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Journal articles on the topic 'Urea in soils'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Suter, H. C., P. Pengthamkeerati, C. Walker, and D. Chen. "Influence of temperature and soil type on inhibition of urea hydrolysis by N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide in wheat and pasture soils in south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 49, no. 4 (2011): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10243.

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Incubation experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) for inhibiting hydrolysis of urea in three wheat-growing soils and one pasture soil in south-eastern Australia, under a range of temperatures (5, 15, 25°C). The effectiveness of NBPT decreased with increasing temperature and with increasing urease activity. In the acidic pasture soil with high urease activity (186 μg N/g soil.h) and high organic carbon content (11%), NBPT (0.1% w/w urea) had little impact on urea hydrolysis rates over all temperatures, with <1% urea remaining at D

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2

Ali, Maru, Ahmed Osumanu Haruna, Nik Muhamad Abd Majid, et al. "Using Soil Water to Control Ammonia Emission from Acid Soils with and Without Chicken Litter Biochar." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 3 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n3p23.

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Although urea use in agriculture is on the increase, increase in pH at soil microsite due to urea hydrolysis which causes ammonia emission can reduce N use efficiency. Among the interventions used to mitigate ammonia loss include urease inhibitors, clinoptilolite zeolite, coated urea, and biochar but with little attention to the use of soil water levels to control ammonia volatilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil water levels on ammonia volatilization from soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Dry soils with and without chicken litter biochar wer

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3

Motasim, Ahmmed Md, Abd Wahid Samsuri, Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor, and Amin Mohd Adibah. "Nitrogen Dynamics in Tropical Soils Treated with Liquid and Granular Urea Fertilizers." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (2021): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060546.

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The mineralization of urea fertilizer mostly regulates the nitrogen dynamics in the soil. A laboratory-scale study was conducted to compare the nitrogen dynamics in two tropical soil series incubated with either liquid urea (LU) or granular urea (GU) at 0, 300, 400 or 500 mg/kg of soil. The soils samples used in the experiment were the Bungor and Selangor soil series which have a sandy clay loam and clay texture, respectively. The NH4+-N, NO3−-N concentration in the soils were measured for four weeks to determine the urea-N mineralization while ten pore volumes of water were used for the NH4+-

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4

Singh, Balwinder, and M. S. Bajwa. "Studies on the leaching of urea in sodic soils." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 2 (1986): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063917.

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SUMMARYLaboratory experiments were conducted in PVC columns to study the leaching and transformation of applied urea in sodic soils (Gharachon loam-Aquic Natrustalf and Domeli silty clay loam-Aquic Camborthid) reclaimed by gypsum application and kept submerged for 7 or 14 days after fertilizer application. The effect of different depths of irrigation water (5, 7·5, 10, 20 and 30 cm) on urea leaching was studied in a sandy loam sodic soil. In another experiment, the effect of time interval (0 or 4 days) between urea application and initiation of submergence with distilled water (for 7 or 14 day

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5

Olaleye, Abimfoluwa, Derek Peak, Akeem Shorunke, et al. "Effect of Manure and Urea Fertilization on Yield, Carbon Speciation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Vegetable Production Systems of Nigeria and Republic of Benin: A Phytotron Study." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030400.

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Fertility management techniques being promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) seek to grow indigenous vegetables economically and sustainably. This study was conducted in a phytotron chamber and compared yield, soil carbon (C) speciation and greenhouse gas (nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) emissions from SSA soils of two ecoregions; the dry savanna (lna, Republic of Benin) and rainforest (Ife, Nigeria) cultivated with local amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) under manure (5 t/ha) and/or urea (80 kg N/ha) fertilization. Vegetable yield ranged from 4331 kg/ha to 7900 kg/ha in the rainfores

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6

Wali, Pardeep, Vinod Kumar, and J. P. Singh. "Effect of soil type, exchangeable sodium percentage, water content, and organic amendments on urea hydrolysis in some tropical Indian soils." Soil Research 41, no. 6 (2003): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01090.

