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Despite numerous complex urban challenges, Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is rapidly growing in terms of both population and extent. This profile captures that unplanned and spontaneous urbanization of Dhaka, which resulted in haphazard spatial expansion and transformation. Its unstable urban primacy is the result of high concentration of administrative activities, jobs and services in this city. Results of unsustainable growth are reflected in the socio-spatial divisions and high-density urban living. The current urban growth has created a strain on housing, urban services, health and education services and facilities, and they, in turn, are severely damaging the sustainability of the natural and built environment. The city requires policies for decentralisation of activities rather than pro-growth planning. An integrated national and local policy agenda and an active city government are crucial for tackling the multidimensional crisis of Dhaka.
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Byomkesh, Talukder, Nobukazu Nakagoshi, and Ashraf M. Dewan. "Urbanization and green space dynamics in Greater Dhaka, Bangladesh." Landscape and Ecological Engineering 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2011): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11355-010-0147-7.
Ishtiaque, Asif, Mallik Sezan Mahmud, and Mahmudul Hasan Rafi. "Encroachment of Canals of Dhaka City, Bangladesh: An Investigative Approach." GeoScape 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2014-0006.
Abstract Dhaka City has been suffering from many environmental problems including flooding, water logging and other related problems. Urbanization, which is occurring very fast and with larger magnitude in Dhaka, is the intrinsic reason behind these problems. High rate of urbanization causes extensive urban area expansion and as a result canals, wetland and other water bodies are quickly vanishing from the landscape. This study shows the present physical condition of the canals; identifies the processes of canal encroachment; represents the consequences of canal encroachment. 13 canals of 50 were surveyed; local people were surveyed to identify the impact and processes of encroachment. According to this study, canals of Dhaka city are under serious threat of extinction and require immediate recovery actions. Canals are being encroached in various styles and this study identifies five: unauthorized land filling, illegal construction over canal, expansion of slum, solid waste dumping, taking advantage of lack of awareness of local people as well as government agencies. However, this study also discusses the grave consequences of canal encroachment: increasing flood vulnerability, wane of ground water recharge area and ground water level, collapse of natural drainage system, loss of local ecology and biodiversity.
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Arifeen, Hossain Mohammad, Khamphe Phoungthong, Ali Mostafaeipour, Nuttaya Yuangyai, Chumpol Yuangyai, Kuaanan Techato, and Warangkana Jutidamrongphan. "Determine the Land-Use Land-Cover Changes, Urban Expansion and Their Driving Factors for Sustainable Development in Gazipur Bangladesh." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101353.
At present, urbanization is a very common phenomenon around the world, especially in developing countries, and has a significant impact on the land-use/land-cover of specific areas, producing some unwanted effects. Bangladesh is a tightly inhabited country whose urban population is increasing every day due to the expansion of infrastructure and industry. This study explores the land-use/land-cover change detection and urban dynamics of Gazipur district, Bangladesh, a newly developed industrial hub and city corporation, by using satellite imagery covering every 10-year interval over the period from 1990 to 2020. Supervised classification with a maximum likelihood classifier was used to gather spatial and temporal information from Landsat 5 (TM), 7 (ETM+) and 8 (OLI/TIRS) images. The Geographical Information System (GIS) methodology was also employed to detect changes over time. The kappa coefficient ranged between 0.75 and 0.90. The agricultural land was observed to be shrinking very rapidly, with an area of 716 km2 in 2020. Urbanization increased rapidly in this area, and the urban area grew by more than 500% during the study period. The urbanized area expanded along major roads such as the Dhaka–Mymensingh Highway and Dhaka bypass road. The urbanized area was, moreover, concentrated near the boundary line of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Urban expansion was found to be influenced by demographic-, economic-, location- and accessibility-related factors. Therefore, similarly to many countries, concrete urban and development policies should be formulated to preserve the environment and, thereby, achieve sustainable development goal (SDG) 11 (sustainable cities and communities).
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Mortoja, Md Golam, and Tan Yigitcanlar. "How Does Peri-Urbanization Trigger Climate Change Vulnerabilities? An Investigation of the Dhaka Megacity in Bangladesh." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 3938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233938.
