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Journal articles on the topic 'Urinary bladder neoplasia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Shah, Anita, Manglesh Srivastava, Ashok Samdurkar, and Ghanshyam Sigdel. "Spectrum of Lesions in Urinary Bladder- A Histopathological Study." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v6i2.22473.

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Introduction: The lesions of urinary bladder both non-neoplastic and neoplastic pose a common source of both morbidity and mortality. An accurate diagnosis of these lesions requires cystoscopy which allows a direct visualization of the bladder mucosa and biopsies of suspected lesions. Urinary bladder cancer is sixth most common cancer worldwide and represents a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. The current study aimed to study the different bladder lesions and its clinical features to detect it in early stage and as a mainstay option in the diagnosis and follow up. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective analysis of biopsies of urinary bladder submitted to the department of pathology over a period of 12 months. The study was approved by the institutional review board of the Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS-TH). All the urinary bladder biopsies received in the department were included in the study whereas autolysis of specimen and inadequate biopsies were excluded. Results: Among the 36 cases of urinary bladder lesions, the majority (35.36%) were in age group 61-70 years (22.33%). The patients had combination of lower urinary tract symptoms, the commonest being hematuria. 30.55% had non-neoplastic lesions and 69.55% had neoplastic lesion. Among non- neoplastic cases, 5.55% had chronic granulomatous inflammation. Most common neoplastic lesions was infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (n=6) followed by non- invasive urothelial neoplasia (n=5). Conclusion: A variety of lesions occur in urinary bladder and is commonly encountered by pathologist. Hematuria was commonest symptom and the clinicians investigated these patients further, which led to discovery of the urothelial tumors. Identification of these patients has an important impact on prognosis as well as on therapeutic approach.

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Griffin, Maureen, William Culp, and Robert Rebhun. "Lower Urinary Tract Neoplasia." Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 4 (2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040096.

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Lower urinary tract neoplasia in companion animals is a debilitating and often life-threatening disease. Tumors of the bladder, urethra, and prostate often occur independently, although extension of these tumors into adjacent regions of the lower urinary tract is documented frequently. The most common lower urinary tract tumor in dogs and cats is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In both dogs and cats, TCC affecting the urinary bladder is generally considered to be highly aggressive with both local and metastatic disease potential, and this disease poses unique treatment challenges. Whereas much literature exists regarding the TCC disease process, treatment options, and prognosis in dogs, relatively few studies on feline TCC have been published due to the lower incidence of TCC in this species. Prostate tumors, most commonly adenocarcinomas, occur less commonly in dogs and cats but serve an important role as a comparative model for prostate neoplasia in humans. This article serves as a review of the current information regarding canine and feline lower urinary tract neoplasia as well as the relevance of these diseases with respect to their human counterparts.

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Pini, Giacomo Maria, Silvia Uccella, Matteo Corinti, Maurizio Colecchia, Giuseppe Pelosi, and Carlo Patriarca. "Primary MiNEN of the urinary bladder: an hitherto undescribed entity composed of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with a distinct clinical behavior." Virchows Archiv 479, no. 1 (2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-021-03023-7.

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AbstractNeuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the urinary bladder are very rare and can be observed in the context of mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), most frequently in association with urothelial carcinoma. Small cell NECs are far more common than large cell NECs (LCNECs), which are exceedingly rare. We describe a primary MiNEN of the urinary bladder, composed of a LCNEC and of an adenocarcinoma, in which the neuroendocrine component reached complete pathological regression after neoadjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy, whereas the non-neuroendocrine component of the tumor progressed to metastatic disease. Compared to mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms described in the literature until now, this appears to be a unique case that expands the spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasia of the urinary bladder.

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HARTVEIT, FLORA, B. O. MAEHLE, and S. THUNOLD. "Koilocytosis in Neoplasia of the Urinary Bladder." British Journal of Urology 69, no. 1 (1992): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15457.x.

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Ferrante, Bruno, Carina Outi Baroni, Caterina Muramoto, Igor Almeida Dos Santos, Hock Gan Heng, and Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca Pinto. "Post Mortem Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Findings of an Extraluminal Urinary Bladder Leiomyoma in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45 (June 27, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86231.

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Background: Neoplasia of the urinary bladder is common in dogs, accounting approximately 0.5 to 1.0 percent of all neoplasms. Most of the neoplasia of the urinary bladder is epithelial in origin and only 10% of urinary bladder neoplasms in dogs are from mesenchymal origin, of which the most frequent types are leiomyoma / leiomyosarcoma, and hemangioma / hemangiosarcoma. Virtual autopsy refers to the postmortem use of radiology, ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging prior to conventional necropsy. This paper reports the detection of a rare extra-luminal urinary bladder mass diagnosed as leiomyoma with a virtual autopsy techniques.Case: A 16-year-old male Schnauzer had previous history of seizure and no complains related to the urinary system. The animal was treated symptomatically to the neurological signs and responded to medical treatment. Nine weeks later from the first visit to the hospital the dog was found dead at home. Then postmortem ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen were performed. Postmortem ultrasound revealed a homogenously hypoechoic, rounded and slightly irregularly marginated mass located externally but adjacent to the left cranial wall of the urinary bladder and appears to extend from its serosal margins. Postmortem computed tomography was performed after postmortem ultrasound. A pedunculated homogenous soft tissue attenuating mass was located at the left lateral aspect of the urinary bladder and extended cranially. It had a stalk that connected to the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. A partial necropsy of the abdomen was done just to examine the mass. A round extraluminal, pedunculated mass was observed at the left lateral aspect of the urinary bladder wall. It was pale pink on the outside and white inside, with a soft to firm consistency. The lumen and mucosal surface of the urinary bladder was smooth and regular. The histology of the mass revealed a densely cellular neoplastic proliferation, expansive, composed of spindle-shaped cells with moderate to large eosinophilic cytoplasm, sometimes wavy and with indistinct edges. The nuclei were large, oval to flattened, with dense chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Anisocytosis and anisokariosis were discrete and no mitotic figures were observed. The arrangement consisted of dense, irregular and multidirectional bundles and the stroma was scarce. The mass was histologically confirmed as leiomyoma.Discussion: In this case, we performed postmortem ultrasound and computed tomography as part of a virtual necropsy study and in both modalities the urinary bladder mass was able to be identified, followed by a partial necropsy to further investigate the nature of the mass and to collect a sample to obtain the histological diagnosis. A few of the disadvantages of the postmortem ultrasound and computed tomography specially in this case were the lack of color Doppler investigation on ultrasound and the lack of evaluation of the patter of contrast enhancement on computed tomography. These techniques could have added important information related to the vascularity characteristics of the mass in a live patient. This is the first case report in veterinary medicine that describes an extra-luminal pedunculated urinary bladder leiomyoma in a canine patient, and it is emphasized the approach by postmortem ultrasound, postmortem computed tomography and conventional necropsy findings to reach the definitive diagnosis.

