Academic literature on the topic 'Urine specific gravity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urine specific gravity"
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Flasar, Cathy. "What is urine specific gravity?" Nursing Critical Care 3, no. 6 (November 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000340988.20292.ba.
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WATOSON, ADJ. "Urine specific gravity in practice." Australian Veterinary Journal 76, no. 6 (June 1998): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb12384.x.
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Giasson, Janice, and Yu Chen. "A Discrepant Urine Specific Gravity." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.174219.
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Flasar, Cathy. "What is urine specific gravity?" Nursing 38, no. 7 (July 2008): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000325315.41513.a0.
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Purwanto, Kalis Joko, Mohammad Juffrie, and Djauhar Ismail. "Urine specific gravity as a diagnostic tool for dehydration in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 50, no. 5 (October 30, 2010): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi50.5.2010.269-73.
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Background Using clinical judgment to diagnose dehydration can be highly subjective. To diagnose dehydration, it would be ideal to have an accurate, inexpensive, objective and easy-to-perform diagnostic tool. In cases of dehydration, plasma osmolality rises, causing an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. The increased ADH reduces urine production and increases urine osmolality. Previous studies have show that urine osmolality correlates well to urine specific gravity. We investigated if urine specific gravity can be a reliable and objective detennination of dehydration status.Objective To assess the accuracy of using urine specific gravity as a diagnostic tool to determine dehydration status of children with diarrhea.Methods We conducted the study in the pediatric ward of Sardjito Hospital from September 2009 to December 2009. Using a refractometer we measured urine specific gravity from patients with diarrhea. This measurement was then compared to a standard of acute body weight loss, with dehydration defined as weight loss of 5% or more. The cut-off value for defining dehydration using specific gravity measurements was detennined by a receiver-operator curve (ROC).Results Out of 61 pediatric patients who were recruited in this study, 18 (30%) had dehydration as defined by a body weight loss of 5% or more. Based on the ROC, we determined the cut off value for urine specific gravity to be 1.022. Using this value, urine specific gravity was 72% sensitive (95% CI 52 to 93), and 84% specific (95% CI 73 to 95) in determining dehydration status.Conclusion Urine specific gravity is less accurate than clinical judgment in determining dehydration status in children with diarrhea.
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Steiner, Michael J., Alan L. Nager, and Vincent J. Wang. "Urine Specific Gravity and Other Urinary Indices." Pediatric Emergency Care 23, no. 5 (May 2007): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pec.0000270162.76453.fa.
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Mahara Kala, Arigayota Darwin, Dian Rachma Wijayanti, and Mohamad Syafaat. "A URINE GLUCOSE LEVELS AND URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN BUDHI ASIH HOSPITAL." Journal of Medical Laboratory and Science 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36086/medlabscience.v2i2.1338.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is caused by the pancreas not being able to produce the insulin hormone that regulates glucose in the body, resulting in hyperglycemia which is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, failure of various organs (eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels). Diabetes is included as a non-communicable disease but has a priority for follow-up because the number of cases and its prevalence has continued to increase over the last few decades. Examination of diabetes mellitus can be done with blood samples and urine samples. Examination of diabetes mellitus with urine samples was carried out using the dipstick method to determine the parameters of urine glucose and urine specific gravity. Objective: To determine the correlation of urine glucose and urine specific gravity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Correlative analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted in January-September 2021 with samples of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who examined urine glucose and urine specific gravity with the dipstick method. Results: The results of the correlation test of urine glucose and urine specific gravity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are 0.065 (> 0.05) which means that there is no correlation between urine glucose and urine specific gravity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of the correlation coefficient of urine glucose and specific gravity urine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is 0.189 which is included in the range of weak correlation coefficients. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between urine glucose and urine specific gravity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Haddow, J. E., G. J. Knight, G. E. Palomaki, L. M. Neveux, and B. A. Chilmonczyk. "Replacing creatinine measurements with specific gravity values to adjust urine cotinine concentrations." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.4.562.
