Journal articles: 'Urinary system disease'

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Fitriana, Jevita Dwi, Budi Prasetiyo, and Riza Arifudin. "Expert System Diagnosis of Urinary System Diseases using Forward Chaining and Dempster Shafer." Scientific Journal of Informatics 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v7i1.22400.

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Expert system is a computer system that can adopt human knowledge into a computer. Expert system can be used to solve problems commonly performed by experts, one of them is the diagnosis of urinary system diseases. Expert system for the diagnosis of the urinary system disease especially for the inflammation of the bladder and these pyelonephritis using the forward chaining and the dempster shafer method. Forward chaining is used to diagnose disease based on the rules and the dempster shafer is used to determine the value of confidence. The goal is to build an expert system using forward chaining and dempster shafer methods to diagnose early urinary system diseases and to determine the level of accuracy. The data used is the secondary data obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository as much as 120 data and 6 attributes. The result of the implementation of the forward chaining and the dempster shafer methods on this expert system of diagnosis of urinary system diseases generates an accuracy value of 87.5%.

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Amit Kumar Singh, Mishra S.S., and Arun Kumar Dwivedi. "Observational Study to evaluate the role of Ultrasonography and X-Ray in Urinary Disease." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (February 8, 2020): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1959.

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Urinary diseases are very common in our society which system constitutes kidneys ureters urinary bladder and urethra various abnormalities occur in these organs due to many reasons like infection inflammation metabolic abnormalities neoplastic changes trauma etc. these abnormalities lead to various physical problems ending into death many times the abnormalities of urinary system can be diagnosed by hematological examination urine analysis radiological examination and histopathological examination especially radiological examination provide wide range of diagnosis of disease of urinary system of almost all origin although various radiological technique like X-ray (plain and contrast) Ultrasonography CT scan MRI and many others are available but in present study X-ray (plain and contrast ) and ultrasonography were used for diagnosis of disease of urinary system because of its easy availability and affordability the diseases of urinary system has been described under the name of Mutrakrichha and Mutraghata in ayurveda these two conditions are in fact group of clinical entities in which urination is difficult and retention is present respectively further they are divided into various subtypes these conditions resembles clinically with various types of urinary diseases early diagnosis has been the always advocated by ayurveda by virtue of this prevention and management becomes easy in the present study written informed consent has been taken from all the patients early detection of these conditions facilitates the management otherwise renal failure may complicate the condition

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Jehangir, Waqas, Jay Littlefield, George Hanna, Gretchen Bowling, Abdalla Yousif, JohnR Middleton, and Shilpi Singh. "Emphysematous cystitis: A rare disease of Genito-urinary system." North American Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 7 (2015): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.161253.

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SLahin, H., and Z. Bircan. "Urinary system stone disease is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia." Acta Paediatrica 86, no. 12 (December 1997): 1384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb14922.x.

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Fanciulli, Alessandra, Georg Goebel, Giulia Lazzeri, Roberta Granata, Gusztav Kiss, Stefano Strano, Carlo Colosimo, et al. "Urinary retention discriminates multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease." Movement Disorders 34, no. 12 (November 11, 2019): 1926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.27917.

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SAKAI, TATSUO. "Relationship between development and disease in the urinary system." Juntendo Medical Journal 41, no. 3 (1995): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/pjmj.41.296.

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Li, Hui, Eugene Shkolyar, Jing Wang, Simon Conti, Alan C. Pao, Joseph C. Liao, Tak-Sing Wong, and Pak Kin Wong. "SLIPS-LAB—A bioinspired bioanalysis system for metabolic evaluation of urinary stone disease." Science Advances 6, no. 21 (May 2020): eaba8535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba8535.

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Urinary stone disease is among the most common medical conditions. Standard evaluation of urinary stone disease involves a metabolic workup of stone formers based on measurement of minerals and solutes excreted in 24-hour urine samples. Nevertheless, 24-hour urine testing is slow, expensive, and inconvenient for patients, which has hindered widespread adoption in clinical practice. Here, we demonstrate SLIPS-LAB (Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surface Laboratory), a droplet-based bioanalysis system, for rapid measurement of urinary stone–associated analytes. The ultra-repellent and antifouling properties of SLIPS, which is a biologically inspired surface technology, allow autonomous liquid handling and manipulation of physiological samples without complicated sample preparation procedures and supporting equipment. We pilot a study that examines key urinary analytes in clinical samples from patients with urinary stone. The simplicity and speed of SLIPS-LAB hold the potential to provide actionable diagnostic information for patients with urinary stone disease and rapid feedback for responses to dietary and pharmacologic treatments.

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Celik, Orcun, Hakan Türk, Ozgur Cakmak, Rahmi Gokhan Ekin, Mehmet Zeynel Keskin, Guner Yildiz, and Yusuf Ozlem Ilbey. "Current approach for urinary system stone disease in pregnant women." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 87, no. 4 (January 14, 2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2015.4.280.

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Urinary system stones can be classified according to size, location, X-ray characteristics, aetiology of formation, composition, and risk of recurrence. Especially urolithiasis during pregnancy is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In most cases, it becomes symptomatic in the second or third trimester. Diagnostic options in pregnant women are limited due to the possible teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic risk of foetal radiation exposure. Clinical management of a pregnant urolithiasis patient is complex and demands close collaboration between patient, obstetrician and urologist. We would like to review current diagnosis and treatment modalities of stone disease of pregnant woman.

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Kim, Han‐Joon, and Beomseok Jeon. "Does Urinary Retention Discriminate Multiple System Atrophy From Parkinson's Disease?" Movement Disorders 35, no. 5 (May 2020): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.28049.

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Burton, Casey, and Yinfa Ma. "The role of urinary pteridines as disease biomarkers." Pteridines 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2016-0013.

