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Journal articles on the topic 'Urbanization – South Africa – Tshwane'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mudau, Naledzani, Dennis Mwaniki, Lesiba Tsoeleng, Morwapula Mashalane, Donatien Beguy, and Robert Ndugwa. "Assessment of SDG Indicator 11.3.1 and Urban Growth Trends of Major and Small Cities in South Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 7063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177063.

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Geospatial technologies play an important role in understanding and monitoring of land cover and land use change which is critical in achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 and related goals. In this study, we assessed SDG Indicator 11.3.1, Ratio of Land Consumption Rate to Population Growth Rate (LCRPGR) and other urban growth trends of four cities in South Africa using Landsat 5 TM and SPOT 2&5 satellite images and census data collected in 1996, 2001 and 2011. The 2011 built-up areas were mapped using South Africa’s SPOT 5 Global Human Settlements Layer (GHSL) system whereas the 1996 and 2001 built-up areas were extracted from Landsat 5 and SPOT 2 satellite imagery using a kNN object-based image analysis technique that uses textural and radiometric features. We used the built-up area layer to calculate the land consumption per capita and total urban change for each city, both of which have been identified as being important explanatory indicators for the ratio of LCRPGR. The assessment shows that the two major cities, Johannesburg and Tshwane, recorded a decline in the ratio of LCRPGR between the periods 1996–2001 and 2001–2011. In contrast, the LCRPGR ratios for secondary cities, Polokwane and Rustenburg increased during the same periods. The results further show that Tshwane recorded an increase in land consumption per capita between 1996 and 2001 followed by a decrease between 2001 and 2011. Over the same time, Johannesburg experienced a gradual decrease in land consumption per capita. On the other hand, Polokwane and Rustenburg recorded a unique growth trend, in which the overall increase in LCRPGR was accompanied by a decrease in land consumption per capita. In terms of land consumption, Tshwane experienced the highest urban growth rate between 1996 and 2001, whereas Johannesburg and Polokwane experienced the highest urban growth rates between 2001 and 2011. The information derived in this study shows the significance of Indicator 11.3.1 in understanding the urbanization trends in cities of different sizes in South Africa and creates a baseline for nationwide assessment of SDG 11.3.1.

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2

Mabin, Alan. "Tshwane and spaces of power in South Africa." International Journal of Urban Sciences 19, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2014.982689.

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3

Raper, Peter E. "Tshwane, a San Name for Pretoria, South Africa." Names 56, no. 4 (December 2008): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175622708x381460.

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4

Worku, Zeleke. "Predictors of efficiency in municipal waste management in Tshwane municipalities, South Africa." Environmental Economics 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.05.

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A survey was conducted in local municipalities in the Tshwane region of Gauteng Province in South Africa in order to assess and evaluate the efficiency with which municipal waste is collected, disposed of, processed and recycled by local municipalities in Tshwane based on data gathered from 1,035 businesses. Efficiency in waste management was assessed by using a structural time-based model designed for evaluating efficiency as a function of the length of time required to manage and process municipal waste. Adherence to municipal bylaws and procedures recommended for solid waste management by businesses by the City of Tshwane was graded based on ISO 14000 and ISO 14031 standards and guidelines. The study found that efficiency in waste management was adversely influenced by lack of adherence to municipal bylaws and regulations, wrong perception on the benefits of proper waste management, and failure to provide customers with waste disposal bins, in a decreasing order of importance. Keywords: Tshwane municipalities, waste management, efficiency, logit analysis. JEL Classification: Q53, C25

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5

Khale, Solomon, and Zeleke Worku. "Benefits of good corporate governance principles: A study of the city of Tshwane, South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c9p1.

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Annual reports issued by the City of Tshwane (2015) for the financial years 2010 to 2014 show that the City of Tshwane has received qualified audit reports from the South African Auditor General (2015). The two key causes of underperformance were lack of adherence to norms and standards that are applicable to municipal service delivery and lack of adherence to the fundamental principles of good corporate governance (King, 2009). A study was conducted in the City of Tshwane, South Africa in order to assess and evaluate the degree of adherence to good corporate governance principles stipulated by Mervin King (King, 2009) in the form of the King III report. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of size 1, 012 residents of the City of Tshwane. Stratification was done by geographical zone. Data was collected from respondents by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study consisting of 22 indicators of service quality. The study found that 84.37% of respondents who took part in the study were satisfied with the overall quality of municipal services that were provided to them by the City of Tshwane. Only 15.63% of respondents were not satisfied with the overall quality of services provided to them. The study showed that most of the respondents had a positive perception on the quality of routine municipal services such as water and lights and waste removal by employees of the City of Tshwane. The study showed that the degree of satisfaction of residents, ratepayers and stakeholders with the quality of municipal services that were provided to them was significantly influenced by the degree of motivation of employees of the City of Tshwane at work, the ability of employees of the City of Tshwane to treat all customers with respect, the ability of employees of the City of Tshwane to provide adequate answers promptly to queries raised by customers, and the degree to which employees of the City of Tshwane were skilled on technical issues, in a decreasing order of strength.