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Abstract Creatinine and specific gravity (relative density) measurements both allow differences in urine concentration to be taken into account in determining urine cotinine concentrations. In this study we demonstrate that the variance of urine cotinine measurements is reduced comparably when either creatinine or specific gravity measurements are used for correction. This reduction in variability improves the correlation between urine cotinine measurements and clinical endpoints. In this study, the clinical endpoints were pulmonary function in a population of nonsmoking children with asthma, 42% of whom were reported to have been exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. When corrected by either creatinine measurements or specific gravity values, the urine cotinine measurements performed as well or better than reported exposure (and comparably with each other) in assessments of lung function. A dose-response relationship was also more consistently apparent. Specific gravity values can be used reliably in place of creatinine values to adjust urine cotinine measurements for both research and clinical purposes.
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Kamimura, Taro, Kento Fukumitsu, Seishi Aihara, Mika Kondo, Hideaki Oka, and Atsumi Harada. "MP153THE IMPORTANCE OF URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY MEASUREMENT IN URINE DIPSTICK TESTING." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 32, suppl_3 (May 1, 2017): iii484—iii485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx164.mp153.
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Shaikh, Nader, Margaret F. Shope, and Marcia Kurs-Lasky. "Urine Specific Gravity and the Accuracy of Urinalysis." Pediatrics 144, no. 5 (October 2, 2019): e20190467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0467.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Urine specific gravity"
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Thorpe, Brittany Ryann. "Validation of Urinary Biomarkers of Hydration Status in College Athletes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81999.
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Adequate hydration is critical for optimal performance and health. Fluid requirements of collegiate athletes are unique due to training and competition, travel, school schedules, and stressors common in college environments. Inattention to these factors may contribute to suboptimal hydration. Importantly, loss of 1-2% of body weight by dehydration can impair physical and cognitive performance. As such, development of valid and reliable tools to assess hydration status in collegiate athletes is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of urine color (UC) as a measure of hydration status in collegiate athletes. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the utility of indexes of hydration status for UC and urine specific gravity (USG) established by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA). To address this, 62 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes provided a urine sample ≤30 minutes of exercise for UC self-assessment (UCsub) and experimenter-assessment (UCres) using the UC chart developed by Armstrong et al. (1994) and for USG measurement via refractometry (1). Habitual dietary intake was assessed by 24-hr recalls. There was a significant positive correlation between USG and both UCsub (r=0.679, p<0.001) and UCres (r=0.772, p<0.001). In addition, the USG based on UC was inconsistent with hydration/dehydration categories established by ACSM and NATA. These findings suggest that UC, even when self-assessed by the athlete, is a valid method for assessing hydration status in NCAA division I college athletes. However, some modification of ACSM and NATA hydration categories may be warranted.
1. Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Castellani JW, et al. Urinary indices of hydration status. Int J Sport Nutr. 1994;4(3):265-279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7987361. Accessed October 26, 2016.Master of Science
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Borden, Emily C. "The Relationship and Seasonal Changes of Hydration Measures in Collegiate Wrestlers." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523430813791537.
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Yam, Elodie. "Low molecular weight synthetic colloid fluids, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and 4% succinylated gelatine, interfere with refractometric tests of total protein concentration and urine specific gravity." Thesis, Yam, Elodie (2018) Low molecular weight synthetic colloid fluids, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and 4% succinylated gelatine, interfere with refractometric tests of total protein concentration and urine specific gravity. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/46176/.