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Damjanov, Ivan, and Mileta Golubovic. "Histopathology of urinary bladder carcinoma: Less common variants." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 139, no. 9-10 (2011): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1110693d.

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Bladder cancer is a common form of neoplasia which most often presents histologically as urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma. In this article we review recent publications dealing with the less common variants of urothelial carcinoma such as tumours that show unusual forms of differentiation or the well know squamous, glandular, or sarcomatoid differentiation. Urothelial tumours may also show several distinct growth variants characterized by a nested, micropapillary, lymphoepithelioma-like, or plasmacytoid and giant cell growth pattern. The clinical course of bladder cancer varies depending on the histological type of neoplasia, grade and stage of the tumour. High-grade muscle-invasive urothelial cancers and tumours showing variant microscopic morphology have in general high mortality and poor prognosis.

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Jones, Emily, John Alawneh, Mary Thompson, and Rachel Allavena. "Association between case signalment and disease diagnosis in urinary bladder disease in Australian cats and dogs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 33, no. 3 (2021): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10406387211004008.

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Urinary bladder diseases are common in dogs and cats; however, there is little published work on urinary bladder disease in Australian pets. We identified pathology records of Australian dogs and cats with urinary bladder tissue submitted to the University of Queensland Veterinary Laboratory Service during 1994–2016 ( n = 320). We described the proportion of bladder diseases in dogs and cats, and applied the less-commonly used logistic regression procedure to quantify associations between signalment variables and disease diagnosis that were evident using descriptive statistics alone. After preliminary analysis, both species were combined because of similar results. Spayed/castrated animals were 74% less likely to be diagnosed with cystitis compared with intact animals. Animals 4–11 y old were also at lower risk of being diagnosed with cystitis compared with younger or older animals. Male animals were at increased risk of neoplasia compared to females, which contrasts with reports from North America and Europe. There was increased risk for developing neoplasia with progressive age, with up to 20 times higher odds in the > 11-y age group. Logistic regression modeling provided unique insight into proportionate morbidity of urinary bladder diseases in Australian dogs and cats.

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Dalal, Niti, Sonia Chhabra, Gourav Tehri, Hemant Kamal, Monika Gupta, and Rajeev Sen. "Evaluation of bladder washings cytology in diagnosis of neoplasms of urinary bladder." IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.achr.2022.005.

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Urinary cytology functions as the primary screening and surveillance modality for the detection of urothelial neoplasia. To determine the significance of urinary bladder wash cytology in predicting various grades of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder along with their histological confirmation. The prospective study was conducted in Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of thirty-one urinary bladder washing samples (processed by Conventional method, Cytospin and Liquid based cytology) were taken prior to biopsy from clinically suspected patients of urinary bladder neoplasm. The cytological examination of bladder washings was reported according to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology and Bladder biopsies were reported according to WHO/ISUP grading of Urothelial Tumors 2004. All the data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy among three techniques of processing bladder washings. Correlations of cytological diagnosis on bladder wash specimens with histopathological diagnosis were statistically significant and shared good agreement. A negative bladder wash cytology coupled with a negative cystoscopy is quite specific. A diagnosis of positive or suspicious bladder wash should be thoroughly investigated and followed closely. The Paris System is easy, reproducible, consistent ad has good histopathological correlation.

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da Luz Ferro, Sayonara, Ewerton Cardoso, Fernanda Jönck, Marta Cristina Thomas Heckler, Bruna Warmlin, and Mateus Rychescki. "Urinary bladder rupture due to hemangioma in a dog – case report." Clínica Veterinária XXIII, no. 132 (2018): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2018.xxiii.n.132.p.56-64.

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Hemangioma is a benign, noninvasive and non-metastatic neoplasm originating from endothelial cells of the blood vessels. The involvement of the urinary vesicle with neoplasias occurs in less than 0.5% of dogs. The main clinical signs are hematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria, incontinence and urinary obstruction. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests and is confirmed by histopathological examination. The treatment of choice is surgical resection with safety margins. This paper reports the case of a twelve-year-old Poodle with a history of abdominal pain, which was attended at the Florianópolis Veterinary Hospital. Abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of free fluid. During exploratory laparotomy, the urinary vesicle was observed to be ruptured, presenting a thickened wall and small areas of necrosis. A sample was sent for histopathological analysis and the diagnosis was of benign vascular neoplasia compatible with hemangioma.

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Silver, Susan A., and Jonathan I. Epstein. "Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Simulating Primary Urinary Bladder Neoplasia." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 17, no. 2 (1993): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199302000-00008.

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Maheshwari, Saurabh, Venkatraman Bhat, Karthik Gadabanahalli, Nalini Raju, and Prashant Kulkarni. "Endosalpingiosis of urinary bladder: report on a rare entity." BJR|case reports 6, no. 3 (2020): 20190129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjrcr.20190129.

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A case of endosalpingiosis of the urinary bladder is presented with imaging features on sonography and CT. Patient presented with right flank pain, dysuria and haematuria. She had h/o right renal calculus and abdominal hysterectomy 15 years ago. On sonography a polypoidal filling defect was noted and possibility of a bladder neoplasia was suggested. On cystoscopy and removal of the lesion and subsequent histo-pathological analysis revealed the diagnosis of endosalphingiosis. This report emphasizes the need for evaluation of all clinical inputs while considering the differential diagnosis of an intraluminal bladder lesion. Imaging appearance and aetio-pathology of the rare intra vesical lesion is highlighted.

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BRYANT, P., J. SKELLY, and D. WILSON. "Demonstration of Papillomavirus Structural Antigen in Human Urinary Bladder Neoplasia." British Journal of Urology 60, no. 5 (1987): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1987.tb05003.x.

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Barrand, K. R. "Rectal prolapse associated with urinary bladder neoplasia in a cat." Journal of Small Animal Practice 40, no. 5 (1999): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1999.tb03065.x.

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Colli Neto, José Alexandre, José Hélio Zen Júnior, André Del Negro, Nelson Adami Andreollo, Marina Rachel Araujo, and Alfio José Tincani. "Tobacco experimental model to induce urinary bladder neoplasms." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 41, no. 1 (2014): 056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912014000100011.