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GEYER, H. S. "On Urbanization in South Africa." South African Journal of Economics 56, no. 2-3 (June 1988): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1988.tb00908.x.

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7

Khale, Solomon. "Assessment of the quality of municipal services in the city of Tshwane, South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 678–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c6p6.

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The purpose of the study was to identify and quantify differential factors that undermine the quality of municipal services that are provided to residents of the City of Tshwane. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of size 1, 012 residents of the City of Tshwane. Stratification was done by geographical zone. Data was collected from respondents by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study consisting of 22 indicators of service quality. The questionnaire of study consisted of 5 dimensions of expectation and perception (reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness). Each of the 1, 012 respondents in the study had to provide answers to 22 questions related to expectations plus 22 questions related to perceptions. As such, each of the 1, 012 respondents had to provide answers to 44 questions (22 questions on expectation + 22 questions on perception). Measurements of expectations and perceptions were done by using a 5-point ordinal scale. Face validity was used for ensuring validity. The Cronbach Alpha test was used for ensuring reliability and internal consistency. The expected and perceived quality of emergency services provided to the general public by employees of the City of Tshwane was analyzed by using SERVQUAL analysis. This was done by estimating gap scores (the average difference between expected and perceived scores). The study found that 84.37% of respondents who took part in the study were satisfied with the overall quality of municipal services that were provided to them by the City of Tshwane. Only 15.63% of respondents were not satisfied with the overall quality of services provided to them. The study showed that most of the respondents had a positive perception on the quality of routine municipal services such as water and lights and waste removal by employees of the City of Tshwane. The study found that as many as 87.13% of respondents had a positive perception about the degree of commitment shown to them by employees of the City of Tshwane. Based on results obtained from SERVQUAL analysis, 20 of the 22 gap scores were found to be significant at the 5% level of significance. There were only 2 items (out of a total of 22 items) that did not produce significant gap scores. These 2 items were items 2 and 3 of the dimension on responsiveness. Item 2 of the dimension on responsiveness was an assessment on the degree of suitability of the equipment used by municipal employees for carrying out routine services. Item 3 of the dimension on responsiveness was an assessment on the degree of physical fitness of employees of the City of Tshwane for carrying out routine municipal services effectively. With the expectation of the 2 gap scores corresponding to these 2 items, all other gap scores (20 out of 22) were statistically significant at the 5% level of significance. Based on results obtained from factor analysis, the perception and expectation of respondents on the quality of municipal services that were provided to them were significantly influenced by 4 key predictors of perception. These 4 predictor variables were the degree of motivation of employees of the City of Tshwane at work, the ability of employees of the City of Tshwane to treat all customers with respect, the ability of employees of the City of Tshwane to provide adequate answers promptly to queries raised by customers, and the degree to which employees of the City of Tshwane were skilled on technical issues, in a decreasing order of strength. Similar results were obtained from logit analysis. The results showed that the perception and expectation of respondents were influenced by similar variables of study.

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8

Geyer, Hermanus S. "African urbanization in Metropolitan South Africa ? differential urbanization perspectives." GeoJournal 30, no. 3 (July 1993): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00806721.

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9

Snyman, Jacques, and Kobus Vorster. "Sustainability of composting as an alternative waste management option for developing countries: A case study of the City of Tshwane." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 29, no. 11 (October 11, 2010): 1222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x10385747.

