Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urinary detrusor'
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Sethia, Krishna Kumar. "The pathophysiology of detrusor instability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235958.
Full textCutner, Alfred. "The lower urinary tract in pregnancy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338240.
Full textMoon, Annick. "Effect of nitric oxide on detrusor contractility." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313235.
Full textHasan, Tahseen. "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and temporary S3 nerve root stimulation in idiopathic detrusor instability and characterization of the human detrusor smooth muscle contraction." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310132.
Full textMasters, Jonathan Grenville. "Sources of calcium involved in detrusor smooth muscle contraction." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312030.
Full textMills, Ian W. "The pathophysiology of Detrusor instability and the role of bladder ischaemia in its aetiology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325284.
Full textGreyling, Linda Magdalena. "Histologiese veranderinge wat volg op distensie van die detrusor in die rot : Spraque-Dawley (Afrikaans)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30254.
Full textBau, Fernando Ricardo. "Avaliação do efeito relaxante do BAY 41-2272 em detrusor isolado de coelhos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308919.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A síndrome da bexiga hiperativa atinge grande parte da população mundial, e gera sintomas que prejudicam a qualidade de vida dos portadores. Está associada com a hiperatividade do detrusor que se dá por um aumento das contrações espontâneas. Alguns estudos têm mostrado que a deficiência de NO é um dos fatores responsáveis por gerar estas contrações espontâneas. É sabido que o mecanismo de sinalização do NO envolve a ativação da guanilil ciclase solúvel e produção de GMPc. Atualmente, algumas drogas têm sido sintetizadas para mimetizar o efeito exercido pelo NO, tal como o BAY 41-2272, um potente estimulador da guanilil ciclase solúvel independente de NO. Vários trabalhos mostraram que o BAY 41-2272 causa relaxamento de vários tipos de musculatura lisa, podendo ser um composto com grande potencial terapêutico em doenças onde a via do NO/GMPc está prejudicada. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a capacidade do BAY 41-2272 de relaxar detrusor isolado de camundongo, coelho e rato in vitro e os mecanismos farmacológicos envolvidos na resposta relaxante. Camundongos C57b6 machos (30-40 g), coelhos New Zealand machos (2-3 kg) e ratos Wistar machos (250-300 g) foram anestesiados e mortos. As bexigas foram removidas e fragmentos de detrusor foram montados em banho para órgãos isolados contendo 10 ml de solução de Krebs. Curvas concentração-resposta ao BAY 41-2272 (10-9 - 10-4 M) foram construídas em tecidos précontraídos com carbacol (10 µM) ou KCl (80 mM), na ausência ou na presença de LNAME (inibidor da óxido nítrico sintase; 100 µM), ODQ (inibidor da guanilato ciclase solúvel; 100 µM), Sildenafil (inibidor da fosfodiesterase tipo-5; 10 µM), ou inibidores de canais de potássio (0,1 µM charibdotoxina + 1 µM apamina; 1µM tetraetilamônio; ou 10 µM glibenclamida). Curvas concentração-resposta ao nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP; 10-8 - 10-4 M), gliceril trinitrato (GTN; 10-8 - 10-4 M) e 8Br-GMPc (10-8 - 10-4 M) foram também construídas. Contrações induzidas por CaCl2 extracelular foram avaliadas na presença do BAY 41-2272, bem como o efeito no influxo de cálcio em plaquetas isoladas de coelho. Níveis de GMPc e AMPc foram avaliados após a estimulação do detrusor com BAY 41- 2272 (10 e 100 µM) e SNP (100 µM) na ausência ou na presença de ODQ (100 µM), através de imunoensaio enzimático (ELISA). O BAY 41-2272 produziu relaxamento de detrusor isolado de camundongos, ratos e coelhos de maneira concentração-dependente, com valores de resposta máxima de 61,3 ± 6,6%, 91,7 ± 5,9% e 95,1 ± 9,9%, respectivamente. Detrusor de coelhos foram selecionados para os experimentos subseqüentes. Os doadores de NO, SNP e GTN, bem com o 8Br-GMPc produziram um discreto relaxamento comparado ao BAY 41-2272. O tratamento dos tecidos com L-NAME (100 µM) ou sildenafil (10 µM) não afetou de maneira significativa o relaxamento induzido pelo BAY 41-2272. Entretanto, o ODQ (100 µM), reduziu significativamente a resposta ao BAY 41-2272. Os bloqueadores de canais de K+ (apamin + charibdotoxina, glibenclamida ou tetraetilamônio) também não afetaram a resposta relaxante do BAY 41-2272. O BAY 41-2272 (10 e 100 µM) elevou os níveis de GMPc em cerca de 14 e 20 vezes respectivamente, sem afetar os níveis de AMPc. Na menor concentração do BAY 41-2272 (10 µM), o ODQ aboliu a elevação dos níveis de GMPc, ao passo que na maior concentração do BAY 41-2272 (100 µM), o ODQ inibiu parcialmente a elevação dos níveis de GMPc. A adição de CaCl2 (0,01-30 mM) extracelular em detrusor isolado de coelhos causou contração de maneira concentração-dependente que foi significativamente reduzida pelo tratamento prévio com BAY 41-2272 (1 e 10 µM), sendo que este efeito não foi prevenido pelo ODQ. O BAY 41-2272 reduziu significativamente o aumento dos níveis intracelulares de cálcio em plaquetas de coelho induzido por trombina. Em resumo, o BAY 41-2272 produz relaxamento em detrusor isolado de camundongos, coelhos e ratos através da produção de GMPc e da inibição do influxo de cálcio que independe de GMPc
Abstract: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent condition that affects millions of people worldwide with a profound effect on quality of life. The bladder overactivity is related to spontaneous contractions of the detrusor smooth muscle causing an increase in the intravesical pressure and consequently stimulation of the micturirion reflex. Evidences suggest that impairment of nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway may account for OAB. It is well established that NO signaling pathways involves soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulation and cyclic GMP production. Recently, pharmacological agents capable of directly stimulating soluble guanylate cyclase independenly of NO, such as BAY 41-2272 has been reported to produce relaxation of different types of smooth muscle, showing great therapeutic potential in disturbs which NO pathway is impaired. The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of BAY 41-2272 to relax isolated mouse, rat and rabbit DSM and