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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ursinia'
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1
Swelankomo, Nonkululeko. "Molecular phylogeny, radiation patterns and evolution of life-history traits in Ursinia (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1793.
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Thesis (MSc (Botany and Zoology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Sequence data from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to study the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Ursinia Gaertn. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) in the southern African region. Closely related genera, i.e. Cotula L., Osteospermum L. and Agoseris Raf., were used as outgroups. The study also included maximum parsimony and principal component analyses. The taxa within the genus Ursinia had previously been classified into two subgenera, Ursinia and Sphenogyne R.Br., mainly on the basis of distinct cypsela characters. The maximum parsimony, principal component and the phylogenetic analyses revealed two subgenera, corresponding to the existing subgeneric classification. Principal component analysis shows that the pappus, the number of pappus bristles and the colour of the cypsela are the most informative characters. However, the low number of phylogenetically informative characters of the ITS sequences, the poor resolution in the consensus tree, and low branch support values indicate that the ITS data contain weak phylogenetic signals. The low bootstrap values for many nodes suggest that one should be cautious in using the ITS region alone to make final conclusions about the origin and evolution of taxa. In maximum parsimony analysis, the RI, CI and bootstrap values are low; principal component analysis values are also low. Furthermore, there is a lack of resolution in subgenus Sphenogyne. In the literature, Ursinia is divided into seven series but they were not retrieved as monophyletic in this study, probably because of short branch lengths in the phylogeny. Further molecular data are therefore required to be able to support or reject the present classification. Maximum parsimony, principal component and molecular analyses show that U. trifida f. calva Prassler and U. trifida (Thunb.) N.E.Br. f. trifida are not sister taxa, supporting the recognition of these two taxa as separate species. The Ursinia taxa from the summer-rainfall region are not monophyletic and are sister to a clade of Cape species. This supports a hypothesis that Ursinia migrated from the Cape into the Drakensberg which has been shown for a number of other Cape groups that have Drakensberg relatives.
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Baron, Jean-Pierre. "Démographie et dynamique d'une population française de Vipera ursinii ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835)." Paris, EPHE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPHE3010.
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Le régime de la Vipère d'Orsini au Mont-Ventoux est pour plus de 99% constitué d'orthoptères. La taille minimale des orthoptères consommés est la même pour toutes les vipères. La période d'alimentation s'étend de la fin-juin à la fin-septembre pour tous les individus. Les immatures n'entrent en activité qu'au début de la période d'alimentation, leur période annuelle d'activité s'étend sur 3,5 mois contre 5 et 6 mois respectivement chez les femelles et les mâles adultes. Les repas sont fréquents et petits. Les femelles se nourrissent pendant la gestation. Les femelles adultes survivent mieux que les mâles. Le taux annuel de survie des immatures est élevé, du même ordre que celui des adultes. Chez les femelles, la reproduction est le plus souvent biennale ; la probabilité de survie ne dépend pas de l'état reproducteur, au contraire de la probabilité de capture. Les prises alimentaires des femelles gestantes sont souvent mises à profit pour reconstituer, au moins partiellement, les réserves consommées pour la vitellogénèse. Le nombre d'oeufs est fortement lié à la taille des femelles et la fécondité moyenne, corrigée de cette dépendance, varie significativement d'une année à l'autre sans que cela traduise une variabilité de la condition corporelle moyenne à l'ovulation. Le succès reproducteur est élevé. La masse des nouveau-nés est liée à la taille maternelle et à l'effectif de la portée, mais pas à la masse relative de la portée. Les vipères sont très sédentaires. L'espace vital individuel des adultes, estimé sur des périodes de 2 à 9 ans, couvre au plus quelques milliers de mètres carrés, sans différence significative entre sexes. Les femelles gestantes, très thermophiles, se déplacent très peu. Les immatures se dispersent dans le milieu sur de faibles distances. Il ne semble pas y avoir de tendance à l'émigration. Le taux d'accroissement de la population, calculé à partir de 6 estimations d'effectifs, indique un déclin significatif de la population. Une analyse de viabilité a mis en évidence une probabilité d'extinction sur 40 ans d'environ 60%. Le taux d'accroissement est beaucoup plus sensible aux probabilités de survie qu'aux fécondités. Le temps nécessaire pour recouvrer l'effectif de 1985 à partir de celui de 1993 dépend largement de la survie adulte et des variations annuelles de la fécondité.
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Smedley, Todd Matthew. "The covenant theology of Zacharias Ursinus." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2012. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-covenant-theology-of-zacharias-ursinus(1dce61f1-ef90-40ff-b69b-065fd520ccf5).html.
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This thesis provides an analysis of the covenant thought of Zacharias Ursinus (1534- 1583) who further advanced the idea of a bi-covenantal scheme in the development of covenant theology in the sixteenth century and seeks to demonstrate how such advancement did not diminish the gratuitous nature of the gospel. Understood within the larger framework of his theological system it becomes evident that his original foedus naturale did not arise out of an overly speculative scholastic methodology. Instead, it served as the corollary of the foedus gratiae he inherited from his Reformed predecessors. An analysis of his teaching on the natural law, the law-gospel dichotomy, the federal headship of Adam and Christ and the imputation of Christ’s righteousness for Adam’s disobedience reveals how the foedus naturale emerged organically from his convictions on these heads of doctrine. The methodology is both systematic and historical. It begins with a study of his theological development as examined in the context of his life and written works followed by a review of the contributions of previous secondary literature that exists on this subject. Both the doctrine of God and the doctrine of the knowledge of God are analyzed as they provide insight into his theological methodology showing it to be biblical rather than philosophically speculative. The heart of the thesis is a close examination of the foedus gratiae and the foedus naturale which demonstrates how the two complement each other and how they relate to other theological distinctives within his thought. The study concludes by showing how his doctrine of justification, namely double imputation, lays the basis for the formulation of his pioneering idea of a foedus naturale.
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Napier, James Alexander. "Variation and adaptation in Allium ursinum L." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242062.
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Oechsle, Ursina [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Spindler. "Untersuchung der Nukleation an Wärmeübertrageroberflächen in einem Eisspeicher / Ursina Oechsle ; Betreuer: Klaus Spindler." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216107378/34.
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EcheverriÌa-Lozano, Guillermina. "Conflict management in wild chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414832.
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Skerratt, Lee Francis. "Sarcoptic mange in the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800)." Connect to thesis, 2001. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000709.
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Keller, Oliver. "Paracotalpa ursina species complex revealed: the true biodiversity of the California bear scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10966.
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Rahikainen, Marjatta. "N.R. af Ursin aatelismies Suomen työvänliikkeessä /." Helsinki : Suomen historiallinen seura, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414438916.
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Sanfelice, Daniela. "Ontogenia craniana comparada de Arctocephalus australis, Callorhinus ursinus e Otaria byronia (Otariidae: Pinnipedia)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15623.
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The search for mechanisms that can generate major morphological changes has led to the study of ontogeny, in part because some kinds of modifications of ontogenies seem an excelent way to generate major phenotypic change. We focus here on Arctocephlaus australis, Callorhinus ursinus and Otaria byronia with the aim of contributing to the understanding of the origin, structure and temporal patterns of otarid morphological diversity. The pattern of change in shape during postnatal development in otarid skull was studied and described by geometric and traditional morphometrics. Our aims are: to compare the skull ontogeny of the species invocated in identifying and in describing shape alterations in the skull; to evaluate and to describe comparatively the sexual dimorphism and disparity during the ontogeny; to study the covariance between size and shape in relationship with age-groups; to investigate the changes in the ontogeny and their relationships with the evolution of the Otariidae Family; to analyze the conservation of ontogenetic trajectories over time, between sexes and among species; to characterize growth trajectories and to compare them among taxa with respect to isometry; to describe the parameters of growth and development of the focused species and to compare the two different approaches employed. Using traditional morphometrics, the allometry vectors for all species were significantly different from isometry. Dimorphism in the allometric vector is observed only in O. byonia and the difference between males and females of the fur seals are related with adult body size. The comparisons species/sex groups revealed similar vectors (any significant shape disassociation are verified in the inter-specific analyzes), suggesting lower plasticity of the ontogenies. Using geometrical methods, the dimorphism is more conspicuous in adult shapes but this is not true for the level of disparity between sexes of O. byronia. Although that dimorphism is linked with size this is not only a question of scaling or allometry (which is present in the morphogenesis of all species, especially in O. byronia). Additionally, the slopes of changes in shape related with size increase are different in A. australis and O. byronia, but are equal in C. ursinus, which is the smaller species. We suggest post-displacement as one of the factors that could have acted in the origin of the sexual dimorphism in the skull of C. ursinus. Heterochrony, perhaps is present in the roots of the modifications suffered by the ontogeny of A. australis and O. byronia too, considering the differences in the rates of development between the sexes of both species (and overall in O. byronia), but surely repatterning allometric is involved too in these cases. We verified that ontogenies can not be summarized by a single linear vector in any analyzed group, where C. ursinus ontogeny is the more linear and O. byronia the more multi-dimensional species among the 3 that we had examined. Shape changes in the otarids studied here are more related with size than with age and any of the species share a common growth allometry or a common ontogenetic trajectory/pattern. In the same way, shapes at onset or offset are not the same in any case. When the three species are pooled together, initial shapes are always very different among the species and the distances between shapes increase with time almost independently from size. On the other hand, when the complete samples are considered, all the ontogenetic trajectories are significantly different in the directions of the allometric vectors during ontogeny. Ontogenetic trajectories differ significantly among almost all the pairs compared, except for the trajectories of A. australis and C. ursinus males. They are no more different than expected by chance considering the range of angles within each sample. A similar pattern is found when the subadults are compared between pairs of species and when we compare adult males of A. australis with adult males of O. byronia. The juveniles are no more different than expected by chance (correlation between ontogenies in that phase is equal to one), excepti between C. ursinus and O. byronia. The ontogenetic trajectory of C. ursinus is the shorter and of O. byronia is the longer being almost three times longer than the former. A. australis has an intermediary length of ontogenetic trajectory. For the sample comprising all three species disparity increase significantly over ontogeny since the disparity of the adults is near the two times of the disparity between juveniles. For any ontogenetic stage, O. byronia is the species that contributes for the disparity of the all group, followed by C. ursinus. When we consider the three species together, the pattern of disparity do not change a lot during ontogeny. Ontogenies examined herein are clearly not constrained and perhaps the differences in patterns have additive effects in the differentiation of the ontogenies. Whether ontogenetic trajectories are linear or curve could be a function of developmental timing or more specifically it could depend on the age at which allometries stabilize in post-natal ontogenies. Otherwise, the amount of differences between species in the ontogenies is in agreement with the phylogenetic relationships. Finally, we addressed basically the following questions: Is onset time the same in the species? Is offset time the same in these species? Does growth rate differ between the species. The answer to those questions could be summarized by the conclusion. but we conclude that the changes in otarids skull ontogenies had occurred in spatial and temporal terms.
