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Sichei, Moses Muse. "South Africa-US intra-industry trade in services." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262005-124632.
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McGuire, Steven M. "Airbus Industrie : EC - US trade diplomacy, 1970-1992." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308873.
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Dappert, Claire P., and claire dappert@gmail com. "The US-China Trade: Capitalism, Consumption and Consumer Identity." Flinders University. Archaeology, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20091117.131742.
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Since the fifteenth century the rise of capitalism and the expansion of global trade networks have ensured that a wide range of consumer goods has become available to people from all walks of life. Paralleling these developments, our attitudes and beliefs about consumer goods have also changed: goods that were once considered luxuries have become commonplace in domestic households. This study celebrates the diversity of this material culture and the variety of symbolic meanings people attach to it. The US China trade, as a facet of the Spice Trade, is inextricably linked to the development of capitalism and long-distance shipping that ensured the movement of consumer goods to markets around the world. Inevitably, many of these ships sank and archaeologically their cargoes and the artifacts associated with their crew provide an opportunity to glimpse the development of our modern world. This thesis uses the shipwreck Frolic (1850) as a case study to discuss how those
involved in, and those who were supplied through, this trade used a range of consumer goods to construct distinct identities for themselves and those around them. This study also draws on a wide variety of source material, including material culture (museum collections and archaeological assemblages), images and documentary sources (courtesy literature and newspapers) to paint a broader picture of the US China trade and consumer society than any one source is capable of doing itself. This study ultimately argues that the range in consumer goods
associated with the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century US China trade is symptomatic of the increasing complexity of consumer markets able to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of a wide array of consumer identities, necessary under the many new social, economic and ideological relationships constructed under capitalism.
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Liao, Hai Yan. "Wage differential, education expenditure, productivity and international trade in US." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2147555.
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McAleer, John Patrick. "Constructing executive autonomy : US trade policy towards Japan 1945-1996." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417463.
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Mebratu, Ashagrie Kefyalew. "Does religious similarity influence the direction of trade? : Evidence from US bilateral trade with other 168 countries." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17478.
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Despite interest in the influence of religion on economic activity by early economists like Adam Smith, modern economists have done little research on the subject. In light of the apparent religious fervour in many parts of the global economy, economists' seeming lack of interest in studying how religious cultures enhance or retard the globalization of economic activity is especially surprising. In general, trade theories have given less weight towards the reason for trade explanation on demand side. As a contrary to H-O theory Linder had proposed a theoretically sound and empirically consistent trade theory with a new claim for the reasons why countries trade on the demand side. To fill this gap, I use international survey data on religiosity for a broad panel of countries trading with US to investigate the effects of church attendance and religious beliefs on trade. The beliefs are, in turn, the principal output of the religion sector, and the believer alignment to a specific denomination measures the inputs to this sector. Hence, I used an extended gravity model of international trade to control for a variety of factors that determine trade, and I used two regression methods, OLS and WLS, to exploit the model to its fullest. I find that the sharing of same religious cultures by people in different countries has a significantly positive influence on bilateral trade, all other things being equal. These results accord with a perspective in which religious beliefs influence individual traits that enhance trade and economic performance in general. And my attempt to magnify religion as a means to trade is only a derivation of Linder’s overlapping demand theory.
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Donato, Roberta M. "Globalization and trade relations the US and Brazilian orange juice dispute /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1141950268.
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Plant, Tanya. "Prospects for international free trade : the WTO, beef and US hegemony." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273315.
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Van, Wyk Albertus Maritz. "The proposed SACU-US free trade agreement : impact on AGOA benefits." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21977.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was signed into law in May 2000 by President Clinton to allow sub-Saharan countries to export designated products duty-free into the US. AGOA is a temporary measure that is non-reciprocal and not negotiated by the participating parties. The initiative was launched to liberalise the markets of developing countries on the road to become integrated in the global economy. The initial success of AGOA was limited, with only a few countries making use of AGOA to increase their exports into the US markets. Problems encountered were high levels of protectionism from the US and the existence of technical trade barriers (including sanitary measures in agriculture) and nontariff barriers (including quotas). African countries are using shipment as the main transport for exports, and the US barred transshipment due to corruption that occurred in the past. The AGOA also made provision for 'special provisions' measures to enable AGOA eligible countries to export apparel and textile to the US. The export of apparel was very successful until the Multifibre Agreement expired in 2005, leading to relocation of apparel factories to lower cost bases. The real beneficiaries from AGOA are oil-exporting countries that make up more than 90% of total AGOA benefits. South Africa is the only country who succeeded in diversified AGOA exports. AGOA has been supplemented by AGOA II (extending the product range) and AGOA III (extending the expiry date to 2015). After the EU-SA Free Trade Agreement has been concluded in 1999, the US started with FTA negotiations with the South African Customs Union (SACU) to improve the exposure of US products to the SACU market and to decrease the trade deficit. However, the agenda of the FTA negotiations included second generation issues of intellectual property rights, trade in services, investment and government procurement. The SACU negotiators learnt some lessons from the EU-SA FTA and progress was slow. The extension of AGOA to 2015 saw a decrease in the urgency of striking a SACU-US FTA. Negotiations slowed down and the decision was made in April 2006 to conduct talks on a lower level. This breathing time can be used by the SACU negotiators to develop an aggressive offensive strategy for future negotiations, and to build competency against the efficient and offensive US negotiators. The US-SACU FTA must still be pursued to ensure that the benefits of AGOA are locked in. It will be beneficial for SACU if the different needs for all the SACU countries are addressed and the negotiations are done in incremental steps .
