Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urbanisme – Méthodes de simulation'
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Saint-Pierre, Louis. "La réalité augmentée : une approche de simulation urbaine interactive." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ55793.pdf.
Full textMohamed-Ahmed, Ashraf. "La 3D interactive en temps réel comme aide à l'acquisition des connaissances spatiales: étude de l'influence du mode d'exploration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22542/22542.pdf.
Full textThis research is part of the general framework of real time 3D interaction as a tool for representation, aided design and communication of design ideas. A factor, interaction and more precisely, navigation in a non immersive 3D Virtual Environment (VE), is the research subject. Using an experimental approach, the influence of real time 3D interaction on the acquisition of spatial knowledge is demonstrated, through observation of exploration modes in a complex virtual space. The research results stress a positive influence on spatial understanding through 3D interaction of visited environments during an active exploration. However, during passive exploration mode, the results revealed sketches with more spatial representations errors.
Biron, Karole. "Dynamique forme/lumière : exploration du processus de création de l'espace architectural par modèles maquettes/images." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25823/25823.pdf.
Full textThe act of creation is a privileged moment at the time of its artistic and architectural process. It is, among other things, the time and place for imagination, for experimentation with matter, for conceptual development and for the construction of what is perceived. It is a moment of enthusiasm and effervescence when we instinctively manipulate as well as conceive intellectually. As for the «Art of space», multiple factors are to be considered from the origin of its process such as, shapes, colours, sizes and positioning. Beyond each of these parameters, space, scene of its multiple interactions, becomes a creation in itself. This research particularly leans on the spatial and perceptual relation between objects and light, two elements completing and modifying each other in various ways, whereas its esthetic potential is obvious. It suggests the resetting of the creative process by direct and simple manipulations with matter, through miniature tryouts and photographic images, two familiar media of architectural practice. These minimal interventions simultaneously present a richness in spatial relations as well as information on luminous surroundings. The research proposes the circumscription of a vocabulary of the main parameters linking objects with light, leading to the elaboration of a method of creation and analysis to assist architects and artists in their creative explorations. The theoretical framework releases notions, principles and terms related to space, form, light and perception, assisting in the construction of physical models to visualize and control aspects of the invention. An exploration of a series of parameters of objects and lighting complete the research in order to stimulate the imagination and creativity in architecture.
Kovacs, Yves. "Modèles de simulation d'écoulement transitoire en réseau d'assainissement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520785.
Full textBourgeois, Denis J. "Detailed occupancy prediction, occupancy-sensing control and advanced behavioural modelling within whole-building energy simulation." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22706/22706.pdf.
Full textCherqui, Frédéric. "Méthodologie d'évaluation d'un projet d'aménagement durable d'un quartier - méthode ADEQUA." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012089.
Full textKheyroddin, Reza. "Le renouvellement urbain à Téhéran, politiques, pratiques et méthodes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100060/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the spatial analysis of urban regeneration policies in Tehran municipal perimeter. How the urban actions in the last decades, in paradoxical trends, led to a stronger socio-spatial rupture in Tehran? Tehran well-known urban geography shows up a considerable difference between the wealthy North and the poor South, but today, this fracture has been transformed to a new and more complex socio-spatial structure with a deeper opposition between North and South, a more degraded city centre and sprawled peripheries. This new context necessitates an urban renewal, with new policies and methods, taking into account global and local scales.Tehran has experienced various urban plans and operations. These actions were never fully implemented and leaving the capital city of Iran unachieved. The innovative urban renovation policies by the Tehran municipality since 1990, deeply changed both the city’s appearance (building of towers in Northern Tehran) and the urban governance with selling in large scale illegal derogation for higher density of construction permits (Tarakom forushi/Sell of density) in order to finance the city’s budget. The output of multivariable analysis of the physical and social characteristics of the urban districts (112 districts/Nâhiyeh) shows that the most recent policies failed in several issues. It did not improve the vulnerability of old central and south parts of Tehran that could be dramatically hit by a possible major earthquake (400,000 casualties, 55% of buildings damaged); The socio-economic and physical spatial rupture has been strengthened. This empirical study is discussed in the framework of the scientific on urban regeneration dealing especially on the dialectic between micro/local and macro/global (Glocal) issues. Based on this Glocal approach and via a multivariable spatial analysis, a new model is proposed for urban renewal, governance and method of analysis, at the suitable local scale of the districts (nahiyeh) to be used by local or municipal policy makers
Poncet, Philippe. "Méthodes particulaires pour la simulation des sillages tridimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004699.