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AbstractPteridines and their derivatives function as intermediates in the metabolism of several vitamins and cofactors, and their relevance to disease has inspired new efforts to study their roles as disease biomarkers. Recent analytical advances, such as the emergence of sensitive mass spectrometry techniques, new workflows for measuring pteridine derivatives in their native oxidation states and increased multiplexing capacities for the simultaneous determination of many pteridine derivatives, have enabled researchers to explore the roles of urinary pteridines as disease biomarkers at much lower levels with greater accuracy than with previous technologies or methods. As a result, urinary pteridines are being increasingly studied as putative cancer biomarkers with promising results being reported from exploratory studies. In addition, the role of urinary neopterin as a universal biomarker for immune system activation is being investigated in new diseases where it is anticipated to become a useful supplementary marker in clinical diagnostic settings. In summary, this review provides an overview of recent developments in the clinical study of urinary pteridines as disease biomarkers, covers the most promising aspects of advanced analytical techniques being developed for the determination of urinary pteridines and discusses the major challenges associated with implementing pteridine biomarkers in clinical laboratory settings.

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Genç, Mine, Berhan Genç, Serap Karaarslan, Aynur Solak, and Musa Saraçoglu. "Endometriosis localized to urinary bladder wall mimicking urinary bladder carcinoma." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 86, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2014.3.233.

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Although endometriosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age, urinary system endometriosis is an exceedingly rare disease that may cause important clinical problems. In this paper we discussed a 42-year-old woman who had urinary bladder endometriosis misdiagnosed as urinary bladder tumor in imaging modalities. The diagnosis of endometriosis was made by histopathological examination of the operative material after partial resection of the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder endometriosis causes nonspecific signs and symptoms in many patients. In female patients presenting with unexplained urinary symptoms the differential diagnosis should include urinary bladder endometriosis that may mimic urinary bladder cancer and lead to difficulties in making definitive preoperative diagnosis.

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Umalatova, M. I., G. M. Letifov, and B. P. Makhachev. "Morphofunctional disorders of the cardiovascular system in cakutsyndrome in children." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 24, no. 5 (August 31, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-5-37-42.

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BACKGROUND. Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract in children are included in the concept of CAKUT (congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinal tract) - a syndrome and are often accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular system, which requires an interdisciplinary approach when observing them. THE AIM: to evaluate the nature and frequency of morphofunctional disorders ofthe cardiovascular system in children with CAKUT syndrome and optimize their medical follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 120 children were examined-90 with CAKUT syndrome (group 1) (24 - the doubling of the urinary tract, 36 - with congenital hydronephrosis, 30 - with polycystic kidney disease), and 30 practically healthy children (group 2). In group 1, there were 38 (42.2%) boys and 52 (57.8%) girls aged 4 to 16 years (average age 8±5.82 years), in group 2-13 (43.3%) boys and 17 (56.7%) girls aged 4 to 15 years (average age 6±6.73 years). A comprehensive examination of the urinary and cardiovascular systems was performed using ultrasound diagnostics and Holter monitoring of ECG and blood pressure. Statistical processing was performed using the program "Statistica 8.0"("Stat Soft Inc., USA"). RESULTS. In CAKUT syndrome, often chronic infection was registered in children with a doubling of MVP (91.7%), hydronephrosis (88.9%). Persistent and increased crystalluria was observed in every third patient (33.3%) with a doubling of MVP, in 47.2% of children with hydronephrosis, and in almost 2/3 of patients (73.3%) with the polycystic disease. In children with CAKUT syndrome, congenital heart disease was detected in 15.0% of cases, with a high frequency of small heart abnormalities with a predominance ofthe left ventricular false chord (38.9%) and mitral valve prolapse (33.6%). CONCLUSION. The data obtained by us justify the need to include in the standard of dispensary observation of children with urinary tract congenital malformation examination by a pediatric cardiologist 1 -2 times a year with additional examination ofthe cardiovascular system (ECG, heart ultrasound, and daily blood pressure monitoring).

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Celik, Orcun, Hakan Türk, Rahmi Gokhan Ekin, Ozgur Cakmak, Salih Budak, Mehmet Zeynel Keskin, Guner Yildiz, and Yusuf Ozlem Ilbey. "ERRATUM: Current approach for urinary system stone disease in pregnant women." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 88, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2016.1.77.

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Startsev, V. Yu Startsev, P. R. Asfandiyarov Asfandiyarov, and A. Y. Kolmakov Kolmakov. "Parasitic disease of urinary tract system (on the example of schistosomiasis)." Urologiia 5_2018 (December 13, 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/urology.2018.5.35-38.

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Guner, Numan Dogu, Turgut Alp, Ali Aydin, Mehmet Demir, and Sabahattin Aydin. "Treatment modalities for the upper urinary system stone disease in Turkey." Türk Üroloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Urology 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tud.2010.046.

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Türk, Hakan, and Sıtkı Ün. "Predictive factors for stone disease in patients with renal colic." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 89, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2017.2.143.

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Introduction: Many patients present to urology and emergency departments for acute renal colic complaints. There are many different imaging studies that can be used in patients with a pre-diagnosis of acute renal colic. In this study, we would like to assess the efficacy of using clinical and laboratory results in patients with flank pain complaint as a predictive factor of urinary system stone disease. Materials and methods: All patients were assessed using spinal non-contrast complete abdominal computerized tomography and urine analysis. Presence of stones and their number and size were recorded. Results: 516 patients who were included in the study were divided into 2 groups according to urinary stone presence. Group 1 (n = 388) consisted of patients with stones meanwhile patients in Group 2 (n = 128) were stone-free. According to these results, male sex, presence of microscopic hematuria, stone history in the family, nausea and emesis in addition to pain and accompanying urinary symptoms were detected as predictive factors in diagnosing urinary stone disease by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: From our study results, we can conclude that uroflowmetry is a very useful tool in monitoring lower urinary system complaints.

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Verdejo Bravo, Carlos. "Aging of the urogenital system." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 10, no. 4 (November 2000): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095925980001042x.

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In this review, the principal morphological and functional changes which occur in relationship to aging in both the genital tract and lower urinary tract are discussed. Aging of the upper urinary tract is not considered.Much of the evidence for age-related changes comes from cross-sectional studies with their inherent methodological limitations. Furthermore, it is difficult to accept ‘normal aging’ criteria that do not take into consideration the role of the acute and chronic disease so prevalent in elderly people. Thus, more longitudinal studies are needed in order to provide a more exact analysis of the influence of aging on the urogenital system, as for all other systems of the body.

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GHERGARIU, Sabina, Mariana TĂTARU, Michail DIAKOSAVVAS, Loredana Elena OLAR, Sorin Marian MÂRZA, Nicolae COLDEA, and Ionel PAPUC. "Paraclinical Investigations in the Pathology of the Urinary System in Dogs." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 75, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2018.0027.

