Academic literature on the topic 'Urbanized terrain'

The paper presents elaborated methodology for Saint Petersburg and its outskirts watersheds parameters ascertainment. The methodology is based on usage of the digital terrain model, which was created as result of topographic maps digitalization. Usage of the most popular global digital terrain models such as SRTM, ASTER GDEM makes difficulties under the conditions of big cities. The models were processed on the base of Earth surface radar mapping. Therefore, the altitude values have distortions due to the radar signal reflection from roofs, structures, trees, scrubs, and so on. Thus, the global models include noisy data. The distortions can lead to mistakes at determination of the watersheds boundaries. Topographic maps digitalization allows elaborating of digital terrain models without distortions of the altitude values. The watersheds boundaries ascertainment was carried out by means of the ArcGIS tool Watershed. In addition, we use for the ascertainment and determination of the catchments areas structure some tools of Quantum GIS (QGIS) and SAGA.

The object of this study is the high level of errors of the first and second kind in the segmentation of images of urbanized areas acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems. The method of image segmentation of urbanized areas implies two stages and, unlike known ones: – takes into account each channel of brightness of the color space of the original image; – at the first stage, an ant algorithm is used; – image segmentation at the first stage is reduced to the calculation of the objective function, the areas of movement of ants, and the concentration of pheromone on the routes of ant movement. – at the second stage, the brightness and geometric shape of the elements of objects are taken into account; – contours and geometric primitives are defined in the Hough parameter space; – the objects of interest of the urbanized area in the space of the original image are determined. An experimental study into the segmentation of images of urbanized terrain acquired from space optoelectronic observation systems was carried out based on the ant algorithm and the Hough algorithm. The quality of image segmentation of the urbanized area was assessed. It was found that the error of the first kind when using the improved method of segmentation is reduced by 2.75 %. The error of the second kind is reduced by 3.91 % when using the improved method of segmentation. This reduction became possible due to the use of an improved method of segmenting the image of an urbanized area by the ant algorithm at the first stage. Compared to Canny's algorithm, the error of the first kind decreased by 8.9 %, and the error of the second kind decreased by 11.0 %. Methods for segmenting images of urbanized areas acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems can be implemented in software and hardware systems of image processing

The paper deals with terracing techniques for multi-storey residential buildings on flat terrain. The relevance of terracing application in modern architecture is substantiated, as this architectural and planning method allows not only to radically change the visual qualities of a residential building, but also to enhance the planning qualities of apartments, supplementing them with additional individual open spaces. The paper outlines the classification of terracing techniques for multi-storey residential buildings from the point of forming their volumetric and spatial composition. An analysis of different terracing methods with examples from current world practice is presented. The presented terracing techniques demonstrate the great potential of this method in design practice both for achieving expressive architecture of buildings and complexes, and for improving the quality of urbanized residential environment in general.

The article presents information about methods and technologies used in assessing the dynamics of urbanized territory, gives a brief description of them, and identifies advantages and disadvantages. The concept of geoinformation monitoring of an urbanized territory is formulated. To integrate heterogeneous and multiformat data and assess the dynamics of residential environmental management, a problem-oriented GIS for monitoring urbanized territories has been developed on the example of Ulan-Ude city (Republic of Buryatia). The functional structure of GIS, consisting of measuring, analytical and cartographic blocks, is presented, and the characteristics of each block are given. The planned basis of GIS is the topographic basis of three spatial levels: regional (1:200 000) for monitoring agglomerations and large cities; local (1:50 000, 1:100 000) to assess the dynamics of residential development of the territory; detailed (1:10 000, 1:25 000) to assess the dynamics of real estate and land plots. A digital terrain model is used as a high-altitude basis for the assessment of urbanized territories, which allows the assessment of morphometric parameters of the residential nature management system. The dynamics of the urbanized territory of Ulan-Ude was estimated using six time sections. The physical and geographical features of the urbanized territory development are determined, the map of the city dynamics for the entire period of residential development is compiled, and the forecast of the further development of the urbanized territory for background and local buildings is presented.

The objective of this research is the clarification of ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of Dniprodzerzhinsk. Heavy metals have been widely discussed in a huge number of researches. Special attention should be paid to cadmium as one of the most hazardous environmental toxic agents. There exist multiple data on cadmium content in various soil types of Ukraine, but until the present time there’s no full information as for the accurate geochemical behavior of cadmium in the soils, as well as for the priority impact of one or another soil property upon its concentration in certain soil types – natural ones or anthropogenically modified ones. The applicability of such researches is first of all determined by the necessity to decrease the hazardous environmental consequences of soil contamination with cadmium, as well as to improve the living conditions of the population. Evaluation of the technology-related impact upon the city soil layer is of current concern in terms of monitoring that is corresponding to the modern tasks for the environmental condition control. The article highlights the issue of ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of Dniprodzerzhinsk: variety of cadmium concentration being formed under the natural and anthropogenous influence in the soils of Dniprodzerzhinsk makes difficult to solve the problem of soil contamination with such chemical element. Soils with various content of cadmium can be found within the limits of the city, underneath the steppe vegetation. Content differentiation is attributed to rather diverse set of processes in the soil and to various properties of the soils. Edaphotopes of all studied right-bank urbanized terrains are cadmium contaminated to any extent. Cadmium content in the soil layer of the administrative districts of Dniprodzerzhinsk is ascending as follows: Dniprovsky district (0.6–9.9 mg/kg) – Bagliy district (1.0–10.5 mg/kg) – Zavodsky district (1.5–10.8 mg/kg). Evaluation of intensity of the technology-related geochemical abnormalities in the city soils has been provided by the abnormality level factor. The lowest (weak) soil contamination level can be observed within the edaphotopes of the left-bank area of Dniprovsky district of the city. High and very high soil contamination levels can be observed within the urbanized terrains of the right-bank part of the city at Bagliy and Zavodsky districts (eastern, central and western areas). Results of the statistical processing of the experimental material show the ratios of correlation of cadmium content and mechanical composition of the soil and humus. Absence of cadmium correlation with physical clay-fraction of soil, as well as close significant relation with humus enable us to associate its presence in the soils with biogenous accumulation, being also the evidence of the anthropogenous impact upon cadmium content in the soil layer.

Human use and management have a marked effect on wetland from different scales; it is necessary to develop a multi-scale integrated method to assess wetland conditions. So, this research aids the development of the wetland condition index (WCI) for humid regions of China by combining two main sub-indices: (i) the landscape development intensity index (LDI), which assesses human-dominated impacts; and (ii) the water environment index (WEI), which assesses changes in water quality and phytoplankton. We measured terrain and land use in the watersheds of wetlands using remote imaging data with geographic information systems (GIS) software. Also, we monitored the physical and chemical variables of the water bodies of 27 wetlands in urbanized and moderately urbanized areas in Nanjing City of China for this study. There were significant inconsistencies between the city’s level of development and the values of the WCI and its sub-indices. The WCI of urbanized areas was better than that for moderately urbanized areas, and the sub-indices LDI and WEI were only slightly correlated. In other words, wetlands with a low LDI value did not necessarily have a low water environment index value. Due to wetland restoration and human management activities, integrating the LDI and WEI is increasingly necessary for wetlands in urbanized areas than for moderately urbanized areas. This method could guide the design of wetlands to optimize their qualities and benefits to residents and reinforce wetland conservation.

