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Khan, Mohammad Tanzimuddin. "The Nishorgo Support Project, the Lawachara National Park, and the Chevron seismic survey: forest conservation or energy procurement in Bangladesh?" Journal of Political Ecology 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v17i1.21700.
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The paper focuses on the operation of a forest conservation project, the USAID-funded Nishorgo Support Project, and its operations in the Lawachhara National Park, Srimangal, Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh. The project has instituted a collaborative management approach. The participants include both state and non-state actors including the Bangladesh Government, the USAID, IUCN, NGOs, and local communities. In 2008 Chevron conducted a seismic survey for natural gas in the National Park, which violated municipal law. This placed the Nishorgo Project in a dilemma over its declared goal of forest conservation versus the interest of the state and Chevron in harnessing gas. This article analyses the interplay of the actors surrounding this critical moment, and argues the officially declared values, norms, and ideational elements guiding the project should be questioned. In establishing this argument, this paper uses the concept of "accountability communities" coined by Kanishka Jayasurya.Key words: Accountability communities, co-management approach, Nishorgo Project, Chevron, USAID, conservation, participation, governance.
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El Khoby, T., N. Galal, and A. Fenwick. "The USAID/Government of Egypt's Schistosomiasis Research Project (SRP)." Parasitology Today 14, no. 3 (March 1998): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(97)01206-4.
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Alabi, Tope. "Evaluation of the Effects of “USAID- MARKETS” Capacity Building of Farmers on Rice Output in Kebbi State, Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10333.
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Poor yield and low quality of locally produced rice despite many capacity building interventions for rice farmers necessitated this study entitled Effects of “USAID- MARKETS” Capacity Building of Farmers on Rice Output in Kebbi State, Nigeria.Taking an empirical survey, the study comparedoutput and income of the project participants against the non-project participants. Using multi stage sampling techniques, primary data were collected from 240 rice farmers who participated in the training and 240 farmers who did not, through semi-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. The study revealed a significant difference between the output of the project participants and the non-participants. In conclusion, “USAID-MARKETS” capacity buildingsignificantly increased farmers’ rice production and income in the study area, however findings from this study also showed that there was a drop in these variables when compared to what was obtained before the capacity building project ended due to inadequate asses to farm inputs, extension services and ready markets. The study strongly recommends the need to scale up the “USAID-MARKETS” capacity building project in a sustainable manner, improve agricultural input sector and extension services in order to strengthen the capacity of rice farmers for increase output and income.
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Carpenter, Carolyn Louise. "USAID’S Assured Assistance: USAID’s Humanitarian Aid in Latin America and the Caribbean 2001- 2019." Revista Internacional de Cooperación y Desarrollo 2, no. 7 (December 18, 2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/23825014.4689.
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The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the largest donor of humanitarian assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A quantitative analysis of USAID’s disaster relief funding for LAC from 2001- 2019 was conducted to determine trends and effectiveness of its contracting. The findings demonstrate that USAID provides billions in assistance to increase foreign trade, but project results are ambiguous. The United States views short-term assistance programs as investments for long-term growth in globalized economies. It is recommended that LAC for-profit and non-profit organizations follow a similar strategy and capitalize on the assured assistance of USAID.
Keywords: Foreign aid; foreign policy; disaster relief; NGO; GO; contracting.
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Massoud, M. Rashad, Leighann E. Kimble, Victor Boguslavsky, Maina Boucar, Jorge Hermida, Donna Jacobs, Esther Karamagi, Nigel Livesley, and Mirwais Rahimzai. "Managing hundreds of improvement teams." F1000Research 7 (October 31, 2018): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16099.1.
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Recognizing the notable scale of USAID Applying Science to Strengthen and Improve Systems (ASSIST) Project activities and sizable number of improvement teams, which in some cases is close to 1,000 improvement teams managed in one country at a point in time, we sought to answer the questions: How do we manage hundreds of improvement teams in one country alone? How do we manage more than 4,000 improvement teams globally? The leaders of our improvement programs manage such efforts as though they are second-nature, without pointing to the specific skills and strategies needed to manage thousands of teams. This paper was developed to capture the lessons, considerations, and insights shared in discussions with leaders on the USAID ASSIST Project, including country Chiefs of Party and Regional Directors. More specifically, this paper seeks to describe what is involved in scaling up and managing large numbers of improvement teams. Through focus group discussions and individual interviews, participants discussed the key skills, strategies, and lessons needed to successfully manage large numbers of teams on the USAID ASSIST Project. We concluded that the six key components in managing large numbers of teams are 1) leadership; 2) management structures and capacities; 3) clear and open communication; 4) shared learning, collaboration, and support; 5) ownership, engagement, and empowerment; and 6) partnerships. We further analyzed these six components as being interrelated to one another based on the relationship between culture, strategy, and technique in implementing quality improvement activities.
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Iwuchukwu, Juliana C., and Chris T. Beeior. "Constraints to USAID MARKET II soybean production project in Benue State Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 22, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v22i3.14.
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Nwahia, Ogechi Cordelia. "ANALYSIS OF COST AND RETURNS IN RICE PRODUCTION BY USAID-MARKETS II PROJECT PARTICIPANTS AND NON-PARTICIPANTS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.1.1.
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This research work focused on analysis of cost and returns in rice production by USAID-MARKETS II project participants and non-participants in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 239 participants, and 252 non- participants for the study. Data were collected from primary source, and analyzed using Z statistic, Net Farm Income (NFI) and Returns Per Naira Invested (RNI). The result reveals that the Net Farm Income (NFI) obtained by USAID-MARKETS II project participants, and non-participants were N493, 067.55/ha, and N353, 408. 12/ha respectively while the return on investment obtained by them were N3.28k, and N3.05k respectively. There was a significant difference between the profits obtained by them. Therefore, this study recommended that the teaming unemployed Nigerian youth should be encourage by the government, and international agencies through provision of grant/loan to take up rice farming as a business.
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Schueth, Sam. "Assembling International Competitiveness: The Republic of Georgia, USAID, and the Doing Business Project." Economic Geography 87, no. 1 (December 9, 2010): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2010.01103.x.
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Loffman, Reuben. "An obscured revolution? USAID, the North Shaba Project, and the Zaïrian administration, 1976–1986." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 48, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.943135.
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Testa, Alberto. "Making Sense of Extremism in the Bosnian Football Terraces." Security science journal 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.1.1.2.
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This paper presents an initial assessment of the results of a four-month research project studying Ultras in BiH. This research contributed to the Bosnia & Herzegovina Resilience Initiative (BHRI) Programme (implemented by the International Organization for Migration - United Nations, funded and closely coordinated with the U.S. Agency for International Development -USAID) aiming to reduce the threat of violent extremism in BiH and to counter extremist efforts to deepen or exploit communal tensions.
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Miles, William F. S. "Deploying Development to Counter Terrorism: Post-9/11 Transformation of U.S. Foreign Aid to Africa." African Studies Review 55, no. 3 (December 2012): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600007198.
