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1
Mayo, M. E. "Interaction of laser radiation with urinary calculi." Thesis, Department of Applied Science, Security and Resillience, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4013.
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Urolithias, calculus formation in the urinary system, affects 5 – 10% of the population
and is a painful and recurrent medical condition. A common approach in the treatment
of calculi is the use of laser radiation, a procedure known as laser lithotripsy, however,
the technique has not yet been fully optimised. This research examines the experimental
parameters relevant to the interactions of the variable microsecond pulsed holmium
laser (λ = 2.12 μm, τp = 120 – 800 μs, I ~ 3 MW cm-2) and the Q-switched neodymium
laser (λ = 1064 nm, τp = 6 ns, I ~ 90 GW cm-2) with calculi.
The laser-calculus interaction was investigated from two perspectives: actions that lead
to calculus fragmentation through the formation of shockwave and plasma, and the
prospect of material analysis of calculi by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
(LIBS) to reveal elemental composition. This work is expected to contribute to
improved scientific understanding and development of laser lithotripsy.
The results support the general model of thermal and plasma processes leading to
vaporization and pressure pulses. Nd:YAG laser interaction processes were found to be
plasma-mediated and shockwave pressure (~ 12 MPa) dependent on plasma and
strongly influenced by metal ions. Ho:YAG laser-induced shockwaves (~ 50 MPa) were
found to be due to direct vaporisation of water and dependent on laser pulse duration.
The characteristics of the pressure pulse waveforms were found to be different, and the
efficiency and repeatability of shockwave and the nature of the dependencies for the
lasers suggest different bubble dynamics.
For the Nd:YAG laser, LIBS has been demonstrated as a potential tool for in situ
analysis of calculus composition and has been used for the identification of major and
trace quantities of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, strontium, chromium, iron,
copper, lead and other elements.
2
Mayo, Michael E. "Interaction of laser radiation with urinary calculi." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4013.
Full textAbstract:
Urolithias, calculus formation in the urinary system, affects 5 – 10% of the population and is a painful and recurrent medical condition. A common approach in the treatment of calculi is the use of laser radiation, a procedure known as laser lithotripsy, however, the technique has not yet been fully optimised. This research examines the experimental parameters relevant to the interactions of the variable microsecond pulsed holmium laser (λ = 2.12 μm, τp = 120 – 800 μs, I ~ 3 MW cm-2) and the Q-switched neodymium laser (λ = 1064 nm, τp = 6 ns, I ~ 90 GW cm-2) with calculi. The laser-calculus interaction was investigated from two perspectives: actions that lead to calculus fragmentation through the formation of shockwave and plasma, and the prospect of material analysis of calculi by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to reveal elemental composition. This work is expected to contribute to improved scientific understanding and development of laser lithotripsy. The results support the general model of thermal and plasma processes leading to vaporization and pressure pulses. Nd:YAG laser interaction processes were found to be plasma-mediated and shockwave pressure (~ 12 MPa) dependent on plasma and strongly influenced by metal ions. Ho:YAG laser-induced shockwaves (~ 50 MPa) were found to be due to direct vaporisation of water and dependent on laser pulse duration. The characteristics of the pressure pulse waveforms were found to be different, and the efficiency and repeatability of shockwave and the nature of the dependencies for the lasers suggest different bubble dynamics. For the Nd:YAG laser, LIBS has been demonstrated as a potential tool for in situ analysis of calculus composition and has been used for the identification of major and trace quantities of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, strontium, chromium, iron, copper, lead and other elements.
3
Bayle, Morgane. "Potentiel antidiabétique de métabolites de polyphénols : les urolithines." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT018.
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Notre travail de thèse avait pour objet l’étude du potentiel anti-diabétique des urolithines A, B, C et D, métabolites de polyphénols formés par le microbiote colique à partir des tanins de l’acide ellagique (présents notamment dans la grenade et les noix).La première partie, bibliographique, constitue un rappel :• de la régulation de l’équilibre glycémique et le rôle de la sécrétion d’insuline dans cette régulation ; •de l ‘épidémiologie et la physiopathologie du diabète type 2 (DT2) ; •des polyphénols et leurs métabolites, ainsi que de leurs effets antidiabétiques potentiels.La seconde partie décrit les effets des urolithines sur différents modèles expérimentaux : •Sur un modèle de cellules β insulino-sécrétrices (lignée INS-1), les urolithines induisent une amplification concentration-dépendante de la sécrétion d’insuline induite par le glucose, mais également par d’autres sécrétagogues comme un analogue du GLP-1 ou une sulfonylurée (médicaments utilisés dans le diabète). Les urolithines préviennent également l’altération sécrétoire induite par un stress oxydant. •L’effet insulino-sécrétoire des urolithines a été confirmé sur îlots de Langerhans isolés. •L’urolithine C étant apparu comme le composé le plus prometteur, nous avons poursuivi la caractérisation de son activité sur un modèle ex vivo mimant la situation physiologique, le pancréas isolé perfusé. Alors que l’effet sécrétoire de l’urolithine C n’apparaît pas en présence de 5mM de glucose, l’urolithine C (20µM) a stimulé la sécrétion d’insuline dans des conditions de stimulation modérée de la sécrétion d’insuline par le glucose (8.3mM). Cet effet est strictement dépendant du glucose, la sécrétion d’insuline retournant immédiatement à son niveau basal lors du passage de 8,3 à 5mM de glucose en présence d’urolithine C. •Des études de pharmacocinétique ont permis de mettre au point une méthodologie de dosage plasmatique de l’urolithine C dans le plasma de rat par chromatographie liquide / ionisation electrospray /spectrographie de masse en tandem. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée à une première étude pharmacocinétique chez le rat après injection de 10mg/kg d’urolithine C par voie intra-péritonéale. Cette étude montre notamment que le profil pharmacocinétique suit un modèle à 3 compartiments et suggère un stockage tissulaire du composé.D’autres résultats (confidentiels) ne peuvent être évoqués dans ce résumé mais confirment l’intérêt potentiel de l’urolithine C dans le traitement du diabète de type 2 en tant que médicament insulinotrope dépendant du glucoseThe objective of our thesis was to study the anti-diabetic potential of metabolites of ellagic acid tanins, present notably in pomegranate and nuts, that are formed by the colon microbiote. The metabolites are urolithins A, B, C and D.The first part of thesis is bibliographic and reviews: •The control of glycemic plasma levels, and in particular the role of insulin secretion in this process; • The pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D); •The various polyphenols and their metabolites, along with their potential anti-diabetic activity.The second part describes the effects of urolithins on various experimental models: •On a model of insulin secreting beta cells (the INS-1cell line), urolithins concentration-dependently amplified insulin secretion induced by glucose, but also by insulinotropic drugs used in the treatment of T2D such as a GLP-1 analogue or a sulfonylurea. In addition, urolithins were able to induce insulin secretion on cells rendered unresponsive to glucose by oxidative stress. • The insulinotropic effect of urolithins was also confirmed on isolated rat islets of Langerhans. •As urolithin C appeared to be the most promising antidiabetic compound, we further characterized its activity on an ex vivo model mimicking the physiological situation, the isolated infused pancreas. While urolithin C (20µM) had no effect in the presence of 5 mM glucose concentration, it amplified the stimulation of insulin secretion in the presence of 8.3mM glucose. The effect of urolithin C was also strictly glucose-dependent, as insulin secretion immediately returned to basal level when glucose concentration was switched from 8.3 to 5mM glucose in the presence of urolithin C. •We also conducted studies aiming at designing a validated methodology for rat plasma urolithin C determination using a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method. The applicability of this assay was demonstrated in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study carried out in rats receiving intraperitoneal administration of urolithin C (10mg/kg). We found that the urolithin C followed a three-compartment model, suggesting a long-term tissue storage of urolithin C.Some other (confidential) results, not described in this abstract, confirmed urolithin C as a potential glucose-dependent insulinotropic treatment for type 2 diabetes
4
Rodrigues, Maria Cardoso Tavares. "Estudo retrospetivo da litíase urinária em cães e gatos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21115.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA urolitíase está associada, com cada vez maior frequência, ao trato urinário de cães e gatos. Os cálculos urinários, vulgarmente intitulados de “pedras”, vão-se formando no trato urinário por acumulação e congregação de cristais existentes na urina (a estruvite e o oxalato de cálcio são os mais frequentes). A formação destes urólitos está frequentemente relacionada com a ingestão insuficiente de água, dietas inadequadas (por exemplo, rações de baixa qualidade) e/ou fatores genéticos. Os urólitos podem ser simples ou podem ter composição mista ou composta. Alguns cálculos são passíveis de ser dissolvidos através da mudança do pH urinário (essencialmente por maneio alimentar), enquanto outros não. São encontrados em qualquer parte do trato urinário e, quando localizados nos rins, o termo nefrolitíase é mais utilizado por ser mais específico, em detrimento de urolitíase, que é mais geral. Os urólitos podem, por vezes, originar situações críticas, como um quadro obstrutivo. Esta é uma urgência médico/cirúrgica e deve ser tratada o mais depressa possível, caso contrário, pode ter um desfecho fatal. A profilaxia médica baseia-se na diminuição da saturação urinária dos cristais que formam os cálculos. O presente estudo retrospetivo analisou os dados clínicos de três gatos (um macho e duas fêmeas) e duas cadelas com diagnóstico de urolitíase, acompanhados no Hospital Veterinário de Alvalade. O exame complementar mais realizado foi a radiografia. O sinal clínico mais frequente foi a prostração, presente em quatro dos cinco casos clínicos. Foram removidos os cistólitos de três dos animais por cistotomia e foi posteriormente avaliada a respetiva composição em apenas dois dos casos, sendo um fator limitante para o sucesso do tratamento. Num dos casos o urólito era composto apenas por um mineral (oxalato de cálcio mono-hidratado) e no outro a composição era mista (20% de fosfato de cálcio e 80% de estruvite). Após diagnóstico de litíase, todos os animais fizeram mudança alimentar para uma ração adequada. O tamanho reduzido da amostra impossibilitou a obtenção de resultados significativos. O tratamento pode representar um desafio, pois, muitas vezes, é necessário ajustar toda a abordagem terapêutica e dietética a cada caso individual, tendo em conta que muitas vezes existem alterações ou doenças subjacentes (nomeadamente doença renal) e/ou restrições monetárias. Nesta revisão, foi ainda realçada a importância do papel do detentor no sucesso do tratamento e a necessidade de uma adesão rigorosa ao protocolo instituído pelo Médico Veterinário.
ABSTRACT - Urolithiasis is associated, with increasing frequency, to the urinary tract of dogs and cats. Calculi, commonly known as “stones”, are formed in the urinary tract by accumulation and congregation of crystals present in urine (struvite and calcium oxalate are the most frequent). The formation of these uroliths is often related to an insufficient water intake, inadequate diet (e.g. poor-quality rations) and/or genetic factors. Uroliths can be simple or have mixed or compound composition. Some calculi are liable to be dissolved by changing the urinary’s pH (essentially through food management), while others are not. They are found anywhere in the urinary tract and, when located in the kidneys, the term nephrolithiasis is more used as it is more specific, as an alternative to urolithiasis, which is the general term. Uroliths can sometimes lead to critical situations, such as an obstructive condition. This is a medical/surgical emergency and should be treated as soon as possible, otherwise it may have a fatal outcome. Medical prophylaxis is based on decreasing the urine saturation of the crystals that form the calculi. The present retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of three cats (one male and two females) and two female dogs, diagnosed with urolithiasis from Hospital Veterinário de Alvalade. The most performed complementary exam was radiography. The most frequent clinical sign was prostration, present in four of the five clinical cases. The cystoliths of three animals were removed by cystotomy, and the respective composition was subsequently evaluated in only two of the cases, being a limiting factor for the success of the treatment. In one case the urolith was composed of a single mineral (calcium oxalate monohydrate) and in the other the composition was mixed (20% calcium phosphate and 80% struvite). After diagnosing lithiasis, all animals changed their diet to an adequate one. The small sample size proved limiting to obtain significant results. Treatment can be challenging, as it is often necessary to adjust the entire therapeutic and dietary approach to each individual case, taking into account that there are often underlying changes or illness (namely kidney disease) and/or monetary restrictions. In this review, the importance of the tutor’s role in the success of the treatment and the need for strict adherence to the protocol established by the Veterinarian, was also highlighted.
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5
Garcia, Munoz Maria-Cristina. "Bioconversion des ellagitannins de la mûre tropicale de montagne (Rubus Adenotrichos) et relation avec l'écologie du microbiome intestinal." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0031/document.