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De-Raad, Anne Louise. "Travel routes and spatial abilities in wild Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3554/.
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The primary objective of this research was to give insight into the spatial cognitive abilities of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and to address the question whether chacma baboons internally represent spatial information of large-scale space in the form of a so-called topological map or a Euclidean map. Navigating the environment using a topological map envisions that animals acquire, remember and integrate a set of interconnected pathways or route segments that are linked by frequently used landmarks or nodes, at which animals make travel decisions. When animals navigate using a Euclidean map, animals encode information in the form of true angles and distances in order to compute novel routes or shortcuts to reach out of view goals. Although findings of repeatedly used travel routes are generally considered evidence that animals possess topological-based spatial awareness, it is not necessarily evidence that they navigate (solely) using a topological map or lack complete Euclidean spatial representation. Therefore, three predictions from the hypothesised use of a topological map and Euclidean map were tested to distinguish between them. It was investigated whether there was a difference in travel linearity between the core area and the periphery of the home range, whether travel goals were approached from all directions or from one (or a few) distinct directions using the same approach routes and lastly, whether there was a difference between the initial leaving direction from a travel goal and the general direction towards the next goal. Data were collected during a 19-month period (04/2007-11/2008) at Lajuma research centre in the Soutpansberg (Limpopo Province, South Africa). A group of baboons were followed from their morning sleeping site to their evening sleeping site for 234 days, during which location records, behavioural data and important resource data were recorded. A statistical procedure termed the change-point test (CPT) was employed to identify locations at which baboons started orienting towards a goal and baboons showed goal-directed travel towards identified travel goals. Subsequently, hotspot analysis was employed to delineate clusters of such change-points, termed ‘decision hotspots’. Decision hotspots coincided with highly valuable resources, towards which baboons showed significantly faster travel. It thus seemed that they ‘knew’ when they were nearing their goals and adapted their speed accordingly. Decision hotspots were also located at navigational landmarks that delineated a network of repeatedly used travel routes characteristic of a topological map. Therewith, this method reveals an important utility to the study of decision-making by allowing a range of sites to be selected for detailed observations, which were previously limited to sleeping sites or ‘stop’ sites, which would be impossible if the decision hotspots had not been previously identified. Furthermore, baboons travelled as efficiently in the periphery as in the core area of their home range, which was suggested to be more consistent with Euclidean spatial awareness. However, comparatively low travel linearity throughout the home range revealed it is more likely that the baboons accumulated a similar knowledge of the periphery as of the core area, which allowed them to navigate with a similar efficiently through both areas. The mountainous terrain at the study site provided ample prominent landmarks to aid the baboons in navigation and allowed baboons to initiate navigation to a travel goal with the same direction as when they reached that goal. Baboons did not approach travel goals from all directions, but instead they approached their goals from the same direction(s). In conclusion, the findings of this research are more consistent with the use of a topological spatial representation of large scale space, where landmarks aid baboons to navigate efficiently through large scale space. A review of the literature shows that until date, evidence for the existence of Euclidean spatial representation in both animals and humans is extremely limited and often unconvincing. It is likely that a high level of experimental control is necessary to unambiguously demonstrate the existence of Euclidean spatial awareness in the future.
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Foley, Megan. "Evidence of Intermittent Residency in the Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus)." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/448.
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This study found evidence of intermittent, multi-year residency periods in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) using stable isotope ratios in vibrissae and canine teeth. Northern fur seals migrate from the Bering Sea during summer months to lower latitudes and slightly warmer waters of the northeastern Pacific Ocean and California Current in the winter. To determine the length of time spent away from the Bering Sea, growth rate was estimated using the covarying oscillations δ13C and δ15N, estimated to be 0.09 mm/day. The δ13C and δ15N in vibrissae from 30 male fur seals showed a minimum of 13 separate periods of stable covariance covering 3.25+ cm, indicating at least 1 year in warmer, less productive waters of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The vibrissae isotope ratios were used in conjunction with δ18O from tooth dentin growth layer groups of 20 male northern fur seals; they showed significant enrichment in δ18O in 50% of the animals at age 1-2 years, which indicates extended periods of time spent in lower latitudes in the North Pacific Ocean as δ18O is typically enriched in warmer, less productive waters. Significant changes in δ18O were found to be ~ 0.2‰ enrichment per 10º south latitude, while longitude was found to have 0.2‰ enrichment per 50˚ East longitude. These data show that latitudinal changes, those related to the southerly migration from the Bering Sea to the northeastern Pacific Ocean, are a stronger factor in the shifts in dentinal δ18O than longitudinal shifts. These intermittent periods of occupation are important when estimating population abundance of northern fur seals, especially pups and juveniles.
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Sabha, Dina Talat Tawfiq. "Pharmaceutical and chemical analysis of the components carrying the antiplatelet activity of extracts from allium ursinum and allium sativum." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-81820.
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Allium sativum has a long tradition in medicine. While much is known about its potential healthy effects, nearly nothing is known about wild garlic (allium sativum, ramson), which is very common in the area of Leipzig and has been used as a herbal remedy since centuries. The goal of the present study was to assess a potential anti-platelet activity of these two allium species and to try to identify the chemical active principle. For that purpose various extracts (hydrophilic and lipophilic) were prepared from Allium sativum and Allium ursinum, and analysed using thin layer chromatography and HPLC. After identifying an active, i.e. antiaggregatory extract (see below), this was fractionated and the active fraction was further sub-fractionated for subsequent chemical analysis by mass spectroscopy, ESI (Electrospray ionization), and COSY (Correlation effect spectroscopy), and functional testing. Anti-platelet activity was assessed in human platelets (platelet rich plasma) using a classical turbidimetric method. Platelets were stimulated with various agonists (arachidonic acid, ADP, epinephrine, collagen, A23187) with and without the addition of the extracts or the fractions /sub-fractions.
Both Allium Ursinum and Allium sativum extracts exert antiaggregatory effects with EC50 values around 0.1 mg/ml. The garlic extracts are acting by inhibition of the ADP pathway comparable as known from the clinically used drug clopidegrol.The pharmacological active antiaggregatory component of the extracts appears to be lipophilic rather than hydrophilic. This is the first report on an antiplatelet activity of Allium Ursinum. One final structure determined by HPLC, MS, ESI and COSY which exerts the antiplatelets inhibitory effect is β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside of the fraction 7-14 crystals. It is considered that about three up to five grams of dried leaves might be enough to exert antiaggregatory effects (comment: in pharmacy normally dried plant material is used in therapy). The second compound with antiaggregatory activity was identified as 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate.
The problem of loosing the active volatile oily components by drying the leaves in future studies looking for the clinical use may be solved by looking for a raw or a refined extract which would be the form of a real phytomedical drug; for example capsules about 120 to 200 micrograms of an alcoholic or better an heptane / oily extract gained from wood garlic leaves would be an useful drug formulation to reach respective concentrations in blood. However, we have to admit that since our investigations were in-vitro, the in-vivo situation is somewhat different due to the metabolism, which is nearly unknown. Nevertheless, this study shows for the first time that allium ursinum does exert anti-platelet activity and that both allium species can unfold antiaggregatory effects which are worth to be investigated in subsequent in-vivo studies. β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and 1-β-D-galactopyranoside-2, 3-bis-linolenic glycerate could be identified as active antiaggregatory principals.
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Cazalas, Sébastien. ""Viriliter age" : éloquence, éthique et politique dans la France des Valois : les épîtres de Jean Juvénal des Ursins (1388-1473)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20112.