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Abstract:Since September 11, 2001, the aid component of American foreign policy toward Africa has undergone a significant evolution: U.S. security has come to rival development as an increasingly explicit rationale. Development programming and project implementation now contain a security dimension that is underpinned by Pentagon strategists working through AFRICOM as much as by USAID officers partnering with the State Department. This article argues that given the potential of terrorism for undermining development in Africa itself, soft counterterrorism should be envisioned as a strategic developmental defense activity. Making use of unpublished country risk assessments and the author's participant observation during USAID field mission consultancies in the Sahel, as well as the scholarly literature and relevant policy documents of the Bush and Obama administrations, this article explores the new agenda and grassroots dynamics of development projects as tools for terrorism prevention. It contends that policy and institutional responses to 9/11 have resulted in a greater convergence of operational goals among U.S. government agencies that in the past, at least according to publicly stated goals, had pursued distinctly different missions in Africa. Normative implications of this change are mixed. Because of differing expectations with respect to separation of powers, African public opinion, paradoxically, may be more sympathetic to U.S. military engagement with civilians for developmental purposes than American public opinion is.
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'Sullivan, Gael. "The Saathiya Trusted Partner Program in India: Meeting Young Couples' Reproductive Health Needs." Social Marketing Quarterly 14, no. 3 (August 26, 2008): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802261324.
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Saathiya, or “trusted partner” in Hindi, is an apt name for a new private sector social marketing initiative designed to help young married couples in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh make informed choices about how many children to have and when to start their families. Supported by funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), contributions from eight different pharmaceutical and medical association partners, and technical guidance from Abt Associates through the Private Sector Partnerships-One Project (PSP-One), Saathiya was launched in October 2007 at a press conference led by local government and civic officials, USAID, and the medical community. Program innovations include an intervention/control research design to track changes in family planning-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, expansion of the service delivery network to include traditional medical doctors, a “basket” of four different short-acting contraceptives that are cobranded with the Saathiya program, and a youth-friendly promotional strategy that employs a helpline, short message service (SMS) text messaging, and the Internet in additional to traditional channels.
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Suherman, Andri, Soesaptri Oediyani, Ika Handayani, Lia Uzliawati, Ina Indriana, and Darlaini Nasution. "Active Learning to Improve Fifth Grade Mathematics Achievement in Banten." Excellence in Higher Education 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2011.59.
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Teaching for active learning is a pedagogical technique that has been actively promoted in Indonesian education through government reform efforts and international development assistance projects for decades. Recently, elementary schools in Banten province received training in active learning instructional strategies from the USAID-funded project, Decentralized Basic Education 2. Post-training evaluations conducted by lecturers from the University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (UNTIRTA: Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa) suggested that teachers were successfully employing active learning strategies in some subjects, but not mathematics. In order to understand the difficulties teachers were having in teaching for active learning in mathematics, and to assist them in using active learning strategies, a team of lecturers from UNTIRTA designed and carried out an action research project to train teachers in an elementary school in the city of Cilegon to use a technique called Magic Fingers in teaching Grade 5 multiplication. During the course of the project the research team discovered that teachers were having problems transferring knowledge gained from training in one context and subject to other school subjects and contexts. Key Words: Mathematics, Teaching for Active Learning, Indonesia, Banten
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Ghiron, Laura, Eric Ramirez-Ferrero, Rita Badiani, Regina Benevides, Alexis Ntabona, Peter Fajans, and Ruth Simmons. "Promoting Scale-Up Across a Global Project Platform: Lessons from the Evidence to Action Project." Global Implementation Research and Applications 1, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43477-021-00013-4.
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AbstractThe USAID-funded flagship family planning service delivery project named Evidence to Action (E2A) worked from 2011 to 2021 to improve family planning and reproductive health for women and girls across seventeen nations in sub-Saharan Africa using a “scaling-up mindset.” The paper discusses three key lessons emerging from the project’s experience with applying ExpandNet’s systematic approach to scale up. The methodology uses ExpandNet/WHO’s scaling-up framework and guidance tools to design and implement pilot or demonstration projects in ways that look ahead to their future scale-up; develop a scaling-up strategy with local stakeholders; and then strategically manage the scaling-up process. The paper describes how a scaling-up mindset was engendered, first within the project’s technical team in Washington and then how they subsequently sought to build capacity at the country level to support scale-up work throughout E2A’s portfolio of activities. The project worked with local multi-stakeholder resource teams, often led by government officials, to equip them to lead the scale-up of family planning and health system strengthening interventions. Examples from project experience in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda illustrating key concepts are discussed. E2A also established a community of practice on systematic approaches to scale up as a platform for sharing learning across a variety of technical agencies engaged in scale-up work and to create learning opportunities for interacting with thought leaders around critical scale-up issues.
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Kokoye, Senakpon, Joseph Molnar, Curtis Jolly, Dennis Shannon, and Gobena Huluka. "Farmer knowledge and willingness to pay for soil testing in Haiti." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 1109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2017-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting farmers’ perceptions and knowledge of soil testing benefits and fertilizers use in Northern Haiti. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 452 farmers within 17 localities in Northern Haiti. The findings reveal that farmers currently have little or no knowledge of soil testing benefits and but know better about fertilizer use. The soil testing benefits and knowledge on fertilizers use were collected using Likert scale. Analyses were done using structural equations model and choice model. Findings Factors such as farm size, participation in project, rice, banana and cocoa growers, affect farmers’ perceptions and knowledge of soil testing benefits. Factors affecting willingness to pay include group membership, type of crops grown, whether farmer’ land is on the slope, his farm size and whether he participates in the US Agency for International Development (USAID) project. Knowledge on fertilizer use is influenced by rice and banana growers, fertilizer use, participation in soil testing program and AVANSE/USAID. The effects of both latent variables are found to be positive but non-significant. Practical implications As policy implication; farmers need training module to be better informed on soil testing benefits. Originality/value Soil testing is a novel agricultural input that is being popularized in developing countries. For sustainability of the laboratory to be installed, this study is needed to fill the gap in research on farmers’ behaviors toward and demand of soil testing in Northern Haiti.
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Ward, William B., Alfred K. Neumann, and Matilda E. Pappoe. "Community Health Education in Rural Ghana: The Danfa Project—An Assessment of Accomplishments." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 25, no. 1 (April 2005): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/v152-4248-2384-8440.
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The Danfa Comprehensive Rural Health and Family Planning Project was a joint effort of the Ghana Medical School, the Ministry of Health, UCLA, and USAID. A health education component was developed as an integral part of program inputs during the initial conceptual phase of the project. As a result non-equivalent experimental and control areas were designated permitting an assessment of program impact during a five-year period (1972–1977) for which baseline and follow-up study data were available. A new cadre of community-based workers (Health Education Assistants) was developed from existing health personnel in the country, and trained in health education and multipurpose health work. Although the HEAs were found to have difficulty in bringing about changes in health practices when other support services were not available, they did have measurable impact on villagers' adoption of family planning methods and a number of specific health practices.
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Anderson, James, Ibukun Alegbeleye, Wangui Gichane, and Azenegashe Abaye. "Senegalese Professors’ Intention to Engage in Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26108.
