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Journal articles on the topic "Urea biosensor"

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Chou, Jung-Chuan, Cian-Yi Wu, Si-Hong Lin, Po-Yu Kuo, Chih-Hsien Lai, Yu-Hsun Nien, You-Xiang Wu, and Tsu-Yang Lai. "The Analysis of the Urea Biosensors Using Different Sensing Matrices via Wireless Measurement System & Microfluidic Measurement System." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133004.

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Two types of urea biosensors were integrated with a wireless measurement system and microfluidic measurement system. The two biosensors used were (i) a magnetic beads (MBs)-urease/graphene oxide (GO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based biosensor and (ii) an MBs-urease/GO/ nickel oxide (NiO)-based biosensor, respectively. The wireless measurement system work exhibited the feasibility for the remote detection of urea, but it will require refinement and modification to improve stability and precision. The microchannel fluidic system showed the measurement reliability. The sensing properties of urea biosensors at different flow rates were investigated. From the measurement results, the decay of average sensitivity may be attributed to the induced vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) at the high flow rate. In the aspect of wireless monitoring, the average sensitivity of the urea biosensor based on MBs-urease/GO/NiO was 4.780 mV/(mg/dl) and with the linearity of 0.938. In the aspect of measurement under dynamic conditions, the average sensitivity of the urea biosensor based on MBs-urease/GO/NiO were 5.582 mV/(mg/dl) and with the linearity of 0.959. Both measurements performed NiO was better than TiO2 according to the comparisons.
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Zusfahair, Zusfahair, Dian Riana Ningsih, Elok Dwi Putri Lestari, and Amin Fatoni. "Development of Urea Biosensor Based on Immobilized Urease in Chitosan Cryogel." Molekul 14, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2019.14.1.523.

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The development of biosensors using biological components has an important role in detecting the disease early because it has good selectivity and accuracy. In this study, a biosensor which made is a urea biosensor, based on immobilization urease in chitosan using adsorption techniques, to measure urea levels by colorimetric analysis with bromothymol blue (BTB) as an indicator. The purpose of this study was to find out how to measure urea levels using biosensors based on urease immobilization in chitosan and find out the biosensor performance including optimum enzymatic reaction time, linearity, the limit of detection, repetition, and determination of disrupting compounds. The study began with the making of an immobilization supporting matrix using chitosan which was made in the form of cryogel through an ionic gelation process which adsorbs the urease enzyme. Cryogel urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into NH4+ and CO2-. The reaction product was added with the BTB indicator, and the color change formed was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the performance of urea biosensors was good enough for urea level detection systems by producing enzymatic reaction times at 15 minutes, linearity at 0.9951, detection limit at 0.018 mM, not affected by the addition of 0.05 mM ascorbic acid and 0.4 mM uric acid. This urea biosensor can be used up to 5 repetitions.
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Kuo, Po-Yu, and Zhe-Xin Dong. "A New Calibration Circuit Design to Reduce Drift Effect of RuO2 Urea Biosensors." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 4558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204558.

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The goal of this study was to reduce the drift effect of RuO2 urea biosensors. A new calibration circuit (NCC) based on the voltage regulation technique with the advantage of having a simple structure was presented. To keep its simplicity, the proposed NCC was composed of a non-inverting amplifier and a voltage calibrating circuit. A ruthenium oxide (RuO2) urea biosensor was fabricated to test the calibrating characteristics of the drift rate of the proposed NCC. The experiment performed in this study was divided into two main stages. For the first stage, a sound RuO2 urea biosensor testing environment was set-up. The RuO2 urea sensing film was immersed in the urea solution for 12 h and the response voltage was measured using the voltage-time (V–T) measurement system and the proposed NCC. The results of the first stage showed that the RuO2 urea biosensor has an average sensitivity of 1.860 mV/(mg/dL) and has a linearity of 0.999 which means that the RuO2 urea biosensor had been well fabricated. The second stage of the experiment verified the proposed NCC’s functions, and the results indicated that the proposed NCC reduced the drift rate of RuO2 urea biosensor to 0.02 mV/hr (98.77% reduction).
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Kim, Jee Young, Gun Yong Sung, and Min Park. "Efficient Portable Urea Biosensor Based on Urease Immobilized Membrane for Monitoring of Physiological Fluids." Biomedicines 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120596.

