Academic literature on the topic 'Urinary bladder infection – Rats'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Urinary bladder infection – Rats.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Urinary bladder infection – Rats"
1
Balsara, Zarine R., Sherry S. Ross, Paul C. Dolber, John S. Wiener, Yuping Tang, and Patrick C. Seed. "Enhanced Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infection in the Spinal Cord-Injured Host with Neurogenic Bladder." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 8 (June 10, 2013): 3018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00255-13.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTNeurogenic bladder predisposes to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal failure, and susceptibility is commonly ascribed to urinary stasis from elevated residual urine volumes.Escherichia coliUTI was modeled in the spinal cord-injured (SCI) rat with the hypothesis that SCI animals would require fewer bacteria to establish infection, have an exaggerated inflammatory response, and have delayed clearance of infection compared to normal-voiding controls. T10 SCI rats and controls had median infectious doses (ID50) of 102and 105CFU, respectively. Mean residual volumes in the SCI animals did not correlate with susceptibility to initiation of UTI or outcome. In the acute infection, control and SCI rats developed acute cystitis and pyelitis without acute differences in histopathological scores of inflammation. However,in vivoimaging of infected animals revealed persistently higher levels of bacteria in the SCI urine and bladders than were seen for controls over 2 weeks. Likewise, at 2 weeks, acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates persisted in the bladders and kidneys of SCI rats, whereas inflammation largely resolved within the controls. Together these data demonstrate that SCI rats exhibit delayed clearance of infection and exaggerated inflammatory responses in bladders and kidneys; however, the severity of residual volumes does not predict increased susceptibility to UTI. These studies suggest that host-dependent mechanisms that are discrete from alterations in bladder physiology influence UTI susceptibility with the SCI-neurogenic bladder. This model will allow elucidation of SCI-neurogenic bladder-mediated changes in host response that yield UTI susceptibility and may lead to new preventative and therapeutic options.
2
Lobão, Maria João, and Paulo Sousa. "Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: Results of a Cohort Study Performed in an Internal Medicine Department." Acta Médica Portuguesa 30, no. 9 (September 29, 2017): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.8606.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the most frequent healthcare associated infections, being related to both high costs and morbidity. Our intention was to carry out an epidemiological characterization of hospital acquired urinary tract infections that occurred in an internal medicine department of a Portuguese hospital.Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study (historic cohort). Data were analysed from a systematic random sample of 388 patients, representative of the 3492 admissions occurred in 2014 in that department.Results: One in four patients underwent the placement of a bladder catheter [24.7% (n = 96); 95% CI: 20% - 29%], 36.5% (95% CI: 33% - 48%) of which in the absence of clinical criteria for that procedure. The global cumulative incidence rate for nosocomial urinary tract infections was 4.6% (95% CI: 2.5% - 6.7%). Most hospital acquired urinary tract infections (61.1%) were related to bladder catheter use. We quantified 3.06 infections / 1000 patient-days and 14.5 infections / 1000 catheter-days. Catheter associated urinary tract infection occurred at an early stage of hospitalization. The vast majority of patients (66.7%) that developed a catheter associated urinary tract infection were subjected to bladder catheter placement at emergency department. Seventy one per cent of catheter associated urinary tract infection occurred in patients that were subjected to bladder catheter placement without criteria.Discussion: These results point to an excessive and inadequate use of urinary catheters, highlighting the need for judicious use taking into account the formal clinical indications. The incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection is similar to what we found in other studies. Nevertheless we found a very high incidence density per catheter-days that may foresee a problem probably related to the absence of early withdrawal of the device, and to both bladder catheter placement and maintenance practices. A significant part of catheter associated urinary tract infection occurred in patients that had the bladder catheter placed in the emergency department, before the admission to the internal medicine ward, which highlights the need to assess the urinary catheterization practices in those departments.Conclusion: The high rate of catheter associated urinary tract infection that occurred in the absence of bladder placement indication reinforces the need to implement prevention strategies that contemplate the reduction of its use. Emergency departments should be part of quality improvement projects in this area. Causes for the early onset of catheter associated urinary tract infection in this cohort should be investigated.
3
Reyes, Leticia, Mary Reinhard, L. J. O'Donell, Janet Stevens, and Mary B. Brown. "Rat Strains Differ in Susceptibility to Ureaplasma parvum-Induced Urinary Tract Infection and Struvite Stone Formation." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 12 (September 18, 2006): 6656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00984-06.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Individuals with struvite uroliths are susceptible to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), sepsis, and renal disease. Unfortunately, little is known about the host-specific factors that predispose to this disease. In order to develop a rodent model that can address this problem, we inoculated female Fischer 344 (F344), Lewis (LEW), Sprague-Dawley (SD), and Wistar (WIS) rats with a host-adapted strain of Ureaplasma parvum. Animals were necropsied at 2 weeks postinoculation; 100% of F344, 42% of SD, 10% of LEW, and 10% of WIS rats remained infected. Severe bladder lesions and struvite calculi were seen in 64% of F344 rats; in other rat strains, bladder lesions were mild or absent. F344 rats with struvite uroliths had the highest urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as GRO/KC, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and IL-1β. F344 rats without struvite stones at necropsy had milder bladder lesions and significantly lower urinary levels of proinflammatory cytokines but a more prominent inflammatory response than did other rat strains. Based on our results, struvite stone formation is linked to a robust inflammatory response that does not resolve UTI but instead promotes damage to surrounding tissues.
4
Ashmawey, Abeer Mostafa, Waleed S. Mohamed, Ibrahim M. Abdel-Salam, Saad M. El-Gendy, Ali I. Ali, and Abdelbaset A. El-Aaser. "Role of Urinary Tract Bacterial Infection in the Process of Bladder Carcinogenesis (Molecular and Biochemical Studies)." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 15, 2011): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3542.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This work is designed to study the possible role of chronic inflammation induced by E. coli in the urinary bladder of rats, the protective role of soybean flour, in addition to the role of oxidative and nitrosative stresses during bladder carcinogenesis. Material & Methods: This study was done on one hundred and fifty adult male albino rats (50 - 60 gm) that divided into five groups; a) Normal control group, b) Dibutyl amine and sodium nitrate treated group, c)E.Coli treated group, d) Dibutyl amine and sodium nitrate treated group plus E. coli, and e) Dibutyl amine and sodium nitrate treated group plus soy bean flour. Survival rate and histopatholgical changes during the period of treatment were recorded. Level of malondialdhyde, glutathione, catalase, hydrogen peroxide, Total anti-oxidant capacity and nitric oxide were measured. RNA extracted from bladder tissues was determined in addition to P16 level and caspase-3 expression. Results: Survival analysis showed a significant decrease (p< 0.001) in E.Coli and dibutyl amine plus sodium nitrate treated groups in comparing with the normal and other treated groups. Also, E. coli infection in the bladder tissues increases the carcinogenic ability of nitrosamine precursors, and enhances oxidative and nitrosative stresses via increasing levels of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdhyde. Regarding the molecular changes, extra bands have been found in E. coli and E. coli + carcinogen treated groups approximately at 16-18KD which are not present in the other groups. Conclusion: Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder may play a major additive and synergistic role in bladder carcinogenesis. Our results have also shown that soy bean flour may have a protective action during induction of urinary tumors. Key Words: Bladder carcinogenesis; E. Coli; Soybean; DBA; P16 DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3542 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 31-40
5
Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, and Mirsada Hukić. "Catheter-Related Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Suffering from Spinal Cord Injuries." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2009): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2009.2849.