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Spectateur meurtri par les événements dramatiques de son temps, les atrocités insupportables, la guerre franco-anglaise, la désorganisation et l’état de déréliction morale du royaume, Jean Juvénal des Ursins (1388-1473) entreprend un long dialogue avec le roi et avec la France. Fort de son éminente et double autorité d’évêque et de juriste, ses discours et écrits politiques constituent une tentative d’avertir Charles VII, puis Louis XI, des carences et des erreurs de leur gouvernement. Au-delà du commentaire de l’actualité du temps ou de l’histoire des relations entre les rois de France et d’Angleterre, c’est un puissant engagement moral qui s’affirme, enraciné dans une conception claire du monde et des devoirs du prince. Pour pousser celui-ci à l’action et le convaincre de la nécessité d’une reformation du royaume, le propos s’organise pour gagner en efficacité argumentative et en force de persuasion. La parénèse suppose le recours aux citations d’autorité mais passe également par l’écriture allégorique et les dispositifs fictionnels. Ceux-ci accueillent une grande variété de traditions appartenant à la littérature, à l’éloquence, ou à des formes d’écriture savante (épopée, motif courtois, apologue animalier, prophétie, généalogie et plaidoyer, etc.). Le souci d’une mise en scène des mœurs oratoires y est particulièrement remarquable : l’évêque se présente, inséparable de sa famille, de diverses manières, afin de lester son autorité de l’ethos du prophète ou de travailler à l’affirmation d’une nouvelle noblesse, héritière de la vieille chevalerie féodale, les gens de robe, les juristes rompus au droit romain et les agents du roi. La présente étude se propose d’attirer l’attention sur cet écrivain de talent, trop longtemps négligé par la critique littéraire. Il s’agit de lui rendre sa place parmi les écrivains politiques qui s’affirment de plus en plus dans le contexte tardo-médiéval. Après une étude des usages particuliers que Jean Juvénal des Ursins propose de l’épître (sources, travail de la citation et de la langue), seront envisagées tour à tour la construction éthique et la réflexion économique puis enfin l’articulation entre la pensée politique et sa mise en fictionSpectator bruised by the dramatic events of his time, the unbearable atrocities, the Anglo-French War, disorganization and moral dereliction state of the kingdom, Jean Juvénal des Ursins (1388-1473) begins a long dialogue with the king and with France. With its outstanding authority of both bishop and lawyer, his speeches and political writings are an attempt to warn Charles VII and Louis XI about deficiencies and mistakes of their government. Beyond the comments of the current events or the history of relations between the kings of France and England, it is a powerful moral commitment which asserts itself, rooted in a clear conception of the world and duties of the prince. To urge him to act and convince him of the necessity of a reformation of the kingdom, the purpose is organized to gain efficiency and argumentative persuasiveness. The exhortation supposes the use of citations of authority and passes also by the allegorical writing and fictional devices. They host a wide variety of traditions belonging to literature, eloquence, or to forms of scholarly writing (the epic, courtly love, animal fable, prophecy, genealogy and advocacy, etc.). Concern for staging the mores oratoris is particularly remarkable: the bishop appears, inseparable from his family, in various ways, to strengthen his authority by the ethos of the prophet and to work on affirmation of a new kind of nobility, heir to the old feudal chivalry, administrators, lawyers experienced in Roman law and the agents of the king. This study aims to draw attention to this talented writer, too long neglected by literary criticism. It is a question of returning him his place among the political writers who assert themselves more and more in the late-medieval context. After a study of specific uses that Jean Juvénal des Ursins features of the epistle (sources, work on citations and language) will be considered in turn the ethical construction and economic thinking and finally the relationship between the political thought and fiction
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West, Matt (Matthew Roger) 1974. "The oestrous cycle and manipulation of reproduction in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus)." Monash University, Institute of Reproduction and Development, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8143.
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Fang, Ying. "Historical population genetics of Callorhinus ursinus (Northern fur seals) from the Aleutian Islands." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-2/fangy/yingfang.pdf.
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Devas, Frederic Seymour. "The influence of social relationships on foraging success in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284056.
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Alena, Tomšik. "Sušenje i ekstrakcija lista sremuša (Allium ursinum L.) u cilju dobijanja funkcionalnih proizvoda sa bioaktivnim potencijalom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107458&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je bio odrediti niz tehnoloških postupaka koji bi omogućili iskorišćenje sremuša u prehrambene i farmaceutske svrhe u svežem ili suvom stanju, kao biljne droge za pripremu različitih formi ekstrakata bogatih bioaktivnim jedinjenjima izolovanih iz njega.List sremuša bere se u vrlo kratkom vremenskom periodu tokom proleća, a nakon branja njegovi listovi vrlo brzo venu i gube svoja senzorna, nutritivna i funkcionalna svojstva, zbog čega je dostupnost ove biljne sirovine vremenski vrlo ograničena. Zbog toga su ispitani uslovi skladištenja svežeg lista sremuša kako bi se sagledala trajnost sremuša za konzumiranje u svežem stanju, ali i mogućnost primene skladištenog sremuša za ekstrakciju bioaktivnih jedinjenja. Za dobijanje osušenog lista sremuša ispitan je uticaj različitih tehnika sušenja (konvektivno i vakuumsko sušenje) i temperature sušenja (40, 50, 60 i 70 °C) na sadržaj bioaktivnih komponenti u osušenom proizvodu. Primenom odgovarajuće tehnike sušenja, povećava se stabilnost i dostupnost listova sremuša za potrebe prehrambene i farmaceutske industrije. Primenom savremenih ekstrakcionih tehnika kao što je ekstrakcije superkritičnim ugljen-dioksidom, ekstrakcije subkritičnom vodom i ultrazvučne ekstrakcije, ispitan je uticaj procesnih parametara različitih ekstrakcionih tehnika, poput ultrazvučne ekstrakcije (temperatura, vreme ekstrakcije, snaga ultrazvuka, uticaj rastvarača) i ekstrakcije subkritičnom vodom (temperatura, vreme ekstrakcije, dodatak modifikatora), superkritične ekstrakcije ugljen-dioksidom (pritisak i temperatura), dok je maceracija kao konvencionalna tehnika ekstrakcije primenjena za poređenje efikasnosti modernih ekstrakcionih postupaka. U dobijenim ekstraktima ispitan je sadržaj polifenolnih komponenti, antioksidantna aktivnost i sadržaj sumpornih jedinjenja u cilju optimizacije ekstrakcionih parametara i radi utvrđivanja uslova ekstrakcije pri kojima se postiže najveći kvalitet ekstrakata u pogledu sadržaja ciljanih bioaktivnih komponenti. Za odabrane ekstrakte ispitan je antimikrobni potencijal na različite Gram pozitivne i Gram negativne bakterijske sojeve. Za dobijanje stabilnijih formi odabranih ekstrakata primenjena je enkpasulacija spray drying i spray congeling tehnikom. Enkapsuliranim ekstraktima su određene fizičko-hemijske osobine (hemijski sastav, sadržaj vlage, higroskopnost, moć rehidratacije, WAI i WSI) i biološka aktivnost (antimikrobna i antioksidativna aktivnost).The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine various technological procedures that would enable the use of fresh and dryed wild garlic leaves in foods and pharmaceutical industry, as a herbal drug or nutraceuticals.The availability period of fresh wild garlic is very short and only during the spring season. After harvest, the leaves are quite perishable, wither very quickly and lose their sensory, nutritive and functional properties. This makes the availability time of this herbal raw material very limited. Therefore, the conditions for storing the fresh leaves of wild garlic and the influences of storing conditions on composition of bioactive compounds were examined in order to extend their use in fresh state. In order to obtain dry herbal drug for extraction, influence of various drying techniques (convection and vacuum drying) and drying temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70 °C) were examinated. The stability and availability of wild garlic in food and pharmaceutical industries was extended by drying. The influence of process parameters of different modern extraction techniques - ultrasonic extraction (temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, solvent effect) and subcritical water extraction , extraction time, modifier addition), supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (pressure and temperature) - was examined, while maceration (as a conventional extraction technique) was used to evaluate the efficiency of modern extraction methods. The obtained extracts were analysed in terms of the polyphenolic content, the antioxidant activity and the content of sulfur compounds in order to optimize the extraction parameters and determine the extraction conditions for achieving the highest quality of extracts in terms of the content of the target bioactive components. Antimicrobial potential for different Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains was tested for selectedextracts. To obtain more stable forms of selected extracts encapsulation techniques - spray drying and spray congeling - were applied. Encapsulated extracts were evaluated in terms of physico-chemical properties (chemical composition, moisture content, hygroscopicity, rehydration power, WAI and WSI) and biological activity (antimicrobial and antioxidant activity).
