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1

Alessandria, George, Joseph P. Kaboski, and Virgiliu Midrigan. "US Trade and Inventory Dynamics." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.303.

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We examine the source of the large fall and rebound in US trade in the recent recession. While trade fell and rebounded more than expenditures or production of traded goods, we find that relative to the magnitude of the downturn, these trade fluctuations were in line with those in previous business cycle fluctuations. We argue that the high volatility of trade is attributed to more severe inventory management considerations of firms involved in international trade. We present empirical evidence for autos as well as at the aggregate level that the adjustment of inventory holdings help explain these fluctuations in trade.
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2

Kashyap, Usha, and Neha Bothra. "Sino-US Trade and Trade War." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.879180.

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Trade has been one of the most primary reasons behind economic association. Cross-border trade not only makes the markets cost-efficient but rather also brings up a higher degree of specialization to the respective nations. Bilateral trades have proven to be quintessential to both sides of the deal. However, on a parallel front, every economy has a self-interest toward the domestic produce, and they also try to defend their local manufacturers from cross-border competition. The United States has an “America-first” policy. Whenever the United States imposes tariffs and duties, similar responses have been observed by China. These moves are an area of great concern for global trade. The impact is often visible on the rest of the world. A trade-off exists between domestic economic growth and favored imports. This study is an attempt to discuss the trade relations between the United States and China and how this has led to a trade war. The trade tensions between the United States and China may continue for a few more years. There is a battle for economic supremacy and global leadership. This study explains why the United States is increasing tariffs on Chinese goods and how China is retaliating. This US–China trade war has affected not only the two economies but also the world economy. This study elucidates the repercussions of trade war on the international supply chain and the countries of the European Union. This study has also endeavored to discuss the impact of this trade war on the Indian economy. It is a golden opportunity for India to increase exports to China, the United States, and Europe.
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Hyung-Jin Jung. "Trade and Labor : US trade laws." KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY LAW JOURNAL ll, no. 29 (December 2008): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17248/knulaw..29.200812.285.

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4

Hauk, William R. "Trade restriction indices and US trade policy." Applied Economics Letters 19, no. 8 (September 9, 2011): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2011.605347.

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5

Schnöring, Thomas. "Telecommunications — International trade and US trade policy." Intereconomics 21, no. 5 (September 1986): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02926980.

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6

Gaff, Brian M., David J. Levine, and Raymond Gabriel. "Understanding US Trade Controls." Computer 46, no. 11 (November 2013): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2013.401.

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7

Islam, Faridul, Aviral Kumar Tiwari, and Muhammad Shahbaz. "Indo-US Bilateral Trade." Indian Economic Journal 64, no. 1-4 (March 2016): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466216653505.

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8

Liew, Leong H. "US Trade Deficits and Sino-US Relations." Journal of Contemporary Asia 40, no. 4 (November 2010): 656–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2010.507051.

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9

Shi, Jiandong. "Sino-US Trade Imbalance and Sino-US Economic Gap." Gazdaság és Társadalom 13, no. 1 (2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21637/gt.2020.1.01.

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Since the Sino-US trade imbalance is regarded as the core content of the global economic imbalance, it has always been controversial and caused frequent bilateral trade disputes and frictions. Superficially it seems that China has gained tremendous trade benefits from China's huge surplus with the United States, which is also a significant cause for China's rapid economic growth. However, from the results of other scholars, it does not seem to be this. Actually, China is at a disadvantage in the distribution of trade benefits, which makes the economic gap between China and the United States widening. This paper aims to explain this phenomenon by judging the distribution of trade benefits from the overall impact of trade on a country's economy.
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10

Weyerbrock, Silvia, and Tian Xia. "Technical trade barriers in US/Europe agricultural trade." Agribusiness 16, no. 2 (2000): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6297(200021)16:2<235::aid-agr7>3.0.co;2-n.

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11

Parr Rosson, C., Ernest E. Davis, Amy Angel, and Eduardo Segarra. "Free trade impacts on US—Mexican meat trade." Agribusiness 9, no. 2 (March 1993): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199303)9:2<159::aid-agr2720090206>3.0.co;2-a.