the mechanism underlying these response. C57b6 male mice, Wistar male rats and New Zealand male rabbits were anesthetized, and urinary bladder removed. DSM was transferred to 10-mL organ baths containing oxygenated and warmed Krebs-Henseleit solution. Tissues were connected to force-displacement transducers and changes in isometric force were recorded. Concentration-response curves to BAY 41-2272 (10-9 - 10-4M) were constructed, in previously contracted tissues with carbachol (10 µM) or KCl (80 mM), in the absence and in the presence of L-NAME (Nitric Oxide Synthase inhibitor; 100 µM), ODQ (sGC inhibitor; 100 µM), Sildenafil (phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor; 10 µM), or potassium channel blockers (0.1 µM charybdotoxin + 1 µM apamin; 1 µM tetraethylammonium; or 10 µM glybenclamide). Concentration-response curves to sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10-8 - 10-4 M), glyceryl trinitrate (GTN; 10-8 - 10-4 M) and 8Br-cGMP (10-8 - 10-4 M) were also constructed. CaCl2-induced contractions in DSM and calcium influx in rabbit isolated platelets were evaluated in the presence of BAY 41-2272. Levels of cAMP and cGMP in DSM strips were determined after treatment with BAY 41-2272 (10 and 100 µM), SNP (100 µM) in the absence or in the presence of ODQ (100 µM) using specific EIA kit. BAY 41-2272 (0.001-100 µM) produced concentration-dependent DSM relaxations in mouse, rat and rabbit with maximal responses of 61.3 ± 6.6%, 95.1 ± 9.9% and 91.7 ± 5.9%, respectively. The NO-donors sodium nitroprusside and glyceryl trinitrate, as well as 8-bromo-cGMP also produced concentration-dependent rabbit DSM relaxations, but to a lesser extent than BAY 41-2272. Pretreatment with L-NAME (NO synthesis inhibitor) or sildenafil (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) had no effect in BAY 41-2272- induced responses. However, the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ significantly reduced BAY 41-2272-induced relaxantions. BAY 41-2272 (10 and 100 µM) increased the bladder cGMP levels by about of 14- and 20-fold, respectively, without affecting the cAMP levels. The cGMP increases in response to BAY 41-2272 and SNP were markedly reduced by ODQ. CaCl2 caused a concentration-dependent contraction in DSM strips and BAY 41- 2272 significantly reduced the contractile responses to extracellular Ca2+ in an ODQinsensitive manner. BAY 41-2272 also significantly reduced the increase of intracellular calcium levels induced by thrombin. This inhibitory effect was completely reverted after the treatment with ODQ. BAY 41-2272 relaxes DSM of the three animal species studied. BAY 41-2272-induced DSM relaxation involves mainly cGMP production, but an additional mechanism involving Ca2+ influx blockade independently of cGMP production appears to be involved
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Farmacologia
Rahmanou, Philip. "Assessment of lower urinary tract function in women with urodynamic stress incontinence with and without detrusor overactivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589995.
Full textRamos, Filho Antonio Celso S. "Avaliação morfofuncional e molecular do detrusor isolado de ratos hipertensos renovasculares." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308915.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A hipertensão renovascular é uma forma secundária da hipertensão arterial, que corresponde de 1-5% dos casos de hipertensão. A associação entre hipertensão arterial e disfunções miccionais foi observada no modelo experimental de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Até o momento nenhum estudo avaliou as disfunções miccionais em animais hipertensos renovasculares. Dessa forma, neste estudo, caracterizamos a disfunção miccional em ratos hipertensos renovasculares através do modelo de dois rins, um clip (2K-1C). Em ratos Wistar (200-220 g) colocou-se um clip em torno da artéria renal. Depois de oito semanas, os ratos foram utilizados. Realizou-se estudo cistométrico em ratos anestesiados, assim como curvas concentração-resposta para agentes contráteis e relaxantes em detrusor isolado (DSM). Foram também realizados estudos histomorfométricos e da expressão de RNAm dos receptores muscarínicos M3 e M2 em DSM isolado. Os resultados histomorfométricos mostraram aumentos significantes na espessura da parede da bexiga, no volume intravesical, na densidade de musculatura lisa e na densidade de fibras neurais no grupo 2K-1C em comparação ao SHAM. O agonista muscarínico, carbacol, produziu contrações concentração-dependentes do DSM, as quais foram significantemente maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O inibidor da Rho-quinase, Y27-632 (10 µM), reduziu significantemente a contração induzida pelo carbacol nos ratos SHAM e 2K-1C; porém, no grupo 2K-1C, o DSM continuou hiperativo na presença do Y27-632. A estimulação elétrica (1 - 32 Hz) produziu contração freqüência-dependente do DSM as quais foram maiores no grupo 2K-1C. O agonista purinérgico P2X, ?,?-metileno-ATP (1 - 100 µM), o KCl (1 - 300 µM) e o Ca2+ extracelular (0,01-100 µM) produziram contrações concentração-dependente; porém, não observamos diferenças entre o grupo SHAM e 2K-1C. O agonista não seletivo ?-adrenérgico, isoproterenol, o agonista seletivo ?2-adrenérgico, metaproterenol, e o agonista seletivo ?3-adrenérgico, BRL37-344, produziram relaxamentos menores do DSM nos ratos 2K-1C, e também redução nos níveis intracelulares de AMPc nos detrusores. O efeito relaxante ao nitroprussiato de sódio e BAY41-2272 mantiveram-se iguais nos animais SHAM e 2K-1C. A expressão do RNAm do receptor muscarínico M3 (mas não do M2) no DSM foi significantemente maior nos ratos 2K-1C em comparação ao grupo controle. Os tratamentos crônicos com losartan e captopril normalizaram a pressão arterial sistólica dos animais 2K-1C, normalizaram a função miccional, e reduziram a hipercontratilidade do detrusor induzida pela estimulação elétrica e pelo carbacol, assim como restabeleceram o relaxamento induzido pelo isoproterenol ao nível do grupo SHAM. Concluimos que os ratos hipertensos renovasculares apresentam hiperatividade do detrusor, a qual envolve remodelamento tecidual e aumento da contração via receptor muscarínico M3 associado à redução no relaxamento ?-adrenérgico com redução da sinalização intracelular e produção de AMPc. Os tratamentos com losartan e captopril restauram a função miccional dos animais 2K-1C
