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Academic literature on the topic 'Urbanisme – Japon – Tōkyō (Japon)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urbanisme – Japon – Tōkyō (Japon)"
Takeshita, Junko. "Urbanisme et centralité, le cas de Tokyo." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H015.
Full textThis thesis develops a sociological observation on the town of Tokyo, whose question is focused about the formation of the urban centre. The specificty of the subject requires a general presentation as well as a cultural analysis, and thus orients itself towards a comparative study, particularly in relation to the Occidental cases. Some investigations into the life style of the contemporary Japanese explain another kind of individualism in their own way, in consequence of an atypical development, bound to the materialism and to the Westernization. These factors shape the main structure of this exceptionally advanced country's hybrid culture. The history of the city, through symbolic architectures, in that sense tells every period's peculiar social orientation, and describes the process of modernization. The urbanization is thus studied as a product of social changes, mainly due to demographic and industrial transfers. Such a phenomenological research makes it possible to underline a unique conception in Tokyo city's town planning : that of a "circular" model, massively applied to public projects, from transport networks to central zones' structures. Regarded as an alternative policy between concentration and expansion, this enterprise of the future magalopolis creates a unifying value of centrality
Languillon, Raphael. "Global Tokyo : ville mature, métropole renaissante." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22008/document.
Full textTokyo is a mature city characterized by two elements: its working population shrinks because of the demographic ageing, and its economic indicators stagnate (Growth Urban Product, real estate prices, stagflation). Nevertheless, in stead of this state, the urban frame of central spaces has been rapidly renewed since the turn of the 2000s. The dynamism of high rise building construction contrasts with the urban context. The urban renaissance policy initiated in 2002 by the central government encourages the great transformation of Tokyo’s central and sub‐central spaces. It allows to articulate public and private agents developing big urban renaissance projects, which concentrate investments in few urban spaces. This doctoral research work analyzes the impacts of urban maturity on real estate activities and on spatial restructurations of Tokyo’s urban frame. It investigates the strategy mutations of public and private agents involved in urban making. Maturity is the core of this PhD: What is a « mature » city? How to continue to create values in such a context of economic and demographic stagnation? This PhD thesis makes three conclusions. The mature city slightly changes at the macro scale, but faces intense internal recomposition at the meso and micro scales. It maximizes competition between agents and territories. As a result of this general competition, Tokyo is recomposed in hot spots, where are concentrated the investments, and in cold spots where economic and demographic losses are important. In order to maintain interessant rentability levels, a new capital accumulation regime appears: a « dynamic » capital accumulation regime. This new regime maximizes profits by speeding the rotation of capital and real estate investments speeding up the obsolescence of buildings and developing a cycle rotation of investments by category (commercial, residential, equipments, hotels). The counterpart is the shrinkage of economically profitable spaces. The mature city is therefore characterized by a spatial and temporal shrinkage of investments, and leads to more and more concentrated and more and more short- termist logics
Scoccimarro, Rémi. "Le rôle structurant des avancées sur la mer dans la baie de Tôkyô : production et reproduction de l’espace urbain." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/scoccimarro_r.
Full textDuring the so-called Bubble Economics in Japan (1985-1991), the large coastal landfills and reclaimed lands in the Tokyo bay area have been particularly affected by huge urban projects. The proximity to the city center (the toshin) and the special property structure of Japanese reclaimed lands (umetatechi) put it at the immediate private and public urban planners’ disposal. These large urban projects (more than 400 ha. For some of these), designed in the 1980s, started to be built only in the middle of the 1990s, after the collapse of the Bubble, which means in a context of land prices deflation while its funding was adapted to the faith of a never-ending land prices growth in Japanese cities. The biggest of these operations are Rinkaifukutoshin in Tôkyô, Minato Mirai 21 in Yokohama and Makuhari Shintoshin in Chiba. These operations were the starting point of the renewal of the Japanese megacities’ port areas. We focused on the most important one, in space and spending, the Rinkaifukutoshin. How, beyond its chaotic development, it started an actual renewal of Tôkyô port’s reclaimed lands. How does this lead today to the reorganization of the urban core of the world largest city? What kinds of urban spaces it produces at the end? After the introduction of our field of work, Tôkyô and its bay, we attempt to demonstrate how the Rinkaifukutoshin operation is to be understood as a result, in its conception, of the globalization of Tôkyô megacity in the 80s. We then analyze the effects of the collapse of the Bubble on the planning and the nowadays urban product due to the successive adaptations of the development method. Second, we show how the redevelopment of the inner part of Tokyo harbor correspond to a real urbanization process, matching with a model resulting in some part of the experience of the Rinkaifukutoshin, but also of the background of more than 15 years of land prices deflation. It enables us to explain clearly how this redevelopment has a key role in the restructuration of the central quarters of the Japanese capital, in the context of the toshinkaiki, the “return to the city center” of urban populations. At least, we deal with the question of the urban nature of all these new constructions and the emergence of a new kind of space in the Japanese megacities: the wôtâfuronto, glocal translation of waterfront. This leads us to tackle the question of the future of newly constructed and planned reclaimed lands in the Tôkyô bay. It faces new resistances, based on environmental protection but more than that, the problem of surproduction of raw space in Tokyo area, while the production system is still in function with the disposal in the sea of urban wastes and refuses
Asanuma-Brice, Cécile. "La transformation de la périphérie urbaine de Tokyo par les organismes de logements publics." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0049.