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Pereira, Maria Isabel Ribeiro. "Tuberculosis infection in captive sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) : a pilot study on diagnostic strategies." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13053.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaTuberculosis (TB) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in both domestic and wild animals, and in humans, remaining a major global public health issue, especially in developing countries as India, the one with the highest TB burden in the world. Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rescued sloth bears represents a typical case of spillover infection resulting from a prolonged and close cohabitation with infected humans, after being forcibly and illegally poached from the wild as cubs and trained to behave as entertainers in the streets of India. The stress, traumas and hardship that the animals endure, also play a role in the development of the disease, as their immune system is usually compromised. As in the case of many other wild species, there is critical lack of accredited tests for TB screening in sloth bears. This way, it is of major importance to identify the diagnostic assays that have the highest sensitivity and specificity, in order to achieve a reliable diagnosis and implement a standard methodology. Various diagnostic methods were used to examine 15 presumable positive animals at Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, in the Karnataka state, India, and their sensitivity was calculated, based on the results. M. tuberculosis infection was strongly suspected ante-mortem, based on the animals’ background as “dancing bears” and the revelation of several positive diagnostic results during their lives. Fourteen out of these 15 bears died between 2008 and 2013 and their death certificate reported post-mortem tuberculosis confirmation. Considering the previous statement, it was not possible to calculate the specificity and, thus, obtain a global and underlying insight about the tests in question. Post-mortem methods present, in general, the highest sensitivity results. According to this study, the ante-mortem methods with the most promising results were the ones belonging to the indirect assay category, which are based upon the animal’s immune response (both cellular and humoral) instead of the organism detection (as in culture, PCR and microscopy). A sensitivity increment was achieved when two or three tests from the three major test categories (direct, indirect based on cellular immunity and indirect based on humoral immunity) were used in parallel testing. The highest sensitivity achieved by multiple testing (93.3%) was the same for both double and triple parallel combinations, showing, in this case, no advantages in using combinations of three tests, instead of two, in terms of sensitivity increment.
RESUMO - Infeção por tuberculose em ursos-beiçudos (Melursus ursinus) em cativeiro - Um estudo piloto em estratégias diagnósticas - A Tuberculose (TB) provoca significativos índices de morbilidade e mortalidade em animais domésticos e selvagens, e em seres humanos, representando um considerável problema de saúde pública, sobretudo em países em vias de desenvolvimento, como a Índia, neste momento aquele com a incidência mais elevada de tuberculose em todo o mundo. A infeção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis em ursos-beiçudos em cativeiro, traduz a típica ocorrência de infeção acidental, resultando da prolongada e próxima co-existência com seres humanos infectados, após serem forçada e ilegalmente capturados do seu habitat natural, enquanto crias, e treinados para se comportarem como animadores nas ruas da Índia. O stress, traumas e adversidades passados por estes animais, são fatores no desenvolvimento desta doença, uma vez que o seu sistema imunitário se encontra normalmente comprometido. Como em muitas outras espécies selvagens, existe uma enorme lacuna no que diz respeito a métodos de testagem de tuberculose em ursos-beiçudos. Deste modo, é da maior importância definir os testes que possuem a sensibilidade e especificidade mais elevadas, potenciando a obtenção de um diagnóstico fiável e de uma metodologia padronizada. Diversos métodos diagnósticos foram aplicados em 15 animais presumivelmente positivos e residentes no Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, em Karnataka, na Índia, e a sua sensibilidade foi calculada, com base nos resultados obtidos. A infeção por M. tuberculosis era fortemente suspeitada ante-mortem, com base na proveniência e passado dos animais como “dancing bears” e em vários resultados diagnósticos positivos durante a sua vida. Catorze destes 15 ursos morreram, entre 2008 e 2013, e o seu relatório de óbito reportou a confirmação post-mortem de tuberculose. Desta forma, não foi possível calcular a sua especificidade e, assim, obter um conhecimento global e aprofundado dos testes em questão. Os testes post-mortem apresentam, em geral, as sensibilidades mais elevadas. Segundo este estudo, os testes ante-mortem com os resultados mais promissores pertencem à categoria de métodos indiretos, baseados na deteção da resposta imunitária do próprio animal (tanto celular como humoral), ao invés da deteção do organismo (como em cultura, PCR e microscopia). Um aumento da sensibilidade foi conseguido quando dois ou três testes das três principais categorias exploratórias específicas (diretos, indiretos baseados em imunidade celular e indiretos baseados em imunidade humoral) foram usados em testagem paralela. A sensibilidade mais elevada obtida por uma combinação de testes (93.3%) foi a mesma para combinações paralelas duplas e tripla, demonstrando, neste caso, que não existem vantagens em combinar três testes, em vez de dois, no que toca ao aumento de sensibilidade.
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Clymer, Gretchen A. "Foraging Responses to Nutritional Pressures in Two Species of Cercopithecines: Macaca mulatta and Papio ursinus." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04282006-000204/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Frank L'Engle Williams, committee chair; Aras Petrulis, Susan McCombie, committee members. Electronic text (69 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 26, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-67).
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Baniel, Alice. "Conflits reproductifs chez un primate social vivant en milieu naturel, le babouin chacma (Papio ursinus)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT112.
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Chez les espèces sociales, les individus des deux sexes peuvent interférer avec la sexualité et les alliances sociales des femelles, ce qui peut influencer les stratégies reproductives des femelles. Un regain d'intérêt récent pour l'action de la sélection sexuelle chez les femelles a mis en évidence que la compétition entre femelles pour monopoliser les ressources reproductives, comme les partenaires sexuels ou les soins aux petits, est prévalente. Cependant, jusqu'à présent, la compétition reproductive entre femelles a reçu peu d'attention chez les espèces polygynes. Nous avons donc étudié les déterminants de la compétition reproductive entre femelles dans une société primate polygyne, dans une population naturelle de babouins chacma, en Namibie. Nos résultats montrent que l'agression est plus intense entre les femelles qui sont en synchronie reproductive et associées à un même mâle, avec qui elles entretiennent des liens sociaux et sexuels préférentiels, et qui est souvent le protecteur et le père de leur petit. De plus, les femelles gestantes et en lactation harcèlent les femelles qui copulent avec leur mâle, probablement afin d'empêcher de nouvelles conceptions avec celui-ci. La compétition pour les soins des mâles semble donc contribuer à façonner les stratégies reproductives des femelles chez les espèces polygynes où ceux-ci apportent d'importants bénéfices aux femelles. Nous avons ensuite étudié les contraintes exercées par les mâles sur la sexualité des femelles. Mâles et femelles ont souvent des optimaux reproductifs divergents, donnant lieu à l'expression d’un conflit sexuel. Chez certaines espèces, les mâles recourent à la coercition sexuelle en agressant les femelles régulièrement afin de les obliger à s'accoupler avec eux-mêmes, ou de les empêcher de s'accoupler avec leur rivaux. Nous avons testé si l'agression dirigée par les mâles vers les femelles a une fonction de coercition sexuelle chez le babouin chacma. Nos résultats indiquent que l'agression des mâles vise en particulier les femelles sexuellement réceptives, augmente le succès d'accouplement immédiat des mâles avec la femelle harcelée et ses chances de la monopoliser lors de l'ovulation, à l'appui de l'hypothèse de coercition. Dans l'ensemble, cette étude permet d'améliorer notre compréhension des déterminants, de l'intensité, et des conséquences évolutives des contraintes sociales qui s'exercent sur la sexualité des femelles dans une société primate polygyne. Elle montre également que les conflits reproductifs jouent un rôle primordial pour structurer les relations entre les femelles d’une part, et entre les sexes d’autre partIn group-living species, individuals of both sexes can interfere with the sexuality and social alliances of females, which may profoundly influence their reproductive strategies. Renewed attention in the operation of sexual selection on females shows that competition among females to secure reproductive resources, such as mates or allomaternal care, is common. However, to date, female reproductive competition has received little attention in polygynous species. In an attempt to fill this gap, we investigated the determinants of female reproductive competition in a polygynous primate society, the chacma baboon, focussing on a wild Namibian population. Our findings highlight that the frequency of aggression is most intense among females who are reproductively synchronous and who share the same male carer of their offspring. Females also harass sexually receptive females who attempt to mate with their offspring’s carer, likely to prevent further conceptions with him. Overall, competition to secure male carers seems to play an important role in shaping female reproductive strategies in polygynous species where males may provide females with important fitness benefits. We then examined constraints exerted by males on female sexuality. Males and females often have diverging reproductive optima, which underpins sexual conflict. In some species, males may use sexual coercion, in the form of repeated aggression before or during female sexual receptivity to induce females into mating or prevent them from mating with rivals. Here, we tested whether male aggression directed at females represents sexual coercion in chacma baboons. In support of the sexual coercion hypothesis, we found that male aggression against females is most intense when females are sexually receptive, increases male mating success with the harassed female on the short-term, and increases his chances to monopolize her around ovulation on the longer-term. Altogether, these results shed light on the determinants, intensity and evolutionary consequences of social constraints exerted on female sexuality in polygynous primates, and highlight that reproductive conflicts play a primary role in structuring female-female and male-female relationships
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McCarter, Jenneca M. "Major histocompatibility complex diversity in an urban Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) population: Implications for conservation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12041.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Since the 15th century, human activity has altered and degraded nearly half of the available land of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa; this has resulted in significant restriction and fragmentation of the historic geographic range of the peninsula's Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) population.
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Diaz, Gomez Mariana. "The cost of energy transformation and digestibility of macronutrients in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56652.