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La consommation d'aliments riches en ellagitannins (ETs) pourrait être associée principalement à la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires et la régulation des cancers hormono-dépendants. Néanmoins, les ETs ne sont pas biodisponibles en tant que tel et, après avoir été partiellement transformés en acide ellagique (EA) dans le tractus gastro-intestinal (GI) supérieur, ils sont métabolisés dans le côlon par la flore intestinale en urolithines, un groupe de molécules plus biodisponibles et bioactives qui peuvent persister jusqu'à 4 jours à des concentrations relativement élevées dans le plasma et l'urine. La variabilité de l'excrétion des urolithines dans l'urine est importante et à partir d'un échantillon de population de 26 volontaires sains, trois groupes principaux d'individus ont pu être distingués : "faible ou non-excréteur d'urolithin », « Excréteur prédominant d'UA et dérivés» et « Excréteur prédominant d'UB et dérivés»". Ces groupes ont également été observés en considérant la cinétique totale d'excrétion sur une période de 4 jours après ingestion du jus et à des périodes différentes tout au long d'une année. Bien que les variabilités inter-et intra-individuelles soient relativement élevées, les individus conservent leur statut au cours des différentes périodes d'intervention même en modifiant les quantités d'ETs ingérées. L'analyse par UPLC-PDA/ESI-Q-TOF/MS2 a permis d'attribuer hypothétiquement une identité à 15 autres métabolites d'ETs dans l'urine, mais le profilage métabolomique n'a pas permis de discriminer d'autres composés exceptés les dérivés d'UA ou d'UB. La fermentation in-vitro des ETs et EA, par les matières fécales a montré une voie métabolique spécifique qui débouche sur la production d'UA. Néanmoins, les métabolites excrétés in vivo sont beaucoup plus complexes ce qui met en évidence de fortes interactions entre le système excréteur de l'hôte et la composition du microbiote intestinal. La recirculation hépatique suivie par une re-conversion des métabolites de phase II dans le côlon permettrait d'expliquer l'excrétion d'UB chez certains volontaires. L'écologie spécifique de la flore intestinale évaluée par la méthode des empreintes PCR-DGGE a permis d'identifier quelques microorganismes associés à une plus grande capacité de bioconversion des ETs en urolithinsConsumption of dietary ellagitannins (ETs) could be associated mainly with prevention of cardiovascular diseases and regulation of hormone-dependent cancers. Nonetheless, ETs are not bioavailable as such; therefore, after being partially converted into ellagic acid (EA) in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they undergo sequential bioconversion in the colon by gut microbiota into urolithins, a more bioavailable and bioactive group of molecules that persist up to 4 days at relatively high concentrations in urine. Variability of urolithin excretion in urine is high and three main groups, “no or low urolithin excreters,” “predominantly UA derivatives excreters” and “predominantly UB derivatives excreters,” were observed on a cohort of 26 healthy volunteers. These categories were also unambiguously observed following the total excretion of main ETs' metabolites over a 4 day period after ingesting one shot of juice, and at different periods of time along one year. Although relatively high inter- and intra-individual variabilities were observed, individuals preserved their status during various intervention periods with different amounts of ETs ingested. UPLC-PDA and ESI-Q-TOF/MS1 and MS2 allowed the tentative assignment of an identity to 15 other ETs metabolites in urine, but this profiling did not allow the discrimination of any other compounds aside from UA or UB derivatives. In-vitro fermentation of ETs and EA with fecal stools showed a specific metabolic pathway ending in the production of UA. Nonetheless, metabolites excreted in-vivo are much more complex, highlighting strong interactions between host excretory system and composition of gut microbiota. Hepatic recirculation and additional bioconversion of Phase II metabolites in the colon may explain predominant excretion of UB in some volunteers. Microbiota ecology assessed by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint method allowed the association of some microorganism species to higher capacity of bioconversion of dietary ETs into urolithins.Key words: Ellagitannins, blackberry, urolithin, colonic metabolites, ETs degradation patterns, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal tract
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Sickinger, Marlene [Verfasser]. "Urolithiasis bei Schafböcken / Marlene Sickinger." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209140543/34.
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Hilburger, Michaela. "Holmium YAG Laserlithotrypsie in der Behandlung der Urolithiasis." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-116955.
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Frenk, Marina. "Epidemiologische und laborexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Urolithiasis bei Katzen." Diss., [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00005970.
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Schoeler, Stefan. "Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse nach ureterorenoskopischer Therapie bei Urolithiasis." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964211335.
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Bonner, Michael Charles. "Clinical implications of infection, encrustation and fracture of polyurethane-based ureteral stents." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295365.
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Bick, Julia Irina [Verfasser]. "Die Behandlung der Urolithiasis : Retrospektive multizentrische Betrachtung der interventionellen Behandlungsmethoden der Urolithiasis anhand von Routinedaten von 2005 bis 2010 / Julia Irina Bick." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047336677/34.
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Wandt, Michael Alexander Erich. "Scientific aspects of urolithiasis : quantitative stone analyses and crystallization experiments." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17041.
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Bibliography : pages 211-267.This thesis describes two aspects of the various scientific approaches to the study of urolithiasis. In the first instance, the theory, development and results of three quantitative analytical procedures are described while in the second, crystallization experiments in a rotary evaporator are presented. Of the different methods of quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analyses, the 'internal standard method' and a microanalytical technique were identified as being potentially the two most useful procedures for the quantitative analysis of urinary calculi. 'Reference intensity ratios' for 6 major stone phases were determined and were used in the analysis of 20 calculi by the 'internal standard method'. It is concluded that the attainment of accurate results using this procedure is not easily achieved because of problems such as the unavailability of standards which realistically mimic stone composition, sample preparation, overlap of reflections from sample components and standards and the requirement of 'infinitely thick' specimens ( > 250 mg). For the microanalytical technique, micro-quantities of 10 calculi from the original 20 were deposited on silver filters and were quantitatively analysed using both, the attenuation of the Ag peak and the separately measured absorption coefficients μ*· Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) methods were also investigated, developed and used in this study. Various procedures for the digestion of calculi were tested and a mixture of HNO₃ and HClO₄ was eventually found to be the most successful. The major elements Ca, Mg, and Pin 41 calculi were-determined. For the determination of trace elements, a new microwave-assisted digestion procedure was developed and used for the digestion of 100 calculi. Thereafter the major elements Ca, Mg and P together with the minor and trace elements Al, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, S, Sr and Zn in all 100 stones were simultaneously determined. The data so obtained were subjected to 3 types of statistical analyses involving direct correlations, scatter plots and a relatively new multivariate analysis of logarithmic data known as a 'covariance biplot'. Several interesting correlations were obtained. Fluoride concentrations in two stone collections - 20 calculi from India and 42 from South Africa - were determined using a fluoride-ion sensitive electrode and the HNO₃/HClO₄ digestion procedure used for the ICP study. Direct measurement of fluoride proved unsuccessful thereby necessitating the investigation and development of a diffusion technique. Using this method the fluoride content of both collections was determined. A series of crystallization experiments involving a standard reference artificial urine was carried out in a rotary evaporator. The effect of pH and urine composition was studied by varying the former and by including certain components (uric acid, urea, creatinine, MgO, methylene blue, chondroitin sulphate A, fluoride) in the reference solution. Crystals formed in these experiments were subjected to qualitative and semi-quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analyses. Scanning electron microscopy of several deposits was also carried out. Similar deposits to those observed in calculi were obtained with the fast evaporator. The results presented suggest that this system provides a simple, yet very useful means for studying the crystallization characteristics of urine solutions. The quantitative analytical procedures described in detail in this thesis can serve as model techniques for other workers involved in stone research. Together with other approaches such as the crystallization experiments discussed, these procedures can lead to a better understanding of the aetiological processes which govern stone formation.
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May, Kimberly Anne. "Experimental Evaluation of Urinary Bladder Marsupialization in Male Goats." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43755.
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Urinary bladder marsupialization has been successful in producing acceptable long-term resolution of clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the six-month outcome of urinary bladder marsupialization in male goats.
The urinary bladders of six male goats free from systemic disease were marsupialized following induced urethral obstruction. Renal ultrasonography, complete blood count, and blood chemistry analysis were evaluated preoperatively (day 0), at 7 postoperative days, and at 30-day intervals until 180 postoperative days. Stomal diameter was recorded at each interval. Necropsy examination was performed on day 180 or when stomal stricture or death occurred.
Stomal stricture occurred in one goat at 120 days, and another goat was found dead at 150 days. Necropsy of this goat revealed severe, suppurative cystitis. All goats developed mild urine scald dermatitis. All blood chemistry values remained within normal limits. Significant decreases in white blood cell count, serum creatinine, and stomal diameter were observed from day 0 to day 180. Except for the goat that died at 150 days, all urinary bladders were tubular in shape and the mucosa and serosa of all urinary tract organs appeared grossly normal at necropsy examination.
Histologic evidence of chronic suppurative cystitis and chronic, mild, lymphoplasmacytic pyelitis was present in all goats. Culture of renal tissue yielded bacterial growth in three of six goats, and culture of a swab of the urinary bladder mucosa yielded bacterial growth in all animals.
Although clinical signs of ascending urinary tract infection were not observed in goats with patent stomata, urinary bladder marsupialization may result in ascending inflammation or infection. Based upon the results of this study, urinary bladder marsupialization should be recommended with caution as the primary procedure in clinical cases.Master of Science
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Junior, Alécio Antonio Pimenta. "Estudos estruturais e correlação com a síndrome urolitíase de mutantes da adenina fosforribosiltransferase humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-29082011-095840/.
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A 2,8-DHA Urolitíase é uma doença resultante de uma desordem hereditária que leva a deficiência de atividade da enzima APRT do grupo das PRTases. Até o momento, foram encontradas 18 mutações em pacientes, das quais 7 são missense. O presente trabalho dedica-se ao estudo funcional e estrutural dessas 7 mutações e da deleção ΔF173. Construções dos mutantes D65V, L110P, M136T, R67Q, R89Q, I112F e F173G foram obtidas no vetor pET-29a(+) e clonados em E. coli. Os protocolos de expressão e purificação foram estabelecidos, onde as enzimas foram obtidas após uma etapa cromatográfica na coluna CHTTM Hidroxiapatita Cerâmica no grau de pureza necessário. A única exceção foi o mutante I112F que se mostrou insolúvel durante a expressão. Um ensaio cinético acoplado através de kit para detecção de PPi foi padronizado e permitiu a caracterização cinética da hAPRT nativa e de seu mutantes. Os mutantes apresentaram perdas de eficiência de uma ordem de magnitude, com exceção do F173G, cujos valores foram comparáveis aos da hAPRT nativa. Ensaios de cristalização foram realizados para todos os mutantes e resultaram em cristais para os mutantes F173G, R67Q e R89Q. Esses cristais foram coletados na linha de Cristalografia de Macromoléculas 2 no LNLS. Os conjuntos de dados estão sendo analisados e as estruturas estão em fase final de refinamento.2,8-DHA Urolithiasis is a disease resulting from an inherited disorder that leads to deficiency of APRT, an enzyme of the PRTases group. So far, 18 mutations were found in patients, 7 of which are missense. This work is dedicated to the functional and structural study of these 7 mutations and the deletion ΔF173. Mutants constructions D65V, L110P, M136T, R67Q, R89Q, I112F and F173G were obtained in the vector pET-29a (+) and cloned in E. coli. The expression and purification protocols were established and the enzymes were obtained after 1 chromatographic step using the CHTTM Hydroxyapatite Ceramics column in the required purity. The only exception was the mutant I112F that resulted insoluble during expression. A coupled kinetic assay using PPi detection kit was standardized and allowed the kinetic characterization of native hAPRT and its mutants. The mutants had an efficiency loss of an order of magnitude, with the exception of F173G, whose values were comparable to those of native hAPRT. Crystallization trials were performed for all mutants and resulted in crystals for mutants F173G, R67Q and R89Q. These crystals were collected on Macromolecules Crystallography 2 line at LNLS. The datasets are being analyzed and the structures are in the final stages of refinement.
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Amaro, Carmen Regina Petean Ruiz [UNESP]. "Avaliação metabólica em litíase urinária: papel do magnésio e sódio urinários como fatores de risco na litogênese." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101029.
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amaro_crpr_dr_botfm.pdf: 783512 bytes, checksum: 77090e654f0b39da729c3d6aea6d8c92 (MD5)A urolitíase é a terceira causa de afecção do trato urinário, com recorrência em torno de 50% em 5 anos após o primeiro cálculo. Afeta de 1 a 20% da população mundial, estando envolvidos fatores genéticos, epidemiológicos, diferenças geográficas, hábitos alimentares e, menos comumente, distúrbios hormonais. As investigações metabólicas têm grande importância na prevenção desta patologia. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: diagnosticar os distúrbios metabólicos de pacientes litiásicos do Serviço de Litotripsia do Departamento de Urologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, estudar o sódio e o magnésio urinários como fatores de risco e conhecer aspectos epidemiológicos dessa população. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 158 pacientes com idade superior a 12 anos, no período de Fevereiro de 2000 a Dezembro de 2001. Foram incluidos pacientes com história e exames por imagem comprobatórios de no mínimo 2 cálculos, clearance de creatinina ≥ 60 ml/min e urocultura negativa. O protocolo consistiu da coleta não simultânea de 2 amostras de urina de 24h, para dosagens de Ca, P, AcU, Na, K, , Mg, Ox e Ci e dosagens séricas de glicemia, Ca, P, FA, AcU, Na, K, Cl, Mg, U, Cr; Realização do índice Ca/Cr urinários; índice Ca/Mg em urina 24h; índice de recorrência; pH urinário; prova de acidificação urinária. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram: dos 158 pacientes estudados, 151 apresentaram pelo menos uma alteração metabólica. Destes,94(62,2%) apresentaram alteração metabólica isolada e 57(37,8%) alterações mistas. Os principais distúrbios encontrados foram: hipercalciúria(74,0%), hipocitratúria(37,3%), hiperoxalúria(24,1%), litíase úrica(20,2%), hiperparatireoidismo 1ario(1,8%) 2 ario (0,6%) e ATR(0,6%). A hipernatriúria esteve presente em 50% dos pacientes e a hipomagnesúria...