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Numerous studies have addressed the utilization of glutaraldehyde (GA) as a homobifunctional cross-linker. However, its applicability has been impeded due to several issues, including the tendency of GA molecules to undergo polymerization. Herein, a portable urea biosensor was developed for the real-time monitoring of the flow of physiological fluids; this was achieved by using disuccinimidyl cross-linker-based urease immobilization. Urease was immobilized on a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid support using different disuccinimidyl cross-linkers, namely disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and bis-N-succinimidyl-(pentaethylene glycol) ester (BS(PEG)5). A urease activity test revealed that DSS exhibited the highest urease immobilizing efficiency, whereas FT-IR analysis confirmed that urease was immobilized on the PTFE membrane via DSS cross-linking. The membrane was inserted in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluidic chamber that generated an electrochemical signal in the presence of a flowing fluid containing urea. Urea samples were allowed to flow into the urea biosensor (1.0 mL/min) and the signal was measured using chronoamperometry. The sensitivity of the DSS urea biosensor was the highest of all the trialed biosensors and was found to be superior to the more commonly used GA cross-linker. To simulate real-time monitoring in a human patient, flowing urea-spiked human serum was measured and the effective urease immobilization of the DSS urea biosensor was confirmed. The repeatability and interference of the urea biosensor were suitable for monitoring urea concentrations typically found in human patients.
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Alegret, S., J. Bartrolí, C. Jiménez, E. Martínez-Fàbregas, D. Martorell, and F. Valdés-Perezgasga. "ISFET-based urea biosensor." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 16, no. 1-3 (October 1993): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)85227-2.

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Razumiene, Julija, Vidute Gureviciene, Ieva Sakinyte, Laurynas Rimsevicius, and Valdas Laurinavicius. "The Synergy of Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide in Amperometric Urea Biosensor: Application for Medical Technologies." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164496.

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Thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) is a graphene-based nanomaterial that has been identified as promising for the development of amperometric biosensors. Urease, in combination with TRGO, allowed us to create a mediator-free amperometric biosensor with the intention of precise detection of urea in clinical trials. Beyond simplicity of the technology, the biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (2.3 ± 0.1 µA cm−2 mM−1), great operational and storage stabilities (up to seven months), and appropriate reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) about 2%). The analytical recovery of the TRGO-based biosensor in urine of 101 ÷ 104% with RSD of 1.2 ÷ 1.7% and in blood of 92.7 ÷ 96.4%, RSD of 1.0 ÷ 2.5%, confirmed that the biosensor is acceptable and reliable. These properties allowed us to apply the biosensor in the monitoring of urea levels in samples of urine, blood, and spent dialysate collected during hemodialysis. Accuracy of the biosensor was validated by good correlation (R = 0.9898 and R = 0.9982) for dialysate and blood, utilizing approved methods. The advantages of the proposed biosensing technology could benefit the development of point-of-care and non-invasive medical instruments.
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Mulyasuryani, Ani, Anna Roosdiana, and Arie Srihardyastutie. "THE POTENTIOMETRIC UREA BIOSENSOR USING CHITOSAN MEMBRANE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 2 (July 21, 2010): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21454.

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Potentiometric urea biosensor development is based on urea hydrolysis by urease resulted CO2. The biosensor is used chitosan membrane and the H3O+ electrode as a transducer. The research was studied of effecting pH and membrane thickness to the biosensor performance. The best biosensor performance resulted at pH = 7.3 and 0.2 mm of membrane thickness. The biosensor has a Nerntian factor 28.47 mV/decade; the concentration range is 0.1 up to 6.00 ppm; and the limit of detection is 0.073 ppm. The response time of this biosensor is 280 seconds, efficiency 32 samples and accuracy 94% up to 99%. Keywords: biosensor, potentiometry, urea, chitosan membrane
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Colasanti, G., G. Arrigo, A. Santoro, S. Mandolfo, C. Tetta, R. Bucci, M. Spongano, E. Imbasciati, V. Rizza, and D. Cianciavicchia. "Biochemical Aspects and Clinical Perspectives of Continuous Urea Monitoring in Plasma Ultrafiltrate: Preliminary Results of a Multicenter Study." International Journal of Artificial Organs 18, no. 9 (September 1995): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889501800912.

