Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urbanisme – Iran – Téhéran (Iran)'
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Kheyroddin, Reza. "Le renouvellement urbain à Téhéran, politiques, pratiques et méthodes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100060/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spatial analysis of urban regeneration policies in Tehran municipal perimeter. How the urban actions in the last decades, in paradoxical trends, led to a stronger socio-spatial rupture in Tehran? Tehran well-known urban geography shows up a considerable difference between the wealthy North and the poor South, but today, this fracture has been transformed to a new and more complex socio-spatial structure with a deeper opposition between North and South, a more degraded city centre and sprawled peripheries. This new context necessitates an urban renewal, with new policies and methods, taking into account global and local scales.Tehran has experienced various urban plans and operations. These actions were never fully implemented and leaving the capital city of Iran unachieved. The innovative urban renovation policies by the Tehran municipality since 1990, deeply changed both the city’s appearance (building of towers in Northern Tehran) and the urban governance with selling in large scale illegal derogation for higher density of construction permits (Tarakom forushi/Sell of density) in order to finance the city’s budget. The output of multivariable analysis of the physical and social characteristics of the urban districts (112 districts/Nâhiyeh) shows that the most recent policies failed in several issues. It did not improve the vulnerability of old central and south parts of Tehran that could be dramatically hit by a possible major earthquake (400,000 casualties, 55% of buildings damaged); The socio-economic and physical spatial rupture has been strengthened. This empirical study is discussed in the framework of the scientific on urban regeneration dealing especially on the dialectic between micro/local and macro/global (Glocal) issues. Based on this Glocal approach and via a multivariable spatial analysis, a new model is proposed for urban renewal, governance and method of analysis, at the suitable local scale of the districts (nahiyeh) to be used by local or municipal policy makers
Gharakhani, Ali. "L’ insertion du concept de développement durable dans les politiques urbaines à Téhéran." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100062.
Full textThis study proposes to revisit the application process of urban policies and their operation in environmental sustainability in Tehran. In spite of the clear willingness of the urban authorities, expressed through organizations and local and national policies, the largest city of Iran, was unable to a desirable level and remains still in degraded environmental conditions. Issues section of this research is to understand why such a situation prevails in the city. To this goal, this thesis covered a rather large field to bring out several factors such as historical, geographical, regulatory and administrative settings that seem to be critical in the implementation of sustainable development. On the methodological level, consultation and seizure of numerous documents urban and environmental and territorial diagnostic reports allowed to check the validity of the hypotheses. According to the results released, urban management in Tehran suffers disadvantages such as political fragmentation, multiplicity of actors and antinomy in the regulations, all increasing in intensity and extent of the environmental damage alleged to correct. Specific geographical features of the city exacerbate this state while stifling political-administrative and socio-economic centrality dominated the history of the Iranian capital increases constantly the measure of the negative aspects on the ecology of the city. Improving this situation would claim, in accordance with the precepts of sustainable development, urban governance across Tehran metropolitan area in partnership with civil society, including NGOs that are not welcome to the current government in office
Dargahi, Malellou Esmaeil. "L’espace public à Téhéran : analyse comparée de trois quartiers (ancien, moderne et informel)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20013/document.
Full textThe problematic that guides this research is as follows: what are the main dimensions of the public space in Iran and what are the variations of this public space between old, modern and informal neighborhoods in Tehran? In order to compare the characters of the public spaces, we chose the 3 types of old neighborhood (Bazar), modern (Shahrak-e-Gharb) and informal (Khak Sefid) present in Tehran. Examination according to the method presented (documents, personal observations, questionnaires and interviews), allowed us to conclude that the answers obtained from this work confirm that the Bazar district is characterized by important interactions, because of its commercial and religious influence, despite its antiquated structure. The modern district of Shahrak-e-Gharb provides functionality for planned public spaces, but the omnipresence of the automobile and the lack of superior functions limit the exchanges on a neighborhood scale. Finally, despite the lack of developed spaces, the informal Khak Sefid neighborhood is not devoid of social interaction. The challenges of planning public spaces therefore necessarily differ according to their specific physical, economic and socio-cultural characteristics that we have tried to highlight in this thesis
Amiri, Hekmat. "Planification du logement et de l’urbanisme : étude comparative des villes nouvelles de Karadj (Téhéran) et de Cergy-Pontoise (Paris)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100056.
Full textCertain cities were born from an preconceived idea, those to build buildings according to a preliminary plan; others are spontaneous. The first generally reached first blow their structure final, were maintained there, reabsorbed there, or more rarely, extended; in this last case, the extensions being out of the preconceived limits are not any more in the character of the initial plan. Our research has thus as an main object to analyze work of town planning and production of housing with Karadj. The study aims at describing the laws and the models necessary to carry out a suitable, comfortable and modern housing in a pleasant and effective city. In our research, we study housing and its difficulties, and mainly in Karadj. We associate that some of these complications come from the lack of laws and a code of updated town planning. Moreover, the regulation applied in constructions of the buildings in Iran is not well defined. Precisely, we approach in approach the planning of housing for units of residences through which the space changes in the city are considered to satisfy the requirement in residences. As housing is an important urban subsystem, the planning of residences is also regarded as a subsystem of the city planning. By observing an successful experience of planning of city in Europe and particularly in France, research in the scientific environment of France will help us, we hope for it to better gain the desired results. For this reason we studied housing in Cergy-Pontoise and Karadj. We compare the cities to be able to leave a dynamic model in housing it. It is the objective even of our thesis: of a university work to beyond provide elements for the improvement of the town planning and the living conditions in our country
Teimouri, Mahmoud. "D'une pensée moderniste à une approche paysagère : étude du rôle de l'identité dans les approches de rénovation urbaine à Téhéran contemporain (depuis la fondation de l' organisation de la rénovation urbaine de Téhéran en 1975)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010550/document.