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Synthetic colloids used to treat shock, including 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) and 4% succinylated gelatine (GELO), may interfere with refractometry due to large colloid molecules within the solution. This study aimed to assess the effects of these fluids on refractometric total plasma protein concentration (TPPr) and urine specific gravity (USG), using an in vitro (TPPr only) and an in vivo dog model. In the in vitro study, plasma samples from 10 greyhounds were diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), HES and GELO in ratios of plasma: fluid, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5. TPPr was compared to total plasma protein measured by the biuret assay (TPPb) at these dilutions. As the volume of colloid fluid increased, magnitude of over-estimation of TPPb (NaCl) by TPPr (HES and GELO), and TPPb (GELO) also increased. In the in vivo model, 18 anaesthetised greyhounds were subjected to haemorrhagic shock for 60 minutes, followed by either 80 mL/kg of Plasmalyte-148 (CRYST), or 20 mL/kg of HES or GELO (n=6 per group) given IV over 20 minutes. TPPr and TPPb were measured before haemorrhage (Baseline), at end of shock (Shock), after completion of fluid (T20), then 40 minutes (T60), 100 minutes (T120) and 160 minutes (T180) later. USG and urine osmolality (UOsm) were measured at all time points except T20. Bias and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) for TPPr vs TPPb, measured UOsm (mUOsm) vs estimated UOsm (eUOsm) from USG were calculated. Peak bias (TPP) for HES (T20) was 1.622 g/dL (95% LOA 1.291−1.953 g/dL) and for GELO (T180) was 0.577 g/dL (95% LOA 0.207−0.947 g/dL). Peak bias (UOsm) for HES (T60) was 2995 mOsm/L (95% LOA 2032−3958 mOsm/L) and for GELO (T120) was 2465 mOsm/L (95% LOA 940−3990 mOsm/L). Our research shows that HES and GELO interfere with refractometric tests and refractometry should not be used within 3 hours of bolus synthetic colloid administration.
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Hunt, Andrew Philip. "Heat strain, hydration status, and symptoms of heat illness in surface mine workers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/44039/1/Andrew_Hunt_Thesis.pdf.
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The aim of the research program was to evaluate the heat strain, hydration status, and heat illness symptoms experienced by surface mine workers. An initial investigation involved 91 surface miners completing a heat stress questionnaire; assessing the work environment, hydration practices, and heat illness symptom experience. The key findings included 1) more than 80 % of workers experienced at least one symptom of heat illness over a 12 month period; and 2) the risk of moderate symptoms of heat illness increased with the severity of dehydration. These findings highlight a health and safety concern for surface miners, as experiencing symptoms of heat illness is an indication that the physiological systems of the body may be struggling to meet the demands of thermoregulation. To illuminate these findings a field investigation to monitor the heat strain and hydration status of surface miners was proposed. Two preliminary studies were conducted to ensure accurate and reliable data collection techniques. Firstly, a study was undertaken to determine a calibration procedure to ensure the accuracy of core body temperature measurement via an ingestible sensor. A water bath was heated to several temperatures between 23 . 51 ¢ªC, allowing for comparison of the temperature recorded by the sensors and a traceable thermometer. A positive systematic bias was observed and indicated a need for calibration. It was concluded that a linear regression should be developed for each sensor prior to ingestion, allowing for a correction to be applied to the raw data. Secondly, hydration status was to be assessed through urine specific gravity measurement. It was foreseeable that practical limitations on mine sites would delay the time between urine collection and analysis. A study was undertaken to assess the reliability of urine analysis over time. Measurement of urine specific gravity was found to be reliable up to 24 hours post urine collection and was suitable to be used in the field study. Twenty-nine surface miners (14 drillers [winter] and 15 blast crew [summer]) were monitored during a normal work shift. Core body temperature was recorded continuously. Average mean core body temperature was 37.5 and 37.4 ¢ªC for blast crew and drillers, with average maximum body temperatures of 38.0 and 37.9 ¢ªC respectively. The highest body temperature recorded was 38.4 ¢ªC. Urine samples were collected at each void for specific gravity measurement. The average mean urine specific gravity was 1.024 and 1.021 for blast crew and drillers respectively. The Heat Illness Symptoms Index was used to evaluate the experience of heat illness symptoms on shift. Over 70 % of drillers and over 80 % of blast crew reported at least one symptom. It was concluded that 1) heat strain remained within the recommended limits for acclimatised workers; and 2) the majority of workers were dehydrated before commencing their shift, and tend to remain dehydrated for the duration. Dehydration was identified as the primary issue for surface miners working in the heat. Therefore continued study focused on investigating a novel approach to monitoring hydration status. The final aim of this research program was to investigate the influence dehydration has on intraocular pressure (IOP); and subsequently, whether IOP could provide a novel indicator of hydration status. Seven males completed 90 minutes of walking in both a cool and hot climate with fluid restriction. Hydration variables and intraocular pressure were measured at baseline and at 30 minute intervals. Participants became dehydrated during the trial in the heat but maintained hydration status in the cool. Intraocular pressure progressively declined in the trial in the heat but remained relatively stable when hydration was maintained. A significant relationship was observed between intraocular pressure and both body mass loss and plasma osmolality. This evidence suggests that intraocular pressure is influenced by changes in hydration status. Further research is required to determine if intraocular pressure could be utilised as an indirect indicator of hydration status.