Full textAbstract:
Urinary tract infection is commoner in patients with spinal cord injuries because of incomplete bladder emptying and the use of catheters that can result in the introduction of bacteria into the bladder. 145 patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, admitted to the Institute for physical medicine and rehabilitation, Centre for paraplegia of the Clinical Centre of the University of Sarajevo, were included. The patients were divided in three groups according to the method of bladder drainage: Group A (n=61) consisted of patients on clean intermittent catheterization; Group B (n=54) consisted of patients with indwelling catheters; Group C (n=30) consisted of patients who had performed self-catheterization. From a total of 4539 urine samples, 3963 (87,3%) were positive and 576 (12,7%) were sterile. More than 90% of the infected patients were asymptomatic.The overall rate of urinary infection amounted to about 2,1 episodes, and bacteriuria to 8,1 episodes per patient. 77% of infections (113/145) were acquired within seven days from catheterization.Infection was usually polymicrobial; the greatest number of urine samples 1770/3943 (44,9%) included more than one bacterium.The vast majority of cases of urinary tract infection and bacteriuria are caused by Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci, commensal organisms of the bowel and perineum, representative of those from the hospital environment. Providencia stuarti (18,9%) being the most common, followed by Proteus mirabilis (16,3%), Escherichia coli (11,8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10,2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8,1%), Morganella morgani (5,4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4,6%), Providencia rettgeri (3,5%). 15,7% of isolates were Gram-positive with Enterococcus faecalis (8,6%) as the most common. 55,3% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, and the highest rates of resistance were found among Acinetobacter baumannii (87,8%), Providencia rettgeri (86,7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85,4%), Providencia stuarti (84,3%) and Morganella morgani (81,0%). Lower rates of resistance were found in Group C, i.e. patients on intermittent self- catheterisation. Eradication of organisms was achieved in only 53 (10,05%) of patients; hence, antibiotic therapy had no or very low effect.Significant correlations were found between the method of catheterization and the frequency of bacteriuria and urinary tract infections. The analysis of Group C showed a rate of lower urinary tract infection and bacteriuria than the other two Groups of patients. The objective of this study is the update of etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary tract infections in this group of patients. In addition, possible correlations between UTI and the type of bladder management were examined.
6
Cornish, J., M. A. Vanderwee, G. Findon, and T. E. Miller. "Reliable diagnosis of Trichosomoides crassicauda in the urinary bladder of the rat." Laboratory Animals 22, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780864385.
Full textAbstract:
Two reliable methods are described for identifying infection of laboratory rats with the nematode Trichosomoides crassicauda. The first is a rapid method where cryostat sections of the rat urinary bladder are stained with acridine orange and viewed under a fluorescence microscope. The second involves the stabilization of the bladder surface prior to examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
7
Garcia-Roig, Michael L., and Andrew J. Kirsch. "Urinary tract infection in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux." F1000Research 5 (June 30, 2016): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8390.1.
Full textAbstract:
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common underlying etiology responsible for febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) or pyelonephritis in children. Along with the morbidity of pyelonephritis, long-term sequelae of recurrent renal infections include renal scarring, proteinuria, and hypertension. Treatment is directed toward the prevention of recurrent infection through use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis during a period of observation for spontaneous resolution or by surgical correction. In children, bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD) plays a significant role in the occurrence of UTI and the rate of VUR resolution. Effective treatment of BBD leads to higher rates of spontaneous resolution and decreased risk of UTI.
8
Korac, Milos, Branko Milosevic, Lidija Lavadinovic, Aleksandar Janjic, and Branko Brmbolic. "Disseminated BCG infection in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma." Medical review 62, no. 11-12 (2009): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0912592k.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Bacillus Calmette-Gu?rin - a live, attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis has been used in immunotherapy of patients with superficial urinary bladder carcinoma. Some patients develop complications after intravesical instillation of BCG: high temperature followed by hematuria or granulomatous prostatits, epidydimoorchitis, urethral obstruction, and less than 1% have a systemic disease followed by dissemination of bacteria into other organs. Case report. A 50-year-old man underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. One month after the operation BCG intravesical instillations were administered for three weeks. After the fourth instillation, our patient developed high fever, fatigue, vomiting, dark urine, light stools, and jaundice. On admission he was jaundiced with a high fever, enlarged liver and spleen and laboratory findings which included high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, pancytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, especially alkaline phosphatase and aminotranspherases. The bone-marrow biopsy showed granulomatous inflamation suggesting mycobacterial spread in the bone marrow, liver and spleen and sepsis. The patient was initially treated with antituberculous therapy, but his state did not improve until corticosteroids were added to the antituberuculous treatment regimen. Conclusion. Although dissemination of BCG is a rare complication of intravesical BCG treatment of the bladder carcinoma, it may result in prolonged fever and granulomatous inflamation of the liver, spleen, lungs, bone marrow and BCG sepsis. Antituberculous agents in combination with corticosteroids comprise the treatment of choice for disseminated BCG infection.