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In the pathology of the urinary system, given its structural and functional complexity, the clinician must correlate the data obtained from the clinical and paraclinical examination. The aim of the study was to identify and apply the most relevant paraclinical methods for establishing the diagnosis of renal disease in dogs and to develop a reliable and easy to use working protocol. The biological material consisted of 25 dogs of different ages and sexes. The conventional and contrast-enhanced radiological examination together with the ecography, spectrofluorimetric analysis, urinary sediment examination, renal biopsy, cytological examination completed the disease information in order to establish a certitude diagnosis. In the management of patients with urinary disorders, the working protocol should include not only the animal anamnesis and a complete clinical examination but also a paraclinical examination which should be used depending on the patient’s clinical manifestations.

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Salih, Mahdi, Dominique M. Bovée, Lodi C. W. Roksnoer, Niek F. Casteleijn, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Ronald T. Gansevoort, Robert Zietse, A. H. Jan Danser, and Ewout J. Hoorn. "Urinary renin-angiotensin markers in polycystic kidney disease." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 313, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): F874—F881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00209.2017.

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In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), activation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) may contribute to hypertension and disease progression. Although previous studies have focused on circulating RAAS components, preliminary evidence suggests that APDKD may increase urinary RAAS components. Therefore, our aim was to analyze circulating and urinary RAAS components in ADPKD. We cross-sectionally compared 60 patients with ADPKD with 57 patients with non-ADPKD chronic kidney disease (CKD). The two groups were matched by sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure, and RAAS inhibitor use. Despite similar plasma levels of angiotensinogen and renin, urinary angiotensinogen and renin excretion were five- to sixfold higher in ADPKD ( P < 0.001). These differences persisted when adjusting for group differences and were present regardless of RAAS inhibitor use. In multivariable analyses, ADPKD, albuminuria, and the respective plasma concentrations were independent predictors for urinary angiotensinogen and renin excretion. In ADPKD, both plasma and urinary renin correlated negatively with eGFR. Total kidney volume correlated with plasma renin and albuminuria but not with urinary renin or angiotensinogen excretions. Albuminuria correlated positively with urinary angiotensinogen and renin excretions in ADPKD and CKD. In three ADPKD patients who underwent nephrectomy, the concentrations of albumin and angiotensinogen were highest in plasma, followed by cyst fluid and urine; urinary renin concentrations were higher than cyst fluid. In conclusion, this study shows that, despite similar circulating RAAS component levels, higher urinary excretions of angiotensinogen and renin are a unique feature of ADPKD. Future studies should address the underlying mechanism and whether this may contribute to hypertension or disease progression in ADPKD.

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Miki, Yasuo, Sandrine C. Foti, Yasmine T. Asi, Eiki Tsushima, Niall Quinn, Helen Ling, and Janice L. Holton. "Improving diagnostic accuracy of multiple system atrophy: a clinicopathological study." Brain 142, no. 9 (July 9, 2019): 2813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz189.

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AbstractClinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy is challenging and many patients with Lewy body disease (i.e. Parkinson’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies) or progressive supranuclear palsy are misdiagnosed as having multiple system atrophy in life. The clinical records of 203 patients with a clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy were reviewed to identify diagnostic pitfalls. We also examined 12 features supporting a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (red flag features: orofacial dystonia, disproportionate antecollis, camptocormia and/or Pisa syndrome, contractures of hands or feet, inspiratory sighs, severe dysphonia, severe dysarthria, snoring, cold hands and feet, pathological laughter and crying, jerky myoclonic postural/action tremor and polyminimyoclonus) and seven disability milestones (frequent falls, use of urinary catheters, wheelchair dependent, unintelligible speech, cognitive impairment, severe dysphagia, residential care). Of 203 cases, 160 (78.8%) were correctly diagnosed in life and had pathologically confirmed multiple system atrophy. The remaining 21.2% (43/203) had alternative pathological diagnoses including Lewy body disease (12.8%; n = 26), progressive supranuclear palsy (6.4%; n = 13), cerebrovascular diseases (1%; n = 2), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (0.5%; n = 1) and cerebellar degeneration (0.5%; n = 1). More patients with multiple system atrophy developed ataxia, stridor, dysphagia and falls than patients with Lewy body disease; resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor and hallucinations were more frequent in Lewy body disease. Although patients with multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy shared several symptoms and signs, ataxia and stridor were more common in multiple system atrophy. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed increased likelihood of multiple system atrophy versus Lewy body disease and progressive supranuclear palsy if a patient developed orthostatic hypotension or urinary incontinence with the requirement for urinary catheters [multiple system atrophy versus Lewy body disease: odds ratio (OR): 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–3.7, P = 0.021; multiple system atrophy versus progressive supranuclear palsy: OR: 11.2, 95% CI: 3.2–39.2, P < 0.01]. Furthermore, autonomic dysfunction within the first 3 years from onset can differentiate multiple system atrophy from progressive supranuclear palsy (multiple system atrophy versus progressive supranuclear palsy: OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2–9.7, P = 0.023). Multiple system atrophy patients with predominant parkinsonian signs had a higher number of red flag features than patients with Lewy body disease (OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 3.2–24.2, P < 0.01) and progressive supranuclear palsy (OR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.7–13.6, P < 0.01). The number of red flag features in multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar signs was also higher than in Lewy body disease (OR: 7.0, 95% CI: 2.5–19.5, P < 0.01) and progressive supranuclear palsy (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–8.9, P = 0.032). Patients with multiple system atrophy had shorter latency to reach use of urinary catheter and longer latency to residential care than progressive supranuclear palsy patients, whereas patients with Lewy body disease took longer to reach multiple milestones than patients with multiple system atrophy. The present study has highlighted features which should improve the ante-mortem diagnostic accuracy of multiple system atrophy.

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Panicker, Jalesh N., Sara Simeoni, Yasuo Miki, Amit Batla, Valeria Iodice, Janice L. Holton, Ryuji Sakakibara, and Thomas T. Warner. "Early presentation of urinary retention in multiple system atrophy: can the disease begin in the sacral spinal cord?" Journal of Neurology 267, no. 3 (November 12, 2019): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09597-2.

