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1
Zheng, Jia Ming, Zhan Xiang Sun, Liang Shan Feng, and Yu Xin Zhang. "Effects of Different Micro-Catchment Mulching Methods on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Corn." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.392.
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The study on the effects of three unary and binary micro-catchment mulching methods including film mulching ridge and ditch plantation, film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation and film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching straw plantation on growth of corn and different precipitation years was conducted in allusion to the low and unstable yield of corn in the western Liaoning province of China and in comparison with the traditional plantation model. Under the condition of this experiment, through film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation and film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation, the time for seedling emergence of corn was shortened and the emergence rate of corn was increased. Through film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching straw plantation, the time for seedling emergence of corn was prolonged and the emergence rate of corn was increased in median water or dry years, but the emergence rate of corn was reduced in the high flow year. By contrast to traditional plantation model, film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation and film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation boosted the increase in plant height and leaf area of corn and promoted dry matter accumulation in the early period of growth while the growth was slow, the plant height, leaf area and dry matter accumulation was always at he minimum value through film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation in the early period of growth, but the growth rate was expedited in the late period during growth. Through film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation, due to many reasons such as the growth process ahead of schedule and high temperature, the signs of precocity or premature senility come into being and leaf area and chlorophyll content decreases swiftly; through film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation, the descent velocity of leaf area and chlorophyll content were reduced and the leaf senescence was postponed. In different precipitation years, the increases in water use efficiency of micro-catchment plantation were different, smaller in high flow year while larger in dry or median water year.
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Lohr, Virginia I., and Caroline H. Pearson-Mims. "Mulching Reduces Water Use of Containerized Plants." HortTechnology 11, no. 2 (January 2001): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.2.277.
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Colorful baskets of flowering annuals are popular with home gardeners, but these containerized plants require frequent waterings. Mulching of field soils is a proven way to conserve soil moisture. This study was conducted to see if mulching would reduce the need to irrigate containerized plants. Adding either pine bark or sphagnum moss mulch to potted `Impulse Rose' impatiens (Impatiens wallerana) plants reduced the frequency of irrigations when the plants were small and had not yet reached canopy closure. Mulching had no effect on plant height or flowering.
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Wang, Linlin, Jeffrey A. Coulter, Jairo A. Palta, Junhong Xie, Zhuzhu Luo, Lingling Li, Peter Carberry, Qiang Li, and Xiping Deng. "Mulching-Induced Changes in Tuber Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Potato in China: A Meta-Analysis." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120793.
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In dry environments, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is grown under mulching for water conservation and improving tuber yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A meta-analysis was conducted to determine how mulching improved tuber yield and NUE in potato and how yield and NUE is influenced by fertilization, tillage practices, and growing environment in China. A search of peer-reviewed publications was performed to collect data on the effects of mulching on yield and NUE in potato grown in China. The data included were from field studies with a mulching and a no mulching treatment and data on tuber yield and NUE. A total of 169 publications (17 in English and 152 in Chinese) containing 1802 observations from 105 sites were compiled into the dataset. Mulching significantly increased both tuber yield and NUE by an average of 24% compared to no mulching, respectively. Plastic film mulching was more effective in improving yield and NUE than straw mulching. The yield and NUE increase were highest under plastic film mulching on ridge-furrow plots and straw mulching on flat plots. Mulching was more effective at improving yield and NUE in the Northwest dryland region at a plant density between 55,000 and 70,000 plants ha−1 and with application of synthetic N and P2O5 at rates of 100−200 kg ha−1, K fertilization at 0−100 kg K2O ha−1, and without organic fertilization. Integrated use of organic fertilizer and mulching was found to reduce synthetic N and P fertilizer input by 50% and K fertilizer input by 100% for production without affecting yield and NUE. These results demonstrate that mulching increases yield and NUE in potato in China, but the benefits occur when the growing region, tillage, and fertilization practices are appropriately considered.
