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006512.
Full textFouchier, Vincent. "Les densités urbaines et le développement durable : le cas de l'Île-de-France et des villes nouvelles /." Paris : Éd. du SGVN : diff. la Documentation française, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36703202c.
Full textEtienne, Pierre. "L’université et la ville, quel positionnement face aux enjeux de durabilité ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIML007.
Full textUniversities are very present in many large and medium-sized cities in France. There, they play an important social and economic role. Thousands to tens of thousands students, scholars and employees live there during the academic term and beyond. They form a significant share of these cities inhabitants. Such cities face today new priorities in the matter of urban planning and urban design, particularly concerning transition to sustainability. Therefore, how do these universities weigh out, or not, on these sustainability-centered urban reconfiguration? On the contrary, how does injunction to sustainability impact universities development? Answering these two questions is a way to renew the old theoretical debate about the relation between the university and the city where it is located.This thesis aims at studying what kind of interaction burgeons between university campuses and cities sustainability, in France. First part of the memoir presents the methodological and theoretical framework, with the following entries: sustainable development, sustainable city, and the place of the university within the city. Second part questions the relations between the presence of a university in a city and how this city addresses urban sustainability issues
Shen, Xin. "L’aménagement durable, un enjeu pour la santé publique : la position de la France dans le monde." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1039/document.
Full textWhen we think about health, the first topic coming to mind is medical professionals, hospitals and clinics that treat the disease. We do not bind up urban planners together with public health concerns. But what if the planners are invited to contribute to preventive medicine? How to adopt urban plan strategies that lead to healthier lifestyles ? Since the combined actions of public health and urban planning fought against epidemics and improved living conditions in crowded cities of the late 19th century, the two disciplines have been both separated from each other. If medical profession and urban planners share similar tenets and strive towards the same goals, their methodological approaches are different. However, decades later, the two disciplines have to be reunited to address new epidemics such as chronic diseases (asthma, allergies), as well as cancers, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and obesity, which seem related to pollution (air, water, soil) and physical inactivity. If sustainable development has focused on preserving the environment, it has neglected the challenges facing underprivileged population. The territorial inequality worsens in terms of public health. The growing trend of certification and standardization in sustainable development can be seen as an opportunity to promote public health resilience. Should collaborations between public health professionals and planners encourage the approximation of their strategies
About, de Chastenet Cedissia. "Contribution pour la caractérisation d'un "Paysage urbain durable" dans les opérations d'aménagement à Paris." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1132.
Full textIf it seems evident, since a few decades, to protect the architectural heritage during renewal operations or urban planning, the environmental protection is a much more recent preoccupation and has become an imperative only since the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in the 1990s. Through these two themes, i.e. the heritage and the environment, the landscaped quality of the urban projects always seems to be implicit in every regulations, steps or specifications of the operations of development without, however, being explicitly quoted as an objective to be reached. This research suggests to connect both notions of townscape, linked to the protection of the heritage, and sustainable development, including beside the social and the economic aspect the question of the environment, in order not to neglect, under pretext of "making" sustainable districts, the landscaped incidences.The historic and statutory analysis of the term of townscape, whose validity has already been demonstrated on the Parisian territory, together with some reflections on the emergence of the notion of sustainable development in the Parisian administration, led us to evoke a new representation of the "ideal" city as the origin of new urban forms. Finally, the detailed study of three sustainable projects of development, allowed us to identify new ways of monitoring in which the initiatives of sustainable development and evaluation play an increasing role. The consideration of the landscaped quality, as contributing to the "manufacturing" of sustainable townscapes and sustainable urban project, seems already acquired by the actors even if it doesn't yet appear clearly, until these days, in the monitoring of the operations. This research develops the first elements of an answer in order to consider and evaluate urban landscaped quality as a real objective in the conception, realization and maintenance of sustainable districts
Appendino, Federica. "Sfide e opportunità per la tutela del patrimonio urbano nel XXI secolo : città storica e sostenibilità. Dall’esperienza francese al caso di Parigi." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040156.
Full textOver the past few decades sustainability concerns have gained central importance in the contemporary debate about the future development of cities. In this worldwide context a particular category of cities is suffering from pressures never seen before: the historic urban landscape, where urban conservation strategies must be integrated within the larger goals of overall sustainable development.In this frame, certain questions emerge: is it possible that sustainable development aims coexist with the principles of urban heritage preservation? What could it be the connection between urban heritage and sustainable development? How urban conservation can open up to sustainability, while keeping intact tangible and intangible values and heritage?Recognizing sustainability as a primary challenge that urban conservation faces, the thesis is divided in three parts: the first part is dedicated to the literature review, in order to converge the actual scientific production, abundant but sectorial; starting from an international perspective, the second part focuses on the French case study, reviewing the influence of national legislation concerning planning and environment, which includes sustainability aims, on urban conservation tools; lastly, the third part analyses critically the case study of Paris, emblematic to demonstrate the possible adaptation of urban conservation tools in order to take into account sustainability aims.The research finds that an integrated approach appears to be necessary, both at theoretical and operative level, and some first stage answers had been provided in this direction
Lafeuille, Christine. "La prise en compte de la pollution des sols dans le renouvellement urbain des friches industrielles en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10140.
Full textThe issue of contaminated land is becoming more significant in the urban renewal projects in France. This new concern is closely related to the increase of policies combating urban sprawl and promoting land recycling of urban wastelands including former industrial sites. The urban regeneration of polluted industrial wastelands has technical, financial, social and legal impacts, especially on the design, the implementation and the life of a project. Restrictions resulting from soil contamination concerning the actors of urban development and future users, depend on the degree of site pollution and the structuring of the project definition with the pollution management and treatment pollution choices. Actors are searching for methods and tools that could help them to take that restriction into account as much as possible, a theme they don’t really know and for which they are not trained. This practice is difficult because, if there is a national policy on contaminated sites and soils in France, it is neither ruled by legislation nor by a regulatory framework. In addition, this expertise is uncommon and still very attached to environmental management area of polluting industries. Thus, management and treatment solutions proposed to developers and builders can have a direct impact on the project, of which they can ignore the effects. Restriction uses such as for example, the ban on growing gardens, on building individual housing are sometimes necessary to protect future users from the residual contamination of the site. The objective of urban local planning policies is to integrate soil pollution in the process of design and implementation of urban renewal projects
Baldermann-Cornec, Ute. "Urbanisme durable et potentialités de transferts d’expériences interculturelles entre Régions européennes : comparaison des démarches en Bretagne (France) et en Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Allemagne) au croisement de la qualité urbaine durable et de la prospective paysagère." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20042.