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Excessive MSW production is a growing management problem for cities in developing countries, such as South Africa. This study addresses these challenges with particular focus on the City of Tshwane. A major problem in Tshwane is that all the MSW generated in the city, including garden waste, is currently being landfilled. A waste stream analysis of Tshwane reveals the largest fraction of MSW is organic and biodegradable, and therefore suitable for compost production. The study proposes that Tshwane will have to address composting the biodegradable fraction of the MSW stream. This study attempts to understand the economics of composting practices in Tshwane, whether composting in Tshwane is financially viable. A comparative study, applying the dome aeration technology on a conventional static windrow, was conducted with the objective of investigating and proposing alternative improved composting technologies for green waste. Although the study focused on Tshwane, it can be argued that the findings could be implemented in any other South African municipality, and even implemented in other emerging countries.

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Hosier, Richard H., Richard Tomlinson, Anthony Lemon, and David M. Smith. "Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa." African Studies Review 36, no. 1 (April 1993): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525521.

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11

Smith, David M., and Richard Tomlinson. "Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17, no. 3 (1992): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622894.

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12

MAYLAM, PAUL. "Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa." African Affairs 90, no. 360 (July 1991): 482–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098462.

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13

van Scheers, Louise, and Maite Mashego. "Determine small farmers’ managerial skill needs in the Tshwane area of Gauteng, South Africa." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.09.

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It seems that most small farmers focus on technical skills rather than on conceptual skills, as technical skills are seen to contribute most to the performance of the small farm. The need for this research came from this perception and, therefore, the aim of this article is to determine the small farmers’ managerial skills level in the Tshwane area of Gauteng. A quantitative survey was conducted amongst 50 small farmers in the Tshwane area of Gauteng. The conducted research established that most small farmers focus on technical skills rather than on conceptual skills. Small farmers also indicated that they need training in marketing and financial management which are conceptual skills

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14

van Scheers, Louise, Johan Botha, and Jacques van Scheers. "Small and medium enterprise (SME) internet marketing challenges in the Tshwane area, South Africa." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c5_p3.

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The aim of this paper is to establish Internet marketing challenges of SMEs in the Tshwane area. It seems that the benefits of Internet marketing seem to be ignored by most SMEs however but unfortunately, Internet marketing challenges prevent SME owners from using these tools effectively. A survey study method of research design has been selected for the research. The sample for the study comprised 200 SMEs in the Tshwane area. Internet marketing usage in SMEs and the impact thereof is viewed as an essential part of modern day organisational operations for SMEs to promote their business both domestically and globally. ‘Unauthorised access to sensitive or proprietary information and limited verification of authorship of messages’ is mentioned as the largest challenges. The conducted research recommends that Internet marketing can be cost effective if the SMEs make use of their social networks and use best practises that enable them to get their adverts or posts shared across social networks. The conducted research also recommends that SMEs with limited resources start with social media and YouTube as a marketing tool, as the learning curve is low and cost involved almost nil. This paper conclude that Tshwane SMEs are using both Internet marketing and traditional marketing to promote their businesses.

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15

Cohn, Ellen G., and Gregory D. Breetzke. "The Periodicity of Violent and Property Crime in Tshwane, South Africa." International Criminal Justice Review 27, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567716681637.

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In this article, we identify and analyze the periodicity of violent and property crimes committed in Tshwane, South Africa, from 2001 to 2006. This is done using Fourier analysis, an advanced explorative mathematical technique commonly used in the physical sciences to detect the presence of a frequency or periodicity in a large time-series data set. The use of this technique in criminology is in its infancy, and in this study, Fourier analysis is used to identify periodic moments in time at which the risk of being a victim of violent and property crime in the city of Tshwane is heightened. Results indicated that violent crime peaks roughly every 7 and 75 days over the 5-year study period, with a marginal peak every 150 days. Property crimes peak every 75 days and every 150 days. Periodic peaks of crime observed in this study are explained using the central tenets of routine activities theory. Fourier analysis is an underused, powerful data-driven mathematical tool that should be added to the methodological arsenal available to criminologists when analyzing the temporal dimension of crime.

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Chiloane-Tsoka, Evelyn. "An investigation into the financial barriers facing women entrepreneurs operating in SMMEs in Tshwane, South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 6, no. 2 (July 31, 2013): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v6i2.264.

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The South African women emancipation policy statement and gender equality are critical tools established by government to eradicate poverty among entrepreneurs operating in small business. Khula was established to act as a financial wholesaler to emerging entrepreneurs who needed finance to start and grow businesses. The Small Enterprise Development Agency was established to provide training needs to small business operators. Lack of finance is a major stumbling block to women entrepreneurs reaching their full economic potential in South Africa. Financial collaterals are barriers for women operating in SMMEs in Tshwane. The objective of the study was to investigate the financial barriers facing women entrepreneurs in Tshwane when starting or growing businesses. In order to achieve the results a structured questionnaire and interviews were used as method of collecting data. A sample of 300 women operating SMMEs in six townships of the Tshwane metropolitan area was analysed per a quota of 50 businesses per township. The results indicate that women entrepreneurs lack the financial collateral that is demanded by financial institutions when applying for finance to start or grow their business.