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12

Zysman, John. "US power, trade and technology." International Affairs 67, no. 1 (January 1991): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621220.

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13

Hung, Juann, Matt Salomon, and Stacia Sowerby. "International trade and US productivity." Research in International Business and Finance 18, no. 1 (April 2004): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2004.02.005.

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14

Anderson, G. Christopher. "US shuts down monkey trade." Nature 344, no. 6265 (March 1990): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344369b0.

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15

Sharma, Kavita A. "Canada-US Free Trade Agreement." Foreign Trade Review 23, no. 2 (July 1988): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515880207.

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16

Hocking, Brian. "Canada‐US freer trade negotiations." Round Table 75, no. 300 (October 1986): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453777.

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17

KRUGMAN, PAUL R. "THE PERSISTENT US TRADE DEFICIT." Australian Economic Papers 27, no. 51 (December 1988): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1988.tb00676.x.

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18

Bernard, Andrew B., J. Bradford Jensen, Stephen J. Redding, and Peter K. Schott. "The Margins of US Trade." American Economic Review 99, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.487.

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19

Murthy, K. V. Bhanu. "US–China Trade Disputes: Studying Long-Term Trade Patterns." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.942734.

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US–China economic ties have expanded substantially since China began reforming its economy and liberalizing its trade regime in the late 1970s. Total US–China merchandise trade rose from $2 billion in 1979 (when China’s economic reforms began) to $636 billion in 2017. China is currently the United States’ largest merchandise trading partner, its third-largest export market, and its biggest source of imports. There are multiple areas of disagreement that preceded the trade war. One ground is that China is buying off American assets. It is also alleged that China violates US patent rights. It is also stated by United States that China has restrictions on US companies entering certain areas in production in China. The scale at which US–China trade patterns are changing and ownership patterns of both countries’ MNCs are changing results in a mystification of trade data due to intra-firm trade imports and exports. This may be a major reason why apparent trade patterns do not clearly serve as a guide for commenting on policy wars. This study examines the patterns in the US–China exports, mutual imports, and current account balances over a nearly 25-year period, to form a view about whether the trade war is justified. The general methodology in this paper has been to use a set of semi-log growth equations that enable comparison of various trade-related variables between the United States and China. The method focuses on the long-term patterns before and after global financial crisis (GFC), in the two countries, with the help of a standard dummy variable model. In conclusion, the US claims seem to be unfounded when studied through the lens of long-term trade patterns between the two countries. China’s export performance is much better. The United States’ dependence on imports from China has fallen drastically. Finally, the current balance of payments (BoP) of the United States continues to remain highly negative; whereas, in spite of the setback due to the GFC, China’s BoP position all along continues to be positive.
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20

Kovačević, Radovan. "US-Japan trade negotiations for new bilateral trade agreement." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 1, no. 1 (2019): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp1901309k.

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21

Kireyev, Alexei, and Andrei Leonidov. "Twin trade shocks: Spillovers from US-China trade tensions." International Economics 167 (October 2021): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2021.05.007.

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22

Le, Lan Anh. "Trade Impacts Of The Us Anti-Dumping Actions: A Case Study Of Vietnam." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 04 (April 22, 2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue04-17.

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Anti-dumping is among of the important trade protection measures that imported countries use against oversea enterprises. The United States is considered one of the most countries use anti-dumping measures to protect the domestic product market from the foreign competitors exporting identical or similar products into the US market. Vietnam’s exporters also have to face the US anti-dumping investigations, becoming a barrier to the favorable trade flow from Vietnam to the United States. This article uses the data on trade between the US and Vietnam for many years to takes a close look at the importance of promoting and developing bilateral trade between the two countries; as well as point out the remarkable changes of Vietnam’s export to the US before and after initiating anti-dumping investigations. Based on the importance of bilateral trade cooporation and the impacts of the US anti-dumping actions to Vietnam’s export, this article gives several implications to Vietnamese exporters to avoid the US antidumping investigations.
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23

Lv, Rong Sheng, and Chun Hui Wang. "A Comparative Study between Sino-US and Japan-US Trade Frictions with Big Data Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4950.