Urolithiasis is the third cause of urinary tract disease, with about 50% reoccurrence within five years of the first calculus. It affects between 1 and 20% of the world’s population, involving genetic and epidemiological factors, such as race; geographic differences; eating habits; and less commonly hormone disorders. Metabolic investigations are very important in preventing this pathology. The objectives of this work were to diagnose metabolic disorders in lithiasic patients from the Lithotripsy Service, Urology Department HC, FMB-UNESP, study sodium and magnesium as risk factors, and look at epidemiological aspects of this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 158 patients all over 12 years old between February 2000 and December 2001. Patients were included with history and image exam confirmation of a minimum of 2 calculi, creatinine clearance ≥ 60 ml/min, and negative uroculture. The protocol consisted of non-simultaneous collect of two 24 hour urine samples for Ca, P, AcU, Na, K, Mg, Ox, and Ci levels, and serum levels of glycemia, Ca, P, FA, AcU, Na, K, Cl, Mg, U, and Cr; calculation of urine Ca/Cr index; 24h urine Ca/Mg index; recurrence index; urine pH; and urine acidity test. RESULTS: From the 158 patients studied, 151 presented at least one metabolic alteration; of these 94 were isolated alterations and 57 mixed. The main disorders were: hypercalciuria (74.0%); hypocitraturia (37.3%); hyperoxaluria (24.1%); uric acid lithiasis (20.2%); primary hyperparathyroidism (1.8%), secondary (0.6%); and ATR (0.6%). Hypernatriuria was present in 59% of patients and hypomagnesuria in 20.9%. Consumed water and urine volume did not show as risk factors. Hypernatriuria showed significant positive correlation in the male group only. There was no significant correlation between hypomagnesuria and...(Complete abstract click electronic address below)
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Amaro, Carmen Regina Petean Ruiz. "Avaliação metabólica em litíase urinária : papel do magnésio e sódio urinários como fatores de risco na litogênese /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101029.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José GoldbergResumo: A urolitíase é a terceira causa de afecção do trato urinário, com recorrência em torno de 50% em 5 anos após o primeiro cálculo. Afeta de 1 a 20% da população mundial, estando envolvidos fatores genéticos, epidemiológicos, diferenças geográficas, hábitos alimentares e, menos comumente, distúrbios hormonais. As investigações metabólicas têm grande importância na prevenção desta patologia. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: diagnosticar os distúrbios metabólicos de pacientes litiásicos do Serviço de Litotripsia do Departamento de Urologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, estudar o sódio e o magnésio urinários como fatores de risco e conhecer aspectos epidemiológicos dessa população. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 158 pacientes com idade superior a 12 anos, no período de Fevereiro de 2000 a Dezembro de 2001. Foram incluidos pacientes com história e exames por imagem comprobatórios de no mínimo 2 cálculos, clearance de creatinina ≥ 60 ml/min e urocultura negativa. O protocolo consistiu da coleta não simultânea de 2 amostras de urina de 24h, para dosagens de Ca, P, AcU, Na, K, , Mg, Ox e Ci e dosagens séricas de glicemia, Ca, P, FA, AcU, Na, K, Cl, Mg, U, Cr; Realização do índice Ca/Cr urinários; índice Ca/Mg em urina 24h; índice de recorrência; pH urinário; prova de acidificação urinária. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram: dos 158 pacientes estudados, 151 apresentaram pelo menos uma alteração metabólica. Destes,94(62,2%) apresentaram alteração metabólica isolada e 57(37,8%) alterações mistas. Os principais distúrbios encontrados foram: hipercalciúria(74,0%), hipocitratúria(37,3%), hiperoxalúria(24,1%), litíase úrica(20,2%), hiperparatireoidismo 1ario(1,8%) 2 ario (0,6%) e ATR(0,6%). A hipernatriúria esteve presente em 50% dos pacientes e a hipomagnesúria...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Urolithiasis is the third cause of urinary tract disease, with about 50% reoccurrence within five years of the first calculus. It affects between 1 and 20% of the world's population, involving genetic and epidemiological factors, such as race; geographic differences; eating habits; and less commonly hormone disorders. Metabolic investigations are very important in preventing this pathology. The objectives of this work were to diagnose metabolic disorders in lithiasic patients from the Lithotripsy Service, Urology Department HC, FMB-UNESP, study sodium and magnesium as risk factors, and look at epidemiological aspects of this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 158 patients all over 12 years old between February 2000 and December 2001. Patients were included with history and image exam confirmation of a minimum of 2 calculi, creatinine clearance ≥ 60 ml/min, and negative uroculture. The protocol consisted of non-simultaneous collect of two 24 hour urine samples for Ca, P, AcU, Na, K, Mg, Ox, and Ci levels, and serum levels of glycemia, Ca, P, FA, AcU, Na, K, Cl, Mg, U, and Cr; calculation of urine Ca/Cr index; 24h urine Ca/Mg index; recurrence index; urine pH; and urine acidity test. RESULTS: From the 158 patients studied, 151 presented at least one metabolic alteration; of these 94 were isolated alterations and 57 mixed. The main disorders were: hypercalciuria (74.0%); hypocitraturia (37.3%); hyperoxaluria (24.1%); uric acid lithiasis (20.2%); primary hyperparathyroidism (1.8%), secondary (0.6%); and ATR (0.6%). Hypernatriuria was present in 59% of patients and hypomagnesuria in 20.9%. Consumed water and urine volume did not show as risk factors. Hypernatriuria showed significant positive correlation in the male group only. There was no significant correlation between hypomagnesuria and...(Complete abstract click electronic address below)
Doutor
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King, Michael David. "The Effect of Nephrotomy on Renal Function and Morphology in Normal Cats." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42678.
Full textAbstract:
Objective:
To assess effects of bisection nephrotomy on renal function, size, and morphology in cats over a period of 12 weeks.
Study Design:
Controlled, randomized, blinded experiment.
Sample Population:
Ten adult female cats.
Methods:
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as determined by quantitative renal scintigraphy using 99mTc-DTPA, urinalysis, urine culture, and sonographic measurement of renal size were performed pre-operatively. A left or right nephrotomy (five randomly assigned cats in each group) was performed. Total and individual kidney GFRs were determined in each cat 2, 28 and 84 days post-operatively. Both kidneys were measured sonographically 28 and 86 days postoperatively and an ultrasound-guided biopsy of each kidney was obtained 86 days postoperatively.
Results:
No significant differences in mean GFR and kidney size of the operated versus un-operated kidneys were observed at any time period. Individual GFR and renal size of all except one of the cats remained within normal limits. Two additional cats had evidence of transient ureteral obstruction in the immediate post-operative period. No significant histologic abnormalities were observed in any biopsy.
Conclusions:
Bisection nephrotomy in normal cats did not adversely affect renal function or morphology over the three month post-operative period.
Clinical Relevance:
Bisection nephrotomy can be safely performed in normal feline kidneys without causing a significant deleterious effect on renal function. Studies in animals with pre-existing renal insufficiency are needed to insure no adverse effects would occur in clinical cases where this surgical procedure is warranted.Master of Science
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Fleming, David Elliot. "Urolithiasis : occurrence and function of intracrystalline proteins in calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals /." Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Chemistry, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15693.
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The broad aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine the relationship between the mineral and organic phases of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals, which are the principal components of human kidney stones. The results presented, clearly demonstrate the presence of some amino acids and urinary proteins in the crystals and suggest a role for intracrystalline proteins in urolithiasis. The adsorptive affinities of twenty amino acids to COM, calcium hydrogen phosphate, tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite were assessed over the physiological urinary pH range (pH 5-8) in aqueous solutions. In all cases adsorption was strongest at pH 5 and decreased as the pH increased as a result of the increasing negative charge of both substrate and adsorbate. Binding was higher to COM than to the phosphate minerals, owing to differences in the surface charge or coordination-site availability. Aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu) and y- carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which each have at least two carboxyl groups, exhibited the highest binding affinities, suggesting that binding occurs by chelation. Further, binding affinity was reasoned to result from the ability of the zwitterions of Asp, Glu and Gla to adopt favourable conformations in which two carboxyl groups, and possibly the amino group, can interact with the mineral surface without further rotation. Although free amino acids are unlikely to fulfil a prominent inhibitory role in stone pathophysiology, they could, nonetheless, fulfil an important function as terminal residues or as exposed components of calcium-binding domains of proteins involved in stone formation. The existence of intracrystalline proteins and amino acids in COM crystals was demonstrated by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (SXRD) analysis.Non-uniform strains and crystallite sizes were derived from SXRD whole pattern line widths using Rietveld analysis, which showed an increase in average non-uniform strain and a decrease in average crystallite size. These were attributed to intracrystalline molecules. Occluded molecules were Glu, Gla, human prothrombin (PT) and to a lesser extent, human serum albumin (HSA), as well as crystal matrix extract (CME), which comprises a complex mixture of soluble organic molecules remaining after demineralization of COM crystals grown in centrifuged and filtered (CF) urine. COM grown in CF urine possessed greater non-uniform strain and smaller crystallite size than COM grown in ultrafiltered (UF) urine, indicating that the majority of intracrystalline macromolecules in crystals derived from CF urine were >10kDa in molecular mass. Asp, AspAsp, GluGlu and Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein (THG) were non-occluded molecules. Proteinase treatment of COM crystals grown in CF urine produced a marked decrease in non-uniform strain and an increase in crystallite size, suggesting that smaller crystallite material, more intimately associated with proteins than the bulk COM, was liberated during the treatment. A reciprocal relationship was found between non-uniform strain and crystallite size, which was dependent upon the type of molecule(s) in which the COM crystals were grown. For a given increment in non-uniform strain, the corresponding decrease in crystallite size was found to be considerably greater for occluded macromolecules, than for amino acids. This difference was attributed to the capacity of macromolecules, once incorporated into the crystal, to disrupt a larger volume of the mineral bulk than amino acids. Alternatively, unlike amino acids, macromolecules might possibly stabilise an amorphous phase.
Amorphous contributions resulting from the occlusion of PT and molecules from CF urine and UF urine in COM were found to range between 5-9%. The SXRD data derived from the COM crystals were further analysed for anisotropy using Williamson-Hall plots and individual peak analysis (SHADOW). Crystals grown in distilled water COM (distilled water) and COM (Asp, AspAsp, GluGlu, Gla, HSA, THG and PT) were isotropic with respect to both non-uniform strain and crystallite size. Although COM (Glu) and COM (UF) were isotropic with respect to non-uniform strain, the crystallite sizes were smaller along the (100) and (001) principal axes, respectively. COM (CF urine) and COM (CME) were also anisotropic, but with respect to crystallite size, with the shortest lengths occurring along the (100) and (001) axes. The absence of anisotropy in non-uniform strain was ascribed to experimental error. The data also showed that stacking faults contributed significantly to crystal disorder. Largest stacking faults, highest non-uniform strain and lowest crystallite sizes were generally found along the (13i) plane. Computer- generated models showed that molecules as large as proteins could not effectively be incorporated along the (13i) plane in COM. It was concluded therefore, that they transmit disorder from the principal (100,010, 001) planes in the crystal to the (13i) plane by diagonal sliding of one or more rows of oxalate ions, calcium ions and water molecules. SXRD single peak and whole pattern analysis of COM crystals grown in aqueous solutions of increasing concentrations of PT, HSA, CME and Gla showed that non- uniform strain increased, crystallite size decreased and stacking faults increased, to limiting values.
This was also found for crystals grown in UF urine containing CME and HSA. When crystals with occluded proteins were treated with proteinase K, their stacking faults and non-uniform strain decreased, and crystallite size increased, indicating that the non-crystalline material is more intimately associated with the protein and is physically removed or solubilised when the protein is destroyed. FESEM observations of the internal architecture of fractured CaOx crystals grown in human urine and synthetic solutions containing PT, revealed an inhomogeneous microstructure containing low density zones not observed in COM crystals grown in water or UF urine. Proteolytic treatment of the fractured crystals, created an internal honey combed structure that replaced the “low-density” zones. A timed growth study showed the internal ultrastructure of urinary COM crystals depended to a significant extent, upon the ratio of crystal-binding proteins to the available quantities of solute ions during growth. Dissolution studies of COM crystals showed that the process obeyed the Shrinking Core model and was therefore surface area-dependent. Pure COM dissolved more rapidly than crystals derived from UF urine, which dissolved at a faster rate than crystals precipitated from CF urine. This was attributed to shielding of the exposed COM surface by occluded molecules, which would reduce the effective surface area and slow dissolution. There is also the possibility that the macromolecules would have bound to the ions and retard their release into solution. The use of proteinase inhibitors verified the presence of proteinases in fresh urine and showed that they were capable of attacking proteins occluded in COM, in particular, proteins with Mr > 10kDa.
Although COM (CF) crystals were more difficult to dissolve than COM (UF) crystals in aqueous solutions, they were far more susceptible to endogenous proteolytic degradation in urine. Collectively, these findings have formed the basis of a novel hypothesis, which proposes that the type and concentration of urinary proteins incorporated inside CaOx crystals are fundamental to the disposal of CaOx crystals precipitated and retained within the renal system, and may therefore play an important role in the prevention of urolithiasis.