Full textXiao, Yi-Jun. "Contribution aux méthodes arithmétiques pour la simulation accélérée." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9031.
Full textViseur, Sophie. "Simulation stochastique basée-objet de chenaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL036N.
Full textStoltz, Gabriel. "Quelques méthodes mathématiques pour la simulation moléculaire et multiéchelle." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166728.
Full textOuld, Salihi Mohamed Lemine. "Couplage de méthodes numériques en simulation directe d'écoulements incompressibles." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004901.
Full textStoltz, Gabriel. "Quelques méthodes mathématiques pour la simulation moleculaire et multiéchelle." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0708.
Full textThis work presents some contributions to the theoretical and numerical study of models used in practice in the field of molecular simulation. In particular, stochastic techniques to compute more efficiently ensemble averages in the field of computational statistical physics are presented and analyzed. An important application is the computation of free energy differences using nonequilibrium or adaptive dynamics. Some stochastic or deterministic techniques to solve approximately the Schrödinger ground state problem for high dimensional systems are also studied. Finally, some reduced models for shock and detonation waves, relying on an average stochastic dynamics reproducing in a mean sense the high dimensional deterministic hamiltonian dynamics, are proposed
Gillyboeuf, Jean-Philippe. "Diverses méthodes chimère pour la simulation numérique d'écoulements stationnaires." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT127H.
Full textPapadopoulos, Christos. "Méthodes de simulation stochastiques rapides et applications en fiabilité." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1213.
Full textMinvielle-Larrousse, Pierre. "Méthodes de simulation stochastique pour le traitement de l’information." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3005.
Full textWhen a quantity of interest is not directly observed, it is usual to observe other quantities that are linked by physical laws. They can provide information about the quantity of interest if it is able to solve the inverse problem, often ill posed, and infer the value. Bayesian inference is a powerful tool for inversion that requires the computation of high dimensional integrals. Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods, a.k.a. interacting particles methods, are a type of Monte Carlo methods that are able to sample from a sequence of probability densities of growing dimension. They are many applications, for instance in filtering, in global optimization or rare event simulation.The work has focused in particular on the extension of SMC methods in a dynamic context where the system, governed by a hidden Markov process, is also determined by static parameters that we seek to estimate. In sequential Bayesian estimation, the determination of fixed parameters causes particular difficulties: such a process is non-ergodic, the system not forgetting its initial conditions. It is shown how it is possible to overcome these difficulties in an application of tracking and identification of geometric shapes by CCD digital camera. Markov Monte Carlo Chain (MCMC) sampling steps are introduced to diversify the samples without altering the posterior distribution. For another material control application, which mixes static and dynamic parameters, we proposed an original offline approach. It consists of a Particle Marginal Metropolis-Hastings (PMMH) algorithm that integrates Rao-Blackwellized SMC, based on a bank of interacting Ensemble Kalman filters.Other information processing works has been conducted: particle filtering for atmospheric reentry vehicle tracking, 3D radar imaging by sparse regularization and image registration by mutual information
Lemoy, Rémi. "The City as a Complex System : Statistical Physics and Agent-Based Simulations on Urban Models." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22029/document.
Full textSocial and natural sciences share an interest for collective phenomena, which constitute an important part of the domain of complex systems. This thesis focuses on the study of urban systems, using analytical tools inspired by statistical physics, and also simulations, in particular agent-based models.A first analytical resolution of a Schelling spatial segregation model is presented, using a statistical physics framework linking individual and collective dynamics. This framework shows that utility or welfare in socio-economic models corresponds to a chemical potential in physics, a correspondence which is applied to a urban housing model. The housing market is further studied with a parsimonious price formation model. The implementation of an agent-based model, which reproduces the results of the standard urban economics (AMM) model, provides a second point of view on urban systems and the interaction between transport and land use. The simulations give results also when analytical resolution is lacking. The model is used to study the economic, environmental and social outcomes of having an amenity in the urban area and of polycentric cities. With two income groups, this work provides insights on the different urban social structures in North American and European cities for instance
Hamrouni, Abdelaziz. "L'évolution de l'aire métropolitaine de Tunis : évaluation critique des méthodes de planification et des systèmes de décision à travers des cas d'urbanisme péri-urbain." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120018.
