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Journal articles on the topic 'Urea assisted combustion synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sahu, Ranjan K., A. K. Ray, S. K. Das, A. J. Kailath, and L. C. Pathak. "Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of Ni powder using urea." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 7 (2006): 1664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0211.

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A novel microwave-assisted combustion method was used to prepare Ni powder. The method involves the combustion reaction of nickel nitrate and urea as a fuel in the microwave field. The initiation of the exothermic peak of the combustion reaction was found to vary as a function of urea content. The microwave-prepared Ni powder was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and magnetic measurement. The XRD pattern revealed that t

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2

D., Narsimulu, Nageswara Rao B., Venkateswarlu M., and Satyanarayana N. "Synthesis and characterization of spinel LiMn2O4 nanoparticles by urea assisted combustion synthesis." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, May 2015 (2015): 792–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5704127.

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Department of Physics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605 014, India <em>E-mail </em>: nallanis2011@gmail.com R & D, Amararaja Batteries, Tirupati-517 501, Andhra Pradesh, India Spinel LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> has been widely used as cathode material in lithium ion batteries because of its high energy density, low cost, high abundance, environmental friendliness etc. The application of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in high power applications is limited by its low rate capability. In order to overcome this problem, attempts have made through the reduction of particle size from mic

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3

Rai, Alok Kumar, Sungjin Kim, Jihyeon Gim, Muhammad Hilmy Alfaruqi, Vinod Mathew, and Jaekook Kim. "Electrochemical lithium storage of a ZnFe2O4/graphene nanocomposite as an anode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries." RSC Adv. 4, no. 87 (2014): 47087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08414d.

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A graphene-based ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite synthesized using urea-assisted auto combustion synthesis shows improved electrode performance probably due to strong bonding and hence improved intrinsic conductivity of ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.

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4

Chandel, Sakshee, Seulgi Lee, Sungjin Kim, et al. "Structural and electrochemical behavior of a NiMnO3/Mn2O3 nanocomposite as an anode for high rate and long cycle lithium ion batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 33 (2019): 12916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02800e.

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In this work, first time a pre-designed NiMnO<sub>3</sub>/Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocomposite is synthesized via a facile urea-assisted auto-combustion synthesis with the phase fraction ratio of ∼89% and ∼11%, respectively as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

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Jalota, Sahil, A. Cuneyt Tas, and Sarit B. Bhaduri. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of calcium phosphate nanowhiskers." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 6 (2004): 1876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0230.

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Calcium phosphate [single-phase hydroxyapatite (HA), single-phase tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic HA-TCP] nanowhiskers and/or powders were produced by using a novel microwave-assisted “combustion synthesis (auto ignition)/molten salt synthesis” hybrid route. This work is an example of our “synergistic processing” philosophy combining these three technologies while taking advantage of their useful aspects. Aqueous solutions containing NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and KH2PO4 (with or without urea) were irradiated in a household microwave oven for 5 min at 600 watts of power. The as-synthesized

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KASAPOGLU, N., A. BAYKAL, Y. KOSEOGLU, and M. TOPRAK. "Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of CoFe2O4 with urea, and its magnetic characterization." Scripta Materialia 57, no. 5 (2007): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.04.042.

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7

Luiz, Thaís, Fabio Nakagomi, Reny Renzetti, and Guilherme Siqueira. "Nb2O5 nanoparticles obtained by microwave assisted combustion synthesis under different conditions." Processing and Application of Ceramics 15, no. 2 (2021): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2102128l.

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The microwave assisted combustion synthesis (MACS) as a new, quick and low cost synthesis method was used for preparation of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) powders. The present paper investigated the effect of reactant concentrations (ammonium niobium oxalate, urea and ammonium nitrate) on the characteristics of Nb2O5 nanoparticles. Three samples were synthesized with stoichiometric ratio between the fuel and oxidant (C1), excess of oxidant (C2) and excess of fuel (C3). In all samples, Nb2O5 crystalline nanoparticles with irregular morphology were detected. The synthesis of nanoparticles with small

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8

Mishra, Girish C., Kabita Ku Satapathy, Sanjay J. Dhoble, and Rajiv S. Kher. "Urea assisted self combustion synthesis of CaAl2O4:Eu phosphor and its mechanoluminescence characterization." New J. Chem. 41, no. 5 (2017): 2193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj02514e.