Full textThis thesis evaluates the role of identity in changing urban renovation approaches in contemporary Iran and Tehran. The first part as theoretical bases deals with the concepts of identity, place identity and its importance in the civilization history of Iran. In the first chapter, the framework of the concept of identity in the culture of Iran is developed by the content analysis of the main Iranian-Islamic philosophers' view. In the third chapter, the criteria of evaluating place identity and its functions are investigated by using this framework and analyzing theoreticians' views. In the second part, the experiences of urban renovation in the world are studied and dominant approaches are introduced. In the third part, while identifying identity policies, development programs, regulations and urban plans are evaluated in three main periods of the contemporary history of Iran. The result of this part is identifying currents claiming identity in the urban renovation of Iran comparing the change of their tendencies towards its universal evolution. In the fourth part, renovation approaches in Tehran and the change of their tendencies towards urban identity are evaluated by focusing on three case studies of the main renovation projects in Tehran. Finally, the conclusion was drawn that urban identity has been suggested as one of the main challenges of urban renovation in Iran and Tehran and has had a determining rote in changing renovation approaches. Various approaches are examined to achieve the desirable urban identity in Tehran that their evolution is started from frame-oriented modernistic methods and is ended in landscape approach based on place making
Mansouri, Maryam Alsadat. "Études esthétiques du paysage urbain téhéranais : espaces, visions, pratiques, expériences." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100006.
Full textFloating in a back and forth between the architecture and the traditional urbanism of the country and the modernist, imported from Western countries, Tehran is often recognized as an identity-less disordered noisy city, with insignificant landscapes. The question then asked by urban actors is how to make the city more beautiful, more pleasant, more appreciated by the inhabitants? Since the post-revolutionary years (1979), the Beautification Agency of the City of Tehran, a municipal body, has been interested in answering this questioning with initiatives aimed at aestheticizing the Iranian capital by injecting colors, lights, monuments, vegetation, buildings. However, the diversity of interventions and approaches adopted and the dissimilarity between them and with the urban entity of the city, let us formulate the hypothesis that for Tehran urban management, the aestheticization of the city consists in enchanting it, to throw a touch of beauty, magic, charm. But finally, wouldn’t it be more a question of disenchantment in Tehran?Over a period of forty years beginning in 1979 with support over the last decade, the thesis focused on a selection of municipal interventions claiming urban aesthetics, based on the observation that the criteria of urban aestheticization in Tehran tend towards a decorative and objective approach. The analysis of the eight case studies is based on a theoretical reflection around the urban aestheticization and points the sensitive relationship of the user with the aestheticized space. Thus, a method of aesthetic analysis that highlights the values produced by the urban intervention that we recognize as aestheticization by experience (distinguished from other modes of urban aestheticization) has been developed, bringing the “theory of the evaluation” of the pragmatist philosopher John Dewey with the locution "process of aestheticization”. According to a desire to improve qualitatively the urban space, by mobilizing several urban devices, aestheticization through experience, which is a process, contributes to the acquisition of an aesthetic experience through the production of value
Parsapajouh, Sepideh. "Humanisation de l’espace et solidarités dans deux quartiers populaires de Téhéran et de Paris." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100123.
Full textBased on the methods of ethnographic observation and according to an emic approach, this study is meant to understand the humanization of space and the invention of the forms of solidarity through the tiny practices of the everyday life. This research started on the field of Islamâbâd, a self constructed community which was initially a shantytown, located in suburbs of Teheran, inhabited by a precarious population resulting from the rural migration. This is a whole study related to all of the aspects of the life of this community. Then the personal experience of the researcher led her to a new field: the Parisian community of Saint Blaise, marked by great public and social housing with an often immigrant population living of the social minimums. One of the questions was about the signification of the solidarity and appropriation of space in the actual situation of French capital. This research thus took the form of a comparative study of the everyday practices of interaction in two official and social systems as different as Iran and France. The results show that the uses of solidarity, particularly the relation “don/contre-don”, and the efforts of appropriation of space, are characteristic of these two societies in spite of all their obvious differences
Azari, Elahe. "Quels types d'éco-quartiers pour l'Iran ? : recherche sur la faisabilité des écoquartiers en Iran : application à l'étude de la création et construction d'un écoquartier en campagne de Téhéran et ses effets sur les citoyens et leurs modes de vie : Téhéran-Hashtgerd." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH016/document.
Full textWe enter in the new level of urban planning that promotes eco-district, which is part of the objective of sustainable development and reduction of the ecological footprint, usually associated with a strong involvement of residents. Recall that an eco-district is a district that reduces energy consumption by using renewable energy; highlights gentle movements; limit the production of waste and the use of resources such as water; also involved in the choice of building materials.The development of eco-neighborhoods is very recent in the Western world, and has seen little application elsewhere. A country like Iran has not yet integrated accurate reflection on eco-neighborhoods and their development, even though it is now entering a new stage of sustainable development. Our project is to research and focus on the acceptability and feasibility of eco-neighborhoods which are adapted to the Iranian world, and whose results could revolutionize, or at least to change the urban design of cities in Iran. In a first point we briefly consider the general problem of the eco-district, before dealing in second place this issue in the context of Iran and, more specifically Tehran ; for final question the feasibility of eco sustainable neighborhoods in Iran
Bailly, Émeline. "Espaces imaginés, espaces habités. Au-delà de la mondialisation : Téhéran, Rabat, New York, Paris." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00503137.
Full textShali, Amini Vahid. "Bazar de Téhéran." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040144.
Full textThe researchers have seldom given as object to analyze the bazaar of Teheran, which remains rather unexplored and unknown, however, it is today one of the receptacle of the general crises which touches the Iranian contemporary society. Our study concerns the internal functioning and the external contacts of the bazaar of Teheran; its architect and equipment, its commerce, its crafts and the employments of the commercial zone. Finally, a comparative study of inquiries and of accounts accomplished by M. Seger (1973-1978) and us (1991-1995) will permit to observe the general development of the bazaar area
NOURALICHAHI, DJAMSHID. "Le centre et la centralité : le cas de la ville de Téhéran." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120031.
Full textFrom the little vilage of a few thousends people in 18em century till the great metropol international with more than 10 millions people that is bec m teheran more than two century are passed. During this longue period the city has suffred notable demographical and spatial changings causing, following differents periods, duffrents geographicals shemas of centrality differecied social practices of space. This studie analyse in the time and specialy in the space causes and consequences of this evolution of the city and specialy his centre until actual period
Yazdani, Amiri Mahmoud. "Eau et assainissement dans l'agglomération de Téhéran." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040084.
Full textThe rapid demographic and spatial growth of Tehran, located on the arid piedmont of the Alborz mountains, resulted in sharp difficulties in water supply and draining off. A system of three dams replaced the traditional supply by qanats. Wastewaters are poured into sumps while rain water flows down along a network of drains and channels. Master plans are being drawn in order to prevent drawbacks such as floods or rising of the watertable level, but they cannot reach any efficiency if the urban growth remains uncontrolled
Amir-Ebrahimi, Masserrat. "L'intégration socioculturelle du sud de Téhéran dans la capitale." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100095.