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We tested a new biosensor for urea monitoring in the ultrafiltrate during PFD in a group of 5 hemodialyzed stable patients. The inspection of the UF-urea profile reflects the dynamical changes of the plasma urea concentration during diffusive dialysis and allows the fitting of the main mathematical models of urea kinetics. The biosensor efficiency was 98.4% on average (SD: 1.5%) at Uf fluxes varying from 45 to 55 ml/min (mean: 51 ml/min; SD: 3.2) and at Uf-urea concentrations varying from 23 to 165 mg/dl. The mean difference between Uf-urea determined by the laboratory method and Uf-urea assayed by the biosensor was -1.07 mg/dl and the 95% confidence interval ranged from -2.01 to 0.13 mg/dl. The mean difference between laboratory plasma urea and Uf-urea from the biosensor was on average -1.9 mg/dl and the estimated limits of agreement with a confidence of 95% were -3.16 and 0.64 mg/dl. Comparison between kinetic models and experimental profiles of plasma urea decrease, evaluations of recirculation and post-dialytic rebound, the role of Kt/V on-line during dialysis were the preliminary clinical applications of this biosensor.
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Kurniawan, Sendy, Dian Nur Fajariati, Helmi Auliyah Istiqomah, Oki Mandalia Antasari, and Ani Mulyasuryani. "PENENTUAN UREA DALAM SERUM DARAH DENGAN BIOSENSOR KONDUKTOMETRI Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) – NATA DE COCO." Molekul 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2015.10.2.10.

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Urea merupakan hasil samping degradasi protein pada serum normal berkisar 10,7 sampai 42,8 mg/dL. Biosensor konduktometri untuk penentuan urea dalam serum darah didasarkan pada reaksi hidrolisis urea oleh urease menghasilkan amonia (NH3) dan karbon dioksida (CO2) yang terionisasi dalam air. Pada penelitian ini, kondisi optimum dari massa urease, ketebalan membran nata de coco, dan pH larutan urea dipelajari untuk menentukan kinerja biosensor ketika biosensor diaplikasikan untuk sampel serum darah. Biosensor ini dibuat dari SPCE (Screen Printed Carbon Electrode) yang dilapisi nata de coco teramobil urease. Pengamatan kinerja biosensor dilakukan pada pH (6; 7; 8; 9), massa urease (0,1; 0,5 ; 1,0; dan 1,5 µg), dan ketebalan membran (5; 10; 15 µm) pada kisaran konsentrasi urea yang 0 hingga 5 ppm dalam buffer fosfat 0,01 M pH 8 dan luas SPCE 5 mm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja optimum dihasilkan pada massa enzim 1 µg; ketebalan membran 5 µm; dan pH larutan 8, dengan kepekaan 14,8 µS/ppm, batas deteksi 0,035 ppm, dan kisaran konsentrasi urea 0,035 ppm hingga 0,4 ppm. Biosensor ini memiliki akurasi 73 – 87% saat diaplikasikan dalam sampel serum darah.
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Pijanowska, Dorota G., and Władysław Torbicz. "pH-ISFET based urea biosensor." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 44, no. 1-3 (October 1997): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(97)00194-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urea biosensor"

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Gupta, Vandana. "Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of an Impedimetric Urea Biosensor System." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/890.