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Donato, Roberta Mourão. "Globalization and Trade Relations: the US and Brazilian Orange Juice Dispute." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1141950268.
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Xu, Yun. "Pricing to market and international trade evidence from US agricultural exports." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1158609695.
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Galligan, Robert. "The Effect of Credit Guarantees on US Wheat Exports." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2004.
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Thesis advisor: Richard McGowanSubsidies have played a significant role in the production of agriculture during the 20 century. While the western world gradually phased out protectionist policies for industrialized sectors of the economy following World War II, agriculture continued to receive significant support from the state until efforts were made to establish more laissez-faire markets in the 1990’s by the World Trade Organization. This paper aims to judge the effectiveness of these policies on one program in particular: export credit guarantees. By examining the effects of credit guarantees on US wheat exports through panel data regressions, this paper hopes to provide evidence of the effectiveness of recent policy in creating egalitarian and free markets for agricultural commodities
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
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Bramley, P. N. "US trade policy in the post-Cold War era : the North American Free Trade Agreement - complexities and change." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311122.
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Emadi-Moghadam, Mehrdad. "The quality, technology and welfare effects of VERs in the US automobile industry, 1975-1991 : the case for trade-cum-industrial policy in correcting the US trade deficit." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308582.
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Kaya, Ayse. "Rival globalizations? : an analysis of US-EU post-Cold War trade disputes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2695/.
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This dissertation examines how the USA and the EU shape, or try to shape, globalization in divergent ways. In other words, it seeks to understand whether the two powers produce rival globalizations. Towards this end, the thesis utilizes US- EU trade disputes at the World Trade Organization (WTO) as case studies. The WTO provides a good basis to study the manifestations of globalizations. Moreover, WTO disputes provide for good data-the documentation on the disputes illuminates the positions of the USA and the EU in a dispute. The two specific disputes the thesis studies are the conflicts over bananas and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In addition, the dissertation investigates the two powers' bilateral and regional trade agreements (RTAs). While the first two case studies analyze specific disputes, the third case study investigates rival globalizations from a general perspective. The variables of analysis in the case studies are core of the dispute and competing outlooks. In operationalizing rival globalizations, the dissertation examines the two powers' impact on the WTO and explores whether the two powers utilize international organizations other than the WTO as well as trading partners divergently. In each of these case studies, the discussion investigates the assumption that two powers produce rival globalizations. Also, the dissertation examines how the two powers impact on globalization divergently. Moreover, the thesis enquires as to whether the presence of rival globalizations is relatively more pronounced in some situations. If so, it explores the reasons as to why this may be the case. The dissertation pursues empirical over theoretical analysis. Nevertheless, it was inspired by and relates to a theoretical debate. It relies on a combination of the transformationalist approach to globalization with a basic realist understanding of international relations.
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Han, Tianzhu. "Trade in culture under WTO law : case studies of the US, EU and China." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trade-in-culture-under-wto-lawcase-studies-of-the-us-eu-and-china(a68c6eee-a2a3-43ce-8fbb-a3b45e5a8652).html.
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Since the inception of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947, traditional trade barriers like tariffs and quotas were no longer at the heart of trade disputes under the multilateral trade framework. The economic interdependence trend has brought a number of social issues to the forefront of the international scene, and the conflict between trade values and social values have soon become the new theme of trade conflicts at the current stage. Hence, international trade rules were urged to address issues other than economic concerns, such as environmental protection, cultural value preservation and human rights. Clashes between trade liberalization and social values are harshly criticized for their alleged negative impacts on issues like equality, freedom, social justice, environment and culture. The World Trade Organization (WTO), as the only multilateral trade regime, is arguably extending its competence in dealing with conflicts other than trade issues. However, the conflicts are made more incomprehensible due to the absence of a clear and reconciled order in both substantive and procedure senses. This research is based on the aforementioned concerns, and focuses on the relationship between trade liberalization and a specific spot among the enormous range of social values: Trade in Culture. Departing from domestic regime, the research is going to critically evaluate domestic state of law and policies under the realm of WTO rules, in order to carry out their interactions with WTO regime. By analyzing to what extent they collide with each other, and the possible alternatives to develop cultural trade, the research considers the development of cultural trade in the way that is more responsive to the real problems of current restraints presented at the domestic level, so that implications to the WTO legal framework can be drawn.
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Xun, Lei. "The determinants of US outgoing FDI in the food-processing sector." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 121 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203563361&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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White, Bruce M. ""Give us a little milk" : economics and ceremony in the Ojibway fur trade." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64477.