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Abstract Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction presents early in multiple system atrophy (MSA), usually initially as urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence, and voiding difficulties/urinary retention becomes apparent over time. We have observed a subset of patients who instead presented initially with urinary retention requiring catheterisation. At presentation, these patients had only subtle neurological signs that would not fulfil the diagnostic criteria of MSA; however, the anal sphincter electromyography (EMG) was abnormal and they reported bowel and sexual dysfunction, suggesting localisation at the level of the sacral spinal cord. They subsequently developed classical neurological signs, meeting the diagnostic criteria for probable MSA. One patient was confirmed to have MSA at autopsy. We postulate that in a subset of patients with MSA, the disease begins in the sacral spinal cord and then spreads to other regions resulting in the classical signs of MSA. The transmissibility of alpha-synuclein has been demonstrated in animal models and the spread of pathology from sacral cord to other regions of the central nervous system is therefore plausible. Patients presenting with urinary retention and mild neurological features would be an ideal group for experimental trials evaluating neuroprotection in MSA

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Kryzhanivska, O. O. "MANIFESTATIONS OF URINARY SYSTEM PATHOLOGY AT YOUNG AGE PATIENTS WITH TEMPORОMANDIBULAR JOINT DISEASES." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 15, no. 3-4 (December 26, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.3-4.2019.08.

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Relevance. In recent years, many have been devoted to the problem of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases, in which the attention is paid to the widespread pathology of TMJ at young people, which develops against the background of genetically-determined weakness of connective tissue (CT), which is also present occurrence of various concomitant diseases of polygenic-multifactorial nature, including the organs of the urinary system (US). Objective. To investigate the manifestations of US pathology in young patients with TMJ diseases. Materials and methods. The study involved 32 patients (m-4, w-28) with diseases of the TMJ, whose average age was 31.6 ± 7.7 years, who were treated at the Dental Medical Center of the Bogomolets NMU. Manifestations of US pathology in patients of this group have been investigated. Examination of patients was performed according to the classical method of examination of patients with diseases of the TMJ. The orthopantomography with examination of the mandibular heads, open mouth X-ray by Parma, computed tomography or MRI scan, iridobiomicroscopy were obligatory. The presence of pathology of US was founding out from the anamnesis vitae, the patient was referred for consultation to a nephrologist. Ultrasound of the kidneys, urinary tract, urine tests were performed for all examined patients. The obtained laboratory data were referenced in the International System of Units and processed by variational statistics using MedStat and EZR v.1.35 (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan, 2017), which is a graphical interface to RFSC (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results. The following manifestations of TMJ pathology were found in young patients with US diseases: chronic cystitis – 37.5% of cases, oxalate or urinary crystalluria – 37.5 %, nephroptosis – 9.4 %, urolithiasis – 6.3 %, chronic pyelonephritis – 6.3 %, double kidney – 3.1 %. Structural local or chromatic changes of the iris stroma in the projection region of the kidney (75 %) and bladder (43.6 %) in young patients with TMJ diseases showed a congenital weakness of the CT of these organs and a tendency to develop pathology of the US. Changes in urine tests were mainly in the form of oxalate crystalluria (34.4 %), increase specific gravity (15.6 %), proteinuria (9.4 %), which further confirmed the present pathology of the urinary system. Conclusions. The manifestations of developmental abnormalities and other kidney and bladder diseases found in young patients with TMJ disease suggest that there is a correlation between flow of pathological processes in the TMJ and US, which may be based on changes in the CT system. When planning the treatment of young patients with TMJ diseases and pathology of US, medicines that do not affect the urinary system and do not provoke exacerbation of the disease should be prescribed. In the presence of pathology of the kidneys and/or urinary tract, the ultrasound of this system should be prescribed in consultation with a nephrologist.

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Mahalik, Santosh Kumar, Bikasha Bihary Tripathy, Akash Bihari Pati, and Manoj Kumar Mohanty. "Single System Ectopic Congenital Giant Megaureter Associated with Ipsilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney." APSP Journal of Case Reports 9, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21699/ajcr.v9i2.699.

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Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is a disease spectrum of a wide range of structural and functional anomalies. In this report, we have presented a rare case of CAKUT displaying the wide spectrum of renal and urinary tract anomalies with an unusual association like single system ectopic giant megaureter with the ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney.

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Johnson-Delaney, Cathy A. "Disease of the urinary system of commonly kept rodents: Diagnosis and treatment." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 7, no. 2 (April 1998): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(98)80046-7.

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Ricketts, Richard R. "Fistulas to the urinary system in Crohn’s disease: clinical features and outcomes." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 39, no. 5 (May 2004): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2004.03.008.

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Solem, Craig A., Edward V. Loftus, William J. Tremaine, John H. Pemberton, Bruce G. Wolff, and William J. Sandborn. "Fistulas to the urinary system in Crohn's disease: clinical features and outcomes." American Journal of Gastroenterology 97, no. 9 (September 2002): 2300–2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05983.x.

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Frazier, Ryan L., and Alison R. Huppmann. "Educational Case: Urinary Stones." Academic Pathology 8 (January 1, 2021): 237428952110402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23742895211040209.

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The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040 . 1

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Pop-Trajkovic, Sonja, Aleksandar Ljubic, Vladimir Antic, and Milan Trenkic. "Association of fetal unilateral multicystic kidney disease with other urinary tract anomalies." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 9 (2009): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0909733p.

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Background/Aim. Multicystic dysplastic kidney represents a disorder in the fetus development presented prenatally of postnatally, this deserving special attention due to a risk of additional anomalies in children with this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and type of common anomalies of the urinary system in the prenatal diagnosis of unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, and point out the necessity of postnatal diagnostic procedures in order to evaluate the state of the urinary system. Methods. This retrospective-prospective study encompassed 38 cases of prenatally diagnosed unilateral fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney, presented to the Council for Fetal Anomalies from the Institute for Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Clinical Centre of Serbia and the University Children's Clinic within a three-year period. Associated anomalies were revealed by autopsy findings when pregnancy was terminated, ie resumed with clinical and operative findings of born children. Results. In every case of terminated pregnancy and death after birth the autopsy revealed additional renal or exstrarenal anomaly which were not prenatally detected. Postnatal evaluation of survived children with unilateral multicistic disease revealed that 31,4% of them have an anomaly of the contralateral kidney, 26,3% anomaly of the ipsilateral side, 13,2% anomaly of the lower portions of the urinary system and the same percent an additional extrarenal anomaly. The surgery was performed in 73,6% of children, more than half of the interventions were related to extrarenal anomaly. In 17% of children the kidney function was deteriorated after surgery. Conclusion. Children suffering from unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney have a greater chance of exhibiting an anomaly of the contralateral kidney and the urinary system in general. Therefore, they require thorough examination, both prenatally and postnatally. We propose obligatory serial professional prenatal ultrasound examinations, followed by postnatal ultrasound, isotope scan, and we especially emphasize the need for performing urinary cystouretherography, bearing in mind the high incidence of the vesicoureteral reflux of the contralateral kidney. In addition to nephrectomy, cytoscopy and colposcopy also need to be performed for the purpose of discovering possible hidden anomalies of the urogenital system.