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Aparna, RA, and V. Jayakrishnakumar. "Effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching of cowpea on root characteristics, consumptive use and water use efficiency of upland rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.1.10.
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The field experiment was conducted in the farmer's field, Peringammala, Kalliyoor, Thiruvananthapuram during the Virippu 2017 to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching with cowpea on root and soil moisture characteristics of upland rice. The results revealed that root characters like root volume, root dry weight and root shoot ratio significantly increased under the irrigation treatment I1 [irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)]. The root length was the highest for rain fed control (I7). Among the mulches, live mulching with cowpea (M2) recorded the highest root length and root shoot ratio. The treatments and their interaction had a significant influence on soil moisture. Irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm CPE, live mulching with cowpea and their interaction recorded the highest consumptive use. The highest water use efficiency was recorded by the treatment irrigation at 2 cm depth at 20 mm CPE (I5) and live mulching with cowpea (M2).
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Zong, Rui, Huifang Han, and Quanqi Li. "Grain yield and water-use efficiency of summer maize in response to mulching with different plastic films in the North China Plain." Experimental Agriculture 57, no. 1 (February 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447972100003x.
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SummaryPlastic film (PF) mulching is widely applied in agriculture to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop production. However, without efficient recovery, the residual plastic fragments in arable land threaten soil health and food security. Degradable films are generally considered as alternatives to conventional PF to mitigate PF pollution. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the effects of various film mulching treatments (conventional PF mulching, transparent degradable film (TDF) mulching, and black degradable film (BDF) mulching, and no mulching) on soil water availability and summer maize yield in the North China Plain (NCP). Soil moisture, soil water storage, water use, and grain yield were recorded. Below 20 cm depth, soil moisture and soil water storage were higher in film mulching than in no mulching. Conventional PF mulching yielded the best water conservation, especially from sowing to jointing. TDF and BDF were similar in their regulation of soil moisture. Comparing to no mulching, conventional PF and degradable transparent film significantly reduced maize grain yield by 15.4 and 8.0% (average over 2 years), and reduced WUE by 9.4 and 7.8% (average 2 years), respectively. The observed reduction of grain yield in transparent film mulching might be caused by excessive soil temperature, especially at vegetative stages, which potentially accelerates crop senescence. Black film mulching reduced the soil cumulative temperature and prevent crops from being overheated. As consequence, grain yield and WUE of summer maize under BDF covering were significantly increased by 11.1 and 15.6%, respectively, over the 2 years. Therefore, we suggest that BDF can be used to replace conventional plastics to improve crop yield and control environmental pollution in the NCP.
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Almeida, Denice de Oliveira, Osmar Klauberg Filho, Henrique Cesar Almeida, Luciano Gebler, and Aline Franciane Felipe. "Soil microbial biomass under mulch types in an integrated apple orchard from Southern Brazil." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 2 (April 2011): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000200012.
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The use of mulching is an alternative to control weeds but there are few studies on its effect on soil quality. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of types of mulching on the attributes of microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a Typic Hapludox with production of integrated apples in southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in the Vacaria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The soil mulch types studied were: pine needle, sawdust, black plastic and a control. The soil samples were collected in February (summer) and August (winter) of 2006, and the attributes related to total organic and microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were determined. Organic mulchings (pine needle and sawdust) promoted lower soil temperature, and greater moisture, microbial carbon (Cmic), microbial nitrogen (Nmic), and the ratios Cmic:Corg, Nmic:Norg and microbial C:N than black plastic. Microbial phosphorus was greater in winter. Sawdust mulching promoted the best conditions to microbial biomass in winter. The mulch types increased the microbial compartment in winter as compared to the nonweeded control .
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Klimek, Andrzej, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Roman Rolbiecki, Grzegorz Gackowski, Piotr Stachowski, and Barbara Jagosz. "The Use of Wood Chips for Revitalization of Degraded Forest Soil on Young Scots Pine Plantation." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060683.