Full textAtretchian, Mohammad Reza. "Evaluation de la sismicité de Téhéran (Iran) : application à l'étude des lignes de secours et à la vulnérabilité des ponts." La Rochelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LAROS028.
Full textAthari, Djamal. "Processus d'auto-développement des quartiers périphériques de banlieue à Téhéran : Eslamshahr." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100180.
Full textThis study deals mainly with a monographic study which aims at describing and analyzing the different aspects of the emergence and transformations of a suburban city, 20 km south-west of Tehran. The origin of this city goes back to 1966 when about 1000 people lived in a group of villages which today has become a city of more than 300 000 inhabitants. In this study having , on the whole, tried to avoid all stigmatization of changing social and spatial processes of urban development of eslamshahr ; 1 have illustrated as much the marginal and disintegrated aspects of everyday life in this city as the realities of auto-construction, popular participation and the civil activities. I have also studied the problems of youth in this city. The opposition between auto-development and planning policies has also been analyzed
Madjfar, Fatémeh. "Les effets du veuvage sur la vie familiale des femmes en Iran (cas de Téhéran)." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU2A013.
Full textSaeidnia, Aurore. "« Faire avec » les contraintes : l'expérience du politique des conseillers de quartier de Téhéran." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0113.
Full textThis thesis studies how neighbourhood councillors in Tehran experience politics, in light of historically and socially built normative processes which organize and define their participation in local public life. Leaning on both an ethnographical and theoretical survey, the analysis shows that the processes of DE politicization do not indicate the end or the absence of politics. On the contrary, the position outside the political space allows the councillors to assert publicly their capacity to speak and to act. More precisely, they invest a public and depoliticized figure (the motamed) who is defined at the crossroads of the multiple registers of legitimization of the Islamic Republic - religious, revolutionary and civic - to claim the rights to speak, to criticize and to be heard. Simultaneously elected representatives, volunteers and bureaucrats, councillors are gradually defined as major intermediaries in the access and the redistribution of the resources at the neighbourhood level. By implementing municipal and national public policies, they act as social control agents of neighbourhood inhabitants, and local representatives who contest the partition of the social space these politics convey. This exploration "from below" of practices that question or reproduce authoritarian logics provides an overall analysis of political and social transformations of Iranian modern society
Ejlali, Farid. "Climatologie locale, pollution atmosphérique et leurs effets sur la végétation urbaine à Téhéran." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A002.
Full text[This research attempt to show the origins of the pollution in the city of Teheran, the distribution of the particules in suspension in the city and its consequences on the trees of the streets and the parcs. The differents types of anticyclonics weathers, the frequence of "calmes" and the basin topography facilitates the formation of a dome of pollution that has problems to evacuate outside. A displacement of the maximum of pollution takes place during the day inside the urban tissue, in relation with the breezes of the slopes. In the morning, a pollution pick is evident in the heart of the city (around 10h). The origins of chemical pollution are internal to the city : traffic and industrial activities. Event though they are diffused the maximum remains in the south and center east. The physical pollution, particles come from the southern extra urban deserts and penetrate into the city through the south gully. From the point of view of microclimatology and topoclimatology the center and center south sectors of the city are therefore the most hit. The trees of the sidewalks and for the parks and gardens are in a better sanitary state and their growth is more rapid in this sector. This paradox allows us to conclude that pollution is not the major problem of ligneous trees. The planes, in particular, must suffer from a lack of water at the level of their rooting system much more than from a physical or chemical modification of the urban atmosphere. ]
Bagheri, Noaparast Ehsaneh. "L'image de la femme parmi les étudiants de l'université de Téhéran." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE5002.
Full textThe present research studies gender attitude of male and female university students, as young generation of Iran – which contains two thirds of its population – toward women’s question. As Iranian society is taking rapid changes, especially in field related to women, and as generally this is the youth of a society who are attracted to new and modern ways of life and changes, this subject seems to be necessary to be studied in the context of Iranian society. In this relation, women’s position seems to be considerable, because of their role played in the core of the society and as changes are taking place in position and roles of women. In this study, both female and male students of Tehran University are questioned about their regard concerning woman. A sample of 400 students (200 females and 200 males) was chosen randomly. In this relation, a questionnaire was prepared by the researcher. Results show that in regard to feminism, main emphasis of students is on equality of rights of both men and women and their main worry is related to extremism and confrontation of genders. In relation to division of gender roles, students have tendencies toward modern egalitarian attitudes, though they are still attached to traditional views more or less. Also, the results show that a combination of Islam and modernity seems to be the ideal model to be applied successfully in Iran, thus, a unique model of modernity is not presentable globally
Haghshenas, Ebrahim. "Conditions géotechniques et aléa sismique local à Téhéran." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10099.
Full textA seismological campaign including installation of 13 temporary seismological stations on the different representative geotechnical sites was conductel from February to June 2002 in Tehran (Iran). Ln addition the ambient noise was recorded in more than 60 point of the city. The principal part of this thesis is consisted of analysis oh data recorded during this campaign in relation with the geotechnical conditions by various experimental techniques to estimate the site effect on amplification and prolongation of seismic movements. The results put in evidence an important site effect as weil as in amplitude as duration of sei smic movements on the majority of the studied sites, contrasting with the moderate values (factor 2 to 3) predicted in the preceding studies by 1 D the approach. Moreover, the thesis also comprises a systematic comparison of the information deduced from the ambient noise and those deduced from the recording earthquakes, adding of the other data coming from more than 150 European sites. This comparison shows the capacity of HN method in approximately 80% of the cases, there are however the failures, especially in the case of Teheran where HN curves remain flat for the majority of the sites. The last part of the present work concerned with the simulation of the strong ground motions with the method ofempirical Green function. Four different scenarios, concerning the occurrence ofstrong earthquakes on the faults of Mosha, North-Alborz and Garrnsar were simulated. The resulted maximum accelerations are rather significant and of the simulated response spectra exceed sometimes the proposed response spectrum of the actually Iranian Building Code
Asfari, Mitra. "Étrangers endotiques de Téhéran : une ethnographie des dynamiques identitaires des Ġorbat." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB175/document.