Full textMy urban planning dual culture (German and French), the works to implement of a device for encouraging the sustainable urban design, the innovation and the environmental excellence for the Brittany elected representatives, had been my personal questioning a long standing concern: Can we transpose extraterritorial experiences from one culture to another and methods to boost and develop the quality of the projects and the approaches of local actors? The answer to this question, determinant for my own professional practice and my standing concern, does not exist in the literature in 2005. Starting from the Brittany region, at first glance, the choice of the Saxony Land was required for comparison resulting of a twinning since 1995. After investigation, it turns out that only few concrete projects and actions were developed. This is, perhaps, not surprising given the very different territorial characteristics from Britain and Saxony (very industrial past, little agriculture, no coastline, many large cities).. Accordingly, the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Land with its extensive coastline, its many islands, its economy which is shared between agriculture and tourism, seemed more interesting to compare (and for a future partnership, if my research would showed the real interest of collaboration on sustainable urban design). I am convinced of the relevance of the European regional level (the "region" in France and the "Land" in Germany) to introduce public policies and consistent urban planning strategies without losing the link with the mobilizing territorial identity.A State of art of the potential and limits of the transfer experiences introduced my thesis. A focus on the regional policies give a framework for the innovative devices specifically dedicated to the sustainable urban design and the prospective landscape (Eco-FAUR and Städtebau-und Dorferneuerungsprogramm) to place them in context. Comparison of 16 best and recent projects in Brittany and in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern allowed me to analyze in detail the approaches, methods, the intervention of the actors, the best and weak points of the projects. The face to face of these local examples give a framework on 8 topics currently in the discussions of the prospective and sustainable urban landscape Europeanexperts: the revitalization of the cities centers, the urban renewal, the urban landscapes, the great landscape and the city, the new rural dynamic, urban coastal planning, green tourism and urban eco-subdivisions as extensions. My analysis and exchanges with more than 250 actors led me some positive issues (under conditions) concerning the potential of enhanced cooperation between two non-adjacent European areas. My PhD thesis concludes with recommendations for the improvement of trade efficiency, because the interest for the innovative and concrete projects, and around a limited motivated actors group looks promising
Meine doppelte deutsch-französische Raumplanungskultur und meine Arbeit für Politiker der Bretagne (Aufbau eines Förderprogrammes für nachhaltigen Städtebau, Innovation und hohe Umweltverträglichkeit) machen aus meiner langjährigen persönlichen Fragestellung ein Thema der Aktualität: Kann man Erfahrungen, die auf einer anderen, außerterritorialen Planungskultur aufbauen transferieren, um die Qualität der Projekte und die Herangehensweise der Akteure vor Ort zu „dynamisieren“, zu verbessern ? Die Antwort auf diese Frage existierte im Jahr 2005 nicht in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur. Von der Bretagne ausgehend bot sich eigentlich Sachsen zum Vergleich an, da eine offizielleRegionalpartnerschaft seit 1995 besteht. Bei den Voruntersuchungen stellte sich aber heraus, dass sich sehr wenige Aktionen und konkrete Projekte entwickelt haben. Das ist vielleicht nicht verwunderlich wenn man sich die sehr unterschiedlichen territorialen Charakteristiken der Bretagne und Sachsens (Industriestandort, wenig Landwirtschaft, keine Küste und viele große Städte) vor Augen führt. So schien mir der Vergleich mit Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (ausgedehnte Küste mit Inseln, eine auf Landwirtschaft und Tourismus basierende Wirtschaftsstrukture) viel versprechender, vor allem wenn meine Forschungen ein reelles Interesse für eine Zusammenarbeit im Gebiet des Nachhaltigen Stadtbaus und der Landschaftsentwicklungsplanung aufzeigen sollten. Ich bin überzeugt, dass es der regionale Ansatz (die Region in Frankreich und das Land in Deutschland) ist, der im europäischen Rahmen kohärente Lösungen für lokale Entwicklungsstrategien hervorbringt, weil ein genügend großes Territorium mit der mobilisierenden Identität der Akteure verbunden werden kann. Eine Bestandsanalyse der positiven und negativen Faktoren für einen Erfahrungstransfer führtmeine Dissertation ein. Eine Fokussierung auf die Rahmenbedingungen (globale Regionalpolitik) ermöglicht, die beiden auf nachhaltigen Städtebau- und Landschaftsentwicklungsplanung spezialisierten Programme (Eco-FAUR und Städtebau- und Dorferneuerungsprogramm) einzuordnen. Der Vergleich von 16 innovativen und aktuellen Projekten der Bretagne und Mecklenburg- Vorpommerns gab mir die Möglichkeit, im Detail die Herangehensweisen, Methoden, Beteiligung derAkteure sowie die Stärken und Schwachpunkte der Projekte aufzuzeigen. Die Gegenüberstellung bedient sich 8, die aktuelle Fachdebatte der europäischen Experten in Städtebau und ländlicher Entwicklung anregende, Themen: Innenstadtrevitalisierung, Stadtumbau, Stadtlandschaft, Landschaftsplanung und Stadt, Dynamik des ländlichen Raumes, Küstenbebauung, Ökotourismus, Ökoquartiere. Meine Analyse und der Austausch mit über 250 Akteuren erlauben mir einen optimistische Einschätzung (unter entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen) der Möglichkeiten der Intensivierungder Zusammenarbeit in den analysierten Gebieten und zwischen nichtbenachbarten europäischen Regionen. Meine Dissertation schließt mit Vorschlägen zur Verbesserung des Erfahrungsaustausches ab, da die Zusammenarbeit von motivierten, kleinen Gruppen von Akteuren mit konkreten, innovativen Projekten, vielversprechend erscheint
Saifane, Manal. "Le pilotage de la politique publique de la biodiversité, vers son expérimentation au Liban : transposition des dispositifs français facilitant l'évolution des pratiques en matière de planification urbaine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL125.
Full textWith the aim of supporting Lebanese decision makers in the choice of public environmental policy reforms to take into account biodiversity in urban projects, the ambition of this research is to study the opportunity of transferring existing mechanisms of sustainable development in France to Lebanon. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the progressive integration of biodiversity in the planning system. It is about identifying transferable actions to Lebanon with the Benchmarking method. This approach is complemented by an observation of institutional reforms and the implementation modalities of public action. The transposition of mechanisms to Lebanon requires the implementation of diagnosis shared by all stakeholders because the Lebanese context is different : many constraints limit the development of sustainable and efficient planning. Nevertheless, defining a co-led project requires decision makers to adopt a strategic vision of the urban project. This process goes through a concerted phase where a citizen participation involved. As for the mobilization of the stakeholders, it is based on the proposal of innovative approaches that were formulated theoretically and empirically. On the one hand, we introduced the concept of green index allowing stakeholders to assess the environmental quality of a project. On the other hand, we have modeled a city concept, called Soft City, where nature is everywhere in the city, with a view to applying it in Beirut. To facilitate its experimentation, methodological guides and monitoring and evaluation frameworks were developed for the concerned stakeholders in order to encourage them to implement the innovative tools and concepts
Hosseinpoor, Mohammad. "Densité et forme urbaine durable : Marseille et Chiraz, approche comparative." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32042.