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Cheng-ChiehTsai and 蔡政杰. "Optofluidic Device for Urine Specific Gravity Measurement." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06398658101720682559.
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碩士國立成功大學
工程科學系碩博士班
101
Recently, optical methods have been widely used for biological and chemical detection in microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip systems. In this research, we use MEMS technology to fabricate the optofluidic chip. There are two major functions in this device: (1) the measurement of refractive index and concentration and (2) the detection of urine specific gravity. By using image analysis, we design an optofluidic device to measure refractive index, concentration and urine specific gravity without expensive instruments such as laser device, CCD camera, and oscilloscope. We only use camera and computer analysis software to complete the research. In this study, we design a line pattern which is 50μm wide and observe this pattern through the refractive index of different analytes. According to difference of refractive index, the position of line pattern which we observed will change. We set the position of air as a standard position. Then, we define the difference of position between air and analytes as departure distance. We can use departure distance to identify the refractive index or urine specific gravity of analytes. For refractive index measurement, we select three chemical solutions of NaCl, LiCl and CaCl2 that have different concentrations to demonstrate the proposed optofluidic device. For urine specific gravity measurement, we detect urine of testers to measure the urine specific gravity. Due to the glucose is the major factor which increases the urine specific gravity, we mix saturated solution of glucose into urine of tester to verify the relationship between the glucose and the urine specific gravity. Compare to traditional optic device, image analysis technology reduced the cost of expensive instrument and improved the limit of refractive index measuring range. The image analysis technology can be applied to optofluidic measurement on a chip by a simple, fast and user-friendly.
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Mota, Andreia Fernanda Moreira da. "The relationship between specific gravity and refractive index for cats and dogs: an equivalence study." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/10766.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaThe concentration of urine is a frequent clinical assessment in veterinary routine practice. This laboratorial parameter is estimated by measuring the refractive index of the urine on an instrument called a refractometer. For slightly esoteric historical reasons, rather than reporting this on a scale of refractive index (the measurement actually being made), it is reported on a specific gravity scale. Whether the relationship between the measured urine refractive index reported on this SG scale and the actual specific gravity of the urine is true is largely irrelevant as long as everyone uses the same specific gravity scale as a measure of refractivity. A claim has been made, however, that the relationship between the actual urine specific gravity and the urine refractive index differs whether it is urine of a cat or a dog, which led to development of a “urine specific gravity cat scale” and a correction formula to obtain specific gravity of feline urine from human-based specific gravity scale. This work aimed to assess the underpinning relationship rationale behind the published and widely used “specific gravity cat scale” by comparing the relationship between urine specific gravity and urine refractive index in cats with the relationship between urine specific gravity and urine refractive index in dogs. The present study has been carried out on clinical cases attended at the Gortlands Veterinary Clinic (Belfast, Northern Ireland) between October and December 2019. The urine was collected under the scope of routine investigations. Urine specific gravity and refractive index were determined in 47 dogs and 42 cats from different ages, genders and breeds, using a digital density meter and an optical hand-held refractometer, respectively. The relationship between urine specific gravity and urine refractive index in dogs and cats of this study was studied by equivalence testing (paired two one-sided tests) and the difference obtained between cats and dogs was visually compared with the difference suggested in the literature. The paired two one-sided tests showed equivalence between feline and canine urine regarding the relationship between its specific gravity and refractive index (p-value < 0.01). The results also indicate that, for the same urine refractive index value, a difference between feline urine specific gravity and canine urine specific gravity of much lesser magnitude than the one suggested in the published literature. This study showed that feline urine is not more refractive than canine urine, paving the way to abandon the use of the specific gravity scale for cats and the application of the correction formula.
