Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urdu language

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Urdu language'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Urdu language"

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Dr. Aasma Rani, Dr. Aqsa Naseem Sindhu, and Dr. Sadaf Naqvi. "MUTUAL TRANSLATIONS OF URDU AND PUNJABI." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i01.91.

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Human being uses language to convey their messages, emotions, feelings, observations and experiences to others. For this, language was used as spoken and written language, and different languages came into existence due to geographical boundaries and linguistic groups. And for those who know one language, commonly it is not possible to know another language. Human emotions and feelings are expressed in one language in speech or writing which the other language knower is generally unable to understand. Thus there was a need to translate this expression into another language which was called Translation. This Tradition of translation is also found in the Urdu language, Urdu is also influenced by international and regional languages and it has also had its effects on these languages that are why there is a wide and coherent series of translations of international literature into Urdu and Urdu literature into foreign languages. On the other hand, there is a strong tradition of Urdu translations of regional languages such as Sindhi, Seraiki, Pashto, Balouchi, Brahui and Punjabi literature, and a well-built tradition of translation from Urdu literature into these regional languages. In this article, we will discuss the tradition and importance of Urdu to Punjabi and Punjabi to Urdu translations.
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Dr. Tahmina Abbas. "The revival of Urdu language and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan." Noor e Tahqeeq 6, no. 04 (November 13, 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2022.06041830.

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Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had verstyle personality. At the time when Sir Syed's literary period began, there was no notable prose creation in the Urdu language except the story. During this period, Urdu was the spoken language, but Persian was given priority for writing and compilation. Sir Syed's far-sighted eyes examined all these reasons and found ways for the development of Urdu language. With his efforts, Sir Syed made Urdu one of the top languages ​​of the world. He wrote articles in Urdu with fluency and with his influence. His articles published in "Tehbihul-ul-Akhlaq" have priority among Urdu articles. His works written in Urdu language, ‘‘Tarikh Sarkshi Bijnoor’’, ‘‘Risala Asaab Baghawat e Hind’’, “Khutbat-e- Ahmadiyya”, “Aasaar e sanadeed”, are counted among the important works of this period. Sir Syed is the founder of modern Urdu prose. The language has been given an important place among the important languages ​​of the world. In this paper, the efforts made by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan regarding the revival of Urdu language and literature have been studied.
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DATLA, KAVITA. "A Worldly Vernacular: Urdu at Osmania University." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 5 (September 2009): 1117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x08003715.

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AbstractTwinned as Urdu has become with the fate of India's largest religious minority, Muslims, and with the emergence of the independent state of Pakistan, for which Urdu is the official national language, the story of Urdu holds a peculiar place and a special significance in histories of the subcontinent. Stories of the Urdu language are dramatic, bound up as they are in questions of politics, the fate of Hindus and Muslims and the vicissitudes of both the Urdu and the Hindi languages. Though Hindi–Urdu language politics are an important part of these languages' colonial history, this article emphasizes another story. For, like the other vernaculars of south Asia, Urdu had to contend as much with English as with Hindi, and it is that story that is emphasized here. This article details how early-twentieth-century Hyderabad's Urdu educators engaged with questions of native education, language, and Western science. It highlights the discussions and disagreements that accompanied this educational project as Urdu advocates re-evaluated their language and its sources of authority, attempting to make the Urdu language a worldly vernacular, useful for more than the subcontinent's Muslim population.
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Alam, Mehreen, and Sibt Ul Hussain. "Roman-Urdu-Parl: Roman-Urdu and Urdu Parallel Corpus for Urdu Language Understanding." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464424.

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Availability of corpora is a basic requirement for conducting research in a particular language. Unfortunately, for a morphologically rich language like Urdu, despite being used by over a 100 million people around the globe, the dearth of corpora is a major reason for the lack of attention and advancement in research. To this end, we present the first-ever large-scale publicly available Roman-Urdu parallel corpus, Roman-Urdu-Parl, with 6.37 million sentence-pairs. It is a huge corpus collected from diverse sources, annotated using crowd-sourcing techniques, and also assured for quality. It has a total of 92.76 million Roman-Urdu words, 92.85 million Urdu words, Roman-Urdu vocabulary of 42.9 K words, and Urdu vocabulary of 43.8 K words. Roman-Urdu-Parl has been built to ensure that it not only captures the morphological and linguistic features of the language but also the heterogeneity and variations arising due to demographic conditions. We validate the authenticity and quality of our corpus by using it to address two natural language processing research problems, that is, on learning word embeddings and building a machine transliteration system. Our contribution of the corpus leads to exceptional results in both settings, for example, our machine transliteration system sets a new state-of-the-art with a Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score of 84.67. We believe that Roman-Urdu-Parl can serve as fuel for igniting and advancing works in many research areas related to the Urdu language.
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Ali Raza Siddique, Muhammad Ahmad, and Dr. Muhammad Asim Mahmood. "Identification of Boosters as Metadiscourse across Punjabi and Urdu Languages: A Machine Translation Approach." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(208-222).

