Academic literature on the topic 'US foreign Intelligence'
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Journal articles on the topic "US foreign Intelligence"
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Sullivan, John, and Genevieve Lester. "Revisiting Domestic Intelligence." Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 1 (April 2022): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1976.
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This article looks at the evolution of US domestic intelligence prior to and since 9/11 in light of the Capitol attacks. It also reviews the literature and practice of intelligence reform in the context of foreign comparative experience (France, UK, Canada, Australia). It looks at the promise of fusion centers, cocontemporay domestic intelligence models, and the continuing need for domestic intelligence reform. Additional Keywords: Domestic Intelligence, Intelligence Reform, Intelligence Fusion
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Cecil, R. "Comparing foreign intelligence: the US, the USSR and the Third World." International Affairs 65, no. 2 (1989): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622081.
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Panov, Denis Sergeevich. "The formation of the CIA as a key instrument of U.S. foreign policy in the Cold War era." Международные отношения, no. 4 (April 2024): 156–65. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2024.4.72575.
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The object of the scientific article is the formation of the US intelligence agency. The subject of the study is the factors that served as the starting point for the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency as a strategic and analytical center within the framework of ensuring national security and a foreign policy instrument in the context of the formation of a bipolar system of international relations. The author examines in detail the evolution of the US intelligence agencies, the historical context of World War II, the disagreements of Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt, and later Harry Truman on the post-war world order, as well as the paradigm of realism as the dominant view in American academic and political circles on international relations. Special attention is paid to the place and importance of the CIA in the formation of the US national security system, as well as the position of the political establishment on this issue. The historical-genetic method allows us to trace the historical conditions and stages of the development of the intelligence structure in the relationship, as well as the idea of the need for such an institution at the beginning of the Cold War. The narrative method describes the history of the development of the US intelligence agencies, which led to the formation of an important foreign policy institution with broad powers to carry out state tasks. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the position that the creation of the CIA was dictated by socio-political views on the situation in the world in a certain historical period. This is reflected in the views of academic and political circles regarding US foreign policy activities. As part of the institutional reform carried out in accordance with the adopted Law on National Security, the organization was an integral and key part of the "conservative U-turn". In fact, the intelligence structure is the embodiment of the realist paradigm of international relations. The high secrecy and broad powers of the intelligence agency have formed the basis for conducting secret political activities. It has become a strategic center for the administration of covert politics, bypassing democratic principles. In turn, this consolidated the reliance on the use of force, including covert force, as the basis of American foreign policy pursuing national interests within the bipolar system of the world. The CIA became an institution whose activities were aimed at containing the USSR in the conditions of the outbreak of the Cold War.
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Cohen, Michael D., and Aaron Rapport. "Strategic surprise, nuclear proliferation and US foreign policy." European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 344–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119859925.
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What are the effects of strategic surprise on foreign policy? We apply mechanisms from cognitive psychology and foreign policy analysis — the hindsight bias and policy engagement — to theorize about how political leaders attribute blame for strategic surprises and the consequences for their foreign policies. We argue that leaders who are hardly engaged with policy matters related to a surprise will tend to believe that it should have been foreseen, attribute blame to domestic culprits and favour significant changes in foreign policy. Conversely, those more involved with policy planning will blame an adversary’s deception and resist policy change. We illustrate these hypotheses empirically by examining the cases of the Truman administration’s reaction to the 1949 Soviet nuclear test and the Johnson administration’s reaction to the 1967 Chinese thermonuclear explosion. Despite their similar international and domestic political environments, the two presidents reacted quite differently to the two surprises. Truman, who was weakly engaged with nuclear matters prior to 1949, authorized major policy changes and reorganized the Central Intelligence Agency. Conversely, Johnson’s deeper involvement in nuclear matters led him to attribute blame for the surprise to Chinese deception. He sought to use the 1967 test to advance his ongoing efforts to secure the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. The findings suggest that the variables of policy engagement and the hindsight bias can predict how leaders’ foreign policies will respond to surprises regarding nuclear weapons proliferation and potentially other shifts in the balance of power.
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Šetka Čilić, Ivona, Tonina Ibrulj, and Ivan Nujić. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING." South Eastern European Journal of Communication 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47960/2712-0457.2024.1.6.65.