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OBJECTIVE: to develop an experimental model of exposure to tobacco burning (cigarette) products to assess the effects of its chronic use in relation to cancers of the bladder. METHODS: the animals were chronically exposed to the burning tobacco products in a semi-open chamber to simulate smoking. Thirty young Wistar rats were divided into two groups: one with 20 animals simulating smoking for six months, and ten not exposed control animals for the same period. After exposure by inhalation of cigarette smoke, animals were euthanized and subjected to histopathological study of the bladder wall. RESULTS: no tumor was found but mild and non significant alterations. The studies of hemo-oximetry (carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin) and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) confirm that the animals were exposed to high concentrations of tobacco smoke and its derivatives. CONCLUSION: no bladder mucosal neoplasia was found in the pathological study of animals. The developed experimental models were highly efficient, practical and easy to use and can be used in other similar studies to determine the harmful effects caused by smoking.

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Jones, Emily, John Alawneh, Mary Thompson, Chiara Palmieri, Karen Jackson, and Rachel Allavena. "Predicting Diagnosis of Australian Canine and Feline Urinary Bladder Disease Based on Histologic Features." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4 (2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040190.

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Anatomic pathology is a vital component of veterinary medicine but as a primarily subjective qualitative or semiquantitative discipline, it is at risk of cognitive biases. Logistic regression is a statistical technique used to explain relationships between data categories and outcomes and is increasingly being applied in medicine for predicting disease probability based on medical and patient variables. Our aims were to evaluate histologic features of canine and feline bladder diseases and explore the utility of logistic regression modeling in identifying associations in veterinary histopathology, then formulate a predictive disease model using urinary bladder as a pilot tissue. The histologic features of 267 canine and 71 feline bladder samples were evaluated, and a logistic regression model was developed to identify associations between the bladder disease diagnosed, and both patient and histologic variables. There were 102 cases of cystitis, 84 neoplasia, 42 urolithiasis and 63 normal bladders. Logistic regression modeling identified six variables that were significantly associated with disease outcome: species, urothelial ulceration, urothelial inflammation, submucosal lymphoid aggregates, neutrophilic submucosal inflammation, and moderate submucosal hemorrhage. This study demonstrated that logistic regression modeling could provide a more objective approach to veterinary histopathology and has opened the door toward predictive disease modeling based on histologic variables.

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Wang, Gang, and Jesse K. McKenney. "Urinary Bladder Pathology: World Health Organization Classification and American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Update." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 5 (2018): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0539-ra.

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Context.— Since the publication of the previous World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours on the Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs in 2004, significant new knowledge has been generated regarding the pathology and genetics of bladder neoplasia. Publication of the 2016 WHO “Blue Book” has codified that new data into updated recommendations for classification and prognostication. Similarly, the recent release of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual, which was implemented in January 2018, has also addressed staging criteria for bladder cancer in several unique settings to clarify their application. Objective.— To highlight subtle changes within the recent WHO and AJCC publications that may affect daily surgical pathology practice. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed published literature, the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs, and the 8th edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual were reviewed. Conclusions.— Selected changes and/or clarifications are discussed and include classification of flat and papillary urothelial neoplasia, select variant patterns of invasive urothelial carcinoma, staging of invasive carcinoma in bladder diverticula, and staging of carcinomas involving the prostate gland.

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HENG, HOCK GAN, JENNIFER E. LOWRY, SARAH BOSTON, CARLA GABEL, NICOLE EHRHART, and SILVIA M. STOCKER GULDEN. "SMOOTH MUSCLE NEOPLASIA OF THE URINARY BLADDER WALL IN THREE DOGS." Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound 47, no. 1 (2006): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00110.x.

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Hodges, G. M., and C. Rowlatt. "Potential markers of cellular differentiation and neoplasia in the urinary bladder." European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 23, no. 11 (1987): 1760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(87)90581-5.

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Agato, Albert, Victor Yullius, and Heru Heru. "Studi kasus : Cystitis pada kucing tom di k and p clinic Surabaya." VITEK : Bidang Kedokteran Hewan 12, no. 2 (2022): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jv.v12i2.115.

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Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder which is common in domestic animals as part of a urinary tract infection. Clinical symptoms of cystitis are lower abdominal pain on palpation, dysuria (animals show signs of pain on every attempt to urinate) and hematuria. The diagnosis of cystitis can be obtained through anamnesis, abdominal palpation, physical examination, clinical symptoms, urinalysis with sediment examination, blood chemistry examinations such as urea and creatinine levels, urine culture, uroendoscopy and ultrasound examination and radiography. stated that a biopsy can also be performed to differentiate cystitis from other diseases such as neoplasia. Blood test results show low platelets or platelets / anemia, thrombocytopenia. The results of the ultrasound examination showed a thickening of the walls of the VU

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Romagnoli, Stefano, Alice Diana, Lluis Ferré-Dolcet, Christelle Fontaine, and Chiara Milani. "Chronic Use of Deslorelin in Dogs: Six Cases (2005–2022)." Animals 13, no. 2 (2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020265.

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Deslorelin is currently registered for the induction of temporary infertility in male dogs, male cats, male ferrets, and also prepubertal female dogs, but research has shown its usefulness for other conditions requiring chronic treatment. This paper presents six cases of dogs chronically treated with deslorelin for indications such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, control of fertility, abnormal reproductive behavior and urinary incontinence. All animals were in good health during treatment. Treatment duration was 2–9 years. No short-term side effects were observed except for flare-up reactions, which were observed only in 1/4 intact males. Two dogs developed a neoplasia: a spayed bitch treated for urinary incontinence developed a pituitary carcinoma, and an intact male dog implanted for control of fertility developed a bladder carcinoma. While the pituitary carcinoma seems unlikely to be related to deslorelin, the bladder carcinoma could be due to the neutered condition of the dog (which was treated for 9 years) as urinary tract neoplasia is more common in dogs following gonadectomy. Chronic treatment with deslorelin is regarded as safe when an animal is being treated for life. The possibility that a pause in the treatment might be helpful for the animal should be investigated.

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Mascarenhas, Andreia, and Isabel Castro. "A rare case of hematuria." Einstein (São Paulo) 9, no. 1 (2011): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082011rc1946.