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17

Watson, Vanessa. "Urbanization policy: Lessons from South America for South Africa?" Social Dynamics 17, no. 2 (December 1991): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533959108458516.

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Galla, Amareswar. "The Tshwane Declaration: Setting Standards for Heritage Tourism in South Africa." Museum International 50, no. 4 (October 1998): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0033.00175.

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19

Razwiedani, LL, and PGD Rautenbach. "Epidemiology of Organophosphate Poisoning in the Tshwane District of South Africa." Environmental Health Insights 11 (January 2017): 117863021769414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630217694149.

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20

Rogerson, C. M. "MALAYSIAN URBANIZATION: POLICY LESSONS FOR SOUTH AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 71, no. 3 (December 1989): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1989.9713533.

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Cant, Michael Colin, Jan Wiid, and Catherine Mpolokeng Sephapo. "An exploration into the branding consumption patterns of consumers residing in townships of Tshwane: a South African case." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c3art4.

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The primary aim of this research paper is to investigate the branding patterns of consumers residing in townships (also referred to as underdeveloped areas/black urban areas) within the Tshwane area of South Africa. Households in black urban areas are already by far the largest group in the middle-income (LSM 5 to 8) market, where their figures continue to grow gradually (Chase, Legoete & van Wamelen, 2010:2). A quantitative approach was used for this study where a survey questionnaire was the method for collecting data. In order to satisfy research objectives of the study, a self-administered location based survey was distributed to the residents of Shoshanguve, Mamelodi and Attridgeville; black urban areas within the Tshwane region of South Africa.

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Mabuza, L. H., G. A. Ogunbanjo, K. E. Hlabyago, and M. Mogotsi. "Awareness of Health Care Practitioners About the National Health Insurance in Tshwane District, South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501811010093.

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Background: In 2012, the National Department of Health of South Africa launched the National Health Insurance (NHI) pilot program in 11 districts, towards universal health coverage for all South Africans. Health Care Practitioners (HCPs) are important role-players in its implementation. We decided to evaluate to what extent the HCPs were aware of the NHI program after three years of the pilot phase. Objective: To evaluate the awareness of HCPs about the NHI in the pilot Tshwane district of South Africa. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1753 HCPs in Tshwane district. At 95% confidence level and 5% error margin, the sample size was 315 HCPs, but we over-sampled to 480. The study was conducted in 25 health facilities within the district. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used. Results: A high proportion of HCPs were unaware of the objectives of the NHI program (p < 0.001); number of NHI pilot sites [(281; 59.4%) versus (145; 30.7%), p < 0.001]; rationale used to select pilot sites [(223; 46.9%) versus (193; 40.5%), p = 0.047]; role of the Integrated School Health Services (ISHP) [(250; 52.7%) versus (70; 14.8%), p < 0.001]; and specialists constituting the District Clinical Specialist Team (DCST) (p < 0.001). However, awareness regarding the Ward-Based Outreach Team (WBOT) leader was high [(236; 49.9%) versus (135; 28.5%), p < 0.001]. Conclusion: HCPs in Tshwane district demonstrated poor awareness of the NHI. This reveals that any awareness effort towards the NHI has not taken effect among the HCPs in this district.

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Fubah, Mathias Alubafi. "The changing nature of statues and monuments in Tshwane (Pretoria) South Africa." Ethnography 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 438–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138118815515.

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This paper examines the changing nature of statues and monuments in post-apartheid South Africa with special focus on newly constructed statues and monuments at the Groenkloof Nature Reserve (GNR) in Tshwane. The paper highlights the extraordinary fascination of the African National Congress (ANC) government with statues and monuments in honour of anti-colonial and anti-apartheid icons. It demonstrates that by embarking on the construction of statues and monuments in honour of struggle icons, these icons have become the embodiment of a new iconography for South Africa. More importantly, the paper will demonstrate how the newly constructed statues, though still in line with the pre-1994 iconography, are also disruptive of the country’s cultural landscape, much to the advantage of the government.