The object of this study is the high level of errors of the first and second kind in the segmentation of images of urbanized areas acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems. The method of image segmentation of urbanized areas implies two stages and, unlike known ones: – takes into account each channel of brightness of the color space of the original image; – at the first stage, an ant algorithm is used; – image segmentation at the first stage is reduced to the calculation of the objective function, the areas of movement of ants, and the concentration of pheromone on the routes of ant movement. – at the second stage, the brightness and geometric shape of the elements of objects are taken into account; – contours and geometric primitives are defined in the Hough parameter space; – the objects of interest of the urbanized area in the space of the original image are determined. An experimental study into the segmentation of images of urbanized terrain acquired from space optoelectronic observation systems was carried out based on the ant algorithm and the Hough algorithm. The quality of image segmentation of the urbanized area was assessed. It was found that the error of the first kind when using the improved method of segmentation is reduced by 2.75 %. The error of the second kind is reduced by 3.91 % when using the improved method of segmentation. This reduction became possible due to the use of an improved method of segmenting the image of an urbanized area by the ant algorithm at the first stage. Compared to Canny's algorithm, the error of the first kind decreased by 8.9 %, and the error of the second kind decreased by 11.0 %. Methods for segmenting images of urbanized areas acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems can be implemented in software and hardware systems of image processing

Urban wind resource assessments (WRAs) contribute to the effective exploitation of wind energy and thus are of significant importance to the sustainable development of cities. To improve the simulation accuracy of urban wind flow with high spatial resolution, this study implemented a multi-scale numerical assessment of the wind power potential in a highly-urbanized region with realistic terrain conditions by integrating the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with Building Effect Parameterization (WRF-BEP). The sensitivity analyses are first conducted to obtain an appropriate combination of physical parameterization schemes in the WRF-BEP model. Then, the wind tunnel tests are performed to validate the computational accuracy of urban wind flow using the RANS equations. Based on a close examination of the urban wind flow resulting from the coupled WRF-BEP and RANS simulations, the integration of micro-wind turbines into the building skin is not recommended in the highly-urbanized region. Furthermore, five optimum roof installation locations with low turbulence intensities (smaller than 18%) and high wind power densities (approximately 220 W/m2, 260 W/m2, 270 W/m2, 300 W/m2 and 400 W/m2, respectively) are identified. Finally, the important effects of the terrain conditions, planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes and turbulence models on WRAs are discussed. The results of WRAs in this multi-scale numerical case study presented a systemic approach to effectively determine the installation locations of micro-wind turbines that possess the greatest potential to harness wind energy in a realistic highly-urbanized area.

This paper presents an original integrated approach to rainfall-runoff modelling for partly urbanized watersheds. A digital terrain model (DTM), allowing use of GIS techniques, was built not only for representing the undeveloped part of the catchment but also the urbanized area. For each cell of the DTM grid, a water budget is computed, providing runoff and interflow amounts. The water volumes generated at each cell are moved along the steepest slopes with a celerity depending on this slope, until they reach the outlet and contribute to the resulting hydrograph. The model was tested in a partly urbanized catchment, specially equipped with rain and flow measurement station. Comparisons with other procedures, mainly with SWMM and WALLRUS models, shows that the proposed model seems to be one of the most accurate. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis confirms the flexibility of the tool. Its concept, based on GIS routines, allows much of the computation to be done automatically, avoiding a lot of tedious tasks. For example, it becomes relatively easy to check the consequences of urban planning options.

Sinkhole flooding on the urban karst area of Bowling Green, Kentucky, was studied by investigating past flood events in the South Sunrise/Media Drive Sinkhole. The actual flood levels of four floods were compared to levels calculated by an empirical runoff determination method. Outflow capacity tests and dye tracing revealed the nature of drainage within the karst depression. The Soil Conservation Service runoff determination method and the three-hour maximum rainfall event were used to estimate the level of flooding. Three of the four flood events studied provided deviations between the actual and calculated flood levels of less than 0.26 feet (0.08 meters). The fourth event produced a deviation of 1.45 feet (0.44 meters) which was explained by the intense nature of the precipitation event. Analysis of the data resulted in the conclusion that surface storm water runoff exceeded the outflow capacity of the sinkhole drains during all four flood events and that the peak flood elevations were not related to the level of the water table in the area. Evidence also suggested that drainage from the base of the South Sunrise/Media Drive Sinkhole occurs through interconnecting voids associated with a cave roof breakdown pile, and not through an efficient system of solution conduits.

Den amerikanska armén har under lång tid haft doktriner som behandlat strid i bebyggelse medolika typer av motståndare, från sovjetiska divisioner som anfaller in i Västtyskland tillupprorsbekämpning i Mellanöstern och Afrika. Uppsatsen handlar om hur den amerikanska taktiskasynen på strid i bebyggelse har utvecklats från 1979 till 2003.Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att skapa en större förståelse för den taktiska utvecklingen somskett kopplat mot de grundläggande förmågorna verkan, skydd & rörlighet.En kvalitativ textanalys har använts som metod för att analysera de aktuella doktrinerna. Teorinutgår ifrån Doktrin för markoperationer och i synnerhet ifrån de grundläggande förmågorna verkan,skydd & rörlighet.Resultatet visar att användningen av dessa förmågor utvecklas med hänsyn till förväntadmotståndare och civilbefolkning. Utvecklingen av verkan går mot mer kvalitativa medel ochmetoder, motståndarens rörlighet har förändrats och så har också hans vilja att strida i bebyggelse.Användningen av assymmetriska metoder för att uppnå skydd är en ny metod som uppkommit.Värdering av den terrängen är däremot något som inte har förändrats.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AgleneAMS_DISSERT_1-96.pdf: 3496711 bytes, checksum: abba1691f30704e3fdeb112772be72a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-05<br>Natal ? uma cidade bastante antiga, data desde o ano de 1599. Durante seus tr?s primeiros s?culos de exist?ncia ela praticamente n?o cresceu, por?m teve um significativo aumento populacional e crescimento urbano na d?cada de 1940, a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nos ?ltimos anos, Natal tem passado por um intenso processo de urbaniza??o, que exigiu da cidade um acompanhamento na sua infraestrutura, principalmente por ser uma cidade tur?stica; o que aumenta bastante a sua demanda. O esgotamento sanit?rio entra como um dos problemas que Natal tem que resolver. A cidade possui apenas cerca de 32% do seu territ?rio servido por um sistema de coleta de esgotos. O servi?o de esgotamento sanit?rio ? de extrema import?ncia para a manuten??o da sa?de e da qualidade de vida da popula??o, assim como os demais servi?os que comp?em o saneamento b?sico. Tal servi?o tem sido um grande desafio para a popula??o e para os administradores p?blicos. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar os impactos socioespaciais causados pelas diferentes formas de esgotamento sanit?rio existentes em Natal. Durante a elabora??o deste trabalho, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliogr?fica e de campo atrav?s de estudos documentais, visitas aos ?rg?os p?blicos, entrevistas, aplica??o de formul?rios junto ? popula??o e observa??o direta. O embasamento te?rico parte dos estudos de Milton Santos sobre territ?rio usado, adotando tamb?m, ao longo do desenvolvimento do trabalho, as contribui??es de outros autores. O territ?rio usado foi escolhido como categoria de an?lise deste trabalho, por entendermos que as quest?es do esgotamento sanit?rio passam pelo uso do territ?rio, e este se d? pela sociedade como um todo<br>Natal ? uma cidade bastante antiga, data desde o ano de 1599. Durante seus tr?s primeiros s?culos de exist?ncia ela praticamente n?o cresceu, por?m teve um significativo aumento populacional e crescimento urbano na d?cada de 1940, a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nos ?ltimos anos, Natal tem passado por um intenso processo de urbaniza??o, que exigiu da cidade um acompanhamento na sua infraestrutura, principalmente por ser uma cidade tur?stica; o que aumenta bastante a sua demanda. O esgotamento sanit?rio entra como um dos problemas que Natal tem que resolver. A cidade possui apenas cerca de 32% do seu territ?rio servido por um sistema de coleta de esgotos. O servi?o de esgotamento sanit?rio ? de extrema import?ncia para a manuten??o da sa?de e da qualidade de vida da popula??o, assim como os demais servi?os que comp?em o saneamento b?sico. Tal servi?o tem sido um grande desafio para a popula??o e para os administradores p?blicos. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar os impactos socioespaciais causados pelas diferentes formas de esgotamento sanit?rio existentes em Natal. Durante a elabora??o deste trabalho, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliogr?fica e de campo atrav?s de estudos documentais, visitas aos ?rg?os p?blicos, entrevistas, aplica??o de formul?rios junto ? popula??o e observa??o direta. O embasamento te?rico parte dos estudos de Milton Santos sobre territ?rio usado, adotando tamb?m, ao longo do desenvolvimento do trabalho, as contribui??es de outros autores. O territ?rio usado foi escolhido como categoria de an?lise deste trabalho, por entendermos que as quest?es do esgotamento sanit?rio passam pelo uso do territ?rio, e este se d? pela sociedade como um todo