This paper aims to scrutinize in what way peri-urbanization triggers climate change vulnerabilities. By using spatial analysis techniques, the study undertakes the following tasks. First, the study demarcates Dhaka’s—the capital of Bangladesh—peri-urban growth pattern that took place over the last 24-year period (1992–2016). Afterwards, it determines the conformity of ongoing peri-urban practices with Dhaka’s stipulated planning documents. Then, it identifies Dhaka’s specific vulnerabilities to climate change impacts—i.e., flood, and groundwater table depletion. Lastly, it maps out the socioeconomic profile of the climate change victim groups from Dhaka. The findings of the study reveal that: (a) Dhaka lacks adequate development planning, monitoring, and control mechanisms that lead to an increased and uncontrolled peri-urbanization; (b) Dhaka’s explicitly undefined peri-urban growth boundary is the primary factor in misguiding the growth pockets—that are the most vulnerable locations to climate change impacts, and; (c) Dhaka’s most vulnerable group to the increasing climate change impacts are the climate migrants, who have been repeatedly exposed to the climate change-triggered natural hazards. These study findings generate insights into peri-urbanization-triggered climate change vulnerabilities that aid urban policymakers, managers, and planners in their development policy, planning, monitoring and control practices.
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Uddin, Md Sanuwar, and Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. "Segregation of Plastic Waste from Solid Waste Stream: Bangladesh Perspective." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.04.2021.09.
Solid waste is an inevitable by-product of human beings, animals and also of industrial-commercial activities. Obviously solid waste creates a greater problem to the environment, if it is not properly managed. Bangladesh being a heavily populated country needs to pay adequate attention to waste management. Waste generation in Bangladesh is increasing because of rapid urbanization and economic development of the country. At present, total solid waste generation in Bangladesh is around 27000 tons/day and in the four important city corporations is about 13,332 tons. Particularly in Dhaka city, it is around 7500 tons/day. This amount is likely to reach about 47000 tons per day in entire Bangladesh and 15000 tons per day for Dhaka city alone by 2030. At present, landfilling is the only method for disposal of heterogeneous waste stream and there are three landfills in Dhaka City. Most of these landfill sites are in open dumps polluting land, water and air. Development of any new landfill site is near to impossible due to land scarcity and increasing of land prices especially in Dhaka City. Improperly disposed waste is posing serious health implications to the people and it may transmit various diseases especially by non-degradable wastes like polythene. Rather, a proper Segregation system to recover of resource from plastic wastes can play a very important role in mitigating the difficulties of solid waste that can act as a raw material for product design in Bangladesh too. Therefore, a comprehensive study report followed by a model of plastic waste segregation system for Bangladesh has been highlighted in the paper.
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Jahangir Alam, Md. "Rapid urbanization and changing land values in mega cities: implications for housing development projects in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-018-0046-0.
This paper explores changing land values in the process of rapid urbanization in Dhaka, Bangladesh and its implications for urban land management and administration in the megacity. The study reveals that substantial increase in land values have resulted in land speculation among real estate and individual developers. Land values have increased by an average of 22.26% per year between 1990 and 2000, while the period spanning from 2000 to 2010 saw about 74% of yearly increase in Dhaka. The study revealed that due to increasing land values, prospective real estate developers are tempted to build housing in restricted areas defined by Dhaka metropolitan development plan such as flood zones, lakes, canals, ditch and drainage channels etc. The paper proposes a re-look at the causes of increase in land values and land speculations and the resulting environmental damage pointed out in this study as part of a broad urban land and environmental management strategy in rapidly growing megacities.
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Huq, Ferdous Farhana, Rabeya Akter, Roxana Hafiz, Abdullah Al Mamun, and Mashrekur Rahman. "Conservation planning of built heritages of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 7, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 244–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-08-2014-0030.
Purpose Built heritage is a unique resource, an irreplaceable expression of the richness and diversity of our past and of the generations who have gone before us. Old Dhaka has an outstanding built heritage that is of significance not only in the local, but also in a national and regional context. But senseless urbanization and ignorance of such an important issue in the existing detailed area plan is destroying the built heritages of Dhaka. As a result, many heritage buildings of Dhaka have been destroyed and the destruction is going on unabated. Therefore, there is a need to re-examine how such destruction can be prevented. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This research aims at the identification of heritages, their assessment and classification which is utterly significant for preserving the invaluable heritages. Heritages are classified according to their present condition which will show which type of heritage needs which type of attention. Findings The research indicates the way how a conservation planning for heritages can be done in a systematic and logical way. It reveals the present condition of the heritage buildings which will point out the way of preservation. There is no such document available which will tell general people about the most important or rare or significant heritages, the location of these heritages, or their background information. This research addresses these all issues. Originality/value To date, no conservation plans were implemented for Dhaka and there are no attempts to improve Old Dhaka through an urban design. The methodological approach in this research is new and effective for conserving heritages.