Full textIf social housing estates stigmatized some territories in France, it does not seem to be the same everywhere, Japanese, meanwhile, maintain an image of these rural areas. Japan has experienced the same economic cycles than France, we questioned about a possible gap between the formal reality related, or mass production of housing for population of workers that was set near production sites and the chosen image and collectively conveyed the same place. Through this, it will demonstrate that the image can have a territory is less tied to the land itself, the urban form, as current practices in this area, constituting culture of the place. Economic policies chosen after the war were able to play in this process, recovery images of idealized imaginary space to produce and to accept residents see, for extreme enhancement of the image of the place, to achieve that the resident calls himself spaces whose planning has motivated solely by economic return from that product. Urban planning rules and multiply generated prohibited in enclosed spaces inhabited security discourse without success to question the motivations behind these societal dysfunction. The Japanese government, not having been able to meet its objectives, decides to cease its involvement in the housing sector and financial disengages from 2005. The triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami, nuclear power plant explosion in Fukushima) experienced by Japan March 11, 2011 could generate a new commitment of the State of one of the roles is to protect its population. But the current situation seems to confirm the intent of a transmission role of the welfare state to the private sector
Fiévé, Nicolas. "Espace architectural et urbain dans le Japon médiéval : histoire de la ville de Kyôto et de l'architecture résidentielle aux XIVe et XVe siècles." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070011.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is an analysis of the ancient representations of the city of heiankyo from its foundation in the viiith. C until the begining of the modern era. These urban types are then investigated in their historical context. In the medieval city no particuliar building has the symbolical function of center (center of the city, of the world) as the former palace in the classical period. The anthropological study of the ashikaga's mansions shows that residencial space of the warriors occured as a decided reproduction of the aristocratic mansion style and, moreover, it is structured by permanent oppositions, independant with the evolution of the external forms of the building. Nevertheless, the definition of these structures is not sufficiant to understand in a global view the architectural space of the warriors medievbal residence, particularly to make more explicite the links between the conceptual and the physical space of a building. To cover up these limits, it seems ,ecessary to develop a study of the new architectonic and decorative elements which characterise the medieval resid
Rezai, Amin Sharareh. "L' impact urbain des bases militaires américaines à Okinawa, un territoire forgé par l’occupation." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100081.
Full textOkinawa differs from the rest of Japan geographically, historically and culturally. In 1945, the island was the site of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific. From 1945 to the 1960’s, the military U. S. Forces occupy the areas used for their bases which they appropriate as their own territory and also run the island and control its people administratively, politically and economically. The bases have an impact on the territory and have implications for daily life in certain neighborhoods. Urban forms linked to the military presence are expanding in civilian areas: the "American Streets". They are commercial districts offering entertainment for Americans. In 1972, Okinawa returns to Japan, but the American territorial occupation continues practically unchanged. Despite significant investments in tourism, the economy remains dependent on the U. S. Presence and Japanese government subsidies. With the study of American streets and returned military lands, this thesis analyses in which extent the American military installations will impact durably the territory and the society of Okinawa. The study focus on the Koza town, where there was a district catering specifically to African American soldiers. Apple Town is another district whose decline reflects the consequences of the departure of American troops. American Village is a project aimed at empowering Okinawa, but whose design processes are linked to the bases. Two examples of this are projects in Makiminato and in Yomitan, which illustrate different dynamics of the development of former military lands returned to their owners. The U. S. Military presence determines any prospect of development for Okinawa
Moreau, Yoann. "Catastrophes et mondes : disputes et trajectoires du sens des aléas majeurs." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0516.