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China and the United States are the two largest economies in the world, and there is a strong complementarily between their economies, so the volume of their bilateral trade is also very large. However, with the development of trade exchanges, bilateral trade friction also intensifies; especially in recent years, American trade deficit with China has grown very rapidly. In order to reverse the situation, the United States launched several trade litigations and implemented tough trade sanctions against China. It led to trade disputes between the two countries, which seriously damaged the healthy development of Sino-US relation. So we compares the similarities and differences between the two trade frictions, pointing out both valuable experience and negative lessons from Japan in handling Japan-US trade friction, so as to provide reference to China for easing Sino-US trade friction.
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24

Jiang, Xiandeng, and Yanlin Shi. "Does US partisan conflict affect US–China bilateral trade?" International Review of Economics & Finance 69 (September 2020): 1117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.12.005.

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25

Sumaila, U. R., D. Zeller, L. Hood, M. L. D. Palomares, Y. Li, and D. Pauly. "Illicit trade in marine fish catch and its effects on ecosystems and people worldwide." Science Advances 6, no. 9 (February 2020): eaaz3801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3801.

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Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing is widespread; it is therefore likely that illicit trade in marine fish catch is also common worldwide. We combine ecological-economic databases to estimate the magnitude of illicit trade in marine fish catch and its impacts on people. Globally, between 8 and 14 million metric tons of unreported catches are potentially traded illicitly yearly, suggesting gross revenues of US$9 to US$17 billion associated with these catches. Estimated loss in annual economic impact due to the diversion of fish from the legitimate trade system is US$26 to US$50 billion, while losses to countries’ tax revenues are between US$2 and US$4 billion. Country-by-country estimates of these losses are provided in the Supplementary Materials. We find substantial likely economic effects of illicit trade in marine fish catch, suggesting that bold policies and actions by both public and private actors are needed to curb this illicit trade.
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26

Shuai, Ch, and X. Wang. "Comparative advantages and complementarity of Sino-US agricultural trade: An empirical analysis." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 3 (March 29, 2011): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/46/2010-agricecon.

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By adopting the RCA, CMS, TCD, SI and TCI models, this paper has made an empirical analysis of the comparative advantages and complementarity of the agricultural trade between China and the United States in terms of sixteen major agricultural products since 1997. The results indicate that (1) the exporting agri-products of China and the United States reflect the characteristics of the resource endowment of each country; (2) China's agri-product competitiveness has decreased after its WTO accession, while the country's agri-export structure has been upgraded; (3) Sino-US agri-trade dependency continues to rise, and the U.S. relies more on China than China does on the U.S.; (4) China and the United Sates have good complementarity in the agricultural trade, which tends to strengthen after the China's accession to the WTO. Policy implications are proposed accordingly based on these findings.
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27

Ongan, Serdar, and Ismet Gocer. "The US-China trade war with increasing trade policy uncertainty." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 13, no. 2 (October 22, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-01-2020-0002.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the impacts of changing US trade policy uncertainty (henceforth, TPU Index) on US bilateral trade balance with China from a nonlinear methodology perspective. Design/methodology/approach The nonlinear auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, recently developed by Shin et al. (2014), is applied. This model decomposes the TPU Index series into its increases (TPU+) and decreases (TPU−) and creates two new TPU Index series. Findings Empirical findings indicate that increases in the TPU Index improve the US bilateral trade balance only in the short-run (no long-run impact). However, decreases in the TPU Index worsen the US trade balance in the short run but improve it in the long run. Apart from these effects detected on US–China bilateral trade balances, this empirical study draws the conclusion that changing trade policy uncertainty plays a significant determining role for bilateral trade volumes. Originality/value Decomposed TPU index with the nonlinear ARDL model enables us to examine the separate impacts of the changes in TPU+ and TPU− indexes on US bilateral trade balance with China. Therefore, this model may discover potentially concealed-hidden true impacts of TPU index on US bilateral trade balance with this country.
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28

Anusha, Tanneru, and Seema Nazneen. "India’s Major Trade Partners UK and US." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i3.3281.