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Urea has emerged as one of the most extensively used sources of nitrogen fertiliser in recent years because of its low cost per unit nitrogen. Urea hydrolysis in soils is an enzymatic decomposition process by the enzyme urease. The effects of soil type, exchangeable sodium percentage, moisture regime, and organic manures and their levels on the kinetics of urea hydrolysis were studied in a series of laboratory incubation experiments at 25 ± 1�C. Urea transformation followed first-order kinetics, and the first-order rate constants for soils varied from 0.0321 to 0.1182/h. The rate of urea hydro

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7

Shetty, Premalatha, Chaithra Acharya, and Nalavi Veeresh. "Effect of Urea Fertilizer on the Biochemical Characteristics of Soil." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 4 (2019): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i4.26778.

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Urea-potash mixture was added to the manured soil at three different concentrations equivalent to 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4g f urea per 10Kg of soil. Nitrate and nitrite N concentration in the soil increased within 24h after addition of urea. The nitrate N content in soil without urea was 17 µg and in urea fertilized soils, it ranged from 39.9-47 µg/g of soil after 19h. . Increase in total mineralizable N was around 67- 160% in urea fertilized soils in comparison to the control. Percent conversion of urea to nitrate and nitrite N decreased at higher concentrations of the fertilizer. Addition of biochar

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8

Motasim, Ahmmed Md, Abd Wahid Samsuri, Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor, and Amin Mohd Adibah. "Gaseous Nitrogen Losses from Tropical Soils with Liquid or Granular Urea Fertilizer Application." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063128.

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Gaseous loss of N leads to lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of applied urea and N content of the soil. This laboratory study was conducted to compare the nitrogen losses from two tropical soil series (Bungor sandy clay loam and Selangor clay) incubated with either liquid urea (LU) or granular urea (GU) at 0, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg of soil for thirty days. The NH3 volatilization, N2O emission, and N content in the soils were measured throughout the incubation period. For the same application rate, the total NH3 volatilization loss was higher in GU-treated soils than the LU-treated soils. NH3

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9

OBI, A. OLU, R. A. HEDLIN, and C. M. CHO. "CROP UTILIZATION AND SOIL RETENTION OF NITROGEN FROM 15N-LABELLED UREA, CALCIUM NITRATE, and AMMONIUM SULPHATE IN SEVERAL MANITOBA SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (1986): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-066.

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A growth chamber study was carried out to determine crop utilization of nitrogen added as 15N-labelled calcium nitrate or urea to eight Manitoba soils of diverse characteristics. Dry matter yield of wheat was significantly greater where calcium nitrate was used as a nitrogen source than when urea was the nitrogen source in Pine Ridge, Wellwood, and Granville soils. Residual nitrogen in the soil at the end of the experiment was greater where urea was used than where calcium nitrate was used. Total recovery of urea nitrogen generally exceeded recovery of nitrogen from calcium nitrate. In a labor

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10

Mavi, M., B. Singh, and R. Setia. "Effect of organics on nitrogen transformations in soil under different moisture regimes." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 3 (2008): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.4.

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Awareness of the environmental aspects of the quality of crop production has increased in recent decades, leading to renewed interest in organics such as crop residues, green manures and organic manures. The effect of organics on urea transformation was investigated by conducting a laboratory incubation experiment in alluvial clay loam soil (Typic Ustifluvents) at 33±1°C with two moisture levels (1:1 soil:water ratio and field capacity). The rate of urea hydrolysis decreased as the time of incubation increased and the disappearance of urea N was associated with a corresponding increase in the

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11

Ahmad, Ayaz, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, and Zhenli He. "Effects of Zeolitic Urea on Nitrogen Leaching (NH4-N and NO3-N) and Volatilization (NH3) in Spodosols and Alfisols." Water 13, no. 14 (2021): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141921.

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Global use of urea nitrogen (N) fertilizer is increasing, but N losses are still very high (40–70%). Zeolites have the capability of holding NH4+, thus reducing N losses when applied as a soil amendment. However, application of a large quantity of zeolite is costly and inconvenient. In this study, zeolitic fertilizers were evaluated to select the best formulation with reduced leaching of NH4-N and NO3-N and NH3 volatilization in agricultural soils (Alfisol and Spodosol). The treatments included the following: T0 = control, T1 = urea fertilizer, T2 = zeo-urea (1:1), T3 = zeo-urea (2:1), T4 = ze

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12

Ning, Jianfeng, Yuji Arai, Jian Shen, Ronghui Wang, and Shaoying Ai. "Effects of Phosphorus on Nitrification Process in a Fertile Soil Amended with Urea." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (2021): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060523.