Full textThe research studies systems of decision and models of planification as factors to explain the urban of tunis and its suburbs, beside the classical factors as historical heritage, grouth of population, and economic resaons
Demogeot, Thierry. "Développement de l'environnement de simulation Gaspe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL064N.
Full textBonithon, Gaël. "Méthodes numériques innovantes pour la simulation thermique de composants électroniques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00547880.
Full textApraez, Camilo. "Étude comparative de méthodes de simulation de la stabilité transitoire." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1000/1/APRAEZ_Camilo.pdf.
Full textSilva, lopes Laura. "Méthodes numériques pour la simulation d'évènements rares en dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1045.
Full textIn stochastic dynamical systems, such as those encountered in molecular dynamics, rare events naturally appear as events due to some low probability stochastic fluctuations. Examples of rare events in our everyday life includes earthquakes and major floods. In chemistry, protein folding, ligandunbinding from a protein cavity and opening or closing of channels in cell membranes are examples of rare events. Simulation of rare events has been an important field of research in biophysics over the past thirty years.The events of interest in molecular dynamics generally involve transitions between metastable states, which are regions of the phase space where the system tends to stay trapped. These transitions are rare, making the use of a naive, direct Monte Carlo method computationally impracticable. To dealwith this difficulty, sampling methods have been developed to efficiently simulate rare events. Among them are splitting methods, that consists in dividing the rare event of interest into successive nested more likely events.Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (AMS) is a splitting method in which the positions of the intermediate interfaces, used to split reactive trajectories, are adapted on the fly. The surfaces are defined suchthat the probability of transition between them is constant, which minimizes the variance of the rare event probability estimator. AMS is a robust method that requires a small quantity of user defined parameters, and is therefore easy to use.This thesis focuses on the application of the adaptive multilevel splitting method to molecular dynamics. Two kinds of systems are studied. The first one contains simple models that allowed us to improve the way AMS is used. The second one contains more realistic and challenging systems, where AMS isused to get better understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Hence, the contributions of this thesis include both methodological and numerical results.We first validate the AMS method by applying it to the paradigmatic alanine dipeptide conformational change. We then propose a new technique combining AMS and importance sampling to efficiently sample the initial conditions ensemble when using AMS to obtain the transition time. This is validatedon a simple one dimensional problem, and our results show its potential for applications in complex multidimensional systems. A new way to identify reaction mechanisms is also proposed in this thesis.It consists in performing clustering techniques over the reactive trajectories ensemble generated by the AMS method.The implementation of the AMS method for NAMD has been improved during this thesis work. In particular, this manuscript includes a tutorial on how to use AMS on NAMD. The use of the AMS method allowed us to study two complex molecular systems. The first consists in the analysis of the influence of the water model (TIP3P and TIP4P/2005) on the β -cyclodextrin and ligand unbinding process. In the second, we apply the AMS method to sample unbinding trajectories of a ligand from the N-terminal domain of the Hsp90 protein
Agouzoul, Asmaâ. "Nouvelles méthodes numériques pour la simulation de l’impression 3D métallique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0004.