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Ranagalage, Manjula, Takehiro Morimoto, Matamyo Simwanda, and Yuji Murayama. "Spatial Analysis of Urbanization Patterns in Four Rapidly Growing South Asian Cities Using Sentinel-2 Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081531.
The rapid and dominant urbanization in Asian cities has fueled concerns regarding the local and global efforts toward urban sustainability. Specifically, South Asian cities have been a topical issue concerning ecological and environmental threats due to their unplanned and haphazard urban development. However, comparative urbanization studies in South Asian cities remain uncommon. Therefore, in this study, we sought to comparatively examine the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics and to detect the urbanization patterns of four rapidly developing South Asian lowland cities: Mumbai (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Karachi (Pakistan), and Dhaka (Bangladesh). Sentinel-2 (10 m) data and various geospatial approaches, including urban–rural gradient and grid-based methods, statistics, and urban landscape metric techniques, were used to facilitate the analysis. The study revealed that Mumbai, Karachi, and Dhaka had larger built-up landscapes compared to Colombo. Mumbai had the highest percentage of green spaces, followed by Colombo. Dhaka and Karachi had relatively small percentages of green spaces. Colombo and Dhaka had more croplands, which consistently increased along the urban–rural gradient compared to Mumbai and Karachi. Karachi showed that the only major land use was built-up, while most of the areas were left as open lands. On the other hand, Colombo’s urban setup was more fragmented than the other three cities. Mumbai and Karachi had larger patches of urban footprints compared to Colombo and Dhaka. Thus, this study provides vital information on the past land utilization priorities in the four cities, and comparatively proffers guidance on certain critical areas of focus for local, regional, and global future sustainable urban planning.
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Siddiqy, Md Ruhullah. "Urban environment and major challenges in sustainable development: Experience from Dhaka City in Bangladesh." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i1.34673.
Sustainable development is one of the most discussed and desired issues for the last few decades in Bangladesh and also throughout the world. But due to various challenges it is really tough to prepare and execute a proper plan for achieving sustainable development. The objective of this study is to find out the major challenges that the urban environment has been facing in sustainable development in Dhaka city. The qualitative study was done purposively and data collection methods were 10 Key Informants Interviews (KII) and 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). KII were conducted among university teachers and Government officials as well as FGDs were conducted among city duelers in Dhaka. Urbanization process providing reasonable housing and infrastructure for duelers of all financial gain categories is a nice challenge for capital of Bangladesh town. Lack of swamp, open places, public parks, land with tree cover up causes environmental degradation and also creates aesthetic discomfort is another challenge in urban areas. Surface water is becoming useless because of having extensive pumping of groundwater in capital of Bangladesh. City dwellers didn’t follow the environmental rules and pollutes the surface waters with freedom. Impenetrable population with quick urbanization, industrialization and the lack of land coming up with has created major environmental problem to establish sustainable development. In future we need to study on identify the implementation strategy to sustainable development of urban environment.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 12-16
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urbanization Bangladesh Dhaka":
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Afsar, Rita. "Causes, consequences and challenges of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha258.pdf.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-404) Attempts to contribute toward greater understanding of the urbanization process in Bangladesh. Focuses particularly on the rural-urban migration process, explaining the causes of mobility and stability and the consequences flowing from that movement for the wellbeing of migrants and their families.
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Rashid, Farhana. "Assessing resilience of agricultural system of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189248.
