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Journal articles on the topic 'Urinary kynurenine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Saito, Kuniaki, Suwako Fujigaki, Melvyn P. Heyes, et al. "Mechanism of increases in l-kynurenine and quinolinic acid in renal insufficiency." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 279, no. 3 (2000): F565—F572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.3.f565.

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Marked increases in metabolites of thel-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, l-kynurenine and quinolinic acid (Quin), were observed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of both the rat and human with renal insufficiency. The mechanisms responsible for their accumulation after renal insufficiency were investigated. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency, elevated levels of serum l-kynurenine and Quin were reduced by hemodialysis. In renal-insufficient rats, Quin andl-kynurenine levels in serum, brain, and CSF were also increased parallel to the severity of renal insufficiency. Urinary excreti

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2

Noakes, Rowland R. "Effects of Tranilast on the Urinary Excretion of Kynurenic and Quinolinic Acid under Conditions of L Tryptophan Loading." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 6 (January 2013): IJTR.S12797. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijtr.s12797.

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The pathogenesis of morphea and other cutaneous sclerosing disorders remain poorly understood. Although they are considered to be autoimmune disorders, abnormal tryptophan metabolism may be involved. Current therapy is directed to supressing the autoimmune response. Demonstration of a therapeutic response to manipulation of the kynurenine pathway would both support a role for abnormal tryptophan metabolism and offer additional targets for therapy. Tranilast is a 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid derivative known to target the kynurenine pathway. The aim of this study was to see if tranilast lowered th

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3

Chojnacki, Cezary, Tomasz Popławski, Jan Chojnacki, Michał Fila, Paulina Konrad, and Janusz Blasiak. "Tryptophan Intake and Metabolism in Older Adults with Mood Disorders." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (2020): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103183.

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The role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of depression is well-documented, while the involvement of other tryptophan (TRP) metabolites generated in the kynurenine pathway is less known. The aim of this study was to assess the intake and metabolism of TRP in elderly patients with mood disorders. Ninety subjects in three groups, 30 subjects each, were enrolled in this study: controls (healthy young adults, group I) and elderly individuals without (group II) or with (group III) symptoms of mild and moderate depression, as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and further refer

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4

Polyák, Helga, Zsolt Galla, Cecilia Rajda, Péter Monostori, Péter Klivényi, and László Vécsei. "Plasma and Visceral Organ Kynurenine Metabolites Correlate in the Multiple Sclerosis Cuprizone Animal Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 3 (2025): 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030976.

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The cuprizone (CPZ) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) is excellent for studying the molecular differences behind the damage caused by poisoning. Metabolic differences in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan (TRP) degradation are observed in both MS and a CPZ mouse model. Our goal was to analyze the kynurenine, serotonin, and indole pathways of TRP degradation on the periphery, in the neurodegenerative processes of inflammation. In our study, mice were fed with 0.2% CPZ toxin for 5 weeks. We examined the metabolites in the three pathways of TRP breakdown in urine, plasma, and relevant visce

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5

de Vries, Laura V., Isidor Minović, Casper F. M. Franssen, et al. "The tryptophan/kynurenine pathway, systemic inflammation, and long-term outcome after kidney transplantation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 313, no. 2 (2017): F475—F486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00690.2016.

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Tryptophan is metabolized along the kynurenine pathway, initially to kynurenine, and subsequently to cytotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine. There is increasing interest in this pathway because of its proinflammatory nature, and drugs interfering in it have received increasing attention. We aimed to investigate whether serum and urinary parameters of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway, and particularly cytotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine, are associated with systemic inflammation and long-term outcome in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Data were collected in outpatient RTR with a functioning graft for >

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6

Landfried, Karin, Wentao Zhu, Magdalena C. Waldhier, et al. "Tryptophan catabolism is associated with acute GVHD after human allogeneic stem cell transplantation and indicates activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase." Blood 118, no. 26 (2011): 6971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-357814.

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Abstract Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway, acts as a potent immunoregulatory loop. To address its role in human allogeneic stem cell transplantation, we measured major tryptophan metabolites, such as quinolinic acid and kynurenine, in serial urine specimens from 51 patients by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were collected between admission and day 90 after transplantation, and metabolite levels were correlated with early clinical events and outcome. In selected patients, IDO

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7

Marfella, A., R. A. Satriano, C. Polese, M. Perna, and M. Pisani. "Urinary Neopterin and Kynurenine in Herpes gestationis." Dermatology 183, no. 1 (1991): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000247636.