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We live in the 21st century. Nothing is the same as it used to be ten years ago, not to mention 50 or more years ago. Everything has changed. We live in a world of fast communication where the biggest problem is time, i.e., the lack of time. We want everything, and we want it now. We live a multi-tasking life, and 24 hours is not enough to do everything we need. Some kind of assistance is more necessary than ever before; consequently, humans have invented machines to make their lives easier. Today, we have devices and gadgets we could only dream about or see in science fiction movies 50 and more years ago, such as iPhones, robots, drones, and different tools to help us learn something, buy things online, and similar. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now present almost everywhere. However, in this paper, the authors are interested in using artificial intelligence tools in English language learning. The central part of this paper was to investigate if English language students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Science of the University of Mostar use artificial intelligence (AI) tools in their language learning and, if so, which ones would be the most dominant. For that purpose, a questionnaire containing 11 questions was created using Google Forms, and students were asked to fill it out. The total number of students who participated was 69. Two hypotheses were set – the first one indicates that EL undergraduate and graduate single-major and double-major students are familiar with the term artificial intelligence, and the second indicates that Google Translate is the most commonly used AI tool. Both hypotheses were proven. Even though only 69 students participated, it can be said that the results are representative because they give a good insight into the actual, current situation regarding English language students’ s use and implementation of AI tools in their English language learning and can be taken as a reasonable basis for some future, more thorough research. Keywords: questionnaire; Google forms; English language students; English language learning; artificial intelligence (AI); artificial intelligence tools
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Nouadri, Samia Ilhem. "Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Neuropsychology: Need for complementarity." International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijllc.3.1.1.
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This article aims to show that in a school situation, the teacher may encounter, for example, situations that require psychological or social knowledge and certain behaviors in the FLE class. This study aims to apply the results and strategies of research specific to (artificial intelligence; neurosciences, psychology, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology) in teaching and learning a foreign language in a university context, which corresponds to reality to provide teachers with a minimum of knowledge about the functioning of the brain. Because the qualification of teachers of French as a foreign language is not reduced to a simple presentation of methodological, pedagogical and ethical facts, but should rather be more concerned with all potentially beneficial aspects to such professional practice. This work led us to answer our main problem: How can the collaboration of the two disciplines: artificial intelligence and cognitive neuropsychology contribute to a better learning of FLE?
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Pillay, Anton Michael. "How Hollywood and US Foreign Policy Mirror Each Other to Produce Surrealism." NETSOL: New Trends in Social and Liberal Sciences 9, no. 2 (December 11, 2024): 42–58. https://doi.org/10.24819/netsol2024.10.
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As a soft power tool, Hollywood has successfully exported American values, ideals, and exceptionalism to the world. In a way, this influence has shaped global perceptions on how Americans view themselves and how the world views the country. As art imitates life, it is only natural that Hollywood came to produce films that deal with US foreign policy (US FP) issues. Over the years a solid relationship between Hollywood films and US FP has grown so intricately, that some argue that the US government is an un-named producer on films that portray themes on US FP. It is not only the US FP that influences Hollywood, but the surrealism or ‘make believe’ narratives that Hollywood produces can be seen in the way US FP creates its own narratives, which sometimes appear detached or self-absorbed, as if operating in an isolated bubble. This two-way mimicking phenomenon is referred to as ‘mirroring’. There are number of points to this protocol namely: re-scripting, desensitizing, how intelligence agencies are framed, how racism and stereotyping injected with the Hollywood ending, and the unapologetic Hollywood hero, and film accolades are presented. This paper unpacks what is termed as the ‘mirroring protocol’ to explain the relationship between Hollywood and US FP.
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Boldakova, V. P. "THE CONCEPT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH." Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches, no. 3(30) (December 31, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/mlmdr.2020.30.3.009.
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Statement of the problem. The article describes approaches to the study of emotional intelligence in domestic and foreign studies. The theory of emotional intelligence has not yet acquired a holistic conceptual form, as there is still no solid empirical and methodological basis. However, the multitude of extensive theoretical and practical findings allows us to assert popularization and relevance of scientific research in this field of knowledge. The author touches upon the existing controversial issues relating to the content and terminology of emotional intelligence theory and briefly indicates some possible cutting-edge ways for systematization of available data. Results. The author outlines further prospects for research in the field of emotional intelligence. The interest of further surveys can go back to the study of negative aspects of this phenomenon: manipulative ability, false ability as well as any ability leading to asocial behavior. It is impossible to deny or ignore the flip side of emotional intelligence and all processes associated with it since the bipolar coverage of this phenomenon can lead to serious arguments or evidence of the facts, acting as an additional scientific information resource. Understanding emotions and ability to manage them are important factors in building interpersonal, social and industrial relations. Intelligence is expressed in labor activity in such abilities as competence, initiative, creativity and self-organization. Emotional intelligence, being one of the varieties of human intelligence, has now earned the status of “mainstream” - an urgent and promising trend in psychological and pedagogical practice. Emotional competence contributes to a more effective implementation of professional activities and building harmonious social contacts. Conclusion. Sum it up, it is necessary to note the ambiguity of interpretations to substantiate the essence of "emotional intelligence". The abundance of scientific views testifies to the relevance and recognition of EI as a scientific field with a “great future” in numerous international studies, which gives this phenomenon a special status in modern scientific thought. The absence of a solid empirical and methodological context presents an opportunity for future investigation of emotional intelligence through determinism, prognosticism and recognition of its great potential.