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An impedance bioanalyzer system comprising an in-vitro biotransducer, instrumentation and control software for the measurement of urea, potentially in blood dialysate, has been developed. The biotransducer comprises of a microlithographically fabricated interdigitated microsensor electrode (IME) onto which was cast a biorecognition layer conferred with the specificity of the enzyme urease. Urease hydrolysis of urea produces NH4+, HC03- and OH- ions that decrease the device's impedance. The temporal rate of change (kinetic) and the extent of change (equilibrium) of ion concentration were measured as the sensor's response. Five formats: [i) unPEGylated urease-containing poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) [p(HEMA)] hydrogel, ii) PEGylated urease-containing p(HEMA) hydrogel, iii) via glutaraldehyde crosslinking in the presence of albumin, iv) the direct covalent immobilization of urease to the IME, and v) solution borne urease]. Michaelis-Menten parameters KM, ZMAX and kcat revealed the following rank: PEGylated urease-Gel >> Free Urease > unPEGylated urease-Gel = BSA in Glutaraldehyde > covalently immobilized urease. The unPEGylated-urease sensor provided a higher enzyrne- substrate binding rate and catalysis rate than PEGylated and thus provided a faster impedimetric response to various molar concentrations of urea. Long-term stability (one month) of the PEGylated-urease hydrogel was favorable. A dedicated three-element array impedimetric instrument, the 3EIC BioAnalyzer was designed and produced. A pair of demodulating logarithmic amplifiers (AD8302) was used to calculate the change in phase and amplitude corresponding to the impedimetric response to a 4.0 kHz, 50 mVPP sine wave from a function generator (MAX038). A graphic user interface (GUI), programmed in LabVIEW 7.0 established instrument control, data acquisition via a USB-48A-30A16 μDAQ and graphical data presentation of temporal impedimetric responses.
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Silva, Guilherme de Oliveira. "Biossensor de ureia utilizando dispositivo pH-EGFET." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-19112013-115103/.

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Sensores são dispositivos capazes de captar um determinado sinal físico -químico do meio e converte-lo num sinal elétrico mensurável por meio de um transdutor. Biossensor é um sensor que tem como parte funcional um receptor biológico específico a determinado analito alvo. Os sinais físico-químicos experimentados por estes dispositivos são convertidos em sinais elétricos de magnitude proporcional à concentração de um ou mais compostos químicos. Neste trabalho, foi construído um sensor de pH utilizando filmes finos comerciais de óxido de estanho dopado com flúor (FTO) como receptor a íons. O sensor foi feito ligando-se amostras de FTO ao terminal de porta de um transistor de efeito de campo do tipo MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Quando colocado em solução, os íons presentes interagem com a amostra sendo adsorvidos na superfície do filme de FTO. O potencial gerado pelos íons adsorvidos modulam a tensão na porta do transistor e, desta maneira, pode -se determinar a concentração dos íons presentes na solução de acordo com a magnitude da resposta do transistor. A este tipo de dispositivo dá -se o nome de EGFET (Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor). O EGFET construído apresentou responsividade de 55 mV/pH e resposta linear em soluções de pH 2 ao 12. Através de técnicas de imobilização enzimática foi possível ligar covalentemente proteínas urease sobre a superfície dos filmes de FTO, convertendo o sensor de pH em biossensor de ureia. Soluções tampão com diferentes pHs e concentrações foram testadas e determinou -se que as condições ideais para o uso deste biossensor de ureia são soluções tampão com pH = 6 e concentração de 10mM. Nessas condições, o biossensor apresentou uma responsividade de 114,5 mV/p(ureia) e linearidade no intervalo de concentrações de ureia entre 3,2.10 -4 e 3,2.10 -2 mol/L.
Sensors are devices capable of capturing a certain physical-chemical signal from environment and convert it into a measurable electrical signal by a transducer. Biosensor is a sensor which has a biological sensing element as receptor specific to a particular target analyte. The physical-chemical signals experienced by these devices are converted into electrical signals with magnitude proportional to the concentration of one or more chemical compounds. In this work, we built a pH-sensor using commercial thin films of tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO) as ions receptor. The sensor was made by linking FTO samples to the gate of a field effect transistor MOS type. In solution, the ions interact with the sample being adsorbed on the surface of FTO film. The potential generated by the ions adsorbed on film\'s surface modulate the gate voltage of the transistor and, in this way, we can determine the concentration of ions present in solution correlated with the magnitude of the transistor response. This kind of device is given the name of EGFET (Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor). The EGFET built exhibits sensitivity of 55 mV/pH and linear response in the range of pH 2 to 12. Through enzyme immobilization techniques we could covalently bind urease proteins on the surface of FTO film, changing the pH-sensor in urea biosensor. Buffer solutions with differents pHs and concentrations were tested and was determined that optimal environment conditions for this urea biosensor is buffer solutions with pH = 6 and 10mM of concentration. Under these conditions, the biosensor showed sensitivity of 114.5 mV/p(urea) and linear response in the range of 3,2.10 -4 to 3,2.10 -2 mol/L
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Fernandes, Jessica Colnaghi. "Biossensores de pH, ureia e glicose utilizando a microeletrônica de filmes finos de AZO e TIO2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-09032016-154506/.