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9

WEN, FENGYU. "SYNTHESIS AND ROOM TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETIC PROPERTY OF COBALT DOPED ZINC OXIDE." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 14 (2009): 1799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490901996x.

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Nanocrystalline Co -doped ZnO ( Zn 1-x Co x O , x = 0.00, 0.05) powders have been successfully prepared by a microwave-assisted combustion method using Zn ( NO 3)2·6 H 2 O and Co ( NO 3)2·6 H 2 O as starting materials and urea as fuel. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the combustion process took only a few minutes to obtain Zn 1-x Co x O powders. The field dependence of magnetization measurement at room temperature for the as-prepared Zn 0.95 Co 0.05 O powders

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10

Lu, Yani, Xiangyu Ma, Jinping Ren, Jinke Kang, and Yatao Wang. "Exploration of the Reduction Diffusion Temperature for Different Phases of Samarium–Cobalt Magnetic Particles." Molecules 30, no. 9 (2025): 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30091975.

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We report a method for synthesizing different phases of samarium–cobalt particles through microwave-assisted combustion combined with high-temperature reduction and diffusion, and identify the optimal temperature for forming the 1:5 phase using this approach. Initially, the samarium-to-cobalt ratio in a nitrate solution was determined. Using urea as both a reductant and fuel, samarium–cobalt oxides were synthesized via microwave-assisted combustion. The main components of the oxides were confirmed to be SmCoO3 and Co3O4. Subsequently, samarium–cobalt particles were synthesized at various diffu

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11

Nehru, L. C., and C. Sanjeeviraja. "Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powders Using Zinc Nitrate and Various Amount of Organic Fuels as Reactants: Influence of Reactant Parameters - A Status Review." Nano Hybrids 6 (February 2014): 75–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nh.6.75.

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Nanocrystalline ZnO powders have been synthesized by a novel and simple microwave-assisted combustion synthesis method using urea, glycine, carbohydrazine and citric acid as fuels and zinc nitrate as oxidant. The starting materials were directly mixed and a slurry precursor with high homogeneity was formed due to the hygroscopicity of the reactants. The precursor could be ignited at room temperature, resulting in dry, loose and voluminous ZnO powders. An interpretation based on an adiabatic flame temperature, amount of gases produced during reaction for various fuel-to-oxidizer molar ratios (ψ

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12

Baig, Nahida, N. S. Dhoble, N. S. Kokode, and S. J. Dhoble. "Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+ and Ce3+ Activated Calcium Chlorophosphate Via Combustion Synthesis Method." Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences 1, no. 1-2 (2016): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojps01.0102.03.

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Calcium chlorophosphate (Ca2PO4Cl) phosphors, activated by rare earth ions Eu3+ and Ce3+ were prepared by urea assisted combustion synthesis technique and their characterization and luminescent properties were studied. The synthesized phosphors were investigated by powdered XRD, SEM and Photoluminescence characterization (PL) methods. PL excitation spectra of Ca2PO4Cl:Eu3+/Ce3+ phosphor exhibit narrow bands in the near ultra violet (n-UV) range, and the PL emission spectra of Ca2PO4Cl: Eu3+/Ce3+ phosphor shows sharp narrow bands typical of rare earth ions. The bands observed in the PL emission

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13

Frikha, Kawthar, Simona Bennici, Jamel Bouaziz, Kamel Chaari, and Lionel Limousy. "Influence of the Fuel/Oxidant Ratio on the Elaboration of Binary Oxide Catalyst by a Microwave-Assisted Solution Combustion Method." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123126.

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Three series of binary metal oxide catalysts containing Ni, Cu, or Co oxides were prepared, fully characterized and tested in CO oxidation. The catalysts, with a constant transition metal loading of 10 wt%, were prepared from metal nitrates and urea mixtures by a microwave-assisted solution combustion method. The RV/OV ratio, corresponding to the stoichiometry of the reactants, calculated from their elemental oxidizing and reducing valences, was varied. In order to modify the redox character of the synthesis medium from the quantity of urea; an excess of urea was used for attaining reducing co

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14

Hari Mohan, Erabhoina, Varma Siddhartha, Raghavan Gopalan, Tata Narasinga Rao, and Dinesh Rangappa. "Urea and sucrose assisted combustion synthesis of LiFePO4/C nano-powder for lithium-ion battery cathode application." AIMS Materials Science 1, no. 4 (2014): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2014.4.191.