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Joksimovic, Aleksandra. "Sanctions as tools in the US foreign policy after the cold war." Medjunarodni problemi 58, no. 4 (2006): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0604469j.
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In searching for various opportunities to act in pursuing its foreign policy and endeavors to achieve a dominant role in the global processes USA has developed a broad range of instruments including a financial assistance as a way to be given support for its positions, intelligence activities, its public diplomacy, unilateral implementation of sanctions and even military interventions. The paper devotes special attention to one of these instruments - sanctions, which USA implemented in the last decade of the 20th century more than ever before. The author explores the forms and mechanisms for implementation of sanctions, the impact and effects they produce on the countries they are directed against, but also on the third parties or the countries that have been involved in the process by concurrence of events and finally on USA as the very initiator of imposing them.
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Evstigneev, M. N. "Planning a foreign language lesson using generative artificial intelligence technologies." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 3 (July 20, 2024): 617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-3-617-634.
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Importance. The widespread use of generative artificial intelligence technologies has an impact on all stages of pedagogical activity, including the planning stage. Taking into account the language teaching features of artificial intelligence technologies, such as generativity and the ability to personalize the curriculum, it is necessary to note a significant increase in educational motivation when teaching a foreign language. This circumstance also explains the active surge in the use of generative artificial intelligence technologies by students when preparing homework or preparing for classroom classes. On the part of a foreign language teacher, there is a slightly different picture due to the lack of advanced training courses on the use of modern means of teaching a foreign language or a banal reluctance to learn something new, allowing to depart from traditional teaching methods. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of generative artificial intelligence technologies for pedagogical planning of a foreign language lesson.Research Methods. At the first stage, in order to conduct research to identify the effectiveness of the use of generative artificial intelligence technologies in planning a foreign language lesson, the following theoretical methods are used: the study and analysis of academic and educational literature on the integration of modern technologies into foreign languages teaching methods, comparison and synthesis of the studied information. The second stage involves the use of empirical research methods: observation, description, survey and content analysis, which allows us to study the suitability of generative intelligence technologies for pedagogical planning in preparation for foreign language classes.Definition of Concepts. The main concepts in this study are “curriculum”, “scenario of an educational lesson”, “pedagogical planning”, “technologies of generative artificial intelligence”.Results and Discussion. The conducted survey among students has revealed statistical data on the basis of which the suitability of a certain type of generative artificial intelligence technologies is determined when planning a foreign language lesson. Based on the analysis of the generated scenario, the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are identified. The advantages include: a) the development of creative abilities; b) access to authentic materials; c) increased visibility and visualization of learning; d) the development of interdisciplinary skills; e) the efficiency of monitoring the achievements of students. Possible problems in planning the learning process using generative artificial intelligence technologies include: a) low level of ICT competence; b) low level of teaching methods competence; c) generativity as a language teaching property of artificial intelligence technologies; d) limited functionality of technologies and narrowly focused application in practice.Conclusion. The use of generative artificial intelligence technologies when planning a foreign language lesson allows to create a basis or template blanks of a curriculum or a scenario of an educational lesson, which subsequently acquire teaching methods components with the direct participation of a teacher. The results obtained in the course of the study can be used in foreign language teaching methods using generative artificial intelligence technologies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "US foreign Intelligence"
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Abdalla, Neveen Shaaban. "Requirements, priorities, and mandates : a model to examine the US requirements and priorities process and its impact on the outcome of national security and foreign policy events." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15854.