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On the eve of planning the trade, the foreign trade of India with the US and the UK showed an excess of exports over imports from more than a decade. Foreign trade in India showed excess imports over exports. The trade deficit was largely due to the war pre-war and post-war. This paper is based on secondary data collected from commerce and industry and other various government reports and sources. It also demonstrates Indian trade from a global perspective. Indian trade with the United States and the United Kingdom and the relations trade terms are analyzed. The major sectors and products involved in the trade are studied. The Indian Institute of foreign trade promotes imports and exports trade terms and agreements and also envelops the full range of global business. Foreign trade policy or Exim policy along with simplification and merger reward schemes are studied. India’s trade for the past years was seen negative due to certain reasons. The trade analysis of India was done for the year 2019-20. The effect of India’s foreign trade for 2020 is studied. The world trade scenario in the recent estimated in the IMF.
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CHASE, KERRY. "Multilateralism compromised: the mysterious origins of GATT Article XXIV." World Trade Review 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2006): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745605002624.

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The GATT treaty's loophole for free trade areas in Article XXIV has puzzled and deceived prominent scholars, who trace its postwar origins to US aspirations to promote European integration and efforts to persuade developing countries to endorse the Havana Charter. Drawing from archival records, this article shows that in fact US policymakers crafted the controversial provisions of Article XXIV to accommodate a trade treaty they had secretly reached with Canada. As a result, the free trade area exemption was embedded in the GATT–WTO regime, even though neither the Havana Charter nor the US–Canada free trade agreement was ever ratified. Theoretically, the case is an important example of how Cold War exigencies altered the policy ideas of US officials.
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McDougall, John N. "The Canada-US Free Trade Agreement and Canada's Energy Trade." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 17, no. 1 (March 1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551187.

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31

Chen, Anthony W., Jim Chen, and V. Reddy Dondeti. "The US-China trade war: dominance of trade or technology?" Applied Economics Letters 27, no. 11 (July 26, 2019): 904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2019.1646860.

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Carmody, Chios. "The trade and culture debate: evidence from US trade agreements." International Journal of Cultural Policy 25, no. 5 (July 29, 2019): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2019.1626849.

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33

Rozalia VARFALOVSKAYA. "China's Foreign Trade Development amid Globalization and US "Trade Wars"." Far Eastern Affairs 46, no. 004 (December 31, 2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/fea.52933410.

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34

Tu, Xinquan, Yingxin Du, Yue Lu, and Chengrong Lou. "US-China Trade War: Is Winter Coming for Global Trade?" Journal of Chinese Political Science 25, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 199–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11366-020-09659-7.

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Görg, Holger. "Fragmentation and trade: US inward processing trade in the EU." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 136, no. 3 (September 2000): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707287.