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-25T23:53:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElizabeteRodriguesGurgelDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 3567344 bytes, checksum: 10053522d85a8e81859edd6e2ae827ce (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-19T18:06:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElizabeteRodriguesGurgelDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 3567344 bytes, checksum: 10053522d85a8e81859edd6e2ae827ce (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T18:06:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElizabeteRodriguesGurgelDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 3567344 bytes, checksum: 10053522d85a8e81859edd6e2ae827ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29<br>N?o s?o raros estudos sobre o rural e o urbano, a cidade e o campo, na Geografia brasileira. No entanto, analisar a urbaniza??o enquanto um processo que ocorre em todo o territ?rio, e o rural e o urbano enquanto conte?dos que coexistem no espa?o geogr?fico ? desafiador. Assim, essa disserta??o busca fugir da dicotomia, outrora empreendida nas an?lises do rural e do urbano, a partir de uma vis?o integrada do espa?o, objetivando analisar o uso agr?cola do territ?rio na Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal e o processo de urbaniza??o do mesmo. Para isso, elaborou-se um ?ndice de urbaniza??o a partir de vari?veis pr?-selecionadas que considera os diferentes n?veis t?cnicos e permite visualizar as densidades da urbaniza??o em cada munic?pio da RMN, de acordo com a realidade do estado, e proporcional ao tamanho da popula??o e suas demandas. Dois dos munic?pios da RMN s?o considerados, pelo poder p?blico e pelo pr?prio IBGE, como 100% urbanos. No entanto, a pesquisa de campo revelou a presen?a marcante do conte?do rural nesses munic?pios e ?reas em que o conte?do urbano ? rarefeito, com ocorr?ncia de uso agr?cola de parte desses munic?pios. Essa normatiza??o traz consequ?ncias para os agricultores, que al?m de n?o terem acesso a algumas pol?ticas e programas governamentais, por residirem em munic?pios 100% urbano, ainda n?o recebem assist?ncia t?cnica, e, precisam pagar IPTU, quando, de acordo com a natureza da atividade desenvolvida e as caracter?sticas da localidade, deveria ser cobrado o ITR. Al?m disso, a atividade agr?cola ? respons?vel pela gera??o de muitos empregos na RMN, havendo munic?pios em que h? um percentual consider?vel de trabalhadores vinculados ao setor prim?rio, e tamb?m em grande parte dos munic?pios a terra utilizada para planta??o e pastagens ? bastante consider?vel, da? a import?ncia de se estudar o uso agr?cola do territ?rio na RMN. Com a pesquisa constatou-se que ? no munic?pio de Natal onde ? encontrado uma maior densidade urbana, j? que ? nesse munic?pio onde h? uma maior materialidade desse conte?do. O que pode ser atribu?do tanto a demanda interna da popula??o desse munic?pio, quanto a demanda gerada por outros munic?pios do estado, culminando na ocorr?ncia de uma forte centralidade de Natal. Os munic?pios de Parnamirim e S?o Gon?alo do Amarante tem aumentado sua centralidade, sendo o primeiro, o segundo munic?pio com maior ?ndice de urbaniza??o. Contudo, mesmo com os maiores n?veis de urbaniza??o, h?, nesses munic?pios, ?reas de rarefa??es do conte?do urbano e de densidade do conte?do rural, que podem ser percebidos seja no modo de vida da popula??o ou at? mesmo na pr?tica agr?cola com caracter?sticas de ruralidades que comprovam a coexist?ncia do conte?do rural e urbano em um mesmo espa?o.<br>There are few studies on rural and urban, town and country, the Brazilian Geography. However, analyzing the urbanization as a process that occurs throughout the country, and rural and urban content while coexisting in the geographic space is challenging. Thus, this work tries to escape the dichotomy, once undertaken the analysis of rural and urban, from an integrated view of space, aiming to analyze the agricultural use of the land in Greater Natal and the same process of urbanization. For this, it elaborated an urbanization rate from pre-selected variables that considers the different technical levels and allows you to view the density of urbanization in each municipality of RMN, according to the real conditions, and proportional to population size and their demands. Two of the RMN of municipalities are considered by the government and by the IBGE, as 100% urban. However, field research revealed the remarkable presence of rural content in these municipalities and urban areas where the content is thin, with the occurrence of agricultural use of these municipalities. This regulation has consequences for farmers, which besides not having access to some government policies and programs, because they live in municipalities 100% urban, yet do not receive technical assistance, and need to pay property tax, when, according to the nature of the activity developed and the characteristics of locality should be charged for the ITR. Moreover, agriculture is responsible for generating many jobs in RMN, with municipalities where there is a considerable percentage of workers covered by the primary sector, and also in most of the municipalities land used for cultivation and pastures is quite considerable, there the importance of studying the agricultural land use in RMN. With the survey found that it's in Natal where increased urban density is found, since it is in this city where there is a greater materiality of that content. What can be attributed to both the internal demand of the population of this municipality, as the demand generated by other municipalities in the state, resulting in the occurrence of a strong central Christmas. The municipalities of Parnamirim and S?o Gon?alo do Amarante has increased its centrality, the first, the second municipality with greater urbanization rate. However, even with the highest levels of urbanization, there is, in these municipalities, rarefactions areas of urban content and density of rural content that may be perceived to be in people's way of life or even in agricultural practice with ruralities features that show the coexistence of rural and urban content into the same space.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T19:18:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaFerracciuMameri_TESE.pdf: 10084142 bytes, checksum: 7b6c2621770dcd8903b90a49f3455b6a (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-10T22:22:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaFerracciuMameri_TESE.pdf: 10084142 bytes, checksum: 7b6c2621770dcd8903b90a49f3455b6a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T22:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaFerracciuMameri_TESE.pdf: 10084142 bytes, checksum: 7b6c2621770dcd8903b90a49f3455b6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)<br>A presente tese aborda o tema do projeto urbano em assentamentos de origem informal, problematizando a aus?ncia de refer?ncias nas a??es de projeto em rela??o aos processos constru?dos na vida cotidiana de moradores e no procedimento de gest?o mais amplo dos assentamentos, notadamente aqueles implantados em ?reas ambientalmente fr?geis. A observa??o dessa quest?o em rela??o ? forma??o e ao crescimento do bairro M?e Luiza, em Natal/RN, motiva a reflex?o sobre solu??es de projeto urbano e os processos hist?ricos e de luta gestados no cotidiano de seus moradores, assim como de suas apropria??es do espa?o ao longo do tempo. Nesse universo de estudo se expressam particularidades do ambiente natural, hist?rias de lutas pela conquista da terra e urbaniza??o dignas, al?m de estrat?gias de gest?o voltadas para o enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais e press?es imobili?rias sobre o seu territ?rio, que nem sempre se revelam como condicionantes das interven??es urbanas. Nesse sentido, questiona-se: como desenvolver projetos de interven??o em assentamentos de origem informal em ?reas ambientalmente sens?veis, que articulem as garantias dos direitos de perman?ncia e as especificidades do ambiente, com a vida cotidiana constituida ao longo do tempo pelos seus moradores? Relacionando as quest?es emp?ricas verificadas no bairro M?e Luiza ?s formula??es te?ricas sobre a import?ncia do estudo da vida cotidiana, segundo Henri Lefebvre, admite-se como hip?tese que a configura??o espacial de assentamentos de origem informal cont?m elementos potenciais para a formula??o de projetos nas escalas urbana e edil?cia. Assim, o objeto de estudo se define pela configura??o espacial de assentamentos de origem informal, aqui particularizados pelos elementos da forma urbana do bairro M?e Luiza em sua rela??o com o ambiente e os instrumentos de acesso ? terra urbanizada, em processos constru?dos na cotidianidade. Nessa perspectiva, busca-se refletir sobre o projeto urbano, enquanto teoria e pr?tica do arquiteto e urbanista em assentamentos de origem informal, visando a formula??o de princ?pios que articulem as especificidades da forma urbana, do ambiente e dos mecanismos de acesso ? terra urbanizada, em conson?ncia com as pr?ticas cotidianas locais.<br>This thesis explores the theme of urban project in settlements of informal source, questioning the absence of references in the project actions related to processes built in the residents everyday life and the settlements expansive management, especially those in environmentally fragile areas. This observations together with the formation and growth of M?e Luiza neighborhood in Natal/RN, encourages the reflection on urban design solutions and both historical and political processes, gestated in the inhabitants daily life, as well as their space appropriation over time. In this field of study, some of the natural environment particularities are expressed, stories of struggle to conquer the land and for a decent urbanization, as well as management strategies for fighting social inequalities and real estate pressures on their territory, that not always are revealed as conditions of urban intervention. In this sense there is a question: how to develop intervention projects in informal source settlements in environmentally sensitive areas, articulating the guarantees of the permanence rights and the environment specificities, with the residents everyday lives? Relating the empirical issues checked in M?e Luiza neighborhood to theoretical formulations about the significance of the everyday life study, according to Henri Lefebvre, is admitted as a hypothesis that the spatial configuration of informal source settlements contains potential elements for the formulation of projects in urban and building scales. Therefore, the studied object is defined by the spatial configuration of informal source settlements, here particularized by elements of urban form of M?e Luiza neighborhood in its relationship with the environment and access tools to urbanized land in processes built in everydayness. From this perspective, it?s sought a reflection on urban design, as theory and practice of the architect and urban planner in informal source settlements, aiming the formulation of principles that articulate the specific characteristics of the urban form, the environment and urban land access mechanisms, in line with the local daily practices.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-26T22:54:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KamilaSiqueiraDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 2282628 bytes, checksum: 3ebd4db3cf6799f2e946bf49fe83b6f8 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-30T19:46:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KamilaSiqueiraDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 2282628 bytes, checksum: 3ebd4db3cf6799f2e946bf49fe83b6f8 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T19:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KamilaSiqueiraDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 2282628 bytes, checksum: 3ebd4db3cf6799f2e946bf49fe83b6f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-23<br>As desigualdades em sa?de constituem o centro da rela??o entre condi??es de vida, recursos sociais, assist?ncia e situa??o de sa?de, sobretudo em contextos urbanos. Destaca-se a import?ncia de compreender as ra?zes, mecanismos e din?micas das desigualdades sociais e como est?o dispostas de forma singular nos territ?rios. No Brasil, atualmente, mais de 85% da popula??o ? urbana. O processo acelerado de urbaniza??o produziu cidades extremamente desiguais, marcadas pela for?a do capital imobili?rio, informalidade, pobreza, infraestrutura inadequada e degrada??o ambiental. Esse quadro nos leva a questionar de que forma tais aspectos condicionam a sa?de e, mais especificamente, o sofrimento ps?quico da popula??o. Sendo assim, realizamos uma pesquisa na Vila de Ponta Negra, localizada em Natal/RN, devido ao seu processo de urbaniza??o e configura??o comunit?ria peculiar. Objetivou-se analisar a determina??o social da sa?de mental e as estrat?gias de enfrentamento de seus moradores. Foram realizadas 11 entrevistas com moradores da comunidade e 11 com profissionais da Unidade B?sica de Sa?de de Ponta Negra, mapeamento dos recursos comunit?rios, registros fotogr?ficos, observa??o participante nas ruas e participa??o em grupos comunit?rios. A hist?ria da antiga comunidade de pescadores e agricultores foi marcada pelo conflito de terras e privatiza??o do espa?o em fun??o das atividades tur?sticas e imobili?rias. Isso produziu desigualdades s?cio espaciais que influenciam os modos de vida, consequentemente, na sa?de mental da popula??o. Identificamos mulheres com familiares em situa??o de consumo e tr?fico de drogas, que, somada ? sobrecarga de trabalhos dom?sticos est?o associados a sintomas de ?doen?a dos nervos?. Como maiores problemas da vila os moradores detectam o tr?fico de drogas e a viol?ncia; o lixo; a car?ncia de escolas e creches; a falta de seguran?a e de espa?os recreativos, o que ? associado ao aumento do consumo de drogas. H? uma contradi??o no bairro, ?cone do lazer e da frui??o, por?m faltam alternativas favorecedoras da conviv?ncia, das manifesta??es de cultura popular e pr?ticas desportivas para os moradores. Quanto aos profissionais de sa?de, identificamos um conhecimento superficial sobre a comunidade, indicando um trabalho desconectado do territ?rio, agravado pela aus?ncia de equipe de Sa?de da Fam?lia. Foram identificados 21 recursos comunit?rios, al?m de grupos de dan?a popular, por?m pouca articula??o entre eles. Como potencialidades, podemos citar a presen?a e proximidade de servi?os e com?rcio local, fortes rela??es de vizinhan?a e a riqueza cultural. Dentre os grupos encontrados, destacamos a atua??o de dois deles para mobiliza??o pol?tica e integra??o comunit?ria: o Coletivo das Dez Mulheres e a Feira Feito na Vila. Conclu?mos que a despeito de uma hist?ria marcada por uma desigualdade social ocasionada pela disputa pelo espa?o, o que afeta fortemente a sa?de dos seus moradores, a Vila resiste e traz em sua din?mica comunit?ria pistas importantes para sua pr?pria reabilita??o.<br>Health inequalities constitute the heart of the relationship between living conditions, social resources, assistance and health situation, particularly in urban contexts. We highlight the importance of understanding the roots, mechanisms and dynamics of social inequalities and how they're arranged in singular form in the territories. In Brazil, currently, more than 85 of the population is urban. The accelerated process of urbanization has produced extremely unequal cities, marked by the strength of real estate capital, informality, poverty, inadequate infrastructure and environmental degradation. This framework leads us to question how such aspects influence health and, more specifically, the distress of the population. Thus, we conducted a search in the Vila de Ponta Negra, located in Natal/RN, due to its process of urbanization and community configuration peculiar. Aimed to analyze the social determination of mental health and coping strategies of its residents. 11 interviews were held with community residents and 11 with professionals of Basic Health Unit of Ponta Negra, mapping community resources, photographic records, participant observation in the streets and participation in community groups. The story of the former community of fishermen and farmers has been marked by conflicting land and privatization of space depending on the tourist and real estate activities. It produced socioespacials inequalities that influence the ways of life, consequently, on the mental health of the population. Identify women with families in situation of consumption and drug trafficking, which, added to the overload of housework are associated with symptoms of "disease of the nerves". As major problems of village residents detect drug trafficking and violence; the trash; the lack of schools and kindergartens; the lack of security and recreational spaces, which is associated with the increase in the consumption of drugs. There is a contradiction in the neighborhood, the icon leisure and enjoyment, however they lack alternatives encourage coexistence, the manifestations of popular culture and sporting activities for the residents. As healthcare professionals, we identified a superficial knowledge about the community, indicating a work disconnected from the territory, compounded by the absence of family health team. 21 community resources have been identified, in addition to popular dance groups, but little coordination among them. As potential, we can cite the presence and proximity of services and local businesses, strong neighbourly relations and cultural richness. Among the groups found, we highlight the work of two of them for political mobilization and community integration: the Collective of Ten Women and the fair Feito na Vila. We conclude that in spite of a history marked by a social inequality caused by the dispute through space, which strongly affects the health of its residents, the village resists and brings in their community dynamics important clues to his own rehabilitation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineAO_DISSERT.pdf: 2433232 bytes, checksum: e22e580d1c96ff14a9302b07c7760723 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>Urbanization in their mearing simpler, the agglomeration of people, occurred from the time that the productive activities have to be based on trade. The first cities arose when the evolution of agriculture allowed the production and storage of surpluses. However, with industrialization was that urbanization becomes intense, according to Singer (1987), the industrial revolution was to stage, from the beginning, the urban area. It requires, in its proximity, the presence of a large number of workers. With respect to the Cariri cearense, the occupation of its territory is associated with the movement of agricultural surpluses produced and reproduced under the hegemony of merchant capital and due to the development of extensive cattle that promoted the territorial occupation of Cear?. From the 1960s, the region has undergone changes in its productive structure due to industrial planning policies of the government of Cear?. However it was in the 1990s that the region itself as economic and urban polo because policies to attract investments from the state government of Cear?. This policy led to boosting trade and services marking the predominance of tertiary activities in the region, especially the retail, wholesale , medical services and education. Investments also consolidated the industrial park area making it diverse, especially the footwear industries, mining, non-metallic minerals, transport equipment, pharmaceutical chemical, food and beverages, rubber and leather and construction. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the region of Cariri cearense occupation of its territory institutionalizing its metropolitan region, to understand what factors influenced the Cariri cearense become an important area in urban and economic terms in the interior of Cear?. In order to develop this research in that refers to the methodological perspective, research is guided by bibliographic studies and also makes use of secondary data analysis (population, GDP, urbanization rate, employment) of the main databases the country, as IBGE, IPEADATA and RAIS - MTE<br>A urbaniza??o no seu sentindo mais simples, o de aglomera??o de pessoas, ocorreu desde o momento em que as atividades produtivas passaram a basear-se nas trocas comerciais. As primeiras cidades surgiram quando a evolu??o da agricultura permitiu a produ??o e estocagem de excedentes. Por?m, foi com a industrializa??o que a urbaniza??o se torna intensa. De acordo com Singer (1987), a revolu??o industrial teve por palco, desde o inicio, a ?rea urbana. Ela exige, em sua proximidade, a presen?a de um grande n?mero de trabalhadores. No que concerne ao Cariri cearense, a ocupa??o do seu territ?rio est? associada ? circula??o dos excedentes agr?colas produzidos e reproduzidos sob a hegemonia do capital mercantil e em decorr?ncia do desenvolvimento da pecu?ria extensiva que promoveu a ocupa??o territorial do Cear?. A partir da d?cada de 1960, a regi?o passou por mudan?as na sua estrutura produtiva devido ?s pol?ticas de planejamento industrial do governo do Cear?. No entanto foi na d?cada de 1990 que a regi?o se consolida como polo econ?mico e urbano devido ?s pol?ticas de atra??o de investimentos do governo do estado do Cear?. Esta pol?tica propiciou a dinamiza??o do com?rcio e dos servi?os marcando o predom?nio das atividades terci?rias na regi?o, com destaque para o com?rcio varejista, atacadista, servi?os m?dicos e ensino. Os investimentos tamb?m consolidaram o parque industrial da regi?o tornando-o diversificado, com destaque para os setores cal?adista, extrativo mineral, minerais n?o met?licos, material de transporte, qu?mica farmac?utica, alimentos e bebidas, borracha e couros e constru??o civil. Posto isto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho ? analisar a regi?o do Cariri cearense da ocupa??o do seu territ?rio a institucionaliza??o da sua Regi?o Metropolitana, para compreender quais fatores influenciaram o Cariri cearense a se tornar uma regi?o importante em termos urbanos e econ?micos no interior cearense. Com o intuito de desenvolver a presente pesquisa no que refere-se ? perspectiva metodol?gica, a pesquisa ? pautada em estudos bibliogr?ficos e tamb?m utiliza-se de an?lise de dados secund?rios (populacionais, PIB, taxa de urbaniza??o, emprego) das principais bases de dados do pa?s, como IBGE, IPEADATA e RAIS-MTE