9
Reyes, Leticia, Sophie Alvarez, Ayman Allam, Mary Reinhard, and Mary B. Brown. "Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Is Associated with Uroepithelial Expression of Proinflammatory Protein S100A8." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 10 (August 10, 2009): 4265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00458-09.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT F344 rats chronically infected with Ureaplasma parvum develop two distinct profiles: asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) and UTI complicated by struvite urolithiasis. To identify factors that affect disease outcome, we characterized the temporal host immune response during infection by histopathologic analysis and in situ localization of U. parvum. We also used differential quantitative proteomics to identify distinguishing host cellular responses associated with complicated UTI. In animals in which microbial colonization was limited to the mucosal surface, inflammation was indistinguishable from that which occurred in sham-inoculated controls, and the inflammation resolved by 72 h postinoculation (p.i.) in both groups. However, inflammation persisted in animals with microbial colonization that extended into the deeper layers of the submucosa. Proteome profiling showed that bladder tissues from animals with complicated UTIs had significant increases (P < 0.01) in proteins involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Animals with complicated UTIs (2 weeks p.i.) had the highest concentrations of the proinflammatory protein S100A8 (P ≤ 0.005) in bladder tissues, and the levels of S100A8 positively correlated with those of proinflammatory cytokines GRO/KC (P ≤ 0.003) and interleukin-1α (P ≤ 0.03) in urine. The bladder uroepithelium was a prominent cell source of S100A8-S100A9 in animals with complicated UTIs (2 weeks p.i.), which was not detected in animals with asymptomatic UTIs (2 weeks p.i.) or in any bladder tissues harvested at earlier p.i. time points. Based on these results, we surmise that invasive colonization of the bladder triggers chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, which may be critical to struvite formation.
10
Ford, Delvina, Bonnie Haupt, Renada Rochon, Debra Bartoshevich, Monalisa Rodriguez, and Jose Cadena Zuluaga. "Beyond Bundles in Prevention of CAUTI and UTI’s." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s139—s140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.654.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common healthcare-associated infections. Evidenced-based practice (EBP) successes of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) bundles has resulted in rates decreasing >50% in community-based nursing homes. The South Texas Community Living Center (CLC SA), our 42-bed long-term care and rehabilitation center, conducts routine infection prevention surveillance. During routine surveillance, the infection prevention team noticed an increase in UTI percentages and CAUTI rates. Thus, we sought to increase compliance with standard CAUTI bundles, and we implemented an intervention called the “bladder bundle.” Methods: A multidisciplinary team (ie, infection preventionist, clinical nurse leader, simulation director, educator, leadership and frontline staff champions) identified and evaluated practices through documentation of audits and safety rounds during April and May of 2017 (FY19 QTR 3). The comprehensive bladder bundle was initiated in June 2017, based on EBP interventions and included education for staff with audit and feedback. The team reviewed the literature and expanded the bladder bundle to include a comprehensive urinary note and oral hydration program for the veterans in addition to the standard CAUTI bundles (ie, minimize catheter use, use with appropriate indications, consider alternatives to catheters, proper insertion and securement). In May 2018, a facility-wide, hospital-wide initiative focused on a new urinary catheter insertion kit, insertion competencies and perineal care to improve outcomes. This initiative was added to our bladder bundle for CLC SA. Results: Before the intervention (FY16 Q3 to FY17 Q2), percentages of veterans with a UTI had increased to 4.65%, in FY17 Q3, this rate had increased to 11.76%. After the intervention (FY17 Q4 to FY19 Q3) the percentage dropped significantly to 0%, and this rate has now been sustained for 8 quarters. Our CLC SA has remained at zero harm and has no NHSN CAUTI has occurred since October 2017 (FY18Q1). The catheterization in bladder days has decreased from 162 days in FY14 to 49 in FY18, and for the first 2 quarters of FY19, there were only 25 days. For the last 8 quarters, documentation compliance has increased, as has use of BB interventions. Conclusions: The continuous improvement project targeted within the CLC SA, with education to staff, audit and feedback tools, and a comprehensive urinary note with the oral hydration program in combination with the standard CAUTI bundles, have improved veteran health outcomes and have expanded provider and nursing practices. The interprofessional team approach enhanced the success of this project.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urinary bladder infection – Rats"
1
Chun, Alexa L. "The effects of age on urinary bladder function in the male rat : response to pharmacological agents /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487326511715408.
Full text
2
Hälleberg-Nyman, Maria. "Urinary catheter policies for short-term bladder drainage in hip surgery patients." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22505.
Full textAbstract:
The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate methods for urinary catheter handling in patients undergoing hip surgery. The intention was to gain knowledge in order to provide optimal and cost- effective care regarding urinary catheterisation in this group of patients. In Study I , 45 of the 86 catheterised patients (52%) contracted nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs). Diabetes was a risk factor for developing UTI, and cloxacillin as a perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis seemed to offer a certain protection. Study II was a randomised controlled trial on the effect of clamping (n = 55) or not (n = 58) of the indwelling urinary catheter before removal. No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to time to normal bladder function, need for recatheterisation, or length of hospital stay. Study III was a randomised controlled trial among patients with hip fracture and hip arthroplasty, in which the patients were randomised to intermittent (n = 85) or indwelling (n = 85) urinary catheterisation. No significant differences in nosocomial UTIs (9% vs. 12%) or cost-effectiveness were shown. The patients in the intermittent group regained normal bladder function significantly sooner after surgery. Fourteen percent of the patients in the intermittent group did not need any catheterisation. In Study IV , 30 patients were interviewed about their experiences of bladder emptying and urinary catheterisation. The patients’ views were described through the main category ‘An issue but of varying impact’. Both bladder emptying through micturition and bladder emptying through catheterisation were described as convenient, but also as uncomfortable and an intrusion on dignity. The patients were aware of risks and complications of urinary catheterisation. In conclusion, this thesis indicates that UTI is common in hip surgery patients. Clamping of indwelling catheters seems not necessary. There is no preference for either intermittent or indwelling urinary catheterisation according to the results of this thesis, either for the development of nosocomial UTI or, for cost-effectiveness, or from the patient perspective. Nurses should be aware that catheterisation might make the patients feel exposed, and it is essential that their practice reflect the best available evidence.
3
Ordway, Gregory Allen. "The effects of age on muscarinic and alpha adrenergic receptor systems of the rat urinary bladder /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148725958026307.