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Historically in the United States, after-action investigations have consistently accused the intelligence community of early warning in foreign policy and national security events. However, closer inspection shows that the intelligence community does provide timely and actionable estimates-when it is directed to do so. In some instances, the root cause of failure does not lie within the intelligence community. Rather, it is due to a malfunction in the Requirements and Priorities (R&P) process, a mechanism that integrates intelligence and policy communities. The R&P provides the "mandate" for the intelligence community- it delivers a ranking of intelligence priorities, and informs resource distribution, interagency cooperation, and operational authorisations for federal intelligence agencies. The R&P process has been highlighted consistently as a systemic weakness, has undergone numerous changes, and remains a source of tribulation. Yet it is rarely addressed, and absent from after-action investigations. The impact of the R&P becomes most visible when urgent, unexpected issues arise in low priority areas. These events force a "mandate shift" - a rapid escalation of the issue to a higher priority, commanding an immediate realignment of mandate-level functions. Faults in any component of the mechanism can delay or restrict critical actions, and often as manifest as errors of intelligence collection or analysis. These "symptoms" are often misdiagnosed as the root cause, leading to accusations of intelligence failure. This research sets forth a model to observe the impact of the R&P on the outcome of foreign policy and national security events, while simultaneously investigating core functions of the intelligence and policy communities. This R&P-centric model is applied to three cases of social movement escalation: el Bogotázo (1948), the Iranian Revolution (1979), and the Rwandan Genocide (1994). The cases trace the R&P structure at the time, to examine how faults in the R&P can impact the intelligence community's ability to provide early warning, and influence the overall outcome.
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Todd, Maurice L. "Rhetoric or reality : US counterinsurgency policy reconsidered." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6431.
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This study explores the foundations of US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine in order to better understand the main historical influences on that policy and doctrine and how those influences have informed the current US approach to counterinsurgency. The results of this study indicate the US experience in counterinsurgency during the Greek Civil War and the Huk Rebellion in the Philippines had a significant influence on the development of US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine following World War II through the Kennedy presidency. In addition, despite a major diversion from the lessons of Greece and the Philippines during the Vietnam War, the lessons were re-institutionalized in US counterinsurgency policy and doctrine following the war and continue to have significant influence today, though in a highly sanitized and, therefore, misleading form. As a result, a major disconnect has developed between the “rhetoric and reality” of US counterinsurgency policy. This disconnect has resulted from the fact that many references that provide a more complete and accurate picture of the actual policies and actions taken to successfully defeat the insurgencies have remained out of the reach of non-government researchers and the general public. Accordingly, many subsequent studies of counterinsurgency overlook, or only provide a cursory treatment of, aspects that may have had a critical impact on the success of past US counterinsurgency operations. One such aspect is the role of US direct intervention in the internal affairs of a supported country. Another is the role of covert action operations in support of counterinsurgency operations. As a result, the counterinsurgency policies and doctrines that have been developed over the years are largely based on false assumptions, a flawed understanding of the facts, and a misunderstanding of the contexts concerning the cases because of misleading, or at least seriously incomplete, portrayals of the counterinsurgency operations.
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Delagenière, Boris. "L'aigle et le dragon. Le renseignement extérieur américain face à la Chine maoïste (1947-1976)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025SORUL022.
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Dans le prolongement du rideau de fer soviétique, le « rideau de bambou (bamboo curtain) » constitua l'un des principaux obstacles à l'intelligence des réalités politiques, économiques et sociales de la République populaire de Chine (RPC) pour les observateurs occidentaux pendant les trois premières décennies de la Guerre froide. En première ligne face aux fronts et frontières du communisme chinois, l'appareil diplomatique, militaire et de renseignement américain fut amené à déployer des trésors d'ingéniosité pour percer à jour les énigmes de la Chine maoïste à partir d'informations de seconde main, souvent lacunaires et peu fiables. Le recentrement sur l'Asie opéré ces dernières années dans l'historiographie de la Guerre froide invite à approfondir le rôle des stratégies de renseignement et des perceptions du « risque Chine » par les agences gouvernementales américaines (Conseil de sécurité nationale, CIA, INR, NSA,) et les administrations publiques (département de la Défense, département d'Etat). Aussi cette thèse ambitionne-t-elle d'étudier les problématiques stratégiques, diplomatiques et économiques liées à la RPC, à l'aune des représentations géopolitiques des « China watchers » américains et de leurs présupposés idéologiques, politiques et épistémologiques. En particulier, il s'agira d'examiner la place de la Chine communiste au sein de la relation bipolaire Moscou-Washington, la dynamique des relations au sein du communisme international (stratégies vers le tiers-monde), enfin les crises internationales et régionales (Corée, Taïwan, Tibet, Vietnam, URSS)As an extension of the Soviet Iron Curtain, the Chinese "Bamboo curtain" was one of the main obstacles to Western China watchers during the first decades of the Cold War. In face of the Chinese communist fronts and frontiers, the American diplomatic, military and intelligence apparatus had to deploy a wealth of ingenuity and skills to unravel the enigmas of Maoist China on the basis of incomplete and unreliable indirect evidence. The Cold War historiography's refocusing on Asia in recent years calls for a closer evaluation of the role of intelligence strategies and perceptions of the 'China risk' by US government agencies (NSC, CIA, INR, NSA) and public administrations (Department of Defense, State Department). Therefore this doctoral thesis intends to study the geopolitical and ideological representations that shaped US China Watching. In particular, our research attempt to study the place of Red China within the bipolar relationship between Moscow and Washington, the dynamics of relations within international Communism (strategies towards the Third World), and in the context of international and regional crises (Korea, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, Soviet Union from 1958 to 1969)
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Nguyen, Triet M. ""Little Consideration... to Preparing Vietnamese Forces for Counterinsurgency Warfare"? History, Organization, Training, and Combat Capability of the RVNAF, 1955-1963." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23126.