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Yacob, Shakila Parween. "Competition and cooperation : US trade and foreign direct investment in Malaya, 1870-1957." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414557.
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Ricci, Aurora <1980>. ""Us" and "Them": The influence of joining a trade union in employment relations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2359/.
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Lee, Boris. "Assessing Made in China 2025, the US - China Trade War and Ways Going Forward." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1996.
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The thesis assesses Made in China 2025, China's plan to improve its manufacturing base in high tech industries, and the reactions it has prompted from the international community. The roots of the current China-US trade war can also trace its roots back to MIC 2025 as the US and other Western powers have complained of unfair practices such as forced technology transfers and myriad state-backed acquisitions of foreign technology companies. China justifies its behaviour with its "developing" status, but as it assumes dominant position in multiple high tech industries, that excuse seems to ring hollow. There are signs that China will start to open its markets more and adopt fairer practices.
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Bothra, Aditi. "Preferential trade agreements: building blocks or stumbling blocks - case study of the US imports." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16236.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Economics
Peri da Silva
Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) are known to facilitate liberalization with respect to only a few trading partners and thus they have been a topic of debate for the past two decades especially because their effect on most favored nation (MFN) tariffs is known to be ambiguous. We provide insights for analyzing whether the PTAs indeed hamper or support multilateral liberalization. Using product level official and actual tariffs we provide evidence from the United States (US) import data that the stumbling block effect on the US MFN bound tariffs is present only for goods that receive full preference in books or in actual. However, my dataset does not statistically support the stumbling block hypothesis in the case of Applied tariffs.
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Hoffman, Haley Marie. "“The Dutch Found Us And Relieved Us…” Identifying Seventeenth Century Illicit Dutch Trade Relations On Virginia’s Eastern Shore And In The Chesapeake." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1616444481.
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This study explores how illicit transatlantic trade relations with the Dutch in seventeenth-century Virginia can be identified through the material record. The research was motivated by recent excavations at a seventeenth-century plantation on Virginia’s Eastern Shore. Eyreville, as it is now known, was a hub of transatlantic trade during the formative years of the Virginia colony. The recognizable presence of Dutch trade goods, coupled with the site’s pro-Dutch merchant residents, prompted the investigation into material signatures of illicit trade on the Eastern Shore and the Chesapeake. The identification of these material signatures is based on extensive research into geopolitical histories, trade networks, the production and distribution of trade goods, and archaeological evidence. This is achieved through the lens of network analysis and structuration theory. Combined with a rich documentary record, archaeological and artifactual analysis illuminates the effects of European globalization, specifically conflicts such as the War of Three Kingdoms from 1642-1649, and regulations such as those imposed through the British Navigation Acts and by the Dutch West India Company. Considering the complexity of this historical context and the modes of analysis involved, a multiscalar approach/perspective is key to discerning how these trade relations occurred.
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Turkcan, Kemal. "Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Intermediate Goods between the US and OECD Countries." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04012003-144144/.
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The increased importance of fragmentation in world trade has created an interest among trade economists to explain the determinants of trade in intermediate goods. A substantial part of trade in intermediates between the US and OECD countries takes the form of intra-industry (IIT). I have divided total intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components. Vertical IIT is defined as the exchange of intermediates which belong to the same industry but which are located at different stages on the production spectrum. Horizontal IIT is defined as the exchange of intermediate goods belonging to the same industry but differing in terms of characteristics or technological specifications, which are technologically unrelated. Hypotheses drawn from Ethier (1982) and Feenstra and Hanson (1997) are put forward to investigate the intra-industry trade in intermediates between the US and other selected OECD countries for the period of 1990-1996.To test these hypotheses, I have utilized three-way fixed effects and random effects models. The results confirm the hypothesis that the determinants of vertical and horizontal IIT in intermediates differ. Empirical results show that horizontal IIT is positively related to the size of markets and foreign direct investment, while it is negatively related to differences in human capital endowments and geographical proximity. On the other hand, vertical IIT is positively related to FDI, while it is negatively related to economies of scale.
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Olayele, Bankole Fred. "Trade, fiscal transfers, diversity and the resource curse : evidence from Canada and the US." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82468/.
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This thesis examines various issues related to intranational and international trade, fiscal decentralization, trade openness, economic diversity, resource curse and economic growth – all within a Canada-US sub-national framework. Chapter 1 provides the motivation for the study and sets the stage for the various empirical-based policy trade-offs and insights arrived at in the subsequent chapters. In chapter 2, we examine the extent to which trade costs, modeled by distance and contiguity, influence the magnitude and direction of both east-west and north-south trade in Canada and the US .We provide an alternative framework which pays special attention to estimation issues related to unobserved heterogeneity, log-linearization in the presence of heteroscedasticity, and logarithmic transformation of zero bilateral trade flows. In all, this thesis provides updated results and garners further evidence in support of the home bias argument of McCallum (1995) and Obstfeld and Rogoff (2000b). Equally, our results uphold the Linder-hypothesis, but refute the Heckscher-Ohlin factor endowment proposition. Chapter 3 focuses on the relative importance of fiscal redistribution and trade openness in the economic growth analysis of Canada and the US. Using a dynamic panel of Canada-US data, we estimate the importance of redistributive flows based on personal income after federal taxes and transfers, and pretax personal income. We conclude that there is a clear incidence of “immiserising growth”. The coefficient of the interaction variable gives no evidence of fiscal transfer-induced growth across all four major estimators. Chapter 4 explores the diversity-resource-growth nexus. The first major conclusion is that the diversity measures employed are arbitrary because both the absolute and relative specialization measures, on which they are based, are arbitrary. We find evidence for a positive direct relationship for the diversity-growth nexus. Due to statistically insignificant coefficients, the GMM framework does not provide us with predictive power to test the resource curse proposition. However, through the fixed effects technique, we provide evidence for the role of economic diversity as a transmission channel of the resource curse.