A concentração urinária é uma avaliação frequentemente realizada na prática clínica veterinária. Este parâmetro laboratorial é, normalmente, obtido pela medição do índice de refração da urina num instrumento denominado de refratómetro. Por razões históricas desconhecidas, ao invés de se reportar numa escala de índice de refração, essa medida é reportada numa escala de densidade urinária. Se a relação entre o índice de refração e a densidade urinária real é verdadeira, é irrelevante, desde que todos usem a mesma escala de densidade urinaria como medida da refratividade. Dado considerar-se que a relação entre a densidade urinária e o índice de refração é diferente entre cães e gatos, existe uma escala de densidade urinária para gatos e uma fórmula de correção para obter esse valor a partir dos valores obtidos na escala da densidade urinária humana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o fundamento subjacente à utilização da escala felina de densidade urinária publicada e amplamente utilizada, comparando a relação entre a densidade urinária e o índice de refração em gatos com a relação entre a densidade urinária e o índice de refração em cães. O presente estudo foi realizado na Clínica Veterinária Gortlands (Belfast, Irlanda do Norte) entre outubro e dezembro de 2019. As amostras de urina estudadas foram recolhidas no âmbito de análises urinárias de rotina. Em 47 cães e 42 gatos, de diferentes idades, géneros e raças, foi medida a densidade urinária utilizando um medidor de densidade digital e o índice de refração da urina com um refratómetro ótico manual. A relação entre densidade urinária e índice de refração da urina nos cães e nos gatos deste estudo foi estudada através de um teste de equivalência (teste de quivalencia com dados emparelhados) e a diferença obtida entre cães e gatos foi comparada com a diferença sugerida na literatura. A análise estatística dos dados obtidos demonstrou existir uma equivalência entre a urina felina e a urina canina, no que diz respeito à relação entre a sua densidade urinária e o seu índice de refração (p < 0,01) Os resultados indicam também que, para um mesmo valor de índice de refração, a diferença entre densidade urinária felina e densidade urinária canina é muito menor do que a diferença sugerida na literatura. Este estudo permitiu verificar que a urina felina não é mais refrativa do que a urina canina, preparando o caminho para o abandono da escala específica da densidade urinária felina e da aplicação da fórmula de correção.
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Júdice, Pedro Alexandre Barracha da Guerra. "Determinant factors on hydration status assessed by urine specific gravity : accuracy of technical procedures and effect of caffeine ingestion." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8897.
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Mestrado em Exercício e SaúdeUrine Specific Gravity (USG) is a recognized technique for assessing hydration status accurately. However, a number of questions still need to be addressed when using this technique, specifically the collecting procedure and the effect of caffeine ingestion. This investigation aimed: 1) to verify whether there are differences in USG values obtained from the first stream (USG1) with the second stream of urine (reference); 2) to investigate the effect of caffeine on USG values. A total of 30 healthy men aged 20-39 (72.7 ± 8.8 Kg; 1.77 ± 0.07 m) participated in a randomized crossover double-blind trial. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-Ray absortiometry and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. Physical activity was estimated using motion sensors. Daily fluid intake (DFI) was assessed by dietary record. Multiple linear regression, agreement between methods, and repeated measures ANOVA were used. No significant statistical differences were found (p = 0.712) between the two procedures. USG1 explained 71% of the reference procedure. The limits of agreement varied between -0.005 and 0.005g/cm3 and no significant trend was found (r = 0.15). Differences of the procedures were not dependent on the magnitude of co-variables (p > 0.05). Regarding the caffeine effect, there was no significant change in USG values across the trial (p = 0.580), and no interaction between the randomly assigned order of treatment condition and the time (p = 0.100). No main effects of the covariates on USG values were found (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the hydration status can be accurately assessed using the first stream of urine compared to the reference procedure. These findings indicate that a moderate dose of caffeine does not alter the hydration status in adult healthy men, independently of body composition, PA level or DFI.