Full text
4
Mora, Bau Gabriela. "Définir le début des événements conduisant à une réponse immunitaire adaptative lors de l'infection urinaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066666/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’infection des voies urinaires est l'une des infections bactériennes les plus courantes avec des coûts de soins de santé très élevés. On estime que 50% des femmes connaîtront une infection urinaire au cours de leur vie, ceci de manière récurrente chez la moitié d’entre elles. Le développement de thérapies efficaces a été limité par le manque de connaissance concernant la mise en place de la réponse immune adaptative lors de cette infection. Dans cette étude, nous avons démontré qu'une réponse adaptative est générée lors de l'infection urinaire, cependant celle-ci n’a pas d’action protectrice. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes aboutissant à ce phénomène, nous avons cherché à caractériser les cellules immunitaires présentes dans la vessie. Des tests d’absorption bactérienne ont montré que ces macrophages phagocytent la majorité des bactéries au début de l'infection. Pour évaluer l’influence de ces cellules sur la mise en place de la réponse immune adaptative, nous avons déplété les macrophages et évalué la clairance bactérienne lors d’une deuxième infection. En comparaison avec les animaux non traités, les souris déplétées présentaient une réduction de la charge bactérienne conséquente lors de la seconde infection, cette clairance dépendant de la réponse immune adaptative. Pour comprendre ce mécanisme d'inhibition par les macrophages, nous avons évalué le microenvironnement vésical et la phagocytose au début de l'infection chez les souris déplétées, et chez les souris non traitées. Bien que nous n’ayons pas observé de différences dans la production de cytokines, l'absorption bactérienne par les cellules dendritiques s’avère deux fois plus importante chez les animaux déplétés. Ces données suggèrent que l'absorption bactérienne par les macrophages tissulaires est néfaste pour la mise en place de la réponse adaptative, ouvrant de nouvelles options thérapeutiques. Nous avons également évalué le rôle des lymphocytes T dans ce processus en déplétant ces cellules au cours de l'infection primaire ou avant la deuxième infection. Ainsi, nous avons observé que les lymphocytes T sont nécessaires dans la réponse adaptative, mais ne sont cependant pas indispensables à la clairance bactérienne lors d'une réinfection. De plus, l'infection des souris Batf3-/-, déplétées en cellules dendritiques spécialisées dans la présentation croisée, a montré que ces souris contrôlent une seconde infection aussi bien que les souris contrôle. Ces résultats suggérent que la présence lymphocytes T CD8+ n’est pas nécessaire pour lutter contre l’infection urinaire. Notre étude révèle un mécanisme par lequel le système immunitaire est compromis lors de l'infection urinaire, offrant un point de départ intéressant pour une recherche plus approfondie sur le rôle du système immunitaire adaptatif dans ce contexte, élément fondamental dans le développement de nouvelles thérapiesUrinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections with exorbitant health care costs. It is estimated that 50% of women will experience a UTI during their lifetime and approximately half will suffer recurrent infections. Infected women are treated with antibiotics, however, antibiotic resistance is increasing, raising the need for new therapeutic options. Development of efficient therapies has been impeded by the lack of knowledge of events leading to adaptive immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that an adaptive immune response is generated during UTI, however this response does not confer protective immunity. To begin to understand why the response induced during UTI was not effective, we delineated the immune cell compartment of the bladder and identified macrophages as the most populous immune cell. We evaluated bacterial acquisition in the bladder observing that macrophages phagocytize the majority of the bacteria early in infection. To evaluate the impact of macrophages on the generation of adaptive immunity, we depleted bladder resident macrophages and evaluated bacterial clearance during a challenge infection. Interestingly, mice depleted of resident macrophages, prior to primary infection, exhibited a nearly 2-log reduction in bacterial burden following secondary challenge compared to untreated animals. This improvement in clearance was dependent on the adaptive immune system. To shed light on the mechanism of macrophage inhibition, we evaluated the bladder microenvironment and bacterial acquisition early in infection in macrophage-depleted and control-treated mice. While we did not observe differences in the cytokine microenvironment, bacterial uptake by dendritic cells was increased nearly 2-fold in macrophage-depleted animals. These data suggest that bacterial uptake by tissue macrophages negatively impacts the development of adaptive immunity, revealing a novel target for enhancing host responses to bacterial infection of the bladder. We also evaluated the role of T cells during UTI by depleting these cells during the course of the infection or just prior to challenge infection. We observed that T cells were necessary to mount an adaptive immune response to UTI, however, they were dispensable for bacterial killing during challenge infection. Additionally, infection of Batf3-/- mice, lacking cross-presenting dendritic cells, suggested that CD8+ T cells are dispensable for the response against UTI as these mice cleared a challenge infection as well as wildtype mice. Our study has revealed a mechanism by which the immune system is compromised during UTI, providing an interesting start point for further investigation of the role of the adaptive immune system during UTI, which will be fundamental for the development of new therapies to efficiently treat infection
5
Kilmanaitė, Oksana. "Slaugytojų vaidmuo su šlapimo pūslės kateterizacija susijusių šlapimo takų infekcijų išsivystyme ir profilaktikoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090617_154728-78213.
Full textAbstract:
Tyrimo tikslas: išsiaiškinti slaugytojų vaidmenį su šlapimo pūslės kateterizacija susijusių šlapimo takų infekcijų išsivystyme ir profilaktikoje.
Tyrimo uždaviniai:
1. Įvertinti slaugytojų, dirbančių reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuose, teorines žinias apie šlapimo takų infekcijas, jų rizikos veiksnius bei profilaktiką;
2. Įvertinti ar slaugytojos, dirbančios reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuose, žino kaip taisyklingai atlikti šlapimo pūslės kateterizaciją laikantis slaugos procedūrų metodikos reikalavimų;
3. Nustatyti, kokias profilaktikos priemones bei metodus taiko reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyrių slaugytojos, kad būtų išvengta šlapimo takų infekcijų;
4. Pateikti praktines rekomendacijas.
Tiriamoji grupė: tyrime dalyvavo 104 slaugytojos, dirbančios KMUK, Kauno 2-osios klinikinės ligoninės, Kauno apskrities ligoninės ir Kauno Raudonojo Kryžiaus klinikinės ligoninės reanimacijos ir intensyvios terapijos skyriuose.
Tyrimo metodai: anketinė apklausa ir statistinė duomenų analizė. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas 2009 m. vasario – kovo mėnesiais.
Apklausai naudota nestandartizuota autorinė anketa, kuri buvo sudaryta remiantis literatūros analize ir Lietuvos Respublikos sveikatos apsaugos ministro įsakymu patvirtinta higienos norma HN 47-1:2008 “Sveikatos priežiūros įstaigos. Higieninės ir epidemiologinės priežiūros reikalavimai.“, ir tyrėjos paruoštas veiklos testas. Tyrimo metu gauti duomenys apdoroti naudojant SPSS 13.0 versijos statistinį duomenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The goal of the research – to find out what is the role of the nurses in the development and prophylaxis of the catheter – associated urinary tract infections. Research tasks: 1. Evaluate the theoretical knowledge about the urinary tract infections and their risk’s factors and prophylaxis of the nurses working in the units of Intensive care; 2. Evaluate do the nurses working in the units of Intensive care know how to do the urinary bladder catheterization properly according to the requirements of the methodology of the care procedures; 3. Estimate what preventive measures and methods are used by the nurses of Intensive care units in order to avoid the urinary tract infections; 4. Give the practical recommendations. Investigative group: 104 nurses working in the units of intensive care in Kaunas University Hospital, the Second Kaunas Clinical Hospital, Kaunas Regional Hospital and Kaunas Red Cross Hospital took part in this research. The methods of the research: questionnaire and statistical data analyses. The research was made from January to March in the year 2009. The nonstandard authorized questionnaire which was made according to the analyses of the literature and certified hygiene norm HN 47-1:2008 „Health Care Institutions. Sanitary and epidemiological care requirements.“ affirmed by the Minister of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and the test prepared by the researcher. The data received during the research chiseled using the SPSS 13.0 version of the... [to full text]
6
Rafla, Mona Helmy. "Cancer de la vessie avec schistosomiase : modeles pronostiques de recidive et leur evaluation." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077149.