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The aim of the study was to assess the impact of several methods of mulching degraded forest soil with wood chips on the development of mite (Acari) community, with particular emphasis to oribatid mites (Oribatida), and on the growth of young plantings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Mulching with wood chips should contribute to revitalize soil fauna and restore natural forests on degraded soils. Scots pine seedlings were planted at the post-military training ground. Four experimental treatments were tested: control—uncovered soil (C), mulching with wood chips (W), W + mycorrhiza preparation (WM), and W + forest litter (WL). At the end of the growing season in 2012, 2013 and 2014, the following plant measurements were carried out: length of annual increment of the main stem, stem base diameter, number and lengths of lateral shoots in the annual whorl. The mite calculations included average mite density, dominance index, species richness, oribatid mite diversity, average number of species, and Shannon general species diversity index. The use of mulching with wood chips did not significantly affect the growth characteristics of Scots pine plants, but strongly increased the mite community. After mulching, the total number and species diversity of Acari increased many times, and Oribatida began to dominate among micro-arthropods. The number of Oribatida increased most in W. The largest species diversity was observed in WL. 24 species of Oribatida were found that were used as the bio-indicators of soil succession changes. Tectocepheus velatus clearly dominated in all mulching treatments. Oppiella nova and Scutovertex sculptus were also numerous populations of Oribatida. The study shows that mulching with Scots pine wood chips, especially with the addition of forest litter, significantly enriches soil fauna and is therefore useful in the regeneration process of degenerated forest soils.
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Barakat, Mohammed A. S., Taia A. Abd El-Mageed, Islam N. Elsayed, and Wael M. Semida. "Effect of soil mulching on growth, productivity, and water use efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under deficit irrigation." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0503014.
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Two field studies were conducted consecutively in the summer season of 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effect of different soil mulching materials (bare soil: BS as a control, white plastic: WP, black plastic: BP and rice straw: RS) on growth, productivity, and water-use efficiency (WUE) of potato under three levels of irrigation (I100=100%, I80=80%, and I60=70% of crop evapotranspiration). Growth characteristics, yield and its components, and WUE were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by both irrigation level and mulching materials. All mulching materials effectively enhanced growth and productivity when compared to bare soil. Potato plants grown under BP and WP as well as RS showed higher mean values of large size (> 60 mm) tubers and WUE compared to non-mulched treatment (BS) in both seasons. Mulching treatments noticeably increased tuber yield in the order of BP > RS > WP. Results displayed that, under different soil mulching materials, the I80 strategy studied here could be successfully applied during summer season in commercial potato production allowing water savings of 20% without any detrimental effect on plant growth or productivity.
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Qian, Zhuangzhuang, Xiao Sun, Jianshuang Gao, and Shunyao Zhuang. "Effects of Bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) Cultivation on Soil Nitrogen Fractions and Mineralization." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081109.
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The mineralization of soil organic nitrogen (N) is the key process in the cycling of N in terrestrial ecosystems. Land-use change to bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) cultivation that later entails organic material mulching combined with chemical fertilizer application will inevitably influence soil N mineralization (Nmin) and availability dynamics. However, the soil Nmin rates associated with various N fractions of P. praecox in response to land-use change and mulching are not well understood. The present study aimed to understand the effects of land-use change to P. praecox bamboo cultivation and organic material mulching on soil Nmin and availability. Soil properties and organic N fractions were measured in a P. praecox field planted on former paddy fields, a mulched P. praecox field, and a rice (Oryza sativa L.) field. Soil Nmin was determined using a batch incubation method, with mathematical models used to predict soil Nmin kinetics and potential. The conversion from a paddy field to P. praecox plantation decreased the soil pH, soil total N, and soil organic matter (SOM) content significantly (p < 0.05); the mulching method induced further soil acidification. The mulching treatment significantly augmented the SOM content by 7.08% compared with the no-mulching treatment (p < 0.05), but it decreased soil hydrolyzable N and increased the nonhydrolyzable N (NHN) content. Both the Nmin rate and cumulative mineralized N were lowest in the mulched bamboo field. The kinetics of Nmin was best described by the ‘two-pool model’ and ‘special model’. The Pearson’s correlation analysis and the Mantel test suggested soil pH was the dominant factor controlling the soil cumulative mineralized N and mineralization potential in the bamboo fields. These findings could help us better understand the N cycling and N availability under mulching conditions for shifts in land use, and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of bamboo plantations.