Full textThe main axis of this research is an urban durability survey through a comparative analytic method, based on existing urban contexts, the relation between the form and the context. The impact of the traditional urban planning (zoning) and the diffuse habitat to follow the normal using of cars on the urban environment demands to take into account the relationship between density and sustainable urban planning and design. The objective of the struggle against of urban sprawl through a politic based on the social rights, sustainable economy and viable environment generated to find the best relation between density and urban form. Six neighborhoods, more or less dense of varying urban typo-morphology – historic/heritage fabric, large-scale apartment blocks, detached or semi-detached houses – found in two cities (Marseilles and Shiraz) shall be used as essential points (places) for our study. This research analyses the designed form – architectural and urban -, the anthropological human form and the historic form. The distinction between collective housing often situated in down towns and the detached houses in suburbs opens the dialogue between inside and outside urban growth. The analysis of the neighborhoods studied in terms of evaluation criteria based on sustainable neighborhood has lead our research to evaluate selected sites in relation to sustainable development principals. The measure of quantitative criteria of sustainable development and qualitative criteria based on the social survey next to inhabitants let us determine the value of proximity in the choice of the neighborhood and the sustainable housing
Maignant, Gilles. "Pollution et développement durable des villes françaises : étude de cas : Nice, Marseille, Lyon et Paris : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2020.
Full textGromitsari, Maragianni Paraskevi. "Le droit forestier : étude comparée de la France et de la Grèce." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D054/document.
Full textThe objective of the present work is forestry law from the point of view of comparative law between France and Greece. In these two countries, the forestry law is very heterogeneous, both in its structures and in terms of its missions. ln fact, forestry law is a highly centralized law and must reconcile the exploitation of forest resources and at the same time, its protection. As we delve deeper into the challenge of harmonization, several questions are revealed. The definition of the forest, the adapted state ownership, the role of private property, the interventions for the forest are legal issues, to which the forestry law should respond. ln Greece, Constitution of 1975 has expressly registered environmental protection in the article 24 and devoted a paragraph to its protection by establishing the principle of not changing forest destination of public forests and forest areas, unless the change is important to the national economy. In France, a major step for the protection of the environment was the Constitutional Law of 1 March 2005 on the Environmental Charter that gives to environmental principles constitutional status. Following the adoption of the Charter of the environment, the forest as part of the environment enjoys constitutional protection. The foundations of the desired harmonization in forestry will first develop nationally. This lignment requires consideration of the peculiarities of each country, which involves responses to forestry law's questions. Apart from the national level, it is obvious that the European Union is liable to harmonize the objectives of forestry law. But for the moment, there is no European forest policy. That is why it is appropriate to consider the interest that would present its adoption in future
Douet, Mathieu. "Des Parcelles aux Quartiers : Potentialités et limites de la mise en œuvre d’une agriculture durable de proximité dans l’aire urbaine de Caen-Métropole. Approche socio-anthropologique." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1025.
Full textWe used a socio-anthropological approach to study the social and political dynamics of an ecological transition. We tried to evaluate the responsibility of the actors of intensive agriculture and of local authorities for the disappearance of peri-urban agricultures, and for the difficulties to implement a local sustainable agriculture. Local authorities are interested in such a development. Some of them consider the settlement of a market garden within city limits. Despite this, the idea of promoting another agricultural model is very recent, and remains hard to grasp for local authorities and for the actors of intensive agriculture. Both have a weak vision of sustainability, which focuses on economy and divides public policies into sectors. For instance, according to them, public policies on housing, mobility, economic development and urban planning have nothing to do with agriculture, nor with the rural world and the urban area food supply. The aim of this research is to demonstrate – using an approach that is not exclusively urban, nor technical – that the implementation of a local sustainable agriculture can become an important tool for city planning. It would increase urban areas’ sustainability, via agriculture and the food resilience it provides
Rousseau, Thomas. "Politiques et techniques de l’éclairage public pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable en France : Acteurs, mutations et impacts urbains." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0101.
Full textThe importance of having a nocturnal look on the city and of integrating artificial lighting into the urban landscape is growing at the same time as the need for a more pleasant environment in the city favouring social cohesion. At the same time, the particularly difficult social and economic climate and the ever stronger environmental considerations are forcing society and town councils to change faced with the stakes and new paradigms which are essential. In this context, urban lighting requires new approaches in the same way as the optimization of public policies devoted to transport, waste or water management. The nocturnal development in the cities cristallizes the multiple stakes and needs for change concerning the development of cultural heritage, consideration of practices, the comfort of public space, the support for cultural events, urban marking, the cost control of plans or preserving the night sky. To meet the needs and better articulate street lighting, it is imperative to take into consideration the stakes concerning the durability of street lighting. Local authorities have to find less functionalist and more qualitative approaches. It is a case of moving from street lighting to the development of urban lighting. This brings up certain questions. What are the policies and techniques of street lighting set up to meet the requirements of sustainable development ? What are the stakes ? In what way is it important to take them into account in the current socioeconomic context ? What approaches and strategies are being put into action ? Who are the key players to meet these stakes ? Are they the same ones over the whole country? Do they meet the requirements of long-term lighting ? Based on a survey of around one hundred towns in metropolitan France, our work aims at a better understanding of the consideration of durability in the public policies of lighting which seem mainly guided by economic strategies and the will to meet the requirements of the « economic » section of sustainable development. At the same time, the human and social dimension of sustainability in public lighting seems to be developing with an ever growing consideration for practices in the cities. We shall see that the tendencies of public policies on lighting are changing. What new ideas are spreading around ? What are the impacts on the city and the way of developing it ? This work also allows us to remind ourselves of the importance of lighting management in public policies and of the place of the users. The tendencies accepted by the town councils do not seem to be dictated either by the technical offer and the manufacturers or by the price of energy but rather by a combined mix of nocturnal issues depending on the size of the town, urban policies and the geographical, cultural and economic context
Hasan, Ali. "Planification des déplacements et développement urbain durable en Champagne-Ardenne : approche analytique des quatre principales agglomérations de la région Champagne-Ardenne." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML005/document.