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Feldreich, Tobias, Axel C. Carlsson, Johanna Helmersson-Karlqvist, Ulf Risérus, Anders Larsson, Lars Lind, and Johan Ärnlöv. "Urinary Osteopontin Predicts Incident Chronic Kidney Disease, while Plasma Osteopontin Predicts Cardiovascular Death in Elderly Men." Cardiorenal Medicine 7, no. 3 (2017): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000476001.

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Background and Objectives: The matricellular protein osteopontin is involved in the pathogenesis of both kidney and cardiovascular disease. However, whether circulating and urinary osteopontin levels are associated with the risk of these diseases is less studied. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: A community-based cohort of elderly men (Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men [ULSAM]; n = 741; mean age: 77 years) was used to study the associations between plasma and urinary osteopontin, incident chronic kidney disease, and the risk of cardiovascular death during a median of 8 years of follow-up. Results: There was no significant cross-sectional correlation between plasma and urinary osteopontin (Spearman ρ = 0.07, p = 0.13). Higher urinary osteopontin, but not plasma osteopontin, was associated with incident chronic kidney disease in multivariable models adjusted for age, cardiovascular risk factors, baseline glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and the inflammatory markers interleukin 6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (odds ratio for 1 standard deviation [SD] of urinary osteopontin, 1.42, 95% CI 1.00-2.02, p = 0.048). Conversely, plasma osteopontin, but not urinary osteopontin, was independently associated with cardiovascular death (multivariable hazard ratio per SD increase, 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.58, p < 0.001, and 1.00, 95% CI 0.79-1.26, p = 0.99, respectively). The addition of plasma osteopontin to a model with established cardiovascular risk factors significantly increased the C-statistics for the prediction of cardiovascular death (p < 0.002). Conclusions: Higher urinary osteopontin specifically predicts incident chronic kidney disease, while plasma osteopontin specifically predicts cardiovascular death. Our data put forward osteopontin as an important factor in the detrimental interplay between the kidney and the cardiovascular system. The clinical implications, and why plasma and urinary osteopontin mirror different pathologies, remain to be established.

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Kolesnyk, M. "COVID-19 and kidney." Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, no. 3(67) (August 5, 2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.3(67).2020.10.

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At the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic attention of healthcare professionals and scientists were already drawn to the appearance of markers of pathologic changes of the urinary system in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, signs of acute kidney disease (AKD) (including acute kidney injury (AKI) or development of AKI in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This necessitates verification of pathologic changes markers of the urinary system in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and clarification of their nosologic relevance. The present study aimed to analyze the present information regarding the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to cause kidney injury (acute kidney disease, including AKI) in patients without such changes before infecting or in patients with CKD, and to verify these changes according to the classification of urinary system disease and Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Consensus Conference 2020. The presence of the pathologic changes markers of the urinary system in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients necessitates its verification via the use of tools of diagnostics of urinary system disease. Infecting with SARS-CoV-2 may cause (isolated) asymptomatic proteinuria, isolated erythrocyturia, hemoglobinuria; AKD (including AKI) in patients without preexisting urinary system injuries, AKI in patients with CKD, and may complicate hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The frequency of AKI and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 and CKD are much higher than without the last one. The AKI frequency is higher in ICU (18 – 37,5%) than in patients with moderate or mild COVID-19 (0,5 – 15%). Patients with all CKD stages with moderate or severe COVID-19 must be admitted to the hospital with further determination by a multidisciplinary team (infectionist, nephrologist, ICU physician, etc, according to the clinical situation) of necessary monitoring and treatment capacity for prevention of AKD progression and life-threatening complications or their adequate therapy. After confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 absence and release from the hospital, patients with AKD or all stages of CKD should be followed up, and monitoring frequency depends on AKD or CKD stage.

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Lambertsen, R. H. "Disease of the Common Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus): Crassicaudiosis of the Urinary System." Journal of Mammalogy 67, no. 2 (May 15, 1986): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1380889.

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Şener, O., S. Öner, M. Aydos, H. Üstün, S. Avcı, V. Tüysüz, and M. Okumuş. "S104 STONE ANALYSIS AND METABOLIC EVALUTION RESULTS IN RECURRENT URINARY SYSTEM STONE DISEASE." European Urology Supplements 11, no. 4 (October 2012): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(13)60296-1.

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Yilmaz, Ö., Ö. Kurul, C. Yeşildal, F. Saraçoğlu, H. Soydan, and F. Ateş. "E79 Ultrasonography findings comparison with DMSA renal scintigraphy for urinary system stone disease." European Urology Supplements 14, no. 4 (September 2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(15)30158-5.

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Hahn, Kirsten, and Georg Ebersbach. "Sonographic assessment of urinary retention in multiple system atrophy and idiopathic Parkinson's disease." Movement Disorders 20, no. 11 (2005): 1499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20586.

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Geisler, J. P., R. W. Gates, W. Shirrell, S. M. Parker, C. D. Maloney, M. C. Wiemann, and H. E. Geisler. "Extramammary Paget's disease with diffuse involvement of the lower female genito-urinary system." International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1997.00405.x.

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Kitta, Takeya, Mifuka Ouchi, Hiroki Chiba, Madoka Higuchi, Mio Togo, Yui Abe-Takahashi, Naohisa Kusakabe, and Nobuo Shinohara. "Animal Model for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 6520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186520.