Full textSelective Laser Melting offers new perspectives in terms of part design and simplification of complex assemblies. However, severe thermo-mechanical conditions arise and are responsible for local plastic deformation, residual stresses and distortion of the manufactured component. Numerical simulation is an interesting tool for process understanding the physical phenomena and their impact on the quality of the part. In this thesis, we propose different approaches to perform simulations at a lower cost, by using model reduction algorithms. The results are compared with those obtained by the finite element method. A reverse analysis in order to identify the inherent strain responsible for the measured elastic springback makes possible to build offline numerical abacus. Therefore, we use a multi-parametric reduced order model using the so called Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD) to construct this abacus. We also explore the benefits of an implementation of PGD on GPU
El, Haddad Rami. "Méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo de simulation des chaînes de Markov." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS062.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated simulations to estimate some parameter. Their deterministic versions are called Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The idea is to replace pseudo-random points by deterministic quasi-random points (also known as low-discrepancy point sets or sequences). In this work, we propose and analyze QMC-based algorithms for the simulation of multidimensional Markov chains. The quasi-random points we use are (T,S)-sequences in base B. After recalling the principles of MC and QMC methods and their main properties, we introduce some plain financial models, to serve in the following as numerical examples to test the convergence of the proposed schemes. We focus on problems where the exact solution is known, in order to be able to compute the error and to compare the efficiency of the various schemes In a first part, we consider discrete-time Markov chains with S-dimensional state spaces. We propose an iterative QMC scheme for approximating the distribution of the chain at any time. The scheme uses a (T,S+1)-sequence in base b for the transitions. Additionally, one needs to re-order the copies of the chain according to their successive components at each time-step. We study the convergence of the scheme by making some assumptions on the transition matrix. We assess the accuracy of the QMC algorithm through financial examples. The results show that the new technique is more efficient than the traditional MC approach. Then, we propose a QMC algorithm for the simulation of Markov chains with multidimensional continuous state spaces. The method uses the same re-ordering step as in the discrete setting. We provide convergence results in the case of one dimensional chains and then in the case of multidimensional chains, by making additional assumptions. We illustrate the convergence of the algorithm through numerical experiments. The results show that the new method converges faster than the MC algorithm. In the last part, we consider the problem of the diffusion equation in a spatially nonhomogeneous medium. We use a random walk algorithm, in conjunction with a correction of the Gaussian Steplength. We write a QMC variant of the algorithm, by adapting the principles seen for the simulation of the Markov chains. We test the method in dimensions 1, 2 and 3 on a problem involving the diffusion of calcium ions in a biological medium. In all the simulations, the results of QMC computations show a strong improvement over MC outcomes. Finally, we give some perspectives and directions for future work
MAHMOUD, AHMAD. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements par des méthodes de transformation de domaines." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0102.
Full textSaleh, Susi. "Méthodes de simulation des erreurs transitoires à plusieurs niveaux d'abstraction." Grenoble INPG, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009587.
Full textThe nowadays miniaturization of the electronic components increases considerably the sensitivity of the integrated circuits face to transient faults (SEU) or (SET). The analysis of the transient faults sensitivity for combinational logic and sequential circuits is an essential task today. The analytical methods based on probabilistic calculation of the generation of transient pulses SET or SEU, and of the propagation and the transformation of these transients faults into errors, published in the literature are not complete because a certain number of parameters are not taken into account. In this thesis, we propose a fast and accurate multi levels methodology to simulate transient faults. This methodology is a collection of simulation methods, a method for each level of abstraction (physical level, transistor level, and gate level). At the physical level, we use a physical simulation at the components level for any elementary logical gates which consists in the characterization of each type of transistor of a given technology face of SET by taking into account several parameter (the energy or the LET of the particle, the angle of incidence, the impact localization and the dimensions of the transistors where the particle strike occurs). After this characterization, a family of current curves is obtained for each transistor and a domain of the current amplitude values and the current pulses duration is established. The transformation of the current pulse obtained at the physical level into voltage pulses is done by electrical simulations by taking into account the output impedance of each gate. A family of transient voltage pulse curves is also established for each gate. Furthermore, a logical pulse model is defined for these pulses which will be then used in a numerical simulations, which are much faster, and which are finally used in the sensitivity analysis phase for complex circuit. The results of this analysis are used in order to realize a cartography of a complex circuit sensitivity which allow us to determine the most significant zones of a studied circuit and, if required, to decide a hardening solution of the sensitive gates
Labeau, Pierre-Etienne. "Méthodes semi-analytiques et outils de simulation en dynamique probabiliste." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212439.
Full textNavarro, Barragan Alberto. "Etude d'un procédé de séparation chromatographique en continu : modélisation et mise en oeuvre d'un séparateur à trois sorties fonctionnant en simulation de lit mobile." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT040G.
Full textLucas, Philippe. "Modélisation et simulation du régime transitoire d'unités de séparation d'un procédé chimique avec leur système de régulation : Application à la conduite d'un atelier industriel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECAP0083.
Full textDubos, Samuel. "Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements turbulents supersoniques." Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0007.
Full textTurati, Pietro. "Méthodes de simulation adaptative pour l’évaluation des risques de système complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC032/document.