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Ahlen, Lindsey. "The economic impact of free trade agreements with Asia on the US pork industry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20601.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen Featherstone
For the past 25 years, Free Trade Agreements (FTA) in Asia have been increasing. This allows for a potential expansion of exports into Asia for a variety of goods. However usually these agreements have not covered agricultural products. The most recent multilateral agreement currently includes agricultural products and agricultural trade. U.S. pork exports have been on the rise with Asian countries. Trade openness with Asian countries allows U.S. pork companies to gain a market in the region. This thesis estimates the economic impact that FTA’s and multilateral agreements have on pork exports, through the level of open markets measured by Freedom House. Using regression analysis, this research examines the determinants to U.S. pork exports, where trade openness is a major independent variable. Pork is a popular meat preference in East Asia. A regression analysis was estimated to determine the shift along the demand curve of U.S. pork exports to three East Asian countries, China, Japan, and South Korea. Overall all three countries showed their trade openness being weakly associated with the U.S. pork export demand to that particular country during the years of 1995–2013.
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Hoffmann, Petr. "The Impact of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership on the US and EU economies." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264036.
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This master thesis is focused on the Transtlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and its possible impact on the EU and the US. The aim is to examine the economic and geopolitical implications that could come out of this deal. Closer look on this issue should bring a complex overview on the most discussed trade agreement in international relationship in the 21st century. Comparative approach will be used for detail analysis. Thesis deals with the comparison with current state of bilateral trade between EU and US. In more details TTIP negotiations are being described in this thesis as well its basic concept, advantages and disadvantages for both parties and impacts on Europe and US markets.
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Trimarchi, Lorenzo. "Essays in International Trade and Banking." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/276459.
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This thesis consists of three chapters. The first two are regarding the political economy of international trade, the third is about empirical banking.Chapter 1 is titled "Suspiciously Timed Trade Disputes" and it is the result a joint work with Paola Conconi, David DeRemer, Georg Kirchsteiger, and Maurzio Zanardi. This Chapter is already published in the Volume 105 of the Journal of International Economics and it shows that electoral incentives crucially affect the initiation of trade disputes. Focusing on WTO disputes filed by the United States during the 1995-2014 period, we find that U.S. presidents are more likely to initiate a dispute in the year preceding their re-election. Moreover, U.S. trade disputes are more likely to involve industries that are important in swing states. To explain these regularities, we develop a theoretical model in which re-election motives can lead an incumbent politician to file trade disputes to appeal to voters motivated by reciprocity. The second chapter, titled "Trade Policy and the China Syndrome", analyzes how trade policy can be used to smooth the effects of trade liberalizations. The recent backlash against free trade is partially motivated by the decline in manufacturing employment due to rising import competition from China. Politicians in high-income countries have extensively used antidumping (AD) measures and other temporary trade barriers to protect their economies from rising Chinese imports. To estimate the causal effect of trade protection on industry outcomes, I construct a new instrument for AD measures based on the importance of an industry in swing states and the industry's experience at filing AD petitions. In this paper, I first show that trade policy contained the rise of Chinese imports in protected sectors, decreasing the annual growth rate of US imports from China in a range between 3% and 14% compared to the non-protected sectors. Second, I show that these protectionist measures have contained the "China Syndrome". In manufacturing sectors protected by AD measures, the annual growth rate of employment was between 2% and 24% higher compared to non-protected sectors. I find that previous studies that neglect the moderating impact of AD have underestimated the negative effects of Chinese import competition on US manufacturing employment by between 5% and 15%.The third chapter, titled "Bank Lending Standards and Credit to Firms during the Great Recession", is a joint work with Lorenzo Ricci and Giovanni Soggia. This chapter investigates the impact of unforeseen shifts in lending standards on firm credit in Italy on the onset of the Great Recession, using data from the Regional Bank Lending Survey to disentangle the effects of loan supply and demand.We combine our measure of change in bank supply with bank-firm loans retrieved from the credit register. Our proposed empirical strategy presents several benefits: it allows us to (i) estimate the impact of credit supply in the absence of an exogenous shock to banks, (ii) analyze credit policy throughout the sample period, and (iii) disentangle the effect of geographical heterogeneity within Italy using the rich information from our survey data. The effect of supply shocks differs across types of loans. A firm with a revocable credit line from a bank that tightens its lending standards suffers a reduction in credit growth more than if it had borrowed from a bank with unchanged lending standard. On the extensive margin, a supply shock decreases the acceptance probability of a new loan with a pronounced effect for term loans.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Wang, Yinan. "Handling the U.S.-China Intellectual Property Rights Dispute – the Role of WTO’s Dispute Settlement System." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1336224534.