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-03-23T14:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIRCEU PICCINATO JUNIOR.pdf: 10807757 bytes, checksum: 3ef0870b2a3c0a0b045faf4cbdbdbfcc (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T14:51:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIRCEU PICCINATO JUNIOR.pdf: 10807757 bytes, checksum: 3ef0870b2a3c0a0b045faf4cbdbdbfcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15<br>This research aims to investigate the tenure of urban land as urbanization mechanism on land in the Bishopric of Ribeir?o Preto, as well as clarify the possible interpretations of this legal regime, as he allowed buildings of different realities of urban spaces, such as the cities of Ribeirao Preto, Batatais and Jeriquara. Thus, the analytical method was operated by interlocution primary sources, such as letters or aforamentos scriptures, the spatial distribution of these documents in mapping of cities and bibliographies that are tangent to the topic. Tenure, long lease or emprazamento are synonymous with a legal procedure that over time proved very flexible in relation to the historical moment, the interests and suitability to the social environment. The long lease, in general, expressed a shared ownership between the landlord, who holds the legal ownership of the land and the copyholder or foreiro, the individual only has the right to enjoy good, for this study urban land, the lot. In this research the presence of the Catholic Church as responsible for aforadas land is striking. So are the landlords the devotion of saints of localities and enfiteutas or tenants who reside in the original property land foundation (religious heritage) cities. These land assets enabled the construction of places of worship, as well as formed in the ground itself and necessary for urban development. The analysis of this situation indicated that the configuration of urban land in the three aforementioned cities gave the emphyteusis Institute three different perspectives or dimensions of analysis that made possible the construction of three different urban realities.<br>A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar o aforamento da terra urbana como mecanismo de urbaniza??o em terras no Bispado de Ribeir?o Preto, bem como esclarecer as poss?veis interpreta??es deste regime jur?dico, pois ele permitiu constru??es de realidades distintas de espa?os urbanos, como as cidades de Ribeir?o Preto, Batatais e Jeriquara. Para tanto, o m?todo anal?tico interpretativo foi operado por meio da interlocu??o de fontes prim?rias, como as cartas ou escrituras de aforamentos, da espacializa??o desses documentos na cartografia das cidades e de bibliografias que tangenciam o tema. Aforamento, enfiteuse ou emprazamento s?o sin?nimos de um procedimento jur?dico que, ao longo do tempo, mostrou-se bastante flex?vel em rela??o ao momento hist?rico, aos interesses e ? sua adequa??o ao meio social. A enfiteuse, de maneira geral, expressa uma propriedade compartilhada entre o senhorio, aquele que det?m a posse legal da terra e o enfiteuta ou foreiro, o indiv?duo que possui apenas o direito de usufruir o bem, para este estudo a terra urbana, o lote. Nesta pesquisa a presen?a da Igreja Cat?lica como respons?vel pelas terras aforadas ? marcante. Assim, s?o senhorios os santos de devo??o das localidades e os enfiteutas ou foreiros s?o aqueles que residem nas terras patrimoniais originais de funda??o (patrim?nio religioso) das cidades. Esses patrim?nios fundi?rios possibilitaram a constru??o de templos religiosos, bem como constitu?ram em ch?o propriamente dito, necess?rio para o desenvolvimento urbano. A an?lise dessa conjuntura indicou que a configura??o da terra urbana nas tr?s referidas cidades conferiu ao instituto da enfiteuse tr?s perspectivas ou dimens?es diferentes de an?lises que tornaram poss?vel a constru??o de tr?s realidades urbanas distintas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaCCA.pdf: 2940741 bytes, checksum: 3315bc02cc46b2f5e4681e4728809a94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19<br>&#65279;O presente trabalho intitulado Uma viagem ins?lita: de um territ?rio pesqueiro a um para?so tur?stico tem como objetivo buscar compreender e interpretar as mudan?as socioespaciais que ocorreram na Praia da Pipa/RN, decorrentes da expans?o da atividade tur?stica e seus reflexos no territ?rio, no per?odo compreendido entre os anos de 1970 e os dias atuais, recorrendo-se a fontes bibliogr?ficas, entrevistas e observa??es in loco, al?m de levantamento de dados secund?rios, cartogr?ficos e fotogr?ficos. Reporta ? nova territorialidade que emergiu com a expans?o da atividade tur?stica para o litoral norte-rio-grandense, atra?da pela praia e pelo sol, que fez convergir para essa ?rea, produtores e consumidores n?o apenas locais, mas tamb?m regionais, nacionais e internacionais. Do ponto de vista social, a popula??o nativa vem sendo expropriada de seus espa?os, da sua cultura, das suas tradi??es e, at? mesmo, do mercado de trabalho, o que vem provocando um processo de desterritorializa??o e o surgimento de novas territorialidades marcadas pela atividade tur?stica. A expans?o da atividade tur?stica em Pipa/RN, a partir de 1970, tem provocado um processo de constru??o de um novo territ?rio o territ?rio tur?stico que se reflete dialeticamente atrav?s do surgimento de um novo cen?rio socioespacial constitu?do de formas e imagens expressas materialmente no lugar