Full textRisk assessment is conditioned on the knowledge and information available at the moment of the analysis. Modeling and simulation are ways to explore and understand system behavior, for identifying critical scenarios and avoiding surprises. A number of simulations of the model are run with different initial and operational conditions to identify scenarios leading to critical consequences and to estimate their probabilities of occurrence. For complex systems, the simulation models can be: i) high-dimensional; ii) black-box; iii) dynamic; and iv) computationally expensive to run, preventing the analyst from running the simulations for the multiple conditions that need to be considered.The present thesis presents advanced frameworks of simulation-based risk assessment. The methods developed within the frameworks are attentive to limit the computational cost required by the analysis, in order to keep them scalable to complex systems. In particular, all methods proposed share the powerful idea of automatically focusing and adaptively driving the simulations towards those conditions that are of interest for the analysis, i.e., for risk-oriented information.The advantages of the proposed methods have been shown with respect to different applications including, among others, a gas transmission subnetwork, a power network and the Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED)
Perot, Thomas. "Quel est le niveau de détail pertinent pour modéliser la croissance d'une forêt mélangée ? Comparaison d'une famille de modèles et application aux peuplements mélangés chêne sessile - pin sylvestre." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/43/25/73/PDF/ManuscritTheseTPerotVF.pdf.
Full textAppropriate tools and models are needed for the management of mixed forests. The aim of this thesis is to show how the construction and the comparison of models with different levels of detail can help us to choose the most appropriate level to model the growth of a mixed stand. We developed a family of models at different levels of detail from data collected in mixed stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea L. ) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. ) : a tree distance independent model (MAID), a tree distance dependent model (MADD), three stand models and an intermediate model bridging the MAID and the MADD. We ensured consistency between models using several approaches in order to make relevant comparisons. These models have given us some knowledge on the growth and dynamics of these forests, in particular on the spatial and temporal interactions between oaks and pines. Thus, we showed a compensatory growth phenomenon between the two species using the MAID. The MADD made it possible to show that, in these stands, the intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition. A stand model developed from the MADD helped us to study the influence of mixing rate on production. To assess the quality of models predictions, we used an independent data set obtained by splitting our data. For example, we have shown that the MAID was more efficient than the MADD to predict individual increments. The models were also compared on examples of applications with short or medium term simulations. The proposed approach is of interest for both understanding the studied phenomenon and developing predictive tools. The different results of this work, allowed us to assess the relevance of a type of model for different contexts of use. This very general approach could be applied to the modeling of other processes such as mortality or regeneration
Turinici, Gabriel. "Analyse des méthodes numériques de simulation et contrôle en chimie quantique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377187.
Full textMinjeaud, Sebastian. "Raffinement local adaptatif et méthodes multiniveaux pour la simulation d'écoulements multipĥasiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00535892.
Full textZoghaib, Maria. "Étude et simulation de méthodes de refroidissement des bandes d'acier défilantes." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0032.
Full textThe main scope of this dissertation is to ameliorate the cooling process of the steel strips in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines. Cooling in continuous annealing and galvanizing lines is of great metallurgical interest. Insufficient cooling capacity can result in inadequate steel grades. Cooling by impinging gas jets over the steel surface is first investigated. The heat transfer rates of this process are limited on one side by the blowing device power consumption and on the other by the occurring non stationary phenomena for high impingement velocities. On one side, the blowing device configuration and blown gas properties are analyzed in order to increase the cooling rates while keeping the power consumption at its lowest. The study is undertaken throughout literature, experimental measurements, and numerical results. An optimized configuration is defined. On the other, a numerical model is developed to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that generates the detrimental oscillations of the strip. A configuration of oblique jet impingement is compared to normal impingement. It was proven to confer more stability. However, the maximum cooling rates reached by gas convection are insufficient regarding the cooling rates to obtain special steel grades. A more efficient technique based on boiling heat transfer is investigated. Due to phase change that occurs in boiling heat transfer, high heat fluxes are dissipated for small flow velocities. In order to sidestep the oxidation problems encountered with water, another liquid coolant is chosen, Pentane. For homogenous cooling patterns and savings in flow requirements, spray nozzles are used to impinge Pentane over the hot surface. An experimental bench is then set-up to characterize the cooling rates of a pentane spray for high surface temperature, i. E. Film boiling regime. The effect of the spray hydrodynamic parameters on the heat transfer process is analyzed and a correlation is developed. T he correlation predicts the evacuated heat flux from the hot surface as a function of the surface temperature and spray hydrodynamic parameters. The developed correlation is implemented in a simulation model in order to predict the cooling rate of a Pentane spray cooling section. The latter is then compared to gas jet cooling section for the same terms of reference. Aside from yielding higher cooling rates, Pentane spray cooling results in savings in power consumption
Marquez, Bernard. "Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements compressibles par des méthodes éléments finis." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT0184.