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ABSTRACT The infestation by Schistosoma haematobium is common in African countries and West Asia. Its chronic phase is characterized by the deposition of eggs of the parasite in various tissues of the body causing inflammatory response, formation of granulomas and fibrosis. The disease often affects the urinary tract, presenting with hematuria and, in the terminal stage, renal failure by urinary obstruction and bladder squamous neoplasia. Since chronic infection can lead to significant morbidity, it is imperative that the physicians who serve this immigrant population become familiar with this disease. A case of an immigrant boy from Guinea-Bissau seen in a Nephrology appointment for monosymptomatic terminal hematuria is presented. The diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis was confirmed by parasitological examination of urine and the pathological examination of bladder biopsies. After therapy with praziquantel, the patient became asymptomatic.

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Gulinac, Milena, Dorian Dikov, and Ts Velikova. "Epidemiological and Morphological Characteristics of Urothelial Bladder Cancer in a Bulgarian and a French Sample of Patients." American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 6, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v6i1.547.

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Bladder carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system in developed countries, and it is also characterized by a high number of recurrences and progression rates despite multimodal treatment. BC is a biological and clinically heterogeneous tumor with a great propensity of divergent differentiation. Around the world, bladder cancer is responsible for 549.000 new cases и 200.000 deaths each year. In Bulgaria, bladder carcinoma is the 18th most common neoplasia. Our results on 105 proven bladder carcinoma cases confirmed that this tumor arises at 70 years at average (60-90 years), it affects men predominantly and there was no difference regarding the nationality of patients. In conclusion, it remains a diagnostic challenge.

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Häußler, Thomas C., Cetina Thiel, Andreas Fischer, and Martin Kramer. "Inadvertent iatrogenic prostatectomy and urethrectomy in 2 dogs." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 47, no. 04 (2019): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0948-7713.

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AbstractTwo dogs were referred because of dysuria following inadvertent iatrogenic total prostatectomy and urethrectomy. In both cases an existing perineal hernia was not recognized by the referring veterinarians and the caudally herniated prostate gland was diagnosed as a perianal neoplasia and subsequently removed. Both dogs were treated with isolation of the urinary bladder from the urethra and a permanent prepubic cystostomy tube.

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Marte, Antonio, Paolo Indolfi, Carmine Ficociello, et al. "Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Bladder Tumor in a Patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome." Case Reports in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/675059.

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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm described in several tissues and organs including genitourinary system, lung, head, and neck. The etiology of IMT is contentious, and whether it is a postinflammatory process or a true neoplasm remains controversial. To our knowledge, we report the first reported case of IMT of urinary bladder in a pediatric patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn (WHS). We also review the literature about patients with associated neoplasia.

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Long, Gerald G., Vincent L. Reynolds, L. Wayne Dochterman та Thomas E. Ryan. "Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Changes in F-344 Rats Treated with Naveglitazar, a γ-Dominant PPAR α/γ Agonist". Toxicologic Pathology 37, № 6 (2009): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623309343775.

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The carcinogenic potential of naveglitazar, a γ-dominant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ dual agonist, was evaluated in a two-year study in F344 rats (0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg, males; 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg, females). Increased mortality in male rats of the high-dose group was related to cardiac-associated lesions, neoplasms, and undetermined causes. Degeneration and hypertrophy of the myocardium occurred with dose-responsive increased incidence and severity. Neoplasms with increased incidence included sarcomas in male rats and urinary bladder neoplasms in female rats. Most sarcomas in male rats occurred in the adipose tissue of the subcutis and were diagnosed as fibrosarcomas, with fewer liposarcomas and other histologic types. Non-neoplastic changes in adipose tissue included expansion of adipose tissue in multiple sites, alterations in cytoplasmic vesicular pattern in brown and white fat, increases in stroma and mesenchymal cells, and fibrosis. The severity of chronic progressive nephropathy was decreased in a dose-responsive manner in males, and hyperplasia and neoplasia of the mammary gland were decreased in incidence in females. The adverse effects of cardiotoxicity and increased incidence of neoplasms occurred with dose-responsive incidence and/or severity, and a no-effect level for these effects was not achieved in this study.

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Silveira, B. C., A. P. Ribeiro, L. D. Lourenço, et al. "Chronic osteomyelitis in canine penile bone: case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 2 (2020): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10917.

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ABSTRACT A 10-year-old male mixed-breed dog was admitted for recurrent signs of urinary tract infection (UTI). Urinary bladder ultrasonography revealed decreased thickness of its wall with floating hyperopic particles within its lumen. Ultrasonography revealed a structure invading the dorsal wall of the penile urethral lumen, located in a segment distal to the bladder. Radiographies showed bone resorption with proliferation at the caudal aspect of the penile bone, stricture of the final aspect of the penile urethra, and no radiopaque images compatible with a urethrolith. Computed tomography showed bone proliferation causing stricture of the urethral lumen at two different sites. Presumptive diagnosis of penile neoplasia was considered more likely and the dog underwent penectomy along with orchiectomy and scrotal urethrostomy. Enterobacter spp. was cultured from the urine sample and antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that the bacterium was susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem. Histopathology revealed severe suppurative urethritis, bone resorption, and hyperostosis, suggestive of osteomyelitis of the penile bone. Neoplastic cells were not observed at any part of the examined tissue. The findings in the present case suggest that osteomyelitis of the penile bone should be included in differential diagnosis for partial and complete urethral obstruction in dogs with recurrent UTI.

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Nasir, Sadia, Eunice Lau, James MacFarlane, et al. "RF19 | PSUN367 Urinary bladder Paragangliomas – A Case series." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.967.