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Ranjan, Prem, G. T. Patle, Manjeet Prem, and K. R. Solanke. "Organic Mulching- A Water Saving Technique to Increase the Production of Fruits and Vegetables." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 3 (November 10, 2017): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.3.17.
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In the present situation of globalization and health awareness demand of the virtuous horticultural crops has increased worldwide. The increasing demand for the fruits and vegetables and market competition has forced the farmers to produce more and high-quality fruits and vegetables for sustaining in the international market. Use of organic mulching is one of the suitable methods which could help the horticultural growers to increase the production with good quality of produce. Looking to the water scarcity and the challenges that arise due to climate change, adoption of organic mulching at large scale by the Indian farmers would help the farmers to overcome several problems considering the advantages of organic mulching. From the findings of the several studies shown that mulching with organic materials increases the soil nutrients, maintains the optimum soil temperature, restricts the rate of evaporation from the soil surface, restricts the weed growth and prevents the soil erosion. It also helps to improve the soil health. Organic mulches are cheap materials; therefore, the cost of mulching is also economical. In this paper, an attempt has been made to overview on the various types of mulching, mulching techniques, benefits and limitations of mulching.
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Keno, Mulugeta Tilahun, Jane Wamatu, Ashraf Alkhtib, Taye Tolemariam, Solomon Demeke, and Geert Paul Jules Janssens. "Barley Straw Use for Animal Feed and Soil Mulch in Ethiopian Highlands Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115879.
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Barley straw serves as livestock feed and mulch for soil and water conservation in the mixed barley-livestock systems of the Ethiopian highlands. High demand for barley straw biomass in the system creates competition between the two uses. This study aimed to identify the determinants of the utilization of barley straw for mulch and feed. Data on the production and use of barley straw were collected from 236 households using a structured questionnaire. Use of the straw for the purposes of soil mulch at three levels, 0–15% (marginal mulching), 15–35% (optimal mulching), 35–100% (over-mulching), was analyzed using a multinomial logit model. The optimal proportion of barley straw used as soil mulch was positively affected by the educational level of the household head, family size, distance between cropping land and homestead, number of equines in the household and amount of straw production. Female-headed households were more likely to mulch less than the optimal amount of barley straw. In general, the more the farmer’s exposure to formal extension, the less the proportion of barley straw used for soil mulching. This study provides guidance for the proportional utilization of barley straw. This will contribute to the design of appropriate biomass utilization strategies in barley-livestock farming systems.
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Shi, Jian Guo, Jing Hui Liu, Li Xin Jia, Bao Ping Zhao, Li Jun Li, Zhi Dong Zhang, Cai Ting Gao, Xiao Ping Rong, and Lei Qing Chen. "Effects of Re-Used Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Moisture and Water Use Efficiency in Hetao Area, China." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1725.