Full textAbstract : Mobility planning and urban sustainable development in Champagne-Ardenne. Analytical approach of the four main cities of Champagne-ArdenneCoordination between urbanism and transportation policies is more and more demanded in a new context characterized by an increasing concern for environmental issues and sustainable development. This research aims to analyse the role of urban mobility policies within more global sustainable development policies. Many innovative practices have been adopted in order to limit the importance of private cars and to foster alternative modes of mobility. This supposes to integrate technological and organisational actions into alternative urban forms favouring short distance, mixity and accessibility, which needs a better coordination between urbanism, dwelling and transportation policies at both urban and interurban scales.This research takes its originality from a comparative survey of the four main cities in Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, Troyes, Charleville-Mézières and Châlons-en-Champagne, i.e. mid-size cities that have been less studied than greater cities. It appreciates how mobility issues have been taken into account in strategic planning documents (SCOT, PDU). Since the link between mobility and city planning is one of the main objectives of the Solidarity and Urban Renewal act implemented in 2000, how far goes the coherence between these two fields of action ?Key-words : Strategic planning – Mobility planning policies – Urban mobility plans (PDU) – Master plans (SCOT) – Coherence between transport and urbanism – Champagne-Ardenne – Mid-size cities
Santos, Antonio dos. "Renouveler la ville, reproduire la nature : une socio-anthropologie des processus décisionnels et des relations à la nature au sein d’un projet urbain durable." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12012/document.
Full textRelatively to the development of sustainable urban planning, this thesis examines the evolution of relationship with nature in an urban context through social practices and representations of stakeholders in a planning project. The research was conducted between 2011 and 2015 and targets the reconversion program of a urban industrial wasteland into green neighborhood, located on the northeast area of Lille, from a qualitative survey mobilizing ethnographic observations, semi-structured interviews and analysis of the relevant literature (gray, legislative and regulatory). The urban project, considered here as an instrument of policy, constitutes a favorable analyzer of nature policies evolutions in urban context. The questions guiding this research are: what forms of nature are produced in an urban project qualified of sustainable by its initiators, under what conditions of decision and effective governance, and based on what socio-cultural paradigm? The analysis is conducted using a double theoretical perspective, crossing socio-anthropology of the environment and sociology of public policies, and more specifically making dialogue anthropology of nature and cognitive analysis of policy. We demonstrate that despite the persistence of a utilitarian conception of the environment, current trends of urban planning, understood in a broad sense, prefigure a change of emphasis of nature in the city. More broadly thus outlines a gradual dissolution of the caesura between city and nature
Fusco, Giovanni. "Un modèle systémique d'indicateurs pour la durabilité de la mobilité urbaine : les cas de Nice et Gênes dans une comparaison internationale." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2021.
Full textThe focus of this research is sustainable daily mobility in contemporary cities, with particular emphasis on two case studies: Nice and Genoa. The case studies are comparatively analysed with 73 world cities using quantitative indicators organised in a systemic framework. The analysis is structured in three phases: the application of multivariate statistics, modelling through Bayesian Networks, and finally the evaluation of the two case studies. It uses two scales of observation: cities as a whole, and the intra-urban level. The results confirm the existence of strong systemic links between urban structure, transportation and environmental variables. They identify non-sustainable dynamics within modern cities and the specificities of the two case studies, for which strategic recommendations are suggested
Thomas, Gérard. "De « l’urbanisme agricole » à l’agriurbanisme : un processus exploratoire pour un développement urbain durable." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30026.
Full textThis research, undertaken by a professional urban planner, aims to explore already implemented regional planning methods, to analyze the forms and conditions of the convergence of public policies in the fields of urban planning and agriculture, to identify the tools available to local decision makers to achieve this convergence, resulting in sustainable development objectives set by the authority. The separate management of agricultural and urban spaces has contributed to the loss of the historical link of interdependence and complementarity, which has long defined the relationship between cities and countryside. With the existence of a limited effectiveness of planning documents to reduce the consumption of agricultural space, the problem to be managed is that of maintaining agriculture as it competes with other uses. By analyzing the regional impacts (both environmental and socio-economic) of existing public policies regarding agriculture and urban planning, this research aims to question the professional work practices, the concepts and existing urban planning methods. The research hypothesis posits the need to consider the construction of an agri-urban actionable framework, which integrates all interaction between agriculture, the city and nature, to discover new methods which will allow the integration of “agriurbanisme” into public action. This hypothesis integrates all previous studies, which include a diversity of personal experience, past and present, of the urban planner/researcher as well as specific project research experience (e.g. urban community of Bassin Brive in Corrèze). This endeavor aims to comprehend the conditions of the transition from an agricultural misconception of urban planning to the construction of an actionable framework and, ultimately to the implementation of an operational “agriurbanism” model. This shift from an agri-urban perspective to operational agri-planning questions the practices of urban planning professionals, challenges not only local politicians in their governance methods but civilians as well (particularly in agricultural areas), invites both transdisciplinarity and controversy resulting in economical space management or agricultural land preservation. As for the complex relationship of the city with it’s natural and living surroundings, the agri-urban interdependencies are challenged to define a new developmental approach more favorable to the needs of regional sustainable development
Maulat, Juliette. "Coordonner urbanisme et transport ferroviaire régional : le modèle à l'épreuve des pratiques : étude croisée des métropoles de Toulouse et Nantes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010649.
Full textThe coherence between transportation and planning has impose itself as a key figure of sustainable mobility and urbanism policies. In this context, regional rail transport is introduced as the framework of metropolitan development while regional stations and their surroundings are seen as the privileged places of urban densification. Thanks to a cross-analysis of two French metropolitain areas (Toulouse and Nantes) this dissertation confronts those new planning norms and the practices. Based on an important empirical work, this study analyses the regional rail and planning policy making processes at several scales (metropolitan, local, micro-local). This thesis explains the specific issues at stake in the coordination of urbanism and regional rail transport policies and highlights the constraints (institutional, territorial, political and physical) on their implementation. This work also reveals changing practices in public action and a bottom-driven overcoming of sectorial segmentations. These changes are the results of the necessity for public actors to respond to concrete problems with the resources available to them, more than they are the result of the injunction of coherence
Machline, Elise. "Les conséquences socio-économiques de l'Eco-construction : une analyse comparative entre la France et Israël." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H026.
Full textThis thesis considers the socioeconomic impact of 'green' building in Israel and France and, examines whether socil aspect are integrated in approaches to sustainable urbanism in the two countries. We compare policy contexts and 'green' building instruments in France and Israel and, considered whether affordable housing and social diversity are part of green building policy and green building implementation. We also inquire whether green buildings foster gentrification–inadvertently or intentionally. As observed in other countries, we found that there is a 'green premium' in Israel, whereby certified apartments tend to be systematically more expensive for homebuyers than similar noncertified apartments. Green building certification was found to raise apartment sale prices by between 3% and 14%. Moreover, the typical 'green premium' – in terms of the sale price of an apartment in a certified building – is significantly higher than the additional construction costs required to build it. We show in three case studies (in Tel Aviv, Yavneh and Dimona), that 'green' building is being used as a gentrification tool, to attract middle class households to previously poor neighborhoods. In France, as in Israel, 'green' building is mainly practiced in middleclass urban areas – and in lowincome areas of wealthy cities like Paris, to attract middle class residents. Like in Israel, we do not find 'green' neighborhoods in rich areas of wealthy cities. However, in contrast to Israel, we find 'green' housing in poor French localities (like Reims). The French policy promotes social diversity and the construction of 'green' public social housing in the ecodistricts. Thus, there is an ostensibl effort to build housing that is both "green" and affordable. However, in affluent and average municipalities, the share of 'green' social public housing actually available to lowincome groups is minimal – since most public social housing is ultimately allocated to higherincome groups
Renauld, Vincent. "Fabrication et usage des écoquartiers français : éléments d'analyse à partir des quartiers De Bonne (Grenoble), Ginko (Bordeaux) et Bottière-Chénaie (Nantes)." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743357.