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15

Vedala, Subhashini, and M. Sushama. "Urea Assisted Combustion Synthesis of LiFePO4/C Nano composite Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery Storage System." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2018): 1649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.259.

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16

Watras, Adam, Marta Wujczyk, Michael Roecken, Katarzyna Kucharczyk, Krzysztof Marycz, and Rafal J. Wiglusz. "Investigation of Pyrophosphates KYP2O7Co-Doped with Lanthanide Ions Useful for Theranostics." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (2019): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111597.

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Diphosphate compounds (KYP2O7) co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions were obtained by one step urea assisted combustion synthesis. The experimental parameters of synthesis were optimized using an experimental design approach related to co-dopants concentration and heattreatment as well as annealing time. The obtained materials were studied with theinitial requirements showing appropriate morphological (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)) and spectroscopic properties (emission, luminescence kinetics). Moreover, the effect of Er3+ and Yb3+ ions doped KYP2O7 on morphology, pro

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17

Zhao, Chenhao, Zhibiao Hu, Zehai Qiu, and Kaiyu Liu. "Urea‐assisted combustion synthesis of porous Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 Mn 0.54 O 2 microspheres as high‐performance lithium‐ion battery cathodes." Micro & Nano Letters 10, no. 11 (2015): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2015.0306.

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18

Dhaterwal, Deepika, Mahesh Matoria, Annu Dalal, Surender Kumar, and Sonika Singh. "Synthesis and Characterization of Color Tunable Europium(III) and Terbium(III) Co-Doped LaSrAl3O7 Nanocrystalline Phosphors: A Photoluminescent Synergy." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 8 (2024): 1933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32115.

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Color tunable La0.99-xEuxTb0.01SrAl3O7 (x = 0.01-0.07 mol) luminous nanocrystalline materials were synthesized using an affordable, simple, streamlined and self-propagating, urea-assisted solution combustion synthesis route. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of optimized La0.95Eu0.04Tb0.01SrAl3O7 co-doped phosphor sintered at 900 ºC revealed the formation of single phased phosphor having tetragonal crystalline structure with P421m (113) space group. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed agglomerates featuring

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19

Dall'Antonia, Luiz Henrique, and Luan Pereira Camargo. "(Invited) Photoelectrochemical Properties of Binary Vanadate Oxides: A Comprehensive Synthesis/Application Relationship." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 56 (2025): 2725. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01562725mtgabs.

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The development of novel materials with catalytic and energy storage properties is essential due to increasing industrial growth, energy crises, environmental challenges, and rising global energy demands. Binary metal oxides outperform single-component oxides, offering higher electrical conductivity, versatile oxidation states, and tunable structures. Among these, vanadate-based materials (MxVyOz, where M = Bi, Fe, Cu, Ce) have gained attention for their low band gap energy (visible light absorption), excellent chemical and thermal stability, low toxicity, high elemental abundance, and synergi

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20

Goryachko, Alexander Ivanovich, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanin, and Vladimir Yurievich Buzko. "Synthesis, Microstructural and Electromagnetic Characteristics of Cobalt-Zinc Ferrite." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, no. 4 (2020): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/3115.

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In this study, cobalt-zinc ferrite (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) was obtained by the glycine-nitrate method followed by annealing in a high-temperature furnace at a temperature of 1300 °С. The qualitative composition and its microstructural characteristics were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.The analysis of the micrographs demonstrated that the cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder obtained after thermal annealing has an average particle size of 1.7±1 μm. The analysis of XRD data showed that the annealed cobalt-zinc ferrite mic

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21

Quino, Candell Grace Paredes, Juan Paolo Bermundo, Mutsunori Uenuma, and Yukiharu Uraoka. "Performance Enhancement of Solution-Processed Si_xSn_yO TFTs using Solution Combustion Synthesis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 35 (2022): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02351280mtgabs.