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This dissertation is a focused analysis of the origins, organization, training, politics, and combat capability of the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) from 1954 to 1963, the leading military instrument in the national counterinsurgency plan of the government of the Republic of Viet Nam (RVN). Other military and paramilitary forces that complemented the army in the ground war included the Viet Nam Marine Corps (VNMC), the Civil Guard (CG), the Self-Defense Corps (SDC) and the Civil Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG) which was composed mainly of the indigenous populations in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. At sea and in the air, the Viet Nam Air Force (VNAF) and the Viet Nam Navy (VNN) provided additional layers of tactical, strategic and logistical support to the military and paramilitary forces. Together, these forces formed the Republic of Viet Nam Armed Forces (RVNAF) designed to counter the communist insurgency plaguing the RVN. This thesis argues the following. First, the origin of the ARVN was rooted in the French Indochina War (1946-1954). Second, the ARVN was an amalgamation of political and military forces born from a revolution that encompassed three overlapping wars: a war of independence between the Vietnamese and the French; a civil war between the Vietnamese of diverse social and political backgrounds; and a proxy war as global superpowers and regional powers backed their own Vietnamese allies who, in turn, exploited their foreign supporters for their own purposes. Lastly, the ARVN failed not because it was organized, equipped, and trained for conventional instead of counterinsurgency warfare. Rather, it failed to assess, adjust, and adapt its strategy and tactics quickly enough to meet the war’s changing circumstances. The ARVN’s slowness to react resulted from its own institutional weaknesses, military and political problems that were beyond its control, and the powerful and dangerous enemies it faced. The People’s Army of Viet Nam (PAVN) and the People’s Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF) were formidable adversaries. Not duplicated in any other post-colonial Third World country and led by an experienced and politically tested leadership, the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (DRVN) and the National Front for the Liberation of Southern Viet Nam (NFLSVN) exploited RVN failures effectively. Hypothetically, there was no guarantee that had the US dispatched land forces into Cambodia and Laos or invaded North Vietnam that the DRVN and NFLSVN would have quit attacking the RVN. The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (FFEEC)’ occupation of the Red River Delta did not bring peace to Cochinchina, only a military stalemate between it and the Vietnamese Liberation Army (VLA). Worse yet, a US invasion potentially would have unnerved the People’s Republic of China (PRC) which might have sent the PLAF to fight the US in Vietnam as it had in Korea. Inevitably, such unilateral military action would certainly provoke fierce criticism and opposition amongst the American public at home and allies abroad. At best, the war’s expansion might have bought a little more time for the RVN but it could never guarantee South Vietnam’s survival. Ultimately, RVN’s seemingly endless political, military, and social problems had to be resolved by South Vietnam’s political leaders, military commanders, and people but only in the absence of constant PAVN and PLAF attempts to destroy whatever minimal progress RVN made politically, militarily, and socially. The RVN was plagued by many problems and the DRVN and NFLSVN, unquestionably, were amongst those problems.
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Berrios-Ayala, Mark. "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1547.
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Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of
human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Thompson, Laura. "The Australian Government, the US alliance, and the Cuban Missile Crisis: A history and policy analysis." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/35980/.
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In October 1962, the world was brought to the brink of nuclear catastrophe. The Cuban
Missile Crisis marked the closest the United States (US) and the Soviet Union came to
military conflict that might have led to nuclear annihilation during the Cold War. This
thesis investigates the Australian Government’s policy response to the crisis. In doing
so, it makes an original contribution to Australian Cold War history and to the extensive
literature on the crisis.
The Australian Government’s policy response to the crisis is examined in the context of
the Australia-US alliance. A diplomatic history, this thesis relies heavily on declassified
government records from Australian and American archives. Additionally, oral history
interview transcripts, audio-visual materials, Hansard, newspapers, and private
collections, were consulted in order to reconstruct comprehensively Australia’s policy
on this matter and the factors that shaped it.