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Jansen van Vuuren, M., W. B. Van Averbeke, and M. M. Slabbert. "Urban home garden design in Ga-Rankuwa, City of Tshwane, South Africa." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1279 (June 2020): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1279.18.

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Kemp, Nicolas, Gregory D. Breetzke, and Antony Cooper. "Modeling the risk of robbery in the city of Tshwane, South Africa." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 48, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2020.1814872.

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Alubafi, Mathias Fubah, Molemo Ramphalile, Agnes Sejabaledi Rankoana, and Julia Carter. "The shifting image of black women’s hair in Tshwane (Pretoria), South Africa." Cogent Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1471184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1471184.

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Ntshiqa, T., H. Mpangane, D. Mpambane, and M. Moshime. "Staphylococcal foodborne illness outbreak, Tshwane District, Gauteng Province - South Africa, June 2015." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 45 (April 2016): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.528.

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Cant, Michael Colin, Jan Wiid, and Catherine Mpolokeng Sephapo. "An investigation into consumers’ apparel purchase patterns within black urban areas of Tshwane, South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 2 (2013): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i2c2art7.

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The primary aim of this research paper is to investigate the clothing expenditure patterns of consumers residing in black urban areas in the Tshwane area of South Africa. Housing, food and clothing are generally perceived as the most basic needs that people have throughout their lives. Demand for these items is generally expected to increase over time as consumer income increases and expenditure is expected to increase as income increases (Dyer, Hou & Dyer, 2004). Households in black urban areas are already by far the largest group in the middle-income (LSM 5-8) market, where their figures maintain to growth gradually (Chase, Legoete & van Wamelen, 2010:2). A quantitative approach was used for this study where a survey questionnaire was used as a method for collecting data. In order to satisfy research objectives of the study, a self-administered location based survey was distributed to the residents of Shoshanguve, Mamelodi and Attridgeville; Black urban areas within the Tshwane region of South Africa.

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Mjumo, Mzyece. "">French South African Institute of Technology (F"SATI), Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa." South African Journal of Information and Communication, no. 12 (2012): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962/10539/19711.

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MEARS, RONALD. "Rural - Urban Migration or Urbanization in South Africa." South African Journal of Economics 65, no. 4 (December 1997): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1997.tb01381.x.

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Lemon, Anthony. "Book Review: Urbanization in Post-apartheid South Africa." Urban Studies 28, no. 5 (October 1991): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989120080991.

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Bakker, Jan David, Christopher Parsons, and Ferdinand Rauch. "Migration and Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa." World Bank Economic Review 34, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy030.

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Abstract Although Africa has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades, little is known about the process of urbanization across the continent. This paper exploits a natural experiment, the abolition of South African pass laws, to explore how exogenous population shocks affect the spatial distribution of economic activity. Under apartheid, black South Africans were severely restricted in their choice of location, and many were forced to live in homelands. Following the abolition of apartheid they were free to migrate. Given a migration cost in distance, a town nearer to the homelands will receive a larger inflow of people than a more distant town following the removal of mobility restrictions. Drawing upon this exogenous variation, this study examines the effect of migration on urbanization in South Africa. While it is found that on average there is no endogenous adjustment of population location to a positive population shock, there is heterogeneity in the results. Cities that start off larger do grow endogenously in the wake of a migration shock, while rural areas that start off small do not respond in the same way. This heterogeneity indicates that population shocks lead to an increase in urban relative to rural populations. Overall, the evidence suggests that exogenous migration shocks can foster urbanization in the medium run.

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Schockaert, Liesbeth, Emilie Venables, Maria-Teresa Gil-Bazo, Garret Barnwell, Rodd Gerstenhaber, and Katherine Whitehouse. "Behind the Scenes of South Africa’s Asylum Procedure: A Qualitative Study on Long-term Asylum-Seekers from the Democratic Republic of Congo." Refugee Survey Quarterly 39, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 26–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz018.