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Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de biossensores de pH, ureia e glicose, utilizando óxidos como plataforma para a parte seletiva. Os filmes finos de óxidos condutores foram produzidos por diferentes técnicas de deposição, como spin-coat, dip-coat, spray-pyrolysis e casting. Os materiais fabricados foram AZO e TiO2, ambos depositados sobre substratos de FTO, ITO ou vidro hidroflilizado. O número de camadas foi variado para cada técnica e as caracterizações morfológicas e estruturais foram feitas por MEV, DRX e FTIR. As caracterizações elétricas foram feitas por EGFET e voltametria cíclica. Os filmes foram testados como sensores de pHs na faixa de 2 a 8. O filme depositado com AZO em substrato de FTO pela técnica de spray-pyrolysis apresentou melhor resposta, com sensibilidade de 31,7 mV/pH entre toda a faixa de pHs do 2 ao 8. Já para os filmes de TiO2, o filme produzido por dip-coat com 5 camadas em substrato de FTO apresentou sensibilidade de 37,8 mV/pH entre a faixa de pHs de 2 a 8. Paralelamente, os filmes tiveram suas superfícies funcionalizadas com proteínas como urease ou glicose oxidase. Neste caso, os dispositivos foram testados entre as concentrações de 5 a 200 mg/dL de ureia e glicose. Como biossensor de ureia, o filme de TiO2 depositado por spin-coat com 5 camadas em substrato de FTO apresentou a maior sensibilidade, com valor 3,32 mV/(mg/dL) entre as concentrações de 5 a 120 mg/dL. Para os filmes estudados como biossensores de glicose, o melhor resultado também foi obtido pelo filme de TiO2 depositado por spin-coat com 5 camadas em substrato de FTO, apresentando sensibilidade em torno de 6,18 mV/(mg/dL) entre as concentrações de 5 a 200 mg/dL. Alguns resultados encontrados foram iguais ou melhores aos encontrados na literatura vigente, mesmo que os dispositivos ainda são passíveis de otimização.
This study presents the development of pH, urea and glucose biosensors, by the use of oxides as the base of the sensing membrane. Conducting oxide thin films were prepared by different deposition techniques, such as spin-coat, dip-coat, spray-pyrolysis, and casting. AZO and TiO2 were produced and coated onto FTO, ITO and glass substrates. The number of layers were changed for each deposition technique, and the surface characterizations were made by SEM, XRD and FTIR, while the electrical characterizations were performed with an EGFET device and cyclic voltammetry. The samples were used as pH sensors in the pH range from 2 to 8. The AZO thin film onto FTO substrate deposited by spray-pyrolysis deposition technique presented sensitivity as 31.7 mV/pH for the total pH range from 2 to 8. TiO2 thin films, produced by dip-coat deposition technique with 5 layers onto FTO substrate presented 37.8 mV/pH as sensitivity, for the same pH range. All the films have their surfaces immobilized with proteins as urease or glucose oxidase. In this case, the samples were performed in different concentrations of urea or glucose, respectively, from 5 to 200 mg/dL, for both. Urea biosensors presented good results for measurements performed with the same sample as well as performed with individuals samples, for all the concentrations range. Spin-coated TiO2 thin films with 5 layers onto FTO substrates presented 3.32 mV/(mg/dL) as sensitivity from 5 to 120 mg/dL urea concentrations, while for glucose biosensors presented 6.18 mV/(mg/dL) for the same film between the glucose concentration range from 5 to 20 mg/dL. Some results were equal or better than the results in current literature, even the films are still capable of optimization.
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Shaw, Shannon Joanne. "The development of polypyrrole-based biosensors /." View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030901.111607/index.html.

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Xie, Wenbing. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de couplages chimico-mécaniques dans des systèmes associant une structure polyélectrolytique à une réaction enzymatique." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES034.