Due to rapid urbanization agricultural lands in metropolitan areas are shrinking. As a result our cities are getting more dependent on distant places for food, which is making the food system vulnerable. In the context of rapid urbanization and climate change a resilient agricultural system of Dhaka could be one of the key to ensure a sustainable future. To investigatethe impact of urbanization and climate change on the resilience of the agricultural system of Dhaka a resilience assessment of agricultural system of Dhaka has been done. The study followed the resilience assessment wordbook for practitioner as method of assessment. As methods to collect and analyze data field studies, interview, GIS analysis, policy analysis were conducted. This study shows that, urbanization is directly responsible for changes in both quality and quantity of the agricultural land of Dhaka whereas climate change does not affect directly. Even with this rapid urbanization there is still scope to take measures to make agricultural system resilient by preserving land within Dhaka metropolitan area. Therefore two Strategies have been proposed. First one is; increasing local food production without administrative reformation and the second; reducing the future demand by administrative and economic decentralization of Dhaka. Both of the strategies will require strong political will along with recognition of importance of agricultural land within the city boundary.
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Khan, Rashidul Hasan. "Low income settlements in city fringes : a case study of eastern fringe Dhaka." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388753.
Afsar, Rita. "Causes, consequences and challenges of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh / by Rita Afsar." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21606.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-404) xxix, 404 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. Attempts to contribute toward greater understanding of the urbanization process in Bangladesh. Focuses particularly on the rural-urban migration process, explaining the causes of mobility and stability and the consequences flowing from that movement for the wellbeing of migrants and their families. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1995
Books on the topic "Urbanization Bangladesh Dhaka":
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Islam, Nazrul. Urbanization in Bangladesh, and the growth of Dhaka: Land use, poverty, and governance : four lectures. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co., 1999.
Bangladesh) Bangladesh Urban Forum (1st 2011 Dhaka. Bangladesh's urban future: Making cities and towns work for all : report of the 1st Bangladesh Urban Forum, 5-7 December, 2011, Bangabandhu International Conference Centre, (BICC), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: Bangladesh Urban Forum Secretariat, 2012.
Venables, Anthony J., Yue Li, Julia Bird, Hossain Zillur Rahman, and Martin G. Rama. Toward Great Dhaka: A New Urban Development Paradigm for Bangladesh. World Bank Publications, 2018.
Book chapters on the topic "Urbanization Bangladesh Dhaka":
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Hasan, Abu Hena Reza. "Internal Migration and Employment in Bangladesh: An Economic Evaluation of Rickshaw Pulling in Dhaka City." In Internal Migration, Urbanization and Poverty in Asia: Dynamics and Interrelationships, 339–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1537-4_12.
Conference papers on the topic "Urbanization Bangladesh Dhaka":
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Cheng, Qianwei, AKM Mahbubur Rahman, Anis Sarker, Abu Bakar Siddik Nayem, Ovi Paul, Amin Ahsan Ali, M. Ashraful Amin, Ryosuke Shibasaki, and Moinul Zaber. "Deep-learning Coupled with Novel Classification Method to Classify the Urban Environment of the Developing World." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110103.
Rapid globalization and the interdependence of the countries have engendered tremendous in-flow of human migration towards the urban spaces. With the advent of high definition satellite images, high-resolution data, computational methods such as deep neural network analysis, and hardware capable of high-speed analysis; urban planning is seeing a paradigm shift. Legacy data on urban environments are now being complemented with high-volume, high-frequency data. However, the first step of understanding the urban area lies in the useful classification of the urban environment that is usable for data collection, analysis, and visualization. In this paper, we propose a novel classification method that is readily usable for machine analysis and it shows the applicability of the methodology in a developing world setting. However, the state-of-the-art is mostly dominated by the classification of building structures, building types, etc., and largely represents the developed world. Hence, these methods and models are not sufficient for developing countries such as Bangladesh where the surrounding environment is crucial for the classification. Moreover, the traditional classifications propose small-scale classifications, which give limited information, have poor scalability and are slow to compute in real-time. We categorize the urban area in terms of informal and formal spaces and take the surrounding environment into account. 50 km × 50 km Google Earth image of Dhaka, Bangladesh was visually annotated and categorized by an expert and consequently, a map was drawn. The classification is based broadly on two dimensions the state of urbanization and the architectural form of the urban environment. Consequently, the urban space is divided into four classifications: 1) highly informal area 2) moderately informal area 3) moderately formal area and 4) highly formal area. For semantic segmentation and automatic classification, Google’s DeeplabV3+ model was used. The model uses the Atrous convolution operation to analyze different layers of texture and shape. This allows us to enlarge the field of view of the filters to incorporate a larger context. Image encompassing 70% of the urban space was used to train the model and the remaining 30% was used for testing and validation. The model can segment with 75% accuracy and 60% Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU).