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36

Abboushi, Suhail. "Solar trade tariffs." Competitiveness Review 24, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-06-2013-0061.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to survey the growth of solar energy worldwide, analyze US-China trade dispute in the solar industry, and evaluate the merits of US trade tariffs. Design/methodology/approach – The study surveyed archival data, publications by international organizations, government agencies, industry groups, and some academic research papers. Findings – Global demand for solar energy has been rising steadily and is projected to generate growing source of electric power. There is worldwide consensus that public support for solar industry in the development stages is necessary. The US Government provides generous support programs and subsidies to US solar industry. Accordingly, US punitive tariffs against China's solar industry on grounds of government subsidies are of questionable merit. Originality/value – This paper presents a concise profile of global solar energy and evaluates US trade policy toward China. The findings can be of value to government officials as they consider trade policies and their impact on the future of solar energy.
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Jacob Kosse, Elijah, Stephen Devadoss, and Jeff Luckstead. "US-Mexico tomato dispute." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 13, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-10-2013-0031.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical background of the tomato dispute, review the USA trade law and its effect on the tomato trade, discuss the role of the North American Free Trade Agreement and other supply and demand factors on increased tomato imports from Mexico and present a conceptual analysis of the effects of a Suspension Agreement (a form of Voluntary Export Restraint) on the USA and Mexico. In 1996, the USA and Mexico signed the Suspension Agreement which sets a guaranteed minimum price for Mexican tomato imports. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual analysis graphically illustrates how the Suspension Agreement affects the tomato trade for the USA and Mexico and shows the benefits and losses of consumers and producers in these two countries. Findings – There is no consensus regarding whether Mexico dumps tomatoes onto the US market. However, US trade law favors domestic producers, leading to the signing of the Suspension Agreement. It is shown here that this agreement has substantial welfare effects in both Mexico and the USA. While it was designed to protect US producers, it also aids Mexican consumers and may potentially improve Mexican producer surplus as well. Only US consumers unambiguously suffer a loss. Research limitations/implications – As the theoretical model indicates, the Suspension Agreement’s minimum price does help Floridian farmers but, if the rents are large enough, may also aid Mexican producers. If Mexican producers do gain, then quota rent is shifted from tomato consumers to Mexican producers. On the other hand, US consumers are hurt as well as tomato processing plants because they purchase fresh tomatoes for use as inputs. The higher price minimum after the 2013 agreement will likely intensify the welfare effects, and the addition of different categories with distinct prices is likely to have additional consequences for both welfare and trade distortions. Originality/value – As the USA and Mexico recently signed a new Suspension Agreement, this paper deals with a very timely and contentious trade dispute and contributes to the area of research international trade war. The literature on Suspension Agreements is also expanded by providing welfare analysis of both producers and consumers.
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El-Agraa, Ali M., Robert E. Baldwin, Carl B. Hamilton, and Andre Sapir. "Issues in US-EC Trade Relations." Economic Journal 99, no. 397 (September 1989): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233785.

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Ignatova, O. V., and O. A. Gorbunova. "US-China trade war: Russia's risks." Issues of Risk Analysis 17, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2020-17-2-56-65.

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The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of the world economy: the trade opposition of the United States and China. Due to the fact that these countries occur to be the largest economies in the world, their conflict cannot in one way or another be reflected in other subjects of international economic relations. The article analyzes the main stages of the trade war between the United States and China and formulates the causes of the crisis.On the basis of a regional approach and analysis of statistical data it became possible to make an assessment of the effects that the US-PRC rivalry has on mutual trade, investment and energy cooperation between Russia and China. It is noted that in connection with the trade conflict, Russian-Chinese relations are reaching a new level of development, the number of joint economic projects is growing. However, the confrontation between the United States and China brings not only opportunities, but also risks for Russia. The authors make a forecast about the impact of the trade war on the economy of the Russian Federation in the short and medium term.
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Brown, Drusilla K., Robert E. Baldwin, Carl B. Hamilton, and Andre Sapir. "Issues in US-EC Trade Relations." Southern Economic Journal 56, no. 1 (July 1989): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059074.

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41

Jain, Manjula, and Saloni Saraswat. "US–China Trade War: Chinese Perspective." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.895478.