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Rakotozandriny, Karol. "Investigation of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization under Microfluidic Conditions for the Understanding of Urolithiasis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS347.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Ces cinquante dernières années, la prévalence croissante de la lithiase urinaire souligne l’importance de comprendre les processus causant la formation des calculs rénaux. L’étude de la cristallisation des oxalates de calcium (CaOx, composé inorganique majoritaire des calculs) a été largement caractérisée en condition batch, qui est néanmoins loin d’être considéré comme biomimétiques vis-à-vis de l’environnement rénal ou de l’écoulement urinaire. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé une puce microfluidique réversible contenant un microcanal mimant un canal collecteur du néphron. In vivo, des calculs de CaOx peuvent s’y former en réponse à une sursaturation en ions Ca2+(aq) and Ox2-(aq). Dans le microcanal, la cristallisation des CaOx a été induite par mélange co-laminaire d’ions Ca2+(aq) et Ox2-(aq) à des concentrations simulant l’hypercalciurie et l’hyperoxalurie modérée. La microscopie électronique à balayage et la spectroscopie Raman ont été utilisées pour caractériser nos résultats. Elles ont montré que les CaOx précipitent dans le microcanal en un mélange de whewellite (CaC2O4.H2O, COM) et de weddellite (CaC2O4.2H2O, COD), tel qu’observer par les médecins. Des observations in situ sur la cinétique de croissance des CaOx ont pu être collectées grâce à notre plateforme microfluidique. Elles confirment les effets des conditions hydrodynamique et chimique sur la croissance, la phase et la morphologie des CaOx. Dans une tentative de se rapprocher d’un modèle plus biomimétique, la surface du microcanal a été modifiée avec de l’hydroxyapatite afin de mimer la formation de cristaus de CaOx sur plaque de RandallOver the past decades, the increase in kidney stone formers has raised the importance to understand the biomineralization process responsible for urolithiasis. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization – kidney stone main inorganic compound – has largely been characterized under batch synthesis conditions that cannot be regarded as biomimetic with respect to the microscale environment in the kidney and to the urinary flow. In this work, we used a reversible microchannel to mimic the collecting duct in the nephron where CaOx stones can form due to supersaturated levels in calcium and oxalate ions. Within the channel, CaOx crystallization was induced under co-laminar mixing of Ca2+(aq) and Ox2-(aq) ions matching pathological concentrations – i.e. hypercalciuria and moderate hyperoxaluria. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to support our investigations. They showed that CaOx crystals precipitate in a mixture of monohydrated whewellite (CaC2O4.H2O, COM) and dihydrated weddellite (CaC2O4.2H2O, COD) in the microchannel, similar to what is observed by the physicians. In situ information on the kinetics of CaOx crystal growth could be acquired in our microfluidic system. They confirmed the effect of the hydrodynamic and chemical conditions on the growth kinetics and the final chemistry (phase, shape) of the formed CaOx crystals. In a trial to achieve a more complex biomimetic model (formation of kidney stones on a Randall’s plaque), hydroxyapatite was grown also in the microchannel and the CaOx crystal formation was investigated
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Rückert, Cornelia. "Effekte der Natriumchlorid- oder Ammoniumchloridsupplementierung auf das Harnsteinbildungspotential beim Kaninchen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213472.
Full textAbstract:
Ziel der Arbeit war eine Steigerung der Wasseraufnahme und Harndilution durch Supplementierung von Natriumchlorid (NaCl) oder pH-Wert-Senkung durch Zugabe von Ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) zur Reduktion des Harnsteinbildungspotenzials.
Durch die NaCl-Zulage wurde die Harnmenge signifikant gesteigert und das spezifische Gewicht des Harns gesenkt. Eine NaCl-Gabe stellt somit einen möglichen ergänzenden therapeutischen Ansatz für eine vermehrte Ausscheidung von Kristallen dar. Eine Ansäuerung des Harns durch Zulage
von NH4Cl ließ sich nicht erreichen.
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Albrecht, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Nutzen der Steinsanierung nach stattgehabter Urosepsis bei älteren, multimorbiden Patienten mit Urolithiasis / Matthias Albrecht." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046832867/34.
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Carr, Susan Venn. "Measurement of Pre and Postprandial Urine Calcium to Creatinine Ratio to Identify Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Miniature Schnauzers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83768.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this research is to identify a simple diagnostic test to detect abnormal calciuresis and predict calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolith presence in Miniature Schnauzers. We investigated the impact of postprandial time on the specificity of urine calcium:creatine (UCa/Cr) in identifying affected dogs.
The hypotheses were: 1) Significant differences exist in fasted and postprandial UCa/Cr between urolith-forming and control schnauzers. 2) UCa/Cr increases significantly from fasted baseline at one or more postprandial time point(s).
Urine samples were collected from Miniature Schnauzers with (urolith-formers) and without (controls) CaOx uroliths in a fasted state and 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours after feeding a standardized diet. The change in UCa/Cr from baseline was calculated for each postprandial time. Urolithiasis status and the time point were assessed for impact on the UCa/Cr and change in UCa/Cr using a mixed model ANOVA.
Based on 9 urolith-forming and 15 control dogs enrolled, urolith-forming Miniature Schnauzers have significantly higher mean UCa/Cr at 1 hour and 8 hours postprandial timepoints indicating altered calciuresis. The change in UCa/Cr was not significant at any post-prandial time point between or within groups.
This pilot study shows male urolith-forming Miniature Schnauzers have excessive calciuresis throughout the day, providing insight into the mechanism behind their formation of CaOx uroliths. If using the Ca/Cr ratio, the postprandial sampling time is not critical. This simple urine measurement has potential as a marker of urolith presence and possibly risk of urolith formation.Master of Science
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Sullivan, Kathleen Elizabeth. "The Impact of Nutrition on the Development of Urolithiasis in Captive Giraffes and Meat Goats." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12042006-190320/.
Full textAbstract:
Obstructive urolithiasis is a documented problem in domestic ruminants, such as the meat goat, and also in captive giraffe. A survey of the health history, feeding practices, and dietary contents in captive giraffes in North America was conducted to examine the possible connection between diet and the development of urolithiasis. Samples of urine, serum and feed were collected and analyzed for basic panels and mineral content. There appeared to be a positive correlation between diet and physiologic phosphorus levels in giraffe. This may not have been related to the ingredients of the diet but rather to the ratio of concentrate to hay eaten and the nutrient composition of the concentrate. We hypothesized that high phosphorus content in the diet and a high level of concentrate feeding would increase indicators of urolith formations including crystal formation and high urine mineral content. We followed up with a metabolic trial in meat goats, testing 2 different complete pelleted feeds and 2 complete pelleted feed to hay ratios in a 2 by 2 factorial randomized complete block design. The intent of this study was to look at the impact of type of diet (ADF-16 or Wild Herbivore complete pelleted feed) and complete pelleted feed to hay ratios (20 or 80 % hay) on the development of urolithiasis in meat goats, in the context of captive giraffe feeding practices. The four treatments had a range of fiber content and differed in mineral content, particularly Ca to P ratio and levels of P. We also measured the number of crystals in the fresh urine, as these may be considered precursors to urolith formation. The ADF-16 diet where hay was 20% of the diet had the lowest levels of fiber, lowest Ca to P ratio, and highest level of phosphorus compared to the other 3 diet treatments. From our results, it can be concluded that feeding the ADF-16 diet where hay is 20% of the diet, produced a trend of high urinary P, high serum P and a tendency for a high crystal count in the urine over the four week experimental period. These can be considered strong risk factors for the development of phosphatic uroliths. As one third of the zoos which responded to the survey fed a majority of their diets as ADF-16, this conclusion warrants further investigation.
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Moysidis, Theodoros. "Einfluss der renalen Hämatome auf Nierenfunktion und Blutdruck nach Behandlung der Urolithiasis mittels extrakorporaler-Stosswellen-Lithotripsie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969678762.
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Watanabe, Hiroko. "Studies on gut bacterial metabolisms of food-derived bioactive phytochemicals." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253330.
Full textAbstract:
京都大学0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第22494号
農博第2398号
新制||農||1076(附属図書館)
学位論文||R2||N5274(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 栗原 達夫, 教授 加納 健司
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Agricultural Science
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Halfen, Doris Pereira. "Adição de fontes de enxofre e cálcio na dieta de gatos adultos e seus efeitos no ph urinário e equilíbrio ácido-básico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149324.
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A urolitíase é um problema recorrente na clínica veterinária considerada como causa de morbidade. As urolitíases são estreitamente associadas ao pH urinário e a nutrição exerce um papel fundamental no controle desta afecção, pois através da manipulação da dieta, pode-se modificar o pH urinário. A dieta possui cátions e ânions na sua composição mineral e a diferença entre íons é medida em miliequivalentes (mEq/kg) e denominado excesso de bases (EB) da dieta, calculado através da equação: (49,9 x Ca) + (82,3 x Mg) + (43,5 x Na) + (25,6 x K) – (64,6 x P) – (62,4 x S) – (28,2 x Cl), sendo a concentração dos elementos em g/kg de MS. A finalidade deste estudo, dividido em dois experimentos, foi avaliar o efeito da adição de fontes de enxofre (S) e cálcio nas dietas de felinos sobre o pH urinário e equilíbrio ácido-básico. A adição de fontes de enxofre objetivou demonstrar a eficácia na acidificação urinária. No primeiro experimento avaliaram-se três diferentes fontes de enxofre: sulfato de cálcio (CaSO4), DL-metionina (DLM) e Metionina hidróxi análoga (MHA) adicionados a uma dieta controle em dois níveis cada um. No tratamento controle não houve adição de acidificantes. No primeiro nível adicionou-se 1,28 g de S/kg e no segundo 2,56 g de S/kg, resultando em sete tratamentos. No segundo experimento duas fontes de cálcio foram avaliadas com o objetivo de pesquisar a eficácia destes sais na alcalinização da urina. No tratamento controle não houve adição de fontes de cálcio. Nos tratamentos 2 e 3 foram adicionados à dieta controle carbonato de cálcio e gluconato de cálcio, respectivamente, nas doses de +160 mEq/kg, resultando em três tratamentos. A urina produzida em cada período de 24 horas teve aferida seu volume, densidade e pH. No segundo experimento foi também medida a excreção urinária de cálcio no período de 72h. O equilíbrio ácido-básico foi avaliado pela hemogasometria de sangue venoso. A DLM no maior nível e o MHA diferiram da dieta controle em relação ao pH urinário (p<0,001) e seu poder acidificante foi maior que o do sulfato de cálcio (p<0,05). As duas fontes de cálcio alcalinizaram a urina, mas o carbonato de cálcio atingiu um pH urinário mais alto que o gluconato de cálcio. Concluiu-se que o efeito diferenciado das fontes de S e cálcio sobre o pH urinário é um indicador de que a participação do cálcio é dependente dos ânions a que está associado, o que leva ao questionamento sobre qual a melhor forma de avaliar sua participação no cálculo do EB.Urolithiasis is a commom problem in the veterinary clinic considered as a cause of morbidity. The urolithiasis are closely associated with urinary pH and nutrition plays a key role in the control of this disease, because through dietary manipulation, it´s possible modify the urinary pH. The diet has cations and anions in their mineral composition and the difference between ions is measured in milliequivalents (mEq/kg) and called base excess (BE) of the diet, calculated by the equation: (49.9 x Ca) + (82, Mg x 3) + (43.5 x Na) + (25.6 x K) - (64.6 x P) - (62.4 x S) - (28.2 x Cl), being the concentration of elements in g/kg DM. The purpose of this study, divided in two experiments, was to evaluate the effect of addition of sources of sulfur (S) and calcium in the diets of cats on the urinary pH and acid-base balance. The addition of sulfur sources aimed to demonstrate the efficacy in urinary acidification. In the first experiment were evaluated three different sources of sulfur, calcium sulfate (CaSO4), DLMethionine (DLM) and Methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) added to a control diet at two levels each. In the control treatment there was no addition of acidifying. At the first level was added 1.28 g S/kg and in the second 2.56 g S/kg, resulting in seven treatments. In the second experiment two calcium sources were evaluated in order to research the effectiveness of these salts in alkalinize urine. In the control treatment there was no addition of calcium sources. In treatments 2 and 3 were added to the control diet calcium carbonate and calcium gluconate, respectively, at doses of +160 mEq/kg, resulting in three treatments. The urine produced in each period of 24 hours had measured its volume, density and pH. The second experiment also measured the urinary excretion of calcium in the period of 72 hours. The acid-base balance was evaluated by blood gas analysis of venous blood. The DLM at the highest level and MHA differed of the control diet in relation to urinary pH (p<0.001) and their acidifying power was greater than the calcium sulfate (p<0.05). The two sources of calcium alkalinized the urine, but the calcium carbonate reached a urine pH higher than calcium gluconate. It was concluded that the effect of different sources of S and calcium on urinary pH is an indicator that the participation of calcium is dependent of the anions that is associated, which leads to questions about how is the best way to evaluate its participation in calculation of BE.
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Lüpke, Carolin [Verfasser]. "„Wenn das Pferd nicht stallen kann“ - Diagnostik und Therapie der Urolithiasis beim Pferd seit der frühen Neuzeit / Carolin Lüpke." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024475344/34.
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Ruschke, Kathrin. "Retrospektive Studie der Urolithiasis im Kindesalter Diagnostik, Therapie und Spätergebnisse aus dem St. Barbara-Krankenhaus Halle von 1980 - 1999 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974105112.
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Faassen, Arendina van. "The effect of different diets on faecal markers related to colorectal cancer risk studies with vegetarians and urolithiasis patients /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8255.
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Halt, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Dosisreduktionsmöglichkeiten durch den Einsatz des Zinnfilters in der Computertomographie des Abdomens bei Urolithiasis unter Berücksichtigung des Patientendiameters / Daniel Halt." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216564167/34.
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Stevenson, Abigail Emma. "The incidence of urolithiasis in dogs and cats, and the influence of diet in formation and prevention of recurrence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272230.
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Ghosh, Nandini. "MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF LIPID METABOLISM IN NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS: FOCUS ON DEGENERATIVE METABOLIC CONDITIONS." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu156346872132189.
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Júnior, Celso Heitor de Freitas. "Avaliação metabólica de homens idosos portadores de litíase urinária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-12012012-154818/.