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Boosters are said to function appropriately as metadiscourse features across languages. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the functions and appropriateness of the metadiscourse features across Punjabi and Urdu languages. For this purpose, a list of 79 boosters (as metadiscourse features) was considered that (boosters) were first transliterated across Punjabi and Urdu languages employing a machine translation process. Punjabi translation was carried through ‘Akhar’ (a software), and Punjabi corpus (a tool). Whereas Urdu translation was realized through online Urdu thesaurus, and ‘ijunoon’ (an online dictionary). Machine transliteration was followed by manual cleansing of Punjabi and Urdu translated wordlists that helped identify boosters in the corpora. Appropriateness of the identified boosters was then realized through expert opinion and Punjabi corpus (for the Punjabi language), and expert opinion, online Urdu thesaurus, and Urdu WordNet (for the Urdu language). This process further guided about how to; make wordlists, filter as well as verify translated words, and offer interactional and interactive metadiscourse categories across Punjabi and Urdu languages.
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Ayesha Saddiqa. "The Role of Pashto (as L1) and Urdu (as L2) in English Language Learning." Linguistics and Literature Review 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.v4i1.273.

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Pashto is one of the dominant languages in the north of Pakistan. Its speakers prefer to communicate in L1with their peers in non-pashto speaking regions like Lahore, which is the capital city of Punjab, Pakistan. Along with Pashto, they communicate in Urdu (the national language) and English (the most prestigious academic language) for higher education, employment and business. With this background in mind, the current study investigates: (a) what are the common syntactic properties (sentence structure, aspect, preposition, article and mood) in Pashto, Urdu and English languages?, (b) What are the advantages and/ or disadvantages to Pashto speakers in English language learning? and (c) What is the potential role of Urdu in English language learning? Linguistic Proximity Model was used as a theoretical framework to analyze the data. The data was gathered from 19 Bachelor of Science Pashto students of different programs from three universities located in Lahore. The participants were asked to translate sentences from Urdu to English and from Pashto to English to find interference of both Pashto and Urdu in learning the English language. Unlike many studies, the present study negates the facilitative role of background languages in learning the target language. Apparently, although Urdu serves as a base for learning the English language, the present study recommends an independent investigation to explore the role of the Urdu language in learning English.
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JAFAR, MUHAMMAD RAHIM, and MUHAMMAD RAHIM JAFAR. "Challenges toward the Implications of Official Urdu." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i4.234.

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Urdu is associated with the Muslims of the subcontinent region before the partition of Pakistan and India. It is the national language and one of the official languages of Pakistan. English and Urdu are spoken, written, and understood throughout the country, although the Urdu languages are spoken throughout many regions of Pakistan, including the local and regional languages. For the same reason, Urdu was declared Pakistan's national language after the country gained independence.Afterwards, certain bodies were established for its proper implementation as the official language of the country. Implementation of this constitutional obligation, though, requires a thorough exercise and hard work for the development of languages in Pakistan, such as the competing status of Urdu and English Therefore, academia, constitutionalists, and the general public are suggested to come forward to help the government official fulfil this obligation.
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Muhammad, Khalid Bin, and S. M. Aqil Burney. "Innovations in Urdu Sentiment Analysis Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques for Two-Class Classification of Symmetric Datasets." Symmetry 15, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15051027.

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Many investigations have performed sentiment analysis to gauge public opinions in various languages, including English, French, Chinese, and others. The most spoken language in South Asia is Urdu. However, less work has been carried out on Urdu, as Roman Urdu is also used in social media (Urdu written in English alphabets); therefore, it is easy to use it in English language processing software. Lots of data in Urdu, as well as in Roman Urdu, are posted on social media sites such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, etc. This research focused on the collection of pure Urdu Language data and the preprocessing of the data, applying feature extraction, and innovative methods to perform sentiment analysis. After reviewing previous efforts, machine learning and deep learning algorithms were applied to the data. The obtained results were compared, and hybrid methods were also recommended in this research, enabling new avenues to conduct Urdu language data sentiment analysis.
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Murtaza, Hafiz Ghulam, and Dr Almas Khanum. "Background of Urdu Script." Noor e Tahqeeq 7, no. 03 (September 27, 2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2023.07032024.