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The Senegalese agricultural sector suffers from an inadequate number of skilled workers. On January 24, 2011, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) launched the Education and Research in Agriculture (ERA) project to increase the number of skilled workers entering the agriculture supply pipeline. To achieve this goal, ERA provided professors with materials, resources, and the knowledge for incorporating learner-centered strategies in their curriculum. The purpose of this study is to describe the intentions of Senegalese agriculture professors in engaging in learner-centered instructional strategies. The theoretical framework guiding this study is Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior, which identifies predictors that leads to an individual’s intention to engage in a certain behavior. Data were collected using survey questionnaire. Agriculture professors (n = 40) from three public universities and two training institutes affiliated with the universities completed the survey questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to select professors from schools that had close involvement with the USAID-ERA project. Findings suggest that Senegalese professors are engaging or intend to engage in a few learner-centered (LC) instructional strategies; have a positive attitude but still suffer from cognitive dissonance; have some challenges with subjective norms; and lack adequate self-efficacy that is necessary for engaging in LC instructional strategies. Continuous trainings that delineate the positive outcomes of engaging in LC instructional strategies is recommended to resolve the cognitive dissonance that many still have. We recommend future studies to investigate the degree of influence as measured by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Keywords: Senegalese professors, higher education, training and development, learner-centered instruction
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Ginsburg, Mark, and Nagwa Megahed. "Globalization and the Reform of Faculties of Education in Egypt: The Roles of Individual and Organizational, National and International Actors." education policy analysis archives 19 (May 27, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v19n15.2011.
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In this paper we outline the history of institutionalizing pre-service teacher education in Egypt, and then examine efforts in the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s to reform faculties of education. We document previous criticisms of and proposed changes in teacher preparation programs, but note that concerted reform efforts occurred only after the Egyptian government in the 1990s focused on improving educational quality, including teacher preparation, and the World Bank and USAID also put the issue pre-service teacher education on their agendas – and committed funds for this purpose. We also describe how the proposed reforms of policy and practice (e.g., improving assessments of entrants and graduates, increasing a focus on practice versus theory in coursework, expanding the amount of time devoted to field experiences, and organizing “induction” programs to support and guide new teachers) reflected global teacher education reform discourses characteristic of the 1990s and 2000s. However, rather than treating globalization as a process without real actors, we trace how these ideas were promoted by many Egyptians and non-Egyptians (e.g., faculty of education staff and Ministry of Higher Education personnel, but also World Bank staff, USAID personnel, and members of the two international organization-funded project teams). In examining the planning and implementation of two internationally funded faculty of education reform projects, we explore the interplay between and among local and global actors and identify individual and organizational factors that enabled or constrained these efforts to achieve significant and sustainable improvements in the quality of pre-service teacher education in Egypt.
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Briggs, Lee R. "An Evaluation of ‘Process as Product’ in OTI Sri Lanka: A Typology of Community-Level Peacebuilding Activities and Programming Recommendation." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 3, no. 3 (September 2007): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2007.198228709405.
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This paper presents a set of best practices and lessons learned from a set of 93 impact evaluations conducted on community-level, small grants activities implemented between March 2003 and September 2007 by the Sri Lanka country programme of the Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It analyses the change theories that guided programme development and common trends in impact which emerged, and discusses ways in which programme staff can improve project impact. It provides a working definition of ‘process’, a key element of OTI's approach and a key concept used by facilitators to understand the work they do with groups and communities. It also delineates a general typology of peacebuilding projects likely to emerge in the community setting. Finally, it formulates a postulate for predicting and observing generic programme impact based upon the relative richness of process, which is considered useful for informing further research design.
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Stocks, Anthony, Manuela Ruiz Reyes, and Carlos Andrés Rios-Franco. "GIS and the A'i of Colombia." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2016070103.
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This paper presents the work of the WCS with the A'i Indigenous people in Colombia as part of a USAID-funded project between 2009 and 2011. The project had several dimensions that make it unusual. Unlike conventional “counter-mapping” attempts to represent Indigenous land claims as a counter to government representations, the project sought to create maps and analyses that represent prior land assignments to the A'i by the Colombian government itself. These land assignments were not supported by geo-referenced maps and, in the case of Indigenous “reserves” the original boundary markers were only known to the oldest of the A'i people. Analysis of forest cover in lands controlled by the A'i reveal that they are highly protective of forests; indeed their collective identity is strongly related to forest cover. The process described also illustrates the difficult position many Indigenous Amazonians face in an era of drug wars, uncontrolled colonization, and in the case of Colombia, the lack of follow-up to the political and social measures envisioned in the 1991 Constitution.
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Rushing, James W., and Gerald D. Christenbury. "Extension Outreach: Improving Vegetable Handling and Storage Systems in Russia." HortTechnology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.2.138.
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Through an agency called Volunteers for Overseas Cooperative Assistance (VOCA), funded primarily by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), professionals from many disciplines are recruited to assist less-developed countries (LDCs) with establishing new industries and/or improving management practices in existing businesses. We were recruited to evaluate the causes of postharvest losses of horticultural products in Russia. These losses historically have been high due to the limited availability of mechanical refrigeration and poor postharvest management practices. This paper reports on the success of an extension demonstration project in Russia where traditional storage and handling systems for carrots were compared to systems using improvements in grading and prestorage sanitation. An evaluation of storage facilities and recommendations for improvements are discussed.
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Dove, Michael. "Anthropology Development vs. Development Anthropology: Mediating the Forester-Farmer Relationship in Pakistan." Practicing Anthropology 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.13.2.dvl2505187523262.
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The Forest Service of Pakistan has concerned itself since colonial times largely with the production, protection, and extraction of trees in the nation's state forests. The only contact that its officers had with most farmers (except large landowners, with whom they had traditional patron-client relations) was to levy punishments for violations of forest laws or gather fees for the use of forest resources. In recent years, the state forests have declined in area and importance, and the need to increase on-farm supplies of tree products and halt resource degradation has increased. As a result, the Government of Pakistan, with the assistance of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), decided to change the basic direction of the Forest Service—away from state lands to private lands, away from commercial to subsistence or mixed subsistence/commercial production, and thus away from the rural elite to the small farmer. The vehicle chosen to accomplish this was the bilaterally funded Forestry Planning and Development Project, Pakistan's first major social forestry project.
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Armstrong, Paul R., Samuel McNeil, Naomi Manu, Augustine Bosomtwe, James K. Danso, Enoch Osekre, and George Opit. "Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Probe-Type Instrument to Measure the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 5 (2017): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12266.
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Abstract. Storage of grain in bags is common in Africa, Asia, and many other less developed countries making a bag probing method well-suited for moisture content (MC) measurement. A low-cost meter was developed under a USAID project to reduce post-harvest loss (PHL). The meter, referred to as the PHL meter, measures the MC of maize and other grains based on relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) measurements obtained by a small digital sensor located in the tip of a tubular probe that can be inserted into bags of grain or other grain bulks. Measurements are used by equilibrium moisture content (EMC) equations programmed into the meter to predict MC. A handheld reader connected to the probe provides a user interface. Keywords: Equilibrium moisture content, Grain storage, Maize, Moisture content, Moisture meter, Post-harvest
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Coyne, Dermot P., Eladio Arnaud Santana, James Beaver, James R. Steadman, Graciela Godoy Lutz, Douglas Maxwell, and Lisa Sutton. "A Disease Management Program Enhances Bean Production in the Dominican Republic." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 469D—469. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.469d.