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Abstract Introduction Paragangliomas (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours and account for approximately 10% of all chromaffin tumours. They may occur in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, skull and the urinary bladder. Paragangliomas of the urinary bladder are rare entities accounting for 10% of all paragangliomas and 0.06% of all bladder tumours. Approximately 10% of urinary bladder paragangliomas are malignant. Bladder paragangliomas can be either functional or non-functional. Main symptoms of functional PGLs are due to catecholamine excess with palpitations, paroxysmal hypertension during micturition, sweating and headaches. Functional bladder PGL are diagnosed on biochemical analysis. Non-functional bladder PGLs present with haematuria and are often misdiagnosed as bladder cancer as they may cystoscopically and histologically resemble a urothelial neoplasm. Clinical cases: We present a case series of 4 surgically treated patients with urinary bladder paragangliomas who presented to Cambridge University Hospital over the last 3 years. All patients were female with an age range between 21 and 44 years. All four patients had SDHB deficient tumours, and all four patients were diagnosed with a pathogenic variant in the SDHB gene. Three patients had no family history of SDHx associated neoplasia whereas one had a paternal aunt who died from a metastatic pheochromocytoma. Three patients had presented with palpitations and hypertensive episodes, one of whom experienced symptoms while micturating. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated plasma normetadrenaline levels in all patients. On presentations, one patient had a synchronous paratracheal paraganglioma while two patients had lymph node metastasis. All patients were surgically treated with two patients undergoing fertility preserving cystectomy and bladder substitution, one undergoing partial cystectomy, radical hysterectomy and ureteric implantation and one managed with robot-assisted partial cystectomy. None of the patients have evidence of biochemical or radiological tumour recurrence on follow-up with a mean follow-up time of 23 months (range 12 to 40 months). Conclusion and points for discussion The diagnosis of urinary bladder PGL is challenging. Biochemical assessment to assess catecholamine production and imaging studies like CT, MRI and NM Ga68 DOTATATE PET CT are helpful modalities in diagnosis. Patients presenting with extra adrenal paragangliomas including bladder paragangliomas require genetic testing because of the strong hereditary predisposition, with mutations in the SDHx genes being most common with this clinical phenotype. The surgical approach should be tailored to the individual patient, agreed by a multi-disciplinary team and the risk of malignancy should be weighed against the potential morbidity associated with a curative oncological surgery. As urinary bladder PGLs have malignant potential and are frequently hereditary (as demonstrated in this series), lifelong follow-up is required to screen for synchronous tumours and tumour recurrence. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:42 p.m. - 12:47 p.m.

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Stone, E. A., T. F. George, S. D. Gilson, and R. L. Page. "Partial cystectomy for urinary bladder neoplasia: surgical technique and outcome in 11 dogs." Journal of Small Animal Practice 37, no. 10 (1996): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996.tb01745.x.

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Greci, Valentina, Paola M. Rocchi, Antonio F. Sontuoso, Daniela Olivero, Angelo Capasso, and Vera Raiano. "Primary fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a cat: follow-up after incomplete surgical excision." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 3, no. 1 (2017): 205511691771488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116917714881.

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Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with haematuria of 2 months’ duration followed by pollakiuria and stranguria. A firm, non-painful mass in the urinary bladder was palpated. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound were suggestive of a urinary neoplasia. During explorative laparotomy, a partial cystectomy and surgical debulking were performed. Histopathology and immunostaining were consistent with a fibrosarcoma. The cat was discharged 10 days after surgery with a residual mass of about 1.8 cm on ultrasound re-examination. The cat was not given adjuvant therapy. The cat was euthanased 8 months after surgery because of tumour invasion of the urinary trigone and subsequent ureter dilation, hydronephrosis and severe azotaemia. Relevance and novel information Malignant urinary fibrosarcoma in this cat appeared to be only locally invasive. Palliative surgery without adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy in this cat resulted in an 8 month period of good quality of life.

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Merlin, F., M. Riolfi, T. Sava, et al. "Upper urinary tract cancer: Prognostic factors for bladder tumours development and systemic relapse." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 14560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14560.

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14560 Background: Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the renal pelvis and ureter are relatively uncommon. An important characteristic of TCC is multifocality throughout the all urinary tract simultaneously and/or subsequently. To clarify the association between UTTCC and bladder tumors, we retrospectively analysed 86 patients with UTTCC in order to evaluate prognostic factors for recurrence and to identify risk factors for development of bladder cancers. Methods: All 86 upper tract transitional cell carcinoma patients (pts) were treated surgically between January 1988 and July 2005. Median age was 69 years (range: 34–91). We observed a male predominance (71%) and 78% of patients were heavy smokers. Forty-five (52.3%) patients had a diagnosis of bladder transitional carcinoma. The median age of this group of patients was 70 range 40–87). In fifteen cases (17%), bladder tumour occurred first than upper tract neoplasia; in 14 patients bladder and upper tract tumours were synchronous. Results: Median survival was 97 months; 49 (57%) patients are alive and 43 are disease-free. Grading, stage T, lympho-vascular invasion and squamous differentiation were significant prognostic factors for systemic relapse (p < 0.05). Twenty-eight pts (32.5%) developed subsequent transitional bladder cancer after a median time of 12 months; multifocality of primitive tumours was significant predictive factor. Invasive UTTCC were less likely associated with bladder cancer. We observed that superficial bladder cancer developed more frequently in pts with well differentiated (G1–2) primitive cancer (90% of cases), without lympho-vascular invasion and with history of heavy smoke exposition. Conclusions: In our study, T, N and G confirmed to be the most important prognostic factors for systemic relapse. Lympho-vascular invasion highly predicts metastasis. Our analysis highlights that upper urinary tract cancers seem to have different history and different pattern of association with bladder tumours, according to specific prognostic factors. The development of recurrent superficial bladder cancer is more frequently associated with small well differentiated multifocal upper tract tumours.Therefore follow-up should be oriented according to these characteristics. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Roy, Ranjit Ranjan, Md Firoz Anjum, and Shahana Ferdous. "Obstructive Uropathy in Children – An Update." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 41, no. 2 (2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v41i2.36108.

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Obstructive nephropathy is a structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, sometimes leading to renal dysfunction. Urinary tract obstruction can result from congenital (anatomic) lesion or can be caused by trauma, neoplasia, calculi, inflammation or surgical procedures, although most childhood obstructive lesions are congenital.The clinical features in most of the patients are due to consequences of the obstruction2. Obstruction of the urinary tract generally causeshydronephrosis, which is typically asymptomatic in its early phase. Renal USG gives information about urinary tract dilatation, renal cortical thickness, calyx size, diameter of pelvis, ureter, bladder thickness, tumor & calculi and doppler USG for evaluation of aberrentvessles. Once obstructive nephropathy has been identified therapy focuses on the rapid restoration of normal urine flow either by medical or surgical intervention.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (2) :117-124

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Chaturvedi, Vijaya, Li Li, Sherie Hodges, et al. "Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 17 alterations in human urinary bladder neoplasia." Oncogene 14, no. 17 (1997): 2059–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1201044.

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Wisler, John A., Cynthia Afshari, Mark Fielden, et al. "Raf Inhibition Causes Extensive Multiple Tissue Hyperplasia and Urinary Bladder Neoplasia in the Rat." Toxicologic Pathology 39, no. 5 (2011): 809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623311410442.

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Vlajnic, Tatjana, André Gut, Spasenija Savic, and Lukas Bubendorf. "The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology in daily practice with emphasis on ancillary testing by multiprobe FISH." Journal of Clinical Pathology 73, no. 2 (2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206109.