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While the effects of carbon on soil nitrogen (N) cycle have been extensively studied, it is not clearly understood how co-existing macronutrients, such as phosphorus (P), affect the N cycle in agroecosystems. In this study, P amendment effects on nitrification in a fertile agricultural soil were investigated under a typical N-P amendment rate. In a laboratory incubation study, soils were amended with urea, monopotassium phosphate and a mixture of urea and monopotassium phosphate at the same rate. In soils that received no amendments (control), P only, urea only, and urea plus P amendment, nitr

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13

Chen, J. S., and A. F. MacKenzie. "Effects of rates and placement methods of urea and potassium chloride on soil nitrogen and potassium and corn dry matter yield." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 2 (1993): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-017.

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Placement and interaction of urea and KCl fertilizers for corn production needs to be evaluated to develop rational fertilizer management programs. A field study, involving three rates of urea and KCl with band and broadcast placements, was conducted with corn on two Quebec soils in 1988 and 1989 to determine nutrient interactions on corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields, N and P uptake and on soil N and K. In two sites (Chicot 1988 and Ormstown 1989) with dry surface soils, no rainfall for 5 d and significant rainfall after 5 d, broadcast urea resulted in higher dry matter yields and uptake of

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14

Manikandan, Angamuthu, and Kizhaeral S. Subramanian. "Study on mitigation of ammonia volatilization loss in urea through adsorbents." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (2017): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1258.

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Volatilized ammonia loss (VAL) and toxicity are major disadvantages on urea amendment. In order to mitigate, slow (or) controlled release urea based fertilizers are prepared with low cost materials. Therefore, micro and nano-sized adsorbents such as zeolite, biochar were impregnated with urea @1:1 ratio for fertilizer formulations. The objective of the study was to evaluate the VAL rate. To study the effect of soil texture, incubation experiment on two different soils of Tamil Nadu (TypicHaplustalf and VerticUstropepts) with 4 physically mixed, 4 fabricated, conventional urea and control witho

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15

Adhikari, Kamal P., Surinder Saggar, James A. Hanly, Danilo F. Guinto, and Matthew D. Taylor. "Why copper and zinc are ineffective in reducing soil urease activity in New Zealand dairy-grazed pasture soils." Soil Research 56, no. 5 (2018): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17278.

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Micronutrients copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have the potential to inhibit soil urease activity (UA) and reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions over long duration (8–12 weeks) but have not been tested for reducing NH3 losses from cattle urine deposited in dairy-grazed pasture soils. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and longevity of Cu and Zn in reducing soil UA, for the use of these metals to reduce NH3 emissions from deposited urine by grazing cattle. A series of experiments were conducted to (i) assess the relationship between inherent Cu and Zn status and soil UA of New Zeala

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16

Raveh-Amit, Hadas, and Michael Tsesarsky. "Biostimulation in Desert Soils for Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082905.

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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a soil amelioration technique aiming to mitigate different environmental and engineering concerns, including desertification, soil erosion, and soil liquefaction, among others. The hydrolysis of urea, catalyzed by the microbial enzyme urease, is considered the most efficient microbial pathway for MICP. Biostimulated MICP relies on the enhancement of indigenous urea-hydrolyzing bacteria by providing an appropriate enrichment and precipitation medium, as opposed to bioaugmentation, which requires introducing large volumes of exogenous bacterial c

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17

de Freitas, J. R., J. J. Schoenau, S. M. Boyetchko, and S. A. Cyrenne. "Soil microbial populations, community composition, and activity as affected by repeated applications of hog and cattle manure in eastern Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 9 (2003): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-069.

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A field site near Humboldt, Saskatchewan, was annually treated with hog or cattle manure and cropped to canola, spring wheat, barley, and canola from 1997 to 2000. During each growing season, soil was analyzed for microbial populations in terms of activity and community structure, and crops were assessed for root rot and foliar diseases. Microbial activity in soils treated with cattle manure was higher than in soils treated with hog manure or urea. Similarly, nitrous oxide emissions from soil increased with increasing rates of hog and cattle manure. Potential human pathogens, including Rahnell

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18

Duncan, Elliott G., Cathryn A. O'Sullivan, Anna K. Simonsen, et al. "The nitrification inhibitor 3,4,-dimethylpyrazole phosphate strongly inhibits nitrification in coarse-grained soils containing a low abundance of nitrifying microbiota." Soil Research 55, no. 1 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15359.