Full textDelfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Full textOur research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Leonet, Jennifer. "Les concepteurs face à l’impératif participatif dans les projets urbains durables : le cas des écoquartiers en France." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1218/document.
Full textThis thesis is written within the context of a series of works undertaken over the last twenty years in France on the subject of the trades and professions of urban, architectural and landscape production, as considered through the prism of new social expectations. The thesis analyses the attitudes and forms of intervention adopted by designers of urban projects that,since the mid 2000s, have featured strong citizen participation ambitions associated with sustainable development issues. To what extent has the emergence of these demands in France, particularly noticeable in the case of the first sustainable neighborhoods, modified designers’ representation of citizen participation, as well as their own practice, skills andgeneral vision of their profession?
Moscarelli, Fernanda. "Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale (SCOT) et développement durable en France : enseignements à partir des cas grenoblois et montpelliérain." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874429.
Full textDebizet, Gilles. "Déplacements urbains de personnes : de la planification des transports à la gestion durable de la mobilité : mutations d'une expertise." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006468.
Full textSavidan, Lise. "L'appropriation du modèle de quartiers durables sous climat tropical : mise en place d'une grille d’indicateurs de durabilité urbaine appliquée au quartier de Ravine Blanche sur l'île de La Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0028/document.
Full textThe urban sustainability is a contemporary preoccupation, because of the international environnemental & social events which take place at the end of the 20th century. Sustainable neighbourhoods are solutions proposed to take in account the new societal stakes into the urban sphere. The intervention scales seems to be adequate to test new conceptions solutions. This phd tried to describe how the concept is adapted into tropical field. In a first part we propose to describe the general concept of sustainability, its emergence conditions, its majors principles and the subjects that gathered or drove apart the scientific community. In a second part we present some specificities of tropical cities, we propose conceptions principles adapted to the climate. We create a tool to evaluate urban sustainability in tropical neigbourhoods. Composed of fifty urban indicators separated into three majors axis, this tool allows to evaluate the durability nivel of urban projects at a quarter scale. We propose three nivel of performance to evaluate durability: Basis, Performant, Very Performant. In a third part of the document, we apply the tool on Ravine Blanche quarter, located into a humide tropical climate, in Reunion island (Indian Ocean). According to the results, thanks to sustainable project of renovation applied on the quarter, Ravine Blanche reaches a Basis level of durability.This phd, allows to evaluate in tropical territories how the concepters take in account the sustainability, comparing to the general concept. It proposes to the urban concepters adapted solutions to deal with the hot climate
D'Emilio, Luna. "La ville durable dans le débat français : entre réflexion et praxis : figures de projet à l'oeuvre à Strasbourg." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG004/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims at exploring on the diffusion of sustainability in France and its role in urban and large-scale design. To this aim, the arising of sustainable urban development is regarded as a set of problems, rather than a set of solutions. Our critical position allows us to challenge the notion of sustainability from a viewpoint that is profoundly linked to reflection and practice of the large-scale project; we therefore have focused on disciplinary cultures, particularly those concerning design and planning stakeholders. The notion of figure, the issue of its consistency and relevance has allowed us to put into perspective contemporary topics, especially referring to the Italian debate on tools of design thinking. Concerning the Strasbourg case-study, our research suggests that the “sustainable metropolis” is changing meanings and relationships between different figures operating in its territory and its representations, as well as its narratives
Questa tesi vuole, in prima istanza, raccontare la diffusione della sostenibilità in Francia, dal punto di vista della sua “declinazione urbana”, e indagare il suo ruolo all'interno del progetto urbanistico e territoriale. Viene quindi presentata l'emergenza dello sviluppo sostenibile, non tanto come una soluzione, quanto come una problematica: vengono messe in luce le sue contraddizioni, le questioni che esso pone, le tensioni tra i suoi elementi costitutivi. La scelta di una postura critica permette di indagare la nozione di sostenibilità da un punto di vista profondamente legato alla riflessione e alla pratica del progetto di territorio; ci siamo quindi concentrati sulle culture disciplinari, in particolare sugli attori del progetto. La questione della consistenza e dell'utilità della nozione di figura ha costituito per noi il mezzo per riallacciarci al dibattito italiano sugli strumenti critici del progetto, interrogandone la pertinenza in una prospettiva contemporanea. La ricerca effettuata sembra indicare che la questione della métropole durable a Strasburgo stia modificando gli equilibri e i significati delle diverse figure operanti sul territorio, al livello delle sue rappresentazioni e del racconto degli attori
Dufay, Sébastien. "Le schéma directeur : cadre approprié du projet de territoire ? : les exemples d'Arras, Dunkerque, Lille et Valenciennes." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-17-1.pdf.
Full textWiesztort, Laurène. "La réinsertion de la nature en ville et le développement durable : études de cas dans l'ancien bassin minier du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0004/document.
Full textThe connections between Societies and Nature, as well as their representations, have evolved much throughout centuries; they did so according to prevailing philosophical, economic, political and religious contexts. They switched from a method led by apprehension, exclusion, conflict of interest and finally to a form of respect and balance. Today, the Urban-Man starts to realize, after centuries trying to rule and to normalize Nature, that he has just destroyed its original aspect but that it’s still omnipresent. Historical processes, such as mass urbanization or industrialization relying on the exploitation of subsoil resources, have however gained the upper hand over natural places which have been destroyed or erased or still have been exploited for economic purpose. Since the 1990s mainly, and particularly in France, we talk about sustainable development as a new philosophy which would lead us towards a world where the political, economic, social, cultural and environmental volition would be more balanced. But how is this actually implemented on the territory? How do the towns of the former mining area in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais cope with the “innovative” environmental policies, in particular with the notion reinserting nature in the city? What type of town and society do we want to create for the future generations? Do we have a real questioning about the reinsertion of Nature in our urban territories or do we limit ourselves to reproducing schemes which have more to do with urban marketing? How is urban Nature conceived, under which forms?
Gey, Adrien. "L'évolution des rapports ville nature dans la pensée et la pratique aménagistes : la consultation internationale du Grand Paris." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002384.