Full text
7
Nunes, Ricardo Luis Vita. "Influência da dieta hipercolesterolêmica na remodelação do colágeno da matriz extracelular da parede vesical em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-05032010-152353/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A bexiga é responsável em armazenar urina em volume adequado e de esvaziar seu conteúdo de forma plena. Suas propriedades miogênicas intrínsecas e viscoelásticas são as responsáveis por esta função. Disfunções vesicais podem ser decorrentes, dentre outras causas, de anormalidades intrínsecas da musculatura detrusora ou da composição de sua matriz extracelular (MEC). O colágeno corresponde a 50% do estroma vesical, possuindo importante papel na adaptação vesical a condições fisiopatológicas específicas. Os colágenos tipo I e III são os mais comuns, sendo o colágeno tipo III o primeiro a ser sintetizado em processos de reparação e fibrose. Diversas afecções como a obstrução infravesical (OIV) parcial crônica podem induzir estes processos através da remodelação da MEC e conseqüentemente alterar a função vesical. Acredita-se que a hipercolesterolemia também o faça, porém ainda não foi reproduzida tal associação a nível morfológico. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se dieta hipercolesterolêmica promove alterações estruturais vesicais em ratos, especialmente no que diz respeito à remodelação colágena. Método: Foram utilizadas 45 ratas da raça Wistar, de quatro semanas de idade, divididas em três grupos: 1) controle com dieta comum padrão para roedores (DN); 2) modelo de OIV com DN e 3) controle com dieta de alto teor lipídico (DATL 1,25% colesterol). Análise sérica do colesterol e fração LDL e medição do peso corporal foram realizadas em todos os animais inicialmente e no final do estudo. Com quatro semanas de estudo, as ratas dos grupos 1 e 3 foram submetidas à cirurgia simulada, enquanto os animais do grupo 2 foram efetivamente submetidos à cirurgia de OIV parcial. Após dissecção da uretra, fez-se uma ligadura parcial com Nylon 5-0, com um lúmen residual de aproximadamente 1 mm. Após seis semanas, todos os animais foram submetidos à remoção de suas bexigas e então sacrificados. Análise morfológica foi realizada através da coloração de Picrosirius vermelho e de imuno-histoquímica para os colágenos tipos I e III. As variáveis categóricas fora expressas em médias ± desvio padrão e a comparação entre grupos realizada pelo método ONEWAY-ANOVA e pela análise de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, quando houve diferença. A significância estatística foi definida como p < 0,05. Resultados: Este estudo demonstrou que a DATL em ratas Wistar proporcionou aumento significativo das taxas de LDL-colesterol (p < 0,001) e do peso corporal (p = 0,017) em relação a ratas alimentadas com DN no período de dez semanas. Além disto, induziu alterações morfológicas significativas da matriz extracelular, no que diz respeito à remodelação das fibras colágenas imaturas e do colágeno tipo III em relação ao grupo controle (p = 0,002 e p = 0,016, respectivamente), de forma semelhante ao que ocorre no modelo experimental de OIV parcial crônica. Conclusão: A dieta hipercolesterolêmica administrada a ratas Wistar promoveu, além de aumento do peso corporal e elevação da fração LDL-colesterol, alterações significativas na composição colágena da MEC vesical.Purpose: Preserved bladder function is defined as the adequate storage and emptying of its urinary content. Compliance is an important factor for these functions and is directly related to the extracellular matrix composition. Its abnormalities can lead to bladder dysfunctions. The collagen represents 50% of bladder stroma, playing an important role in the bladder adaptation to specific pathologic conditions. Types I and III collagens are the most prevalent in bladder wall whereas type III collagen is the first synthesized in reparation and fibrosis processes. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) promotes this process and hypercholesterolemia is also believed to create conditions for it, although no morphologic association has already been demonstrated. In this study we aimed to verify if hypercholesterolemic diet promotes structural bladder wall modifications, regarding the collagen remodeling. Methods: Forty-five female heterogenic Wistar 4 weeks-old rats were divided into three groups: 1) control fed on a normal diet (ND); 2) BOO model fed on a ND and 3) control fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD 1.25% cholesterol). Initially, serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and body weight were measured. Four weeks later groups 1 and 3 underwent a sham operation while group 2 underwent a partial BOO operation. After the urethra was dissected a 5-zero nylon suture was passed and tied loosely around the urethra with a 22G needle besides it. Six weeks later the bladders of all animals were removed, serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol analysis was performed, body weight was measured and then they were sacrificed. Morphological analysis was performed by Picrosirius red staining and immunohistochemistry for types I and III collagen. Statistical analysis was done comparing groups by the Oneway-Anova method and Tukey multiple comparisons when needed. Significance was considered when p < 0.05. Results: Wistar rats fed on a HC diet had a significant increase of LDL-cholesterol levels (p < 0.001) and body weight (p = 0.017), when compared to the control group fed on a normal diet in the period of ten weeks. Moreover, HC diet induced significant morphological alterations of the extracellular matrix of the bladder wall, regarding immature collagen fibers and type III collagen remodeling, when compared to the control group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016, respectively), resembling the process promoted in the BOO model. Conclusions: A hypercholesterolemic diet in Wistar rats promoted, besides the body weight and LDL-cholesterol increase, morphological alterations of the bladder extracellular matrix, regarding collagen remodeling.
8
Nsabimana, Abdon. "Effects of acetylcholine on isolated urinary bladders of normal and streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1301.