This thesis examines: Australia’s awareness of the Cuban situation; the Menzies
Government’s policy on the crisis, specifically, factors it considered—and did not
consider—in formulating its policy; and the Government’s immediate implementation
of that policy, including the reactions of some sections of the Australian community to
that policy. It demonstrates that despite limited advance notice and awareness of the
Cuban situation, the Government swiftly declared support for the US in the crisis,
specifically, its resolution to be presented to the United Nations Security Council. It reveals that certain politicians, diplomats, and public servants were concerned about:
Australia’s obligations under the Australia New Zealand United States Security Treaty;
the legality of the US response; the precedent set by the quarantine; the implications of
US policy on the crisis regarding Australian nuclear ambitions; Australia maintaining its
trade relationship with Cuba; and the repercussions the crisis could have on collective
defence arrangements, which Australia relied on for its security. Despite these concerns
and challenges, the Government considered the successful management of the US
alliance paramount in formulating and implementing its policy on the crisis.
Books on the topic "US foreign Intelligence"
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Lawrence, Freedman. US intelligence and the Soviet strategic threat. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1986.
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Lawrence, Freedman. US intelligence and the Soviet strategic threat. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1986.
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Lawrence, Freedman. US intelligence and the Soviet strategic threat. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1986.
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Leshuk, Leonard. US intelligence perceptions of Soviet power, 1921-1946. London: Frank Cass, 2003.
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United States. Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive. Foreign spies stealing US economic secrets in cyberspace: Report to Congress on foreign economic collection and industrial espionage, 2009-2011. Washington, D.C.]: Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive, 2011.
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Leslie, Cockburn, ed. Dangerous liaison: The inside story of the US-Israeli covert relationship. Toronto: Stoddart, 1991.
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B, Fischer Ben, and United States. Central Intelligence Agency., eds. At Cold War's end: US intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989-1991. [Reston, Va.?]: Central Intelligence Agency, 1999.
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Ishola, Gani Osoulale. Call a spade a spade: The US, CIA and Africa. Lagos: West African Book Publisher, 2006.
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Lucas, Scott. Freedom's war: The US crusade against the Soviet Union, 1945-56. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.
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Nair, Kunhanandan. CIA, Club der Mörder: Der US-Geheimdienst in der Dritten Welt. Göttingen: Lamuv, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "US foreign Intelligence"
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Celeste, Edoardo, and Federico Fabbrini. "Competing Jurisdictions: Data Privacy Across the Borders." In Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies, 43–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54660-1_3.
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Abstract Borderless cloud computing technologies are exacerbating tensions between European and other existing regulatory models for data privacy. On the one hand, in the European Union (EU), a series of data localisation initiatives are emerging with the objective of preserving Europe’s digital sovereignty, guaranteeing the respect of EU fundamental rights and preventing foreign law enforcement and intelligence agencies from accessing personal data. On the other hand, foreign countries are unilaterally adopting legislation requiring national corporations to disclose data stored in Europe, in this way bypassing jurisdictional boundaries grounded on physical data location. The chapter investigates this twofold dynamic by focusing particularly on the current friction between the EU data protection approach and the data privacy model of the United States (US) in the field of cloud computing.
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Yang, Ju, and Tinglu Guo. "The Impact of Sino-US Trade Frictions on Foreign Trade in the Yangtze River Delta Region." In Atlantis Highlights in Intelligent Systems, 89–99. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-030-5_11.
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Cao, Wenting. "The β Coefficient and Chow Stability Test of Chinese Foreign Trade Stocks Under the Sino-US Trade War." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 230–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34387-3_28.
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Lee, John. "‘Overtaking on the Curve’? Defense AI in China." In Contributions to Security and Defence Studies, 465–86. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_21.