Full textWernert, Carole. "L'historicité de la transition énergétique bas carbone : analyse comparée des politiques énergie-climat locales en France (Metz) et en Allemagne (Sarrebruck)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA3016.
Full textThis thesis questions the capacity of cities to seize the energy issue through history, then through a low carbon perspective. It is based on assumptions that the introduction of energy as a local resource, is to become a reason for low carbon transition in cities. The historicity of this transition indicates that its lineaments are sometimes identifiable before the advent of its imperatives. Through a territorial history of energy, the thesis contributes to decoding keys of interest of cities to the low carbon transition as well as "its atomic elements" at the local scale.The city of Metz has a Local Distribution Company (ELD), rare in France, created under German annexation in 1901: Usine d'Electricité de Metz (UEM). The company produces and distributes electricity and heat. It belongs to the city (85%) and consolidates public finances while developing local and / or renewable resources.Saarbrücken, the capital of a German coal and industrial land, seems reluctant to the low carbon transition. However, in the years 1980-1990, the city and its "Stadtwerk" (German ELD) challenged nuclear power-plants and played the role of laboratory for renewables. The energy transition in Saarbrücken also shows ruptures, coal path dependencies, and illustrates the non-linearity of the process. Depending on the historical characteristics of cities and the exogenous pressures on urban supply, low-carbon energy transitions interest local actors to different extents and take various forms and rhythms
Bombenger, Pierre-Henri. "L'urbanisme en campagne : pratiques de planification des sols et d'aide à la décision dans des communes rurales françaises." Thèse, Tours, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4492/1/D2275.pdf.
Full textJégou, Anne. "Territoires, acteurs, enjeux des dynamiques de durabilité urbaine : le cas de la métropole parisienne." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681586.
Full textLotz, Stéphanie. "L'effet de levier dans la reconversion des friches militaires dans le cadre du renouvellement urbain en France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1136/document.
Full textIn a context of general reform of public policies and of adaptation of the tool of Defence to new geostrategical pressures, Military brownfields are growing.In the past, the city used easily the land space on its fringes. While it is today trying to rationalize the urban network in the frame of sustainable development, it is more interested in its derelict lands and it tries to set up a logic of urban regeneration which could be applied to all these wastelands, whatever is the nature of their initial activities. Among these waiting of renewal sites, the urban military wastelands could give real opportunities as part of regeneration and so participate to the urban renewal.The objective of this thesis is twofold: It is to consider how the military urban brownfields can be unmarked since their initial activity has ceased. Then, by reading the results of the regeneration with the fourth time of wastelands, it is about to determine if the regeneration of an urban military brownfields can have a leverage effect for a city or region.Five study sites are analyzed to answer these questions
Chalencon, Elodie. "Les possibilités d'une densification verticale à l'ile de la Réunion : de la kaz atèr à la kaz atèr anlèr." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH007/document.
Full textFacing the context of the territory of Reunion island, with its tropical and cyclonic climate, a restricted inhabiting surface that is more and more exposed to a growing urban spreading out, a rare and costly land property, building material which are mainly imported, a low-qualified man power, an outer energetic dependence, a growing demand for housing, wages that are lower than the national average and a population which never get up increasing, the architectural challenge consists in proposing new shapes of low-cost and ecological habitat that could be different from the traditional Creole cabin very consuming of space while being respectful of the ways and customs of inhabitants of Reunion
Foury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Full textThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Diaz, Cely Mélanie. "La transformation du boulevard par la création de nouveaux dispositifs de bus : BHNS / BRT / BSP : regards croisés entre la France et la Colombie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG015/document.
Full textTaking into account different perspectives from Europe and Latin America through a crossing view methodology, we have studied the birth and transformation of a new type of boulevard developed since Haussmann. This boulevard derives from a roadbed distribution favoring the organization of various forms of mobility into dedicated corridors according to their function (pedestrians, bicycles, buses, cars). It also reflects a form of stereotyping in the urban project, contributing to an even more technical street planning. It refers to a road space pretending to adopt and adapt exogenous models without really succeeding on producing urban configurations in accordance with the city’s particular landscape, whilst creating fragmented road spaces. In the 21st century, this composition has been reinforced by the introduction of new bus devices (own-site bus service, BRT, BHLS). The example of the Magenta Boulevard in Paris transformed into a civilized space and the las Américas avenue in Cali with the introduction of the MIO BRT illustrate this issue
Rossignol, Claire. "Urbanité, mixité et grande hauteur : pour une approche par les dimensions public/privé des tours mixtes et de leur production : le cas de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1130/document.
Full textDespite a controversial scientific and societal debate, building skyward is experiencing a new rise in French cities. This is reflected in the emergence of new high-rise forms: mixed-use towers and even “vertical cities“. Both are usually conceived as more accessible to the public, more linked to the ground, and more “urban». The implementation of mixed-use, height and urban quality in skyscrapers generates a system of specific technical, social and territorial constraints which are little studied so far. New public-private issues concerning both spatial and organisational considerations are caused by the very complexity of the project, the significant impact of the building on its surroundings, as well as the special status of its privately-owned spaces that are open to the public. In this context how can high-rises be produced and contribute to the urbanity of contemporary cities ? First based on a comparative study of three mixed-use tower projects within the Paris region (Phare, Triangle and Duo), then on a literature review of high-rise buildings and the concept of urbanity, we establish a typology of “urban towers“. These are classified according to their relation and their impact on the city. By developing a new dynamic approach of the urban issue of tower projects during their fabrication, we create an analytical tool which can identify temporal “project trajectories“.Finally, we find a correlation between these project trajectories and the stages of their implementation. This allows us to analyse the production process of each class of tower and their urbanity
Park, Jiyeon. "Aménagement du territoire, levier de développement durable : étude comparée des systèmes d'innovation français et sud-coréens dans le processus de métropolisation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG036.
Full textThe development of a Metropolis is very often associated with the construction of a vast territory, which limits it to the simple search for a pertinent perimeter or level. It implies, however, much more. The French intercommunality, that opens up to various forms of cooperation between different territorial entities, is an interesting approach in this respect. France is, indeed, often presented aborad as an example of cooperation and of decentralization, especially in countries with a strong centralizing tradition, such as South Korea. In this perspective, we will carry out comparative case studies mirroring the process of metropolisation in France and in South Korea. Our study seeks to illustrate how to structure the innovation system (IS) according to the co-construction scheme PAS, making it possible, among otherthings, to co-create an ecosystem of exchange, sharing and arbitration -and thus serving as a driving force and optimizing force in an urban system of specialization. Finally, our study aims at orienting spatial planning towards the integrated approach of sustainable development
Legendre, Anne-Laure. "Explorer ce qui fait bien-être dans son cadre de vie : une recherche ancrée dans le vécu des habitants de quartiers défavorisés en France. Expérimentation d’une évaluation des impacts sur la santé comme vecteur d’un apprentissage collectif des liens entre santé, développement durable et urbanisme Évaluation des impacts sur la santé : d’une évaluation de l’évaluation à l’ouverture d’une discussion sur les impensés de la démarche Comprendre avant d'améliorer les conditions de vie de quartiers défavorisés:quels apports des approches ethnographiques? Penser le bien-être de son cadre de vie:ce que nous apporte l'étude de l'expérience vécue des habitants de différents quartiers défavorisés en France." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASU004.