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Bioenergetic studies can quantify the conversion of chemical energy contained in food to biologically useful energy to understand how changes in diet quality and quantity affect overall energy budgets and nutritional status. However, chemical energy is intrinsically linked to the macronutrients contained in food (i.e., lipid and protein) in terms of energetic density and digestive efficiency. For northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) it is unknown how efficiently they transform dietary gross energy to net energy. I fed six trained adult female fur seals eight experimental diets composed of four prey species (capelin, walleye pollock, Pacific herring, and Magister squid), alone or combined. I measured the fur seals’ digestive efficiency for energy and macronutrients across diets. I also investigated the effect of dietary intake on digestive efficiency, and tested the hypothesis that mixed-species diets provide a greater nutritional return than equivalent single-species diets. I quantified net energy uptake by measuring excreta energy loss and measuring heat increment of feeding. My results revealed significant differences between digestive parameters across diets. I found that digestible energy (95.9–96.7%) was negatively affected by both ingested mass and dietary crude protein. Furthermore, urinary energy loss (9.3–26.7%) increased significantly with increases in dietary crude protein. I also found that the heat increment of feeding (4.3–12.4%) increased with decreasing dietary lipid content. Overall, net energy gain (57.9–83.0%) was positively correlated with lipid content. I found that macronutrient digestibility differed across diets and that, overall, lipids were more digestible (96.0–98.4%) than crude proteins (95.7–96.7%). Also, dietary protein influenced the ability of fur seals to digest lipids and proteins. Overall, my results demonstrate that low lipid prey not only contain less gross energy, but result in proportionally lower net energy gain following digestion, partly due to decreasing digestibility of lipids in high protein diets. I also found that, counter to predictions, mixed-species diets do not provide fur seals with greater energetic or macronutrient gains than single-species diets. These findings contribute to understanding the nutritional ecology of northern fur seals and the impact that changes in diet can have on the fur seals’ nutritional state.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Lewis, Matthew Charles. "Behavioural and isotope ecology of marine-foraging chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15610.
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The dominant vegetation type on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, is an oligotrophic shrub land that supports low numbers of medium-sized and large terrestrial mammals. Of these, only the adaptable and dextrous chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) has learnt to supplement its diet with protein-rich foods from the marine intertidal zone. There are qualitative descriptions of this behaviour in the literature, but the relative contribution of marine foods to baboon diet, the influence of lunar cycles on exploitation and the impacts of marine foraging on ranging behaviour and activity budgets through different seasons have yet to be quantified. Furthermore, all previous studies included data from troops that had access to nutrient-rich exotic foods, which may have reduced their reliance on marine organisms. For this thesis I collected behavioural data on ranging patterns, activity budgets and diet of a free-ranging, natural-foraging troop through full lunar tidal cycles over consecutive seasons.
I supplemented the behavioural data with estimates of the troop's diet composition modelled from stable isotope ratios of foods, faeces and hair samples. The troop ranged over 45.262km2 and travelled an average of 6.044 km per day over the study period. The troop's activity budget was dominated by walking and feeding behaviour, both of which peaked during the hot, dry summer months. Both spatial and behavioural data suggest that the study troop is nutrient-stressed relative to other troops in this population, and hence it was surprising that they only consumed small amounts of marine foods during all four seasons. Models incorporating δ13C and δ15N values of baboon faeces and hair confirmed that marine foods were not major dietary items for these baboons, whilst generalized additive models revealed that a range of abiotic factors negatively affect the exploitation of marine foods. Both the probability and intensity of marine foraging within a given hour declined with increasing tide height and swell height, and fluctuated depending on wind speed and direction. Intensity of marine foraging varied through seasons (it was highest in autumn and lowest in spring), and was higher on the east coast than on the west. Together, these results suggest that exploitation of nutrient-rich foods in the intertidal zone is limited by rapid, unpredictable changes inaccessibility. The levels of deviance left unexplained by these models however imply that other as yet unknown factors (e.g. alkaloids in mussels and limpets) may also limit the troop's exploitation of marine foods. In conclusion, this thesis represents the first in-depth study of marine foraging, a behaviour which exemplifies baboons' remarkable behavioural and dietary flexibility. That said, the temporal unpredictability of ease of access, and potential dangers associated with harvesting this resource, appear to limit how much of this high nutrient food resource baboons are able utilise.
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MacCallum, Catriona. "The reproductive biology of the common wombat, vombatus ursinus : studies towards the development of an artifical insemination protocol /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18362.pdf.
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Codron, Daryl Mark. "Dietary ecology of Chacma baboons (Papio Ursinus (Kerr, 1972) and Pleistocene Cercopithecoidea in Savanna environments of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4190.
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Bibliography: leaves 124-140.This dissertation deals with the dietary ecology of savanna-dwelling chacma baboons (Papio ursinus), and a number of fossil cercopithecoids, from modern and Pleistocene environments of South Africa, respectively, using principles of stable light isotope ecology. Previous studies of baboon ecology, based largely on direct observations, have not quantified spatial and temporal dietary variability. The dietary ecology of fossil cercopithecoids is even less clear.
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Dubay, Shannon. "Behavioural and physiological responses of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) to wildfire in the Cape Peninsula of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29751.
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In an ecological context, ‘flexibility’ refers to an animal’s ability to respond immediately to environmental stimuli through physiological and behavioural adjustments. Specifically, primates exhibit a high degree of ecological flexibility, which allows them to persist through environmental changes that vary in duration and predictability. To cope with the variability of conditions within their habitats, baboons have evolved flexibility in ranging behaviour, social behaviour, and diet. Natural disasters are predicted to increase across the globe, and many parts of the world are experiencing longer wildfire seasons and higher wildfire frequencies than ever before. The aim of this study is to use an existing data set to assess how baboons responded, behaviourally and physiologically, to an extensive wildfire. I compare home range use, activity budgets, faecal glucocorticoid concentrations, and urinary C-peptide concentrations three months after the fire to the same three months in the previous year for the same 16 adult females. In the months following the fire, the baboons had a larger spatial range compared to the same months in the year prior. The additional area incorporated unburnt areas into their home range, which were preferentially used over burnt areas. Behavioural adjustments included notably less time spent engaging in social behaviours than in the year prior. Perhaps most surprisingly, postfire physiological indicators did not suggest high levels of psychological, energetic, or nutritional stress, as glucocorticoid concentrations were significantly lower post-fire compared to the year prior, while C-peptide concentrations were not significantly different between the two periods. The troop appears to have benefited from a surfeit of exotic pine seeds that were released by pine trees as a result of the fire. This unexpected nutritional windfall, in addition to the inclusion of vineyards within their ranging patterns, may explain why there were no physiological indicators of nutritional stress despite the loss of most above ground biomass. Despite suffering the loss of 12 troop members in the fire and injury to a further 12 individuals, adult females in the Tokai troop were able to adjust to a severe and extensive change to their home range. Although primate ecological flexibility has been widely documented, this is the first study to explore the behavioural and physiological responses of baboons to extensive habitat changes resulting from a wildfire, and the potential implications for the management of wildlife on the urban edge.
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Pebsworth, Paula Ann. "An investigation of geophagic and ranging behavior of chacma baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus)living in a human-modified habitat." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/165046.
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Péricard, Jacques Lauranson-Rosaz Christian. "Le diocèse de Bourges au Haut Moyen Age de saint Ursin à Audebert." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2005/pericard_p.
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Anderson, Claes. "Habituation towards environmental enrichment in captive bears and its effect on stereotypic behaviours." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12570.
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The benefits gained by the presentation of environmental enrichment (EE) to captive animals are widely recognized. Few studies have, however, studied how to maximize the effect of EE. Repeated presentations of EE may cause a reduced interest towards the EE device, called habituation. To study the effect of habituation towards EE, behavioural data from 14 captive Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) were collected during two different EE treatments. In treatment one, honey logs were presented for five consecutive days (ConsEE). In treatment two, the logs were presented every alternative day for five days (AltEE). The different treatments both showed a significant effect on responsiveness toward the EE, however, leaving gap days inbetween presentations in AltEE showed no reliable reduction in habituation. Both treatments significantly reduced stereotypies, however, only ConsEE reduced levels of stereotypies long term. Explorative behaviours, which are the most prominent behaviours in the wild, increased during both treatments. This is consistent with previous findings (Fischbacher & Schmid 1999, Grandia et al. 2001) that EE increases natural behaviours, which has been desribed as an indication of improved welfare (Carlstead et al. 1991 etc.). Other behavioural categories such as social and passiva behaviours were unaffected by the EE presentations. THe results show that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of EE by simple means in order to ensure animal welfare.
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Hoffman, Tali S. "The spatial ecology of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in the Cape Peninusula, South Africa: towards improved management and conservation strategies." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11730.
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Competition for space between humans and wildlife is prevalent worldwide. In the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, extensive land transformation has geographically isolated, fragmented and reduced the size of the local chacma baboon population and is perceived to be a major driver of human-baboon conflict. However, no data on baboon landscape use exist to verify this perception. I studied the spatial ecology of this population, identifying baboon land use patterns, determining the drivers of intrapopulation variation in spatial ecology and investigating how spatial variables could inform baboon management efforts to reduce human-baboon conflict.
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Moxley, Courtney. "Infection of two distinct Trichuris sp. genotypes within and among baboon (Papio ursinus) troops on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7625.