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8

Engin, Ayse Basak, Bensu Karahalil, Ali Esat Karakaya, and Atilla Engin. "Exposure to Helicobacter pylori and Serum Kynurenine to Tryptophan Ratio in Patients with Gastric Cancer." Pteridines 21, no. 1 (2010): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2010.21.1.110.

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Abstract In Helicobacter pylori seropositive individuals, the subsequent risk of non-cardia gastric cancer development is frequently attributed to the infection agent. Although the link between inflammation and gastric cancer is formally recognized, the molecular basis of evading mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori from host immune system remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of systemic factors in gastric cancer patients such as serum kynurenine to tryptophan ratios, neopterin, nitric oxide and urinary biopterin levels which may sustain the persistence of Helicobact

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9

Chojnacki, Cezary, Aleksandra Błońska, Paulina Konrad, Marcin Chojnacki, Marcin Podogrocki, and Tomasz Poplawski. "Changes in Tryptophan Metabolism on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome." Nutrients 15, no. 5 (2023): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15051262.

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(1) Background: L-tryptophan is a substrate for the synthesis of many biological compounds through the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These compounds have a significant influence on gastrointestinal functions and mental processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the urinary excretion of selected tryptophan metabolites in patients with constipation-predominant and diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C and IBS-D, respectively), related to somatic and mental symptoms. (2) Methods: 120 people were included in the study and three groups were distinguished, with 40 individua

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Chojnacki, Marcin, Aleksandra Błońska, Aleksandra Kaczka, et al. "Assessment of the Gut Microbiome in Patients with Coexisting Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Nutrients 17, no. 13 (2025): 2232. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132232.

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Background: The gut microbiome is a key modulator of the gut–brain axis and may contribute to the pathophysiology of both gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate gut microbiota composition and tryptophan/phenylalanine metabolism in women with unclassified irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-U), with or without coexisting chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Methods: Eighty women were enrolled and divided into two groups: IBS-U without CFS (Group I, n = 40) and IBS-U with coexisting CFS (Group II, n = 40). Microbial composition and diversity were assessed using the GA-map™ Dy

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Pilka, Radovan, David Neubert, David Stejskal, et al. "Serum concentrations of TFF3, S100-A11 and AIF-1 in association with systemic inflammatory response, disease stage and nodal involvement in endometrial cancer." Pteridines 29, no. 1 (2018): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2018-0003.

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AbstractTo compare preoperative intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and calgizzarin (S100-A11) serum levels in patients with endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia and in healthy female controls. Serum levels of TFF3, S100- A11 and AIP-1 were analyzed in 98 consecutive patients with histologically verified endometrial cancer, in 43 patients with endometrial hyperplasia diagnosed during hysteroscopy and 24 controls with benign disease. Results were correlated with urinary neopterin/creatinine ratio, serum kynurenine, tryptophan, retinol, alpha-tocoph

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12

De Ravin, Suk See, Kol A. Zarember, Debra Long-Priel, et al. "Tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism in human leukocytes is independent of superoxide and is fully maintained in chronic granulomatous disease." Blood 116, no. 10 (2010): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-07-233734.

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Abstract In chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), defective phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity causes reduced superoxide anion (O2·̄) radical production leading to frequent infections as well as granulomas and impaired wound healing indicative of excessive inflammation. Based on recent mouse studies, the lack of O2·̄-dependent interferon γ (IFNγ)–induced synthesis of kynurenine (kyn), an anti-inflammatory tryptophan metabolite produced by indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO), was proposed as a cause of hyperinflammation in CGD and this pathway has been c

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13

Loughman, Jennifer A., Melanie L. Yarbrough, Kristin M. Tiemann, and David A. Hunstad. "Local Generation of Kynurenines Mediates Inhibition of Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 4 (2016): 1176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01202-15.

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During epithelial infections, pathogenic bacteria employ an array of strategies to attenuate and evade host immune responses, including the influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN; neutrophils). Among the most common bacterial infections in humans are those of the urinary tract, caused chiefly by uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC). During the establishment of bacterial cystitis, UPEC suppresses innate responses via multiple independent strategies. We recently described UPEC attenuation of PMN trafficking to the urinary bladder through pathogen-specific local induction of indoleamine 2,3-d

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14

Hiratsuka, Chiaki, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, and Katsumi Shibata. "Fate of Dietary Tryptophan in Young Japanese Women." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 5 (January 2012): IJTR.S10497. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijtr.s10497.