Full textGroups of women and children beg regularly at intersections in the Iranian capital. These individuals are commonly despised and referred to as Kowli (Bohemian Gypsy), while they are part of an ethnic group and a linguistic community, completely ignored by the Iranians and scholars. This study introduces for the first time an ethnographic research of this "peripatetic" group named, Gorbat, meaning: the foreign country, the exile. What are the origins of this ethnonym ?How this group have come to take this name? How does he survive culturally? How does he keep its borders with the global society and other minorities? This study focuses on one of the agglomeration of this ethnic group, originally from the city of Babol in northern Iran. It offers a gateway to the world view of Gorbat of Babol, through the study of a relevant step in the life of every young Babolian Gorbat.This step consists of begging (aduri) practiced daily by all children, at the crossroads of Tehran, under the supervision of at least one of the women of their lineage. This practice therefore reveals certain kinship relations and highlights in particular the structure of the patrilineal lineage in the Gorbat community. It also reveals the importance of this structure in the embedded identity of the individual. The practice of aduri is described according to the concept of Clifford Geertz; "Thick descriptions". Each stratum of meaning leading to the production, perception and interpretation of significant behaviour (here aduri) is described and analysed. This meticulous analysis opens our vision to a dramatic view of begging, in the sense that Victor Turner employs this paradigm in "anthropology of performance". Begging is performed as a rite and produces a drama through which the cultural framework and symbols engaged become visible in the social interaction between the Gorbat and the non-gorbat. This phenomenon emerges as a central event in the social life of the Gorbat and the construction of the collective identity of the individual. It is therefore impossible to observe the Gorbat society in isolation.The other (non-gorbat) is constantly present. As sociological paradigm, and following the theory of "ethnic boundaries" by Fredrik Barth, this study suggests to observe the Gorbat society through its relations with the non-gorbat. However, these relations are not only based on economy nor on politics but on cultural features.The identity and otherness are defined through social interactions of everyday life, by oscillation between two moral frameworks and two value systems. It is through this back-and-forth between two spheres of construction and deconstruction of meaning that the definition of self and of the other emerges. This is at this intermediate level between the two spheres that it becomes possible to observe the points of divergence, but also the spheres where the Gorbat is unified with the global society
Therme, Clément. "Les relations entre Téhéran et Moscou depuis 1979." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0150.
Full textRussian-Iranian relations before the fall of the Soviet Union have been widely studied. In general, these studies analyze the relationship between Tehran and Moscow from the Russian point of view or in the International context; for example, the imperial rivalries in Asia in the 19th century or the East-West rivalry of the Cold War. Without denying the interest and the pertinence of these studies, this thesis aims at focusing on the Iranian perspectives. Given the ideological guidelines imposed upon the Iranian academic community by the authorities of the Islamic Republic, a new perspective 'is required that focuses on the Iranian perspective on international relations without any khomeinist ideological a priori. This study provides this new perspective as it departs from the khomeinist ideological framework. This study does not use the khomeinist intellectual legacy on international relations as an intellectual reference for studying the relationship between Tehran and Moscow since 1979. Instead, this becomes the object of this study. This particular bias provides an original approach of the Soviet-Russian case in Iranian foreign policy since 1979
Sohrabi, Narciss M. "La Révolution Iranienne et les espaces publics à Téhéran." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100069/document.
Full textThe 20th century for Iranian people was involved with various changes and challenges in terms of needs and expectations. The changes in needs were rooted in two completely different sources: oil and Mashrote. The oil as a blessing gift from ground was the source of changes and challenges in Iran and Midealeast and the Mashrote was the initiation source of thinking transformation about society and individual and group freedom among Iranian population which was followed by the numerous movement and challenges such as freedom, national and religious values.In the length of 20th century, Tehran as the capital city of Iran along with every change in the structure of government as well as every Ideology changes has experienced new forms which were influenced by the commands and desires of authorities. Depended to social-political changes, the authority’s power exercising in some duration increased and in some cases decrease and the influences of this ideological movement gradually reflected in social and cultural spaces of society. In the case that government tended to modernization, the modern spaces were formed and if the government was following the Islamic culture, the religious spaces got more attention.One of the critical durations was Islamic Revelation of 1978 which was putting a lot of efforts to negate the past durations and trying to establish the new form of society. The first years of Islamic Republic which was followed by the war between Iran and Iraq were the years that revolutionaries was trying to uphold the Islamic revelation rules. All these direct and indirect rules had effects on social city. Now after three decades of huge changes, the revelation convalescence has passed and we are witness of changes and transformations in government structure as well as management and control of spaces.To assess the ensemble of changes and the people positions in acceptance or ignorance of these changes, three districts with different social, economic and political structures were selected where Beryânak- Haft Chenar, Nârmak, Shahrak-e Gharb the behavior, values and the needs of residence of each district will be considered as a dialectical between residences and authorities. In city scale, the cultural and public spaces and their changes trend before and after of Islamic revolution were investigated