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Abstract Despite the difficulties experienced by asylum-seekers in South Africa, little research has explored long-term asylum applicants. This exploratory qualitative study describes how protracted asylum procedures and associated conditions are experienced by Congolese asylum-seekers in Tshwane, South Africa. Eighteen asylum-seekers and eight key informants participated in the study. All asylum-seekers had arrived in South Africa between 2003 and 2013, applied for asylum within a year of arrival in Tshwane, and were still in the asylum procedure at the time of the interview, with an average of 9 years since their application. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings presented focus on the process of leaving the Democratic Republic of Congo, applying for asylum and aspirations of positive outcomes for one’s life. Subsequently, it describes the reality of prolonged periods of unfulfilled expectations and how protracted asylum procedures contribute to poor mental health. Furthermore, coping mechanisms to mitigate these negative effects are described. The findings suggest that protracted asylum procedures in South Africa cause undue psychological distress. Thus, there is both a need for adapted provision of mental health services to support asylum-seekers on arrival and during the asylum process, and systemic remediation of the implementation of asylum procedures.

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Cant, Michael Colin, and Leanne Lauren Spolander. "Investigation into consumers’ perceptions of advertised retail brands within black urban areas of South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 1 (2012): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c1art1.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions consumers’ of Black urban areas of Tshwane, South Africa hold in relation to advertised retail brands and branding. The importance of Black urban area consumers’ perceptions in relation to advertised retail brands is that in the era before independence these communities were generally regarded as being lower income and not brand loyal due to financial constraints. The number of shopping malls and branded stores were limited in these areas but since 1994, when South Africa became a democracy, things have changed. The income in these communities has steadily risen thereby attracting the attention of retail developers (Ligthelm, 2008:37; Tustin & Strydom, 2006:48-49). With the increased retail development in these communities, consumers residing in these areas have become more exposed to branded merchandise and the advertising thereof. This has led to new perceptions towards brands being formed and in the process opening possible new opportunities for retailers. In order to satisfy the research objectives of the study, a self-administered location based survey was distributed to the residents of Shoshanguve, Mamelodi and Attridgeville; Black urban areas within the Tshwane region of South Africa.

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Molepo, John Ntshaupe. "Global Town to Town Relations: An Exploratory Study of the City of Tshwane in South Africa." Journal of Business and Economics 9, no. 12 (December 22, 2018): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/12.09.2018/003.

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The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996 describes its government as national, provincial and local sphere which are distinctive, interdepend and interrelated. The national and provincial government, by legislative and other measures must support and strengthen the capacity of the municipalities (Local Government) to manage their affairs, to exercise power and to perform their functions. Towns across the world make relationships with other towns. International relation is a complex field, its practice and scope involves numerous role players whether in government or non-governmental organizations. City of Tshwane is like other towns which seek investment opportunities for its citizens. City of Tshwane has several relations with different countries. The paper seeks to examine the impact of the relations, whether they are beneficial for the city or not. For the purpose of this paper, the study used qualitative research approach. The views and opinions of the officials were directly and indirectly captured by means of interviews and observations. The study adopted the use of data triangulation approach.

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Tewolde, Amanuel Isak. "Everyday discourses of belonging of first-generation Eritrean refugees in South Africa: lived experience and attachment*." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.559.

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Research is scant on the everyday sense of belonging of refugees in South Africa. This paper addresses this gap by exploring the everyday discourses of belonging of Eritrean refugees in South Africa. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants, and qualitative data was gathered from 11 participants in the City of Tshwane, South Africa, through open-ended interviews and focus group discussions. Analysis of data resulted in three dominant discourses: 1) ‘we feel like outsiders’; 2) ‘we are neither here nor there’; and 3) ‘South Africa is home’. Drawing on the participants’ discourses, I argue that in the South African context, refugees’ sense of belonging tends to be varied mirroring multifaceted lived experiences. Participants’ construction of South Africa as their home also counters previous research that portrayed foreign nationals in South Africa as ‘excluded’.* This article is based on research conducted at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.

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Sethole, Khethiwe M., Simone van Deventer, and Edgar Chikontwe. "Workplace Abuse: A Survey of Radiographers in Public Hospitals in Tshwane, South Africa." Journal of Radiology Nursing 38, no. 4 (December 2019): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2019.09.005.

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Tshotetsi, Lumbani, Loveness Dzikiti, Precious Hajison, and Shingairai Feresu. "Maternal factors contributing to low birth weight deliveries in Tshwane District, South Africa." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): e0213058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213058.

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Manona, Cecil. "Small Town Urbanization in South Africa: A Case Study." African Studies Review 31, no. 3 (December 1988): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524075.

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Kassangoye, Wilfried Ndiaye, and Robert Rugimbana . "Digital Inequality amongst University Students in the Tshwane Region." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v4i1.96.