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Ihenetu, Udoaku Camilla Searing Donald. "A tale of two countries an assessment of the EU-US trade relationship in agriculture /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1302.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science of. [sic]" Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Mathieu, Josue. "Fighting unfair trade, leveling the playing field, enforcing trade rights. The construction of trade protection in the United States and the European Union." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284624.
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The PhD dissertation studies the construction of trade protection in the United States and the European Union. It focuses in particular on measures of contingent protection, comprising anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties and safeguards. The dissertation adopts a constructivist approach based on narrative analysis: broadening the conventional scope of political economy research on trade, the analysis combines the study of narratives with the concept of ‘discourse coalition’. The period under investigation spans over the period 2010-2014, covering the Obama Administration and the mandate of European Commissioner for trade Karel De Gucht. Adopting a comparative approach of the US and EU trade policy, the dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the US administration’s and the European Commission’s discourses on trade protection, and includes an analysis of a large array of other actors’ alternative, or competing constructions of contingent protection. The dissertation demonstrates that a specific type of unilateral enforcement plays an underestimated role in the construction of contingent protection. It also emphasizes that policy actors consider contingent protection as necessary to convince people that the trading system is fair; the research proposes the concept of ‘discursive embedded liberalism’ to account for this specific construction of trade protection. The research underlines elements of continuity and change, showing that many elements of the current crisis within the international trade regime were already in the making in the period under investigation.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Michalopoulos, George T. "Macroeconomic consequences of the US dollar exchange rate movements for the EC economy : an empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305066.
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Huempfer, Sebastian. "Burdens of a creditor nation : business elites and the transformation of US trade policy, 1917-62." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35788251-ff21-4421-af08-4998a7f11bde.
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My research seeks to explain the evolution of trade policy debates among American business leaders between World War I and the 1960s. The key finding is that a new framework for discussing trade policy was widely adopted after the United States became a creditor nation during World War I. This framework related tariffs and imports to exports, international lending and American foreign policy. High levels of imports ceased to be a threat and instead came to be seen as a pre-requisite for high levels of exports and a well-functioning global economy; raising the levels of imports, including through tariff cuts, became a strategy for providing American allies and debtors with dollar revenues. This new insight into the political economy of American foreign economic policy is based on new evidence from the archival records of business associations and a wide range of other primary and secondary sources. In addition to bringing to light new evidence, my research also addresses some of the gaps that still exist in the literature on the history of the foreign economic policy of the United States, the Cold War and transatlantic relations.
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Mais, Tom. "Transforming development? : the millennium challenge account and US-Nicaraguan relations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14101.
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This thesis explores a relatively new and arguably innovative United States (US) international development initiative called the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA), which was launched by President Bush in 2004 as his flagship development programme for combating global poverty. Inciting transformational change, both in the delivery of aid and within the recipient countries themselves, lies at the heart of the MCA, which is housed in a new development entity named the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). In-depth semistructured interviews were utilised to facilitate the accumulation of rich and varied data, through which the rhetoric and discourses surrounding the MCA could be' challenged, contested and debated at a variety oflevels. This study critically engages with the MCA to reveal its core motivations and ideological underpinnings, through which we can better understand its origins and potential to deliver sustainable development in the South. In order to do this, specific attention is given to Nicaragua's involvement in the initiative; a country which has played host to a plethora of US foreign policy activities, actions and interventions over the years. An exhaustive exploration of Nicaragua's experience of the MCA is subsequently utilised as a platform for engaging with the core debates and issues surrounding the MCA and development discourse more broadly. In particular, the study's findings critically question the neoliberal model of development being promoted through the MCA and challenge the programme's ability to address the complexities of impoverishment. Part and parcel of this process involves examining the seemingly inseparable marriage between 'democracy' and market liberalisation in development, through which it is argued in this thesis that transnationalliberalism has been extended as the hegemonic ideology of this epoch and a polyarchic system of rule promoted across much of the South.
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Liu, Diana L. "Informing Trade Policy: Interest Group Influences on U.S. Congressional and Executive Steel Trade Protection." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1385561511.
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Gey, Peter. "Potentieller Wettbewerb und Marktbeherrschung : eine Untersuchung zum deutschen, europäischen und US-amerikanischen Kartellrecht /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/393452522.PDF.
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Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Gey, Peter: Die Bedeutung des potentiellen Wettbewerbs bei der Bestimmung marktbeherrschender Stellungen im deutschen, europäischen und US-amerikanischen Kartellrecht--Hamburg, 2004.
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Baronnat, Emilie. "The US and EC antitrust control of transatlantic airline alliances /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112599.