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-21T17:35:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovaneDeSouzaAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 46862336 bytes, checksum: 576728ab07771910bb7a3f18cfb85323 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Monica Paiva (monicalpaiva@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-21T17:43:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovaneDeSouzaAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 46862336 bytes, checksum: 576728ab07771910bb7a3f18cfb85323 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T17:43:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeovaneDeSouzaAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 46862336 bytes, checksum: 576728ab07771910bb7a3f18cfb85323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-30<br>A urbaniza??o do final do s?culo XX no Brasil foi marcada por significativas caracter?sticas, a come?ar pelo ritmo bastante acelerado de crescimento das cidades e pela sua abrang?ncia, agora mundial. Essas caracter?sticas contribu?ram para que este processo se desencadeasse em diversas cidades tamb?m da regi?o Nordeste, mesmo naquelas onde a industrializa??o n?o foi t?o representativa como na cidade de Natal/RN. At? poucas d?cadas atr?s, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte era exemplo de um estado de economia agr?ria e popula??o majoritariamente rural, mas que vem mudando aceleradamente esse quadro. Natal/RN com uma popula??o que em 1980 era de 416.898 habitantes e que 2013 duplicou alcan?ando a surpreendente marca de 853.929 habitantes que produziram um altissonante crescimento populacional ao longo das duas ultimas d?cadas materializando fortes influ?ncias urban?sticas na cidade atrav?s do processo de urbaniza??o. Nesse contexto, a Av. Eng. Roberto Freire desempenha um papel fundamental no sistema vi?rio da zona do munic?pio de Natal, articulando e distribuindo o tr?fego local para bairros como Capim Macio, Ne?polis e cidades vizinhas da regi?o metropolitana como Parnamirim, bem como servindo ao tr?fego de passagem que se dirige ao bairro de Ponta Negra e ao litoral sul do Estado. Hoje, oito em cada dez brasileiros vivem em cidades e essa concentra??o de pessoas nestes centros urbanos traz uma s?rie de implica??es espaciais e urban?sticas, sejam elas de ordem social, econ?mica ou ambiental. Diante desse atual ritmo acelerado em que o processo de urbaniza??o vem transformando e produzindo o espa?o urbano da cidade de Natal/RN, objetivou-se entender as espacialidades e materialidades do planejamento urbano, do urbanismo e do processo de urbaniza??o na Av. Eng. Roberto Freire/Natal/RN nos ?ltimos 20 anos para entender o contexto contempor?neo da via. Desta forma, a Av. Eng. Roberto Freire tornou-se para a pesquisa a base onde se averiguou as materialidades e as influ?ncias desse processo de urbaniza??o, que est? fortemente aliado aos ditames do desenvolvimento da atividade tur?stica na cidade de Natal/RN nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas e que tem influ?ncias materiais significativas nas pr?ticas espaciais e nos territ?rios usados dos usu?rios da via atualmente.<br>A urbaniza??o do final do s?culo XX no Brasil foi marcada por significativas caracter?sticas, a come?ar pelo ritmo bastante acelerado de crescimento das cidades e pela sua abrang?ncia, agora mundial. Essas caracter?sticas contribu?ram para que este processo se desencadeasse em diversas cidades tamb?m da regi?o Nordeste, mesmo naquelas onde a industrializa??o n?o foi t?o representativa como na cidade de Natal/RN. At? poucas d?cadas atr?s, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte era exemplo de um estado de economia agr?ria e popula??o majoritariamente rural, mas que vem mudando aceleradamente esse quadro. Natal/RN com uma popula??o que em 1980 era de 416.898 habitantes e que 2013 duplicou alcan?ando a surpreendente marca de 853.929 habitantes que produziram um altissonante crescimento populacional ao longo das duas ultimas d?cadas materializando fortes influ?ncias urban?sticas na cidade atrav?s do processo de urbaniza??o. Nesse contexto, a Av. Eng. Roberto Freire desempenha um papel fundamental no sistema vi?rio da zona do munic?pio de Natal, articulando e distribuindo o tr?fego local para bairros como Capim Macio, Ne?polis e cidades vizinhas da regi?o metropolitana como Parnamirim, bem como servindo ao tr?fego de passagem que se dirige ao bairro de Ponta Negra e ao litoral sul do Estado. Hoje, oito em cada dez brasileiros vivem em cidades e essa concentra??o de pessoas nestes centros urbanos traz uma s?rie de implica??es espaciais e urban?sticas, sejam elas de ordem social, econ?mica ou ambiental. Diante desse atual ritmo acelerado em que o processo de urbaniza??o vem transformando e produzindo o espa?o urbano da cidade de Natal/RN, objetivou-se entender as espacialidades e materialidades do planejamento urbano, do urbanismo e do processo de urbaniza??o na Av. Eng. Roberto Freire/Natal/RN nos ?ltimos 20 anos para entender o contexto contempor?neo da via. Desta forma, a Av. Eng. Roberto Freire tornou-se para a pesquisa a base onde se averiguou as materialidades e as influ?ncias desse processo de urbaniza??o, que est? fortemente aliado aos ditames do desenvolvimento da atividade tur?stica na cidade de Natal/RN nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas e que tem influ?ncias materiais significativas nas pr?ticas espaciais e nos territ?rios usados dos usu?rios da via atualmente.