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AbstractChina has a clear focus on AI’s importance to the future military balance, and a well-developed and resourced system for developing relevant technologies. Yet by the judgment of seemingly most Chinese and many foreign analysts, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) remains far from implementing revolutionary uses of defense AI and is still grappling with institutional reforms and the demands of joint operations.But Chinese thinkers are working through the possibilities for AI to provide both symmetric and asymmetric tools for high-end conflict. China is already applying AI for military logistics optimization, training simulation and wargaming and weapons development. AI’s utility for data processing, decision support and enhanced command and control (C2) provides a path to the information dominance prized by Chinese military theory. Beyond current frameworks for kinetic and cyber operations, Chinese theorists are exploring new applications for AI such as intelligent systems and cognitive warfare.The Chinese Communist Party follows a materialist conception of human development and wields authority over all social institutions in China, including the PLA. Official judgments about AI’s structural importance, and of the need for China to be equipped for long-term strategic competition with the US, are thus unlikely to change. China is leveraging its dynamic civilian economy to boost defense AI development, within the larger context of a national drive for the commanding heights of AI and other emerging technologies.Whether methods that have worked as part of an integrated global economy can still deliver results under growing “decoupling” pressures from the US remains to be seen. The US in late 2022 introduced export controls targeting China’s access to advanced semiconductors, which were expressly justified by the imperative to constrain Chinese advances in defense AI.But China’s internal means for AI development are now sufficiently robust that analysts of military and strategic global affairs will find it imperative to watch this space, even as it becomes increasingly opaque.
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Foley, Michael. "7. The foreign policy process: executive, Congress, intelligence." In US Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199585816.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the U.S. foreign policy process which encompasses the executive, Congress, and intelligence. It first considers American foreign policy as a primary agency of government adaptation before discussing the role of the executive as the lead agency of systemic evolution in response to foreign policy needs, taking into account the executive prerogative and judicial recognition of inherent executive power. It then describes the political and technical difficulties experienced by Congress in matching the executive in foreign policy. It also explores the ramifications of 9/11 and the war on terror for American foreign policy and concludes with an overview of U.S. foreign policy under Barack Obama.
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"US COVERT ACTION IN JAPAN:." In Japanese Foreign Intelligence and Grand Strategy, 65–91. Georgetown University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fj84fc.9.
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Del Pero, Mario. "The Role of Covert Operations in US Cold War Foreign Policy." In Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203498859.ch5.
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Luke, Christina. "Open Intelligence." In A Pearl in Peril, 78–108. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498870.003.0004.
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From the League of Nations’ International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) to the urban and rural planning of Le Corbusier and his colleagues, governments explored modernist templates and programs of social engineering, such as those presented in the Russian five-year plans and the United States Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). In this chapter, I investigate interwar and Cold War heritage through the lens of Izmir’s Kültürpark and the technopolitics of the Aegean-TVA. Grafted onto the face of the Gediz basin, the industrial heritage of the Demirköprü hydroelectric dam and irrigation infrastructure represents a window into the strategic nature of US foreign assistance to Turkey. Pivotal figures such as Ismet Inönü, Fezvi Lufti Karaosmanoğlu and Süleyman Demirel are discussed, as is the American consulting firm Tippetts, Abbett, McCarthy, and Stratton (TAMS).
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Jones, Matthew, and Paul McGarr. "‘Real Substance, not Just Symbolism’? the CIA and the Representation of Covert Operations in the Foreign Relations of the United States Series." In Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US, 65–89. Edinburgh University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748646272.003.0004.
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Meyer, Christoph O., Aviva Guttmann, and Nikki Ikani. "Which Lessons to Learn from an Era of Surprise? Key Findings and Implications from the Dual Comparison." In Estimative Intelligence in European Foreign Policymaking, 248–90. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399505512.003.0009.
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The final chapter answers the research-guiding questions based on previous chapters and pushes the overall argument further. It proceeds in three sections: the first is case study centred and asks which aspect made each of them particularly challenging to track, explain and forecast. It highlights as a common feature the unexpected and rapid interplay of three factors: (1) the growth in public resentment against corrupt and authoritarian governments, (2) the impact of new communication technologies and media platforms and (3) the willingness and capacity of revisionist state and non-state actors to embrace bold strategies to challenge Western powers and liberal norms. The second section compares the performance of the three polities and explores distinct and common strengths and weaknesses. The third section identifies lessons that are yet to be learned such as diversifying expert input and strengthening its local grounding, to design and improve specialised warning capacities, and the creation of more rigorous, independent and sustainable learning mechanisms. This chapter concludes by discussing the implications for the literature in areas such as professional and cultural biases in analysis, the differences between the US and European intelligence policy-nexus, politicisation and attribution of blame, and processes and preconditions for learning.
Conference papers on the topic "US foreign Intelligence"
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Florentina, Hahaianu, and Loredana Manasia. "LEARNING ARCHITECTURE TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN A COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE USE OF CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-172.