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Bean golden mosaic (BGM), rust (RU), web blight (WB), and common blight (CB) are major constraints affecting bean yields in the Dominican Republic (DR). The objectives of the USAID DR supported project were to educate graduate students, improve research facilities and equipment, institutionalize the project, and develop a comprehensive bean disease management program. The project trained 25 researchers. A national center for bean improvement (CIAS) was established. Facilities for plant pathology, germplasm storage, and screenhouses were built and equipment and vehicles were acquired. The high-yielding rust-resistant red mottled bean variety `PC-50' was introduced and grown on about 60% of the hectarage. However, BGM became a serious problem with the increase of the white fly population (vector of BGMV) due to increased vegetable production. Under severe BGM, yields were low in plantings made after 15 Dec. The combination of the use of `PC-50', along with a fallow period with delayed planting until early November, reduced the populations of white fly, BGM, RU, and CB and led to a dramatic yield increase of beans and to self sufficiency in beans in the DR. PC-50 became damaged by a new RU race and a resistant line PC-21-SMA (UPR) was released. New bean lines with resistance to BGM, WB, RU, and CBB are being tested for release.
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Aumakhan, Bulbul, Astou Coly, Salwan Hager, Tamar Chitashvili, and M. Rashad Massoud. "Evaluation of the rapid, multi-country, parallel process, multi-tasking approach to startup of short-term technical assistance to improve service delivery in newborn and child health in the context of USAID’s Zika response in four Eastern and Southern Caribbean countries." F1000Research 9 (April 9, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22814.1.
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Background: In 2018, the USAID Applying Science to Strengthen and Improve Systems (ASSIST) Project started a new partnership with four Eastern and Southern Caribbean countries impacted by the Zika virus: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The goal of the project was to provide short-term technical assistance (STTA) to strengthen the health systems’ capacity to detect newborns and young children potentially affected by Zika and to address their health needs. To meet these objectives, ASSIST developed an innovative approach based on its existing model for service delivery improvement. This novel approach is known as Rapid, Multi-country, Parallel Process, Multi-tasking Approach for a Project Startup (RMPP-MAPS). An evaluation was conducted to document the STTA startup activities, to identify enabling and constraining factors, and to capture lessons learned. Methods: An external consultant conducted remote in-depth interviews with individuals involved in the startup using semi-structured interview guides and retrieved data from the review of project documents. Results: Using RMPP-MAPS, the ASSIST Project successfully implemented the startup for complex STTA in four countries within less than four months, spanning mid-May to early September 2018. Project milestones included achieving buy-in from stakeholders, co-developing the technical scope and materials, and rapidly executing critical operational functions. Dedicated project teams, country leaderships, and local champions were essential to overcoming the main challenges, which included a condensed timeframe, lack of in-country offices, and country-level factors such as a shortage of health care workers and a weak health infrastructure. Conclusions: The RMPP-MAPS is a feasible and resource-efficient mechanism of interest to implementers, donors, and low and middle-income countries facing temporal and financial limitations to rapidly addressing public health priorities.
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KEITH, JOHN E., and SAID OUATTAR. "STRATEGIC PLANNING, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, AND TECHNICAL AID: THE SOUSS-MASSA INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, no. 02 (June 2004): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001699.
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Government agencies, like individuals, can "lose sight" of the impacts of their policies on natural and social systems. Environmental impact analysis (EIA), strategic environmental analysis (SEA), and strategic planning are all aspects of analyzing and projecting the impacts of various management decisions on the public and on natural systems. Integrated river-basin management is another aspect of this type of planning. Integrated management requires several basic conditions. Among these are clear communications among all the actors involved in managing the basin's water resources, one or more sets of data which are shared by all decision-makers, and tools by which the decision-makers can evaluate policies (impact assessment). In the Souss Massa River Basin in Morocco, the result of un-coordinated policies for economic development has led to declining water tables as well as potentially damaging surface and groundwater pollution. The Government of Morocco (GOM), recognizing the need for coordinated and integrated water management, passed a law creating new River Basin Agencies. Aiding those agencies and their partners in developing integrated management is the objective of the USAID-sponsored Souss-Massa Integrated Water Management (SIWM) project. The project activities have been designed to develop and support communications, data sharing and model building within the institutions in the Souss-Massa Basin as a demonstration for all Moroccan river basins but space and time constraints require a more pointed discussion. The focus of this paper is on capacity building for strategic planning and integrated management being undertaken and, to the extent possible, some of the lessons learned.
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Navarro, Richard A., Estera Barbarasa, and Ami Thakkar. "Addressing workforce needs by disrupting traditional industry–higher education relations: The case of El Salvador." Industry and Higher Education 33, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422219875886.
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The authors analyze the recent undertaking in El Salvador to establish an innovative model of industry–higher education clusters that would facilitate collaboration between academia and the private sector – sectors that traditionally had not worked together because of historical distrust – to develop the skilled workforce needed for the country’s future economic growth. Under the USAID Higher Education for Economic Growth project implemented by RTI International, clusters were put forth as the platform for building sustainable partnerships between industry and higher education – facilitating dialogue, stepping into each other’s world and collaboration on curriculum planning, student internships, and applied research. The clusters have pushed Salvadoran universities to become more agile organizations, able to pivot to meet industry skills demands, and industries to recognize universities’ contributions to the creation of value for increased productivity. The El Salvador case is a collaborative multi-stakeholder model to meet workplace requirements for high-growth industries in low- to middle-income economies.
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Kingsolver, Ann, Sasikumar Balasundaram, Vijayakumar Sugumaran, Jennifer Engel, Timothy Gerber, Craig Spurrier, Colin Townsend, and Kristen Wolf. "Collaborative Research on Food Security in the U.S. and Sri Lanka." Practicing Anthropology 32, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.32.4.d261q84u132r32u4.
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The 2009 research project discussed here focused on regional experiences of global food insecurity, and linked students in South Carolina and Sri Lanka to explore a more affordable and inclusive means of transnational research collaboration. In 2008, there was a remarkable increase in food insecurity associated with the global economic crisis. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations estimated that the number of undernourished people in the world rose from 864 million to 967 million in just that one year. USAID (2009) reported that 37 countries were experiencing food insecurity at the national level, and that food prices had risen by 43 percent in 2008 alone. Catholic Relief Services (2008) estimated that the cost of basic staples in much of the Global South had tripled in just 18 months, and that the price of daily food requirements exceeded daily wages for many. There were food riots in nearly a dozen countries because of food costs doubling or more.
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Manzoor, Afaf, Muhammad Shakir, and Hafeez Ullah. "Unleashing Student's Perspectives on Novel Teacher Education Program." Global Educational Studies Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(vi-i).22.
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Bachelor in Education 4 years has been launched in the universities of Pakistan for the pre-service teacher training across Pakistan. This study was conducted to have the perception of students about the newly launched B.Ed 4 years program with the collaboration of the Teacher Education Project by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The enrolled students (n-40) of the B.Ed 4 year program were a sample of the study. An interview protocol was administered to have an insight into IUB students. Students' perception was taken in the form of their viewpoints right from the beginning like a reason for taking admission in this program, perception prevailing in their surrounding community about this newly launched degree and the university's role assessment in coming up to their expectations. NVIVO-11 was used for data analysis. It can be concluded that there are no doubts about the viability and marketability of the program in future.
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Syah, Sulastri Muhammad, Yulia Fitri, Bainuddin Yani, [None] Adlim, Tri Qurnati, [None] Nursalmi, Tasnim Idris, and [None] Sabarni. "Action Research on the Implementation of Teaching for Active Learning in Two Elementary Madrasahs in Aceh." Excellence in Higher Education 2, no. 2 (December 23, 2011): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2011.56.