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The US–China trade relationship has expanded immensely after China’s reformation of its economy and liberalization in 1979. A very huge amount of trade takes place between the United States and China in terms of monetary value and quantity. China benefits the United States in several forms other than just trade, such as US firms seeking investment opportunities in China for their assembly units. Subsequently, China holds a huge amount of US treasury securities, and purchases US debt securities, which helps them to keep their interest rates low. However, even after the development of such a trade relationship, the United States has certain concerns relating to China’s intentions. From the United States’ point of view, China is not involved in a fair practice of trade. China has imposed state-directed policies that bend the flow of trade and investment opportunities. Furthermore, the United States has allegations against China pertaining to the issue of intellectual property rights along with mixed records on implementation of WTO obligations, establishment of procedures for impacting the value of its currency and restrictions on FDI. The United States claims that such policies from China’s side make a great impact on the US economy and thus is the concern of the Congress. The current president, Mr. Donald J. Trump, has pledged to promote the free and fair trade policy. So his administration has taken some severe steps to reduce the US bilateral trade deficit. The president first announced the imposition of tariffs on steel and aluminum at 25% and 15%, respectively. To this action of the United States, China retaliated by raising the tariffs on various goods that are imported from the United States. Furthermore, the United States claimed that it would take actions against Chinese intellectual property rights policies that could be a hindrance to the US stakeholders. Later, the United States released a two-stage plan to impose tariffs on Chinese imports that would directly affect Chinese industrial policies for which again there was retaliation by China by releasing their own two-stage plan for American imports that would adversely affect American industries. This paper is an attempt to analyze the effect of the trade war between the United States and China and briefly discusses about the impact of this war on China and the probable measures implemented by the country.
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Ignatova, Olga V., Olga A. Gorbunova, and Olga Yu Tereshina. "US–China Trade War: Russia’s Interests." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.939744.

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The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of the world economy: the trade opposition of the United States and China. Due to the fact that these countries occur to be the largest economies in the world, their conflict cannot in one way or another be reflected in other subjects of international economic relations. The article analyzes the main stages of the trade war between the United States and China and formulates the causes of the crisis. On the basis of a regional approach and analysis of statistical data, it became possible to make an assessment of the effects that the US–PRC rivalry has on mutual trade, investment, and energy cooperation between Russia and China. It is noted that in connection with the trade conflict, Russian–Chinese relations are reaching a new level of development, and the number of joint economic projects is growing. However, the confrontation between the United States and China brings not only opportunities but also risks for Russia. The authors make a forecast about the impact of the trade war on the economy of the Russian Federation in the short and medium term.
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43

Singh, Gunjan. "China–US Trade War: An Overview." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.945413.

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The paper attempts to provide an overview of the ongoing trade war between the United States and China. The major focus is to discuss the recent developments and discuss a time line of the events. It also looks at some of the other aspects that are linked with the ongoing trade war such as the Foreign Investment Law, the White Paper issues by the Chinese government discussing the trade war, and the Huawei issue.
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44

Njiraini, John. "AGOA: The US—Africa trade dilemma." Africa Renewal 28, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/e995b746-en.

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45

Watson, William G. "Canada-US Free Trade: Why Now?" Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 13, no. 3 (September 1987): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550910.

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46

Lowande, Kenneth S., Jeffery A. Jenkins, and Andrew J. Clarke. "Presidential Particularism and US Trade Politics." Political Science Research and Methods 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2017): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.12.

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Abstract:
Research on presidential distributive politics focuses almost exclusively on federal domestic spending. Yet, presidential influence on public policy extends well-beyond grant allocation. Since the early 20th Century, for example, the president has had substantial discretion to adjust tariff schedules and non-tariff barriers “with the stroke of a pen.” These trade adjustments via presidential directive allow us to test the logic of presidential particularism in an area of policy understudied among presidency scholars. We examine unilateral adjustments to US trade policies between 1917 and 2006, with a detailed analysis of those made between 1986 and 2006, and find that presidents—in accordance with electoral incentives—strategically allocate trade protections to industries in politically valuable states. In general, states in which the president lacks a comfortable electoral majority are systematically more likely to receive protectionist unilateral orders. Overall, our results show that the president’s distributive imperative extends into the realm of foreign affairs, an arena in which the president has substantial authority to influence public policy.
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47

Deng, Yulong, and Feng Pan. "Dependence analysis of Sino-US trade." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1176 (March 2019): 042093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1176/4/042093.

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48

Swinbanks, David. "US increases pressure on trade issues." Nature 343, no. 6260 (February 1990): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343685b0.

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49

Co, Catherine Yap. "US Trade in Advanced Technology Products." Review of Development Economics 16, no. 1 (January 16, 2012): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00643.x.

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50

Rodriguez, Maribel, and Jacob Phelps. "Add conservation to US trade agreement." Nature 523, no. 7561 (July 2015): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/523410b.

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