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OBJETIVOS: O aumento da expectativa de vida tem gerado um envelhecimento populacional global, fazendo com que a proporção de indivíduos com mais de 60 anos de idade cresça mais rapidamente do que as demais faixas etárias. A incidência de litíase urinária em indivíduos idosos tem aumentado nos últimos anos, principalmente em nações industrializadas. Aspectos particulares do envelhecimento orgânico aumentam a morbidade associada à litíase urinária em idosos, tornando a prevenção e o tratamento clínico ainda mais relevantes nessa faixa etária. Nosso objetivo é analisar a avaliação metabólica de homens idosos portadores de cálculos renais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizamos um estudo clínico tipo caso-controle. Os critérios de inclusão foram: indivíduos do sexo masculino com mais de 60 anos de idade, com antecedente de cólica renal ou diagnóstico incidental de litíase urinária após os 60 anos (grupo caso); no grupo controle foram incluídos pacientes da mesma faixa etária sem antecedente de cólica renal ou diagnóstico incidental de litíase renal. Todos os participantes foram submetidos à anamnese e aqueles selecionados realizaram perfil metabólico para diagnóstico de litíase urinária: dosagem sérica de cálcio total, cálcio ionizado, ácido úrico, fósforo, glicemia, uréia, creatinina e paratormônio (PTH); coleta de urina para urocultura e pH urinário, e amostras de urina de 24 horas para quantificação do volume e dosagem de cálcio, citrato, creatinina, ácido úrico e sódio. Foram também submetidos à radiografia simples de abdome e ultrassonografia do aparelho urinário. Os indivíduos do grupo caso realizaram dois perfis metabólicos completos de urina de 24 horas, enquanto os do grupo controle somente um perfil. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Cento e dez indivíduos foram convocados e, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 70 foram selecionados. Cinquenta e um indivíduos concluíram a investigação clínica, sendo 25 no grupo caso e 26 no controle. Cinquenta e seis por cento dos pacientes do grupo caso apresentaram hipocitratúria comparados a 15,4% do grupo controle (p=0,002). A determinação de sódio em urina de 24 horas também apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre casos e controles: 64% versus 30,8%, respectivamente (p=0,017). Estes resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística univariada e múltipla, respectivamente, e mantiveram seus níveis de significância. CONCLUSÃO: A hipocitratúria e a hipernatriúria são os principais distúrbios metabólicos apresentados por indivíduos idosos do sexo masculino portadores de cálculo urinárioPURPOSES: Rise in life expectancy has caused a global populational ageing and people older than 60-years have increased more than any other age group. The incidence of urinary lithiasis in aging people has increased during the last years, mainly in developed nations. Some aspects concerning organic ageing increase morbidity related to urolithiasis in older individuals making prevention and medical management of urinary stones relevant in this age group. Our objective is to evaluate metabolic parameters in men older than 60 years with urinary stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Inclusion criteria were: men older than 60- years old with renal pain episodes or incidental diagnosis of urinary lithiasis beginning after 60-years old (case arm). Control group was constituted by patients older than 60 years without renal colic past or diagnosis of urolithiasis. Patients were recruited from a database from the Urologic Clinic at University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital. Each individual was submitted to anamnesis and those selected underwent a metabolic evaluation for urinary stones: serum dosages of total and ionized calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, glucose, urea, creatinine and parathyroid hormone (PTH); urine culture and urinary pH. Twenty four hour urine samples were obtained for volume quantification and for calcium, citrate, creatinine, uric acid and sodium dosages. An abdominal x-ray and ultrasonography were performed in all patients. Case arm patients underwent two complete metabolic urinary investigations while control arm individuals to only one. All results were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and ten individuals were called up for initial evaluation and 70 were selected. Fifty-one individuals concluded the whole clinical investigation: 25 in the case arm and 26 in the control arm. Hypocitraturia was present in 56% of case arm patients and 15,4% of the control arm patients (p=0,002). Hypernatriuria in 24-hour urine samples was found in 64% of case arm patients and in 30,8% of control arm patients (p=0,017). These results were submitted to univariate and multiple logistic regressions and maintained their levels of significancy. CONCLUSION: Hypocitraturia and hypernatriuria are the main metabolic disorders among aging men with urolithiasis
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Jeremias, Juliana Toloi [UNESP]. "Relação entre o excesso de bases do alimento e o PH urinário de gatos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89229.
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A composição mineral da dieta influencia as características da urina de gatos, estando envolvida no desenvolvimento e prevenção de urolitíases. O excesso de bases (EB) do alimento possui alta correlação com o pH urinário de gatos. Este pode ser calculado a partir da determinação da composição de macroelementos ou de aminoácidos sulfurados contidos na dieta. Em um primeiro estudo comparou-se fórmulas publicadas para estimar o EB do alimento e o pH urinário de gatos, avaliando a influência do enxofre e dos aminoácidos sulfurados sobre os cálculos, e verificou a relação entre o EB do alimento e parâmetros hemogasométricos. Em outro estudo foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de sais aniônicos acidificantes e de sais catiônicos alcalinizantes em dietas para felinos, com o objetivo de se validar as equações de estimação do pH urinário desenvolvidas no estudo anterior, demonstrar a eficácia desses sais, bem como verificar possíveis perturbações no equilíbrio ácido-básico dos animais decorrentes destas modificações na composição da dieta. Os gatos permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas durante sete dias de adaptação à dieta, seguidos por três dias de coleta total de urina. Durante a coleta, a urina produzida em cada período de 24 horas teve aferida seu volume, densidade e pH. O equilíbrio ácido-básico foi estudado pela hemogasometria de sangue venoso. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às 8:00hs (antes do fornecimento do alimento) e 6 horas depois do fornecimento, após 10 dias de adaptação ao alimento. No primeiro estudo o pH urinário variou entre 5,83±0,09 e 7,74±0,13. O EBS entre –185 e 309 mEq/kg MS e EBaa entre -49 e 377 mEq/kg MS. A diferença média de -115 mEq/kg entre EBS e EBaa foi observada. O pH urinário apresentou alta correlação com o EBS (r=0,95; p<0.0001) e EBaa (r=0,86; p<0.0001)...
Food mineral composition influences the characteristics of cat’s urine and is involved in the development and prevention of urolithiasis. Food base excess (BE) has a high correlation with cat urinary pH. BE can be calculated utilizing only macroelements or using sulfur amino acids (methionine and cistine) instead of total sulfur. In the first chapter compared published formulas to estimate food BE and urinary pH of cats, evaluated the influence of total sulfur and sulfur amino acids on BE calculations, and verified the relationship between food BE with cat blood gases analysis. In other chapter, effects of acidifying and alkalizing additives on cats food were evaluated, so that: 1. the urinary pH prediction equations developed on chapter 2 could be validated, 2. mineral salt efficacy could be demonstrated, 3. potential acid base alterations caused by the additives used on the cat’s food could be verified. Cats were housed in metabolic cages and fed during a seven days adaptation phase followed by three days of total urine collection. Urine was collected in plastic bottles conserved in ice under the cage funnel. Each 24-h of produced urine were pooled by cat and analyzed for density, volume and pH. Cat’s acidbasic status was studied by blood gas analysis of venous blood. Blood samples were collected at 8:00h (pre feeding) and 6 hours after meal, after 10-days of food adaptation. In the first chapter pH of cats varied in the interval of 5.83±0.13 (mean±SD) and 7.74±0.12. Food BEs varied between –185 and 309 mmol/kg DM, and food BEaa between -49 and 377 mmol/kg DM. A mean difference of -115 mmol/kg between EB1 and EB2 was observed Urine pH has high correlations with food BEs (r=0.95; p<0.0001) and BEaa (r=0.86; p<0.0001). In the second chapter Alkalizing additives: urinary pH of cats varied in the interval of 5,60±0,07 a 6,15±0,06 (p<0,0005)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Patanita, Francisco Manuel Cardoso. "Patologia e clínica das espécies pecuárias." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30132.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a descrição das atividades desenvolvidas durante o estágio curricular no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária pela Universidade de Évora. Numa primeira parte é apresentada a casuística acompanhada ao longo do estágio, com referência pormenorizada a alguns casos clínicos, nas diversas áreas de intervenção da clínica em espécies pecuárias. A segunda parte deste relatório é composta por uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema “urolitíase em ruminantes”. Na terceira e última parte serão apresentados três casos clínicos acompanhados no decorrer do estágio. Será feita uma discussão onde são relatados os procedimentos cirúrgicos e terapêuticas médicas efetuadas com a devida crítica e possíveis melhorias; Pathology and Clinic of Livestock Species
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The present report aims to describe the activities developed during the curricular traineeship as part of the Integrated Master’s Degree in Veterinary Medicine, in Évora University. The first part includes the casuistry that took place along the externship, giving emphasis to some of the clinical cases assessed in different livestock species clinical areas. The second part of this report consists of a brief literature review on the topic "urolithiasis in ruminants". In the third and final part, three clinical cases followed during the externship will be approached and described. A discussion will be made where the surgical procedures and medical therapies performed are reported, with due criticism and possible improvements.
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Šaumanaitė, Kristina. "Šunų šlapimo takų akmenligė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_135351-49449.
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Santrauka
Tyrimas atliktas Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitete, šio tyrimo duomenys surinkti iš veterinarijos klinikos „Veterinarinės Medicinos Centras“, 2011 – 2013 metų laikotarpiu. Darbo apimtis 30 puslapių, kuriuose yra 1 lentelė ir 10 diagramų.
Darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti šunų susirgimo šlapimo takų akmenlige 2011 – 2013 metais sergamumą. Tiriamojo darbo uždaviniai buvo suformuluoti norint nustatyti šlapimo takų akmenligės pasireiškimo dažnumą, priklausomai nuo kitų urogenitalinės sistemos sutrikimo atvejų; kokių tipų akmenys ir/ar kristalai buvo nustatyti tyrimo eigoje, bei susidariusių susirgimų priklausomybę nuo amžiaus, lyties bei veislės.
Išanalizavus 138 ligos istorijas susijusias su urogenitalinės sistemos problemomis, buvo nustatyti 47 (34,058%) šlapimo takų akmenligės atvejai. Visi sergantieji buvo išskirstyti į keletą skirtingų grupių, remiantis trimis pagrindiniais skirtumais: lytis, amžius ir veislė. Grupės skirstomos: I) pagal lytį, patelės (n=21) ir patinėliai (n=26); II) pagal amžių, buvo sudarytos keturios grupės: nuo 0 iki 3 metų (n=12), nuo 4 iki 6 metų (n=17), nuo 7 iki 10 metų (n=17) ir virš 11 metų (n=1); III) pagal veislę, buvo išskirstyta į dvi pagrindines grupes 1) grynakraujai (n=38), 22 skirtingos veislės ir 2) mišrūnai šunys (n=9).
Apibendrinus tyrimo metu gautus rezultatus buvo padaryta išvada, kad šlapimo takų akmenligė pasireiškė 34,058% pacientams, iš visų susirgimų šlapimo sistemos ligomis. Iš visų tiriamųjų gausiausiai sirgo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Summury The study was fufilled at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , the study material collected from the veterinary clinic „Veterinarės Medicinos Centras“, time period of 2011 – 2013 years. Thesis volume of 30 pages, containing 1 table and 10 figure. The aim was to examine the canine urolithiasis morbidity in 2011 - 2013 years . Research work tasks have been formulated to identify urinary tract stones , depending on the frequency of occurrence of other urogenital system disruptions , what types of stones and/or crystals have been identified during the course of the study , and the resulting onset of age, sex and breed. An analysis of 138 case histories associated with urogenital problems were identified 47 ( 34,058%) of urolithiasis cases . All the patients were broken down into several different groups based on the three main differences: gender , age and breed . Sets are : I) according to gender, females ( n = 21 ) and males ( n = 26 ), II ) according to age, was formed four groups : 0 to 3 years ( n = 12) from 4 to 6 years of age ( n = 17 ) , from 7 to 10 years ( n = 17 ) and over 11 years ( n = 1 ) and III) according to the breed was split into two main groups 1 ) pure breed ( n = 38 ) , 22 different varieties and 2 ) mixed breed dogs ( n = 9). Summarizing the research results , it was concluded that urolithiasis patients experienced 34,058 % of all patients with urinary system diseases. Among the most heavily suffered from 80.851 % pure breed dogs ( p < 0.001 )... [to full text]
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Nogueira, Sandra Prudente [UNESP]. "Relação entre o excesso de bases da dieta, sua manipulação mediante adição de cátions e anions e o pH urinário e equilíbrio ácido-básico de cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89210.
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A composição de macroelementos da dieta influencia o equilíbrio ácido básico e as características da urina de cães, contribuindo tanto para o desenvolvimento como prevenção de urolitíases. O experimento 1 teve por objetivo comparar fórmulas para estimar o excesso de bases (EB) do alimento, avaliando a influência do enxofre e dos aminoácidos sulfurados sobre estes cálculos e o equilíbrio ácido-basico de cães. O segundo e terceiro estudo objetivaram avaliar, respectivamente, os efeitos da adição de sal catiônico (citrato de potássio em duas doses, 150mEq/kg e 300mEq/kg de dieta) e compostos aniônicos (hexametafosfato de sódio, metionina e sulfato de amônio, em duas doses cada um, -150mEq/kg e -300mEq/kg) em dietas para cães. Os cães permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas durante cinco dias de adaptação à dieta, seguidos por três dias de coleta de urina total. Durante a coleta, a urina produzida em cada período de 24 horas teve seu volume, densidade e pH aferidos. O equilíbrio ácido-básico foi estudado por hemogasometria de sangue venoso, em amostras coletadas às 8:00hs (antes do fornecimento do alimento) e 15hs (6 horas após alimentação). O primeiro experimento incluiu nove alimentos comerciais e nove cães, em um delineamento quadrado latino 9x9. O pH urinário variou entre 6,47±0,23 a 7,77±0,16, o EB entre 75 e 765 mEq/kg MS. Foi observada diferença média de -57 mEq/kg entre o EB calculado com enxofre (EBs) e o EB calculado com aminoácidos sulfurados, sendo o primeiro melhor estimativa do EB do alimento. O pH urinário apresentou alta correlação com o EBS (r=0,98; p<0,001). No segundo experimento houve aumento linear do pH urinário mediante adição de citrato de potássio (p<0,05), elevando-se o pH urinário de 5,97±0,19 (controle) a 7,11±0,11 (300mEq citrato de potássio/kg; p<0,001). No terceiro experimento foi verificada redução do pH urinário...