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The effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4,-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on sandy soils containing low nitrifying microbial abundance has not been established. Two coarse-grained soils, representative of Western Australia’s agricultural zones, were incubated with 100mgNkg–1 soil, added as either urea, urea+DMPP or urea+nitrapyrin as an alternative nitrification inhibitor for comparative purposes. Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3–) concentrations, potential nitrification rates (PNR) and the abundance of ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were measured over time. I

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19

Niraula, Suresh, Shafiqur Rahman, and Amitava Chatterjee. "Release of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases along Moisture Gradient from Manure and Urea Applied Fargo Silty Clay Soil." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 6 (2018): 939–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12985.

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Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) [nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4)] emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilization from organic and commercial fertilizers are likely related to soil moisture levels. Effect of soil moisture [(30%, 60%, and 90% water-holding capacity (WHC)] on emissions from urea and manure treated (215 kg ha-1) Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil was studied under laboratory conditions. Soils (250 g) amended with solid beef manure (SM), straw-bedded solid beef manure (BM), urea (UR), and control (CT) were incubated for 28 days at 22±1°C, to determine GHGs (N2O, CO2,

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20

Regina, K., H. Nykänen, M. Maljanen, J. Silvola, and P. J. Martikainen. "Emissions of N2O and NO and net nitrogen mineralization in a boreal forested peatland treated with different nitrogen compounds." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 1 (1998): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x97-198.

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Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured on a drained and forested peatland in 1992-1995. Net mineralization and nitrification were studied in situ in 1993-1994. Nitrogen additions in 1992 as KNO3, NH4Cl, or urea (100 kg N ·ha-1) were used to study the fate and transformations of N in peat. The mean N2O emissions during the growth season in 1993 were 1.9, 2.6, 3.3, and 3.5 mg N ·m-2·day-1in the control soil, KNO3, NH4Cl, and urea-treated soils, respectively. Mean NO fluxes during the growth season in 1993 averaged 0.3, 0.4, 0.7, and 0.6 mg N ·m-2·day-1in the control so

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21

Koivunen, Marja E., Christophe Morisseau, William R. Horwath, and Bruce D. Hammock. "Isolation of a strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Rhizobium radiobacter) utilizing methylene urea (ureaformaldehyde) as nitrogen source." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 3 (2004): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-001.

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Methylene ureas (MU) are slow-release nitrogen fertilizers degraded in soil by microbial enzymatic activity. Improved utilization of MU in agricultural production requires more knowledge about the organisms and enzymes responsible for its degradation. A Gram-negative, MU-degrading organism was isolated from a soil in Sacramento Valley, California. The bacterium was identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens (recently also known as Rhizobium radiobacter) using both genotypic and phenotypic characterization. The pathogenic nature of the organism was confirmed by a bioassay on carrot disks. The MU-h

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22

Janke, Chelsea K., Ryosuke Fujinuma, Phil Moody, and Michael J. Bell. "Biochemical effects of banding limit the benefits of nitrification inhibition and controlled-release technology in the fertosphere of high N-input systems." Soil Research 57, no. 1 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18211.

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Enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) may have an important role in improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency in agricultural systems. The performance of EEFs when applied by broadcasting and incorporation is well documented; however, little information is available for sub-surface banded N-fertiliser. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of EEFs within the fertosphere in several soils. This was determined by: (i) establishing the key chemical effects and N-transformation activity within a urea band, and (ii) contrasting these findings with nitrification inhibitor (NI)-coated urea and

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23

Hoa, Nguyen My, Trinh Thi Thu Trang, and Tran Kim Tinh. "Net N mineralisation in acid sulfate soils amended with different sources of organic matter, lime, and urea." Soil Research 42, no. 6 (2004): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03081.

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Acid sulfate soils in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, are often high in organic matter content, but net N mineralisation is low. This may be due to low soil pH or low easily decomposable organic matter content. This study aimed at investigating net N mineralisation in acid sulfate rice soil (anaerobic incubation) and acid sulfate upland soil (aerobic incubation) amended with 1% biogas sludge, 1% straw, 1% starch, 2.5‰ CaCO3 (about 10 t CaCO3/ha for acid sulfate soils), and 0.22‰ urea. Non-acid alluvial soils were used for comparison. Results showed that addition of straw and starch to acid sulfate

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24

Watson, Catherine J. "Factors affecting the efficiency of urea for pot-grown ryegrass." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 3 (1987): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081879.