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AimsThe Paris System (TPS) was introduced in the diagnostic routine with the goal to simplify and standardise diagnostic reporting of urinary cytology. The diagnostic categories of TPS are based on defined cytological criteria, with a focus on high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). While the categories ‘negative for HGUC (NHGUC)’ and ‘HGUC’ are straightforward, the categories ‘atypical urothelial cells (AUC)’ and ‘suspicious of HGUC (SHGUC)’ remain inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of TPS in daily practice with special emphasis on ancillary fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) testing in the setting of TPS categories.MethodsIn a 19-month period, TPS was prospectively applied in the routine diagnostic setting on 3900 urinary cytology cases comprising bladder and upper urinary tract washings and voided urine specimens. Additionally, we analysed the results of the FISH assay UroVysion prospectively performed on a cohort of 128 cases enriched for AUC and SHGUC categories.ResultsThe most frequently reported category was NHGUC (n=3496, 89.7%), followed by AUC (n=178, 4.6%), HGUC (n=155, 4%), SHGUC (n=61, 1.6%), low-grade urothelial neoplasia (n=6, 0.1%) and other malignancies (n=4, 0.1%). In the FISH cohort, 40/90 (44%) cases within the AUC category were FISH positive, consistent with urothelial neoplasia. In the SHGUC category, 16/21 (76%) cases were FISH positive.ConclusionsWhen prospectively applying TPS in urinary cytology, inconclusive atypia accounts only for a small subset of cases. FISH additionally improves the stratification between reactive and malignant cells in the indeterminate AUC and SHGUC categories.

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Bhangu, Gurpreet Singh, Ripudaman Singh, Darpan Bansal, and Balcharan S. Bajwa. "Etiological study of urinary bladder carcinoma in patients presenting to tertiary care centre." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205664.

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Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common invasive cancer of the urinary tract. Lately, there has been an increased incidence of urothelial neoplasia due to exposure to a wide range of potentially carcinogenic substances. Studies of involved factors led to the concept of existence of a so-called malignization terrain, which claims that individual genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to carcinogens act synergistically leading to the appearance of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Aim of the research was to find out the common etiological factors of bladder cancer in this part of India.Methods: The study included 100 patients of bladder carcinoma reporting to Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Amritsar from March 2018 to December 2019. A detailed history was taken to have the insight of various etiological factors of the disease. The data was entered in Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.Results: The most common blood group associated with CA UB was A +ve (39%) followed by B +ve (29%). 89% of the cases of CA UB were non-smokers predominantly attributed to type of patients coming to our tertiary care institute which are from a rural background (73%) and are mostly Sikhs (80%) and Sikhs are traditionally non-smokers. 80% were farmers by occupation who have exposure to pesticides, insecticides, weedicides and herbicides routinely.Conclusion: In our study majority of the patients turned out to be non-smokers and A +ve blood group in contrast to the strong predilection of smoking and bladder cancer.

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Chala, Bayissa, Min-Ho Choi, Kyung Chul Moon, Hyung Suk Kim, Cheol Kwak, and Sung-Tae Hong. "Development of Urinary Bladder Pre-Neoplasia by Schistosoma haematobium Eggs and Chemical Carcinogen in Mice." Korean Journal of Parasitology 55, no. 1 (2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.21.

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Amin, M. B., and R. H. Young. "Intraepithelial Lesions of the Urinary Bladder With a Discussion of the Histogenesis of Urothelial Neoplasia." Journal of Urology 159, no. 5 (1998): 1766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005392-199805000-00113.

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Tanaka, Eduardo Yukio, Vitor Bonadia Buonfiglio, Joao Padua Manzano, Renée Zon Filippi, and Marcus Vinicius Sadi. "Two Cases of Solitary Fibrous Tumor Involving Urinary Bladder and a Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Urology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5145789.

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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasia of mesenchymal origin, initially described in visceral pleura and lately discovered to have ubiquitous distribution. SFT of the urogenital tract is uncommon and appears to have similar morphologic features and biologic behaviors as SFTs found elsewhere. We present two new cases of SFT of the bladder and review 22 similar cases published in the literature. Due to the general indolent behavior of these lesions, a complete but organ sparing surgical excision should be considered when technically feasible. Therefore, proper identification and characterization of SFT through morphological and immunohistochemical criteria on biopsy specimens are mandatory in the differential diagnosis from other more aggressive spindle-cell tumors, thus avoiding unnecessary radical surgery.

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Stollmeier, Aline, Bernardo Augusto Rosario, Bruna Loise Mayer, Gibran Avelino Frandoloso, Francisco Luiz Gomide Mafra Magalhães, and Gustavo Lenci Marques. "Seborrheic Keratoses as the First Sign of Bladder Carcinoma: Case Report of Leser-Trélat Sign in a Rare Association with Urinary Tract Cancer." Case Reports in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4259190.

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Introduction. Skin disorders can be the first manifestation of occult diseases. The recognition of typical paraneoplastic dermatoses may anticipate the cancer diagnosis and improve its prognosis. Although rarely observed, the sudden appearance and/or rapid increase in number and size of seborrheic keratoses can be associated with malignant neoplasms, known as the sign of Leser-Trélat. The aim of this report is to unveil a case of a patient whose recently erupted seborrheic keratoses led to investigation and consequent diagnosis of bladder cancer.Case Presentation. A 67-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit due to an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). On physical examination, multiple seborrheic keratoses on the back of the hands, elbows, and trunk were observed; the patient had a 4-month history of these lesions yet was asymptomatic. The possibility of Leser-Trélat syndrome justified the investigation for neoplasia, and a bladder carcinoma was detected by CT-scan. The patient denied previous hematuria or any other related symptoms. Many of the lesions regressed during oncologic treatment.Conclusion. Despite the critics on the validity of the sign of Leser-Trélat, our patient fulfills the description of the disease, though urinary malignancy is a rare association. That corroborates the need of further investigation when there is a possibility of paraneoplastic manifestation.

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Metrogos, Vanessa, Nuno Ramos, Celso Marialva, and João Bastos. "Rare Association between Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Schistosomiasis: A Case Report." Acta Urológica Portuguesa 34, no. 3-4 (2017): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24915/aup.34.3-4.45.

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Human schistosomiasis, the second most devastating parasitic disease, is common in developing countries, but rare in Europe. Urogenital tract involvement is mainly due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Schistosomiasis has long been associated with malignant neoplasia. Some authors have hypothesized a causal relationship between schistosomiasis and carcinoma of the bowel, kidney, bladder and prostate. To data only 17 cases of concomitant prostatic adenocarcinoma and gland schistosomiasis have been described. As an uncommon example of a potential complication of an untreated schistosomiasis, we report a case of an incidentally diagnosed urinary schistosomiasis after a radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma in a 62-year-old African man living in a non-endemic area.