Abstract: Renovascular hypertension is a secondary form of arterial hypertension, accounting for 1-5% of cases in unselected population. Association between arterial hypertension and urinary bladder dysfunction has been reported in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but no study evaluated the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive animals. Therefore, in this study, we explored the bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats, using the two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) model. A silver clip was placed around the renal artery of male Wistar Kyoto rats (200-220 g). After eight weeks, rats were used. Cystometric study in anesthetized rats, along with concentration-response curves to both contractile and relaxant agents in isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were performed. Histomorphometry and mRNA expression of muscarinic M3 and M2 receptors in DSM were also determined. The histomorphometric data showed significant increases in bladder wall thickness, intravesical volume and density of smooth muscle, as well as density of neural fibers in the 2K-1C group compared with SHAM. The muscarinic agonist carbachol produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, which were markedly greater in 2K-1C rats. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27-632 (10 µM) significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contractions in sham and 2K-1C rats, but DSM in 2K-1C rats remained overactive in the presence of Y27632. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS; 1-32 Hz) produced frequency-dependent DSM contractions that were also greater in 2K-1C group. The P2X receptor agonist ?,?-methylene ATP (1-100 µM), KCl (1-300 mM) and extracellular Ca2+ (0.01-100 M) produced concentration-dependent DSM contractions, but no changes among sham and 2K-1C rats were seen. In 2K-1C rats, the non-selective ?-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol, the ?2-adrenoceptor agonist metaproterenol and the ?3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 37-344 produced lower DSM relaxations, as well as decreased cAMP levels. The relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272 remained unchanged in 2K-1C rats. Expression of mRNA of muscarinic M3 (but not of M2) receptors in DSM was significantly increased in 2K-1C rats. The chronic treatment with losartan and captopril normalized the blood systolic pressure of 2K-1C animals, improved their urinary function by reducing DSM hypercontractility to EFS and carbacol stimulation, and restored the relaxation induced by the ?-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to the level of SHAM group. In conclusion, renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit overactive DSM that involves tissue remodeling and enhanced muscarinic M3-mediated contractions associated with reduced ?-adrenoceptor-mediated signal transduction. The treatments with losartan and captopril improved urinary function of 2K-1C animals
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Okinami, Takeshi. "Altered detrusor gap junction communications induce storage symptoms in bladder inflammation: A mouse cyclophosphamide-induced model of cystitis." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199172.
Full textLecamwasam, Harish Sanjeev. "An analysis of detrusor dynamics and urethral flow in the canine urinary tract, under obstructive and non-obstructive conditions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36612.
Full textTang, Derek, Danielle Colayco, James Piercy, Vaishali Patel, Denise Globe, and Michael Chancellor. "Impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life, daily activities, and healthcare resource utilization in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610068.
Full textHeineck, Simone da Cunha. "Avaliação urodinâmica ambulatorial em mulheres com sintoma de urgência e avaliação urodinâmica convencional normal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132116.
Full textIntroduction: The investigation of lower urinary tract symptoms usually starts with the history, physical exam and simple clinical tests. However, quite often this investigation is not sufficient for the correct diagnosis of urinary incontinence. In these cases, the urodynamic test is accomplished to confirm it. The best method to evaluate the urodynamic has not been established. In spite of the conventional cystometry being considered as the gold standard and being the most accepted investigative method for detrusor overactivity, the conventional retrograde filling urodynamic method of remains controversial. Since it is a non-physiologic filling, several studies have shown high rates of false negatives concerning the diagnosis of detrusor overactivity. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of detrusor overactivity during ambulatory urodynamic tests in symptomatic patients whose results of conventional urodynamic evaluation were normal. Methodology: The research subjects were women referred to the urogynecology service of Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil for further investigation due to urinary incontinence symptoms (overactive bladder syndrome, urge incontinence or mixed incontinence), whose conventional urodynamics results did not show any detrusor overactivity. The sample size was calculated using the WinPEPI program (Programs for Epidemiologists for Windows) 11.43 version and was based on the findings of a pilot study with 6 patients. Using a 95% confidence interval and an estimated urodynamic detrusor overactivity prevalence of 83% with a standard error of 17%, a sample size of 19 patients was obtained. A level of significance of 5% (p≤0.05) was considered. SPSS 21.0 version program was used to accomplish the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 20 women were included in this study. The mean age was 56.1 years, the mean body mass index was 29.7 and the mean time of the symptoms was 5 years. We found mixed urinary incontinence in 18 (90%) and urge incontinence in 2 (10%) patients. All conventional cystometry tests were normal; however, in 14 (70%) patients the ambulatory urodynamics was able to diagnose detrusor overactivity. Conclusion: The ambulatory urodynamics evaluation seems to have a major role in the additional evaluation of more complex cases of urinary tract dysfunctions, when there is a diagnostic and therapeutic flaw – especially in the evaluation of detrusor overactivity. We found 70 % of false negative in the conventional cystometry. However, having in mind the higher cost of the equipment and catheters in relation to the conventional one, more studies are necessary for the incorporation of this test in the Brazilian clinical practice.