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The international civil aviation system is currently going through a transitional phase. Deregulation and liberalization of air transport services and privatisation of certain airlines have contributed to the modification of the aviation landscape. In this context, airline alliances play a crucial role. Both the US and EC authorities have been supportive of airline alliances because they believe that alliances have the potential to increase competition and to provide the consumers with benefits.The first part of this thesis intends to provide economic and historical background to highlight the reasons for the multiplication of alliances, as well as the political and economic circumstances under which competition authorities assess alliances. The second part of this thesis is meant to determine which legal regime is applied to transatlantic alliances, and whether alliances are assessed like agreements among companies in any other business sector. The third part focuses more specifically on the antitrust control of the Sky Team alliance which occurs in the context of the EU/US Open skies agreement.
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SOLOMON, Russel Keith. "THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIA'S TRADE POLICY-MAKING TOWARDS THE UNITED STATES." University of Sydney, Government and Public Administration, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/387.
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The purpose of this study is to explain how Australia has bargained for improved outcomes in its trade with the United States over the 1980s and into the early 1990s. This explanation is sought by means of an analysis of the forces which have shaped Australia's trade policy-making towards the U.S. in the five trading sectors of wheat, sugar, beef, steel and international air passenger transport. The study adopts a theoretical framework which postulates that state actors and institutions are principally responsible for trade policy-making and the concomitant bargaining strategies adopted to improve trade outcomes. However, a state-centred approach needs to be qualified by state actors' accomodation of societal-actor demands for policy action. While exogenous to this domestic bargaining process, influences emanating from the international political economy must also be taken into account. The relationship within and between state and societal actors, influenced as they are by international institutions and ideas, are critical to understanding the bargaining approaches made by one state towards another. It is argued that sectoral trading outcomes between Australia and the U.S. can be understood by reference to a bilateral bargaining process within each trading sector. Within each such bargaining process, Australia has, within broad bilateral and multilateral approaches, devised strategies by which it could mobilize sectorally-specific resources to seek to exploit opportunities and minimise problems so as to improve its trading outcomes. The nature of these sectoral strategies has been influenced by first, the nature of the U.S. policy and policy-making process; second, the Australian domestic bargaining process between state and societal actors; and third, and to a lesser extent, prevailing ideas and the perceptions of the negotiating parties.
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Lee, Hak-Seon McKeown Timothy J. "Inter-sectoral goods and labor market relationships, international capital mobility, and US trade politics in the 1980s." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,782.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Kaempf, Sebastian. "Wrestling under conditions of asymmetry: US warfare and the trade-off between casualty-aversion and civilian protection." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566047.
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Gardner, Mark J. "Restructuring social bargains : the politics of trade and labor policy in the US Democrats and British Labour /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10770.
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Grossen, Grace Elizabeth. "Agricultural Trade Performance and Potential: A Retrospective Panel Data Analysis of US Exports of Corn and Soybeans." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93225.
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There are a variety of international issues that disrupt the global trade market, an important one being national policies on the regulation of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. Many crops have been genetically modified for reasons from herbicide resistance to correcting dietary shortfalls. This study evaluates the United States' exports of corn and soybeans from 1998 to 2016 to identify unusual shocks in trade values. In particular, this study quantifies how the importers' policy stance on the GMO issue impacts bilateral trade values. I estimate a gravity model with both ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimations. Residual analysis is used to assess the difference between actual trade and the trade levels predicted by the models. The results suggest that anti-GMO policies reduce trade values by an average of 11%. The largest difference between predictions and actual trade values is seen in corn exports to the European Union. Between 1998 and 2016, this forgone trade in corn was valued at $52.7 billion, which is $2.77 billion per year on average. This value is similar to the annual average value of U.S. exports of corn to Japan in the same period, $2.46 billion. The results have important implications for the agricultural industry. For developing nations, adoption of GMO crops could increase productivity and help alleviate poverty. Ultimately, the decision to adopt is up to the consumer, so the factors of consumer knowledge and opinions of GMOs are not to be ignored.Master of Science
There are a variety of international issues that disrupt the global trade market, an important one being national policies on the regulation of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. This study evaluates the United States’ exports of corn and soybeans from 1998 to 2016 to identify unusual drops in trade values. In particular, this study quantifies how the importers’ policy stance on the GMO issue impacts bilateral trade values. I estimate a gravity model with various estimation methods. Residual analysis is used to assess the difference between actual trade and the trade levels predicted by the models. The results suggest that anti-GMO policies reduce trade values by an average of 11%. The largest difference between predictions and actual trade values is seen in corn exports to the European Union. Between 1998 and 2016, this forgone trade in corn was valued at $52.7 billion, which is $2.77 billion per year on average. This value is similar to the annual average value of U.S. exports of corn to Japan in the same period, $2.46 billion. The results have important implications for the agricultural industry. For developing nations, adoption of GMO crops could increase productivity and help alleviate poverty. Ultimately, the decision to adopt is up to the consumer, so the factors of consumer knowledge and opinions of GMOs are not to be ignored.
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Arancibia, Rafael. "Intellectual Property Protection for Computer Software: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Japanese Intellectual Property Regimes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9685.