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Teaching for active learning is an instructional strategy that has been shown to improve student achievement. Many of its advocates also stress its contribution to the development of democratic dispositions in school children. It has, therefore, become a popular reform intended to improve teaching and learning in schools around the world, including Indonesia, where it was a key component of training conducted in Aceh under the auspices of the USAID-funded Decentralized Basic Education 2 Project (DBE2). In order to gauge the extent to which teaching for active learning was being adopted in Aceh, a team of lecturers from Syiah Kuala University and the State Islamic Studies Institute in Banda Aceh conducted an action research project designed to identify the challenges faced by teachers attempting to teach for active learning in two elementary-level madrasahs as well as strategies that might assist them in that effort. The results of our research show that, while the initial training provided to teachers heightened their consciousness of teaching for active learning and inspired some to experiment with the new teaching methodology, teachers’ understanding and acceptance of active learning was still tentative and could be undermined without effective leadership and long term mentoring. Key Words: Active Learning, Teaching, Aceh, Madrasah
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Rodriguez, Lulu, and Juan Andrade. "Communicating Agriculture and Nutrition: Opportunities for Agricultural Extension-Communication and Advisory Services in Nepal." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25107.
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Meeting the dual goal of improving income and enhancing the nutrition status of Nepal’s rural residents is the mandate of the Integrating Gender and Nutrition within Agricultural Extension Services (INGENAES) project, which is supported by the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Feed the Future initiative. A landscape study that provided an overview of Nepal’s agriculture and the status of the country’s agricultural extension system (AES) threshed out a primary target audience—rural women. How can they be reached with nutrition information through the existing AES? The landscape study also identified 11 organizations as INGENAES collaborators. What opportunities do they offer to advance INGENAES objectives? Following Rice and Foote’s (2001) systems-theoretical approach, this formative evaluation study drew from the insights of project and program managers and coordinators, communication officers, representatives of non-government organizations (NGOs), extension officers, and editors and journalists of farm publications who work in the intersection of agriculture and nutrition in Nepal. Data were gathered from a survey of the chief communication and/or extension officers of these 11 partner agencies. Additional data were collected from evaluation questionnaires completed by project managers and communication officers of 12 government and non-government agencies who participated in a seminar-workshop on how to improve gender and nutrition communication. These two methods brought to light opportunities that can be used to enhance the communication and/or extension of nutrition-enriched agricultural information, especially to rural women. Recommendations for future communications work are offered.
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Djulia, Ely, Tita Juwitaningsih, Abdul Hamid, Roslin Siallagan, Parapat Gultom, Inayah Hanum, Khairul Anwar, and Nurul Wardani Lubis. "Active Learning in Language Study and Science: Transforming Teacher Practice in North Sumatra’s Elementary Schools." Excellence in Higher Education 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2011.48.
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AbstractAn action research project to investigate the implementation of active learning strategies to improve the quality of teaching and learning was conducted in three government elementary schools (Sekolah Dasar) in North Sumatra that had received training in teaching for active learning under the auspices of the USAID-sponsored project, Decentralized Basic Education 2. Three cycles of data collection utilizing classroom observations, focus group discussions, and participant observation were conducted in each school. Data were analyzed both holistically and categorily to develop a better understanding of teachers’ successes and challenges in teaching for active learning. Finally, an intervention strategy involving modeling of teaching for active learning strategies was designed and implemented by members of the research team in each school. Our results suggest that language and science teachers developed more confidence in utilizing active learning strategies in their classrooms as a result of the intervention. Students also appeared to respond positively to the new active learning teaching strategies employed by their teachers. We conclude that the DBE-2 training provided to these schools can be considered successful; however, more attention needs to be paid to concrete factors that facilitate or impede teaching for active learning in Indonesian elementary schools in order to continue improving the quality of instruction for Indonesian children. Key Words: Islamic Education, Active Learning, Religious Studies, Indonesia
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Phan, Mai-Ha, and Ha Quang Thinh Ngo. "A Multidisciplinary Mechatronics Program: From Project-Based Learning to a Community-Based Approach on an Open Platform." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060954.
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To face contemporary problems, international engineers must be trained in advanced learning environments and with professional skills and knowledge. Sponsored by USAID (US Agency for International Development), the Build-IT (Building University-Industry Learning and Development through Innovation and Technology) program leverages the vast capabilities of the implementing partner from Arizona State University and plays a key role as an innovative pioneer in converging personalities from various fields. A well-educated engineer can contribute to the sustainable development of society. With the aim of building community-oriented education, an integrated strategy was proposed in which a problem-based learning method is investigated to apply technical knowledge. In accordance with this strategy, in our proposed method, students from Mechatronics Engineering first had to work together with other learners in the electronics, software, control automation, and mechanics fields, followed by the design of an open platform integrated multi-disciplinary approach. By collaborating with their peers in developing this hardware, students become better equipped with specialized knowledge. This process also allows students to feel confident in implementing their innovative thinking while still maintaining the core meaning of the instrument. One of the key benefits of this approach is that helping students overcome their problems concurrently enhances the engineer’s function in the community despite missing some specialized skill sets. Based on experimental works using this open framework, the present approach demonstrates that pupils in our program have sufficient ability to contribute to social achievements. Lastly, the feasible, low-cost, and visually educational instrument made by the participants showcases the value of such a multi-disciplinary approach.
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Rangel L., Elías, Gloria Acened Puentes M., and Luis Felipe Rodríguez C. "An analysis at the technology level of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in the municipality of Tibu (Colombia)." Agronomía Colombiana 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.45931.
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In the municipality of Tibu, a process of strategic alliances was started for small- and medium-sized oil palm producers with the support of a private company, the International Agency for Development (USAID), and the national government, incentivizing the creation of small-producer associations. This project has performed well in the region, generating positive effects for the region's economy. However, it has been observed that, among the small producers, some have good productivity and others have low productivity. The plantations share the same vegetative material, Dami-Las Flores, which was planted in 2005 and now has 8 years of production. The survey was conducted in October of 2013 on each of the plantations. After conducting the survey and processing the information with an evaluation matrix at the technology level, it was determined that the general technology adoption level of these plantations was 72.6%. It is recommended that the plantations increase characterization studies of the soil, conduct topographical studies, suitably prepare the soil, and design drainage systems where they are needed based on the studies.
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Macharia, Denis, Erneus Kaijage, Leif Kindberg, Grace Koech, Lilian Ndungu, Anastasia Wahome, and Robinson Mugo. "Mapping Climate Vulnerability of River Basin Communities in Tanzania to Inform Resilience Interventions." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 4102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104102.
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Increasing climate variability and change coupled with steady population growth is threatening water resources and livelihoods of communities living in the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji basins in Tanzania. These basins are host to three large urban centers, namely Dar es Salaam, Dodoma and Morogoro, with a combined total of more than 7 million people. Increased demand for ecosystem services from the available surface water resources and a decreasing supply of clean and safe water are exacerbating the vulnerability of communities in these basins. Several studies have analyzed climate projects in the two basins but little attention has been paid to identify locations that have vulnerable communities in a spatially-explicit form. To address this gap, we worked with stakeholders from national and local government agencies, basin water boards and the Water Resources Integration Development Initiative (WARIDI) project funded by USAID to map the vulnerability of communities to climate variability and change in the two basins. A generalized methodology for mapping social vulnerability to climate change was used to integrate biophysical and socioeconomic indicators of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity and produced climate vulnerability index maps. Our analysis identified vulnerability “hotspots” where communities are at a greater risk from climate stressors. The results from this study were used to identify priority sites and adaptation measures for the implementation of resilience building interventions and to train local government agencies and communities on climate change adaptation measures in the two basins.