RESUMO : A gravidade específica da urina (GEU) é uma técnica reconhecidamente válida para avaliar o estado de hidratação. Contudo, algumas questões relativas ao procedimento de colheita e aos efeitos da ingestão de cafeína precisam de ser esclarecidas. Com este estudo pretendeu-se: 1) Verificar se existem diferenças nos valores de GEU obtidos a partir do primeiro jato (GEU1) com o segundo jato de urina (referência), 2) Investigar o efeito da cafeína nos valores de GEU. Participaram neste estudo crossover randomizado e duplamente cego, 30 homens saudáveis entre os 20-39 anos (72,7 ± 8,8 kg; 1,77 ± 0,07 m). A composição corporal foi avaliada por densitometria radiológica de dupla energia e bioimpedância eléctrica de multifrequência. A actividade física (AF) foi avaliada por sensores de movimento. A ingestão de fluidos (IF) foi avaliada por registo alimentar. Na análise estatística utilizou-se a regressão múltipla, a análise de concordância e a ANOVA por medidas repetidas. Não existiram diferenças significativas (p = 0,712) entre os procedimentos. A GEU1 explicou 71% da variação dos valores de referência. Os limites de concordância variaram entre -0.005 e 0.005g/cm3 , não evidenciando uma tendência significativa (r = 0,15). As diferenças dos procedimentos são independentes da magnitude das co-variáveis usadas (p > 0,05). Relativamente ao efeito da cafeína, não se verificaram diferenças significativas nos valores de GEU entre momentos (p = 0,580), nem interação entre a ordem do tratamento e o tempo (p = 0,100). Nenhuma das covariáveis influenciou significativamente as diferenças apresentadas na GEU (p> 0,05). Em conclusão, através da GEU, podemos avaliar o estado de hidratação com validade utilizando o primeiro jato comparativamente com o procedimento de referência. Estes resultados indicam ainda que uma dose moderada de cafeína não altera o estado de hidratação em homens adultos saudáveis independentemente da composição corporal, nível de AF ou IF.
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"Sun Radiation in Moderate Environmental Conditions Does Not Affect Fluid Balance in Female Collegiate Soccer Players." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53778.
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abstract: Exposure to sun radiation (SUR) with ambient temperature may be an influencer on athletes’ sweat loss in different environments, but the results are not currently known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SUR on fluid balance (FB) and hydration status (HS) in athletes exercising indoors and outdoors.
Initial FB and HS were assessed in NCAA-DI female soccer athletes (n=10) of a single team in temperate, dry conditions (55-68°F, 18-48% humidity) who were monitored during 3 practices of equal estimated energy expenditure (EE): two outdoors in direct SUR (cold/moderate temperatures) and one indoors without SUR (moderate temperatures). Humidity, temperature, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT – a measurement partly based on SUR, including ambient temperature/relative humidity) were recorded using Heat Stress Meters placed in the direct sun or in the shade. Each athlete’s semi-nude dry body weight was recorded before and after exercise. Urine samples were taken before, after, and the morning after. Urine specific gravity (USG) was tested to assess HS. Athletes wore combined heart rate and activity monitors to estimate EE and were provided ad libitum water and/or a zero-calorie sports drink. Their total intake included weights of consumed food and drink. Sweat rate was calculated using body weight change and intakes of liquids minus urine losses/hour.
Two-way repeated measures ANOVA analyzed group-level differences. No significance was found in total FB (1.01±0.32 L/hr) or EE/hr (444±97.1 kcal/hr) across all days (p>0.05). In analyzing individual athlete results, 40% had consistent USG >1.025 (p=0.001) suggesting potential dehydration. These 4 athletes selected water as their beverage, of which is known that consuming only water does not stimulate drinking behavior as does electrolyte drinks. The remaining 60% were overall not dehydrated (USG <1.025) but must be aware of incidental dehydration in hotter temperatures.