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The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) population on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa is divided into 16 geographically isolated troops, 14 of which are classified as being commensal with humans. Regular contact with humans in urban and agricultural settings may have increased the risk of transmission of the different parasite species identified within this population. The aim of the study was to identify whether two previously-identified genotypes of the whipworm, Trichuris sp., infect the same individual baboon simultaneously and whether both genotypes infect baboons of different troops on the Peninsula. Genomic DNA was extracted from adult Trichuris worms extracted from the gastrointestinal tract of six baboons from five different troops on the Peninsula. Two sets of primers were designed to amplify different sized products of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA through PCR. Diagnostic PCR revealed the DG genotype among two Trichuris sp. specimens in a baboon from an unknown troop, while the CP-GOB genotype was observed among five specimens within a baboon from the Groot Olifantsbos troop. Sequence data confirmed the presence of a single genotype in each troop. This study suggests that the genotypes are specific to baboon troops but the potential for both genotypes to infect baboons within troops on the Peninsula cannot be ruled out. Knowledge of the specificity of the Trichuris genotypes to baboon hosts of different troops may inform our understanding of the evolution of diversity within this genus. Future research into the transmission of both genotypes within and between troops may also highlight the potential for two distinct species of Trichuris to exist among the baboons. Considering the close contact between baboons and humans on the Peninsula, clarification on host specificity of either genotype will also be important for managing zoonoses and preventing break-outs of infectious diseases between the species.
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Le, Luel Nathalie Barral i. Altet Xavier. "Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges recherches sur l'iconographie profane en façade des églises romanes /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://theses.scdbases.uhb.fr:8000/theseLeLueldiffusable.pdf.
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Le, Luel Nathalie. "Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges : recherches sur l'iconographie profane en façade des églises romanes." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseLeLueldiffusable.pdf.
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Le portail Saint-Ursin de Bourges constitue l’unique vestige monumental de l’ancienne collégiale éponyme détruite pendant la Révolution. Célèbre pour son tympan historié, il fait l’objet dans ce travail d’une longue étude monographique qui sert de point de départ à une réflexion élargie sur l’iconographie profane à l’époque romane. La première partie replace le portail – originellement situé au centre de la façade occidentale – dans son contexte historique et monumental ; l’étude stylistique et épigraphique plaide pour une réalisation au cours du premier quart du XIIe siècle. Dans la deuxième partie, sont analysés les trois thèmes iconographiques profanes qui composent le décor historié du tympan : le calendrier des mois, la chasse et les fables. L’examen des images montre une convergence symbolique des trois registres où se lisent des préoccupations à la fois séculières et eschatologiques propres à l’Eglise du XIIe siècle. L’interprétation des registres est confrontée dans la troisième partie à l’ensemble du programme iconographique du portail qui dévoile un message pluriel : les interactions symboliques, liturgiques, sociales, nouées par le portail au seuil de l’église soulignent la cohérence visuelle et intellectuelle du programme sculpté. Les images profanes du tympan témoignent d’un réel souci du clergé quant à la réception d’une partie du décor par les fidèles laïques : cette observation est confirmée par l’étude d’une série d’autres façades d’églises de l’Occident roman. Elle démontre une utilisation réfléchie de l’iconographie profane par l’Eglise comme stratégie de communication visuelle efficace à destination de l’espace séculier et, avant tout, des fidèles non lettrésThe portal of Saint-Ursin at Bourges constitutes the only monumental vestige of the old eponymous collegial church destroyed during the Revolution. Famous for its historiated tympanum, it is here the subject of a long monographic study used as the starting point of a reflection encompassing the profane iconography at the Romanesque period. The first part situates the portal – originally located in the entre of the western façade – in its historical and monumental context; the stylistic and epigraphic study suggests that it was made during the first quarter of the XIIth century. The second part focuses on the three profane iconographic themes which compose the historiated scenery of the tympanum: the calendar of months, hunting and fables. The study of images shows that there is a symbolic convergence of the three registers which reflect both secular and eschatological preoccupations typical of the Church in the XIIth century. In the third part, the interpretations of the registers are compared to the whole iconographic program of the portal, revealing a polysemous message: the symbolic, liturgical and social interactions formed by the portal on the threshold of the church underline the visual and intellectual coherence of the sculpted program. The profane images of the tympanum testify to a real concern of the clergy about the reception of a part of the scenery by the secular believers: this observation is confirmed by the study of a series of other church façades in the Romanesque West. Its shows a well-thought-out use of profane iconography by the Church, serving a strategy of efficient visual communication aimed at the laity and, above all, at the illiterate believers
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Bastian, Corina. "Négociation par correspondance : madame de Maintenon et la princesse des Ursins pendant la guerre de Succession d'Espagne (1701-1714)." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4002.
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This thesis analyses the correspondence of two French noble women during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714). Marie-Anne de La Trémoille (*1642, †1722), the Princesse des Ursins, played a crucial role in the relationship between the two Bourbon courts of Versailles and Madrid. For eleven years, from 1705 to 1715, Madame des Ursins corresponded weekly with Madame de Maintenon (*1635, †1719), Louis’s XIV morganatic wife, who, like herself, had also established a de facto monopoly on royal patronage. Diplomatic relationships between early modern European courts were characterized by the coexistence of parallel channels which were ensured both by the correspondences of diplomatic office holders and “informal” actors, both male and female. Through their correspondence, Maintenon and Ursins upheld such a connection between the French and the Spanish court. Thanks to their exclusive access to the centres of power, the two women where fully informed about foreign policy issues. Thus, they were able to interfere in political proceedings by acting in networks and counseling the ruler or the office holders. Enlarging not only their own scope of action, but also that of the sovereign, their correspondence constitutes an instrument of power and became itself a scene of negotiation. Overall, the modes of expression and action in these letters constitute both the conditions of an increasingly institutionalised state and of the courtly diplomatic customs of a former era. By simultaneously displaying different norms, the correspondence of the two ladies is a most appropriate mirror for the condition of diplomatic relations at the timeObjet du présent travail est d’étudier le rôle des femmes dans les relations extérieures des cours sous l’Ancien Régime. L’ampleur et les formes de leur influence sont sondées ici à travers l’exemple de deux femmes nobles qui jouèrent un rôle-clé aux cours de Versailles et de Madrid au début du XVIIIe siècle. A la demande de Louis XIV, Anne-Marie de la Trémoille (*1642, †1722), connue sous le nom de princesse des Ursins, se rendit à Madrid pour y occuper la place de camarera mayor de la reine. Pendant dix ans, de 1705 à 1715, la princesse entretint une correspondance hebdomadaire avec l’épouse morganatique de Louis XIV, madame de Maintenon (*1635, †1719), qui, elle aussi, avait accaparé une large part du patronage royal. Intermédiaires principales des souverains, madame de Maintenon et la princesse des Ursins contrôlaient l’accès principal aux souverains et étaient donc des relais dans les relations franco-espagnoles. L’analyse des réseaux de correspondances de madame de Maintenon et de la princesse des Ursins suggère qu’elles étaient intégrées dans un système de canaux parallèles qui se recoupaient, se complétaient et se concurrençaient en partie. L’ analyse détaillée de la correspondance des deux femmes fait voir que celle-ci peut être considérée comme un instrument de négociation. En tant que partie intégrante des relations franco-espagnoles, elle constitue un exemple d’une diplomatie aux règles de la cour qui exista au début du XVIIIe siècle parallèlement aux canaux officiels, une diplomatie souple, intégrée à la vie de la société de cour, et que l’on vit agir, non pas en concurrence, mais en synergie avec les éléments bureaucratiques
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Langguth, Sandra. "Haltung, Fütterung, Fortpflanzung und Krankheitsgeschehen des Lippenbären (Melursus ursinus, Shaw 1791) in Zoologischen Gärten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Metastasierenden Extrahepatischen Gallengangskarzinomes (MEG)." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-37315.