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The purpose of this study was to determine, using the high-performance liquid chromatographic methods recently modified by us, the fate of dietary tryptophan in 17 healthy female Japanese adults who ate self-selected food. The experimental period was 22 days. The habitual intake of tryptophan was 3328.4 μmol/day. 24-hour urine samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment and then once per week. Blood was collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. Levels of tryptophan and its metabolites were measured in blood and urine. Tryptophan, nicotinamide and 2-oxoadipic acid were

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15

Amann, Anton, Bernhard Widner, Josef Rieder, et al. "Monitoring of immune activation using biochemical changes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest." Mediators of Inflammation 10, no. 6 (2001): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09629350120102370.

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In animal models, immune activation is often difficult to assess because of the limited availability of specific assays to detect cytokine activities. In human monocytes/macrophages, interferon-γ induces increased production of neopterin and an enhanced activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which degrades tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway. Therefore, monitoring of neopterin concentrations and of tryptophan degradation can serve to detect the extent of T helper cell 1-type immune activation during cellular immune response in humans. In a porcine model of cardiac arrest, we examined the p

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16

Huber, Leonhard, Christiana Winkler, Katharina Schroecksnadel, Willi Geser, Christian Schubert, and Dietmar Fuchs. "Serial Analysis of Tryptophan Degradation and Neopterin Formation in an otherwise Healthy Individual before and during an Infectious Episode." Pteridines 17, no. 1 (2006): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2006.17.1.25.

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Abstract Thl-type cytokine interferon-y induces neopterin production in human monocyte-derived macrophages and it stimulates enzyme indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO) which converts tryptophan to kynurenine in various cells. In an integrative single-case study, a healthy, 27-year-old female had collected her entire urine in 12-hour (= I lag) intervals on 56 consecutive days. Neopterin, tryptophan, kynurenine and Creatinine concentrations were determined using HPLC. The kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (kyn/trp) was calcuiated as an index for IDO activity. Within the Observation period, the woma

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Palabiyik, Saziye Sezin, Gozde Girgin, Ali Asci, et al. "Folate, neopterin and kynurenine pathway in patients with statin therapy." Pteridines 27, no. 1-2 (2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2015-0011.

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AbstractStatins, widely used antihyperlipidemic drugs, also have immunomodulatory properties independent from their lipid lowering effect. Even with slight modulations in the immune system, pteridine levels can display changes. The effect of statins on pteridines and related pathways has been demonstrated in a limited number of studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible changes in neopterin and folate levels, and tryptophan (Trp) degradation in hyperlipidemic patients. Patients who were admitted to the cardiology clinic were randomly grouped if they were having statin treatment

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Fila, Michal, Jan Chojnacki, Marcin Derwich, Cezary Chojnacki, Elzbieta Pawlowska, and Janusz Blasiak. "Urine 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Negatively Correlates with Migraine Occurrence and Characteristics in the Interictal Phase of Episodic Migraine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10 (2024): 5471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105471.

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Although migraine belongs to the main causes of disability worldwide, the mechanisms of its pathogenesis are poorly known. As migraine diagnosis is based on the subjective assessment of symptoms, there is a need to establish objective auxiliary markers to support clinical diagnosis. Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has been associated with the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the present work, we investigated an association between migraine and the urine concentration of TRP and its metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) an

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Zhu, Huiwei, Abu S. Abdullah, Jingyi He, et al. "Untargeted Urinary Metabolomics and Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: The Influence of Individual Differences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020710.

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Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a severe public health problem. There is still a lack of evidence regarding panoramic changes in children’s urinary metabolites induced by their involuntary exposure to SHS, and few studies have considered individual differences. This study aims to clarify the SHS-induced changes in urinary metabolites in preschool children by using cross-sectional and longitudinal metabolomics analyses. Urinary metabolites were quantified by using untargeted ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC(c)-MS/MS). Urine cotinine-measured

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Marfella, Antonio, Claudio Polese, Patrizia d'Alessio, Gerardo Beneduce, Francesco Rossi, and Mario Perna. "An HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of urinary neopterin and kynurenine." Pharmacological Research 26 (September 1992): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-6618(92)90651-q.