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Urea can be an inefficient nitrogen source, compared with ammonium nitrate, on calcareous soils (Ernst & Massey, 1960) and under dry conditions (Murphy, 1978) as a result of ammonia volatilization. However, the interaction between factors which can affect the performance of urea is not clearly understood. The risk of ammonia volatilization would appear to be higher on light soils with a low cation exchange capacity than on heavier soils (Fenn & Hossner, 1985). Field trials in the Netherlands indicated that a minimum of 5 mm of rain must fall within 2 days of application to give good dr

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25

BOLE, J. B., and W. D. GOULD. "OVERWINTER LOSSES OF NITROGEN-15 LABELLED UREA FERTILIZER." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 3 (1986): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-051.

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Field studies using 15N microplots were conducted to quantify the uptake and disappearance of fall- and spring-applied urea N on low organic matter, irrigated soils. Urea was mixed with the surface soil to maximize the potential for overwinter nitrification and subsequent losses of the fertilizer N. In three irrigated soils, losses of fall-applied urea averaged 24–31% compared with 11–21% of that applied at seeding. Barley took up 33–42% of spring-applied urea N but only 16–36% of fall-applied urea N. The lower uptake of fall-applied N apparently resulted from higher N losses rather than from

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26

Cabral, Carlos E. A., Carla H. A. Cabral, Alyce R. M. Santos, et al. "Ammonium sulfate enhances the effectiveness of reactive natural phosphate for fertilizing tropical grasses." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, no. 2 (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(8)86-92.

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Reactive natural phosphate is a slow and gradual solubilizing fertilizer, which makes it difficult to use in neutral to alkaline soils. Nitrogen fertilizers which acidify the soil may increase the possibility of using this phosphate fertilizer commercially. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare responses of Xaraés palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés) and Mombasa guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus syn. Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa), when different combinations of P and N fertilizers were applied during the establishment phase in non-acidic soils or

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27

Panwar, N. R., A. Saxena, D. V. Singh, and P. Kumar. "Yield sustainability of pearl millet and soil biological health with organic and inorganic fertilizer in arid environment." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (2020): 1724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-262.

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Aim: To assess sustainable yield levels and manure and/or urea needed to sustain in arid zone. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted over a period of 25 years in arid soils of Jodhpur with three levels of manure (0, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 yr-1), urea (0, 20 and 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and their combinations to assess the rate of change in yield of pearl millet cultivated with manure and/or urea; minimum quantity of manure and/or urea to be applied for achieving yield stability and minimum quantity of manure and/or urea to be applied for improved soil biological health vis-a-vis yield sustainabi

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28

el Fantroussi, Saïd, Laurent Verschuere, Willy Verstraete, and Eva M. Top. "Effect of Phenylurea Herbicides on Soil Microbial Communities Estimated by Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Fingerprints and Community-Level Physiological Profiles." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (1999): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.982-988.1999.

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ABSTRACT The effect of three phenyl urea herbicides (diuron, linuron, and chlorotoluron) on soil microbial communities was studied by using soil samples with a 10-year history of treatment. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used for the analysis of 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA). The degree of similarity between the 16S rDNA profiles of the communities was quantified by numerically analysing the DGGE band patterns. Similarity dendrograms showed that the microbial community structures of the herbicide-treated and nontreated soils were significantly different. Moreover, the bacterial

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29

Zaman, M., M. L. Nguyen, F. Matheson, J. D. Blennerhassett, and B. F. Quin. "Can soil amendments (zeolite or lime) shift the balance between nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from pasture and wetland soils receiving urine or urea-N?" Soil Research 45, no. 7 (2007): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07034.

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To determine the effects of soil amendments (lime or ammonium-sorbed zeolite) on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) gases from pasture and wetland soils, a 90-day incubation experiment was conducted under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. Soil samples (0–0.10 m soil depth) collected from pasture and adjacent wetland sites were treated with 2 nitrogen (N) sources (cow urine or urea) at 200 kg N/ha with and without added soil amendments using 10-L plastic containers and then incubated at 25°C. Subsoil samples were taken out at different intervals to measure gaseou

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30

Ochmian, Ireneusz, Karolina Kozos, Anna Jaroszewska, and Ryszard Malinowski. "Chemical and Enzymatic Changes of Different Soils during Their Acidification to Adapt Them to the Cultivation of Highbush Blueberry." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010044.