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Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen zur Verbesserung der Haltung von Lippenbären (Melursus ursinus, Shaw 1791) in menschlicher Obhut zu schaffen. Im Rahmen einer Literaturstudie wurden für die Betreuung der Tierart wichtige Daten, wie physiologische und labordiagnostische Werte, sowie notwendige Aspekte für die Diskussion der Haltungsprobleme herausgegriffen und systematisch dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Lippenbärenhaltung in 4 europäischen Zoologischen Gärten auf Gehegegestaltung, Fortpflanzungsbiologie, Fütterung, Häufigkeitsverteilung klinischer Erkrankungen und Todesursachen im Zeitraum von 1960-2000 untersucht. Die häufigsten klinischen Krankheitsfälle waren Endoparasitosen, Erkrankungen des Verdauungsapparates und Traumata. Bei den Todesursachen adulter Lippenbären stand mit einer Inzidenz von 47,6 % das Metastasierende Extrahepatische Gallengangskarzinom (MEG) im Vordergrund. Dabei ergaben sich betreffend Verlauf, Histologie und Metastasierungsgrad auffallende Gemeinsamkeiten mit dem cholangiolären Karzinom des Menschen. Die Jungtiersterblichkeit lag bei über 67,3 % in den ersten zwei Lebensjahren. Optimale räumliche und klimatische Bedingungen in den Wurfkäfigen sind als die wichtigsten Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Aufzucht erkannt worden. Weiterhin wurden im Rahmen der Arbeit Vergleichswerte für labordiagnostische Parameter bei klinisch gesunden Tieren und geeignete Kombinationen zur Neuroleptanalgesie erarbeitet. Ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit lag auf der Analyse möglicher Zusammenhänge zwischen der Fütterung und dem als häufigste Todesursache der adulten Tiere festgestellten MEG. Zu diesem Zweck wurden von 26 Zoos die Futterrationen (n = 47) erhoben und mit den Angaben von Untersuchungen aus der Wildbahn verglichen. Basierend auf den quantitativen Verzehrsanalysen wird eine detaillierte Fütterungsempfehlung angeboten, die den Kern eines Maßnahmenkataloges zur Verbesserung der Lippenbärenhaltungen in menschlicher Obhut bildetThe goal of this study was to determine, how to better care for Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus, Shaw 1791) in captivity. A literary study was performed to determine physiological and laboratory parameters as well as other important factors for the husbandry of Sloth bears. Records from 1960-2000 on the care of Melursus ursinus kept in four European Zoological gardens have been evaluated. Specifically investigated were enclosure design, reproduction, feeding conditions, incidences of diseases and morbidity. The main clinical problems were parasitosis, indigestion and traumatism. The dominant cause of death of adult Sloth bears was cholangiocarcinoma with an incidence of 47,6 %. Common aspects to the human cholangiocarcinoma were discovered, such as course, histology and metastatic invasion. The mortality of juveniles was 67,3 % during the first two years. It was found that optimum spatial and climatic conditions in the denning enclosures and cubing boxes were most important for successful rearing. Reference values for laboratory parameters and immobilization of Sloth bears were established. The possible connection between feeding and the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in adult animals was investigated. This was obtained by analyzing 47 diets from 26 Zoological Gardens and comparing them with the natural diets of the animals. Based on this quantitative consumption analysis a detailed feeding plan was developed. This plan is shaping the heart of the developed guideline to improve the keeping conditions of Sloth bears in Zoos
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Jasinskas, Sigitas. "Retųjų augalų buveinių analizė Lyduvėnų kraštovaizdžio draustinyje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140717_112958-31339.
Full textAbstract:
Visa gyvybė priklauso nuo augalų gebėjimo sugerti saulės šviesos energiją ir paversti ją
cheminių medžiagų energija, kurią naudodamas augalas palaiko savo gyvybinius procesus, auga ir
dauginasi. Augaline medžiaga maitinasi žolėdžiai gyvūnai, sudarantys bet kurios mitybos grandinės
pagrindą, vadinasi, augalų gebėjimas panaudoti saulės energiją palaiko beveik visą gyvybę žemėje.
Augalai yra svarbiausi palaikant žemės atmosferos kokybę (Marinelli ir kt., 2006).
Darbo tikslas – nustatyti trilapės blignos (Isopyrum thalictroides), daugiametės blizgės
(Lunaria rediviva L.), meškinio česnako (Allium ursinum) paplitimą Lyduvėnų kraštovaizdžio
draustinyje ir įvertinti retųjų augalų buveinių valdymo principus.
Darbo metodai – lauko darbų metu registruoti retieji augalai, augantys Lyduvėnų
kraštovaizdžio draustinyje. Maršrutiniu metodu buvo vizualiai stebėti retieji augalai, augantys
draustinyje. Augalų būklė įvertinta pagal augalų populiacijos skaičių, gyvybingumą, fiziologinę
būseną ir augimo sąlygas. 2014 m. augalų kiekio pokyčiai nustatyti pagal Braun-blanqe metodiką.
Gauti duomenys išanalizuoti ir palyginti su ankstesnių tyrimų duomenimis.
Darbo rezultatai. Tyrimų metu nustatyta, jog 2014 m. trilapės blignos (Isopyrum
thalictroides) ir meškinio česnako (Allium ursinum) gausumas lyginant su ankstesnių metų
duomenimis yra padidėjęs. Daugiametės blizgės (Lunaria rediviva L.) augalų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The whole life depends on the plants ability to imbibe the heat of the sun’s rays and transform into energy of chemical substance. The plants use this energy for maintenance of there one vital development, for growth and for propagation. The herbivores feed on plants, they are the basis of any food web. It means, that the plants ability to imbibe the heat of the sun’s rays keep holding almost the whole life on the earth. The producers (plants) are the most important species, which maintains the quality of earth atmosphere. (Marinelli and oth., 2006). Work goal is to ascertain the spreading Isopyrum thalictroides, Lunaria redivida and allium ursinum on the area of Lyduvenai reservation and to appraise the handling principle of thinly growing plants. Work methods. During the work on fields the registration of thinly growing plants on the Lyduvenai reservation. Visual observation was used on shuttle method. The plants status was appraised at number of plants population, vitality, physical state and the growing conditions. Change of plants state was established according to the population, tendency to increase and decrease in population. The obtained data was analyzed and compared with the data of previous research. Work results. During the research was ascertained the condition of all three investigative plants Isopyrum thalictroides, Lunaria redivida and allium ursinum. The condition in comparison with previous research has not... [to full text]
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Almstedt, Reiner [Verfasser]. "Entwicklungsphysiologische Besonderheiten des Frühjahrsgeophyten Allium ursinum L. und die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen bei der Überführung in den nachhaltigen, feldmäßigen Anbau / Reiner Almstedt." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016001347/34.
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Ravasi, Damiana Francesca Celine. "Gastrointestinal parasite infections in Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa : the influence of individual, group and anthropogenic factors." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6166.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-168).
This study investigates whether anthropogenic changes in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, have affected gastrointestinal parasite infections in a free-living population of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). Data on parasite diversity and prevalence were obtained from 616 faecal samples collected from over 350 individuals in eight troops (six from the Cape Peninsula, one from Pringle Bay, and one from Wildcliff Nature Reserve) between July 2006 and August 2007.
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Tomlin, Peter Robert. "Juvenile primates in the context of their social group : a case study of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in an Afro-montane environment." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11820/.
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The prolonged juvenile period between infancy and reproductive maturity is the life history trait that best separates primates from other mammals. Juvenile primates are also the most neglected subjects of primatological research. The principal aim of my study was to examine the behaviour of juveniles and how they compare to older individuals, and in doing so, site this behaviour within the context of a social group of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). I collected data on a group of baboons in the Soutpansberg Mountains of South Africa over a 19-month period. I took a multi-faceted approach, using data collected though scan samples, focal animal samples, and GPS data to examine age and sex differences in behaviour. I analysed these data using several methods, including methods novel to primatological studies. My results indicate that activity budgets and use of vertical space differ by age and sex. As a consequence of this variation in the time spent engaged in activities, I found that chacma groups exhibit low levels of behavioural synchrony as measured by the Kappa coefficient of agreement. My results also indicate that, despite being part of cohesive group, individuals also differ in their movements through the landscape. Individuals that received more agonism from other group members were found to be more constrained in their movements, travelling shorter, but more tortuous routes. My findings also show that young juveniles position themselves spatially in order to have more neighbours in proximity than older individuals, while social interactions amongst group members exhibit phenotypic assortativity, particularly amongst individuals of similar ages. The behavioural differences found in juveniles relative to older conspecifics arise as a consequence of juveniles’ priorities in not only surviving to adulthood, but also in ensuring future success as adults, with obligate group-living an important factor in the emergence of such differences.
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Langguth, Sandra. "Haltung, Fütterung und Fortpflanzung und Krankheitsgeschehen des Lippenbären (Melursus ursinius, Shaw 1791) in Zoologischen Gärten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des metastasierenden extrahepatischen Gallengangskarzinomes (MEG)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://dol.uni-leipzig.de/pub/2002-41.
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Sithaldeen, Riashna. "Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Chacma Baboon (Papio ursinus): the role of landscape in shaping contemporary genetic structure in the southern African baboon." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10830.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-175).
This thesis contributes to our understanding of the role of climate and landscape change in structuring diversity within chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). The data set comprises molecular sequences from two mitochondrial DNA markers: the Brown region and the hypervariable D-loop. DNA was extracted from faecal samples of 261 free living chacma baboons across southern Africa. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic techniques, including coalescent modeling, were used to examine past and present population dynamics of chacma baboon populations. Bayesian tree constructions provide a timeline of diversification for the sample. Although the ecological drivers of ongoing differentiation remain unclear, it was shown that population contractions and expansions have also played a significant role in driving regional genetic structure within the species.
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Karolewski, Janina [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ursinus. "Notizhefte alevitischer Dedes und die Vermittlung der rituellen Praxis: Wissenstradierung in einer anatolischen Dorfgemeinschaft, Provinz Malatya, 20. Jh. / Janina Karolewski ; Betreuer: Michael Ursinus." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241250839/34.
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Tulasoğlu, Gülay [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ursinus. "Ein europäischer Konsul als Agent der Modernisierung in der osmanischen Provinz. Charles Blunt (1800-1864), “His Majesty’s Consul”, im Saloniki der Früh-Tanzimat / Gülay Tulasoğlu ; Betreuer: Michael Ursinus." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1180300890/34.
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Leonhard, Nina [Verfasser], Herbert [Gutachter] Gross, Alexander [Gutachter] Szameit, and Rupert [Gutachter] Ursin. "Adaptive optics for free-space communication with entangled orbital angular momentum photons / Nina Leonhard ; Gutachter: Herbert Gross, Alexander Szameit, Rupert Ursin." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1207155985/34.