Full textAbstract:
This study was prompted by the inconsistent reports and apparent controversies that exist in the biomedical literature on the responses of diabetic bladder strips to cholinergic nerve stimulation or exogenous administration of muscarinic agonists, especially acetylcholine (ACh), in vitro. In the present study, acetylcholine-induced contractions of urinary bladders isolated from normoglycaemic (normal) and streptozotocin-treated, diabetic Wistar rats were examined under physiological conditions. Mechanical contractile changes of the isolated urinary bladders of STZ-treated, diabetic rats in response to bath-applied acetylcholine were compared with those obtained from isolated urinary bladders of normal, age-matched, control rats. Results obtained show that urinary bladders from diabetic rats consistently weighed more, and were always more spontaneously active after mounting, than those of the age-matched normal, control rats. ft A Acetylcholine (ACh, 10" -10" M) provoked concentration-related, atropine-sensitive contractions of the isolated urinary bladders of both diabetic and age-matched normal, control rats. However, acetylcholine always induced more powerful and greater contractions of the diabetic bladders compared with bladders from the age-matched normal, control rats. The enhanced contractile responses of the diabetic bladder strips to bath-applied ACh were detected soon after induction of diabetes, and the magnitude and/or intensity of the enhanced contractile responses to ACh continued to increase as the diabetic state of the animals progressed. Although this preliminary study could not establish the mechanism of the increased contractile responsiveness of the diabetic bladders to the muscarinic agonist (ACh) used, the results tend to suggest that alterations in diabetic urinary bladder synaptosomal, vesicle-bound neurotransmitter (ACh) concentrations and the compensatory increase in the density of muscarinic M3-receptor population in diabetic bladders are two of the most attractive plausible mechanisms of the increased diabetic bladder responsiveness to bath-applied acetylcholine.Thesis (M.Sc.Pharm.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2006.
9
Higgy, Nadia Ahmad. "The role of chronic bacterial infection in urinary bladder carcinogenesis." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13713034.html.
Full text
10
Hung, Ying-Cho, and 洪英哲. "The nonaddrenergic noncholinergic (NANC)neurotransmission in urinary bladder of the rats." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45646597920437839481.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
藥理學研究所
84
It is well known that the rat urinary bladder possesses an non- adrenergic, non-cholinergic ( NANC) innervation. However, the neurotransmitter for this NANC neurotransmission is still contro- versial and is the main interest of our research.The rat detrusor muscle strips were studied in organ bath in vitro and contraction were induced by electric-field stimulation (EFS). The amplitude of contraction increased as the frequency was increased.The frequency-dependent contractions were almost completely abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), indicating that the response to EFS was predominantly neurogenic. The NANC contraction was obtained in the presence of the four autonomic nerve blockers (atropine, guanethidine, phentolamine and propranolol). The NANC component constituted a greater portion of the contraction at low frequency than that at high frequency. Desensitization induced by a.b-MeATP , a P2x receptor agonist, reduced the NANC contractions evoked by a constant stimulating frequency 3Hz (EF50).Meanwhile, this NANC response was abolished mostly in ATP desensitized sample. Adenosi -ne has a similar activity asATP. In addition, this NANCcontrac -tion was also abolished mostly by P2 receptor blockers suramin and P2x receptor blocker PPADS, at concentrations sufficient to block a.b-MeATP-induced contraction. It is suggested that this NANC contraction in urinary bladder might be one of the pur- inergic actions of ATP. Dipyridamole, a adenosine uptake inhibitor ,inhibited NANC contraction at concentrations which influenced the action of a, b-MeATP. DPCPX, a A1 adenosine receptor blocker, did not affect NANC contraction even at high concentration. The adenyl purines released by EFS from nerve were detected by HPLC and the amount of ATP was more than adenosine.Therefore,combining measurement of adenyl purines release and the results of fun- ctional studies,the present study suggests that ATP plays an important role in NANC neurotransmission of the rat bladder.
Books on the topic "Urinary bladder infection – Rats"
1
Lambert, Heather. Primary vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy. Edited by Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0355_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract when the ureterovesical junction fails to perform as a one-way valve. Most commonly, VUR is primary, though it can be secondary to bladder outflow obstruction and can occur in several multiorgan congenital disorders. There is good evidence of a genetic basis with a greatly increased risk of VUR in children with a family history of VUR. VUR is a congenital disorder, which largely shows improvement or complete resolution with age. Fetal VUR may be associated with parenchymal developmental defects (dysplasia). Postnatally non-infected, non-obstructed VUR does not appear to have a detrimental effect on the kidneys. However there is an association of VUR with urinary tract infection and acquired renal parenchymal defects (scarring). The parenchymal abnormalities detected on imaging, often termed reflux nephropathy, may be as a result of reflux-associated dysplasia or acquired renal scarring or both. It is difficult to distinguish between the two on routine imaging. Higher grades of VUR are associated with more severe reflux nephropathy. The precise role of VUR in pyelonephritis and scarring is not clear and it may be that VUR simply increases the risk of acute pyelonephritis. Whilst most VUR resolves during childhood, it is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infection and burden of acute disease. Investigation strategies vary considerably, related to uncertainties about the natural history of the condition and the effectiveness of various interventions. The long-term prognosis is chiefly related to the morbidity of reflux nephropathy leading in some cases to impairment of glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, proteinuria, and pregnancy-related conditions including hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and recurrent urinary tract infection. Management is controversial and ranges from simple observation with or without provision of rapid access to diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections; to long-term prophylactic antibiotics or various antireflux surgical procedures.
2
Kogevinas, Manolis, Jonine Figueroa, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, and Lorelei Mucci. Urinary Bladder Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676827.003.0022.
Full textAbstract:
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, resulting in 430,000 new cases in 2012, and its incidence is substantially higher in men than women. Urothelial cell carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma, is the predominant histopathologic type. Bladder cancer occupies an important place in occupational epidemiology, in which associations with occupations exposed to aromatic amines were first identified in the 1950s. It is also among the first cancers for which an infectious etiology was identified, through parasitic infection with Schistosoma haematobium, which occurs in Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. Smokers have a two- to threefold increased risk of bladder cancer, and a fivefold higher risk for heavy smokers. Specific medical conditions, including urinary stones and diabetes, are positively associated with risk. Finally, bladder cancer is one of the few examples with consistent evidence of interactions between environmental exposures and genetic polymorphisms in cancer epidemiology.
3
Ali, Ased. Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The realization of the harms resulting from indiscriminate use of antibiotics for minor infection has added impetus to the need to understand better the interaction between urogenital tract epithelium and invading bacteria during the initial stages of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is thought that uropathogenic Escherichia coli clones develop in the gut and migrate across the perineum to the urethra and up into the bladder. The response of the epithelium to bacterial adherence and the evolution of the invading bacteria will then govern the clinical consequences. These can vary between rapid invasion and further migration to produce systemic sepsis to tolerance of the bacteria in a planktonic state in asymptomatic bacteriuria. The key to these differences is the activation of epithelial pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors by expressed proteins on the bacterial cell wall. Increased understanding of these interactions will lead to non-antibiotic-based strategies for clinical management of urinary infection.