The conclusion is that in low-moderate temperatures, athletes self-regulate drinking habits and achieve fluid balance during exercise with or without sun radiation. However, athletes with average USG >1.025 are likely to remain dehydrated in moderate temperatures. The findings suggest that more education would benefit these athletes by ensuring hydration in any environment.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2019
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Kennedy, Matthew joseph. "Influence of varying levels of ammonium chloride on urine pH and specific gravity, overall feed conversion, and water consumption in mature wether goats." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2641.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orally administered
ammonium chloride (NH4CL) on pH and specific gravity of urine, overall gain, and
water consumption in mature wethers on a grower/finisher ration. Obstructive
urolithiasis, or urinary calculi, is a common problem in sheep and goat production
systems utilizing a high grain diet, particularly one high in magnesium. Maintaining
animals on a 70 to 90% concentrate ration is most conducive to the formation of urinary
calculi. Boer cross wethers (n = 24) were stratified by body weight and randomly
assigned within strata to one of three treatment groups. Wethers were placed on a
common diet containing 2% NH4Cl during the three week collection period. Treatment
consisted of daily oral dosages of 0g NH4CL (CON), 5.85 g NH4CL (TRT 1), or 13.8g
NH4CL (TRT 2). Urine collected from TRT2 tested more acidic on the second and
fourth collections before coming back linear constant with both the control (CON) and
TRT1 . There was no effect of treatment (P < 0.001) on specific gravity of urine.
Weight gain was greater (P < 0.01) in TRT1 (4.15 kg) and TRT2 (4.48 kg) as compared
to CON wethers (2.95 kg). Water consumption was the most variable of all investigated objectives; all groups began with a linear increase for the first 4 d. Treatment 2 (P <
0.001) then showed significant increase at collections 2 and 4. Treatment 1 stayed more
linear with the control with minimal increases (P < 0.001) occurring at periods of more
acidic urine.
This study indicates that administration of NA4Cl had minimal effect on urine
pH, water consumption, and overall gain, but no effect on specific gravity.
Book chapters on the topic "Urine specific gravity"
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Pape, Puja T., Victoria J. A. Sharp, and Jessica Rockafellow. "Urine Dipstick: An Approach to Glucosuria, Ketonuria, pH, Specific Gravity, Bilirubin and Urobilinogen – Undeniable Chemistry." In Urine Tests, 117–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29138-9_7.
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"Urine Specific Gravity." In Clinical Veterinary Advisor, 970. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-9979-6.00452-9.
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Free, Alfred H., and Helen M. Free. "Urine Volume, Density or Specific Gravity, and Osmolality." In Urinalysis in Clinical Laboratory Practice, 35–38. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351077460-8.
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Davenport, A. "Clinical investigation of renal disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3863–84. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.2104_update_006.
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An accurate history and careful examination will determine the sequence and spectrum of clinical investigations required to make a diagnosis or decide on prognosis or treatment. Midstream urine (MSU) sample—this standard investigation requires consideration of: (1) macroscopic appearance—this may be suggestive of a diagnosis, e.g. frothy urine suggests heavy proteinuria; (2) stick testing—including for pH (<5.3 in an early-morning specimen makes a renal acidification defect unlikely), glycosuria, specific gravity (should be >1.024 in an early-morning or concentrated sample), nitrite (>90% of common urinary pathogens produce nitrite) and leucocyte esterase; and (3) microscopy—for cellular elements (in particular red cells, with the presence of dysmorphic red cells detected by experienced observers indicative of glomerular bleeding), casts (cellular casts indicate renal inflammation), and crystals....
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Bijsmans, Esther, Vincent Biourge, and Yann Quéau. "The effect of increasing levels of potassium chloride on urine specific gravity, urine volume, and relative supersaturation in dogs and cats." In BSAVA Congress Proceedings 2020, 437. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/9781910443774.60.3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urine specific gravity"
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Paglinawan, Arnold C., Febus Reidj G. Cruz, Leonardo D. Valiente, Jesus Paolo T. Mendoza, Arnold M. Chanliongco, Jerome B. Torres, and Rachelle Geleen S. Tungol. "Measurement of Specific Gravity, Urobilinogen, Blood, Protein and pH Level of Urine Samples Using Raspberry Pi based Portable Urine Test Strip Analyzer." In ICBET 2020: 2020 10th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3397391.3397414.
Full textReports on the topic "Urine specific gravity"
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Doan, Brandon, Michael Brothers, Mary Terry, Rebecca McLean, Eric Kozlowski, and Al Wile. Comparison of Wired and Wireless Bio-Electrical Impedance Fluid Status Monitoring Devices and Validation to Body Mass and Urine Specific Gravity Changes Following Mild Dehydration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada477670.
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