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21

Yarbrough, Melanie L., Kelleigh E. Briden, John V. Mitsios, et al. "Mass spectrometric measurement of urinary kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in children with and without urinary tract infection." Clinical Biochemistry 56 (June 2018): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.04.014.

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22

Girgin, Gözde, Terken Baydar, Dietmar Fuchs, Gönül Sahin, Elif Özmert, and Kadriye Yurdakök. "Evaluation of Serum and Urinary Levels of some Pteridine Pathway Components in Healthy Turkish Children." Pteridines 23, no. 1 (2012): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2012.23.1.90.

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Abstract Neopterin, as a non-conjugated pteridine, is synthesized from guanosine triphosphate and its production is upregulated upon the activation of cellular immune response. Alterations of pteridines in body fluids are known to correlate well with existing diseases and stages, prognosis, clinical outcomes and survival data. It is of advantage to have a pteridine database of healthy volunteers to determine normal values. Thereby, especially in children there is no detailed study on pteridine levels. The aim of this study is to initiate the establishment of pteridine database of healthy child

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Yamamoto, Mai, Meera Shanmuganathan, Lara Hart, Nikhil Pai, and Philip Britz-McKibbin. "Urinary Metabolites Enable Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Metabolites 11, no. 4 (2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11040245.

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Rates of pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are increasing globally. Differentiation of these inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subtypes however can be challenging when relying on invasive endoscopic approaches. We sought to identify urinary metabolic signatures of pediatric IBD at diagnosis, and during induction treatment. Nontargeted metabolite profiling of urine samples from CD (n = 18) and UC (n = 8) in a pediatric retrospective cohort study was performed using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Over 122 urinary metabolites were relia

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Han, Qian, Cihan Yang, Jun Lu, Yinai Zhang, and Jianyong Li. "Metabolism of Oxalate in Humans: A Potential Role Kynurenine Aminotransferase/Glutamine Transaminase/Cysteine Conjugate Betalyase Plays in Hyperoxaluria." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 26 (2019): 4944–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190325095223.

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Hyperoxaluria, excessive urinary oxalate excretion, is a significant health problem worldwide. Disrupted oxalate metabolism has been implicated in hyperoxaluria and accordingly, an enzymatic disturbance in oxalate biosynthesis can result in the primary hyperoxaluria. Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase-1 and glyoxylate reductase, the enzymes involving glyoxylate (precursor for oxalate) metabolism, have been related to primary hyperoxalurias. Some studies suggest that other enzymes such as glycolate oxidase and alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase-2 might be associated with primary hyperoxaluria

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Pedersen, Eva Ringdal, Gard Frodahl Tveitevåg Svingen, Hall Schartum-Hansen, et al. "Urinary excretion of kynurenine and tryptophan, cardiovascular events, and mortality after elective coronary angiography." European Heart Journal 34, no. 34 (2013): 2689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht264.

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Wu, Ming-Hsien, Chia-Ni Lin, Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu, and Szu-Tah Chen. "Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio Predicts Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Responsiveness in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease." Diagnostics 10, no. 4 (2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10040207.

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Albuminuria is a measurement and determinant factor for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) is recommended for albuminuria in DKD with variable response. To find surrogate markers to predict the therapeutic effect of ARB, we carried out a prospective study to correlate plasma metabolites and the progression of renal function/albuminuria in DKD patients. A total of 56 type 2 diabetic patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease and albuminuria were recruited. ARB was prescribed once albuminuria was established. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) w

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Hubková, Beáta, Marcela Valko-Rokytovská, Beáta Čižmárová, Marianna Zábavníková, Mária Mareková, and Anna Birková. "Tryptophan: Its Metabolism along the Kynurenine, Serotonin, and Indole Pathway in Malignant Melanoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (2022): 9160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169160.

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(1) Background: Tryptophan metabolism is known to be one of the important mechanisms used by cancer to evade immune surveillance. Altered tryptophan metabolism was studied in patients with pigmented malignant melanoma confirmed histologically by the anatomic stage grouping for cutaneous melanoma using clinical staging on the basis of the Breslow thickness of the melanoma, the degree of spread to regional lymph nodes, and by the presence of distant metastasis. (2) Methods: Urinary tryptophan metabolites were detected by RP-HPLC method. (3) Results: In the present work, we provided evidence of a

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Rueda, G. H., N. Causada-Calo, A. Nardelli, et al. "A248 THE ROLE OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN IN INDOLE AND KYNURENINE PRODUCTION AND IMMUNE MODULATION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 5, Supplement_1 (2022): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab049.247.