شروع قرن بیستم برای ایرانیان ، حامل چالش ها، تغییرات در زمینه نیازها و انتظارات بود، این تغییر خواسته هایدو سرچشمه کاملا متفاوت داشتند: نفت و مشروطه. نفت به عنوان نعمتی که از زمین می جوشید و سرچشمهتحولات و چالش های متفاوتی در ایران و خاورمیانه را در بر داشت، و مشروطیت که باعث تغییر و تحول در تفکرایرانیان نسبت به جامعه و آزادی های فردی و جمعی محسوب می شود، مشروطیتی که جنبش ها و چالش های بیشماری در پی داشت ، آزادی،ارزش های ملی یا ارزش های دینی .در طی سالهای قرن بیستم شهر تهران، پایتخت ایران ،با هر تغییر ساختار قدرت ، یعنی با هر تغییر ایده لوژی ، تحتتاثیر خواسته های دولتمردان ، فرمی جدیدی از اعمال فشار را تجربه کرده است. بسته به تغییر شرایط سیاسی اجتماعی در دوره هایی این کنترل و اعمال قدرت بر فضاهای عمومی رادیکال تر شده است و در بازه های زمانیکمتر. تاثیر تحولات ایدولوژیک بر فضاهای مرتبط با ساختار فرهنگی و جامعه بازتاب یافته است . اگر دولت بهدنبال مدرنیزاسیون بود، فضا های مدرن شکل می گرفتند و اگر به د نبال اشاعه فرهنگ اسلامی بود ، فضاهای مذهبیمورد توجه قرار گرفته اند.از دوره های حساس و قابل بحث ، انقلاب اسلامی سال 7531 بود که سعی در نفیساختارهای شکل گرفته در دوره های پیش از خود و در پی ایجاد فرم جدیدی از جامعه بود . اولین سالهای پس از حاکمشدن نظام جمهوری اسلامی و در پی آن جنگ مابین ایران و عراق بود ، که دهه اول پس از انقلاب را در بر می گیرد، مجموعه سالهایی بودند که انقلابیون در پی اجرای انجیل انقلابشان بودند. این مجموعه اعمال نظرها به طور مسقیم وغیر مستقیم بر کالبد و اجتماع شهری موثر بودند. در حال حاضر با گذشت بیش از سه دهه از این تحول عظیم ، دورهنقاهت پس از انقلاب اسلامی سپری شده است و در طی این سه دهه شاهد تغییر ، تحول و دگرگونی های در ساختارقدرت و نحوه اداره، مدیریت و کنترل فضای عمومی بوده ایم . برای بررسی مجموعه این تغییرات و جایگاه مردم،در رد یا قبول این تغییرات، سه محله با ساختار اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی متفاوت با نام های بریانک -هفتچنار، نارمک و شهرک غرب را انتخاب و بررسی نموده ایم . در طی این تحقیق در صدد تحلیل فرم فضا، نحوهتعریف فضای عمومی، ارزش ها و نیازهای ساکنین هر یک از این سه محله در مقیاس خرد پرداختیم .در مقیاس شهربه بررسی فضاهای فرهنگی عمومی و روند تغییراتشان در سالهای پیش از انقلاب اسلامی و پس از آن در مقیاسکلان پرداختیم. چراکه فضای عمومی را عرصه دیالکتیک میان ساکنین و قدرت می شناسیم، خواه در مقیاس محله،خواه در مقیاس یک شهر
Shirali, Mahnaz. "La jeunesse iranienne, une génération en crise : étude de cas les jeunes du quartier Gisha de Téhéran." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0134.
Full textSaïdi-Sharouz, Mina. "Les femmes dans la ville. Les mobilités quotidiennes à Téhéran : Perception et fréquentation des espaces publics par les femmes à Téhéran." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100168.
Full textIran today is more paradoxical than ever. While women's status imposes heavy constraints, women of Iran have never been more involved in social life. Who are these women? Where do they go? What do they do? These questions have rarely been asked, sometimes at national level, but never taking into account the complexity of the new urban reality, by working across social or cultural groups, at the local level of the boroughs of a city. This analysis of daily mobility of women in Tehran is a first approach to try to understand some of the paradox of Iran, and also the societies and cities of the Middle East. Through a historical study in a first chapters and the detailed analysis of the results of a survey conducted among 400 women living in different districts of the capital, the main trends of the spatial mobility of the women of Tehran have been outlined, as well as their impact on social mobility. Daily mobilities are seen not simply as a movement in space, a flow, a functional movement, but as the expression of new lifestyles and new aspirations. This analysis of daily mobility highlights important social and urban issues. A typology of mobility of women in Tehran from practices and their representation has benne established. Through this typology, one can see not only the social and cultural dynamics of Iranian women but also the social changes under way in Iran
Djamour, Yahya. "Contribution de la géodésie (GPS et nivellement) à l'étude de la déformation tectonique et de l'aléa sismique sur la région de Téhéran (montagnes de l'Alborz, Iran)." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20148.
Full textNazari, Hamid. "Analyse de la tectonique récente et active dans l'Alborz Central et la région de téhéran : approche morphotechtonique et paléoseismologique." Montpellier 2, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169765.
Full textSolaymani, Azad Shahryar. "Evaluation de l'aléa sismique pour les villes de Téhéran, Tabriz et Zandjan dans le NW de l'Iran : approche morphotectonique et paléosismologique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20041.
Full textThe Mosha fault is one of the major active faults in the southern Central Alborz between Longitudes E 50° 45' and E 52° 30'. This 190 kilometres long, N110°E trending fault is described as the source of several strong historical earthquakes, and is characterized by an outstanding morphological signature. Situated for its closest part, just 12 km at the north-eastern vicinity of the Tehran capital (15 million peoples with suburbs areas), the Mosha fault represents a potential source for strong earthquake that would certainly damage the Iranian metropolis. In order to better assess the seismic hazard associated to the Mosha fault, we carried out a morphotectonics and paleoseismological study, that we focused on the eastern and central parts of the fault (between Tar valley in the east and Lavasanat region in the west), where are observed clear evidences of a recent activity. The northwest of Iran is characterized by high level of historical seismicity and population density. To better evaluate the seismic hazard in NW Iran, we focused our studies on two regions (Tabriz and Zandjan). In the Tabriz region, twelve destructive historical earthquakes have been recorded since 858 AD. , most of them were associated to the North Tabriz strike slip Fault. On the SE segment of the fault (west of Bostanabad) the last macroseismic event occurred in 1721 AD and hit strongly the Tabriz city (present population more than 1200000). Along this segment, we observed in the morphology many evidences of nearly pure right lateral strike slip movements and we dug four trenches. The first results show that since 33. 5 K years this place experienced at least four major (M=7. 2-7. 4) seismic events including the last one in 1721. According to interseismic measurements (Masson et al. , 2006; Vernant et al. , 2006), long-term slip rate of the North Tabriz Fault could reach 5-6 mm/y. On the other hand, paleoseismological studies (Hessami et al. , 2003 and the present study) show an important difference concerning fault seismic behaviour between NW and SE segments. Based on the results of mentioned studies; the amount of large seismic events along NW segment of the fault is significantly greater than along the SE segment. This observation could indicate that fault slip rate along the Tabriz fault decreases from NW to SE. According to historical seismicity catalogues, the Zandjan region can be considered as a seismic gap even if a few low (M<5. 5) magnitude earthquakes have been recorded in the last century. Based on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), satellite images and aerial photo interpretations together with detailed field investigations, we have discovered a major active fault network. It is mainly constituted by several thrust faults with right lateral slip components trending NW-SE to N-S and it can be divided into three major fault zones affecting Zandjan city (present day population over 510000) and part of the Zandjan-Mianeh basin more to the west. Based on fault geometrical characteristics (fault length,. . . ) and kinematics, Zandjan fault system can produce moderate to large earthquakes and serious damages in surrounding areas. The study of these faults is, then, of major interest for seismic hazard assessment in Zandjan province where total population exceed 1. 5 million but also to better understand present day geodynamic of NW Iran
Rochard, Philippe. "Le "sport antique" des zurkhâne de Téhéran : formes et significations d'une pratique contemporaine." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10045.