Monteiro, Edison Daniel Schneider. "Quantificação digital da imunoexpressão de receptores adrenérgicos e terminações nervosas no detrusor de portadores da síndrome de prune belly." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-28052008-143257/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is charactherized by a triad of abdominal wall flaccidity, bilateral criptorchidism and urinary tract malformation, that includes a large-capacity bladder, with high detrusor compliance, low sensibility and contractility, associated to urachal diverticulum or fistula and elevated post void residual volumes. Some autors recommend clinical treatment, but others propose surgery correction, with urinary tract reconstruction, including reductive ureteroplasty and cystoplasty, orchidopexy and abdominoplasty. Even after surgery, some patients need intermittent catheterism. The detrusor innervation determines its function, mediated by neuroceptors at the neuromuscular junction. The a1 adrenoceptors are related to detrusor contractility and b3 to relaxation, and some conditions, like infravesical obstruction, lead to a1 adrenoceptor up-regulation. The objective of this work is to verify whether, in the detrusor from patients with PBS, there is altered nerve density, up or down-regulation of a1a, a1b, a1d and b3 adrenergic receptors and if there is an abnormal proportion between muscle and connective tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective case-control study was performed involving 14 detrusor specimens from patients with PBS, who underwent surgical treatment between 1985 an 2005 at University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital. Two groups were taken as control: 13 bladder fragments from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at Department of Urology of Mainz University, with normal urodynamic study prior to the surgery (GC1) and 5 bladder fragments from children submitted to autopsy at SVOC-USP, with no neurological or urinary tract malformation (GC2). Staining was performed using the van Gieson dye to analyse the proportion between muscle and connective tissue, and immunohistochemical reaction was employed, with polyclonal antibodies against S100 protein, as well as a1a, a1b, a1d and b3 adrenoceptors. Brown colour was considered as evidence of adrenoceptor cell expression. Five to ten digital images were captured on an optic microscope with a digital camera. These images were analysed with Adobe Photoshop CS2Ò software. The relative quantity of receptors was calculated and the statistic analysis was done with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Mean age was 1.28 ± 1.14 year in PBS patients, and 64 ± 5.22 yrs. and 1.41 ± 1.11 yrs. in GC1 and GC2, respectively. The median proportion between muscle and connective tissue was 1.08 in PBS, 1.59 in GC1 and in GC2 of 1.28 (p=0.173). The median proportion of S100/muscle area was 0.21 in PBS, 0.20 in GC1 and in GC2 of 0.01 (p=0.003). The median relative quantity of receptors of a1a was 0.06 in PBS, 0.16 in GC1 and 0.14 in GC2 (p=0.026). In a1b, the median values were 0.06 in PBS group, 0.006 in GC1 and 0.007 in GC2 (p=0.781). In a1d, the median values were 0.04 (PBS), 0.04 (GC1) and 0.05 (GC2) (p=0.618). Regarding b3, the median values were 0.07 in PBS, 0.14 in GC1 and 0.10 in GC2 (p=0.378). CONCLUSION Comparing detrusor fragments from patients with PBS and normal bladders, there was no alteration in the density of nerve endings. We observed downregulation of a1a adrenoceptors, but no alteration in the a1b, a1d and b3 receptors. Furthermore, there was no alteration of the proportion between muscle and connective tissue areas. Further investigations, with different methods and including other receptors, are necessary to transfer this knowledge to clinical use.
Ferreira, Yuri Afonso. "Análise da expressão das metaloproteinases e seus inibidores teciduais no músculo detrusor de pacientes com obstrução infravesical por hiperplasia prostática benigna." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-13012015-111245/.