Full textThe word "catastrophe" refers to events that would be unequivocably harmful. Yet, this normative load correspoçnds only in part to the practical implications of events to which this term is applied. This shift reflects the pregnacy of a cultural form of catastrophism. The phenomena qualified as catastrophes appear as much more complex and ambivalent, so much so that they raise major social disputes and controversies. After a disaster, the legitimacy of the established paradigm of knowledge is challenged especially because its model for predicting and preventing has failed. This "critical period" allows us to observe which other paradigms of knowledge are present in the margins and "off screen" of the social field. The comparative analysis of different case studies (historical and ethnological) shows a divergence of interpretative paths but also brings to light the fundamental nature of the social dispute. Mobilizing two conceptual apparatuses - Augustin Berque's "mesology" and Philippe Descola's "grammar of cosmologies" - we propose interpretative categories (risk, constraint, resource, leisure) and explanatory classes (causes, motives, reasons, principles) that shape the dispute's framework. Then the dispute itself appears as an essential regulation of a "medial device"
Mizuma, Yoko. "Le parc public au Japon : une forme paysagère hybride -Les apports de l’école française de paysage-." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0019.
Full textSubsequent to the 1868 Meiji revolution, the opening of the country was a time of great change in urban planning and in the art of the garden in Japan. Under influences from the West, the layout of towns and the model of the Japanese garden were both diversified and this development was reinforced and accelerated by a new element in the urban space, introduced from abroad, the « public park ».Two schools of landscaping were pioneers in this trend: the Seiroku Honda school, established at the Imperial University in Tokyo, and the Hayato Fukuba school based in the Shinjuku Gyoen Imperial Garden. The two founders did not share the same philosophy of landscaping: the former was founded on forestry and on town and country planning, inspired by theories developed in Germany, and the latter was based on examples of horticulture and garden design from France: the treatise by Edouard André, “General Treatise on the Composition of Parks and Gardens” (Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins), published in 1879, in particular, exerted a clear influence.In the present thesis, I will defend the hypothesis that a new type of space appeared: the public park, evolving from the principle achievements of the two schools during the opening up of the country in 1868 and until the 1930s. Using the “comparatist” method, I retrace the traditions of garden design in Japan and in France informed by the study of projects for public parks and gardens in France during the Second Empire, where the French school of landscaping flourished (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), and I analyse the characteristics of the parks and gardens laid out by the two pioneer landscape gardeners and their followers (Shinjuku Gyoen, Hibiya Park, Hamachô Park, Narita-san Park). I also research the training for landscape gardening and the formats used for transfer of knowledge among horticulturalists.My research covers both historical and practical aspects. I use the methods of the historian for the consultation of archives and for documentary research; the methods of a landscape gardener for the techniques of surveying and the interpretation of projects. Analysing both French and Japanese parks from various thematic standpoints (paths, planting, water features, project management and layout), I demonstrate the influence of the French school of landscaping on the development of the public park in Japan. I reserve an important place to iconography and to graphics analysis, often hitherto unpublished. Finally, my thesis presents new elements concerning the effects in Japan, in this largely unexplored domain, of the art of gardening in its relation to the public park
Marmignon, Patricia. "Paysage et socialité à Ōsaka depuis Meiji : la création de l'urbain et du périurbain au Japon : vers une nouvelle socialité ?" Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0112.
Full textThis study explores the development of Osaka built-up area since Meiji (1868), through the problematic of the interaction between landscape and sociality. The urban and suburban landscape models are analysed in their own evolution through tools, processes and actors, often pioneers in Osaka, matrix in Japanese city planning. Then, communities (kyôdôtaigemeinschaft) and local communities (komyuniti-gesellschaft) are studied through these models in the history and in an ecological approach. At last, the trend in sociality is got from. Osaka, which looks like at the Chicago model, is tending today towards a compact-city where the private holds the major part in the collaboration
Ishida, Keiichi. "Techniques, formes et usages de l'espace des voies publiques : les cas de la voirie urbaine en France et au Japon : essai de mise au point d'une méthode d'enquête iconographique." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0011/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is interested in cultural effect of homogenisation of the technical systems of urban public roads in international level (France and Japan). I approach this question by observation about relations among techniques, forms and uses: techniques by which public roads are built (not only techniques of construction but also of regulations, specifications, organizations, designs to built it), forms according to which public roads are built and uses which are in these spaces. We can see a propensity of the techniques to built these spaces according to traffic systems shared in two countries. This tendency often carries out identical forms with the same functions for motor vehicle traffics. However, we consider public space, a space usable freely as a common place. It uses can be different according to cultures. The question of research arises: “cultural effect of homogenisation of roadway system techniques”. To develop this research, I study concepts of urban public roads. I chose the iconographic questionnaire which makes possible to collect sketches (forms) and uses of public roads. And also the difficulty of translation let us think about this method of iconographic observation. I propose for analysis a method of visualization of data. This visualization: Matrice ordonnable allows observing circumstance of all of relations of the data which are visualized. With the exit of this thesis, I will establish cultural different of urban public roads. In other words, the international technical system does not generate such homogeneous uses
Books on the topic "Urbanisme – Japon – Tōkyō (Japon)"
Berque, Augustin. Du geste à la cité: Formes urbaines et lien social au Japon. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1993.
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