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The story of the origin of script is hidden in the deep veils of the past and to reach it, the origin of language has to be considered. It is certain that the language was born before the script and reached the destination of meaningful words after completing a cultural journey of many centuries. Script refers to the written expression of a language through specific words. Every script has its own limitations as per its use and applicability. All languages have specific scripts with certain qualities and shortcomings. Oriental languages also use different scripts with many variations such as ‘Naskh’, ‘Kufi’ and ‘Nastaliq’. Origin and development of these scripts in relation to the Urdu language and its script have been analyzed in this article with special historic perspective.
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Faiza Mushtaq, Sumaira Hashmi, and Fasiha Maryam. "OBSOLETE WORDS IN URDU LANGUAGE." Inception - Journal of Languages and Literature 2, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/ijll.v2i1.7.

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Urdu is the national language of Pakistan. It is a standardized register of Hindustani language and is lingua franca of Pakistan. Urdu is the official language of six Indian states. The study aims to investigate how language is dying out within the language the words are obsoleted from Urdu language. The target population for this study was Native speaker of Urdu language of 11-25 years age, 26-40 years age, 41-55 and 60 years & above of age. The sample consisted of 20 people each group. The data was obtained through wordlist of 60 chosen words and then in the end, interviews were administered to decipher the language attrition in Urdu language. Triangulation approach was used for data analysis. The data of 65 respondents was analyzed using statistical tests in order to compare the performance of native and non-native speakers of Urdu language. Their motivation was also examined. Results revealed that in native speech community, the speakers of 41-55 age groups know many words along with its correct meanings and correct usage and the ratio was not that bad even in the group of participants who are aged 26-40. But in the group aged 11-25 the ratio is alarmingly low. The language is not transmitted to the next generation because the parents of this age group themselves did not acquire Urdu as their first language. Language is not documented in modern time that is why it is changing. There are many other words from other languages that are replacing the actual word of Urdu language. Speakers are using those words for convenience purpose as well. The need of the time is to document the language with its essence to prove its antiquity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urdu language"

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Sneddon, Raymonde. "Language and literacy in the multilingual family." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312272.

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Bögel, Tina, Miriam Butt, Annette Hautli, and Sebastian Sulger. "Developing a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu and Hindi." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2715/.

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We introduce and discuss a number of issues that arise in the process of building a finite-state morphological analyzer for Urdu, in particular issues with potential ambiguity and non-concatenative morphology. Our approach allows for an underlyingly similar treatment of both Urdu and Hindi via a cascade of finite-state transducers that transliterates the very different scripts into a common ASCII transcription system. As this transliteration system is based on the XFST tools that the Urdu/Hindi common morphological analyzer is also implemented in, no compatibility problems arise.
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Ranjan, Rajiv. "Acquisition of ergative case in L2 Hindi-Urdu." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3168.

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This dissertation contributes to an ongoing debate on the types of linguistic features which can be acquired in a second language by looking at the multiple learning challenges related to the ergative case system (the appearance of –ne with the subject) in Hindi-Urdu by classroom learners. Some hypotheses in second language research hold that interpretable features (features which contribute semantic information) can be acquired in a second language, whereas uninterpretable features (features which express grammatical information) cannot be easily acquired, if ever. Additionally, hypotheses in second language processing hold that the second language learners are able to process semantic information but not grammatical information. This dissertation investigates at the acquisition process of second language learners of Hindi-Urdu acquiring the uninterpretable ergative case. In Hindi-Urdu, the subject of a sentence appears with the ergative case marker –ne, when the verb is transitive and in the perfective aspect. In my dissertation, I test the validity of the aforementioned hypotheses and investigate the acquisition and acquisitional process of ergative case in L2 Hindi-Urdu by L1 English speakers by analyzing data collected by using an acceptability/grammaticality judgement task, a self-paced reading task and a production task from Hindi-Urdu learners and native speakers.
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Kaleem, Mohammed. "Methodology and algorithms for Urdu language processing in a conversational agent." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/344/.