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Amorphous oxide semiconductors thin-film transistors (AOs TFTs) have gained interest over the years because of their advantages over a-Si and poly-Si transistors.In particular, tin oxide is used as a semiconductor material because of its abundance, low toxicity, and high intrinsic mobility. Performance-wise, tin oxide TFTs need improvement because the reported average mobility remains < 10 cm2/Vs.1 Previous research used silicon doping to reduce tin oxide’s oxygen vacancies and improve its performance as a semiconductor channel.Currently, SixSnyO TFTs are fabricated using vacuum process, bu

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22

Yoshito, Walter Kenji, Marcos A. Scapin, Valter Ussui, Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar, and José Octavio Armani Paschoal. "Combustion Synthesis of NiO/YSZ Composite." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.777.

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Nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) anode materials were synthesized by combustion process involving metal nitrate-urea decomposition. The precursor was heated to evaporate water undergoing dehydration, and then the mixtures froth and swell. Further heating produces large amounts of gases that ignite at ambient atmosphere. Different nitrate/urea initial molar ratios were employed in order to investigate the influence of the reaction temperature in the physical characteristics of the powder composite. The flame temperature was measured by infrared optical pyrometer. The combustion

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23

Bai, J. H., and J. C. Liu. "Solution combustion synthesis and sintering behavior of porous MgAl2O4 powders." Science of Sintering 42, no. 2 (2010): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1002133b.

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Porous MgAl2O4 powders were synthesized with a solution combustion route using a mixture of glycine and urea with the glycine/urea molar ratio of 2/9 as fuel. For the comparison purpose, denser powders were also combustion synthesized using urea as fuel. The porous/denser structure, characteristics (e.g. crystallite size and specific surface areas) and sinterability of the two powders were investigated in detail. Experimental results disclosed that the as-prepared porous powders exhibited a much lower degree of agglomeration, smaller average agglomerate particle size and larger surface areas a

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24

Zhuravlev, V. D., V. G. Bamburov, A. R. Beketov та ін. "Solution combustion synthesis of α-Al2O3 using urea". Ceramics International 39, № 2 (2013): 1379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.07.078.

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25

Ramkumar, Ramya, and Manickam Minakshi. "Fabrication of ultrathin CoMoO4 nanosheets modified with chitosan and their improved performance in energy storage device." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 13 (2015): 6158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00622h.

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Sadeghzade, Sorour, Rahmatollah Emadi, and Fariborz Tavangarian. "Combustion assisted synthesis of hardystonite nanopowder." Ceramics International 42, no. 13 (2016): 14656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.06.088.

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27

Ianoş, Robert. "An efficient solution for the single-step synthesis of 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 powders." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 1 (2009): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0019.

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Single-phase nanocrystalline 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3 powders were prepared directly from the combustion reaction using a new cost-effective, time-saving, and environmentally friendly version of solution combustion synthesis. Instead of a single fuel, a fuel mixture of urea and β-alanine was used. It was shown by x-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and optical microscopy that this new version of the solution combustion synthesis allows the maximization of the exothermic effect associated with the combustion reaction. On the other hand, it was shown that the

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28

Nascimento, Imarally V. de S. R., Willams T. Barbosa, Raúl G. Carrodeguas, Marcus V. L. Fook, and Miguel A. Rodríguez. "Synthesis of Wollastonite Powders by Combustion Method: Role of Amount of Fuel." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (September 9, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6213568.

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The objective of this work has been the synthesis of wollastonite by solution combustion method. The novelty of this work has been obtaining the crystalline phase without the need of thermal treatments after the synthesis. For this purpose, urea was used as fuel. Calcium nitrate was selected as a source of calcium and colloidal silica served as a source of silicon. The effect of the amount of fuel on the combustion process was investigated. Temperature of the combustion reaction was followed by digital pyrometry. The obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X

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29

Zhu, Chunyu, Cheng-gong Han, and Tomohiro Akiyama. "Controlled synthesis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials with superior electrochemical performance through urea-based solution combustion synthesis." RSC Advances 5, no. 62 (2015): 49831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06109a.

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30

Ahn, Jong Bin, Dong Soo Kim, Young Kook Kim, and Jung Goo Lee. "Synthesis of AlN Particles by Microwave-Assisted Urea Route." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.191.