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Although there has been an increase in the cultivation of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) worldwide for several years now, the availability of suitable soils for this species remains a problem. Highbush blueberry is a plant that requires acidic soils (pH 3.8–5.5), which are well aerated and have a stable level of groundwater and high humus content. In the present study, substances such as urea phosphate fertilizer, sulfur, sulfuric acid, and phosphogypsum were used to acidify three soils: peat, loamy sand, and loamy silt. The study aimed to lower the pH of the tested soils and opt

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31

Husnain, Ibrahim Adamy Sipahutar, Joko Purnomo, Hery Widyanto, and Nurhayati. "CO2 Emissions from Tropical Peat Soil Affected by Fertilization." Journal of Tropical Soils 22, no. 1 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.1-9.

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The conversion of peat soils to agricultural uses has been thought to increase CO2 emission due to several factors, including fertilization. However, evidence on the effect of fertilization on CO2emissionsfrompeat soils is rareand often inconsistence. We measured the effects of different types of fertilizer, including N, P and K sources, and clay as an ameliorant on CO2 emission from a bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. Nutrients were added in the following combinations: 0 (unfertilized plot), N source (urea), slow-release N (slow release urea), N and Psource (Urea+SP-36), N, P and

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Kiran, Usha. "Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.)." Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences 2, no. 1 (2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10059-0005.

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ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) alone, FYM + urea, and urea alone on the growth and yield of Uraria picta Desv. ex DC. with two physicochemically different soils of Bundelkhand region, pot experiment was conducted during 2010 to 2011 and 2014 to 2015. FYM + urea applied in 50:50 ratio of nitrogen (N) gave best results as compared with the other treatments for crop yield in both the types of soils. Highest dry matter yield of 18.62 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2010 to 2011 and 24.33 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was treated in

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Reynolds, C. M., D. C. Wolf, and J. A. Armbruster. "Factors Related to Urea Hydrolysis in Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 49, no. 1 (1985): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900010021x.

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Bleskina, N. A. "Experience with Urea-Resin Stabilization of Soils." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 42, no. 4 (2005): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11204-005-0039-2.

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Zaman, MM, MAH Chowdhury, and Tanzin Chowdhury. "Response of stevia to foliar application of prilled urea." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, no. 1 (2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28710.

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Urea can be supplied to plants through the foliage, facilitating optimal N management, which minimizes N losses to the environment. The efficiency of N assimilation through foliage depends upon several factors including N levels and varieties or genotypes. No information is available on the effect of the foliar application of urea on stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, Bertoni). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of prilled urea applied in different concentrations on the growth, yield components, leaf biomass yield, N content and its uptake by stevia. Seven leve

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Alkanani, Thamir, and Angus F. MacKenzie. "Banding urea and lignosulfonate in corn (Zea mays L.) production and 15N recovery." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 76, no. 3 (1996): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-044.

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The use of urea in corn (Zea mays L.) production is common. Under current N fertilizer recommendations for corn, urea may have adverse effects on corn growth when applied in a band. The effects of ammonium lignosulfonate (LS) on corn growth and on N uptake from the banded application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) mixtures were investigated on two soils from eastern Quebec. Field experiments were initiated in the first week of May 1991 on an Ormstown silty clay and a Ste. Rosalie clay soils (fine, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Humaquepts). Treatments were two rates of urea (30 and 90 kg

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Martens, D. A., and J. M. Bremner. "Soil properties affecting volatilization of ammonia from soils treated with urea." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 20, no. 15-16 (1989): 1645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628909368173.

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Mohd Zuki, Muhammad Muhaymin, Noraini Md. Jaafar, Siti Zaharah Sakimin, and Mohd Khanif Yusop. "N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT)-Coated Urea (NCU) Improved Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in Highly Weathered Tropical Soil." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218780.

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Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly used to supply sufficient N for plant uptake, for which urea is one of the highly preferred synthetic N fertilizers due to its high N content. Unfortunately, N provided by urea is rapidly lost upon urea application to soils through ammonia volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. Thus, treatment of urea with urease inhibitor (N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT)) is among the solutions to slow down urea hydrolysis, therefore reducing loss of NH3 and saving N available for plant uptake and growth. A field study was carried out to evaluate the effe

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Schwenke, Graeme D., William Manning, and Bruce M. Haigh. "Ammonia volatilisation from nitrogen fertilisers surface-applied to bare fallows, wheat crops and perennial-grass-based pastures on Vertosols." Soil Research 52, no. 8 (2014): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14107.