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Achieving goals in everyday life is also related to emotional intelligence. If traditional education brings us the practice of training of regular intelligence, we assume that digital communities of learning could better focus on socio-emotional intelligence. However, experts in the field of educational sciences postulate an evolution from the century of individual to the century of community. Our approach is to build learning environments where participants can socially interact, build and manage declarative and procedural knowledge, but also develop their competencies in socio-emotional intelligence field by interacting with a Conversational Agent (CA). Learning architectures that propose one-to-one interaction (Learner (L) - Agent Systems) to learn foreign languages solve complex problems or situations have been shown to be effective. Researchers can identify substantial learning gains associated with the involvement of conversational agents. Our work aims to enrich the learning architecture proposed by E. Wenger in social learning theory with the presence and pedagogical roles of a Conversational Agent. In the context of this learning architecture, participants in the learning community become and act as learning agencies. Learner agency is feasible in educational settings, both formal and informal. This paper assumes that the size effect of the immersion of a conversational agent is augmented by the context of a collaborative multi-users digital environment. Additionally, we describe specific roles of the conversational agents derived from the core structure of the socio-emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills in order to illustrate the desirable properties of this new architecture. Our paper will further analyze the limitation of this architectures in terms of encountered of development difficulties.
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شریف اسماعیل, سركوت. "The impact of the foreign relations of the Iraqi state on the Anfal operations, (America) is a model." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/15.
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"The Anfal crime of 1988 was a series of political, military and propaganda campaigns carried out by Saddam's Ba'athist regime against a part of the Kurdish people.In this process, all the means of genocide were used, from killing, slaughter, arrest, expulsion and expulsion to the demolition of houses, burning of fields and gardens and looting of their livestock and belongings. The Ba'ath regime's excuse for this crime was nothing but religious and political propaganda that the Kurdish nation had deviated from Islam and had turned against the state These excuses were to justify his crime because the process was named after a chapter of the Holy Qur'an, which was Anfal. For such a big and heinous crime, of course, you have to make all the internal and external factors available before you start, because without the availability of both factors, it would have been impossible for such a big and important process to succeed Therefore, Saddam's Ba'athist regime had secured international and external factors along with the availability of domestic factors to a good extent, so it carried out the process in such a comprehensive and widespread manner. The United States, which was one of the most powerful and influential countries of the time, had a strong relationship with Saddam and the Iraqi government in all political, military, economic and other aspects The Americans, who served Saddam Hussein's regime in the success of the Anfal process, not only provided military and logistical assistance to the Iraqi government, but also provided intelligence assistance to the regime On the other hand, for the sake of the Ba'ath and Saddam regimes, he had cut off all kinds of cooperation from the Kurds and refused to even welcome the Kurdish representatives when they wanted to convey the truth about the Anfal crime to the US and the world.This was one of the reasons why Saddam's regime was protected from international condemnation and prosecution thanks to its cooperation and strong ties with the Americans."
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Čok, Lucija. "Multilingualism and intercultural awareness - virtual reality or immersive experience?" In Jeziki sožitja, jeziki konflikta. Ob 30-letnici ZRS Koper, 50-letnici SLORI Trst in skorajšnji 100-letnici INV. Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper, Annales ZRS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/978-961-7195-45-3_04.
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The starting point of the author’s contribution is her research and knowledge of contact areas that are characterised by historical circumstances and social peculiarities – the basis for the cross-linguistic and intercultural coexistence of the people who inhabit them. In this complexity of social conditions, the cultural and political value of languages is not a static feature for the author, but an achievement of historically and socially rooted practises of speakers, including discursive practises that give languages recognisable sign values and allow them to circulate in recognisable trajectories. Innovative solutions for language learning and use are necessary and required to successfully preserve multilingualism and linguistic diversity in these areas and to create intercultural understanding in time and space.They should develop composite abilities and skills that, in addition to multilingualism itself, promote critical and humanistic thinking, tolerance and heuristic curiosity, which are essential for survival in a global world. Globalisation, the technological revolution and, as a result, artificial intelligence have brought about new approaches to language teaching in the field of foreign and other language learning, based above all on the fact that it is no longer the place and tools of learning that are important, but the shortest path to knowledge. It is becoming increasingly important that curricula and teaching resources to enable us to learn flexibly, from anywhere, at any time and in any way. A comprehensive reflection on new approaches to educational and didactic culture that enables effective cross-linguistic and intercultural communication in both analogue and digital environments, opens the way to strategies that reject the utopian ideas of unnecessary living contact with language, but put into practice the laws of interpersonal communication, prevent the degradation of the diversity of cultures and enable the preservation of the humanist paradigm of our civilisation.
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Dev, Deep Suman, Aneervan Ray, and Joshua Austin. "ARIMA Model based Time Series Modelling and Prediction of Foreign Exchange Rate against US Dollar." In 2022 International Conference on Advancements in Smart, Secure and Intelligent Computing (ASSIC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/assic55218.2022.10088356.
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