Something makes people want to walk, ride or climb to the mountaintops - how dangerous an undertaking this may be because of conditions of terrain and weather. It is something completely irrational. Some have themselves brought to the tops of mountains with trains, cable cars and even helicopters. It is often thought that this is to appreciate a sublime, untameable nature, since it has been already the theme of many a sublime Romantic painting or poem. But in fact most Alpine mountain tops are as artificial as a Dutch polder, not just with the crosses on top, but with mines dug underneath, avalanche protection, restaurants, hotels, ski slopes, ski lifts, half-pipes for snowboarders, artificial lakes to produce artificial snow, a view of the urbanized valley below, and in summer, cows not for the production of milk and meat but for maintenance. All of this is realized only to enable people dressed in special clothes, helmets, and harnesses, to throw themselves down again literally as soon as they have arrived on top, using sleighs, skis, snowboards or specially designed and high-tech so-called freeride mountain bikes.

Geological processes such as landslide and land subsidence cause extensive problems to humans. The sources of these processes are mainly effected by human activities, in our case mining activities. Since the eastern part of the Moravian-Silesian Region has been known mainly for the mining industry, the mining subsidence led inevitably to problems such as land subsidence and slope instabilities. Along with mining subsidence there were also numerous slope instabilities (landslides) identified within the Moravian-Silesian Region. These geological processes cause damage to buildings and other structures (e.g. communications), cause financial losses and jeopardize human lives. Areas where mining subsidence occurs are densely urbanised and industrialised locations, Silesian part of Ostrava, Karvina and its surrounding. Some locations have been under &amp;ldquo;ground surveillance&amp;rdquo; since 1993 with 6-month period. Nevertheless, there is need for remote sensing methods to support and to supplement field measurement. Comprehensive information such as these can be valuable and helpful in land use planning and other decision support systems.

Chapter four explains why New York City as a setting proves integral to multifaceted short stories by Baldwin and Bambara. Their stories depict a diverse set of sights and sounds linked to one of our most famous cities. Their homegrown characters exhibit keen awareness of their environments as they navigate urban terrains. “Sonny’s Blues” shows two brothers reconciling and gaining a deeper understanding of one another. Baldwin’s references to city landmarks and descriptions of navigation routes reveal him crafting a story that utilizes the urban environment as a dynamic background. “Sonny’s Blues,” as the title suggests, takes the transformative power of song seriously. Baldwin, and writers Fisher, Dumas, and Baraka, demonstrate that music gathering places can operate as captivating settings in short fiction. For Bambara, New York City serves as a defining setting. Bambara showcases the experiences of black urbanites, thus shifting the conventional kind of protagonist that appeared in short fiction.