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Sabha, Dina Talat Tawfiq [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Dhein, Friedrich-Wilhelm [Gutachter] Mohr, and Michael [Gutachter] Schäfer. "Pharmaceutical and chemical analysis of the components carrying the antiplatelet activity of extracts from allium ursinum and allium sativum / Dina Talat Tawfiq Sabha ; Gutachter: Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr, Michael Schäfer ; Betreuer: Stefan Dhein." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1238020666/34.
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Lima, Adeânio Almeida. "Densidade tecnológica e o cuidado humanizado em enfermagem: a realidade de dois serviços de saúde." Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Saúde Coletiva, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13108.
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Na conjuntura atual, é perceptível o descompasso entre os conceitos de humanização e o processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico. A tecnologia, cada vez mais determinante para aumentar a sobrevida humana e diminuição do sofrimento, afasta os profissionais do contato mais próximo com o paciente. Ambientes com alta densidade tecnológica - que apresentam grande concentração de equipamentos e instrumentais médico-hospitalares (tecnologias duras) – trazem consigo desafios ligados à qualificação, modernização e à necessidade de refletir sobre as modificações que possam ocorrer para o cuidado de enfermagem. Neste trabalho interessa discutir este último aspecto, de forma a responder a seguinte questão: como se configura o cuidado de enfermagem, tendo em vista a perspectiva da humanização em saúde, em instituições com realidades distintas em termos de densidade tecnológica? A partir desta questão, o estudo teve como objetivo comparar percepções e práticas do cuidado de enfermagem, sob a perspectiva da humanização em saúde, em dois serviços hospitalares que se distinguem por apresentar, respectivamente a seguinte configuração: baixa e alta densidade tecnológica. Um critério básico para tipificar a densidade tecnológica foi a existência ou não de monitores multiparamétricos na unidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso múltiplo, realizado em duas unidades hospitalares: Hospital Antônio Carlos Magalhães, em Inhambupe (BA) e Hospital do Subúrbio, em Salvador (BA). Os sujeitos foram cinquenta e um profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nas unidades assistenciais e de terapia intensiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada e observação direta. Os dados foram analisados e distribuídos em três categorias: percepções de enfermagem acerca do cuidado humanizado; práticas do cuidado e humanização da assistência e fatores que limitam ou que favorecem o cuidado humanizado de enfermagem. Não foram observadas, nos casos estudados, diferença significativa entre as percepções dos enfermeiros (as) e a prática, apenas mudanças de focos da dimensão ou ação do cuidado humanizado. Dentre os fatores limitantes, puderam ser notados o despreparo e insatisfação profissional, rotinas rígidas, sobrecarga de trabalho; tempo excessivo consumido em atividades gerencias e o constante barulho dos equipamentos médico hospitalares. Em contrapartida, fatores como ambientes silenciosos; melhor distribuição do tempo entre as atividades de enfermagem; estabelecimento de protocolos assistenciais; existência de programa de gratificação; adequação de horas de trabalho de enfermagem e, principalmente, programas de educação continuada são apontados como facilitadores da humanização do cuidado. Programas de educação continuada e o estabelecimento de ações gerenciais e institucionais que privilegiem a qualidade da assistência revelam-se essenciais para o incentivo à humanização, vez que o que o fator determinante para que a tecnologia desumanize o cuidado de enfermagem não é a tecnologia por si só, mas principalmente como esta opera nos contextos pessoais, institucionais e gerenciais.
Salvador
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Péricard, Jacques. "Le diocèse de Bourges au Haut Moyen Age de saint Ursin à Audebert : IVe siècle-1097 : essai sur le gouvernement épiscopal et les structures ecclésiastiques en Berry." Lyon 3, 2004. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_pericard_j.pdf.
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Cette thèse s'articule autour de deux axes de recherches principaux. Le premier est consacré au gouvernement épiscopal. Il faut d'abord observer l'action des évêques de Bourges au sein du diocèse, donc apprécier leur auctoritas et leur potestas. Légiférer, juger, administrer : voici des compétences à circonscrire pour le haut Moyen Âge. Les prélats n'ont en outre pas gouverné seuls leur diocèse et l'historiographie s'attarde aujourd'hui davantage sur l'entourage de l'évêque et sur ceux ayant assuré le relais de son autorité : chapitre cathédral, archiprêtres, archidiacres mais aussi prêtres. Par définition chef de tout le clergé, l'évêque exerce également ses compétences sur les communautés monastiques et canoniales qui se sont multipliées dans le diocèse à diverses périodes et dont l'intérêt stratégique est capital. L'évêque de Bourges est aussi métropolitain. Des sources ont même évoqué cette fameuse primatie d'Aquitaine, bien avant le XIIe siècle. Mais ces prérogatives tant provinciales que primatiales n'ont de sens que dans la mesure où les autorités royales utilisèrent Bourges et son hôte comme points d'appuis essentiels de leurs conquêtes militaires. Le second axe de recherches est consacré à la structuration du diocèse. Mener une enquête de terrain afin de suivre précisément l'édification du diocèse et la mise en place du réseau paroissial est indispensable. Fin XIe siècle, la ± paroisse α en tant que territoire et entité juridique strictement délimités n'est pas encore tout à fait née, mais le diocèse est déjà couvert d'églises et de chapelles. Il est utile de retracer les étapes de cette constitution paroissiale en Berry durant le haut Moyen Âge, en restant à l'écoute des facteurs peuplement, zones d'implantation publique l'ayant favorisé.
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Lyet, Arnaud. "Conservation des populations françaises de vipère d’Orsini : approche multidisciplinaire et intégrative." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20173.
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La région méditerranéenne est un des 25 points chauds de la biodiversité mondiale. Cette richesse est associée à des milieux semi-naturels façonnés par l'action de l'homme depuis des siècles, notamment par élevage extensif. Depuis la fin du 19ème siècle, la déprise rurale se traduit par l'abandon des pratiques pastorales qui conduit à la dégradation de ces milieux ouverts semi-naturels par embroussaillement et reforestation. Les conséquences de cette modification des habitats sont explorées sur une espèce endémique rare et difficile à détecter, la vipère d'Orsini (Vipera ursinii). Les travaux réalisés montrent que les populations sont fragmentées, isolées les unes des autres, et marquées par une forte structuration spatiale interne. Quatre unités évolutives distinctes sont détectées, représentant chacune une part originale et unique de la variabilité génétique de l'espèce en France dont la perte doit alors être considérée définitive. Nos résultats montrent que la distribution de l'espèce est très peu étendue par rapport aux habitats favorables disponibles. Cette différence ne résulte pas d'un biais lié à la non-détection de l'espèce ni à l'omission d'un paramètre important dans les modèles de distribution mais probablement d'une faible capacité de colonisation des sites devenus favorables après la dernière glaciation. Nous avons montré que les effets des brûlages dirigés menés par les gestionnaires pour entretenir les milieux méditerranéens sont fortement négatifs pour la survie de l'espèce. Enfin l'analyse de la gestion forestière abordée de manière théorique montre le fort potentiel des coupes forestières pour améliorer le statut des populations. Ainsi cette thèse s'est attachée à définir une démarche simple et efficace à adopter pour obtenir une évaluation rapide du statut des populations et des risques d'extinction d'une espèce rare et difficile à observer. Par ailleurs les résultats obtenus sur cette espèce sont de portée générale pour comprendre l'impact de la reforestation à la suite de l'abandon des pratiques pastorales séculaires, des changements climatiques à venir ainsi que celui des modes de gestion actuellement préconisés sur des espèces méditerranéennes à faible capacité de dispersionThe Mediterranean region is one of the 25 hotspots in the world. This biological richness is linked from centuries with human-made seminatural habitats, such as agropastoral grasslands. Since the end of the 19th century, the rural decolonization is followed by land abandonment and that conducts to alteration of seminatural grasslands by encroachment and afforestation. Consequences of this habitat alteration are investigated on a rare endemic species particularly difficult to detect, the Orsini's meadow viper (Vipera ursinii). This study shows that populations are fragmented and isolated, and have a high within spatial structure. Four distinct evolutionary units have been identified, each one representing an original and unit part of the genetic variability of the species in France, whose loss should be considered as definitive. Our results show that the species range is narrow extended compared to suitable habitats. This difference does not result from non detection bias neither missing of an important parameter in using models but rather by a low colonization ability of sites which became favourable after the last glaciation. We showed that prescribed fire effects used to maintain open grasslands are strongly unfavourable to the Orsini's meadow viper. In last, analysis of forest management with theoretical approach showed the strong potentiality of forest cuttings to population status improvement. Thus, this thesis aims to define a simple and effective method to obtain quickly an assessment of populations status and extinction risks of this rare species difficult to detect. In addition results obtained on this species are of broader inferences to understand impact of afforestation due to pastoral abandonment, near-future climatic change and management practice that are currently proposed for Mediterranean species with low dispersal rate
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Kalbitzer, Urs [Verfasser], Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer, Peter M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kappeler, Eckhard W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heymann, Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Ostner, Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Roos, and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Schülke. "Foundations of variation in male aggressiveness and tolerance between chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in Botswana and Guinea baboons (P. papio) in Senegal / Urs Kalbitzer. Gutachter: Julia Fischer ; Peter M. Kappeler ; Eckhard W. Heymann ; Julia Ostner ; Christian Roos ; Oliver Schülke. Betreuer: Julia Fischer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060246392/34.
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