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Piao, Xuan-Mei, Eun-Jong Cha, Seok Joong Yun, and Wun-Jae Kim. "Role of Exosomal miRNA in Bladder Cancer: A Promising Liquid Biopsy Biomarker." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041713.

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Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most prevalent neoplasia of the urinary tract. Unfortunately, limited improvements in effective BCa management have meant that it remains a challenging disease. Cystoscopy has been the gold standard for BCa diagnosis and surveillance for over two centuries but is an invasive and expensive approach. Recently, liquid biopsy has been identified as a promising field of cancer research, due to its noninvasiveness and ease of sampling. Liquid biopsy samples could provide comprehensive information regarding the genetic landscape of cancer and could track genomic evolution of the disease over time. Exosomes, which contain RNAs, DNAs, and proteins, are a potential source of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsy samples. In particular, exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) hold great promise as biomarkers for tumor development and progression. In this review, we provide an overview of liquid biopsy biomarkers, with a particular focus on the use of exomiRs as biomarkers of cancer, and summarize their clinical implications for BCa. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of these biomarkers in cancer research.

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Czerniak, Bogdan, Vijaya Chaturvedi, Li Li, et al. "Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer." Oncogene 18, no. 5 (1999): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202385.

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Badawi, A. F., and M. H. Mostafa. "Possible Mechanisms of Alteration in the Capacities of Carcinogen Metabolizing Enzymes during Schistosomiasis and Their Role in Bladder Cancer Induction." Journal of International Medical Research 21, no. 6 (1993): 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059302100601.

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Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the most common malignancy in many tropical and subtropical countries. There is a well documented association with chronic urinary schistosomal infection, and bladder cancer associated with schistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the endemic areas. Many factors have been suggested as possible causative agents in schistosome-associated bladder carcinogenesis but theories concerning the possible role of schistosomal infection in altering host metabolism of chemical carcinogens have received most attention. In experimental schistosomiasis there is a common pattern of changes in the activities of several hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes. Phase I enzymes show increased activities in the early stages of infection but these activities are reduced to below their pre-infection levels in the intermediate and late chronic stages of the disease. The activities of Phase II enzymes are altered in favour of the deconjugation pathways in the later stages of the disease. The possible basic mechanisms that might be involved in such changes during parasitism and their potential role in the induction of bladder neoplasia are discussed. Le carcinome de la vessie est la forme de cancer la plus commune dans de nombreux pays tropicaux et sous-tropicaux. Il existe une association bien documentée avec l'infection schistosomale urinaire chronique, et le cancer de la vessie, associé à la schistosomiase, est une cause importante de morbidité et de mortalité dans les régions end miques. De nombreux facteurs ont été suggérés comme agents causatifs possibles dans la carcinogénétique de la vessie associée aux schistosomes mais les théories concernant le rôle possible de l'infection schistosomale dans l'altération du métabolisme de l'hôte de carcinogènes chimiques, ont été beaucoup plus écoutées. Dans le schistosomiase expérimentale, on observe un module commun dans les modifications de activités des plusieurs enzymes hépatiques de phase I et de phase II. Les enzymes de phase I présentent un accroissement d'activités aux stades précoces de l'infection mais ces activités diminuent pour tomber á des niveaux inférieurs á ceux préables á l'infection pendant les stades intermédiaires et chroniques de la maladie. Les activités des enzymes de phase II sont modifiées en faveur de voies de d conjugaison à des stades plus avancés de la maladie. Les mécanimses de base qui sont peut-être impliqués dans ces changements pendant le parasitisme et leur rôle potentiel dans le déclenchement d'une néoplasie de la vessie sont examinés.

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Li, X., J. G. Fox, S. E. Erdman, N. S. Lipman, and J. C. Murphy. "Cystic Urogenital Anomalies in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 2 (1996): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300204.

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Single or multiple semispherical to bilobulated fluid-filled cystic structures of variable size were observed on the dorsal aspects of the urinary bladder of four male and two female ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). All ferrets had been neutered. On physical examination, the cysts were palpated as caudal abdominal masses. Three of the six ferrets presented with dysuria, and two ferrets had signs compatible with endocrine dysfunction. Adrenal cortical hyperplasia or neoplasia were observed in all of the five ferrets examined. Sex hormones assayed in one of the six ferrets revealed elevated levels of serum estrodiol. The posterior aspect of the cysts was located on and/or attached to the trigone or neck of the bladder, with variable intraluminal communication with the bladder and/or the urethra. The anterior aspect of the cysts projected dorsally or dorsocranially into the caudal abdomen. The cysts were thin walled and contained urinelike fluid ( n = 5) or viscous yellow fluid ( n = 1). Histologically, the cyst walls were composed of three layers, epithelium, muscle, and serosa, with fibrovascular stroma between layers. The epithelium consisted of simple to stratified transitional, columnar, or squamous epithelial cells. The muscular layer consisted of intermittent bundles and/or single to double layers of continuous to discontinuous smooth muscle. The serosal layer consisted of loose fibrous stroma covered by flattened mesothelial cells. The cystic anomalies in these ferrets were most likely derived from the urogenital glands/ducts or other remnants.

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Arnold, Shanna, Celestial Jones-Paris, Amanda Georgia Hansen, Oluwole Fadare, Peter Clark, and Andries Zijlstra. "Shed alcam as a biomarker for urogenital cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 30_suppl (2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.30_suppl.50.