Full textIntroduction: Long-term Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to Benign prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) can cause functional and morphological abnormalities in the bladder, such as increased collagen deposition and loss of compliance, leading to urinary storage and voiding symptoms. A decrease in bladder compliance is known to be correlated with deterioration of renal function. Increased deposition of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the primary reason for a decreased compliance. In the bladder, as in other organs, this phenomenon is dependent on the balanced activity of proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs is a key regulator in ECM turnover. Since these mechanisms are unknown in the obstructed bladder, the objective of this study was to evaluate gene expression of collagen, MMPs and their inhibitors in patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to BPH. Material and Methods: We performed a prospective and controlled analysis of 43 patients with BOO due to BPH who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) from 2011 to 2012. The control group was comprised of 10 bladder specimens from patients with < 60 years who underwent radical prostatectomy with an International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) < 8 and prostate volume < 30 grams. All patients underwent urodynamic analysis pre and post operatively after 6 months. A biopsy of the bladder muscle was performed at the end of TURP for analysis of collagen, metalloproteinases and TIMPs gene expressions. For this purpose we used the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). Results: All patients with BPH had confirmed BOO confirmed through urodynamic analysis (mean detrusor pressure at maximun flow 78.5 cmH2O and mean maximun flow 7.7 ml/s). MMP1 gene showed an important an overexpression in patients with BPH (median = 1.87). A similar phenomenon occurred in a lesser extent to MMP2, to which 13 of 23 subjects had under-expression (mean = 1.2). MMP9, TIMP1 and RECK were under-expressed in the majority of cases, while TIMP2, colagen I and III were over-expressed (1.5, 4.4 and 1.9x respectively) (figure). With regard to clinical and urodynamic characteristics we found that MMP2 was more over-expressed among patients with a low global IPSS (0.005) and without urgency (p=0.035). Colagen III was more over-expressed in patients with non-inhibited bladder contractions (p=0.049), RECK was more over-expressed in patients with a decreased complacence (p=0.049). The other genes showed no statistical correlation with any clinical or urodynamic characteristics. After 6 months of TURP, patients with non-inhibited bladder contractions showed resolution in 66.6% of cases, when had increased expression of two or more (> 02) MMPs in patients compared with 14.0% when only 01 MMP was increased (p = 0.038) Conclusions: BOO is related with an over-expression of MMP1, TIMP2, colagens I and III, and with an under-expression of MMP9, TIMP1 and RECK. Detrusor overactivity is related with higher collagen III expression, this fact may be due to a lower MMP1 expression. A lower global IPSS and no urgency were related to a higher expression of MMP2, sugesting that this gene may be inhibiting collagen deposition in the bladder. The increased expression of two or more MMPs isrelated to greater rates of resolution of non-inhibited bladder contractions
Silva, José Ailton Fernandes. "Correlação entre a espessura da parede vesical e os achados urodinâmicos em pacientes com lesão medular traumática. Avaliação da influência das alterações morfológicas da bexiga nos resultados da injeção de toxina botulínica tipo-A no detrusor." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9292.
Full textTo investigate the ultrasonographic bladder wall thickness (BWT), urodynamic parameters and evaluate the role of such measurements for the upper and lower urinary tract deterioration and also assess the role of changes in bladder shape in the outcome of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) into the detrusor in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). There are two studies. First study was a cross-sectional study involving two hundred and seventy two patients with SCI who underwent renal and bladder ultrasonography and urodynamic evaluation. The anterior bladder wall was measured and compared to urodynamic data. Cystography was done in 57 patients. The second was a prospective study about injection of BTX-A into the detrusor performed in 27 patients considering urodynamic parameters and cystography findings. Mean BWT was 3.94 mm. BWT was statistically higher in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity associated to detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (NDO/DSD) and in those with compliance < 20 mL/cmH2O. Patients with low compliance (< 20 mL/cmH2O), had 4.2 times higher prevalence of hydronephrosis, compared to patients with compliance ≥ 20 mL/cmH2O. Mean of Pdet max was statistically higher in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) compared to those without (100.7 vs 61.2 cmH2O respectively, p=0.022). There was no statistical association between BWT and hydronephrosis or VUR. Twenty seven patients underwent injection of BTX-A into the detrusor. The average time of urinary continence was 8 months. Nine patients (33.3%) had altered bladder shape and 8 cases (29.6%) had diverticula. The maximum cystometric capacity, NDO, reflex volume and compliance showed no statistically significant difference in the presence of diverticula or altered bladder shape. Increased BWT is associated with low compliance and NDO/DSD in patients with SCI. However, there was no relationship between BWT and hydronephrosis or VUR. Low compliance and NDO/DSD are the main risk factors for the upper urinary tract damage. The presence of diverticula or changes in bladder shape did not influence the results after injection of BTX-A into the detrusor.
Sousa, Raimundo Nonato Campos 1952. "Clinical aspects and progression of Parkinson's disease in women with detrusor hyperreflexia = Aspectos clínicos e progressão da doença de Parkinson em mulheres com hiper-reflexia detrusora." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309081.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar em mulheres com doença de Parkinson e disfunções urinárias as correlações dos sintomas urinários com os sintomas motores e disfunções mentais. Verificar a prevalência de hiper-reflexia detrusora (HD), bem como analisar em longo prazo a gravidade do desempenho motor, estadiamento de Hoenh-Yahr, habilidades funcionais, funções neuropsicológicas e a magnitude da progressão desses aspectos clínicos e do declínio cognitivo em pacientes com HD. Sujeitos e Métodos: Estudamos uma coorte ambulatorial de sessenta e três (63) pacientes com DP cujos aspectos neurológicos foram avaliados com a utilização das escalas Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) e a escala de Hoehn-Yahr. As habilidades funcionais foram avaliadas pela escala Schwab & England e a função urológica foi quantificada pela International Prostatic Symptom Scale (IPSS) e qualificada pelo estudo urodinâmico. Foram então categorizados dois grupos: pacientes com e sem HD. Após sete anos os mesmos parâmetros foram reavaliados e a escala Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-versão brasileira foi utilizada para o rastreamento neuropsicológico. Resultados: Na avaliação inicial foi constatada correlação positiva entre os sintomas urinários e a gravidade da doença, porém não havia correlação entre a sintomatologia urinária e os sintomas mentais. Sintomas motores, estágio de gravidade da doença e habilidades funcionais eram mais graves em pacientes com HD. Na reavaliação, os grupos não apresentavam diferença quanto à magnitude da progressão dos sintomas motores, do estadiamento da doença e das inabilidades funcionais. Foi observado no grupo com HD maior declínio cognitivo e uma nítida progressão dos escores mentais com risco aumentado para demência. Conclusão: Hiper-reflexia detrusora é um achado urodinâmico frequente em mulheres com DP e embora esteja associada à pior desempenho motor, estágios de maior gravidade da doença e inabilidades funcionais, não é um fator de maior progressão desses aspectos clínicos. Por outro lado as pacientes com HD tiveram, em longa duração, significante progressão da sintomatologia neuropsicológica.O perfil do declínio cognitivo e o risco para demência necessitam ser confirmados em estudos posteriores