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Joarder, Taufique, Emily Evens, Theresa Hoke, Jennifer Crum, Ayan Seal, Enam Hasib, Ashfique Rizwan, and Amy Weissman. "Qualitative Process Evaluation of an Agricultural Livelihood Project in Bangladesh: Multi-Sectoral Nutrition Programming Through Implementation Science." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_047.
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Abstract Objectives We conducted a process evaluation to examine the perceptions of program implementers, community leaders, and beneficiaries to assess the intervention's acceptability and to document how multisectoral agricultural livelihood interventions were implemented. Methods Interventions were implemented from March 2019 to March 2020 in 30 unions of three Bangladeshi districts. Delivered by community partners, interventions aimed to improve health and nutrition service utilization, social and behavior change regarding infant and young child feeding (IYCF), and homestead food production (through community farmers or private sector agro-input retailers) among poor mothers of under-two children. Leveraging the RE-AIM framework, we evaluated implementation through in-depth interviews with service providers (n = 13), focus group discussions with beneficiaries (8 sessions), and process documentation (12 events). Results Most service providers, community leaders, and beneficiaries expressed satisfaction with interventions and a desire to continue participation. Beneficiaries especially appreciated the health and nutrition education provided through different formats, including mothers' group meetings, voice messages, home visits, counseling at health facilities, and education on food production by community farmers or retailers. Additionally, beneficiaries described increased health knowledge and highly valued material benefits offered through vegetable seeds and poultry rearing inputs. Beneficiaries appreciated retailers' support to grow vegetables and raise chickens and awareness efforts on the importance of good nutrition and IYCF practices. However, findings suggested community farmers offered more interpersonal support than retailers. Service providers noted the importance of sustained community engagement. Conclusions Findings suggest that tested interventions combining food production with health and nutrition education are a viable, acceptable approach to promoting improved IYCF practices. Existing community-based organizations can reach vulnerable households with multisectoral nutrition approaches. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
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Griffis, John L. "Curriculum Development and Training on Flowers and Ornamental Plant Production Practices in Rural Senegal with Winrock International and the USAID Farmer-to-farmer Program." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (February 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04380-19.
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In most highly developed countries, landscaping and ornamental plants are routine components of the urban environment. However, in many Third World countries, this is not the situation outside of the larger cities. Landscaping and ornamentals are associated with hotels, public parks, offices, government buildings, and wealth; they are not significant commodities in rural settings. However, as urban areas in these countries—such as Senegal—expand and modernize, there is an increased demand for ornamental plants. Senegal’s urban population has almost doubled during the past five decades, increasing from 23% in 1960 to 43% in 2013. New jobs and sources of income are available for individuals who are properly trained in ornamental plant production and maintenance. Senegal has several rural training centers where some courses in agronomy and vegetable production are taught, but ornamental plant production is not included in the curriculum. This U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Farmer-to-Farmer project was conducted at one of those rural training centers at Djilor to introduce ornamental horticulture into the curriculum and to make students aware of ornamental plant production practices and the opportunities available to them if they become involved in a horticulture business.
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Shamieh, O., A. Mansour, R. Harding, M. Tarawneh, and S. Payne. "National Home Care Initiative in Jordan: A Demonstration Project." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 242s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.97300.
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Background and context: The home healthcare market in Jordan is nascent with little service offered. It suffers from a highly fragmented and underregulated landscape. The limited access to qualified trustworthy home care services, lack of professional home care training, and lack of home health care insurance coverage have added to the heavy in-patient bed demand and delayed hospital discharges especially for disabled or terminally ill patients. Aim: To establish a comprehensive national home care program to improve the delivery of palliative and home care services in Jordan, and to conduct a situational analysis and generate policy recommendations. Strategy/Tactics: We used multiple strategies to reach our objectives. 1. Expansion of home care services at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) to create a local demonstration project. 2. Building health care professional capacity by offering variety of educational programs. 3. Improving quality of service delivery by generating clinical practice guidelines, such as standards operating procedures and patient and family educational materials. 4. Use the pilot operational and financial data to generate an economic model to inform the development of similar home health care units in hospitals across Jordan. 5. National advocacy and building effective partnership with all related stakeholders to advance national policy. Program/Policy process: Between May 2016 and May 2017, 7818 home care visits were conducted by KHCC. For capacity building; 678 health care professionals were trained in palliative and home care, out of which 366 participants were females (54%). Palliative care was successfully recognized as a specialty by the Jordan Nursing Council and recognized as a subspecialty by the Jordan Medical Council. The palliative and home care standards of practice were included in the health care accreditation council. The analysis of economic evaluation data suggested that home care services decreased in-patient utilization and costs which is advantageous to a country with limited resources. As a result of the advocacy stream and a collaborative network, the national palliative and home care strategic framework was generated, and endorsed by the Ministry of Health. Outcomes: The NHCI resulted in a very successful pilot project and achieved specialty and subspecialty recognition. Furthermore, we were able to build the capacity of health care professionals and policy makers in the palliative and home care sector from public, private and academic institutions. In the advocacy and policy dimension, the Minister of Health officially approved and adapted the palliative and home care strategic framework that was developed by this initiative. What was learned: Cross-sector collaboration and effective partnership resulted in system change and policy advancement. Developing effective economic systems is essential in low resourced countries. The initiative was supported by a joint grant from the USAID and KHCC.
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Auta, Asa, and Samuel B. Banwat. "The public health sector supply of modern contraceptives in rural Nigeria: an analysis of selection, forecasting and inventory control." Reviews in Health Care 2, no. 3 (May 24, 2011): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.3723185-193.
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Public health facilities in rural Nigeria have been experiencing a long period of stock-outs and unavailability of modern contraceptives. This work was carried out to review the public health sector supply of modern contraceptives in rural Nigeria in order to make recommendations on how to improve the supply of modern contraceptives in this area. The study reviewed secondary data from country documents and literature obtained from Pubmed, Popline, and Global Health databases; as well as websites of USAID/DELIVER Project, Measure DHS and Federal Ministry of Health. The study revealed that a wide range of contraceptives are included in the essential drug list to be used in secondary facilities, while only a few ones are selected to be used in primary facilities which serve the majority of rural population. Forecasting is done using issue data from the central warehouse because facilities are not generating reliable consumption data. Inventory control is poor in rural facilities, and these facilities do not follow the established inventory control guidelines. The study therefore demonstrates that the current essential drug list should be reviewed in order to include injectables for use in primary facilities, strengthen the current forecasting, data reporting and inventory control system.
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Auta, Asa, and Samuel B. Banwat. "The public health sector supply of modern contraceptives in rural Nigeria: an analysis of selection, forecasting and inventory control." Reviews in Health Care 2, no. 3 (May 24, 2011): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v2i3.37.
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Public health facilities in rural Nigeria have been experiencing a long period of stock-outs and unavailability of modern contraceptives. This work was carried out to review the public health sector supply of modern contraceptives in rural Nigeria in order to make recommendations on how to improve the supply of modern contraceptives in this area. The study reviewed secondary data from country documents and literature obtained from Pubmed, Popline, and Global Health databases; as well as websites of USAID/DELIVER Project, Measure DHS and Federal Ministry of Health. The study revealed that a wide range of contraceptives are included in the essential drug list to be used in secondary facilities, while only a few ones are selected to be used in primary facilities which serve the majority of rural population. Forecasting is done using issue data from the central warehouse because facilities are not generating reliable consumption data. Inventory control is poor in rural facilities, and these facilities do not follow the established inventory control guidelines. The study therefore demonstrates that the current essential drug list should be reviewed in order to include injectables for use in primary facilities, strengthen the current forecasting, data reporting and inventory control system.