Full textRegardless of our culture or way of life, we have to “live” somewhere, and for more than half of the world’s population, their life takes place in a city. Urban areas are attractive for many reasons, but they also concentrate many problems of pollution, poor health conditions and social challenges. Above all, it is clear that people do not benefit equally of good living conditions, and the distribution of urban quality reveals significant disparities. How then could we define what is a good living environment in favor of people’s wellbeing? Wellbeing is an ambiguous concept for which no unique and absolute indicator can ever be found, but the question of its assessment remains. Urban planning that designs and shapes the places we live in, public health with its definition of health as complete well-being, or philosophy that, since Aristote described what makes a life a “good life”, we have access to many ways of considering the concept of wellbeing. For epistemological and ethical reasons, we have chosen to study urban wellbeing starting from the people in their living environment. Our work focuses on the French designated “priority” neighborhoods, because of the spatial and social inequalities observed on those territories. This thesis is based on several participatory action-researches conducted with municipalities near Paris and La Rochelle about urban public actions and urban renovation programs. Our work is particularly underpinned by the realization of Health Impact Assessments (HIA) of two urban projects, for which we chose to experiment an open approach with the implication of municipal agents and local actors. The objective was also to research the conditions of collective learning about the links between health, wellbeing and urbanism. This work relies on literature data, but also on people’s experience of their living environment that we collected through ethnographical types of field survey. The stories that we gathered draw the attention to the relation between people and their neighborhood, and what really matters to them. They also enable us to understand the fact of living in a place as a total human experience, far from analytical approaches that tend to be compartmentalized into different predefined parameters. Inspired by relational sociology, we sought for regularities, forces and tensions in those different individual stories, and we argue that this enables us to overcome some of the difficulties that usually arise in concertation processes. It also enables to clarify the issues that the territory is facing, and to drive the discussions in the process of project assessment on the real experience of people in their neighborhoods. Finally, we have developed a heuristic framework to approach expressions of place attachment, that we considered as a proxy for wellbeing in this research. The categories that we found in the surveys (familiarity, integration, safety and comfort, control of one’s life, injustice, fulfillment) work together as a system and they differ completely from functionalist and utilitarian approaches that are still fully present in urban programs, public health or urban ecology. Studying the conditions of possibilities of place attachment and of the empowerment of people in their living environment opens very interesting perspectives to design and develop local policies, especially in the urban realm. Feelings of injustice are very present in the survey, and considering the real experience of people is the only way to understand where inequalities are experienced as unjust, an approach that we consider relevant to overcome the limits of a static analysis of inequalities based on statistics
Delabarre, Muriel. "Natures plurielles : pour une contribution à l'habitabilité de l'espace public contemporain." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH030.
Full textThe purpose of this research-action – which fields of analysis are located in the greater Lyons - relates to the question of nature and urban habitability. The particularity of the subject and its stake lie in the confrontation between the urban vision of public space, the physical approach to urban materiality and the consideration of the perception of natural and built environment. In this respect, this research involves more widely knowledge gathered around urban ecologies. First, we conduct an analysis about the natural and physical component of selected urban areas, their uses and their functions through an evaluation grid (1). The complexity of such an approach lies in the criteria used for the selection of indicators, especially when the object of the study reveals unstable spatially and temporally. This examination allows us to distinguish patterns of specific arrangements contained in each spatial configuration subject of the study. Then we take a keen interest in the ideational and subjective dimension, which appears to be the second side of habitability (2). We fall within the issue of experience through which the body and the senses of urban actors become part of the picture. Routes on sites offer us the opportunity to confront the vision of many stakeholders of urban production in order to collect their representations. Thus, by crosschecking empirical data from these two protocols of investigation, we are able to sketch plural figures of nature that constitute the habitability of living environments
Asaad, Lama. "La nature en ville et le cas spécifique des jardins urbains : approche géographique et historique de la ville de Lyon et de son agglomération." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2116/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the evolution of the notion of collective garden and their place and functions in the city. Firstly, on the basis of an historical and geographical perspective, it provides a background of the notion of garden in the Mediterranean area, between East and West, from the ancient world to the modern day. The concept of garden has taken over time very different meanings, food-producing garden or pleasure garden, but also private gardens, public and community gardens.Then our approach focuses on collective gardens, namely workers' gardens, family gardens and community gardens. Our research focuses on the city of Lyon and its metropolitan area from the late 19th century to today. This historical and geographical analysis is based on both an archival work and a cartographic approach. To mix historical depth and spatial approach we inquire about the historical, political, demographic, economic and social factors that determine the location and the uses of collective gardens. This analysis of the spatial dynamics throughout the twentieth century reflects the evolution of their place and their functions in the city. This allows us to identify the values and functions of collective gardens that have a high stability over time, while others refer to conceptions and concerns which are historically and geographically situated. We thus pay particular attention to place the issue of community gardens in transformations of urban policies, characterized for the recent period by the increasing influence of sustainable development concerns and emerging issues on the place of nature in cities
Darroman, Mélanie. "Renaissance de l'habitat participatif en France : vers de nouvelles formes négociées de fabrication de la ville ? Deux études de cas dans l'agglomération bordelaise : le projet HNord (Bordeaux) et La Ruche (Bègles)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0485.
Full textThis PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities
Sevenet, Marie. "La forme en 3D dans l'analyse spatiale des territoires urbanisés et de la durabilité urbaine." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2048/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21 century the urban planning documents are focused on the “reconstruction of the city inside the recent city territory” and results in the densification of the urban structure (e.g. elevating existing buildings or increasing compactness). However, this construction mode needs a detailed understanding of the urban volume. To meet this demand, new analysis methods are strongly desired, integrating 2D and 3D in urban planning. This might allow density increase in decaying inner urban areas while respecting the social sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life. However the currently used methods used in fundamental science or applied science rarely include the third dimension in their consideration; more detailed the vertical axis of geographical, natural or anthropogenic elements.The here presented thesis is dedicated to the integration of the 3D methods into the urban planning by the help of analysis with applied geographic information systems (GIS). The work focuses on image and morphology analysis for developing new methodologies and tools dedicated to different decision makers in urban context
Selmi, Wissal. "Services écosystémiques rendus par la végétation urbaine : application d'approches d'évaluation à la ville de Strasbourg." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH013/document.