Food mineral composition influences the acid-basic balance and characteristics of dogs’ urine, contributing for both development and prevention of urolithiasis. The first experiment compared formulas to estimate food base excess (BE), evaluating the influence of total sulfur and sulfur amino acids on these calculations and acid-basic balance of dogs. The second and third experiments evaluated, respectively, the effects of addition of a cationic salt (potassium citrate in two doses, 150mEq/kg and 300mEq/kg of diet) and anionic compounds (sodium hexametaphosphate, methionine and ammonium sulphate, also in two doses, - 150mEq/kg and -300mEq/kg) in diets for dogs. Dogs were kept in metabolic cages for five days of adaptation phase to the diet, followed by three days of total urine collection. During collection, each 24 hours of produced urine were analyzed for density, volume and pH. Acid-basic balance was appraised by blood gas analysis of venous blood, in samples collected at 8:00h (before food consumption) and 15:00h (6 hours after meal). First experiment included nine commercial diets and nine dogs, in a Latin Square 9x9 design. The urinary pH varied between 6.47±0.23 to 7.77±0.16, BE between 75 and 765mEq/kg. A mean difference of -57mEq/kg was observed between BE calculations with sulfur (BEs) and BE calculations with sulfur amino acids, being the first formula a better tool to estimate food BE. The urinary pH presented high correlation with BEs (r=0.98; p<0.001). In second experiment was verified a linear increase of urinary pH by addition of potassium citrate (p<0.05), increasing the urinary pH from 5.97±0.19 (control) to 7.11±0.11 (300mEq potassium citrate/kg; p<0.001). In third experiment a reduction of urinary pH from 6.81±0.10 (control) to 5.45±0.23 (-300mEq/kg of ammonium sulphate; p<0.0001) was observed. Ammonium sulphate and methionine were effective in acidifying urine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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MORAIS, Múcio Veloso de. "Estudo clínico-epidemiológico da urolitíase obstrutiva em caprinos e ovinos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5796.
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The present work aimed to conduct a study of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data of 62 sheep and goats from 2001 up to 2011. During this period, it was found that the disease was predominant in sheep with 83.7% of the animals, while for the caprine, it occurred in 16.3%. The most predominant races in sheep were the Santa Ines, in ovine with 71.7% and SRD, in caprine, with 33.33%. There was a predominance in animals less than three years old. In both species, the highest occurrence was found in the dry season with 67.9%. Most animals (75.8%) were kept under intensive farming, with a diet based on concentrate and forage (88.7%) and 85.5% received mineral supplementation. The predominant clinical signs were apathy, pain, dehydration, conjunctive hyperemic mucosa, tachycardia, tachypnea, anorexia, dysuria and anuria. The mortality rate was very high with 40.3% of the animals dying and 16.1% being sacrificed. In the haemogram, leukocytosis was observed with regenerative deviation to the left in goats, and hyperfibrinogenemia. In serum biochemistry, increased urea and creatinine was found which led the animals to a perspective of azotenia and increase of GGT and CK enzymes. The serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, were beyond the normal patterns for the species with low Ca and high P and Mg levels. The findings of urinalysis revealed hematuria in 72.2% of animals with acid pH of urine (44.4%) as well as alkaline (55.56%). In the sedimentoscopy, erythrocytes predominated in 66.6% of the samples, epithelial cells in 66.6% of the samples and crystals of various compositions. Regarding the composition of urolites, it was found that 62.5% was oxalate, 8.32% phosphate and 8.33% penicillin. In the conclusion of this study, it was observed that the obstructive urolithiasis is a disease of poor prognosis and can lead to loss of valuable livestock animals, and therefore, serious losses in production.
Considerando-se a importância clínica e econômica da urolitíase obstrutiva para a produção de pequenos ruminantes, objetivou-se desenvolver um estudo dessa enfermidade em caprinos e ovinos. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados dos prontuários de 62 animais atendidos no período de 2001 a 2011, considerando-se variáveis epidemiológicas, clínicas, urinálise, hemograma, funções hepática, renal e muscular, glicose, perfil sérico de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio, além da análise da composição química dos urólitos, compondo o estudo descritivo. A urolitíase obstrutiva observada em 5,1% dos animais estudados. A espécie ovina foi a mais acometida, assim como as raças Santa Inês e Dorper. A maior ocorrência da doença se deu em animais com menos de três anos, no período seco, criados sob regime intensivo, cuja dieta era a base de concentrados (ad libitum) e forragem. Dos acometidos 43,6% receberam alta, 40,3% foram a óbito e 16,1% foram eutanaziados. Dentre os achados clínicos mais frequentes observou-se alterações da micção; desidratação; congestão das mucosas conjuntivas; sinais de dor; diminuição ou ausência de motilidade ruminal; taquicardia; alterações do comportamento e do apetite e; taquipnéia. Nos exames laboratoriais observou-se leucocitose com desvio à esquerda regenerativo nos caprinos, hiperfibrinogemia, valores da creatinina e da uréia elevados, enzimas GGT e CK também elevadas, hiperglicemia e, níveis de Ca, P e Mg desbalanceados. A urina apresentou-se turva, com hematúria, proteinúria, acidúria e alcalinúria, além de baixa densidade. No tocante a sedimentoscopia observou-se o aumento de hemácias e leucócitos, células do epitélio uretral e renal, além de bactérias. Houve predominância de oxalato na composição dos urólitos, porém 8,33% dos urólitos eram compostos de penicilina. A urolitíase obstrutiva acomete mais animais confinados, alimentados com dietas desbalanceadas a base de concentrado. Os exames laboratoriais mostraram ser importantes para o diagnóstico de urolitíase obstrutiva.
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Jeremias, Juliana Toloi. "Relação entre o excesso de bases do alimento e o PH urinário de gatos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89229.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Aulus Cavalieri CarciofiBanca: José Jurandir Fagliari
Banca: Arquivaldo Reche Júnior
Resumo: A composição mineral da dieta influencia as características da urina de gatos, estando envolvida no desenvolvimento e prevenção de urolitíases. O excesso de bases (EB) do alimento possui alta correlação com o pH urinário de gatos. Este pode ser calculado a partir da determinação da composição de macroelementos ou de aminoácidos sulfurados contidos na dieta. Em um primeiro estudo comparou-se fórmulas publicadas para estimar o EB do alimento e o pH urinário de gatos, avaliando a influência do enxofre e dos aminoácidos sulfurados sobre os cálculos, e verificou a relação entre o EB do alimento e parâmetros hemogasométricos. Em outro estudo foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de sais aniônicos acidificantes e de sais catiônicos alcalinizantes em dietas para felinos, com o objetivo de se validar as equações de estimação do pH urinário desenvolvidas no estudo anterior, demonstrar a eficácia desses sais, bem como verificar possíveis perturbações no equilíbrio ácido-básico dos animais decorrentes destas modificações na composição da dieta. Os gatos permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas durante sete dias de adaptação à dieta, seguidos por três dias de coleta total de urina. Durante a coleta, a urina produzida em cada período de 24 horas teve aferida seu volume, densidade e pH. O equilíbrio ácido-básico foi estudado pela hemogasometria de sangue venoso. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às 8:00hs (antes do fornecimento do alimento) e 6 horas depois do fornecimento, após 10 dias de adaptação ao alimento. No primeiro estudo o pH urinário variou entre 5,83±0,09 e 7,74±0,13. O EBS entre -185 e 309 mEq/kg MS e EBaa entre -49 e 377 mEq/kg MS. A diferença média de -115 mEq/kg entre EBS e EBaa foi observada. O pH urinário apresentou alta correlação com o EBS (r=0,95; p<0.0001) e EBaa (r=0,86; p<0.0001)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Food mineral composition influences the characteristics of cat's urine and is involved in the development and prevention of urolithiasis. Food base excess (BE) has a high correlation with cat urinary pH. BE can be calculated utilizing only macroelements or using sulfur amino acids (methionine and cistine) instead of total sulfur. In the first chapter compared published formulas to estimate food BE and urinary pH of cats, evaluated the influence of total sulfur and sulfur amino acids on BE calculations, and verified the relationship between food BE with cat blood gases analysis. In other chapter, effects of acidifying and alkalizing additives on cats food were evaluated, so that: 1. the urinary pH prediction equations developed on chapter 2 could be validated, 2. mineral salt efficacy could be demonstrated, 3. potential acid base alterations caused by the additives used on the cat's food could be verified. Cats were housed in metabolic cages and fed during a seven days adaptation phase followed by three days of total urine collection. Urine was collected in plastic bottles conserved in ice under the cage funnel. Each 24-h of produced urine were pooled by cat and analyzed for density, volume and pH. Cat's acidbasic status was studied by blood gas analysis of venous blood. Blood samples were collected at 8:00h (pre feeding) and 6 hours after meal, after 10-days of food adaptation. In the first chapter pH of cats varied in the interval of 5.83±0.13 (mean±SD) and 7.74±0.12. Food BEs varied between -185 and 309 mmol/kg DM, and food BEaa between -49 and 377 mmol/kg DM. A mean difference of -115 mmol/kg between EB1 and EB2 was observed Urine pH has high correlations with food BEs (r=0.95; p<0.0001) and BEaa (r=0.86; p<0.0001). In the second chapter Alkalizing additives: urinary pH of cats varied in the interval of 5,60±0,07 a 6,15±0,06 (p<0,0005)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Nogueira, Sandra Prudente. "Relação entre o excesso de bases da dieta, sua manipulação mediante adição de cátions e anions e o pH urinário e equilíbrio ácido-básico de cães /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89210.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Aulus Cavalieri CarciofiBanca: Aureo Evangelista Santana
Banca: Márcia Mery Kogika
Resumo: A composição de macroelementos da dieta influencia o equilíbrio ácido básico e as características da urina de cães, contribuindo tanto para o desenvolvimento como prevenção de urolitíases. O experimento 1 teve por objetivo comparar fórmulas para estimar o excesso de bases (EB) do alimento, avaliando a influência do enxofre e dos aminoácidos sulfurados sobre estes cálculos e o equilíbrio ácido-basico de cães. O segundo e terceiro estudo objetivaram avaliar, respectivamente, os efeitos da adição de sal catiônico (citrato de potássio em duas doses, 150mEq/kg e 300mEq/kg de dieta) e compostos aniônicos (hexametafosfato de sódio, metionina e sulfato de amônio, em duas doses cada um, -150mEq/kg e -300mEq/kg) em dietas para cães. Os cães permaneceram em gaiolas metabólicas durante cinco dias de adaptação à dieta, seguidos por três dias de coleta de urina total. Durante a coleta, a urina produzida em cada período de 24 horas teve seu volume, densidade e pH aferidos. O equilíbrio ácido-básico foi estudado por hemogasometria de sangue venoso, em amostras coletadas às 8:00hs (antes do fornecimento do alimento) e 15hs (6 horas após alimentação). O primeiro experimento incluiu nove alimentos comerciais e nove cães, em um delineamento quadrado latino 9x9. O pH urinário variou entre 6,47±0,23 a 7,77±0,16, o EB entre 75 e 765 mEq/kg MS. Foi observada diferença média de -57 mEq/kg entre o EB calculado com enxofre (EBs) e o EB calculado com aminoácidos sulfurados, sendo o primeiro melhor estimativa do EB do alimento. O pH urinário apresentou alta correlação com o EBS (r=0,98; p<0,001). No segundo experimento houve aumento linear do pH urinário mediante adição de citrato de potássio (p<0,05), elevando-se o pH urinário de 5,97±0,19 (controle) a 7,11±0,11 (300mEq citrato de potássio/kg; p<0,001). No terceiro experimento foi verificada redução do pH urinário... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Food mineral composition influences the acid-basic balance and characteristics of dogs' urine, contributing for both development and prevention of urolithiasis. The first experiment compared formulas to estimate food base excess (BE), evaluating the influence of total sulfur and sulfur amino acids on these calculations and acid-basic balance of dogs. The second and third experiments evaluated, respectively, the effects of addition of a cationic salt (potassium citrate in two doses, 150mEq/kg and 300mEq/kg of diet) and anionic compounds (sodium hexametaphosphate, methionine and ammonium sulphate, also in two doses, - 150mEq/kg and -300mEq/kg) in diets for dogs. Dogs were kept in metabolic cages for five days of adaptation phase to the diet, followed by three days of total urine collection. During collection, each 24 hours of produced urine were analyzed for density, volume and pH. Acid-basic balance was appraised by blood gas analysis of venous blood, in samples collected at 8:00h (before food consumption) and 15:00h (6 hours after meal). First experiment included nine commercial diets and nine dogs, in a Latin Square 9x9 design. The urinary pH varied between 6.47±0.23 to 7.77±0.16, BE between 75 and 765mEq/kg. A mean difference of -57mEq/kg was observed between BE calculations with sulfur (BEs) and BE calculations with sulfur amino acids, being the first formula a better tool to estimate food BE. The urinary pH presented high correlation with BEs (r=0.98; p<0.001). In second experiment was verified a linear increase of urinary pH by addition of potassium citrate (p<0.05), increasing the urinary pH from 5.97±0.19 (control) to 7.11±0.11 (300mEq potassium citrate/kg; p<0.001). In third experiment a reduction of urinary pH from 6.81±0.10 (control) to 5.45±0.23 (-300mEq/kg of ammonium sulphate; p<0.0001) was observed. Ammonium sulphate and methionine were effective in acidifying urine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Sebastião, Andreia Sofia Palma. "Clínica e cirurgia em animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21764.