Full textChoquin, Jean-Philippe. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements tourbillonaires de fluides incompressibles par des méthodes particulaires." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066308.
Full textCasarin, Roberto. "Méthodes de simulation pour l'estimation bayésienne des modèles à variables latentes." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090056.
Full textLatent variable models are now very common in econometrics and statistics. This thesis mainly focuses on the use of latent variables in mixture modelling, time series analysis and continuous time models. We follow a Bayesian inference framework based on simulation methods. In the third chapter we propose alfa-stable mixtures in order to account for skewness, heavy tails and multimodality in financial modelling. Chapter four proposes a Markov-Switching Stochastic-Volatility model with a heavy-tail observable process. We follow a Bayesian approach and make use of Particle Filter, in order to filter the state and estimate the parameters. Chapter five deals with the parameter estimation and the extraction of the latent structure in the volatilities of the US business cycle and stock market valuations. We propose a new regularised SMC procedure for doing Bayesian inference. In chapter six we employ a Bayesian inference procedure, based on Population Monte Carlo, to estimate the parameters in the drift and diffusion terms of a stochastic differential equation (SDE), from discretely observed data
Minjeaud, Sebastian. "Raffinement local adaptatif et méthodes multiniveaux pour la simulation d’écoulements multiphasiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30051.
Full textThis manuscript describes some numerical and mathematical aspects of incompressible multiphase flows simulations with a diffuse interface Cahn-Hillliard/Navier-Stokes model (interfaces have a small but a positive thickness). The space discretisation is performed thanks to a Galerkin formulation and the finite elements method. The presence of different scales in the system (interfaces have a very small thickness compared to the characteristic lengths of the domain) suggests the use of a local adaptive refinement method. The algorithm, that we introduced, allows to implicitly handle the non conformities of the generated meshes to produce conformal finite elements approximation spaces. It consists in refining basis functions instead of cells. The refinement of a basis function is made possible by the conceptual existence of a nested sequence of uniformly refined grids from which “parent-child” relationships are deduced, linking the basis functions of two consecutive refinement levels. Moreover, we show how this method can be exploited to build multigrid preconditioners. From a composite finite elements approximation space, it is indeed possible to rebuild, by “coarsening”, a sequence of auxiliairy nested spaces which allows to enter in the abstract multigrid framework. Concerning the time discretization, we begin by the study of the Cahn-Hilliard system. A semi-implicit scheme is proposed to remedy to convergence failures of the Newton method used to solve this (non linear) system. It guarantees the decrease of the discrete free energy ensuring the stability of the scheme. We show existence and convergence of discrete solutions towards the weak solution of the system. We then continue this study by providing an inconditionnaly stable time discretization of the complete Cahn-Hilliard/Navier-Stokes model. An important point is that this discretization does not strongly couple the Cahn-Hilliard and Navier-Stokes systems allowing to independently solve the two systems in each time step. We show the existence of discrete solutions and, in the case where the three fluids have the same densities, we show their convergence towards weak solutions. We study, to finish this part, different issues linked to the use of the incremental projection method. Finally, the last part presents several examples of numerical simulations, diphasic and triphasic, in two and three dimensions
Legoll, Frédéric. "Méthodes moléculaires et multi-échelles pour la simulation numérique des matériaux." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066203.
Full textFaure, Frédéric. "Nouvelles méthodes pour la simulation numérique du soudage des structures élancées." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066111.