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Farmers on Vertosols in the northern grains region of Australia are increasingly using pre-crop broadcasting and in-crop topdressing of nitrogen (N) fertilisers. Surface application risks gaseous loss via ammonia volatilisation, but the magnitude of N loss is unknown. Because both soil properties and environmental conditions influence ammonia volatilisation, measurements need to be field-based and non-intrusive, e.g. micrometeorological. We used an integrated horizontal flux technique to measure ammonia volatilised from neutral to alkaline Vertosols for a month after the application of several

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Qian, P., and J. J. Schoenau. "Use of ion exchange membrane to assess soil N supply to canola as affected by addition of liquid swine manure and urea." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 1 (2000): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-049.

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A growth chamber study was conducted using two Saskatchewan soils to evaluate how addition of urea and swine manure affects the supply of plant-available nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) and its relationship with plant N uptake. Treatments consisted of two different N rates applied as urea and manure (100 and 800 mg N kg−1) and a control. Ion exchange membrane probes were used to measure plant-available N supply rate. Canola was grown under the same environmental conditions to determine plant N uptake. Additions of fertilizer and manure significantly increased the supply of plant-available N me

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MARSHALL, V. G., S. REYNOLDS, and J. A. DANGERFIELD. "PREDICTING UREA HYDROLYSIS AT LOW TEMPERATURES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA FOREST SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (1990): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-053.

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Urease activity in 14 sites, representing a wide range of forest and soil types, was determined by a non-buffer method. Urease activity in L-H horizons ranged from 23–203 μg N hydrolyzed (g soil)−1 h−1 at 40 °C. In all soils, urease activity decreased dramatically with depth. At 0 °C, hydrolysis was estimated at 26.8 and 1.9 μg N g−1 h−1 for L-H and Bf horizons, respectively, for one site. Theoretical estimation of hydrolysis at 0 °C for the site with the lowest activity suggested that an operational application of urea (200 kg N ha−1) applied to snow could be hydrolyzed within 6 days in the r

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de Carvalho Arjona, Jessica, Maria das Graças Silva-Valenzuela, Shu-Hui Wang, and Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Diaz. "Biodegradable Nanocomposite Microcapsules for Controlled Release of Urea." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050722.

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Urea is the most used fertilizer around the world as the main source of nitrogen to soil and plants. However, the administration of nitrogen dosage is critical, as its excess can be harmful to the environment. Therefore, the encapsulation of urea to achieve control on its release rates has been considered in several areas. In this work, encapsulation of urea by biodegradable polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its nanocomposites, namely PHB/MMT and PHB/OMMT, producing microcapsules by emulsion method is carried out. MMT and OMMT refer to Brazilian clays in a natural state and organophili

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Babar, Saima Kalsum, Naheed Akhtar Talpur, and Aijaz Ali Khooharo. "Effects of Cu and Zn Coated Urea on Eh, pH and Solubility of Cu and Zn in Rice Soils." October 2018 37, no. 4 (2018): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1804.14.

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The concentration of Cu (Copper) and Zn (Zinc) decreases upon flooded conditions of rice soil. To assess the effects of flooding and application of Cu and Zn coated urea on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cu and Zn, a glasshouse experiment was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Rice plants (30 days old seedlings of type MR-219) on two soils (riverine and alluvium and marine alluvium) were transplanted. Nine treatments with variable rates and combinations of Cu and Zn coated urea were applied. The sources of fertilizers were copper sulfate and zinc sulfate. Eh values decreased with flo

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Hamidi, Nur Hidayah, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Latifah Omar, and Huck Ywih Ch'ng. "Combined Use of Charcoal, Sago Bark Ash, and Urea Mitigate Soil Acidity and Aluminium Toxicity." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (2021): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091799.