Full textAbstract:
O presente relatório foi elaborado com o objetivo de descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no decorrer do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora. O estágio realizou-se na área da clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia. O relatório subdivide-se em duas componentes, referindo-se primeiramente à casuística observada. A especialidade médica mais estudada foi a gastroenterologia e glândulas anexas e a cirurgia mais vezes assistida foi a ovariohisterectomia. A segunda componente consiste numa revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema da ureterolitíase felina, suplementada por um caso clínico acompanhado.
A ureterolitíase felina ocorre principalmente por formação de cálculos de oxalato de cálcio, em machos castrados com cerca de sete anos de idade. O diagnóstico faz-se particularmente por recurso a meios de diagnóstico imagiológico: radiografia, ecografia e pielografia anterógrada. A intervenção cirúrgica é a forma de tratamento com maior sucesso, especialmente as técnicas minimamente invasivas, como o bypass ureteral subcutâneo; Abstract:
Practice and Surgery in Small Animals
This report regards the activities undertaken during a small animal clinic and surgery traineeship as part of University of Évora’s Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária’s curriculum. The report is subdivided in two components, the first one being focussed in casuistics. The most recurrent medical speciality assisted was gastroenterology and the most common surgical procedure was ovariohysterectomy. The second component is a literature review on feline ureterolithiasis and a description of a clinical case.
The main cause of feline ureterolithiasis is the formation of calcium oxalate calculi on neutered, seven year old male cats. The diagnostic is made mainly through imagiology: abdominal radiographs, ultrasounds and retrograde pyelography. Surgical intervention is the only effective treatment, specially using minimally invasive procedures, such as the use of a Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Device (SUB).
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Hannache, Badreddine. "La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114804/document.
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La lithiase urinaire est une affection très répandue qui touche 4 à 18% de la population selon les pays. Cette pathologie nécessite beaucoup de recherches pluridisciplinaires. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a pour objet de préciser la nature des calculs urinaires de l’Est Algérien et d’étudier ensuite le rôle de certains éléments traces ainsi que l’effet de quelques extraits de plantes médicinales sur la dissolution des calculs urinaires. Les techniques utilisées sont principalement les suivantes : la spectrophotométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer la composition chimique des calculs, la fluorescence X afin de déterminer la nature et la teneur des éléments traces et la microscopie électronique à balayage pour explorer la structure intime des cristallites à l’échelle mésoscopique. D’autres méthodes comme la microscopie optique ont été utilisées pour faire l’analyse morphoconstitutionnelle des calculs. Enfin, un modèle expérimental in vitro a été développé pour étudier l’effet des plantes médicinales. Bien que le nombre de calculs urinaires considérés soit faible, l’épidémiologie de la lithiase dans cette région de l’Algérie a été esquissée. Les calculs d’oxalate de calcium deviennent prépondérants en raison d’un changement des habitudes alimentaires avec toutefois une persistance des calculs d’origine infectieuse que l’infection soit urinaire ou digestive. Les données recueillies sur la distribution des éléments traces ne soulignent pas leur rôle catalytique mais sont en faveur d’un simple processus d’adsorption. Aucun des extraits de plantes testés, tous issus de la pharmacopée algérienne, n’a eu d’effet tangible pour dissoudre les calculs urinairesUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones
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Gonçalves, Marcos Vinicius Colaço. "Caracterização de cálculos urinários humanos inteiros de rim e bexiga usando difração de raios X e microtomografia computadorizada." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8016.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA urolitíase é um problema de escala mundial, que ocorre em todas as regiões, culturas e grupos raciais. A incidência desta doença vem aumentando ao redor do mundo e dados mostram que no Brasil estima-se que são afetados 5% da população com uma taxa de recorrência de 2,5%. Conhecer a composição mineral e estrutura interna dos cálculos é um passo importante para tentar entender melhor a fisiopatologia desta doença. Quatro cálculos urinários infecciosos, íntegros de grande volume (diâmetro maior que 20 mm), sendo dois provenientes da bexiga e dois de rins, obtidos cirurgicamente no setor de urologia do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE/UERJ) foram analisados usando microtomografia (μCT) e difração de raios X por policristais (DRXP). As imagens microtomográficas foram obtidas usando tubo de raios X microfoco na estação TomoLab e radiação síncrotron (SR-μCT) na linha de Física Médica, ambos no Laboratório Síncrotron Elettra, Trieste, Itália. As medidas de DRXP foram realizadas na linha de Difração de Raios X do Laboratório Nacional de luz Síncrotron, Campinas, Brasil. Para os cálculos de bexiga foram encontradas quatro fases cristalinas: estruvita (STV), oxalato mono (COM) e dihidratado (COD) e hidroxiapatita (HAp). Nos cálculos renais foram encontrados STV e HAp, sendo predominante a primeira fase cristalina. A quantidade de material amorfo (não-cristalino) foi maior que 60% da composição das amostras. A técnica convencional utilizada foi eficaz para análise dos cálculos urinários inteiros e possibilitou a visualização de estruturas internas sem interferência de procedimentos prévios de preparação da amostra. As análises de DRXP com fonte síncrotron aliadas ao método Rietveld foram determinantes para identificação e quantificação dos minerais presentes nas varias camadas das amostras. Pode-se constatar a complementaridade entre a μCT e a DRXP para caracterização microestrutural e mineralógica de cálculos urinários humanos.
Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem that afflicts all regions, cultures and ethnics groups. The incidence is increasing around the world and related data about Brazil estimate that affect 5% population with 2.5% recurrence rate. Knowledge of the quantitative mineralogy of urinary calculi is of fundamental importance for optimization of nephrolithiasis therapy and to prevent potential risk of recurrence. The urinary stones used in the present study were made available to us via normal surgery from patients admitted to the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE/UERJ). Structural and microstructural characterizations of four urinary calculi samples (RJ100, RJ101, RJ102 e RJ104) were determined by means of X-ray microtomography and powder diffraction. Conventional (μCT) and synchrotron radiation microtomography (SR-μCT) experiments were performed at the TOMOLAB station and SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation on MEdical Physics) beamline, both at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory in Trieste (Italy), respectively. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data were collected at the X-ray powder diffraction beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) in Campinas, Brazil. For the bladder stones, RJ100 and RJ104, the identified phases were struvite (STV), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD) and calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp). The kidney stones RJ101 and RJ102 can be considered pure struvite stones. Moreover, the Rietveld refinement indicates the presence of more than 60 wt% of amorphous phase of all samples. The use of μCT scanning technology not only improves knowledge of internal structures of intact urinary calculi, but also allowed us to investigate efficiently specimens that run a particular risk of deformation or destruction from conventional preparation. Synchrotron X-ray powder profile-fitting structure refinement using the Rietveld method has proved to be a powerful tool in identifying and estimating the quantitative crystalline phase abundances present in the samples. This work demonstrated the capabilities of a combination ofμCT and XRP analyses for structural and microstructural characterizations of human urinary calculi samples. Moreover, the XRD data demonstrate that STV is the major constituent phase in all samples, which seems to be a tendency in Rio de Janeiro population. Clearly, there is a need for more studies on stone disease from Rio de Janeiro in order to isolate the fundamental reasons for the observed features of the kidney stones distribution.
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Emiliani, Sanz Esteban. "Evaluation of holmium: YAG laser settings for the non-contact stone fragmentation technique and the curved laser fiber”." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668071.
Full textAbstract:
La ureteroscopia flexible (fURS) con el laser de Holmio:YAG (Ho:YAG) es uno de los tratamientos estándar para la urolitiasis ya que el Ho:YAG ha demostrado destruir eficientemente cualquier tipo de urolitiasis. Aunque se han descrito diversas técnicas de litotricia, en los últimos años se han añadido nuevos parámetros al Ho:YAG y se han evaluado diferentes métodos de manejo de las fibras laser lo cual pretende mejorar la efectividad de la fURS. Por otro lado, los resultados de la fURS están asociados a limitaciones de la técnica como trabajar en ángulos agudos que pueden llevar a rotura de la fibra láser.
Las técnicas y los parámetros del laser no han sido suficientemente estudiados para tratar ese tipo de casos y hacer la técnica mas segura y efectiva.
El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar la técnica de fragmentación sin contacto (FSC) con una variedad amplia de parámetros del Ho:YAG y tamaños de fibras laser. Asimismo estudiar in-vitro los factores de riesgo de ruptura de la fibra laser al curvarse.
Los experimentos de la FSC se realizaron con 4 piedras artificiales en un tubo de ensayo. Un ureteroscopio, fijo y con flujo constante fue insertado a través de una camisa ureteral al tubo. El laser se fijó a 1 mm de la base del tubo entre las piedras. Una combinación de 0.5-1.5 Julios, 10-20 y 40 Hz y pulso largo y corto fueron evaluados por 2 y 4 minutos, utilizando fibras de 273 and 365 μm. Los experimentos se realizaron 3 veces cada uno. Las piedras analizadas fueron pesadas antes y después del experimento para evaluar la eficiencia de la FSC. Se realizaron un total de 144 experimentos. La media de peso de las piedras por cada tubo fue de 0.23g y tras los experimentos una diferencia media de 0.7 gr (0.01-0.243). Escogiendo una reducción del 50% peso como corte para calificar la técnica de efectiva los valores predictivos que promovían una técnica adecuada fueron: El pulso largo (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.05 – 7.15), Tiempo de 4 min (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 3.88 – 33.29), Fibra de 273μm (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.08 – 0.70), y alta energía (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.20).
Con respecto a la evaluación de la curvatura de la fibra, se utilizaron fibras de 272 y 365m, dobladas a 9, 12, 15, 18 y 20mm de diámetro. Se evaluaron parámetros de fragmentación y pulverización laser a 7.5 Vatios. El láser fue activado por 5 minutos repitiendo los experimentos 10 veces.
Como resultado se vio que utilizando parámetros de pulverización ambos tamaños de fibra se rompían solo al curvarse 9 mm (p<0.05). Utilizando parámetros de fragmentación las fibras se rompían mas, al estar curvadas 12mm para fibras de 272m y 15mm para fibras de 365m (p=0,007 and 0,033 respectivamente). El pulso corto y la alta energía fueron factores de riesgo significativos para romper fibras de 365m (p=0,02) pero no de 272m (p=0,35). La frecuencia (Hz) no fue un factor de riesgo significativo para la rotura. Hubo una tendencia a una mayor rotura de fibras de 365m comparada con las fibras de 272m no siendo significativa (p>0,05). Concluimos que las fibras de 272m eran mas resistentes ya que requieren una curvatura aguda (<9mm) para su rotura. También se evidenció que la utilización de parámetros de pulverización reduce el riesgo de rotura comparado con parámetros de fragmentación.Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) with Holmium: YAG laser (Ho:YAG) is one of the standard procedures for renal urolithiasis as Ho:YAG has shown to efficiently fragment urinary stones of any composition. Several techniques of laser lithotripsy have been described although new laser parameters have been added to the Ho:YAG in recent years and studies on laser fiber handling have provided new recommendations to improve performance. Regarding fURS, treatment outcomes are associated with technical limitations of fURS when working in acute angle calices and Ho:YAG fiber breakages can be associated with costly repairs. The techniques and laser parameters for treating such difficult cases have not been widely described. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the non contact “pop-corn” (PC) technique with a wide range of Ho:YAG settings and fiber sizes as to evaluate the risk factors for fiber fracture while curved in systematic in-vitro assessments. The evaluations for the PC were done with 4 artificial stones in a Vacutaner. A fix ureteroscope was inserted trough a ureteral access sheath allowing constant irrigation flow. The laser was placed at 1 mm from the bottom of the Vacutaner within the stones. The combination of 0.5-1.5 Joules, 10-20 and 40Hz and long and short pulse were tested for 2 and 4 minutes. 273 and 365 μm laser fibers were used. All tests were repeated 3 times. The stones were weighed before and after the experiments to evaluate the setting efficiency. Significant predictors for a highly efficient technique were assessed. A total of 144 experiments were conducted. Stone groups had a consistent weight: mean of 0.23g. After the experiment median weight difference was 0.7 gr (0.01-0.243). Choosing a cumulative percentage of 50% of the stones volume reduction as the cut-off level the significant predictors for high efficiency PC technique were the use of long pulse (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.05 – 7.15), longer time (4 min) (OR = 11.4, 95% CI 3.88 – 33.29), small (273μm) laser fiber (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.08 – 0.70), and higher power (watt) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.20). We concluded that higher energy (>1.5 J), longer pulse, higher frequency of (20Hz),longer time, and small laser fiber are predictors for high efficient PC technique. As for the curved fiber evaluations, 272m and 365m fibers were employed. Five different fiber curve diameters were tested: 9, 12, 15, 18 and 20mm. Fragmentation and dusting settings were used at 7.5W. The laser was activated for 5 minutes. Each experiment was repeated 10 times. We found that with dusting settings, fibers broke more frequently at a curved diameter of 9mm f or both 272m and 365m fibers (p=0,037 and 0,006 respectively). Using fragmentation setting, fibers broke more frequently at 12mm for 272m and 15mm for 365m (p=0,007 and 0,033 respectively). Short-pulse and high energy were significant risk factors of fiber fracture for the 365m fibers (p=0,02), but not for the 272m fibers (p=0,35). Frequency was not a risk factor for fiber rupture. Fiber diameters also seemed to be involved in the failure with a higher number of broken fibers for the 365m fibers but no significant differences were found comparing to the 272m fibers (p>0,05). We concluded that small fibers are more resistant than large ones as lower bending diameters (<9mm) are required to break small fibers. In acute angles the use small-diameter fibers, at a low energy and long-pulse (dusting setting) may reduce the likelihood of fiber rupture.