Full textFréret, Lucie Viviane Françoise. "Méthodes particulaires en vue de la simulation numérique pour la plasturgie." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1058.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the simulation of injection processes of thermoplastic materials. The aim is to simulate numerically fluid flows with free boundaries where transition of phase can occur. More precisely, in this work, we have considered bidimensionnal incompressible viscous flows with Lagrangian meshless methods. The lack of consistency of discetrized partial derivatives operator for the MPS method (Moving Particle Semi-implicit) is shown. By using approximated consistent meshless techniques close to MLS approximation (Moving Least Square), we then propose an original Lagrangian meshless method which discretize incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a purely Lagrangian formulation. Concerning the semi-discretization in time, we use the classical projection method. The resultant fractionnal step method consists in three stages: a prediction step of position and velocity field, a correction step of position particles and a correction step of velocities field. Such a discretization keeps the particle repartition regular and do not need to create or destroy particles. An original numerical treatment to track or capture free surfaces and computation of surface tension force are proposed. We compare numerical results to experiments showing the capability of our method to calculate mono-fluid free surface flows. In a second part, we present a bi-fluid extension using a melt model. The Rayleigh-Taylor results are compared to these obtained by other methods. Because of the limitations of such model, we focus on a bifluid model where each fluid is calculated. This model needs first the non-constant coefficient operator div( a grad) to be discretized. We the use an integral representation ans a quadrature formulae with Gauss's points. The numerical model obtained is a previously three step method adaptation. Precise numerical results show the significance of the approach
Rosiello, Immacolata. "Méthodes de simulation, analyse de la complexité, utilisation de modèles, interdisciplinarité." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10111.
Full textVenet, Cédric. "Méthodes numériques pour la simulation de problèmes acoustiques de grandes tailles." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0019.
Full textThis thesis studies numerical methods for large-scale acoustic problems. The parallelization of the numerical acoustic methods is the main focus. The manuscript is composed of three parts: ray-tracing, optimized interface conditions for domain decomposition methods and asynchronous iterative algorithms
Daubas, Bruno. "Modélisation et simulation des procédés continus et discontinus." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT023G.
Full textMulton, Stéphane. "Évaluation expérimentale et théorique des effets mécaniques de l'alcali-réaction sur des structures modèles." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0181.
Full textA large scale experimental program has been carried out at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), with Electricité de France (EDF) as a partner, in order to validate methodologies of mechanical reassessment of real structures damaged by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and thus answer to the needs of owners of civil engineering structures (bridges, dams, pavements). The final aim is to improve calculation tools in order to determine the evolution of ASR affected structures. Major features of this study were to point out the water driving effect and the compressive stresses consequences on swellings due to ASR. Thus, the hydro-chemo-mechanical behaviour of six instrumented laboratory structures has been monitored during a two years experimentation. Three specific devices have been designed to achieve the numerous measurements, in order to evaluate water movements in concrete and structural behaviours of the six structures : -the weighing device allows to measure the mass variations of the 900 kg beams, with a 10 g accuracy, -the gammadensitometry equipment is used to determine the relative mass variations along the height of the beams, -specific stiffness vibrating wire sensors achieve deformation measurements in the beams. Other current or improved techniques have been also used in order to complement the characterisation of the behaviour of the beams, and to quantify chemo-mechanical data related to the two concrete mixtures during two years. This laboratory experimental survey has collected numerous results to document both moisture and chemo-mechanical deformations, which builds a useful data bank in order to validate models. At last, measurements have increased knowledge useful for expert evaluation of ASR-affected structures about : -mechanical properties evolution of concrete mixture damaged by ASR, -methodology of residual expansion tests, -effects of moisture gradient in ASR-damaged structures, -consequences of late water supply on ASR progress in structures already damaged, -range and time-evolution of ASR swellings under specific stress states, due to mechanical loads, reinforcement or various environmental conditions, and, at last, the effect of this chemical reaction on the mechanical strength of damaged structures
Di, Benedetto Hervé. "Modélisation du comportement des géomatériaux : application aux enrobés bitumineux et aux bitumes." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10096.
Full textDascalu, Daniel. "Méthodes probabilistes pour la modélisation de la maintenance préventive." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1386.
Full textNomine, Jean-Philippe. "Etude d'outils de simulation du comportement de robots." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066596.
Full textDesbenoit, Brett. "Modélisation et simulation de scènes naturelles complexes." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10214.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the modelling realistic natural sceneries. We focus on the modelling of details and their distribution in a complex scene. Details have a great impact over the overall realism of the final scene. Our approach consists in modeling details such as mushrooms, lichens, leaves or fractures and storing them in an atlas of shapes. Those details are distributed in the scene according to specific physically and biologically based dispersion and propagation algorithms, which are controlled by the parameters of the environment such as the wetness, the temperature or the amount of direct and indirect lighting. Our approach enables us to add a vast variety of details without the burden of editing them by hand