Abstract: Objectives: This long-term study in women with Parkinson's disease (PD) and lower urinary tract dysfunctions aimed to verify the correlation of urinary symptoms with the severity of the disease and mental functions. Verify the prevalence of detrusor hiper-reflexia (DH) and analyze the severity of motor symptoms, Hoehn and Yahr stage, functional abilities and neuropsychological functions, as well as analyze the progression of these clinical aspects and cognitive decline in patients with DH. Subjects and Methods: We studied a cohort of sixty-three (63) PD patients whose neurological aspects were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr scale. Functional abilities were evaluated by Schwab and England scale and the urological function was quantified by International Prostatic Symptom Scale (IPSS) and qualified by urodynamic study. Two groups were then categorized: patients with and without HD. After seven years the same parameters were re-evaluated and the cognitive functions were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: At baseline a correlation between urinary symptoms and motor dysfunction was verified but no correlation between urinary symptoms and mental symptoms was observed. The severity of motor symptoms, stage of the disease and functional disabilities were significant in patients with DH. In the follow up, the groups were similar in regards to progression of motor symptoms, Hoehn and Yahr stage and functional disabilities. On the other hand, decline in cognitive function and clear progression of mental scores and risk for dementia was observed in the group with DH. Conclusion: Urinary symptoms are correlated with the severity of the Parkinson's disease. Detrusor hyper-reflexia is a frequent urodynamic finding in women with DP and although it is associated with worse motor performance, stage of the disease and functional disabilities, it is not a factor of greater progression of these clinical aspects of the disease. On the other hand, patients with DH had a significant progression of the neuropsychological symptoms and risk of dementia. The profile of cognitive decline and dementia risk need to be confirmed in subsequent prospective studies
Doutorado
Neurologia
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Collado, Serra Argimiro. "Obstrucción infravesical y retención urinaria aguda: valoración morfometrica del detrusor y correlación urodinamica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4254.
Full textLos objetivos eran estudiar la fiabilidad y reproductibilidad de la morfometría del detrusor mediante la valoración del diámetro del miocito y la cuantificación de la ratio colágeno/músculo, estudiar las diferencias entre pacientes con obstrucción infravesical y los varones control y analizar las diferencias, tanto morfológicas como funcionales, de los pacientes obstruidos en función del antecedente de retención urinaria aguda.
PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 62 pacientes que se dividieron en tres grupos, pacientes con clínica y diagnóstico urodinámico de obstrucción infravesical (grupo Obstrucción), pacientes con clínica y diagnóstico urodinámico de obstrucción infravesical y antecedentes de episodio de retención urinaria aguda (grupo RAO) y pacientes sin obstrucción infravesical (grupo Control). El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ensayos e Investigación Clínica de la Fundación Puigvert y todos los pacientes firmaron el consentimiento informado para participar en él. Como valoración funcional se realizó un cuestionario de síntomas (IPSS y Calidad de vida) y un estudio urodinámico. El estudio morfométrico se realizó a partir de muestras de detrusor obtenidas durante la resección transuretral (RTU) de próstata (pacientes del grupo Obstrucción y RAO) y RTU de tumor vesical inicial (grupo Control). Tras digitalización de la imagen de microscopía óptica, se valoró el diámetro del miocito y la relación o ratio entre colágeno y músculo (interfascicular y pericelular). Finalmente se realizó un estudio evolutivo funcional temprano a los 6 meses de la cirugía desobstructiva.
RESULTADOS
Se valoraron un total de 62 pacientes, con una edad media de 63 años. Los pacientes con obstrucción infravesical y antecedentes de RAO tenían una menor puntuación en la escala de síntomas y un mayor residuo postmiccional en la flujometría. En la valoración morfométrica, los pacientes con obstrucción infravesical (grupo Obstrucción y RAO) tenían un mayor diámetro del miocito (hipertrofia), así como una mayor ratio colágeno/músculo (fibrosis). Entre el grupo Obstrucción y RAO no se observaron diferencias en el diámetro del miocito y si un mayor infiltrado de colágeno pericelular en el grupo RAO. Tras la cirugía desobstructiva no se observaron diferencias evolutivas entre los pacientes del grupo Obstrucción y RAO. Existía una relación entre el diámetro del miocito y la recuperación funcional, pero no con la ratio colágeno/músculo.
CONCLUSIONES
La morfometría del detrusor mediante medición del diámetro del miocito y cuantificación de la ratio colágeno/músculo es una técnica fiable y reproducible. En la obstrucción infravesical existe una hipertrofia del miocito y una fibrosis del detrusor. Existen diferencias morfométricas en los pacientes con obstrucción infravesical en función del antecedente de retención urinaria aguda y no existen diferencias funcionales previas a la cirugía desobtructiva ni en la evolución postoperatoria temprana.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives were to study reability and efficacy of bladder morphometry by means of measurement of the diameter of detrusor cell and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio, to study differences between bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and group control and to study morphometric and urodynamic differences in patients with bladder outlet obstruction relation to episode of acute urinary retention (AUR).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixty-two patients were included. There was three groups; control group, BOO group (lower urinary tracts symptoms and urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction) and AUR group (lower urinary tracts symptoms, urodynamic bladder outlet obstruction and episode of acute urinary retention). Study was accepted by committee of clinical studies of Fundación Puigvert. All patients were informed and they sign written consent. Functional study was made by symptoms (IPSS and quality life) and urodymanic study. Detrusor specimens were obtained from the lateral-posterior wall bladder after finish TURP (BOO and AUR groups) and bladder tumor resection (control group). Each section was viewed under a microscope and digitized using a personal computer. The diameter of detrusor muscle cell and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio (between and within muscles fascicles) was measured. Six months after surgery urodynamic studies was repeat to evaluate patient evolution.