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Abstract Background Natural supplements are widely consumed by the general public, with little evidence of mechanistic support. Tryptophan has gained central attention, being transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity and mood. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Tryptophan has been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, however the clinical data to support this are missing. Aims To investigate clinical, immune, and metabolic parameters

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Rodriguez, T., A. Muńoz, A. Molina, E. Narbona, A. Bonillo, and Molina Font. "162 URINARY EXCRETION OF KYNURENINE AND MELATONIN METABOLITES OF TRYPTOPHAN IN CONVULSIVE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN." Pediatric Research 28, no. 3 (1990): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199009000-00186.

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Mergola, Lucia, Ciriana Orabona, Elisa Albini, Giuseppe Vasapollo, Sonia Scorrano, and Roberta Del Sole. "Urinary l -kynurenine quantification and selective extraction through a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction device." Journal of Separation Science 41, no. 16 (2018): 3204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201800458.

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Blonska, Aleksandra, Marcin Chojnacki, Anna Macieja, et al. "Tryptophan Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women with Functional Constipation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 1 (2023): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010273.

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Constipation belongs to conditions commonly reported by postmenopausal women, but the mechanism behind this association is not fully known. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between some metabolites of tryptophan (TRP) and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms (Rome IV) in postmenopausal women with functional constipation (FC, n = 40) as compared with age-adjusted postmenopausal women without FC. All women controlled their TRP intake in their daily diet. Urinary levels of TRP and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), an

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Chojnacki, Jan, Paulina Konrad, Marta Mędrek-Socha, et al. "The Variability of Tryptophan Metabolism in Patients with Mixed Type of Irritable Bowel Syndrome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (2024): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052550.

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Patients with a mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M) experience constipation and diarrhea, which alternate between weeks or months. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is still little understood. The aim of the study was mainly to evaluate the urinary excretion of selected tryptophan (TRP) metabolites during the constipation and diarrhea periods of this syndrome. In 36 patients with IBS-M and 36 healthy people, serum serotonin level was measured by ELISA and urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN) and indican (3-IS) were determined using the LC-MS/MS met

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Njagi, E. N. M., D. A. Bender, and G. B. A. Okelo. "Tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 nutritional status in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni and in infected mice." Parasitology 104, no. 3 (1992): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000063691.

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Patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni showed an abnormal response to a test dose of tryptophan, with little increase in the urinary excretion of kynurenine, hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic and kynurenic acids, N1-methyl nicotinamide, methyl pyridone carboxamide, 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. In contrast to previous reports, this is different from the pattern of tryptophan metabolism seen in vitamin B6 deficiency. Furthermore, the patients' plasma concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate were within the reference range, and supplementation for 5 days with 20 mg vitamin B6/

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Rueda, G. H., N. Causada-Calo, R. Borojevic, et al. "A8 DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN MODULATES KYNURENINE AND INDOLE PRODUCTION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (2021): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.007.

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Abstract Background Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into multiple bioactive metabolites that regulate immunity, mood and circadian rhythms. In particular, indoles, produced by gut bacterial metabolism of tryptophan, have recently gained central attention. Indoles are activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and immunity. Tryptophan supplementation in fortified foods have been advocated to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions, from autism to chronic inflammatio

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Osredkar, Joško, Kristina Kumer, Uroš Godnov, et al. "Urinary Metabolomic Profile in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5 (2025): 2254. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052254.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with disruptions in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, affecting the production of key neuroactive metabolites. Investigating these metabolic pathways could yield valuable biomarkers for ASD severity and progression. We included 44 children with ASD and 44 healthy children, members of the same family. The average age in the ASD group was 10.7 years, while the average age in the control group was 9.4 years. Urinary tryptophan metabolites were quantified via liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry operating multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Urinary

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Marfella, Antonio, Antonio Bilancio, Claudio Polese, et al. "Urinary neopterin and kynurenine in patients submitted to surgical stress with different inhalational anesthetics (halothane or isoflurane)." International Journal of Immunopharmacology 21, no. 7 (1999): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0192-0561(99)00021-1.