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Modélisation théorique de la variation de pression de gonflement d'un gel de polyacide faiblement dissocié dans le cas d'une variation du pH ou de la force ionique, d'une réaction enzymatique produisant une base forte dans la solution externe ou dans le gel même. Etude expérimentale des variations de pression de gonflement de gels de polyacrylamide partiellement hydrolysé ou de gélatine lors de l'hydrolyse de l'urée par l'uréase. Discussion de l'application de ces systèmes au domaine des biocapteurs
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Rover, Junior Laercio. ""Construção e avaliação de biossensor potenciometrico para determinação de ureia, com eletrodo ion-seletivo a amonio, usando canavalia brasiliensis como fonte enzimatica"." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250387.

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Orientador: Graciliano de Oliveira Neto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Lai, Chien-Hung, and 賴建宏. "Development of Urea Biosensor." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74893046446786156467.

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碩士
淡江大學
化學學系碩士班
95
The copper(I) oxide based urea biosensor was fabricated in this experiment, and it possessed reduced overvoltage for ammonia determination. The enzyme Urease (EC 3.5.1.5) was drop-coated on the up-stream of dual electrode and subsequently the NH3 was determination through copper(I) oxide modified down-stream electrode. The preparation of this biosensor was as follows, carbon ink and 20% copper(I) oxide had been well mixed and drop-coated on the downsteam electrode ; the urease (0.5 unit) was dropped on the upstream and dried secondly;the 1% 0.5 μl bovine serum albumin drop-coated on the upstream and dried; the 1% 0.5 μl glutaraldehyde dropped on the upstream and dried finally. The optimized conditions in the 0.05M pH 9 carbonate buffer ; applied potential was 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) ; flow rate was 0.5 ml/min; sample loop was 50 μl. The analytical performances of biosensor equipped with linear range upto 10 mM(R=0.99) and sensitivity is 85.736 nA/mM, detection limit (S/N=3) was 85 μM, and precision is 1.8% by twenty successive measurement. In order to eliminate interference, PbO2 was used to pre-oxidize those easily oxidative compounds, such as ,dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine , acetaminophen ,uric acid, ascorbic acid. Compared with standard method (sigma640), the correlation coefficient was 0.995.
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Wu, Hao-Yu, and 吳皓羽. "Develop urea biosensor based on an ammonium electrode." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60809417830706171256.

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碩士
中華醫事科技大學
生物醫學研究所
102
Ammonia (NH3) is a compound that exists ubiquitously in the atmosphere and natural water and is the compound having the simplest chemical structure among the nitrogen-containing species. In the case of pH value below 8, as ammonia dissolves in water, it reacts with water molecules to form ammonium ions (NH4+) mostly. When there is too much ammonia dissolved in water, the water becomes eutrophic, leading to the aquatic ecological imbalance. In the human body, the normal urea concentration in the plasma is 18-36 mg/dl whereas in the clinical practice urea is most often measured in term of the amount of nitrogen, namely the urea nitrogen. The concentration of urea nitrogen of 1 mg/dl is equivalent to a concentration of urea of 2.14 mg/dl. Urea nitrogen varies according to the human body condition and reflects on the variation of urea concentration. Therefore, measuring the concentration of urea in blood can be a meaningful method to monitor the body condition in the clinical practice. For the demand of detecting the ammonium ions of the ammoniacal nitrogen in the environment and of the urea nitrogen in the human body, if the lowest detection limit of the electrode described in this research publication can be fully developed, further lower concentrations of urea in the environment or human blood and urine can be measured more accurately. In this publication, the extended ITO/PET ion-sensitive field-effect transistors are used to produce the durable ammonium ion-selective electrodes for investigating the impact to the overall reaction affected by each parameter. According to the results of several experiments, the concentration of ammonium ion in the range between 10-5 ~ 1M is detectable with a linear range of about 0.99 and the average sensibility is 55.09 mV / pNH4+. As for the buffer solution, PB and Tris buffer solutions are used for measurement whereas the use of Tris buffer can stabilize the measuring results. While researching the references, some references indicate that the sensitivity can be better by adding EDTA in the buffer solution. Therefore, experiments with EDTA added and without EDTA added in the buffer solutions were both conducted. However, the results show that the experiments without adding EDTA have better sensitivities to the reactions. Since then, the experiments proceeded without EDTA. In order to demonstrate the value of this sensor whose lowest detection limit is lower than that of a traditional urea sensor, experiments thus have been conducted with the interval expansion of urea concentration (1mg/dl ~ 8mg/dl). The expansion result shows that this electrode is more sensitive than a regular sensor in reacting to lower urea concentrations, and the detection limit of this electrode is also lower. For monitoring the human body condition, to apply this dilution method to dilute the urea or blood from a normal body to the most suitable concentration level for measurement will bring the most sensitive and reliable reaction result in the future. Nothing is more serious than the water pollution in the detection of the environmental hazards. Therefore, this sensor is even more valuable when it comes to the monitoring of the water bodies. Since the urea produced by the ammonium ions in the water bodies is found in trace quantities, the lower the detection limit of the sensor is, the more sensitive and reliable result the sensor can produce while monitoring the extreme low concentration of urea produced by the ammonium ions. Therefore, this sensor can be used to monitor natural water bodies and environments. This sensor has a detection limit lower than that of a regular sensor and is of better sensitivity. This sensor can more quickly detect the low concentrations of urea exists in the environment in the future and can monitor the blood and urine in human bodies. If this electrode can be fully developed in the future, it can bring significant contribution to the environmental protection and human body wellness. Keywords: Ammonia, Ammonium biosensor, Ammonium ion-selective electrode
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Huang, Shi-Wei, and 黃士維. "Urea biosensor based on self-assembled technology on ITO." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82061504542456191265.