Le julakan est le parler ivoirien du mandenkan, langue transfrontali&amp;#232;re couvrant neuf pays ouest africains. C&amp;#8217;est l&amp;#8217;une des principales langues de la C&amp;#244;te d&amp;#8217;Ivoire dans la mesure o&amp;#249; elle est tr&amp;#232;s utilis&amp;#233;e dans le petit commerce, dans le transport urbain et p&amp;#233;riurbain. En effet, du fait de la propension naturelle de ses locuteurs &amp;#224; l&amp;#8217;urbanisation, le julakan va se retrouver dans la plupart des grandes villes sur toute l&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;tendue du territoire national. De la sorte, le julakan est devenu presque la seule langue ivoirienne &amp;#224; r&amp;#233;ussir &amp;#224; l&amp;#8217;urbaniser du fait du dynamisme socio&amp;#233;conomique de ses locuteurs de base. De fait, &amp;#224; partir de la deuxi&amp;#232;me g&amp;#233;n&amp;#233;ration de cette population d&amp;#233;sormais urbaine, la langue va connaitre des changements&amp;#160;: c&amp;#8217;est la naissance du tagboussi. Cette langue n&amp;#8217;a cess&amp;#233; de gagner du terrain en diversifiant ses locuteurs dans presque toutes les grandes villes du pays.

O Programa Casa Verde e Amarela (PCVA), instituído pela Lei nº 14.118/2021, é uma política habitacional implementada pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento Regional (MDR), que visa promover o direito à moradia para as famílias de baixa renda do território nacional. Neste teor, este trabalho analisa a contribuição da parceria entre o MDR e a Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, por intermédio do Núcleo Acesso à Terra Urbanizada, na capacitação e instrumentalização dos agentes públicos e privados participantes das atividades de uma das vertentes do PCVA: o Programa de Regularização Fundiária e Melhoria Habitacional, a partir dos Cursos EaD de Regularização Fundiária Urbana. Para tanto, a pesquisa centra-se na avaliação do perfil dos inscritos do Curso Casa Verde e Amarela: Programa de Regularização Fundiária e Melhoria Habitacional, por meio das informações retiradas do seu formulário de pré-inscrição. Verifica-se que o padrão dos cursistas é: idade de 20 a 30 anos (35,64%); mulher (54,55%); da região Nordeste (32,48%); dos estados de São Paulo (13,38%), Minas Gerais (11,85%) e Bahia (8,89%); advogadas(os) (20,39%); com relação direta com processos de regularização fundiária (72,55%); trabalhando atualmente em um processo de regularização fundiária (74,35%); interessados no curso a fim de se capacitar para atuar na área (61,59%); trabalha para o governo municipal (39,69%); trabalha na secretaria do município (22,83%); detém função direcionada ao projeto de regularização (14,16%). Portanto, é cristalina a contemplação do objetivo da parceria em capacitar os atores envolvidos na regularização fundiária urbana, nos moldes da Lei nº 13.465/2017, e nas ações do PCVA.

All the affluent countries are characterized by urbanization. Increase of the urbanized areas leads to change of total nitrogen and phosphorus unit discharges from the catchment areas. Therefore, there is necessity of the watersheds parameters ascertainment for usage of them at the biogenic elements outflow calculation. For that reason, we must determine the watersheds boundaries and types of surface within the watersheds. The considered methodology includes the watersheds boundaries ascertainment by means of digital terrain model processing. The models can be produced on the base of global terrain models SRTM or ASTER GDEM, or by digitalization of hypsographic curves of topographic maps. Urban areas do not allow directly usage of the global terrain models for the watersheds boundaries ascertainment because the altitude values of the models have distortions due to the radar signal reflection from roofs, structures, trees, scrubs, and so on. There is considered method of the precise altitude values selection and producing of correct digital terrain model. The other way for the terrain models making consists in interpolation of altitude values of a point layer produced by topographic map digitalization. There is presented methodology for ascertainment of various surface types within urbanized watersheds by supervised classification of composite images in the Quantum GIS module �Dzetsaka classification dock�.

Radio propagation prediction for passenger rail operations using sub-UHF frequencies can be a complex matter. While propagation models and data containing terrain and obstruction information can be used to predict radio coverage, unique methodologies are required to accurately plan and implement rail communication systems. Federally-mandated Positive Train Control (PTC) system requirements rely on consistently available wireless communications, thus the imperative need to accurately design and construct radio networks to fulfill critical requirements.

Mobile robots have gained popularity in recent decades, owing to its capacity to be deployed in dangerous environments without jeopardizing humans. Mobile robotic vehicles are frequently used today to carry out tasks including environmental recognition, inspecting urbanized and industrial terrains, for search and rescue activities. Presently, search and rescue robot technology is progressing from experimental and theoretical studies towards applicability. The proper execution of a mobile robotic movement in a working environment depends on being aware of the nearby obstacles and avoiding any collisions that may occur. Robots today are integrated with several smart technologies that are necessary to model the environment and localize their position, control the movements, identify obstructions, and avoid obstacles based on the terrain and surface they are employed on by applying navigational procedures. This paper explores the various mobile robotics systems and their working currently in place utilized for rescue and search operations.

This paper describes the condition of retaining wall in highly urbanized area on potentially instable terrain after a deformation on the ground and wall occur. The reasons for this are defined by the geotechnical investigations. The solution for remediation itself is directly dependent on the shape of the existing wall. A new pile retaining wall was designed which meets all the necessary stability requirements from the geostatic analysis performed in Plaxis and Tower. A complex analysis during the design is performed which address not only the permanent loads, but also the ground – construction interaction. Engineers need to think broadly taking into account the possibility of the initial ground stress condition distortion in the close environment, because nowadays the phenomenon of building on instable location becoming more and more present.

Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that can lead to significant economic and environmental damage and even loss of lives. Flood hazard mapping is one of the measures of disaster risk reduction and becoming a more important function in conserving biological diversity and protected areas now and future. Most of the research is focused on determining flood risk in urbanized areas. In this paper, the protected areas affected by potential floods are studied. Protected areas are according to a directive Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The selected study area is the Batova River catchment. A large part of it is a protected area under both directives and there are recorded a lot of significant floods. The software product HEC-RAS, version 6.0, was used to determine the flooded areas. Flood maps are created for three scenarios: 20-, 100- and 1000-years. The data used to simulate flash floods are precipitation from monitoring network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), a Digital terrain model with pixel cell 6/6m from Military Geographical Service at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Bulgaria and land cover data from CORINE Land Cover 2018. As a result of the modeling, the inundated areas during rain with different return period have been determined. An analysis was made of the extent to which they affect the protected areas. This approach can also be applied to other watersheds. Based on these studies, an appropriate set of measures could be drawn up to protect these areas and the endangered species whose habitats fall within them and contribute to the preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans. By integrating floodplain management and wildlife conservation, such as the protection of habitat communities have the opportunity to reduce flood risk, and protect species and their habitat while enjoying the natural resources.

Twenty-five years after the Catalan architect, philosopher and urban critic Ignasi de Solà-Morales coined the term terrain vague to conceptually delineate the physical dimension and spiritual essence of the different urban voids, expectant landscapes and imprecise confines of the contemporary city, we understand that the undeniable validity of the notion, its profuse disciplinary acceptance and, above all, its diffusion in the fields of urban theoretical production, merit a systematic review of its evolution. In this sense, this research is based on the appraisal of the cultural conditions that accompanied its original proposal and reconstructs a non-linear path through the references, works and authors cited, thus interweaving a galaxy of notions, relationships, and drifts that question, in the face of the prevailing uncertainty of our days, the very foundations of urban criticism. Keywords: terrain vague, urban void, latency image, expecting landscape Veinticinco años después que el arquitecto, filósofo y crítico catalán Ignasi de Solà-Morales acuñara el término terrain vague para referirse y acotar conceptualmente la dimensión física y espiritual de los distintos vacíos urbanos y límites imprecisos que caracterizan los paisajes expectantes de la ciudad contemporánea, entendemos que tanto la vigencia incontestable de la noción como su profusa aceptación y difusión disciplinar meritan una revisión sistemática de su evolución. En este sentido, esta investigación parte del análisis crítico de los condicionantes culturales que acompañaron su planteo original y reconstruye un recorrido no lineal a través de las referencias, obras y autores citados entretejiendo, con ello, una galaxia de nociones, relaciones y derivas que cuestionan, de la mano de la incertidumbre dominante de nuestros días, los fundamentos mismos de la urbanidad. Palabras clave: terrain vague, vacío urbano, imagen latente, paisaje expectante