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This thesis presents the research and development of a novel text based goal-orientated conversational agent (CA) for the Urdu language called UMAIR (Urdu Machine for Artificially Intelligent Recourse). A CA is a computer program that emulates a human in order to facilitate a conversation with the user. The aim is investigate the Urdu language and its lexical and grammatical features in order to, design a novel engine to handle the language unique features of Urdu. The weakness in current Conversational Agent (CA) engines is that they are not suited to be implemented in other languages which have grammar rules and structure totally different to English. From a historical perspective CA’s including the design of scripting engines, scripting methodologies, resources and implementation procedures have been implemented for the most part in English and other Western languages (i.e. German and Spanish). The development of an Urdu conversational agent has required the research and development of new CA framework which incorporates methodologies and components in order overcome the language unique features of Urdu such as free word order, inconsistent use of space, diacritical marks and spelling. The new CA framework was utilised to implement UMAIR. UMAIR is a customer service agent for National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) designed to answer user queries related to ID card and Passport applications. UMAIR is able to answer user queries related to the domain through discourse with the user by leading the conversation using questions and offering appropriate advice with the intention of leading the discourse to a pre-determined goal. The research and development of UMAIR led to the creation of several novel CA components, namely a new rule based Urdu CA engine which combines pattern matching and sentence/string similarity techniques along with new algorithms to process user utterances. Furthermore, a CA evaluation framework has been researched and tested which addresses the gap in research to develop the evaluation of natural language systems in general. Empirical end user evaluation has validated the new algorithms and components implemented in UMAIR. The results show that UMAIR is effective as an Urdu CA, with the majority of conversations leading to the goal of the conversation. Moreover the results also revealed that the components of the framework work well to mitigate the challenges of free word order and inconsistent word segmentation.
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Ansari, Sanaullah. "Researching Sindhi and Urdu students' reading habits and reading performance in a Pakistani university context." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/581885.

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between reading habits (in English, in L1 and overall) and English reading performance among Sindhi and Urdu students at the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, and also to explore the factors that might have influenced these aspects. The main motivation for the selection of this study was the participants’ poor English reading proficiency. An explanatory sequential mixed methods research design was adopted, which allowed collecting and analysing quantitative data first to gain a general understanding of the phenomenon followed by an in-depth qualitative interview with a smaller sample to further explore and explain the phenomena in question. After a pilot study, firstly the quantitative study was conducted with 220 students from Sindhi speaking (n=133) and Urdu speaking (n=87) groups using a reading habits questionnaire and an English reading test. The data was analysed in detail. Following analysis, six students, three from each Sindhi and Urdu group were selected for in-depth interviews and the data was analysed using Thematic Analysis. Finally, both quantitative and qualitative findings were synthesised to reach the outcome of the study. The findings of this study suggested that there was a lack of leisure reading habit among the participants other than textbook reading, and their reading frequency of academic articles was relatively low (Sindhi and Urdu as one group). The participants showed similar reading habits in English and in L1 and there were no significant differences between Sindhi and Urdu students’ reading habits in English, in L1 and overall. However, Urdu students scored significantly (p=.000) higher than Sindhi students on English reading performance. There was very little, if any, correlation between reading habits (in English, in L1 and overall) and English reading performance of all students (as one group) and between Sindhi and Urdu students respectively. However, this study strongly suggested that home background, educational background, English language learning environment in the past, and socio-cultural background greatly influence reading habits and English reading performance of Sindhi and Urdu students in the Pakistani university context. Additionally, this study suggested that Urdu students come from backgrounds that are more supportive of reading, which may be a probable cause of their English reading performance being higher than Sindhi students in this study.
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Rahman, Omar. "Language, culture, and the fundamental attribution error." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217390.

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Previous research has shown that language differences can cause cognitive differences, and that. the availability of certain lexical terms can predispose individuals to certain ways of thinking. The fundamental attribution error (FAE), or the tendency to favor dispositional over situational explanations, is more common in Western, individualistic cultures than in Eastern, collectivist ones. In this study, bilingual South Asian-Americans read scenarios, in English and in Urdu, and rated the extent to which target individuals and situational variables were responsible for the events. It was hypothesized that the availability of a dispositional word in the language of presentation would predispose participants to commit the FAE. Results did not support that hypothesis. However, there was some indication that familiarity with a language increases the tendency to commit the FAE. Possible reasons for the findings are discussed.
Department of Psychological Science
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Skov, Bjarne. "Mitt hjemland Panjab : verdier i urdulærebøker fra 1.-5. klasse i grunnskolen i Pakistan og rammebetingelser i det pakistanske skoleverket : hva er relevansen for Osloskolen? /." Oslo : Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/IKOS/2007/59612/Master-AAS-urdu-BjarneSkov.pdf.