Full textBahr, Peyma Abdolhamid. "Urbanisme et architecture durables à Yazd : de l’adaptation des techniques ancestrales au concept bioclimatique et à l’énergie solaire dynamique." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100056.
Full textThe subject of the thesis presents four aspects that are : The analysis of the physical phenomenon of solar radiance ; The description and the study of the construction techniques of the old and current buildings ; The analysis of the evolution of the mentalities and the means of bring the population to accept the architecture bioclimatique and solar ; The problem of the will lack politics of to go towards an urban planning and a durable architectures. We chose the city of Yazd; administrative center of a central province of Iran. Yazd possesses an old heart with enough houses well adapted to the hot and dry climate. The one of the advantages of the traditional architecture of the climatic adaptation is that if the lodging perfectly is isolated, itself it is provided properly of solar protective ones, itself it has a sufficient number of openings and if the day spaces and of night well localized, one will be able to overcome climatic difficulties and furnish environmental adequate conditions
Bazargan, Zahra. "Les classes de devoirs: une solution au problème de l'échec des enfants de milieux défavorisés de Téhéran ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213105.
Full textMalakooti, Hossein. "Météorologie et qualité de l'air dans une grande ville : application sur Téhéran, Iran." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00555962.
Full textRezaei, Naimeh. "Revitalisation des centres historiques en Iran : le cas du quartier d'Oudlajan à Téhéran." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010670.
Full textDespite its historical riches the old center of Tehran is now in a worrying state and the issue of preservation of its heritage has become the major challenge for conservatives and heritage advocates. Plans and propositions made to revitalize the historic center were largely useless. This thesis focuses on the reasons for the difficult revitalization of the historical center of Tehran. The study of Oudlajan, one of the historic neighbourhoods of Tehran, allows to understand the current state of urban heritage. According to our analysis, apart from the government policies in the different periods, the representation of heritage in Iranian society is strongly influenced by the thoughts and ideological trends. The desire to “change”, which has long existed in Iran, was accompanied by the rejection of tradition and history, destroying everything that is known as old. Due to authoritarian modernization, the city became a symbol of the break with history, tradition and local identity, imitating Western models. The study of the strategies employed by different actors highlights two different positions facing heritage of Oudlajan neighborhood. The position of the guardians, who see only the conservation of monuments. The action of these preservatives is limited to inventory, regulation and control. The position of the partisans of urban development can be divided into three groups: institutional actors seeking to renew older neighborhoods to increase their earthquake resistance; the actors who want new constructions for their economic interests; and, finally, the residents who wish to live in a new house and a modern neighbourhood. Approaches of these three groups show a lack of interest in heritage and historic spaces and a desire for modernization
Hosseïni, Seyed-Hassan. "La relation entre l'immigration et la désorganisation de la famille (le cas des immigrés installés au sud de Téhéran)." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Hosseini.Seyed_Hassan.LMZ9709.pdf.
Full textThe social and economical changes of industrial and unindustrial societies in the twentieth century and the last decades in particular, have caused basic and different changes in social institutions of those societies, so that the number of such phenomena as family disorganization or divorce has been increased. Social statistics indicates that, this is more true for industrial countries and big cities than unindustrial ones and small towns. Also, according to these researches, it can be said that, divorce has been more recorded among the immigrant groups or people living in the suburbs who are mostly immigrant themselves. Insofar as marriage, family formation and stable marital relations in each society are influenced by the cultural and social characters of that society, the fast social-economic changes bring about in turn, the cultural changes in social institutions. The immigrants too, are disoriented in accepting the new cultural elements or refusing their own cultural characters. This matter can be observed and studied in marital relations. The present thesis, studies theorically the family disorganization among the immigrants, and investigates the different reasons of divorcing more precisely by questioning the people in tehran's south, and comparing two groups of divorced and undivorced families
MANSOURI, SEYED-AMIR. "Etude des evolutions de l'architecture et de la ville de kerman." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010626.
Full textThe study of architectural and urban evalations in the city of kerman. Kerman is an ancient iranien city with a rich architecture which give it the caracter such a museum of architecture. In his story, the town has seen a lot of events which have influenced its urban structur and his architecture. Our study examins the urban evoluations of kerman in two chapiters : before et after arriving the islam in iran at the viith century. The research study the site of the city, its spacial organisation, the factors of its development and their directions in every historic epoch. There is in its frame monographic, an historic study of city and its urban elements in the form of the spacial, archeologic and monumental describtion. The second chapiter of the these is for the architectural caracter of the city of kerman. It examins the principals monuments of each periode. This part insist on the typology, the modules and the proportions in architecture. In the chapiter of conclusion, there are the urban and architecturals cacateristics of kerman in a methodic classement of the subjects symbolic-formals, urban fonctions, economic, religious, politic or cultural
ZAFARENTESSAB, KHALIL. "Le dynamisme des espaces industriels en iran depuis 1980." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081180.
Full textThe dynamism of industrial areas in iran during the last decades has mainly involved its capital, teheran, where most of the administra- tive and industrial powers and activities have been concentreted in only one site. As a consequense, a tremendous demographic explo- sion was observed, unadapted to the real infrastrutural capacities of teheran. The work is focused on a precise analysis of demography, economy, and to some extent sociology and ecology in iran, in its capital and in provinces and towns having potentialities for the industrial development. Some proposals are made for the necessary decentralization of teheran, in term of industry, and possibly also of administration
Kalantari, Soudabeh. "Étude épidémiologique et clinique des violences vécues par les femmes iraniennes : clinique des violences en contexte conjugal en Iran à Téhéran." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785574.
Full textMirzajan, Semsar Massoumeh. "Etude articulatoire et acoustique des sons du Fârsi parlé à Téhéran : comparaison avec le français." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20007.