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Whilst the main objective of this paper is to investigate the digital divide amongst the university students in the Tshwane region of South Africa, the purpose is to determine a generalisable profile that would characterize their Internet usage behaviour. The research design consisted of a descriptive design. The convenience sampling method was applied and the research instrument was a structured questionnaire, which was employed to collect the final data amongst a total of 300 university students (selected from two universities in South Africa, TUT and UP by way of self-administration questionnaires. Male and female students were almost equally distributed. The significance of the results obtained was then tested through analytical tools embedded in the computer software STATA 11. The analytical tools were used to quantitatively analyze the data, out of which different inferences were drawn. The main findings were that the university students in the Tshwane region can be profiled on the basis of the results obtained over and above specific situational and personal characteristics, provides important opportunities for marketers for better understanding the needs and expectations of the university students; and by extension, to those of the youth market, since the sample elements belonged to the 18 to 34 years old age group. A proper segmentation would present an important mean by which marketers can keep in touch with their consumersâ€™ expectations.

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Mlangeni, Nosimilo, and Flavia Senkubuge. "Antiretroviral therapy programme outcomes in Tshwane district, South Africa: A 5-year retrospective study." South African Medical Journal 106, no. 4 (March 6, 2016): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2016.v106i4.9375.

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Webb, Elizabeth M., Paul Rheeder, and Danie G. Van Zyl. "Diabetes care and complications in primary care in the Tshwane district of South Africa." Primary Care Diabetes 9, no. 2 (April 2015): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2014.05.002.

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Stoffberg, G. H., M. W. van Rooyen, M. J. van der Linde, and H. T. Groeneveld. "Carbon sequestration estimates of indigenous street trees in the City of Tshwane, South Africa." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9, no. 1 (January 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.09.004.

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Leslie, KG, and L. Nkombua. "Evaluation of general practitioners' routine assessment of patients with diabetes in Tshwane, South Africa." South African Family Practice 54, no. 1 (January 2012): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2012.10874178.

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Louwagie, G. M. C., and O. A. Ayo-Yusuf. "Factors associated with retreatment tuberculosis in Tshwane, south africa: the role of tobacco smoking." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 29, no. 2 (January 2014): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2014.11441576.

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Bila, Nontembeko Joyce. "Social workers’ perspectives on the recovery-oriented mental health practice in Tshwane, South Africa." Social Work in Mental Health 17, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332985.2018.1554547.

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Govender, I., C. Steyn, O. Maphasha, and AT Abdulrazak. "A profile of Caesarean sections performed at a district hospital in Tshwane, South Africa." South African Family Practice 61, no. 6 (October 25, 2019): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2019.1671655.

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Theodore, Nik, Derick Blaauw, Anmar Pretorius, and Catherina Schenck. "The Socioeconomic Incorporation of Immigrant and Native-born Day Labourers in Tshwane, South Africa." International Migration 55, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12311.

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Olowoyo, J. O., E. van Heerden, J. L. Fischer, and C. Baker. "Trace metals in soil and leaves of Jacaranda mimosifolia in Tshwane area, South Africa." Atmospheric Environment 44, no. 14 (May 2010): 1826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.048.

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Mfolo, Tshepiso, Thomas K. Madiba, and Ahmed Bhayat. "Oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices among school teachers in Tshwane district, South Africa." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no6a3.

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Teachers are perceived as role models and studies have shown that they can enhance the oral health behaviour of young children. To assess the oral health (OH) knowledge, attitudes and practices of public school teachers in a district in Pretoria, South Africa. This was a cross sectional analytical study. The sample comprised of six schools that were randomly selected within the Tshwane West sub district. A total of 160 teachers were included. A modified, self-administered, validated questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Of the 160 teachers included, 97 (61%) completed the questionnaire. The majority (80%) were female and the mean age was 38.23 years (±12.85; 22-66). More than 80% had an adequate level of OH knowledge, 94% reported it was important to visit a dental practitioner (DP) regularly and 94% believed that OH education should form part of the teaching curriculum. The most common reason for visiting a DP was toothache (32%) while fear (35%) was the most common barrier. Those with a higher mean age were more likely to brush frequently (p<0.01), utilise dental aids (p=0.01) and visit a DP regularly (p=0.02). The majority of teachers had adequate OH knowledge. The respondents with a higher mean age were more likely to brush frequently, use dental aids and visit a DP regularly. Workshops for teachers are required to improve current levels of knowledge and address any queries regarding prevention and diagnosing of dental diseases.

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