4
Goossens, Maria E., Frank Buntinx, and Maurice P. Zeegers. Bladder and upper urinary tract cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0070.
Full textAbstract:
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence. The most common histological type in Western countries is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), while in Africa, a substantial proportion of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are observed related to the prevalence of infection with Schistosoma haematobium (bilharziasis). UBC has the highest per-patient lifetime cost for cancer in terms of healthcare expenditure compared to all other types of cancer. It is more frequent in men than in women and age is now widely accepted as the greatest single risk factor for developing UBC. The median age at diagnosis is 70 years. Cigarette smoking and specific occupational exposures, such as carcinogenic dyes for painters, are the main known causes of UBC.
5
Török, M. Estée, Fiona J. Cooke, and Ed Moran. Urinary tract infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199671328.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter covers cystitis (an infection of the bladder, characterized by dysuria), acute pyelonephritis (an infection of the kidney), chronic pyelonephritis (which is a chronic diffuse interstitial inflammation), renal abscesses (such as perinephric abscess, renal corticomedullary abscess, and renal cortical abscess), catheter-associated urinary tract infections, prostatitis (including granulomatous prostatitis and prostatic abscess), epididymitis, and orchitis.
6
Bryant, Jason. Bladder Exstrophy. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0040.
Full textAbstract:
Bladder exstrophy is a rare condition in which there is an error in fetal development leaving the bladder and pelvic structure malformed. The bladder, pelvic girdle, and external genitalia are often split, requiring repair. The goals of this repair are to improve quality of life in terms of urinary continence, aesthetics, pelvic stabilization, and sexual function. This repair often requires prolonged traction and external fixation to adequately fuse the pelvic girdle. To aid in the healing and tolerance of this, a prolonged epidural catheter is often used. The pharmokinetics and risk of infection are major considerations during the prolonged use of a caudal catheter.
7
Chanmugam, Arjun S., and Gino Scalabrini. Urinary Tract Infections in Women. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0037.
Full textAbstract:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) refer to a urine culture yielding a minimum of 100 to 10,000 bacteria units/mm of urine usually from a clean catch midstream sample. This can result from infection of the lower urinary tract involving the bladder (cystitis) or an infection of the upper urinary tract involving the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Uncomplicated UTIs occur in healthy, pre-menopausal, non-pregnant women with a normal urinary tract who have a high likelihood to respond favorably to treatment, but consider local antibiotic resistance patterns. Complicated UTIs occur in women with coexisting pathology, anatomical abnormality, underlying comorbidity, or immunocompromise. Untreated UTIs can progress to pyelonephritis and urosepsis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria for pregnant women can progress very quickly; pyelonephritis carries increased risk of perinatal and neonatal mortality. Pregnant patients should be treated with cephalexin, amoxicillin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (avoiding fluoroquinolones).
8
Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy, and Jo Wells. Genitourinary problems. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on the anatomy and physiology of the bladder and micturition. It covers bladder wall, sphincter active urethra, nerve supply, bladder pain and its treatment, blood supply of the bladder, urinary tract infection (UTI), renal pain, ureteric colic, pelvic pain, urinary retention, ureteric obstruction, urinary incontinence, haematuria, catheterization, genitourinary fistulae, vesicoenteric fistulae, vesicovaginal fistulae, and sexual health in advanced disease.
9
Gardiner, Matthew D., and Neil R. Borley. Urology. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204755.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter begins by discussing the basic principles of renal and urinary tract physiology, before focusing on the key areas of knowledge, namely congenital urological conditions, urinary retention, lower urinary tract symptoms and disorders, urinary incontinence and neuropathic bladder, iInflammation and infection of the urinary tract, urinary tract calculi, scrotal conditions, penile conditions, renal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and testicular cancer. The chapter concludes with relevant case-based discussions.
10
Lee, Olivia T., Jennifer N. Wu, Frederick J. Meyers, and Christopher P. Evans. Genitourinary aspects of palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0084.
Full textAbstract:
Genitourinary tract diseases in the palliative care setting most commonly involve urinary tract obstruction, intractable bleeding, fistulae, and bladder-associated pain. Sources of obstruction in the lower urinary tract include benign prostatic hyperplasia, invasive prostate or bladder cancer, urethral stricture, or bladder neck contracture. Upper tract obstruction includes intraluminal or extraluminal blockage of the renal collecting system and ureters, such as transitional cell carcinoma, fibroepithelial polyps, stricture, stones, pelvic or retroperitoneal malignancy, fibrosis, or prior radiation. Untreated, obstructive uropathy leads to elevated bladder, ureter, and kidney pressures, bladder dysfunction, urolithiasis, renal failure, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis. Intractable haematuria can cause problematic anaemia, frequent transfusions, clot retention, haemorrhagic shock, and death. In addition, urinary tract fistulae such as vesicovaginal and vesicoenteric fistulae are common in patients who have had prior pelvic surgery or radiation especially in the setting of immunocompromise, poor nutrition, and infection. Untreated, these symptoms lead to rash, skin breakdown, ulcers, chronic infection, and sepsis. Lastly, pelvic and bladder pain, depending on aetiology can be treated with oral medications, intravesical therapies, or surgical therapies such as palliative resection or urinary diversion. Selection of tests and treatment modalities in the palliative care setting should be based on using the least invasive means to achieve the most relief in suffering. Some genitourinary conditions are potentially fatal, and in the acute or subacute setting, require re-evaluation of the end-of-life goals and wishes of the patient and family.
Book chapters on the topic "Urinary bladder infection – Rats"
1
Barthold, Stephen W. "Trichosomoides crassicauda Infection, Urinary Bladder, Rat." In Urinary System, 379–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96956-0_51.
Full text
2
Barthold, Stephen W. "Trichosomoides crassicauda Infection, Urinary Bladder, Rat." In Urinary System, 463–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80335-2_49.
Full text
3
Hayes, Byron W., and Soman N. Abraham. "Innate Immune Responses to Bladder Infection." In Urinary Tract Infections, 555–64. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817404.ch22.
Full text
4
Varma, R. R., J. W. Schenck, and A. Goswami. "Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Syndrome Due to Urinary Bladder Distention and Infection." In Hepatic Encephalopathy, 135–40. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4506-3_9.