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Kim, Chungmann, and Peter Goldsmith. "The Economics of the Soy Kit as an Appropriate Household Technology for Food Entrepreneurs." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 1 (March 2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120981183.
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Background: The ability for women to operate as food entrepreneurs presents opportunities to leverage at-home production technologies that not only support family nutrition but also generate income. To these ends, the Feed the Future Malawi Agriculture Diversification Activity recently launched a development project involving a new technology, the Soy Kit. The Activity, a USAID (United States Agency for International Development) funded effort, sought to improve nutrition utilizing an underutilized local and highly nutritious feedstuff, soybean, through a woman’s entrepreneurship scheme. Objective: The USAID funded effort provides the overarching research question, whether the Soy Kit is a sustainable technology for delivering nutrition and income through a women’s entrepreneurship scheme. If true, then development practitioners will have a valuable tool, and the associated evidence, to address the important crosscutting themes, of nutrition, poverty, entrepreneurship, and women’s empowerment. To answer this research question, the research team first evaluates the underlying production economics of the kit to measure profitability, return on investment, and operational performance. Second, the team qualitatively and quantitatively assesses the kit’s overall appropriateness as a technology for the developing world. Methods: The team follows the schema of Bower and Brown and utilizes descriptive statistics, and financial techniques to conduct an assessment of the economics and technical appropriateness of the Soy Kit technology. Results: The results show a high level of appropriateness across a number of metrics. For example, the payback period from cash flow is under 6 months and the annual return on capital is 163% when entrepreneurs utilize a domestically sourced kit valued at US$80. Conclusion: The technology matches well with the rhythm of household economy, in particular women’s labor availability and resource base. Businesses earn significant returns on capital thus appear to be sustainable without donor subsidy. At the same time, available capital to finance kit entrepreneurs appears to be scarce. More research needs to take place to address the credit access question, in order to make small-scale kit entrepreneur truly self-reliant; the effects on poverty reduction at the household and village level; and nutrition improvement among the consumers.
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Toktorbaeva, Nargiza, Timothy Williams, Nazgul Abazbekova, Jennifer Yourkavitch, and Silvia Alayon. "Methodological Lessons Learned From Conducting a Population-Based Phone Survey on Nutrition Practices in the Kyrgyz Republic." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab048_020.
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Abstract Objectives To share lessons from a survey on nutrition practices, where the methodology shifted from in-person to phone interviews due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The USAID Advancing Nutrition Project is conducting an impact evaluation in Kyrgyz Republic to determine the effect of project interventions on nutrition behaviors. Municipalities in Batken and Jalalabad regions were randomly assigned to intervention or comparison areas.The stepped wedge design includes baseline, midpoint, and endline surveys, carried out at 12-month intervals. The baseline survey was completed in late 2020. Difference in differences analysis and analysis of project exposure variables will be used to determine impact. Due to COVID-19, all interviews were carried out using computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Results We interviewed 2,091 women with children under two years of age, with phone numbers obtained from health facilities in survey areas. The response rate (11.6% completed interviews) was similar or higher than typical phone surveys. Interviews included complex questions related to 11 nutrition practices, including women's and children's dietary recall. Average interview length was 31 minutes. 4% of respondents dropped before completing the call. Advantages of phone interviews included reduced travel costs, improved quality control, and real-time data review. Disadvantages included high non-response, inability to observe items such as handwashing stations, and potential biases related to phone ownership. Conclusions Our experience suggests that it is possible to carry out a complex, population-based nutrition survey using CATI. Response rates may be improved by building rapport at the start of the call. Interview length can be reduced using block randomization. Baseline levels of most indicators were similar to previous in-person surveys in Kyrgyzstan, suggesting CATI survey results can potentially provide accurate estimates of nutrition behaviors. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development.
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Matveyeva, Ilona, Nurgul Nursapina, Tamara Tuzova, and Balnur Shynybek. "Isotopes of uranium in waters and ice of Pamir–Alai." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 3 (September 29, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/cb1006.
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The article presents the results of determination of concentration and isotope composition of uranium in waters and ice of the Pamiro-Alai. The obtained experimental data are the background for studying of the regularities of the formation of the effluent of mountain rivers. This work is significant because of the studied region is transboundary and is under the interest of the neighboring countries. Sampling was carried out during fieldwork in 2016 under the USAID-Afghanistan PEER454 project. Determination of uranium isotopes was carried out using high-resolution alpha-spectrometry after radiochemical isolation and purification. The main objects of this study are Kyzylsu and Muksu rivers with their tributaries, as well as the ice of this region. Three genetic types were determined based on the obtained experimental data. The first type includes atmospheric precipitations and young ice (ice from the glacier of Lenin and a spring near the Ters-Agar passage). The second type of water is characteristic for waters having contact with uranium-enriched rocks (the estuary of Kashkasu river). The third type of water is waters of deep circulation with active water exchange in mountain ranges with a high uranium concentration (eastern springhead of the Kyzylsu river). The calculations showed that the main source of most of the studied water bodies are atmospheric precipitations.
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Kiazai, Abdul Nasir, Zarina Waheed, and Saba Rehman. "Role of Teacher Education in Preparing Teachers for Teaching in Religious Schools of Balochistan." International Journal of Innovation in Teaching and Learning (IJITL) 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35993/ijitl.v6i1.1002.
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A large number of children in Balochistan attend religious schools (Madrasas) that have been criticized for spreading extremist views in the society. Teacher education institutions play a vital role in bringing cultural and religious harmony by producing prospective teachers who are able to cultivate tolerance, acceptance, patriotism, ethnic, religious respect and counter extremism, sectarian, and discrimination prospective. This qualitative exploratory study explores whether the prospective teachers in Balochistan are trained enough to teach in religious schools. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions. All teacher educators and prospective teachers from the universities that remained part of Pre-STEP or Teacher Education Project (TEP) assisted by USAID constituted the population of the study. Sample was selected through purposive sampling from two universities situated in Quetta. 10 teacher educators (5+5) and 10 prospective teachers (5+5) were selected as sample for interviews while two groups of prospective teachers (5 participants in each) were selected from the both case universities for focus group interviews. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings indicated that the prospective teachers and teacher educators considered the recent teacher education programs in Balochistan not enough to train teachers to teach in religious schools.
Keywords: Prospective Teachers; Religious Schools; Teacher Education Programs; Balochistan
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Kassie, Girma, and Bekele Tefera. "Effects of community-based health insurance on modern family planning utilization in Ethiopia." Gates Open Research 3 (May 9, 2019): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12960.1.