Seducido por lo inquietante de su imagen de eterna espera, este trabajo pretende identificar, catalogar y sondear aquéllos vacíos cuyo peso semiológico denota expectativa no cumplida. Busca explorar la condición perceptiva de la ausencia de una urbanidad reconocible y ahondar sobre los límites físicos y semánticos de estos ámbitos que derivan de la indecisión. Numerosos autores han sucumbido ante sus encantos. Algunos, como Ignasi de Solà-Morales, acuñaban el término de terrain vague interrogando el significado de vacuum y emparentándolo, de manera inalienable, con la condición inherente de inestabilidad como mayor sinónimo de libertad y promesa. Son los lugares de la incertidumbre, el resultado de una crisis económica y de modelo qua azotó con especial crudeza a la España de la burbuja y que la fotógrafa Julia Schulz Dornburg retrató como ruinas modernas (2012). También son los espacios de la obsolescencia programada o fortuita, los bordes e intersticios de unas infraestructuras omnipresentes, redundantes y confusas en nuestro territorio del Camp de Tarragona. Intraestructuras, planteaba Manuel de Solá-Morales. Ámbitos de una periferia perenne, en cuya condición de ordinalidad recae su verdadero valor, tanto ético como estético. En este sentido, partiendo del reconocimiento de la incertidumbre como sinónimo de potencial ecológico que defiende G. Clement (20114), este estudio ensayará, en una primera instancia, una caracterización de esta serie de Otros paisajes (Goula, M. 2006) para, acto seguido, definir las calidades de la gramática territorial de estos paisajes transitivos apostando por un ejercicio de catalogación -transversal y multicriterio- de sus principales valores y complementos.

Seducido por lo inquietante de su imagen de eterna espera, este trabajo pretende identificar, catalogar y sondear aquéllos vacíos cuyo peso semiológico denota expectativa no cumplida. Busca explorar la condición perceptiva de la ausencia de una urbanidad reconocible y ahondar sobre los límites físicos y semánticos de estos ámbitos que derivan de la indecisión. Numerosos autores han sucumbido ante sus encantos. Algunos, como Ignasi de Solà-Morales, acuñaban el término de terrain vague interrogando el significado de vacuum y emparentándolo, de manera inalienable, con la condición inherente de inestabilidad como mayor sinónimo de libertad y promesa. Son los lugares de la incertidumbre, el resultado de una crisis económica y de modelo qua azotó con especial crudeza a la España de la burbuja y que la fotógrafa Julia Schulz Dornburg retrató como ruinas modernas (2012). También son los espacios de la obsolescencia programada o fortuita, los bordes e intersticios de unas infraestructuras omnipresentes, redundantes y confusas en nuestro territorio del Camp de Tarragona. Intraestructuras, planteaba Manuel de Solá-Morales. Ámbitos de una periferia perenne, en cuya condición de ordinalidad recae su verdadero valor, tanto ético como estético. En este sentido, partiendo del reconocimiento de la incertidumbre como sinónimo de potencial ecológico que defiende G. Clement (20114), este estudio ensayará, en una primera instancia, una caracterización de esta serie de Otros paisajes (Goula, M. 2006) para, acto seguido, definir las calidades de la gramática territorial de estos paisajes transitivos apostando por un ejercicio de catalogación -transversal y multicriterio- de sus principales valores y complementos.

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling has been used for design and construction works to overcome the complex nature of underground geological conditions. The accuracy and reliability of geological information reflected by the 3D model are critical for engineers to make sound judgement. The 3D model is usually established using borehole data. The data gaps between boreholes affect the accuracy of the 3D geological model. Instead of getting additional borehole data, geophysical survey is a promisingly cost-effective method to fill the data gaps and improve the assessment of the underground uncertainties. In this study, a case of using the seismic surface wave methods to determine the engineering rockhead and thus fill the data gap in the 3D geological model is presented. In relation to a subway project in Singapore, the combination of geophysical methods and 3D geological model for rockhead detection at this site was explored. Seismic geophysical survey was carried out to map the rockhead which was calibrated and verified using borehole data. This improves the accuracy of the rockhead obtained from 3D geological model. Through this study, a procedure of using geophysical methods to obtain additional data to verify and update the existing 3D geological model has been established. INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling has been widely used for underground design and construction works to overcome the complex nature of underground geological conditions (Dong et al., 2015; Pan et al., 2018; Pan et al., 2020; He et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2021). The accuracy and reliability of the geological information indicated by the 3D model are critical for engineering practitioners to comprehend and visualize the subsurface conditions and make a sound judgement (Wu et al., 2022; Qi et al., 2021). It is considerably significant and valuable in practice to locate the top surface of moderately weathered rock (Weathering Grade III or better) in the 3D geological map since the geo-materials and mechanical behaviors start to vary apparently from this interface. The engineering rockhead is conventionally identified via the traditional geotechnical investigation which involves drilling boreholes and the subsequent interpretation of the borehole logs and coring samples. The accuracy of the interpreted rockhead or geological profile largely depends on the borehole quantity, location and spacing, as well as the interpretation of geologist. When the boreholes are sparse, the uncertainties become large and thus additional boreholes are required to reduce them. Unfortunately, getting more borehole data is expensive. It is also challenging to carry out drilling works within restricted areas such as urbanized cities or inaccessible terrains such as natural reserve or lakes.

The Fort Douglas quadrangle (Plate 1) is in Salt Lake, Davis, and Morgan Counties of northern Utah and covers part of Salt Lake Valley and rugged peaks and canyons of the central Wasatch Range, including the Sessions Mountains. This area straddles the Basin and Range and Middle Rocky Mountains Physiographic Provinces. Parts of the cities of North Salt Lake and Bountiful are in the northwest corner of the quadrangle. The southwest corner covers the northeast part of Utah’s capital, Salt Lake City, including parts of downtown, the Avenues Historic District neighborhood, and the University of Utah including its medical complex and research facilities. Some of these areas were the first parts of the valley settled and developed after the arrival of the Latter-Day Saints in 1847. The Wasatch Range contains steep and rugged terrain that is a critical watershed and recreation area for the population of the heavily urbanized Wasatch Front, as well as critical habitat for wildlife. Major drainages within the quadrangle are, from north to south: Mill Creek Canyon (Bountiful), North Canyon, City Creek Canyon, Dry Creek, Red Butte Canyon, and Emigration Canyon. The northeast corner of the quadrangle contains the upper reaches of Holbrook Canyon and Shingle Mill Creek, a tributary to Hardscrabble Canyon, which feeds the Weber River.

The Vernal NE 7.5' quadrangle is located at the northern boundary of the Colorado Plateau physiographic province, within the Uinta Basin sub-province (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946). The Middle Rocky Mountains, in Fenneman and Johnson’s (1946) classification, is located east and north of the quadrangle. The quadrangle includes Ashley Valley, centered on Ashley Creek, which drains the southern flank of the Uinta Mountains. The western part of the quadrangle is defined by the northwest-southeast-trending Asphalt Ridge and the west-dipping slope along the flank of the ridge. The northeastern part of the quadrangle is largely hills composed of Mancos Shale with a cap of pediment gravel (Sprinkel, 2006). The alluvial valley of Ashley Creek has developed into three distinct communities: Maeser, Naples, and Vernal, which is the most populous city and the County Seat. Nearly all of Ashley Valley is privately owned, allowing for continued growth of these communities and extensive farming operations. Tracts of the quadrangle along its western and eastern edges are a mix of Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands. The primary goals of this map are to provide up-to-date geologic information on the geology surrounding Vernal for the urbanized valley and to break out more detail on Mesozoic units in this region of the Uinta Basin. This work builds on previous mapping by Doug Sprinkel (UGS, retired) (Sprinkel, 2007, 2023). Geology on the periphery and for edge-matching was provided at the 1:24,000 scale through maps of the Dry Fork, Steinaker Reservoir, Donkey Flat, and Vernal NW quadrangles (Haddox et al., 2010; Jensen et al., 2016; Webb, 2017). Mapping was conducted using a combination of black-and-white stereographic photographs from 1937, 1938, and 1974 (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 1937; BLM, 1974) and from 1-meter-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). Mapping was aided with the help of relative elevation models, a derivative from a digital elevation model (DEM), to ascertain the elevation of different terrace treads above the modern river channel (Slaughter and Hubert, 2014; Larrieu, 2022).