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Mobbs, Michael Christopher. "Languages as identity symbols : an investigation into language attitudes and behaviour amongst second-generation South Asian schoolchildren in Britain, including the special case of Hindi and Urdu." Thesis, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360315.

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Abdullah, Sohail. "Hissār." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3145.

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Hissaar is a noun and a verb, it is the periphery and the extremities, and the walls and the fortress. And it is to encircle, to wrap and to contain. This paper is an inexhaustive account of thoughts, experiences and lessons learned, of varying forms that influence my aesthetic sensibilities, my art-value system, and my art- ethical concerns. They provide for my art the impetus for its perpetual (and perhaps circular) journey. It is about finding connections between the fraying ends of free floating ideas. The following fragments explores how words make ideas, ideas make images, images make memory; memory sets into architecture, architecture moves the body, the body needs pain and pain needs words.
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Das, Pradeep Kumar. "Grammatical agreement in Hindi-Urdu and its major varieties /." Muenchen : Lincom Europa, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402426374.

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Books on the topic "Urdu language"

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Ae, Ṣafī Ḥamīd, and Karnāṭak Urdū Akādmī, eds. Kannaḍa-Urdu nighaṇṭu =: Kanṛā-Urdū ḍikshnarī = Kannada-Urdu dictionary. Beṅgaḷūru: Karnāṭaka Urdu Akāḍemi, 1997.

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ʻAbdulḥaq. English-Urdu Urdu-English combined dictionary =: Angrezī-Urdū ḍikshnarī Urdū-Angrezī ḍikshnarī. New Delhi: Star Publications, 2002.

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Akbar, Hyder Syed, ed. Let's study Urdu =: Āʼīye Urdū paṛhen̲. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007.

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Mathews, David. Urdu. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill, 2004.

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India) Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Furog̲h̲-i Urdū Zabān (New Delhi. Urdū-Hindī lug̲h̲at: Urdu-Hindi dictionary. Naʼī Dihlī: Qaumī Kaunsil barāʼe Furog̲h̲-i Urdū Zabān, 2014.

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Muḥammad, Amīn. Japanese Urdu dictionary =: Jāpānī Urdū ḍikshnarī. Lahore: Maktabah al-Quraish, 1988.

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Cuppaiyā, Pon̲. Farhang-i iṣt̤ilāḥāt-i taʻʼīn-i qadr (Urdū-Angrezī-Urdū): Glossary of evaluation terms (Urdu-English-Urdu). Maisūr: Hindustānī Zabānaun̲ kā Markazī Idārah, 2011.

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Raatma, Lucia. Urdu. London: Raintree, 2011.

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Raatma, Lucia. Urdu. London: Raintree, 2012.

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Ahmad, Amjad. Wörterbuch Deutsch-Englisch-Urdu =: Jarman, Inglish, Urdū lug̲h̲āt. Wettenberg: VVB Laufersweiler, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urdu language"

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Fariyad, Mohammad. "Urdu television." In Regional Language Television in India, 98–105. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270420-8.

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Pandit, Mohammad Khalid, and Azra Nazir. "Urdu QA: Question Answering System for Urdu Language." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 435–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4604-8_35.

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Nijhawan, Shobna. "The Hindi-Urdu Heritage Language Stream." In The Routledge Handbook of Heritage Language Education, 394–406. New York, NY ; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge Handbooks in Linguistics: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315727974-28.

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Hopf, Arian. "Urdu Language Ideologies and Pakistani Identity." In Language Ideologies and the Vernacular in Colonial and Postcolonial South Asia, 34–56. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003279921-4.

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Sinha, Anjani Kumar. "Representation, Narration, and Appropriateness in Hindi–Urdu Fiction." In Language Studies in India, 73–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5276-0_5.

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Baig, Mirza Baber, and Taoshen S. Li. "Parallel String Matching for Urdu Language Text." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 369–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6052-7_32.

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Aziz, Romila, and Muhammad Waqas Anwar. "Urdu Spell Checker: A Scarce Resource Language." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 471–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5232-8_40.