Full textIs presented here an articulatory and acoustic study of the sounds of Tehran Fârsi, in comparison with French sounds. First, we give historical survey of the evolution of Persian language, up to Fârsi spoken nowadays in Tehran. Then, using a spectral analysis, we describe each vowel in different contexts : isolated vowels, vowels in words (in 3 different positions), and vowels in sentences. Duration and formant values were measured. Hence, we establish the vowel acoustic triangle of Fârsi, a task that had not yet been carried out. Finally, we briefly compare the vocalic systems of Fârsi and French. This work, besides its scientific and descriptive interest, may give useful precisions for teaching French to Iranians or Persian to French
Bahar, Mehri. "Le changement des objets dans la cérémonie commémorative du deuil de l'imam Hossein, étude comparée à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du bazar de Téhéran avant et après la révolution islamique (1979)." Paris, INALCO, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAL0001.
Full textIn this thesis with regard to knowledge of anthropology and cultural studies we face with following main question : Any changes have been taken in tools used during mourning ceremony of Imam Hossein at Tehran Bazaar with compare to outside of it and by considering women before and after revolution ? If yes in what field did this changes taken places ? Bazaar Tehran has been chosen at the most focus centre for economical and cultural activities before and after 1978 Revolution. For identifying changes in the said tools. Based on applied approach and terminology, we used methods of documentation research, participatory observation and interview. In this study we reached new findings : 1- In general the mourning ceremony in new era have undergone considerable change. 2. These changes have been taken place in the form and contents of mourning ceremony. Apparently the volume of mourning ceremony in standing position (heating on chest) and in mosques has been decreased and moving ceremony in the form of heating at the back by chain increased. 3. Women participation in mourning ceremony changed from quantity point of view. If in the past women were in side line of mourning ceremony, in new era women while preserving their mourning organization, move along with mourners in streets and in many cases they participate in management of mourning ceremony. 4. Because of the conditions of Iran many of respected symbols such as the picture of martyrs and religious leaders symbols of revolution, war songs and political slogans in the form of placard, new musical instrument, new colours, literary, religious and political texts have entered the ceremony
Safatian, Massoud. "Organisation et aménagement touristique dans la région de Shahsavar-Nowshahr (Iran)." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100238.
Full textZamanifard, Ali. "La conservation des villes historiques du plateau central de l'Iran : le cas de la ville de Yazd : analyse et orientations pour une politique de gestion patrimoniale holistique et multidisciplinaire intégrée." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH012.
Full textThis thesis addresses the issue of the conservation of historic towns in central Iran, mostly built with raw earth materials. These have become ill-adapted to the evolution of society and inserted into a vast and dispersed modern urban fabric. The thesis reveals the close relationship between the historic town and its domestic architecture with the traditional society, family and social structure matters as well as the customs, ceremonies and festive rites that define the lives of urban populations. Heritage is clearly studied through the prism of history and the values of traditional society that aspires both to modernity and the preservation of its cultural heritage, thus dealing with conflicting and complex issues in the quest to incorporate heritage in a process of cultural and social evolution. Facing the development challenges posed by the modern city, the tourism industry and globalization, the preservation of cultural, social, economic, scientific and historic values in Iran and the transmission of a heritage that is highly exposed to degradation due to large mutations at different scales (architecture, city and territory), represent major challenges for today's Iranian society. Thus, the research analyzes the qualities of a heritage that has defined its character in a close and harmonious relationship with a desert environment. It demonstrates that it would be beneficial to take into full consideration a knowledge and know-how of proven high intelligence but now at risk of extinction, even though they remain fully relevant in view of the challenges of sustainable development today. This thesis illustrates the case of the city of Yazd, particularly representative of the issues covered by the research and at the heart of the paradox between urban development and conservation; it highlights the need for an integrated, holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the conservation of the historic towns of central Iran
Lantos, Zsolt Gábor. "Architecture urbaine et anthropologie culturelle de la ville nouvelle élamite de Dûr-Untas̆ (Tchoga-Zanbil)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010594.
Full textDesset, François. "Éléments d'archéologie du plateau iranien, de la 2eme moitié du 4ème au début du 2ème millénaire av. J. -C. (ca. 3500-1800 av. J. -C. )." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010625.
Full textMajdzadeh, Bahar. "Labyrinthe mnémonique : comment traduire un héritage annihilé : Iran 1979-1988." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H303.
Full textThis thesis reflects the confrontation, both theoretical and practical, of an artist with a violent past, the one of Iran between 1979 and 1988. From the effects that the state violence had within the different social groups but also in the space, a number of topics have progressively been discussed throughout this thesis ; the trace, the collective memory, the temporality, and more specifically, the representation in the face of, what was for me, as an artist, a fundamental paradox, that is the existence of photographic images of spectral phenomena of which, there cannot be, by their nature, any image. I addressed this issue in relation to the historical, political, social, and cultural context of Iran. In an attempt to translate and understand this past, I studied key concepts found in philosopher’s works such as Georges Didi-Huberman, Jacques Ranciere, Georgio Agemben, Maurice Halbwachs, etc. Given the lack of intellectual and artistic works about the decade of the 1980s in Iran, I looked into several productions of artists from countries that witnessed mass violence during the 20th century, in order to draw a parallel between the challenges they faced and the ones I was confronted with, in my work
Rabani, Khorasgani Rasool. "Univers culturel des migrants et planification urbaine : le cas des villes nouvelles." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20044.
Full textMirbagheri, Mahsa. "Urban cemetery biophilic integration for human well-being : an applied case study of Tehran, Iran." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671834.
Full textLos cementerios son una realidad antigua, y aunque su función básica no ha cambiado, su configuración física, así como su papel simbólico y emocional, ha sufrido profundas transformaciones a lo largo del tiempo. El diccionario de Oxford define literalmente cementerio como "un amplio espacio de entierro". El significado en el diccionario Americano es similar: "Un lugar para enterrar los muertos". Estas definiciones de cementerio en ambos diccionarios mencionan de forma significativa los muertos y su lado más sombrío. No sólo estas definiciones, sino también la zonificación urbanística moderna de los cementerios, niegan su papel como espacios públicos abiertos verdes y su potencial para contribuir al bienestar humano. La segregación de cementerios responde a planeamientos urbanísticos en dos dimensiones, sin tener en consideración sus relaciones con otros espacios urbanos y sin una comprensión real de los comportamientos humanos. El proceso habitual de desarrollo urbano trata los cementerios como espacios urbanos con una función singular aislada, no como parte de tejidos urbanos más amplios. Esta visión conduce a la aparición de espacios urbanos sin ninguna calidad de diseño. La presente investigación ha sido concebida para ahondar en el proceso de integración de los cementerios urbanos con las ciudades y la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos siguiendo un enfoque biofílico (a través del caso de estudio de Irán). Este estudio puede contribuir tanto a la investigación académica como a la toma de decisiones de planeamiento en relación con el papel de los cementerios urbanos en las ciudades y su respuesta al bienestar humano. La tesis se basa en dos partes de revisión bibliográfica relativas a la evaluación de cementerios existentes en términos de diseño urbano y a la aplicación de métodos aplicados biofílicos. Pone de manifiesto la necesidad de intervenir a diferentes escalas (planeamiento, diseño urbano, arquitectura y paisajismo) con el fin de desarrollar el proceso de integración de los cementerios. El caso de estudio de Tehran y las referencias a casos internacionales conducen a formular estrategias generales y pautas para detallar este proceso
Nazari, Hamid. "Analyse de la tectonique récente et active dans l'Alborz Central et la région de Téhéran :« Approche morphotectonique et paléoseismologique »." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169765.