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Novel simple route to prepare AlN nanoparticles was proposed in this study. Aluminum nitride powder was synthesized by microwave-assisted urea route. Aluminum chloride was dissolved in ethanol and urea was added to this solution considering molar concentration with Aluminum chloride. The solution was heated under microwave (MW) irradiation from 60°C to 80°C for 5-10 minutes. And then heat treatment was performed in N2 atmosphere with various temperatures and time to obtain AlN particles. While microwave was irradiated to the mixed solution with Aluminum chloride, urea and ethanol, the solvent

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Kumar, Pawan, Devender Singh, and Harish Kumar. "A green light emissive LaSr₂AlO₅:Er³⁺ nanocrystalline material for solid state lighting: crystal phase refinement and down-conversion photoluminescence with high thermal stability." RSC Advances 14, no. 2 (2024): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07175h.

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The present study reveals the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of a down-converted (DC) green luminous Er3+ doped LaSr2AlO5 phosphor that was produced by employing an efficient and reliable gel-combustion process assisted with urea as a fuel.

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32

Monticeli, Samuel Lamarão Alves, Judes Gonçalves Dos Santos, Luciene Batista Da Silveira, Antonio Alonso, and Fernando Fabris. "Synthesis Of Mn1.3FeTi2Ow Nanocomposite By Urea Catalyzed Thermal Combustion." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 17, no. 3 (2025): 01–10. https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-1703020110.

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This study reports the synthesis and characterization of the multimetallic nanocomposite MnxFeyTiz via ureaassisted solution combustion synthesis. Stoichiometric amounts of FeCl3·6H2O, MnCl2·4H2O and TiO2 were used as precursors, with urea acting as both fuel and complexing agent. The precursor mixture was thermally ignited at 300–400 °C in air and subsequently calcined at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Structural and morphological characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscop

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Simmi, Dr. Verjesh Kumar Magotra, and Dr. Shaveta Thakur. "Thermochemical Analysis of Urea and Citric Acid-Fuelled Solution Combustion for Zinc-Based Nano Oxide Synthesis." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 3 (2025): 1315–26. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2512177.

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The present study investigates the influence of fuel type and combustion parameters on the synthesis efficiency and material characteristics of zinc-based nano metal oxides via the solution combustion process (SCP). Urea and citric acid were employed as organic fuels to facilitate redox reactions with zinc nitrate serving as the oxidizer. The thermal behavior, combustion reaction kinetics, fuel-to-oxidizer ratios (Φ), and their impact on combustion temperature, product morphology, and phase purity were systematically analyzed. Characterization techniques including flame observation, XRD, SEM a

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Chu, Aimin, Longqing Zhang, Rafi Ud-din, and Yuping Zhao. "Reaction Model and Mechanism of Preparing (Al2O3 + C) Precursor for Carbothermal Synthesis of AlN by a Modified Low Temperature Combustion Synthesis Method." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186216.

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The preparation of a homogeneous mixture of (Al2O3 + C) precursor is the key step for the successful synthesis of AlN powders by the carbothermal reduction and nitridation method. In the present work, the homogeneous (Al2O3 + C) precursor prepared by a modified low temperature combustion synthesis (MLCS) method by using aluminum nitrate, glucose, and urea as materials exhibited high reaction activity. Furthermore, in order to absolutely control the MLCS process and continuously improve the properties of (Al2O3 + C) precursor, the reaction model of preparing precursors from various molar ratios

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Balakrishnan, E., M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. "Microwave assisted ignition to achieve combustion synthesis." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 5, no. 3 (2001): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1173912601000128.

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The use of microwave heating to initiate combustion synthesis has been increasingly investigated in recent years because of its advantages over traditional methods. A simple mathematical model is used to model these experiments. The microwave power absorption term is modelled as the product of an Arrhenius reaction term with a function that decays exponentially with distance. The former represents the temperature-dependent absorption of the microwaves whereas the latter describes the penetration of the material by the microwaves. Combustion kinetics are modelled as a first-order Arrhenius reac

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36

Kooti, M., and A. Naghdi Sedeh. "Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/562028.

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A new and simple method was applied for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm. In this microwave-assisted combustion method, glycine as a fuel and zinc nitrate as precursor were used. The final product was obtained very fast with high yield and purity. The synthesized nanoscale ZnO was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The size and morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles have been determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission elect

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37

Yang, Yun, Kun Yang, Zhi-Ming Lin, and Jiang-Tao Li. "Mechanical-activation-assisted combustion synthesis of SiC." Materials Letters 61, no. 3 (2007): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.032.