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Dogruman-Al, Funda, Ayşe Başak Engin, Neslihan Bukan, Seda Evirgen-Bostanci, and Kemal Çeber. "Late-stage systemic immune effectors in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection: biopterin and oxidative stress." Pteridines 26, no. 3 (2015): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2014-0019.

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AbstractTo investigate the involvement of systemic oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of murine cerebral malaria, mice were infected with the Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) ANKA 6653 strain. Serum tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine and urinary biopterin, liver, brain, spleen and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels were measured on day 7 post-inoculation. Our data showed a significant decrease in SOD and an increase in GPx activity and MDA level in all the examined biological materials (p<0.05), except spleen

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Post, Adrian, Marleen Huberts, Enya Poppe, et al. "Tryptophan Intake and Tryptophan Losses in Hemodialysis Patients: A Balance Study." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (2019): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122851.

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Tryptophan depletion is common in hemodialysis patients. The cause of this depletion remains largely unknown, but reduced nutritional tryptophan intake, losses during dialysis or an increased catabolism due to an inflammatory state are likely contributors. Currently, little is known about tryptophan homeostasis in hemodialysis patients. We assessed dietary tryptophan intake, measured plasma tryptophan during dialysis, and measured the combined urinary and dialysate excretion of tryptophan in 40 hemodialysis patients (66 ± 15 years and 68% male). Patients had low tryptophan concentrations (27 ±

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Chojnacki, Cezary, Anita Gąsiorowska, Tomasz Popławski, et al. "Beneficial Effect of Increased Tryptophan Intake on Its Metabolism and Mental State of the Elderly." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (2023): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040847.

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The elderly often suffer from sleep disorders and depression, which contribute to mood disorders. In our previous work, we showed that elderly individuals with mood disorders had a lower intake of TRP and recommended a TRP-based dietary intervention to improve the mental state of such individuals. In this work, we assessed the impact of a TRP-rich diet on the mental state of, and TRP metabolism in, elderly individuals with mood disorders. Forty elderly individuals with depression and sleep disorders and an equal number of elderly subjects without mood disorders were enrolled in this study. TRP

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Chung, So Hyeon, Dallah Yoo, Tae-Beom Ahn, Wonwoong Lee, and Jongki Hong. "Profiling Analysis of Tryptophan Metabolites in the Urine of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Using LC–MS/MS." Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 10 (2023): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16101495.

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Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a representative neurodegenerative disorder and shows characteristic motor impediments, the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment targets for PD have not yet been clearly identified. Since several tryptophan metabolites produced by gut microbiota could pass the blood–brain barrier and, furthermore, might influence the central nervous system, tryptophan metabolites within the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin metabolic pathways might be the most potent targets for PD development. Furthermore, most metabolites are circulated via the blood, play roles in

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Girgin, Gözde, Saziye Sezin Palabiyik-Yücelik, Hande Sipahi, et al. "Mercury exposure, neopterin profile, and tryptophan degradation in dental technicians." Pteridines 33, no. 1 (2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2022-0040.

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Abstract Amalgam has been widely used as a restorative dental material for over 150 years. Most standard dental amalgam formulations contain approximately 50% elemental mercury in a mixture of copper, tin, silver, and zinc. Mercury is a highly volatile metal, which can easily vaporize to a colorless and odorless gas. It has been demonstrated that mercury is released from dental amalgam, which is increased by chewing, eating, brushing, and drinking hot liquids. Besides this, amalgam is the main occupational exposure source of mercury for dental workers. It is known that mercury exposure causes

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Carmona, Cristóbal J., Manuel German-Morales, David Elizondo, Victor Ruiz-Rodado, and Martin Grootveld. "Urinary Metabolic Distinction of Niemann–Pick Class 1 Disease through the Use of Subgroup Discovery." Metabolites 13, no. 10 (2023): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101079.

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In this investigation, we outline the applications of a data mining technique known as Subgroup Discovery (SD) to the analysis of a sample size-limited metabolomics-based dataset. The SD technique utilized a supervised learning strategy, which lies midway between classificational and descriptive criteria, in which given the descriptive property of a dataset (i.e., the response target variable of interest), the primary objective was to discover subgroups with behaviours that are distinguishable from those of the complete set (albeit with a differential statistical distribution). These approache

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Bonzo, Jessica A., Andrew D. Patterson, Kristopher W. Krausz та Frank J. Gonzalez. "Metabolomics Identifies Novel Hnf1α-Dependent Physiological Pathways in Vivo". Molecular Endocrinology 24, № 12 (2010): 2343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2010-0130.