Full textdans l'Alborz Central - chaîne de montagne active située au Nord de l'Iran et bordant le bassin Sud-
Caspien - et de caractériser l'aléa sismique dans la région de Téhéran, située sur le front Sud de
cette chaîne, où vivent quinze millions d'habitants. Les méthodes d'analyse misent en oeuvre sont
celles de l'étude morphotectonique et de la paléosismologie (images satellitaires, photos aériennes,
Modèles Numériques de terrains, géomorphologie, géologie du quaternaire, tranchées). Après un
rappel du cadre géologique et structural, une nouvelle synthèse paléogéographique à l'échelle de
l'Alborz – resitué dans le contexte de convergence entre l'Arabie et l'Eurasie - est proposée à partir de
l'analyse des structures et de leur réactivation au cours du temps. L'analyse de la cinématique des
failles actives, en particulier dans la zone interne de l'Alborz Central, permet de proposer un nouveau
modèle géodynamique de la région Sud-Caspienne. Un premier bilan de l'alea sismique (source,
vitesse, magnitude, intervalle de récurrence) est dressé pour la région de Téhéran.
Pieri, Caecilia. "La brique, la palme et le béton : stratégies de la modernité urbaine à Bagdad, 1921-1958." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0082.
Full textWith the Orientalist imagery casting Baghdad a vanished mirage, that of wars tending to transform it into a foil, and finally the "advertising policy" of a regime which functioned for thirty years as a screen between Iraq and the rest of the world, how can a clear perception of the modem city of Baghdad be achieved now? The thesis aims at identifying and evaluating the main stages of transformation of Baghdad's urban and architectural landscape, between 1921 and 1958 within the national and the international context. The organisation of the urban space and the formation of the architectural corpus are envisioned as paradigms of a complex identity, as they embody the various mechanisms of decision at stake in the development of a modern capital city. In assessing this manifold diachronic evolution, three different approaches are intertwined: an enquiry on shaping patterns and processes, within the hybridisation embedded in the modernisation of buildings; an exploration of the modernisation of a society, through the interaction between housing forms/uses and urban forms/practices; finally a study of the historical and political context, and the modernisation of the State, by emphasizing the relationship between nation-building and the construction of an emblematic city
Moallemi, Shima. "Expatriation en France et développement de compétences pragmatiques (et) interculturelles. D’une enquête auprès d’Iraniens expatriés à l’expérimentation d’une démarche didactique dans des instituts de FLE à Téhéran." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://bibnum.univ-paris3.fr/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=323345.
Full textLocated at the crossroads of intercultural pragmatics and French as a foreign language (FFL) teaching, this dissertation aims to understand the challenges of developing pragmatic and intercultural skills both during an expatriation experience (in France or in Iran) and in the context of learning French as a foreign language in private institutes in Iran.As a first step, comprehensive interviews were conducted with Iranian expatriates living in France and French expatriates living in Iran in order to identify possible difficulties they encounter in intercultural communication and to understand their experience of socialization in a foreign language. The analysis highlighted the importance of identity issues in the appropriation of politeness norms in Lx. Three types of reactions could be identified among French and Iranian expatriates, namely the adoption of other’s culture, resistance to it and a feeling of intercultural insecurity. In an action-research perspective, the results obtained during this survey were used to develop a didactic sequence to be used with Iranian learners of FFL in Tehran. The analysis of the intercultural dynamics that emerged during the exploitation of this sequence was able to shed light on the relationship to otherness among Iranian learners. This relationship is manifested in a positive discourse about the other and a negative discourse about oneself, in other words, learners distance themselves from the practice of politeness in Persian (ta’ârof) and seek an ideal in the other
Faturehchi, Mohammad Mahdi. "Typologie des Usages et de la dépendance des internautes iraniens et français. Une étude comparée : Université de Téhéran et université de Metz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0343.
Full textConsidering the reality that always it is quite clear that some forms of Internet usage may seem more important than the others and that some of them may be consider as a serious problem treating young adults users, this research on the hand, intended to study the all types of Internet usage and their intensity before Iranian and French students, and on the other hand, it is interested in discovering an eventual dependence to internet among them to explain and analyze easily un existing reality in the universities environment. Also, this survey aimed to measure Internet usage rate in comparison with other media in everyday life of students. We firstly tried to classify all types of Internet uses (the functions) which are more common to the users and the rate of their satisfaction. The basic empirical of this comparative study was based on two quantitative survey using inquiry by which this research has been fulfilled in Iran and French on a sample of 300 social sciences students of first cycle (bachelor) in 2010. Our findings are based on a comparison, two samples and two different populations (Iran and French) emerging from two different culture. We have confirmed that Iranian respondents use Internet mainly for seeking information, then for communicative purposes and at last for entertainment, but the French respondents use it firstly for communicative purposes, and informative and entertainment functions occupied respectively second and third place. Also, the number of users who are dependent to Internet with a small difference is lower than 10% (while French respondents are more dependent than Iranian) and almost a third of Iranian and French respondents are satisfied of Internet (while French are more satisfied of Internet than Iranian). This study demonstrate that French respondents in comparison with Iranian use Internet more frequently for educational objectives and another result of the research shows that there is a meaningful correlation between usage period of Internet for educational purposes and the rate of reading journals. Also, a finding reveals that there is a meaningful relation with high correlation between the sex and Internet usage function only before French respondents