Full textThis research work provides two assessment tools based on both ecocentric and anthropogenic approaches. We argued that these approaches are complementary and they lead not only to understand ecological functions of urban green spaces but also to quantify ecosystem services provided to society. Based on bottom up approach, two urban habitats were assessed : lawns and urban forest. Due to the lack of knowledge about ecological functions of urban lawns, it was required to implement a monitoring protocol that helps to provide a baseline and measure the changes of flora composition and structure across urban green spaces. Although monitoring protocol had some limitations, it intended to highlight the response of lawn flora to environmental patterns and to particular human activities such as management techniques and trampling. Urban forest was assessed by quantifying it structure and some ecosystem services and desservices using i-Tree model Eco. Based on biophysical indicators, the model quantify the total carbon stored and the annually carbon sequestered, the annually amount of pollution removal, and the annually amount of biogenic emissions by trees. Although some uncertainty remains about the application of this model, it was shown that urban trees improve local air quality. However, to alleviate air pollution within urban area, planting and managing trees should be associated with an integrative planning strategy that takes into account other factors. Our study also incorporates operational items, so we have tried to provide some guidance to planners and green spaces managers with reference to our assessment results
Catalon, Elise. "Vers une recomposition des rapports entre sociétés et rivières : l’hydromorphologie des cours d’eau : processus, représentations et enjeux de gestion environnementale sur la Dordogne moyenne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100012/document.
Full textThe relationship between societies and rivers is marked by environmental changes that question the modalities, more or less institutionalized and systematized over time, used to generate knowledge and to define legitimate practices. Recently, these questions have emerged and crystallized around the approach and concepts supported by hydromorphology. The greater consideration of this theoretical framework within ways of thinking and acting leads to many changes. In particular it follows that river management based on the control and stabilization of rivers is challenged in favour of an approach based on the expression of the river dynamics. This thesis proposes, first, a review of the processes which helped made it into a formal and decisive issue. Then the thesis aims to show through how hydromorphology represents and reflects the changes in the relationship between people and rivers through joint trajectories marked by practices, materiality and reciprocal adaptation throughout unique timescales and spatiality. It also intends to highlight, through an analysis of the representations of hydromorphological functioning of the river, how this new theoretical and practical configuration disturbs, at least currently, what seemed legitimate and rational until this day, and requires a restructuring of values and intentionality that riparian communities display in respect of watercourses. Finally, this thesis accounts for how public policy and its instruments are faced with new expectations, both cognitively and operationally, how they adapt and reinvent themselves in the light of a greater consideration of hydromorphology towards what it calls for: redefining the terms of a joint existence between the rivers and riparian societies
Gatta, Federica. "(Contre)pouvoirs urbains ? : une critique des dispositifs non-institutionnels de l’aménagement urbain dans les transformations du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100164.
Full textIn which way is urbanism confronting both the evolution taking place in contemporary urban movements and the simultaneous growth of political rhetoric concerning sustainable, participatory development? The present thesis stems from the observation of an ongoing process of institutionalization, begun in the seventies, of social movements and critical theories that emphasize the role and importance of city residents in the construction of their city. This process is analyzed through an ethnography conducted in the Parisian northeastern metropolitan area, thus situating it in an illustrative context of significant recent transformation. The challenge of this work is in studying a number of situations in which actors who are generally considered separately, interact: organizations involved in the development of communal urban participation, groups actively occupying abandoned urban spaces, the technicians and decision-makers of large-scale renovation projects, collectives of artists and architects advocating urban art and participation. Through an analysis of the explanations and (mis)understandings these actors use and reach while discussing projects in progress, what appears is a specific form of control of social counter-powers. This process is framed by apparatus attributing value to the idea of uncertainty in the urban imagination, asserting the “inhabitant” as an ambiguous subject-object of urban transformation, conceiving the intermittent progression of events and temporalities as a new paradigm of urban planning. What follows from this analysis is a questioning into where libertarian self-governance and urban neoliberalism converge, and into the evolving relationship between technical and critical urbanism
Mahmoud, Rasha. "Le droit de la construction et les contraintes environnementales : étude comparative franco-libanaise." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC032.
Full textLebanon in its institutional and legislative framework is confronted with a deficiency in the legal texts relating to the sector of sustainable construction, urban planning and the environment. As a result, this hinders population growth and increases environmental degradation. In addition, the resulting dilemmas arise from confusions and illogicalities due to the vagueness and ambiguity that exists in the laws and regulations covering this sector. As a result, prerogatives overlap and create jurisdictional conflicts that hamper effective progress. In the construction project, ecological engineering preserves sustainable development and the ecological footprint. Being mindful of the importance of green construction in the preservation of heritage and nature, the French legislator has enacted several laws to both protect the environment and heritage sites. In the case of Lebanon however, the legislative and institutional deficiencies, through the ambiguity of the texts and the deficiency of the legal system, as well as the derogatory “Lebanese” urban planning clearly translate into a chaotic urban and rural landscape. In this regard, we recommended taking the French system as a model, because historically, the French law is the backbone for Lebanese laws and legislations. The legal regime for green construction in France protects the environment and adopts an ecological architecture, considered to restore certain endangered balances. Then, it establishes compensation for pure ecological damage by promoting environmental responsibility, as well as insurance contracts, in order to compensate the injured parties. Therefore, it is reassuring to see the emergence and need for a Lebanese green building law to avoid ecological damage. However, the implementation of measures aimed at making environments compatible with industrial and economic growth must take into account the socio-economic situation of the country. Hence, the importance of construction that reduces the consumption of natural resources and incorporates sustainable development strategies into construction law. In Lebanese practice, normalizing these breaches is done in most cases by their legalizations. In addition, patronage and clientelism is a feature entrenched in the Lebanese political system and reflects on all aspects including the construction sector. In addition, an evaluation of the durability of a construction is necessary, because it must begin with the evaluation of the specificities of the building as such. The comparative study we carried out guarantees theoretical and practical interests. The presentation of the adaptation of green construction in France allows us to better understand the best method of integrating the new provisions into Lebanese law. In practice, success is possible if we overcome the obstacles that hinder the protection of the environment and adopt laws that cover the environmental liability in Lebanon. A striking and surprising delay seems to affect the start of a road to the proper application of the polluter pays principle. Our critical, objective and comparative study of environmental constraints in Lebanese construction law has enabled the emergence of improved strategies and policies with a view to greater integration of French policies. This study thus is an opportunity to bring forth a comparative study on construction, urban planning and the environment between France and Lebanon. It relates particularly to the French adoption of green construction for the Lebanese adaptation especially at the level of the protection of our architectural heritage and the maintenance of identity and history. The presented analysis attempts to sound the alarm for an emergency plan for the dangerous environmental situation in Lebanon. Guided by a comparative study between the two countries, it shows that it is binding to initiate a law on green construction, sooner rather than later