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Abstract Mutations in the HNF1A gene cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3, one of the most common genetic causes of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. Although the whole-body Hnf1a-null mouse recapitulates the low insulin levels and high blood glucose observed in human maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 patients, these mice also suffer from Laron dwarfism and aminoaciduria, suggesting a role for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (Hnf1α) in pathophysiologies distinct from non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. In an effort to identify pathways associat

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Xu, Qi, Xiaoxuan Liu, Heng Heng, et al. "Myeloid-derived suppressor cell inhibits T-cell-based defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection via IDO1 production." PLOS Pathogens 21, no. 3 (2025): e1012979. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012979.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is responsible for a wide range of infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. However, the treatment options are limited due to the continuous evolution of drug-resistant and hypervirulent variants. It is crucial to investigate the mechanisms behind the high mortality rate of hypervirulent Kp (hvKp) strains to develop new strategies for preventing hvKp from evading the host’s defenses and improving treatment effectiveness for these fatal infections. In this study, we used a hvKp-induced mouse bacteremia model and performed single-cell RNA

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Chojnacki, Cezary, Marta Mędrek-Socha, Aleksandra Błońska, et al. "A Low FODMAP Diet Supplemented with L-Tryptophan Reduces the Symptoms of Functional Constipation in Elderly Patients." Nutrients 16, no. 7 (2024): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16071027.

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(1) Background: The elderly suffer from functional constipation (FC), whose causes are not fully known, but nutritional factors may play a role. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a low FODMAP diet supplemented with L-tryptophan (TRP) on its metabolism and symptoms of functional constipation in elderly patients. (2) Methods: This study included 40 people without abdominal complaints (Group I, controls) and 60 patients with FC, diagnosed according to the Rome IV Criteria (Group II). Two groups were randomly selected: Group IIA (n = 30) was qualified for administration of t

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Rodrick, Tori C., Yik Siu, Michael A. Carlock, Ted M. Ross, and Drew R. Jones. "Urine Metabolome Dynamics Discriminate Influenza Vaccination Response." Viruses 15, no. 1 (2023): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010242.

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Influenza represents a major and ongoing public health hazard. Current collaborative efforts are aimed toward creating a universal flu vaccine with the goals of both improving responses to vaccination and increasing the breadth of protection against multiple strains and clades from a single vaccine. As an intermediate step toward these goals, the current work is focused on evaluating the systemic host response to vaccination in both normal and high-risk populations, such as the obese and geriatric populations, which have been linked to poor responses to vaccination. We therefore employed a met

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Glavan, Mihaela-Roxana, Carmen Socaciu, Andreea Iulia Socaciu, et al. "Targeted Analysis of Serum and Urinary Metabolites for Early Chronic Kidney Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 7 (2025): 2862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26072862.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become one of the most rapidly advancing diseases of the century, contributing significantly to increased mortality and morbidity. Metabolomics presents a promising approach to understanding CKD pathogenesis and identifying novel biomarkers for early diagnosis. This study evaluated serum and urine metabolomic profiles in CKD patients with declining glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). Using targeted metabolomics, we quantified seven potential metabolites in blood and urine samples from 20 healthy individuals and 99 CKD patients staged by eGFR according to the KD

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SHIBATA, Katsumi. "Relationship between urinary excretion of kynurenic acid and protein intake in rats." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54, no. 6 (1990): 1591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.54.1591.

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Shibata, Katsumi. "Relationship between Urinary Excretion of Kynurenic Acid and Protein Intake in Rats." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54, no. 6 (1990): 1591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870169.

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Mogos, Maria, Oana Milas, Carmen Socaciu, et al. "Urinary and Serum Amino Acids May Be Associated with Podocyte, Proximal Tubule, and Renal Endothelial Injury in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients." Biomedicines 13, no. 3 (2025): 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030675.

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Background/Objectives: The pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is complex and multifactorial. Because of its complications and reduced number of diagnostic biomarkers, it is important to explore new biomarkers with possible roles in the early diagnosis of DKD. Our study aims to investigate the pattern of previously identified metabolites and their association with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction, and podocyte injury. Methods: A total of 110 participants, comprising 20 healthy individuals and 90 patients divided in three groups were enrolled in

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