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Abstract:
碩士
逢甲大學
化學工程學系
101
In this study, ITO glass as a substrate and using constant potential method on ITO glass coated with ZnO film to increase its electrical conductivity. after that, we use self-assembled technology at the 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) coated on the ZnO film and use the covalent bonding method that to form amide bond between urease and amino group on the sensor electrode. Pt-C catalyst was added to enhance potential signal. The enzyme electrode to be detect in electrochemical sensing system. Looking for the best preparation conditions for the enzyme electrode. Finally, the performances of the enzyme electrodes made from different temperature and different pH were examined and compared.   According to the experimental results, urease concentration of 80 mg/ml makes the best enzyme electrode. At T = 50℃, pH = 7 environment, with the best sensitivity 43.600 mV / decade. After two weeks the enzyme activity of the biosensor still 75%.
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Wang, Yen-Sheng, and 王彥盛. "Study and fabrication urea biosensor using the enzyme immobilization." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94399411427627613340.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電子與資訊工程研究所碩士班
91
In this thesis, the principle of the MOSFET was be used for the ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). The gate metal of the MOSFET was substituted for the insulator over the SiO2 , which must be sensitive for the H+ and OH- in the buffer solution. Reference electrode was used to supply the reference potential for the buffer solution. The threshold voltage (VT) of the ISFET will shift in the various pH buffer solutions. Hence, the pH value of the solution can be detected by the ISFET. Then we use gel entrapment to coating enzyme on sensing membrane as enzyme membrane, which by the enzyme immobilizing technology. The enzyme membrane can detect certain of the substance for the biochemical reaction(redox reaction), use the ion sensitive field effect transistor to detect pH value of redox reaction which make the enzyme sensitive field effect transistor(EnFET). In this thesis, we make a study of the gel entrapment to modify the urease on the ionic sensing membrane as the urea sensor.
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Books on the topic "Urea biosensor"

1

Ritchie, Mark. Biosensors for urea and aspartame. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urea biosensor"

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Chirizzi, Daniela, and Cosimino Malitesta. "A New Potentiometric Urea Biosensor Based on Urease Immobilized in Electrosyntesised Poly(O-Phenylenediamine)." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 335–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1324-6_52.

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Gambhir, A., A. Kumar, B. D. Malhotra, B. Miksa, and S. Slomkowski. "Enhanced Loading and Stability of Urease Covalently Attached to Polypyrrole Microspheres for Application to Urea Biosensor." In New Horizons in Biotechnology, 153–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0203-4_14.

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Tikhonenko, Sergey A., Alexey V. Dubrovskii, Aleksandr L. Kim, and Egor V. Musin. "The New Class of Diagnostic Systems Based on Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules for Urea Detection." In Macro, Micro, and Nano-Biosensors, 225–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55490-3_13.