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Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film and increasing soil moisture and water use efficiency (WUE), the field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil moisture, sunflower’s yield and water use efficiency by compared with new plastic film mulching and bare field in Hetao area, China. The results showed that, soil water of re-used film mulching increased at different degree. Compared with bare field and new film mulching, soi1 moisture of re-used film were higher significantly 1.5 percentage points in 0-100 cm, and especially 1.9 or 2.6 percentage points in 0-10 cm during sunflower’s growth stage. Soil water of re-used film was more than that of bare field 24.8 mm (in 2010) and 33.0 mm (in 2011) before seeding, and 21.6mm (in 2010) and 24.5mm (in 2011) at harvest when soil water was replenished to same level for each treatment before sowing. Meanwhile, the grain yield of re-used film was higher significantly than that of bare field 11.4% (in 2010) and 16.8% (in 2011), and WUE of re-used film was higher significantly 15.7% (in 2010) and 22.7% (in 2011) respectively, no significant with new film. So it was worth to apply re-used film to agriculture production for improving the soil moisture, enhancing water use efficiency and increasing the yield of sunflower. We suggest that the application of re-used film mulching is a suitable soil management practice for increase water and WUE in Hetao area or other areas with similar conditions.
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Duffková, R. "The effect of rainfall and extensive use of grasslands on water regime." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 3 (December 11, 2011): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4205-pse.
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Water regimes of extensively used grasslands (one cut per year, two cuts per year, no cut, mulching) were determined and compared by drainage lysimeters in 1998–2000. Although the botanical composition and yields of experimental swards were different, there was no statistically significant difference in their water regime (only the soil moisture content of no-cut variant was significantly higher than in other variants). A determinant factor for the water regime of grasslands (GR) is the sum of rainfall over the growing season while the GR water regime is influenced by land use immediately after the cut. Water runoff from the soil profile 0.0–0.60 m (water supply to the groundwater level) was found to be negligible in the growing season, a substantial groundwater recharge occurs in an off-season period and/or at the beginning of growing season. Mulching was not proved to reduce evaporation. The best type of management providing for the economical water regime appears to be a one-cut variant. Relationships between botanical composition and GR water regime are also described.
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Tahir, Ibrahim I., Eva Johansson, and Marie E. Olsson. "Groundcover Materials Improve Quality and Storability of 'Aroma' Apples." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1416.
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To decrease the unfavorable effects of herbicides on human health and on the environment, new sustainable mulching methods have been developed. These methods aim to impede weed growth and also result in good yield and high fruit quality. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the replacement of conventional methods (chemical treatments or mechanical) with different groundcover material systems (GCMSs) that use aluminum, bark and black polypropylene on 'Aroma' apple (Malus domestica) fruit maturity and quality, and fruit resistance to bruising and decay. The experiment was carried out from 1995 to 2001. Compared with conventional mulching methods, aluminum mulching was found to control annual weeds more effectively, to increase soil temperature, light reflection, yield, and fruit weight, to decrease bruise occurrence, to intensify and saturate the red coloration of apples, and to increase firmness and acid and sugar contents, resistance to storage disorders and decay after storage and shelf life. The other two used GCMSs, bark and black polypropylene also influenced many yield and quality parameters. However, less positive influences on the different parameters were found for bark compared with aluminum, and the use of black propylene was not favorable compared with the conventional mulching methods. Generally, decreased starch content at early picking dates was found for apples grown with GCMSs, indicating an earlier ripening for these apples compared with apples grown with a conventional mulching system. In summary, aluminum mulching was found to be the best alternative mulching method for production of 'Aroma' apples.
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Zhao, Yin, Xiaomin Mao, Manoj K. Shukla, and Sien Li. "Modeling Soil Water–Heat Dynamic Changes in Seed-Maize Fields under Film Mulching and Deficit Irrigation Conditions." Water 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051330.