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Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and subsequent motor symptoms, various non-motor symptoms often precede these other symptoms. While motor symptoms are certainly burdensome, a wide range of non-motor symptoms have emerged as the key determinant of the quality of life in PD patients. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms differs according to the study, with ranges between 27% and 63.9%. These can be influenced by the stage of disease, the presence of lower urinary tract-related comorbidities, and parallels with other manifestations of autonomic dysfunction. Animal models can provide a platform for investigating the mechanisms of PD-related dysfunction and for the assessment of novel treatment strategies. Animal research efforts have been primarily focused on PD motor signs and symptoms. However, the etiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction in PD has yet to be definitively clarified. Several animal PD models are available, each of which has a different effect on the autonomic nervous system. In this article, we review the various lower urinary tract dysfunction animal PD models. We additionally discuss techniques for determining the appropriate model for evaluating the development of lower urinary tract dysfunction treatments.

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Strelkova, T. N. "Morbidity and prevalence of the genitourinary system diseases in children in the Udmurt Republic." Kazan medical journal 93, no. 3 (June 15, 2012): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1885.

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Aim. To identify the pattern of distribution of nephropathy in a limited population (living in the same area) with the same risk factors ratio for the development of this disease. Methods. Conducted was an analysis of annual statistical reports of the nephrological morbidity in the Udmurt Republic, covering 306,355 children. Calculated were the intensive parameters that characterize the incidence among child population, using the method of calculating the relative magnitudes of clarity. Presented was a retrospective analysis of 8379 case histories of children admitted to the Children’s Nephrology Department of the Budget Institution of the Ministry of Health Care of the «Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health care of the Udmurt Republic» with diseases of the urinary system. Results. Revealed was a high incidence of urinary tract pathology in children of all age groups with a tendency for increase in both the general and primary morbidity, regardless of the place of residence. Stated was an increase in the detection rate of chronic renal failure in early childhood, which in 86.1% of cases developed secondary to congenital and hereditary diseases of the urinary system. Conclusion. The obtained data should be considered when planning the children’s nephrology urology services of the Udmurt Republic.

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Kasuno, Kenji, Kiichi Shirakawa, Haruyoshi Yoshida, Kiyoshi Mori, Hideki Kimura, Naoki Takahashi, Yasunari Nobukawa, et al. "Renal redox dysregulation in AKI: application for oxidative stress marker of AKI." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 307, no. 12 (December 15, 2014): F1342—F1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00381.2013.

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Oxidative stress is a major determinant of acute kidney injury (AKI); however, the effects of an AKI on renal redox system are unclear, and few existing AKI markers are suitable for evaluating oxidative stress. We measured urinary levels of the redox-regulatory protein thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) in patients with various kinds of kidney disease and in mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Urinary TRX1 levels were markedly higher in patients with AKI than in those with chronic kidney disease or in healthy subjects. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to differentiate between AKI and other renal diseases, the area under the curve for urinary TRX1 was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.90–0.98), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.88, respectively, at the optimal cutoff value of 43.0 μg/g creatinine. Immunostaining revealed TRX1 to be diffusely distributed in the tubules of normal kidneys, but to be shifted to the brush borders or urinary lumen in injured tubules in both mice and humans with AKI. Urinary TRX1 in AKI was predominantly in the oxidized form. In cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells, hydrogen peroxide specifically and dose dependently increased TRX1 levels in the culture supernatant, while reducing intracellular levels. These findings suggest that urinary TRX1 is an oxidative stress-specific biomarker useful for distinguishing AKI from chronic kidney disease and healthy kidneys.

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Kuo, Chia-Wen, Hsiao-Ling Chen, Min-Yu Tu, and Chuan-Mu Chen. "Serum and urinary SOD3 in patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with early chronic kidney disease patients and association with development of diabetic nephropathy." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 316, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): F32—F41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2017.

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Extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), one member of the antioxidant defense system and a superoxide scavenger, has been noted to be downregulated in the kidneys of diabetic mice and is characterized by a heparin-binding domain that can anchor the protein to the endothelium and extracellular matrix. The association of the serum and urinary SOD3 levels with diabetic nephropathy in different stages has never been evaluated. It remains unclear how urinary SOD3 changes in different renal diseases. We recruited 98 Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) into this study. Biochemical analyses were performed, including evaluation of the serum SOD3, urinary SOD3, urinary albumin, urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and urinary angiotensinogen (ANG). The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare various parameters among the three groups of patients: early CKD, diabetes alone, and diabetes with CKD. Results showed that lower serum and urinary SOD3 levels were observed in the group of patients with diabetes alone. Higher serum and urinary SOD3 levels were observed in the group of patients with diabetes and CKD, which had higher albuminuria and serum creatinine levels. The serum SOD3 levels were significantly positively correlated with renal function, according to the serum creatinine level. The urinary levels of SOD3 were significantly correlated with other urinary biomarkers such as urinary ANG and VEGF. Furthermore, albuminuria can positively predict the serum SOD3 level for the ratio of urinary albumin to urinary creatinine (ACR) >1,190.769 mg/g and the urinary SOD3 level for ACR ≥300 mg/g.

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Smirnova, N. N., N. B. Kuprienko, V. P. Novikova, and A. I. Khavkin. "Iron metabolism and chronic kidney disease." Voprosy detskoj dietologii 18, no. 6 (2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2020-6-27-34.

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Iron is involved in all kinds of metabolism. Iron deficiency, even in the absence of anaemia, promotes the development of many diseases. But in inflammation-associated diseases iron accumulates in the liver, kidneys and macrophages; resulting in impairment of effective erythropoiesis. The review presents modern evidence of the molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and metabolic changes in most common diseases of the organs of the urinary system – pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury. In most cases, anaemia has a dual nature – true iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease. Key words: iron, erythropoiesis, anaemia, renal pathology

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Patel, Diwakar, and Deepak Kulshrestha. "AYURVEDA PERSPECTIVE ON MOOTRASHMARI AND ITS MANAGEMENT: AN LITERATURE BASED REVIEW." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (September 6, 2018): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1853.