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50 Background: ALCAM (Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule) is thought to be involved in tumor cell adhesion, migration and metastasis. The ectodomain responsible for adhesion is proteolytically shed. Elevated shedding of ALCAM ectodomain is associated with malignant progression. Considering the proximity of urogentical cancer to both urinary secretions and hematogenous circulation we investigated if ALCAM shed into urine and/or blood could act as a prognostic or diagnostic marker of disease and patient outcome. Methods: Shed ALCAM in serum and urine was measured by ELISA while ALCAM shedding in tissues was detected with a unique immunohistochemical approach. ALCAM shedding was correlated with patient parameters including tumor stage, metastasis, recurrence, overall and disease-specific survival. Results: ALCAM shedding was compared across tissue and fluids from normal age-matched healthy adults, non-urological neoplasia, and non-cancer patients. Elevated ALCAM shedding was readily detected in fluids and tissue from patients with urogenital cancers. However, only the detection of shedding in tissue and urine correlated significantly with disease progression and patient outcome. Specifically, shed ALCAM detected in urine collected from bladder cancer patients undergoing cystectomy (Vanderbilt 2000-2010) correlated strongly with patient outcome. Urine ALCAM correlates positively with invasiveness (80%), and is predictive of recurrence as well as survival (HR=10.2 and 2.9). Urinary ALCAM ROC curves show the optimal sensitivity and specificity of predicting recurrence (90 and 68%) and survival (62 and 83%). Conclusions: We show for the first time that cleaved ALCAM is detectable in the urine and that urinary ALCAM is a novel biomarker in urogenital cancers. ALCAM shedding is marker of cancer progression and patient outcome with high specificity and accuracy. Evaluating levels of shed ALCAM in urine offers a unique and effective method to diagnose, assess, and stratify patients with urogenital cancers. We find this correlation particularly exciting because ALCAM is functionally involved in cancer progression and therefore reports on cellular behavior rather than mere presence of neoplastic disease.

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Ro, Jae Y., Rosanna L. Lapham, and Mahul B. Amin. "Deceptively Bland Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder—Further Characterization of Subtle and Diagnostically Treacherous Patterns of Invasion in Urothelial Neoplasia." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 4, no. 4 (1997): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199707000-00005.

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Paudel, Deliya, Himanshu Regmi, Uspal Bajracharya, and Guna K. Shrestha. "Spectrum and Presentation of Urinary Bladder Growth: a Single-Center Retrospective Study." Nepalese Medical Journal 4, no. 2 (2021): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v4i2.42055.

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Introduction: Urinary bladder cancers are heterogeneous diseases consisting of a divergent group of tumors. Diseases of the urinary bladder, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic contribute to notable mortality and morbidity. Histopathology remains the gold standard of diagnosis. Bladder transurethral resection of the tumor is a therapeutic procedure that ensures the material necessary for histopathological diagnosis because it allows assessment of the degree of differentiation, depth of tumor invasion, parameters useful in the elaboration of diagnosis and prognosis assessment Material and Methods: All the urinary bladder biopsies submitted in the pathology laboratory during 1 year time period were included in the study. Results: Among the 51 total cases in the study, the male to female ratio was 4.67:1 with the age group of 22-96 years. Among the study population, 30 (52.7%) presented with hematuria, 10 (19.2%) with burning micturition, frequent urination, and lower abdominal pain. In the study, 44 (86%) showed neoplastic lesions while 7(14%) remaining were non-neoplastic lesions. Infiltrative urothelial carcinoma with low and high grades was diagnosed in 23% (12/51) Conclusions: This study has revealed that neoplastic lesions are more common than non-neoplastic lesions. A great majority of neoplastic lesions are of urothelial origin. Majority of which are invasive urothelial neoplasm. All urothelial neoplasms are more common in males. Cystoscopic studies and biopsies help in the early detection of bladder neoplasms and they form the mainstay of the diagnosis and follow-up.

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Vaidyanathan, S., P. Mansour, B. M. Soni, P. L. Hughes, and G. Singh. "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, synchronous small cell carcinoma and squamous neoplasia of the urinary bladder in a paraplegic man following long-term phenoxybenzamine therapy." Spinal Cord 44, no. 3 (2005): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101789.

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Shrestha, EP, and K. Karmacharya. "Profiles of histopathological lesions of urinary bladder: A five years study." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 6, no. 12 (2016): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v6i12.16287.

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Background: Neoplastic and non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions are the main reasons for morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Amongst these, urothelial carcinoma is a common primary tumor of urinary bladder (90%). The objective of this study is to determine the profile of various urothelial lesions received in Army Hospital within 5 years of period.Materials and methods: Five years retrospective study of cystoscopic biopsies and radical cystectomy specimens were carried out in Department of Pathology, Army hospital.Results: Out of 53 cystoscopic biopsies and radical cystectomy specimens, 42 were neoplastic and 11 were non neoplastic lesions. Thirty six urothelial carcinomas were observed out of which 20 were high grade urothelial carcinoma and 16 were low grade. Out of 20 high grade urothelial carcinoma, 17 had muscle invasion and 3 had invasion upto lamina propria. Of 16 low grade urothelial carcinoma, 12 were noninvasive, 2 had invasion upto lamina propria and 2 had muscle invasion. Papilloma was the commonest benign lesions found (7.1%) followed by papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (2.4%) and hemangioma (2.4%).Conclusion: This article have highlighted upon the importance of histopathological study in evaluating urinary bladder lesions. Also, it has helped in determining that neoplastic lesions were more common than non-neoplastic lesions as seen in our study. A great majority of neoplastic lesions were of urothelial origin. Cystoscopic studies and biopsies help in early detection of bladder neoplasms and they form the mainstay of the diagnosis and follow up.

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Dhakal, Rachana, Hem Nath Joshi, Ramesh Makaju, and Shailendra Sigdel. "Histopathological Study of Cystoscopic Bladder Biopsies in a Tertiary Care Center." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 1 (2021): 1310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v6i1.37565.

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Introduction: Non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions are not life threatening, but are an important source to cause clinical symptoms and signs. However, neoplasms of the bladder are a source of morbidity, mortality, and exhibit more clinical challenges. Cystoscopy provides overall information about an anatomical/pathological condition of the urinary bladder which will be helpful for patients' management. A cystoscopic biopsy is a primary diagnostic tool for diagnosing urinary bladder cancer. Objectives: The objective of the study was to find the frequency and histomorphological characteristics of urinary bladder lesions in Dhulikhel Hospital, to find the clinical presentation of urinary bladder lesions and to grade the urothelial tumors based on the World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) classification 2004. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital. Convenient sampling was done. All cystoscopy biopsies received from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied. All tissue blocks were retrieved, cut, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The stained slides were examined under a light microscope by the primary investigator. Result: A total of 70 cystoscopic biopsies were analyzed. The majority of patients 20 (28.6%) were in the age group between 60 and 69 years and males were predominant 43 (61.4%). The neoplastic lesions constituted 40 (57.1%) of all bladder lesions, among them urothelial carcinoma accounted for 38 (54.2%). Similarly, chronic cystitis 27(38.6%) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. Conclusion: The study found that the neoplastic lesions were commonly encountered in urinary bladder lesions. Among them, lowgrade urothelial carcinoma was the most common bladder tumor. However, most of the non-neoplastic lesions were inflammatory in origin. Cystoscopy combined with histomorphological examination helps in the early detection of bladder lesions.

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