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38

Li, Rui, Shengyue Gu, Yimin Guo, et al. "Microstructure and Thermal Analysis Kinetics of Y2Hf2O7/Y3Al5O12 Composites Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis." Coatings 15, no. 4 (2025): 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15040470.

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With the development of high-speed and high-temperature equipment, thermal barrier materials are facing increasingly harsh service environments. The addition of YAG to Y2Hf2O7 has been proposed in order to improve its long-term high-temperature performance. In this work, Y2Hf2O7/Y3Al5O12 composite powders were synthesized by combustion synthesis with urea, glycine, EDTA, citric acid, and glucose as fuels, while hafnium tetrachloride, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate, and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were used as raw materials. The effects of fuels on the morphology and phase composition of syntheti

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39

De Luca, Lidia, Andrea Porcheddu, Giampaolo Giacomelli, and Irene Murgia. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of N-Monosubstituted Urea Derivatives." Synlett 2010, no. 16 (2010): 2439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258553.

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Xu, Yan Qin, Sheng Wu Du, Jun Gao, Yuan Cao, Chang Guo Chen, and Xiao Hong Xian. "Flash Synthesis of Tetragonal-ZrO₂ Nanostructures by Microwave-Induced Combustion Process." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.228.

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The synthesis used urea and Zr (NO3)4·5H2O as material to prepare tetragonal-ZrO2 nanocrystals through microwave-induced combustion process. The tetragonal-ZrO2 nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of Zr4+/urea molar ratio on the synthesis of tetragonal-ZrO2 were studied. It was found that tetragonal-ZrO2 crystal would be better when the Zr4+/urea molar ratio was larger than 1:3.The SEM images of the samples showed the hollow structures formed at different levels of molar ratio of Zr4+/urea. This method is a simple but effective route to prepare tetragonal-ZrO

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Lau, Khai Shenn, Zainuriah Hassan, Way Foong Lim, Hock Jin Quah, Naser Mahmoud Ahmed, and Husnen R. Abd. "Synthesis and Characterization of YAG:Ce Phosphor by Microwave Induced Combustion Synthesis with Different Fuel Sources." Solid State Phenomena 301 (March 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.301.69.

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White LEDs (WLEDs) have been produced from the combination of blue LED chips and phosphor converter. In the present work, considerable amount of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) phosphor powders doped with 0.3 mol% of cerium (Ce) have been synthesized via Microwave Induced Combustion Synthesis (MICS) method with different fuel sources such as urea and mixed fuel of urea and glycine. The effects of different fuel sources on the crystallinity, structure, luminescent properties and Commision International de L’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity was characterized and studied using high resolution X-ray di

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de Freitas, Normanda Lino, Elias Fagury-Neto, Hélio Lucena Lira, Lucianna Gama, Ruth Herta Goldsmith Aliaga Kiminami та Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa. "Combustion Synthesis of α-Al₂O₃ Powders". Materials Science Forum 530-531 (листопад 2006): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.631.

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Among ceramic materials, the alumina has high importance because of its characteristics of resistance and refractory. The possibility to improve the final characteristics of this material, open possibilities for new applications. The aim of this work is to synthesize (α-Al2O3) alumina powders by combustion reaction and to evaluate the effect of the urea content in the final characteristics of the α-Al2O3 powders. Three compositions were studied : a) stoichiometric, b) with 10% of urea reduction and c) with 20% of urea reduction. The initial solution composition was based on the total valence o

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Dyartanti, Endah Retno, Tika Paramitha, Hendri Widiyandari, et al. "One-Pot Combustion Synthesis of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery." Materials Science Forum 1111 (December 22, 2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-oi1q1x.

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The synthesis of Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode material is performed using the one-pot synthesis. This system is combined with the solution combustion method to produce ternary metal oxide (TMO). Nitric acid acts as an oxidizer and various amount of urea act as fuel for the combustion process. NCA material has a good hexagonal layer structure and the average particle size obtained was 1.17 µm. The electrochemical analysis showed that NCA cathode material obtained at a ratio NCA-OH: urea = 1: 2 has the highest specific discharge capacities of 118.617 mAh.g-1, with a stability of up to 10 cy

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Zhang, Ying, Ai Chen, Hai Rong Wang, Ze Song Li, and Ying Ping Shen. "Influence of Salt Aid on Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CeO₂ Powders." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.5.