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Highly weathered tropical acidic soils are characterized by low pH, low organic matter, and aluminium and iron toxicity. These factors pose a challenge to achieving sustainable agriculture. The continued increase in the human population with the accompanied increasing food demand have negatively impacted the global N cycle partly because of excessive use N fertilizers particularly urea which is commonly used in agriculture. Ammonia volatilization from urea as an example, negatives the environmental quality. This study focuses on soil-N availability, pH, exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and H+ of a

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Martikainen, Pertti J., and Eeva-Liisa Nurmiaho-Lassila. "Nitrosospira, an important ammonium-oxidizing bacterium in fertilized coniferous forest soil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 3 (1985): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-037.

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Among ammonium-oxidizing autotrophic nitrifiers only Nitrosospira was found in two pine forest soils fertilized with urea or wood ash in southern Finland. A strain isolated from an ash-treated soil was partially characterized. The cells were spirals, mostly of one to three turns; they were either flagellated or not and pili were found. The strain grew best at 20–27 °C at Po2 of 0.21 (shortest doubling time, 29 h). Km(O2) at 27 °C was 0.20 mg/L. Activity per cell during exponential growth ranged from 0.0060 to 0.0085 pmol [Formula: see text] and growth yield from 2.53 × 106 to 3.60 × 106 cells/

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Rawluk, C. D. L., C. A. Grant, and G. J. Racz. "Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 2 (2001): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-052.

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Loss of N as ammonia (NH3) from surface-applied urea fertilizer may be high if hydrolysis takes place at the soil surface. The urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) may reduce NH3 loss from urea by delaying hydrolysis. Field studies using surface chambers were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to compare the amount of NH3 volatilized from surface applications of granular urea (100 kg N ha–1) treated with varying concentrations of NBPT (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% NBPT wt/wt). The studies were conducted on two Orthic Black Chernozemic soils, a Stockton fine sandy loam and a Newdale c

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Amanullah, Hidayat Ullah, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, et al. "Nitrogen Contents in Soil, Grains, and Straw of Hybrid Rice Differ When Applied with Different Organic Nitrogen Sources." Agriculture 10, no. 9 (2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090386.

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In the rice–wheat (R–W) system, inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer (urea, etc.) is the largest component of the N cycle, because the supply of N from organic fertilizers is insufficient. But the 4% Initiative aims to improve organic matter and stimulate carbon sequestration in soils using best agronomic practices (sustainable management practices) which are economically, environmentally, and socially friendly. This research project was, therefore, designed to assess the impact of various organic sources (OS, animal manure versus plant residues), inorganic N (urea), and their different combinati

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Burrows, Rhoda L., and Frank J. Peryea. "Soil Acidification Potential of Four Commercial Nitrogen Solutions Used for Fertigation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 879D—879. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.879d.

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Nitrification-induced subsoil acidification is a major problem encountered with the use of ammonium- or urea-containing fertilizer solutions for drip fertigation of tree fruit crops. We conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the soil acidification potential of the four fertilizer N solutions most frequently used for fertigation within the Washington tree fruit industry. Treatments were five orchard soils x four commercial N solutions (calcium nitrate, calcium-ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea-ammoniun nitrate) x four N rates (0, 100, 200, 500 mg N/kg). Air-dry subsamples of each

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Li, Jie, Shuai Wang, Jiafa Luo, et al. "Potential of Chamomile recutita Plant Material to Inhibit Urease Activity and Reduce NH3 Volatilization in Two Agricultural Soils." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091223.

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The large amount of ammonia released during agricultural application of urea fertilizer can result in a partial loss of applied nitrogen, having a detrimental effect on air quality. Although Chamomile recutita has nitrogen transformation inhibitory properties, providing potential agricultural and environmental benefits, the full extent of the effects of the major constituents of this plant on urease activity and NH3 volatilization in soils is currently unknown. Soil incubation experiments were established using 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and Eugenol, two major constituents of C. recutita, to evaluate

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SINGH, YADVINDER, and E. G. BEAUCHAMP. "NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS NEAR UREA IN SOIL WITH DIFFERENT WATER POTENTIALS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 3 (1988): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-055.

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Two laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial soil water potential on the transformation of urea in large granules to nitrite and nitrate. In the first experiment two soils varying in initial soil water potentials (− 70 and − 140 kPa) were incubated with 2 g urea granules with and without a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) at 15 °C for 35 d. Only a trace of [Formula: see text] accumulated in a Brookston clay (pH 6.0) during the transformation of urea in 2 g granules. Accumulation of [Formula: see text] was also small (4–6 μg N g−1) in Conestogo

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