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Sozinho, Ana Catarina de Campos Figueiredo. "Frequência da infeção bacteriana do trato urinário inferior como causa de obstrução uretral felina : estudo retrospetivo de 60 casos clínicos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17335.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA obstrução uretral (OU) é uma emergência comum em clínica de pequenos animais, afetando essencialmente gatos jovens e do sexo masculino. Existem diversas etiologias que podem causar um processo obstrutivo, como cistite idiopática felina (CIF), plugs uretrais, urólitos e infeção do trato urinário (ITU), sendo esta última frequentemente reportada como aquela menos frequente. Uma terapêutica inapropriada com antibióticos em casos clínicos de OU que não se deva a ITU pode prejudicar a saúde do doente e contribuir para o aumento de resistências antimicrobianas. O presente estudo pretende estudar a frequência de ITU em processos obstrutivos; caracterizar uma amostra da população de 60 animais da espécie Felis catus com obstrução uretral, obtida retrospetivamente através do programa informático utilizado no Hospital Veterinário da Associação Zoófila Portuguesa; analisar a apresentação clínica dos doentes e os resultados dos exames laboratoriais e imagiológicos realizados, a utilização de antibioterapia empírica bem como de parâmetros relacionados com o período após hospitalização. Constatou-se que todos os animais eram do sexo masculino e que a moda de idades foi de 2 anos de idade. A maioria dos felídeos era orquiectomizado (80,4%) e 70% dos casos foram recebidos por primeiro episódio obstrutivo. O sinal clínico mais frequente foi anúria. Verificou-se que a ITU foi a etiologia menos frequente (3,3%; 2/60) de obstrução uretral, embora o resultado não tenha sido estatisticamente significativo. A urocultura é o exame laboratorial que permite, com maior grau de certeza, o diagnóstico de ITU. Onze dos 60 animais apresentaram um resultado positivo relativamente a este exame, mas em apenas 6 se identificou bacteriúria na análise do sedimento urinário. Escherichia coli foi o microrganismo mais frequentemente isolado. Foi administrada antibioterapia empírica a 69,1% da amostra (38/55) embora apenas 9 destes doentes possuíssem, realmente, um resultado de urocultura positivo, o que reforça a necessidade de consciencialização do uso inapropriado de antimicrobianos.
ABSTRACT - FREQUENCY OF INFERIOR URINARY TRACT BACTERIAL INFECTION AS CAUSE OF FELINE URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION – RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 60 CLINICAL CASES - Urethral obstruction (UO) is a common emergency in small animal practice, affecting mostly young male cats. There are various etiologies that can cause an obstructive process, like feline interstitial cystitis (FIC), urethral plugs, uroliths and urinary tract infection (UTI). The latter is often reported like the less frequent. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy from clinical cases of UO, not associated to UTI, contribute to increase antimicrobial resistance and can even harm the patient’s health. The present study intends to study the frequency of UTI in obstructive processes; characterize a sample of the population of 60 animals of the species Felis catus with urethral obstruction obtained, retrospectively, through the computer program used by the Veterinary Hospital of Associação Zoófila Portuguesa; analyze the clinical presentation of the patients, laboratory and imaging tests, use of empiric antibiotic therapy and description of parameters related to the period after hospitalization. It was found that all the animals were males and that the mode of ages was 2 years old. Most patients were orchiectomized (80,4%) and 70% did not had any previous obstructive episode. The clinical sign most frequent related to the urinary tract was anuria. UTI was the least frequent etiology (2/60) of urethral obstruction, although the result was not statistically significant. The urine culture is the laboratory test that allows, with a greater degree of certainty, the diagnosis of UTI. Eleven of 60 animals presented a positive result to this test but only 6 of these had bacteriuria in urinary sediment analysis. Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolated microorganism. Empiric antibiotic therapy was administered to 69,1% (38/55) of the patients although only 9 of these had indeed a positive urine culture result, which reinforces the need for awareness of the inappropriate use of antimicrobials.
N/A
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Langer, Doreen Elke. "Harnwegsinfektionen bei der Urolithiasis (eine retrospektive Analyse des Patientengutes der Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Urologie der Medizinischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg der Jahre 1988 bis 1992 und 1996)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964403692.
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MACIEL, Thiago Arcoverde. "Avaliação dos efeitos da vitamina c em ovinos submetidos à dieta calculogênica." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6805.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Urolithiasis is a metabolic disease of complex and multifactorial etiology, characterized by uroliths formation in the urinary system. It becomes clinically important when obstruction occurs, with little chance of reversal, and prevention is the best option for maintaining the integrity of the reproductive capacity. For this, one must know the biochemical profile of animals and fix the possible factors that may be related to the formation of uroliths. Morphometric study in turn, enables the comparative observation and description of changes and can therefore be used as a method of diagnostic. Urinary acidification is cited as an efficient alternative for the prevention, so vitamin C was used. In this study, 20 healthy sheep, male (not neutered), Santa Ines breed, aged approximately 90 days, were divided into three groups (G1 n=7 - calculogenic diet without vitamin C, G2 n=7 - calculogenic diet with vitamin C and G3 n=6 - control). To analyze the biochemical profiles groups 1 and 2 were compared and the morphometric analysis the three groups were compared. Animals were examined weekly, allowing direct observation of clinical signs, such as prostration/restlessness, penile exposure, abdomen kicking, urethral process congestion, among others. Analysis of biochemical profiles of urine and serum revealed hyperproteinemia (8.99g/dL) and proteinuria (43.82g/dL) in 57.14% aciduria (G1) and 71.43% (G2) and the presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes, bacteria and sperm to the urinary sediment. There was an important increase of phosphorus and magnesium e there was a substantial decrease of calcium which was present in 50% of uroliths samples analyzed. At the end of the experimental time animals were slaughtered and necropsy of them was followed by morphometry of the organs of the urinary system. Necrosis of urethral process and bladder with extensive bleeding area were observed during the necropsy procedure. The width of the kidneys and ureters were higher in G2, which may have contributed to lower retention of uroliths on this site.
Urolitíase é uma doença metabólica de etiologia complexa e multifatorial, caracterizada pela formação de urólitos no sistema urinário. Torna-se clinicamente importante quando ocorre obstrução, havendo poucas chances de reversão do quadro, sendo a prevenção a melhor opção para manutenção da capacidade reprodutiva. Para isso, deve-se conhecer o perfil bioquímico dos animais e corrigir os possíveis fatores que estão relacionados à formação dos urólitos. O estudo morfométrico por sua vez, possibilita a observação comparativa e descrição de alterações podendo ser empregado como método de auxílio diagnóstico. A acidificação urinária é citada como alternativa eficiente para a prevenção, por isso a vitamina C foi utilizada. Nesse estudo foram utilizados 20 ovinos hígidos, da raça Santa Inês, machos (não castrados), com idade aproximada de 90 dias, distribuídos em três grupos (G1 n=7 – dieta calculogênica sem vitamina C, G2 n=7 – dieta calculogênica com vitamina C e G3 n=6 – controle). Para análise dos perfis bioquímicos foram confrontados os grupos 1 e 2, e para a morfometria foram comparados os três grupos. Os animais foram examinados semanalmente, permitindo a imediata observação dos sinais clínicos, como prostração/inquietação, exposição peniana, escoiceamento do abdômen, congestão de processo uretral. A bioquímica sérica e urinária revelou hiperproteinemia (8,99g/dL) e proteinúria (4,38g/dL), acidúria em 57,14% (G1) e 71,43% (G2) e presença de hemácias, leucócitos, bactérias e espermatozóides ao exame do sedimento urinário. Houve elevação expressiva do fósforo e do magnésio e diminuição substancial do cálcio que esteve presente em 50% das amostras de urólitos analisadas. Ao término do experimento foi realizado o abate e necropsia dos animais seguindo-se a morfometria dos órgãos do sistema urinário. Necrose de processo uretral e bexiga repleta com extensa área de hemorragia foram observados durante necropsia. Os rins e ureteres apresentaram valores morfométricos distintos entre os grupos, sendo maiores no G2, o que pode ter contribuído para uma menor retenção de cálculos neste local.
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Ariza, Paula Costa. "Composição de urólitos vesicais de cães determinada por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS) e análise química." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4646.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Urolithiasis is frequently and recurrently observerd on dogs.. Uroliths are crystalline concretions that form in the lumen of the urinary tract due to urine oversaturation by minerals. They may lead to serious consequences, such as obstruction of the urinary flow. An efficient treatment depends on the compositional analysis of the uroliths This study aimed to evaluate the composition of dog’s urinary calculi in the city of Goiânia, by using chemical analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy – EDS. Comparisons between the composition found and individual and clinical characteristics of the patients were made, as well as comparisons between both techniques. Analysis were held on 55 surgical removed uroliths fom the bladder of dogs. Struvite was present in 51 of the uroliths (15 isolatedly), calcium phosphate in 32 (always associated to struvite), calcium oxalate in five (two isolatedly), urate in five (two isolatedly) and silica was present in four (none of the uroliths was composed only by silica). The most common combination of compounds was that of struvite and calcium phosphate. EDS permitted both the evaluation of the different regions of the uroliths and the microscopical observation of the sample structure, but didn’t allow the correct identification of the urate. The association between both techniques was efficient on evaluating the calculi composition.
A urolitíase acomete frequentemente e de maneira recorrente os cães. Os urólitos são concreções cristalinas que se formam no lúmen do trato urinário devido à supersaturação da urina por minerais. Podem levar a graves consequências, como a obstrução do fluxo urinário. O tratamento eficaz depende da análise adequada da composição dos urólitos presentes. Com o presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a composição de cálculos urinários de cães atendidos no Município de Goiânia, fazendo uso de análise química por meio o uso de reagentes comerciais e da espectroscopia de energia dispersiva – EDS, de modo a estabelecer a relação entre a composição dos urólitos e características individuais e clínicas dos animais, bem como a comparação entre ambas as técnicas. Foram analisados 55 urólitos cirurgicamente removidos da vesícula urinária de cães. Dos cálculos analisados, 51 apresentaram estruvita (15 de maneira isolada), 32 fosfato de cálcio (todos associados à estruvita), cinco oxalato de cálcio (dois apenas com esse mineral), cinco urato (dois apenas com esse mineral) e quatro sílica (nenhum apresentava sílica isoladamente em sua composição). A combinação mais comum foi a de estruvita com fosfato de cálcio. O EDS permitiu a avaliação da composição das diferentes regiões dos cálculos de maneira independente, bem como a análise microscópica da estrutura do mesmo, mas não possibilitou a identificação específica do urato. Desse modo a sua associação à técnica química a torna uma técnica eficiente para a análise dos urólitos.
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Chen, Wen-Chi, and 陳汶吉. "Mechanisms of Biomineralization and Genetics in Urolithiasis." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35140912295943478600.
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博士國立清華大學
生命科學系
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Urolithiasis is a complex genetic traits disease that the formation is regarded as a process of biomineralization. The exact mechanism of the stone formation is still unclear. However, biomolecules are proposed to play a role in the biomineralization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of stone formation through biochemistry and molecular genetics. Effects of nephrocalcin, Tamm-Horsfall protein, and albumin on calcium oxalate crystallization were tested through crystal nucleation, crystal growth, and crystal aggregation which were determined by spectrophotometry. Albumin and Tamm-Horsfall proteins exerted a promoting effect of nucleation in this study. Inhibitory effects of these proteins on crystal growth and crystal aggregation were found in this study. Nephrocalcin showed an inhibitory effect on the crystal growth but lost its effect when nephrocalcin was fragmented into two short peptides by the interaction with added ascorbic acid and copper ions in the solution. Being able to promote the nucleation of calcium oxalate crystal and then reduce the concentration of calcium and oxalate ions, Tamm-Horsfall protein and albumin showed an overall effect of inhibition in the calcium oxalate crystallization. Nephrocalcin is also an inhibitor in the crystallization of calcium oxalate. The influence of ascorbic acid and copper ions in calcium oxalate stone formation should be further studied clinically. Genetic polymorphisms were used in the identification of associated genes with complex disease. To our knowledge, fewer studies were done on the urolithiasis. Case-control studies comparing the allele frequencies of candidate genes between affected individuals and unaffected individuals were performed. Vitamin D receptor gene (start codon and intron 8), calcitonin receptor gene (the 1377th nucleotide), p21 gene (codon 31), osteocalcin gene, interleukin 1β gene (start codon and intorn 5), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (intron 2), androgen receptor gene (CAG repeats), and estrogen receptor gene (TA repeats) polymorphisms were tested for the association with urolithiasis. Polymerase chain reaction based restriction analyses were used for the association study. The results indicated that vitamin D receptor gene, calcitonin receptor gene, p21 gene, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene, and androgen receptor gene (only for male patients) polymorphisms are associated with urolithiasis. The odds ratios for the risk of disease were 1.672, 5.634, 1.39, 6.041, and 0.328 (for low risk), respectively. No statistically significant difference were found in vitamin D receptor gene intron 8, osteocalcin, interleukin 1β gene start codon and intorn 5, and androgen receptor gene (for female patients) polymorphisms. Although positive association does not necessarily imply carrying the genes will develop clinical disease, it worth to be further studied for the interaction of genes and some risk factors. Documenting gene-environmental interactions may identify groups at highest risk for the stone formation. In conclusion, it is helpful to understand the candidate genes through studies of genetic polymorphisms. Studies effects of proteins on crystallizations are also helpful to understand the inhibitor roles of nephrocalcin, Tamm-Horsfall protein and albumin. The approach through biochemistry and molecular genetics can get further information on the biomineralized processes of urolithiasis.
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Wu, San-Yuan, and 吳三源. "Mining of Potential Chinese Medicines for Urolithiasis." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79350187882806204591.
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