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Beg, Azam, and S. K. Hasnain. "A Speech Recognition System for Urdu Language." In Wireless Networks, Information Processing and Systems, 118–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_14.

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Ashraf, Javed, Naveed Iqbal, Naveed Sarfraz Khattak, and Ather Mohsin Zaidi. "Speaker Independent Urdu Speech Recognition Using HMM." In Natural Language Processing and Information Systems, 140–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13881-2_14.

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Montaut, Annie. "The verbal form V-ā in Hindi/Urdu." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 413–46. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.172.13mon.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urdu language"

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Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad, Naman Jain, Ashwini Vaidya, Martha Palmer, Tafseer Ahmed Khan, Dipti Misra Sharma, and James Babani. "Adapting Predicate Frames for Urdu PropBanking." In Proceedings of the EMNLP'2014 Workshop on Language Technology for Closely Related Languages and Language Variants. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-4206.

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Khan, Nuzhat, Muhammad Paend Bakht, Muhammad Junaid Khan, and Abdul Samad. "Complex Network of Urdu Language." In 2019 13th International Conference on Mathematics, Actuarial Science, Computer Science and Statistics (MACS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/macs48846.2019.9024791.

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Malik, Muhammad Kamran, Aasim Ali, and Shahid Siddiq. "Behavior of Word 'kaa' in Urdu Language." In 2010 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2010.67.

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Kabir, H. "Natural language processing for Urdu TTS system." In International Multi Topic Conference, 2002. Abstracts. INMIC 2002. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2002.1310165.

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Anwar, Waqas, Xuan Wang, and Xiao-long Wang. "A Survey of Automatic Urdu Language Processing." In 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2006.259164.

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Rehman, Zia Ul, and Imran Sarwar Bajwa. "Lexicon-based sentiment analysis for Urdu language." In 2016 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intech.2016.7845095.

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Nasim, Zarmeen, Shaukat Abidi, and Sajjad Haider. "Modeling POS Tagging for the Urdu Language." In 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Smart Technologies (ICETST). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetst49965.2020.9080721.

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Naseer, Asma, Tanzeela Shakeel, Kinza Arshad, and Zeenia Ather. "Analysis of Corpus Development for Urdu Language." In 2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing (ICIC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic53490.2021.9693048.

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Siddiq, Shahid, Sarmad Hussain, Aasim Ali, Kamran Malik, and Wajid Ali. "Urdu Noun Phrase Chunking - Hybrid Approach." In 2010 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2010.71.

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Sulger, Sebastian. "Discontinuous Genitives in Hindi/Urdu." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Discontinuous Structures in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-0905.

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Reports on the topic "Urdu language"

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Gurung, M. B., Uma Pratap, N. C. T. D. Shrestha, H. K. Sharma, N. Islam, and N. B. Tamang. Beekeeping Training for Farmers in Afghanistan: Resource Manual for Trainers [in Urdu]. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.564.

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Abstract:
Beekeeping contributes to rural development by supporting agricultural production through pollination and by providing honey, wax, and other products for home use and sale. It offers a good way for resource-poor farmers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas to obtain income, as it requires only a small start-up investment, can be carried out in a small space close to the home, and generally yields profits within a year of operation. A modern approach to bee management, using frame hives and focusing on high quality, will help farmers benefit most fully from beekeeping. This manual is designed to help provide beekeepers with the up-to-date training they need. It presents an inclusive curriculum developed through ICIMOD’s work with partner organizations in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, supported by the Austrian Development Agency. A wide range of stakeholders – trainers, trainees, government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), associations and federations, and private entrepreneurs – were engaged in the identification of curriculum needs and in development and testing of the curriculum. The manual covers the full range of beekeeping-related topics, including the use of bees for crop pollination; production of honey, wax and other hive products; honey quality standards; and using value chain and market management to increase beekeepers’ benefits. It also includes emerging issues and innovations regarding such subjects as indigenous honeybees, gender and equity, integrated pest management, and bee-related policy. The focus is on participatory hands-on training, with clear explanations in simple language and many illustrations. The manual provides a basic resource for trainers and field extension workers in government and NGOs, universities, vocational training institutes, and private sector organizations, and for local trainers in beekeeping groups, beekeeping resource centres, cooperatives, and associations, for use in training Himalayan farmers. Individual ICIMOD regional member countries are planning local language editions adapted for their countries’ specific conditions.
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