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The formation of stone is one of the common problems of urinary system and as per modern science only few medicines are available for such condition along with surgery. It is second most common disease of urinary tract with high recurrence rate. The common symptoms of ureter culculi are pain, haematuria, burning micturiton, dysurea, tenderness and sometimes fever. Ayurveda described Mootrashmari as urinary calculus disease of Mutravaha Srotas and considered as Asthamahagada. Ayurveda described various treatment approaches for the management of disease; use of herbs, ayurveda formulation and Kshara, etc. this article presented summarative review on Mootrashmari. Keywords: Ayurveda, Ashmari, Mutravaha Srotas, Mootrashmari

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Ulker, Ozge C., Berran Yucesoy, Murat Durucu, and Asuman Karakaya. "Neopterin as a marker for immune system activation in coal workers' pneumoconiosis." Toxicology and Industrial Health 23, no. 3 (April 2007): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233707083527.

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Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is an occupational pulmonary disease that occurs by chronic inhalation of coal dust. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is divided into two categories depending on the extent of the disease as simple pneumoconiosis (SP) and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Development of CWP is associated with the activation of the immune system. Neopterin is a predictive biochemical marker of cell-mediated immune activation and elevated levels of neopterin are detected in body fluids of patients with immune-related diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate whether increased serum, urine and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of neopterin is associated with the development and/or severity of CWP. Mean serum neopterin levels in SP and PMF patients (10.72 ± 0.98 nmol/L; 14.08 ± 3.86 nmol/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of control group (5.30 ± 0.47nmol/L) ( P < 0.05). Although urinary neopterin levels were also increased in SP and PMF patients (235.17 ± 7.40 μmol/mol creatinine; 256.05 ± 9.43 μmol/mol creatinine, respectively) as compared with the control group (140.00 ± 5.43 μmol/mol creatinine) ( P < 0.01), they were within the normal concentration range. No significant difference was observed between serum and urinary neopterin levels of SP and PMF patients. A correlation was observed between serum and urinary neopterin levels of all subjects ( r = 0.525, P < 0.01). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients with SP and PMF (22.67 ± 2.9 nmol/L; 41.67 ± 8.68nmol/L, respectively) compared with control subjects (6.264 ± 1.74 nmol/L) ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). The levels of neopterin in BAL fluid were also significantly higher in patients with PMF than in those with SP ( P < 0.05). These findings indicate that elevated serum and BAL levels of neopterin may be considered as a suitable biomarker for the assessment of CWP. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2007; 23: 155—160.

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Romashchenko, O. V., V. M. Grygorenko, V. V. Biloholovska, L. O. Lebid, and S. S. Volkov. "Approaches to Treatment of Infections of Lower Urinary Tracts in Women of Reproductive Age." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(122) (July 30, 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2017.122.81.

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Infections of urinary tracts (IUT) occupy a priority place both in the level of their outspread and the emergence of recurrences of the disease in ambulatory and stationary practice of a doctor; they are conditioned by inflammatory process, mostly of bacterial genesis, developed in different anatomic parts of urinary system – from fascia renalis to external urethral opening and often combined with pelvic inflammatory diseases. Purpose of research: to evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy of chronic recidivating cystitis in combination with pelvic inflammatory diseases in women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods. A complex clinical and microbiological examination of 39 women aged from 18 to 39 having chronic reccurent cystitis in combination with pelvic inflammatory diseases in the observation dynamics (before and after the course of anti-inflammatory therapy with the inclusion of Tiflox and probiotic Lactovit Forte) was carried out. Results. As a result of the carried out research the symptomatic development of chronic reccurent cystitis at the background of latent development of pelvic inflammatory diseases was established. In the etiological spectre of chronic reccurent cystitis there were more often microorganisms (mostly E.coli – 82.1%) in the monoculture of critical and high number of microbs, and in 17 (43.5%) mixt-infection was established. Concordance when establishing Chlamydia (7.7%), Mycoplasmas (5.1%), Ureaplasmas (10.3%), Candida (33.4%), and Gardnerella vaginalis (10.3%) both in the biomaterial from urethra and genitals in comparison with the spectre of clinical characteristics certified the presence of interconnection of urinary and reproductive systems, which has to be considered when conducting complex anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusion. Treatment of chronic reccurent cystitis should be conducted considering the heaviness and level of changes in the inflammatory process both from the side of urinary and reproductive systems in a single context. Only after the clinical analysis of all factors in combination it is possible to determine the tactics of treatment of infections of urinary system in women of reproductive age with the prescription of grounded and adequate therapy. Key words: infections of lower urinary tracts, pelvic inflammatory diseases, women of reproductive age, diagnostics, treatment of acute and chronic recurrent cystitis, Tiflox, Lactovit Forte.

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Mathur, Manish. "Measuring homogeneity of ethno-medicinal knowledge related with different corporeal system: A top down approach." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.598.

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In the present study the top down approach has been utilized to quantify homogeneity of ethno-knowledge, frequency of species utilized for a disease related to a specific system as well as identification of corporeal system that are outliers with aim to identify the species and their usefulness for a specific disease that make the system as outlier. The study was carried out for medicinal plants of arid and semiarid region of the Indian Thar area. Three statistical parameters namely, evenness, frequency distribution and regression and residual value analysis were utilized. The study revealed that ethno-medicinal knowledge about 136 species were related with 12 different corporeal systems and frequency distribution classified these 136 species and 12 corporeal systems under 9 different classes. Maximum numbers of taxa are recorded for skeletal, muscle and connective tissues (114) followed by the digestive system (111) and skin and sub-cutanuous system (89). Homogeneity of ethnic- knowledge are restricted for few corporeal systems like respiration, fever, blood and hematopoietic organ, central nervous system, genito-urinary system and circulatory systems, while random and clumped types knowledge distribution were recorded for other corporeal systems. Platykurtic and leptokurtic types of distributions were observed for different corporeal systems. Through use of standard residuals analysis of medico-ethnic-knowledge, digestion system was designated as positive outliers while fever and genito-urinary systems were the negative outliers. Further regression analysis has revealed that with in this region ethnic knowledge about the medicinal properties of a species is largely associated with the regional abundance of taxa.

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Pang, Karl H., Saiful Miah, Mark D. Haynes, and Neil E. Oakley. "A Case of Laparoscopic Ureteric Reimplantation in a Solitary Urinary System." Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis 5, no. 1 (November 26, 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369786.