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The present article reports the results of studies related to the synthesis of nanocrystalline ceria powder by combustion process using salt combustion aid. Cerium nitrate as oxidant and urea as fuel were used as reagents, Sodium Chloride was compared as combustion aid. The phase analysis and particle size were compared. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that employment of starting fuel with combustion aid resulted in synthesizing nanocrystalline ceria powder with fine agglomerates. By using

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Zhang, Lujun, Zhaofu Zhang, Congyi Wu, et al. "Microwave assisted synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0303.

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AbstractThe transformation of glycerol into value-added chemicals is an interesting topic in Green Chemistry. The glycerolysis of urea into glycerol carbonate is an important route of glycerol transformation. In this work, the synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea was performed under microwave irradiation and solvent free conditions. The catalytic properties of ZnSO4, ZnCl2, CuSO4 and MgSO4 were tested and ZnSO4 showed the best performance. The effects of catalyst amount, temperature, reaction time, microwave power, molar ratio of urea to glycerol on the reaction were studied

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Jiang, Guojian, Hanrui Zhuang, and Wenlan Li. "Combustion synthesis of tungsten carbides under electric fieldII. Field-activated pressure-assisted combustion synthesis." Ceramics International 30, no. 2 (2004): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(03)00088-9.

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Zhang, Lin, Ye Liu, Xiaowei Chen, et al. "Solution Synthesis of Co-Ni-W-Based ODS Alloy Powder." Materials 12, no. 8 (2019): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081231.

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Low-temperature combustion synthesis was utilized to prepare Co-Ni-W-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy powder. The influence of the U/Co and C/Co ratios on the morphology and specific surface area of the combusted powder was investigated. Particle size, phase constituents, and element distribution of the resulting Co-Ni-W-based ODS alloy powder were characterized. The results indicate that insufficient urea induced no autocombustion reaction, while excess urea and glucose inhibited the combustion reaction. The optimized contents of urea and glucose were around U/Co = 1.2 and C/Co

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Zhang, Cheng, Yi Kun Liao, and Dan Yu Jiang. "Synthesis of Ultrafine GSAG:Ce Phosphor by Solution Combustion." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.386.

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Ultrafine cerium-doped GSAG phosphor powders are prepared by a solution combustion process using glycine and urea as fuel. Single-phase cubic GSAG:Ce crystalline powder is obtained by calcining the as-synthesized amorphous materials at 800oC and no intermediate phase is observed. Transmission electronic microscope morphology shows that the resultant GSAG:Ce powders have uniform size and good homogeneity. The photoluminescence spectra of Ce3+ substituted for Ce3+ in GSAG has been measured on samples calcined at 1000oC.

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Lin, Chun-Nan, and Shyan-Lung Chung. "Combustion synthesis method for synthesis of aluminum nitride powder using aluminum containers (II)." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (2004): 3037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0400.

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A combustion synthesis method was developed for synthesis of AlN powder. Al powder and small amounts of urea were thoroughly mixed and placed in aluminum containers. A layer of AlN powder was placed on the top of the reactant powdersand in between the reactant powders and the container walls. The combustion reaction was ignited by heating the top surface of the powder stack and the aluminum container was converted completely to AlN during combustion reaction. High product yields (∼99.5%) were obtained under N2 pressures of 0.3–0.5 MPa. The product as synthesized is porous and loose and can be

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Golja, Desta R., Francis B. Dejene, Megersa K. Hussen, and Jung Yong Kim. "Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ba1.3Ca0.7SiO4 Semiconductors Using Urea as an Energy Efficient Fuel." Inorganics 11, no. 2 (2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020048.

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The τ-phase Ba1.3Ca0.7SiO4 alkaline earth silicate powders were synthesized using the solution combustion technique. For this purpose, metal nitrate–urea mixtures were used as an oxidant and a fuel. Urea’s main function was to help lower the nominal combustion temperature (~550 °C) of the mixtures through exothermic reactions, leading to a relatively mild post-annealing temperature (~750 °C). If the urea concentration increased, the interconnected silicate particle size decreased with nanoscale crystallite (average, 33 ± 3 nm), affecting optical properties. Finally, the photoluminescence spect

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