Full text
5
Schlager, Theresa A., Susan Anderson, Julie Trudell, and J. Owen Hendley. "Nitrofurantoin Prophylaxis for Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Children with Neurogenic Bladder on Intermittent Catheterization." In Spina Bifida, 440–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68373-5_100.
Full text
6
Nzakizwanayo, Jonathan, Harriet Pelling, Scarlet Milo, and Brian V. Jones. "An In Vitro Bladder Model for Studying Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection and Associated Analysis of Biofilms." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 139–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9601-8_14.
Full text
7
Meddings, Jennifer, Vineet Chopra, and Sanjay Saint. "Toward Sustainability." In Preventing Hospital Infections, 131–40. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197509159.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
After the formal initiative is finished, the project team continues working to secure and perpetuate the progress made in reducing Foley usage and institutionalizing the bladder bundle checklist. Members put into effect plans formulated during the initiative’s early days. The evaluation of catheter use and of infection rates goes on, though the data collection intervals are farther apart. Successes are promoted throughout the hospital, a reminder that the initiative continues. A major mission is to identify backsliders and realign them. Because of the possibility that champions will leave the hospital or be reassigned, current champions are urged to develop their replacements. The team makes sure that the orientation process for new arrivals to the hospital includes prevention information related to catheter-associated urinary tract infection and the hospital’s protocols concerning Foley insertion and removal.
8
Lane, Giulia I., Colby A. Dixon, M. Louis Moy, and Cynthia S. Fok. "A Midurethral Sling to Reduce Incontinence After Vaginal Prolapse Repair." In 50 Studies Every Urologist Should Know, 227–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655341.003.0040.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter summarizes the results of the Outcomes Following Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling (OPUS) trial, in which women without stress urinary incontinence undergoing prolapse surgery were randomized to a midurethral sling or no concomitant midurethral sling. The OPUS trial found that women randomized to undergo prophylactic concomitant midurethral sling at the time of transvaginal repair for pelvic organ prolapse had lower rates of urinary incontinence at 3 and 12 months but also experienced higher rates of adverse events such as bladder perforation, major bleeding, and urinary tract infections.
9
Schott, Harold C. "Urinary Tract Infection and Bladder Displacement." In Robinson's Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, 448–50. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-4555-5.00106-0.
Full text
10
II, H. "Urinary Tract Infection and Bladder Displacement." In Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, 837–39. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7216-9540-2.50229-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urinary bladder infection – Rats"
1
Zhao, X. Y., P. Shi, Y. H. Sun, and N. Lan. "Reflex activities of the urinary bladder in intact and spinally transected rats with bladder filling and sacral neuromodulation." In 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2012.6211591.
Full text
2
Toyoda, Takeshi, Young-Man Cho, Jun-ichi Akagi, Yasuko Mizuta, and Kumiko Ogawa. "Abstract 4580: Expression of γH2AX as a biomarker of genotoxic carcinogen in the urinary bladder of rats." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4580.
Full text
3
Lu, Yan, Pengyuan Liu, Clinton Grubbs, Ronald Lubet, and Ming You. "Abstract 818: Modulation of gene expression and cell cycle signaling pathways in Iressa-treated urinary bladder cancer in rats." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-818.
Full text
4
Wei, Min, Shotaro Yamano, Naomi Ishii, Anna Kakehashi, Yumi Obo, and Hideki Wanibuchi. "Abstract 3237: Establishment of a new invasive urinary bladder cancer model using human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene transgenic rats." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3237.
Full text
5
Mekki, Yosra M., Mohamed M. Mekki, Mohamed Hamammi, and Susu Zughaier. "Virtual Reality Module Depicting Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection as Educational Tool to Reduce Antibiotic Resistant Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0250.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are used as simulation models in student-patient interactive medical education and shown to enhance learning outcomes. The rise in global burden of infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance world-wide prompt immediate action to combat this emerging threat. Catheter associated urinary infections (CAUTI) are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. The aim of this research is to develop a virtual reality (VR) based educational tool depicting the process of CAUTI caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. The VR-CAUTI module is designed to provide insights to health care providers and community which help in reducing the burden of antibiotic resistant infections. Material and methods: The VRCAUTI module is designed using tools including Blender, Cinema4D and Unity to create a scientifically accurate first-person interactive movie. The users are launched inside a human bladder that needs to be drained. They can witness the insertion of a medical catheter into the bladder to drain the urine. Bacteria adhere to the catheter to establish colonization and infection. An interaction between antibiotic molecules and bacteria in the biofilm is observed later. After designing the 3D models, a highlight of the interaction between models, taken from the storyboard, is used to determine the necessary animation. Moreover, dialogue that facilitates the understanding of infections and antibiotic resistance is recorded. This is followed by the assembly of the module on Unity, and enrichments such as lights and orientation. Results and conclusion: This VRCAUTI module is the proof-of-concept for designing detailed VR based scientifically very accurate medical simulation that could be used in medical education to maximize learning outcomes. VR based modules that have the potential to transform and revolutionize learning experience and render medical education compatible with the IoT in the current 4th industrial revolution.
6
Takaddus, Ahmed Tasnub, Prashanta Gautam, and Abhilash J. Chandy. "Numerical Simulations of Peristalsis in Unobstructed Human Ureters." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65999.
Full textAbstract:
Urine is transported from the kidney to the urinary bladder through the ureter by peristalsis and pressure gradients. The contractile force acting on the ureter wall has drawn considerable interest in the field of biomechanics. Backflow of urine from bladder to the kidney can occur due to failure of the ureterovesical (ureteral-bladder) junction or blockage in the ureter passage because of recurrent urinary tract infection and also due to formation of stone in kidney. To understand the nature of the flow as well as its effect on the ureter wall, two-way fluid-solid interaction (FSI) modeling of the ureter peristaltic flow at different pressure is required. A transient 2D axisymmetric numerical calculation of ureteral wall peristalsis and urine flow is performed with a fully-coupled monolithic solver using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The ureter is assumed to be a circular tube with successive compression waves traveling downstream. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved to calculate the laminar flow of urine. The ureter wall is modeled as a non-linear hyper-elastic, nearly incompressible material, by curve fitting the biaxial test data of a human ureter, obtained from literature. Displacement due to peristalsis on ureteral wall is created with a compressive force having a Gaussian bell-curve variation along the length of the ureter, and a certain wavelength specified according to the data found from previous studies. It is observed that, as the compression wave travels from the abdominal part of the ureter towards to the pelvis, it is more likely for urine reflux to occur due to the failure of the ureteropelvic junction rather than the ureterovesical junction.