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Background: Community-based health insurance (CBHI) has been established in a number of developing countries to expand access to modern health care service. However, few studies have focused on health care utilization of CBHI members in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of CBHI on modern family planning (FP) utilization as part of its routine outcome monitoring activities. Methods: The USAID Transform: Primary Health Care project, conducted a continuous monitoring follow up visit using a multistage sampling technique in its four major targeted regions. A total of 3433 households were selected and 3313 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were interviewed. The questionnaire captured the CBHI status of each household and FP use data from randomly selected women. Microsoft Access database was used to enter the data, which was then transferred to SPSS Version 20 for further analysis. Results: In total 50.8% of married women (aged 15-49 years) were found to be enrolled in CBHI. Current modern FP use is 47.5% among married women in project-supported areas. Modern FP use is 50.9% among married women who are exposed to CBHI schemes, versus 44.1% among women who are not exposed to CBHI which is statistically significant. Conclusions: Modern FP utilization among insured women was higher compared with uninsured women. While FP methods are provided for free, CBHI enrolment improves FP use among women of child-bearing age. Women who have access to CBHI may frequently visit health facilities seeking services for themselves and their families, during which they may be introduced to FP services. This in turn may improve their awareness and attitude towards FP. The results will increase awareness for program implementers of the benefits of CBHI schemes in FP programming, particularly in rural settings, and provide an opportunity to increase lifelong returns in Ethiopia.
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Kassie, Girma, and Bekele Tefera. "Effects of community-based health insurance on modern family planning utilization in Ethiopia." Gates Open Research 3 (September 19, 2019): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12960.2.
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Background: Community-based health insurance (CBHI) has been established in a number of developing countries to expand access to modern health care service. However, few studies have focused on health care utilization of CBHI members in Ethiopia. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of CBHI on modern family planning (FP) utilization as part of its routine outcome monitoring activities. Methods: The USAID Transform: Primary Health Care project, conducted a continuous monitoring follow up visit using a multistage sampling technique in its four major targeted regions. A total of 3433 households were selected and 3313 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were interviewed. The questionnaire captured the CBHI status of each household and FP use data from randomly selected women. Microsoft Access database was used to enter the data, which was then transferred to SPSS Version 20 for further analysis. Results: 49% of women (aged 15-49 years) were found to be enrolled in CBHI scheme. Half of the women (50.2%) use any family planning method, of which 49% of them used modern family planning method in project-supported areas. Over half of women (57%) who are exposed to CBHI schemes utilized family planning method which is statistically significant Conclusions: Modern FP utilization among insured women was higher compared with uninsured women. While FP methods are provided for free, CBHI enrollment improves FP use among women of child-bearing age. Women who have access to CBHI may frequently visit health facilities seeking services for themselves and their families, during which they may be introduced to FP services. This in turn may improve their awareness and attitude towards FP. The results will increase awareness for program implementer's of the benefits of CBHI schemes in FP programming, particularly in rural settings, and provide an opportunity to increase lifelong returns in Ethiopia.
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Hasib, Enam, Taufique Joarder, Kharisma Nugroho, Kelly Perry, Jennifer Crum, and Amy Weissman. "Bridging the Knowledge Gap in Bangladesh for Effective Locally Driven Conditional Cash Transfer in Multisectoral Nutrition Programming." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_038.
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Abstract Objectives The USAID's Strengthening Multisectoral Nutrition Programming through Implementation Science Activity (MSNP) in Bangladesh gathered local knowledge to augment national data to ensure nutrition programming delivery was appropriately targeted. Such knowledge allowed MSNP's social protection conditional cash transfer (CCT) activity to reach most at-risk individuals. Methods Using structured field observation forms, six trained staff documented nutrition programming decision-making processes and MSNP project activities regarding appropriate beneficiary targeting in six districts. Numerous project documents were reviewed and site visits conducted to evaluate CCT implementation in action. Data were coded into three aspects of learning (challenges and methods to alleviate them, successes, and recommendations for future programming) and analyzed according to themes identified in research utilization literature. Results CCT, an incentive-based delivery mechanism targeting women based on locally collected data, positively influenced household decision-makers, including women, to provide effective health and nutrition care for themselves and their children. CCT, received upon completion of antenatal care visits and participation in nutrition education sessions, effectively supported the uptake of MSNP community workers’ nutrition advice led to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in remote areas. Requiring CCT beneficiaries to open bKash accounts to ensure financial transparency and that funds reached the intended participants helped establish women as nutrition decision makers, improving financial inclusion for extreme-poor women. Conclusions CCT stimulates use of nutrition and health services, increasing household resources for nutrition-related behaviors and allowing women to exercise financial freedom. To improve evidence utilization in nutrition programming, national indicators must be complemented with local knowledge gathering processes, with local stakeholders and beneficiaries involved to ensure appropriate targeting and to transform knowledge into practice. Funding Sources United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
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Tall, Alioune Badara, Pape Gallo Sow, Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye, and Ousseynou Ka. "Perception of Beneficiaries and Stakeholders about the Services Offered by Health Huts Put in Place by the Health Project—Community Health of USAID in the Goudomp Health District (Senegal)." Health 07, no. 09 (2015): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2015.79122.
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Posocco, Silvia. "Zoning: Environmental Cosmopolitics In and Around the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Petén, Guatemala." Nature and Culture 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030204.
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This article considers debates concerning the contribution of anthropology to an understanding of vernacular and marginal forms of cosmopolitanism in relation to the environmental cosmopolitics of zoning practices in and around the Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR), Petén, Guatemala. Zoning practices realize political and economic restructuring, integration, and fragmentation through conditionality and exceptionalism. The rationale for zoning of MBR territories evident in UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme and USAID MAYAREMA Resource Management Project have combined the instrumentalism of aid-tied development with a cosmopolitan appeal to the protection of the global environment in the interests of “humanity” imagined as an internally differentiated, and yet singular entity. As zoning practices have emerged as forms of conditionality placed on a range of human activities, they have been called into question by “Other” discrepant and cosmopolitan constituencies advancing different imagined relations between cosmos and polis, “environment” and “society.” The article considers discrepant zoning practices and related imaginings adopted by the Communities of Population in Resistance. Q'eqchi' perspectives are also addressed, notably with reference to the environmental cosmopolitics of indigenous religious practice. By exploring the environmental cosmopolitics of the MBR, the article argues that through anthropological knowledge practices, plural and over lapping cosmovisions and related vernacular and discrepant forms of environmental cosmopolitanism are brought into view. The task lies in grappling with relativization, pluralization, and complexity as these follow on from anthropological knowledge practices and environmental cosmopolitan zoning practices alike.
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Karel, Harumi Sasaki. "Knowledge and Use of Maternal and Child Health Services by Mothers in Papua New Guinea." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 7, no. 3 (July 1994): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959400700308.
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A survey was conducted in the coastal area of Morobe Province in Papua New Guinea between March to April 1992 in order to obtain and examine the current health knowledge and practices of mothers with children under two years of age. The purpose of the survey was to gather data for the detailed planning and implementation of a Child Survival Intervention Project funded by USAID. A total of 30 villages in the area were selected utilizing the WHO 30-cluster sampling technique. The results indicated that breastfeeding was a very common practice. However, because nutritional intake was not increased during pregnancy and lactation for many of the women, it is likely that their nutritional intake was insufficient. Although many mothers knew the importance of immunization, they were unclear about the importance of completing immunization series. The utilization of contraceptive methods was very low among women who did not want to have another child within the subsequent two years. The most common methods were injections and pills. The dissemination of health education to isolated rural villages is one of the most important interventions in reducing maternal and infant mortality. As there currently is no health education unit at the Morobe Provincial Department of Health. It is crucial to establish the unit and to emphasize the importance of health education as the tool for disease prevention and health promotion. Asia Pac J Public Health1994;7(3):191-3.