RESULTS
Sixty-two patients were included (mean age, 63 years). Score IPSS was lower in AUR group than in BOO group and postvoid residual volume was higher in AUR group in flowmetry. The diameter of the detrusor muscle cell and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio determined by morphometry (between muscle fascicles) was higher in BOO and AUR group than control group. In patients with BOO (BOO and AUR group) no differences exist relation to an episode of acute urinary retention. However, in AUR group the connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio within fascicles was higher than BOO group. There were no differences in postoperative TURP between BOO and AUR groups. There was relation between diameter of the detrusor muscle cell and functional recovery after TURP. There was no relation between connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio and functional recovery after TURP.
CONCLUSIONS
Measurement of the diameter of detrusor cells and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio is useful to study bladder morphometry. There was increase in the diameter of detrusor muscle cell (hypertrophy) and connective tissue-to-smooth muscle ratio (fibrosis) in BOO. There was morphometric differences in patients with bladder outlet obstruction relation to episode of acute urinary retention. There was no functional and postoperative differences in patients with bladder outlet obstruction relation to episode of acute urinary retention.
Leiria, Luiz Osório 1983. "Estudo morfofuncional e molecular do baixo trato urinário de camudongos diabéticos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308913.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: As disfunções do baixo trato urinário estão entre as complicações mais comumente associadas ao diabetes mellitus, e incluem urgência miccional, alterações da freqüência e incontinência urinária, hiperatividade e hipertrofia da bexiga, tornando complexos os procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos. O mediador primário para a contração do músculo liso detrusor é a acetilcolina (Ach), sendo suas ações mediadas, principalmente, pelos receptores muscarínicos do subtipo M3 e M2, principalmente o subtipo M3. O receptor P2X1, ativado pelo trifosfato de adenosina (ATP), também participa da contração do detrusor; porém, com menor importância. Ambos promovem a contração através da mobilização de Ca2+ citosólico, seja pela formação de inositol trifosfato (IP3), seja pelo influxo de Ca2+ extracelular via canais de Ca2+ tipo L. Além destes mecanismos, os receptores M3 podem desencadear resposta contrátil independente da concentração de Ca2+ citosólico, através da sensibilização ao mesmo, a qual ocorre, principalmente, pela ação da enzima Rho-kinase. A despeito de sua grande relevância na contração da bexiga, até o presente, poucos estudos abordaram as alterações na homeostase do Ca2+ celular resultantes do diabetes mellitus. Além disso, a contribuição da uretra para a cistopatia diabética ainda é pouco compreendida e estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as alterações funcionais, morfológicas e moleculares do baixo trato urinário em camundongos C57BL/6 com diabetes induzida por estreptozotocina, bem como compreender o papel da uretra na fisiopatologia desta desordem. Para tanto, realizamos os seguintes experimentos: 1) análise histomorfométrica da bexiga; 2) estudo cistométrico; 3) concentração-resposta ao agonista muscarínico carbacol (na ausência e na presença do Y27632 ou nifedipina), ao agonista purinérgico ?,?-metileno ATP, cloreto de potássio (KCl) e ao cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), assim como curvas freqüência-resposta à estimulação elétrica (1-32 Hz, 80 V, 10 segundos) em detrusor isolado, e montado em banho para órgão preenchido com solução de Krebs Henseleit; 4) curvas concentração-resposta ao agonista ?1-adrenérgico fenilefrina, bem como de relaxamento ao nitroprussiato de sódio, tadalafil e Bay 41-2272, em anéis de músculo liso de uretra; 6) expressão de RNAm de receptores muscarínicos M2 e M3, purinérgicos P2X1 e canais de Ca2+ tipo L em detrusor. Os animais diabéticos apresentaram aumento do peso da bexiga, da espessura da parede e do volume da mesma em relação aos camundongos controle. A densidade de tecido neural também foi maior no grupo diabético, enquanto nenhuma alteração foi verificada em relação à densidade de músculo liso e de colágeno. O estudo cistométrico revelou aumento da capacidade e complacência da bexiga nos animais diabéticos, assim como maior amplitude das contrações de micção, aumento da freqüência de micção e de contrações involuntárias. Estes ainda exibiram aumento da pressão intravesical pós-miccional, evidenciando uma perda da eficiência da micção. A contratilidade do detrusor isolado de camundongos diabéticos se mostrou maior em resposta ao carbacol, ?,?-metileno ATP, KCl, CaCl2 e estímulo elétrico. Para avaliar o papel dos canais de Ca2+ tipo L e da rho-quinase no aumento da resposta contrátil ao carbacol, realizamos curvas ao carbacol na presença do bloqueador de canal de Ca2+ tipo L, nifedipina (3 nM) ou do inibidor da rho-quinase, Y27632 (1 µM). A pré-incubação com nifedipina preveniu o aumento da contração no grupo diabético, enquanto na presença do Y27632 não houve redução significativa das contrações em ambos os grupos. A expressão de RNAm de receptores M3 foi significativamente maior no grupo diabético em comparação com o grupo controle, enquanto não foram observadas alterações significativas na expressão de receptores M2 e P2X1. Os camundongos diabéticos exibiram aumento significativo da expressão de RNAm de canais de Ca2+ tipo L. As curvas concentração-resposta em músculo liso de uretra revelaram aumento da contração em resposta à fenilefrina e redução do relaxamento ao doador de óxido nítrico (NO), nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP), no grupo diabético. Em suma, nossos dados mostram que o aumento da contração do músculo detrusor em camundongos diabéticos é devido ao aumento do influxo de Ca2+ extracelular através dos canais de Ca2+ tipo L e ao aumento da expressão de receptores muscarínicos M3. Além disso, o aumento da resistência mecânica da uretra resultou em perda da eficiência do esvaziamento da bexiga associada à hiperatividade da mesma