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Gupta, Bhavana, Shakti Singh, Swati Mohan, and Rajiv Prakash. "Urea Biosensor Based on Conducting Polymer Transducers." In Biosensors. InTech, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/7205.

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Medeiros, Andrea, Lvia Maria, and Maria Alice Zarur Coelho. "Development of Potentiometric Urea Biosensor based on Canavalia ensiformis Urease." In Biosensors - Emerging Materials and Applications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/20163.

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Branzoi, Florina, and Viorel Branzoi. "Amperometric Urea Biosensor Based Metallic Substrate Modified with a Nancomposite Film." In State of the Art in Biosensors - Environmental and Medical Applications. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52440.

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Müller, C., T. Scheper, and F. Schubert. "A Three Channel Fiber Optic Biosensor for the Simultaneous Analysis of pH, Urea and Penicillin G." In Biosensors '94, 128. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-242-4.50102-6.

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de Gràcia, J., D. Martorell, M. Poch, and S. Alegret. "Use of Mathematical Models to Desribe Dynamic Behaviour of Potentiometric Biosensors: Comparison of Deterministic and Empirical Approaches to an Urea Biosensor Flow-Through/Biosensor." In Biosensors '94, 239. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-242-4.50197-x.

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Blidaru, Ecaterina, and Vasile Magearu. "Polymer-modified RuO2 Electrode: Studies Towards a Disposable Urea Sensor." In Biosensors '94, 229. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-242-4.50187-7.

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Bertocchi, P., D. Compagnone, and G. Palleschi. "Amperometric Determination of Ammonium and Urea with Enzyme Based Probes." In Biosensors '94, 57. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-242-4.50045-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urea biosensor"

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Soni, Anuradha, and Sandeep K. Jha. "Saliva based noninvasive optical urea biosensor." In 2017 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2017.8234302.

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Jamil, Nur Akmar, Nurkhairul Bariyah Khairulazdan, P. Susthitha Menon, Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain, Azrul Azlan Hamzah, and Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. "Graphene-MoS2 SPR-based biosensor for urea detection." In 2018 International Symposium on Electronics and Smart Devices (ISESD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isesd.2018.8605491.

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Said, Fairus Atida, P. Susthitha Menon, Mohd Nuriman Nawi, Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain, Azman Jalar, and Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. "Copper-graphene SPR-based biosensor for urea detection." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics (ICSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smelec.2016.7573642.

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Jamil, Nur Akmar Binti, P. Susthitha Menon, Gan Siew Mei, Sahbudin Shaari, and Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. "Urea biosensor utilizing graphene-MoS2 and Kretschmann-based SPR." In TENCON 2017 - 2017 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2017.8228183.

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Chang, Chih-Tien, Kow-Ming Chang, and Kun-Mou Chan. "Design of urea biosensor with reference systems for readout electronics." In 2009 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdrs.2009.5378064.

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Jamil, Nur Akmar, P. Susthitha Menon, Fairus Atida Said, Kalaivani A. Tarumaraja, Gan Siew Mei, and Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. "Graphene-based surface plasmon resonance urea biosensor using Kretschmann configuration." In 2017 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsm.2017.8069122.

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Fatoni, Amin, Zusfahair, Siti Nurfiah, Mekar Dwi Anggraeni, and Abdullah Nur Aziz. "Urea biosensor development using immobilized urease and light dependent resistor." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5097490.

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Chung-Yuan Chen, Hsiu-Li Shieh, and Tai-Ping Sun. "Portable urea biosensor based on the extended base bipolar junction transistor." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690778.

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Wang, I.-Shun, Chia-Ming Yang, Yi-Ting Lin, Chi-Hsien Huang, Chao-Sung Lai, Cheng-En Lue, Tseng-Fu Lu, and Dorota G. Pijanswska. "1.2.1 Urea Biosensor Using NH3 Nitrided Amine Groups on Flexible Substrate." In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/1.2.1.

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Situmorang, Manihar, Primsa Kaban, Rhica Ayulinova, and Wesly Hutabarat. "The Development of Sensitive and Selective Potentiometric Biosensor for Urea Assay." In Proceedings of The 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education, AISTSSE 2018, 18-19 October 2018, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-10-2018.2287315.

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