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Ureteric strictures can be caused by traumatic pelvic surgery, urolithiasis and instrumentation. There are various treatment options for ureteric stricture, including laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation. A 56-year-old female with a history of chronic left pelviureteric junction obstruction presented with urosepsis secondary to right-sided urolithiasis. The patient had a left nephrectomy and developed right-sided ureteric stricture following repeated ureteroscopy to manage her stone disease. The treatment with ureteric stenting was unsuccessful. Here we present a case on the feasibility of laparoscopic reimplantation for ureteric stricture in a solitary kidney to preserve renal function and avoid further ureteroscopy or nephrostomies.

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Anders, Hans-Joachim, Louise Wilkens, Barbara Schraml, and Julian Marschner. "One concept does not fit all: the immune system in different forms of acute kidney injury." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa056.

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Abstract Renal and immune systems maintain body homoeostasis during physiological fluctuations and following tissue injury. The immune system plays a central role during acute kidney injury (AKI), adapting evolutional systems programmed for host defence and minimizing unnecessary collateral damage. Indeed, depending upon the disease context, the impact of the immune system upon the manifestations and consequences of AKI can be quite different. Here we provide an overview of the known and unknown involvement of the immune system within the wide range of different forms of AKI, to oppose oversimplification and to endorse deeper insights into the pathogenesis of the different diseases causing kidney injury. This approach may help to overcome some of the current hurdles in translational AKI research and the development of specific treatments for the different diseases, all presenting with an acute increase in serum creatinine or decline in urinary output. One concept does not fit all.

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Kurlak, Lesia O., Fiona Broughton Pipkin, Markus G. Mohaupt, and Hiten D. Mistry. "Responses of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in pregnant chronic kidney disease patients with and without superimposed pre-eclampsia." Clinical Kidney Journal 12, no. 6 (March 25, 2019): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfz025.

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Abstract Background Women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of superimposed pre-eclampsia (SPE). Accurate identification of SPE is challenging. We hypothesized that specific components of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) would discriminate between CKD and SPE. The aim of the study was to establish differences in circulating and intrarenal RAAS in women with CKD with and without SPE and compare these to normotensive controls (NCs) and women with pre-eclampsia (PE). Methods White European NC women (n = 20), women with PE (n = 9), normotensive CKD without SPE (n = 8) and with SPE (n = 11) were recruited in the third trimester. Plasma renin, plasma and urine total angiotensinogen (AGT) concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, urinary tetrahydroaldosterone (TH-aldo) concentration by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and placental growth factor (PlGF) by immunoassay. Results Urinary TH-aldo:creatinine ratios were lower in women with PE or SPE compared with NC or women with CKD (P < 0.05 for all). The same group differences were observed for plasma active renin and PlGF concentrations (P < 0.05 for all). Urine total AGT was higher in women with PE compared with NC (P < 0.05) and urine TH-aldo:urine AGT was lower (P < 0.05). However, women with SPE had lower urinary AGT concentrations compared with women with PE (P < 0.05). No differences in plasma total AGT were observed between groups. Conclusions Women with SPE have a lower urinary TH-aldo:creatinine ratio, lower plasma active renin and lower PlGF concentrations than women with CKD, comparable to women with PE without pre-existing disease, suggestive of similar pathophysiology. These data suggest disruption of the RAAS pathway in SPE similar to PE. Exploration of the predictive value of RAAS components for adverse pregnancy events in women with CKD is required.

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Maltsev, S. V., V. M. Davydova, and E. I. Zemlyakova. "Modern structure and features of the course of kidney disease in pediatric practice." Kazan medical journal 66, no. 5 (October 15, 1985): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj62076.

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Currently, pediatric nephrologists note a decrease in the proportion of acquired diseases of the urinary system caused by exposure to exogenous factors, and an increase in the frequency of pathology associated with genetic and teratogenic factors [2].

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Demirtaş, Abdullah, Yunus Emre Yıldırım, Ayten Ferahbaş, Emre Can Akınsal, Oguz Ekmekçioğlu, and Atila Tatlışen. "The Treatment of Recurrent Urothelial Tumors of the Upper Urinary System and at Urostomy Site following Radical Cystectomy with Intraureteral Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Cryotherapy." Case Reports in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/490373.

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Urinary bladder carcinoma is the second most common cancer of the urinary system. The recurrence rate in the upper urinary system (UUS) for urothelial cancers is around 3% following radical cystectomy. The followup generally consists of imaging studies and urinary cytology, although there are no prospective data on the frequency, the mode, and the duration of followup. In patients carefully selected according to risk factors, kidney-sparing minimally invasive methods (ureteroscopic procedures, percutaneous approach, and local drug instillation) appear as contemporary alternatives for low-grade and low-stage primary UUS. In this paper, we present the patient who underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion ureterocutaneostomy, was diagnosed with widespread bilateral UUS tumors and recurrent tumor at the urostomy site at active followup, for which he was given local Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and cryotherapy, and was followed by disease-free for 2 years thereafter.

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Hardy, Cara, Dawn Rosenberg, Ramalakshmi Ramasamy, Xiangyou Hu, and Phillip Smith. "Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Pathology in a Transgenic Mouse Model Results in Altered Voiding Function." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.386.

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Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disorder primarily affecting older adults and is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the US. More than one in three AD patients experience AD-associated urinary dysfunction (ADUD), which directly contributes to their institutionalization. While ADUD has been clinically regarded as a result of poor cognitive control over urinary function, the physiology underlying loss of urinary control remains unknown. We hypothesize that beta-amyloidosis in the CNS results in pathologic changes in urinary structure and function. Male and female Tg-APP/PS1DE9 mice were used before plaque deposition (4-6 months) and after plaque accumulation (8-10 months) and compared to their WT littermates. Pressure-flow cystometry was conducted under urethane anesthesia to assess urinary performance at the level of the autonomic nervous system in the absence of cortical control. Pharmacomyography was performed on bladder strips to determine tissue-level changes in the absence of CNS input. In Tg-APP/PS1DE9 mice, plaque accumulation resulted in diminished volume sensitivity and decreased voiding efficiency. Pharmacologic studies showed aberrant drug responses, altered cholinergic signaling, and decreased resilience of tissue longevity after plaque accumulation. Based on our findings, we conclude that the AD-related pathology of Aβ accumulation results in a distinct urinary phenotype in our model, analogous to the ADUD observed in AD patients. Establishing and expanding models of ADUD to other mouse models of AD-associated pathology may improve the efficacy of treating ADUD and increase quality of life for patients and their caregivers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urinary system disease'

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