Abstract: Bladder dysfunction is among the most common and incapacitating complications of diabetes mellitus. The diabetes related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include overactive bladder, incontinence, urgency, frequency increase and bladder hypertrophy. Acethylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter responsible for the detrusor smooth muscle contraction, acting mainly at the muscarinic M2 and M3 subtypes. P2X1, through ATP stimuli, also contribute to void contractions. Both M3 and P2X1 activation triggers citosolic Ca2+ mobilization by triphosphate inositol (IP3) formation or extracellular Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels. Activation of M3 receptors can also elicit contractile response through Ca2+ concentration-independent pathways. Despite the great importance of Ca2+ handling/homeostases to receptor-mediated bladder contractions, its contribution to diabetic cistopathy has been little studied. In addition, the contribution of urethra in diabetic cistopathy remains poorly comprehended. The present study was designed to evaluate the functional, structural and molecular alterations of detrusor and urethral smooth muscles (DSM) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The following experiments were performed: 1) Hystomorfometric measurements; 2) Cystometric study; 3) Contractile responses to the muscarinic agonist carbachol (in the absence and in the presence of nifedipine or Y27632), purinergic agonist ?,?-methylene ATP, KCl, CaCl2 and electrical field stimulation (EFS, 1-32 Hz, 80 V, 10 sec) in detrusor strips mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution; 4) Concentration-response curves to the ?1-adrenergic agonist phenylefrine were performed in isolated rings of urethral smooth muscle and relaxant curves to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), tadalafil and Bay 41-2272; 5) Expression of mRNA of muscarinic receptors M3 and M2, purinergic P2X1 receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels in detrusor by real-time RT-PCR. Histomorfometric analysis revealed increased bladder weight, volume and wall thickness. Neural tissue density was also higher in diabetic mice, whereas smooth muscle and collagen density were not modified in both groups. Cistometric study revealed increases in bladder capacity and compliance in diabetic group, as well as higher peak pressure, micturition frequency and frequency of non-void contractions. Diabetic mice exhibited enhanced post-void pressure, indicating a decrease in bladder emptying efficiency. Detrusor contractile responses to carbachol, ?,?-methylene ATP, KCl, CaCl2 and EFS were significantly higher in diabetic mice. In order to evaluate the role of L-type Ca2+ channels and rho-kinase in the detrusor hypercontractility, contraction curves to carbacol were performed in the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (3 nM) or the rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 (1 µM). Pre-incubation with nifedipine prevented the increased carbachol-induced detrusor contractions seen in the diabetic mice, while Y27632 did not significantly affect the detrusor contractions in both groups. Levels of mRNA of M3 receptor and L-type Ca2+ channels were significantly increased in diabetic animals, while M2 and P2X1 mRNA expression were not modified in both groups. Concentration-response curves in urethral smooth muscle revealed an increased contractile response to phenylefrine, and a reduction on the relaxant responses to nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), in diabetic group, indicating an enhanced urethral resistance by diabetes. In conclusion, our data shows that the overactive detrusor in diabetes is likely to be due an increase in extracellular Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels and an enhanced M3 muscarinic expression. Moreover, the higher urethral mechanical resistance result in decrease of the bladder emptying efficiency in diabetic mice associated to detrusor overactivity
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Silva, Marco Antonio Nunes da. "Análise do perfil de expressão dos marcadores de angiogênese e das neurotrofinas na persistência da hiperatividade detrusora em pacientes submetidos à ressecção transuretal da próstata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-20012015-164148/.
Full textObjective: Non-inhibited contractions (NIC) are present in about 50% of patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 30% of cases persist after surgery. To date, no clinical characteristic can predict accurately which patients are going to improve. We analyzed the role of six detrusor molecular markers in the resolution of NIC after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods: We performed a prospective and controlled analysis of 43 patients with BOO due to BPH who underwent TURP from 2011 to 2012. The control group comprised 10 bladder specimens from patients younger than 60 years who underwent radical prostatectomy with an IPSS < 8 and prostate volume < 30 grams. All patients underwent urodynamic analysis pre and post operatively after 6 months. We analyzed the presence, time to occurrence (first vs second half of the filling phase) and grade (40 cmH2O) of NIC as well as its resolution after 6 months of surgery. A biopsy of the bladder muscle was performed at the end of TURP for analysis of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFr), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endoglin (CD105), muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 (CHRM2) and muscarinic cholinergic receptor 3 (CHRM3) genes expression. For this purpose, we used the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). Results: Mean patient age was 63 years (50 to 75). NIC were present in 21 (48.8%) patients. According to pre-operative measures, NGF gene expression was 3.3 times greater in patients who presented early NIC as compared to those who presented late contractions (p=0.047). The presence or grade of NIC failed to present statistical correlations with the genes. With regard to the outcome, CHRM2 expression was 2.0 times greater among patients who presented resolution of NIC (p=0.072). After 6 months of TURP, 77,8% of patients with DO resolution had increased expression of CHRM2 and CHRM3 genes compared with others cases (p=0,030). Additionally, patients younger than 60 years obtained a 5.0 times more likely to evolve with improved NIC (p=0,056). Conclusion: Neural pathways seem to be more important in the time to NIC occurrence during the filling phase. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors seem to have a prognostic value in the resolution of NIC after surgery. Analysis of greater number of patients is necessary to confirm these results
Hsu, Wei-Pang, and 徐偉邦. "Effects of orthovanadate and pervanadate on the contractions of the mouse urinary bladder detrusor." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58844108328657974143.
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