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This thesis explores the reform of intellectual property regulation policies with respect to computer software within two advanced industrial nations after 1980. A comparative case analysis of the United States and Japan will provide insight as to how advanced industrial nations have responded to market forces, competing private interests, and international pressure for policy harmonization in the construction and implementation of intellectual property regulation reforms. This study will show that ideological and structural arrangements of state institutions have influenced the extent of liberalization in intellectual property policy, and the preservation of equilibrium between individual rights and public interests in the establishment of intellectual property.Master of Arts
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Sunaoshi, Yukako. "Collaboration on reaching understanding : interactions and negotiations in Japanese manufacturing plants in the US /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Roohani, Hammed. "Competing for the competition rules : the EU-US rivalry over the World Trade Organisation's (WTO's) Agreement on Competition Policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2019. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/82220/.
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This thesis examines the capacity of the WTO for fostering cooperation between the EU and the US for the Agreement on Competition Policy. Given the successful conclusion of two bilateral competition arrangements between the two states, as well as their cooperation on the same subject in other international institutions such as the International Competition Network, the thesis sets out to assess the WTO's impact - as the immediate underlying platform on which the interactions unfolded - over terms of cooperation between 1997-2004. The thesis accommodates its main inquiry using the theory of Neoliberal Institutionalism to test the fundamental claim that international institutions, such as the WTO, facilitate cooperation between sovereign self-reliant states by addressing cheating risks. The project further draws on the counter-argument put forward by Neorealists to furnish its maintained hypothesis over the claim that it needs more than enforceability of a deal to ensure cooperation. The concept of nesting institutions - endorsed by Neoliberal Institutionalism and Neorealism alike - was slotted in to help visualise the WTO as the catalyst of cooperation for the negotiations on a Competition Policy Agreement (CPA). The theory of Rational Design of International Institutions operationalises the research question. Using the WTO's internal documents of the negotiations as the main sources of data, the empirical findings of this thesis suggest that the WTO had a substantial impact on the quality of interactions between the two countries as they unfolded over time. The WTO, as expected from an international institution, provided a workable solution for cheating concerns as well. However, that solution in its own right failed to ensure cooperation between the EU and the US for the Competition Policy Agreement. The findings indicate that to remain relevant to intentional economic cooperation, the WTO must compete with other fora by improvising a wider space for possible enforcement solutions. On the theory side, the thesis suggests that a future research agenda over the international arrangements for competition policy must be informed by a revised understanding of the two rational theories of interstate cooperation, i.e., Neoliberal Institutionalism and Neorealism, so much so that the two are not substitutes but the former is subordinated to the latter.
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Bartošová, Monika. "Komparace přístupu EU a US k fúzím a akvizicím." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262261.
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This study aims to compare the EU and US approach towards mergers and acquisitions, both from a theoretical point of view (the historical development and regulation) and the practical one(comparing certain cases), identify their similarities and differences, explain it and evaluate. To achieve the goal, the method of comparison was used (especially control procedures and assessing relevant markets). It was also assisted by case studies (specific decisions of the competition authorities), thus that the merger of GE / Honeywell and acquisitions, Oracle / Sun Microsystems. The work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter approaches the topic in terms of their development and legislation. The next two chapters introduce the merger control in both systems. The last chapter deals with cooperation between the competition authorities of the EU and the US. Chapter also compares the specific cases in which both teams have decided differently.
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De, Waal Annari, and Waal Annari De. "The impact of global economic shocks on South Africa amid time-varying trade linkages." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40261.
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Trade of South Africa with the rest of the world has changed substantially since the mid-1990s.
The United States (US), which used to be the main trading partner of South Africa, is now only
the third largest trading partner of the country. South African trade with Germany, Japan and
the United Kingdom (UK) are also lower. The key reason is the emergence of China in the
world economy. South Africa did not trade with China before 1993, but from 2009 China
became the main trading partner of the country. Globalisation and China’s emergence have
influenced the trade linkages of many other countries in the world. To incorporate the changes
in global trade linkages, the foreign variables of all the models in the study are compiled with
trade-weighted three-year moving average data.
The foremost objective of the thesis is to determine how the changes in trade linkages affect the
transmission of economic shocks originating in the rest of the world on South Africa. The global
vector autoregression (GVAR) approach is used since one of its advantages is the incorporation
of global trade linkages, which facilitates the analysis of the transmission of shocks from one
country to another.
As a GVAR model combines many individual country models, the study first estimates such a
country-specific model for South Africa to determine whether it displays the expected impact of domestic shocks on the economy. This type of model is known as a vector error correction
model (VECM) with domestic variables and weakly exogenous (X) foreign (*) variables, denoted
by VECX*. The results from the VECX* for South Africa are in line with expectations, showing
the effective transmission of monetary policy.
The study then examines the impact of international shocks on the South African economy with
a GVAR model. The GVAR, which incorporates country-specific VECX* models for 33
countries, is solved for all 33 countries using global trade weight matrices at different dates. The
results indicate that over time South Africa is much more vulnerable to GDP shocks to the
Chinese economy, and less vulnerable to GDP shocks to the US economy. These trends are
however not confined to South Africa, and as such highlights the increased risk to the South
African economy and many other economies, should China experience slower GDP growth.
Finally, the thesis determines whether the forecasting performance of GVAR models is superior
to that of a country-specific VECX* model. The study compares the out-of-sample forecasts of
two key South African variables (real GDP and inflation) for five types of models: a VECX*, a
customised small GVAR for South Africa, the more general 33-country GVAR, simple
autoregressive models and random walk models. Better forecasts of both the GVAR models
compared to the VECX* model at forecast horizons of more than four quarters show that,
despite the complicated nature of the GVAR model with the inclusion of many countries and
global trade linkages, the additional information is useful for forecasting domestic variablesThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Economics
unrestricted
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Kube, Christian. "Immigration und Arbeitskämpfe in den USA : US-Gewerkschaften und transnationale mexikanische Arbeiter ; das Beispiel Kalifornien." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2766/.
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Migration ist ein weltweites Phänomen. Der Politikwissenschaftler Christian Kube betrachtet sie in „Immigration und Arbeitskämpfe in den USA“ am Beispiel mexikanischer Einwanderer in Kalifornien. Der Autor analysiert das Verhältnis zwischen Arbeitern aus Mexiko und der US-amerikanischen Arbeiterbewegung, insbesondere den Gewerkschaften. Er tut dies an zwei Fallbeispielen, in denen Gewerkschaften versuchten bzw. versuchen, in Kalifornien transnationale Arbeiter zu organisieren: Zum einen wird das Los Angeles Manufacturing Project (LAMAP) betrachtet, zum anderen der immer noch andauernde Arbeitskampf in der Mandelfabrik Blue Diamond Growers (BDG) in Sacramento/Kalifornien. Abschließend wird die Frage beantwortet, ob die traditionellen Gewerkschaften der USA für die Interessenvertretung und Integration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund im Niedriglohnsektor geeignet sind. Christian Kube ist der Ansicht, dass sie einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Organisation transnationaler Arbeiter leisten müssen, da es derzeit keine annähernd so mitgliederstarken Institutionen wie die Gewerkschaften in den USA gibt.
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Boring, Anne. "L'influence de l'industrie pharmaceutique sur la politique commerciale des Etats-Unis : the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on US trade policy." Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090029.
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Cortes-Lobos, Rodrigo. "Nanotechnology research in the US agri-food sectoral system of innovation: toward sustainable development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47541.
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Nanotechnology, the scientific study of manipulating matter on an atomic scale (1 to 100 nanometers) that provides new properties in materials and devices had received considerable research attention and public funding support during the last decade in the US. This emerging technology promises to improve the competitiveness of most of the US industrial sectors. Malerba (2004) an innovation system researcher has developed the theoretical framework "Sectoral System of Innovation (SSI)" to study the process by which new technologies and knowledge are produced and transferred to industrial sectors, where actors interact based on an institutional framework to generate innovation processes.
In this dissertation I studied the agriculture and food processing sector, which is a key sector of the US economy that has provided with enough food for the US population, but in an unsustainable way that has harmed the environment, natural resources and human health. The US agrifood sector is facing new challenges of increasing food demand, which need to be addressed in a more sustainable way that takes consideration on economic, environment, and social aspects. The main questions that this dissertation research focuses on studying how much attention the public nanotechnology agrifood research agenda has paid to sustainability issues during the last decade in the US and what role has played the system's actors in influencing this research agenda. The analysis of the policy process in which system's actors try to influence the research agenda is framed in the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Sabatier 1993) that complemented the Sectoral System of Innovation approach in studying the formation of advocacy groups to achieve their coalition's policy goals.
Three data sources were utilized to achieve my research goals, the CNS-ASU nanotechnology publications dataset 2000-2010(Porter A, Youtie J et al. 2007; De Bellis 2009)which was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the agrifood nanotechnology research publications in the US, semi-structured interviews with key actors and their interaction in advocacy coalition groups, and a literature review of several official documents and public hearing with respect to the US nanotechnology system to evaluate the influence of advocacy groups in the policy process. Utilizing Vantage point data mining and Nvivo qualitative analysis software I conducted the data analysis of my research. The results show increasing research attention toward environmental research and food safety issues that can indirectly impact positively on sustainability development, as well as increasing research attention in studying environmental, health and safety issues (EHS) that can reduce potential risks.
The analysis of actors' interaction to influence the policy process, two advocacy coalitions was identified. On one side, a coalition that advocate for more research funding oriented to applied research to achieve the potential that this coalition members believe this technology has to revolutionize the way food is produced giving more competitiveness to the US agrifood sector, this coalition is composed by researchers, federal agency managers and industry representatives. On the other side, a rival coalition that raise concerns respect to potential risks associated to this technology that required to be addressed by the public research agenda. This coalition mainly composed by environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other social actors claim for a regulatory framework that guarantee a nanotechnology development environmental friendly that benefit the society.
The influence of these two coalitions have succeed in allocating more federal funding resources to research nanotechnology in the agrifood sector, with particular emphasis in EHS research that show the right path to a sustainable development that guarantee enough resources for the future generations.