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The Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model does not have a mulching module to simulate the effect of film mulching on soil water, heat dynamics and crop growth. In this study, SWAP model parameters were selected to simulate the soil water–heat process and crop growth, taking into account the effect of film mulching on soil evaporation, temperature, and crop growth, in order to predict the influence of future climate change on crop growth and evapotranspiration (ET). A most suitable scheme for high yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was studied by an experiment conducted in the Shiyang River Basin of Northwest China during 2017 and 2018. The experiment included mulching (M1) and non-mulching (M0) under three drip irrigation treatments, including full (WF), medium (WM), low (WL) water irrigation. Results demonstrated that SWAP simulated soil water storage (SWS) well, soil temperature at various depths, leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground dry biomass (ADB) with the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 16.2%, 7.5%, 16.1% and 16.4%, respectively; and yield, ET, and WUE with the mean relative error (MRE) of 10.5%, 12.4% and 14.8%, respectively, under different treatments on average. The measured and simulated results showed film mulching could increase soil temperature, promote LAI during the early growth period, and ultimately improve ADB, yield and WUE. Among the treatments, M1WM treatment with moderate water deficit and film mulching could achieve the target of more WUE, higher yield, less irrigation water. Changes in atmospheric temperature, precipitation, and CO2 concentration are of worldwide concern. Three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) showed a negative effect on LAI, ADB and yield of seed-maize. The yield of seed-maize on an average decreased by 33.2%, 13.9% under the three RCPs scenarios for film mulching and non-mulching, respectively. Predicted yields under film mulching were lower than that under non-mulching for the next 30 years demonstrating that current film mulching management might not be suitable for this area to improve crop production under the future climate scenarios.
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Kashif, Akhtar, Wang Weiyu, Khan Ahmad, Ren Guangxin, Afridi Muhammad Zahir, Feng Yongzhong, and Yang Gaihe. "Wheat straw mulching with fertilizer nitrogen: An approach for improving soil water storage and maize crop productivity." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 7 (June 21, 2018): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/96/2018-pse.
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Field studies using wheat straw mulching effects on soil water storage and maize development were conducted in China. The studies contained four treatments during three years (2014–2016): CK (no straw and no nitrogen); N (no straw mulching with 172 kg N/ha); HS + N (half straw mulching at the rate of 2500 kg/ha with 172 kg N/ha), and FS + N (full straw mulching at the rate of 5000 kg/ha with 172 kg N/ha). The FS + N treatment significantly increased soil water storage in a drought period during crop growth stages and promoted plant growth along with increased evapotranspiration. The FS + N treatment increased the soil water storage (26.5, 19.9 and 11.1 mm), grain yield (28.7, 6.93 and 2.4%), and water use efficiency (26.6, 6.64 and 2.40%) compared to CK, N and HS + N, respectively. In conclusion, compared to N, HS + N or FS + N increased the biomass (11 and 19%) and water use efficiency (4 and 5%), respectively, and are considered beneficial in Guanzhong, China. Mulching levels were superior to N and compensated the wheat nitrogen requirements. Thus, further studies with minimum fertilizer nitrogen for an environmentally friendly and effective approach are recommended in semiarid regions of China.
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Berça, Andressa Scholz, Thais Grandizoli Mendonça, and Claudinei Fonseca Souza. "Influence of organic mulching on drip irrigation management of cabbage cultivation." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 4 (June 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2381.
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Irrigation has been pointed out in recent decades as the major consumer of water. Considering the need for a rational use of water resources and the importance of mulching for planting, this study evaluated the effect of organic mulching (sugarcane straw) under soil water storage for cabbage crop development. This research was conducted at CCA/UFSCar, and the experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replications and two treatments with and without sugarcane straw. Water application was performed by a drip irrigation system and irrigation management was determined from data collected by TDR. The use of organic mulching did not interfere with cabbage productivity under greenhouse conditions. The straw presents efficiency for reduction of soil evaporation and, consequently, increases water-use efficiency. The soil cover made it possible to save up to 28.1 mm (14.5%) of the water depth.
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Pillai-McGarry, UPP, and N. Collis-George. "Laboratory simulation of the surface morphology of self-mulching and non-self-mulching vertisols .2. Quantification of visual features." Soil Research 28, no. 2 (1990): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900141.
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Descriptions of the surface morphology of Vertisols presently use subjectively classed, descriptive attributes. A system to quantify the appearance of the soil structural components is required to allow the comparison of soils, and to determine effects of variation in climate and of chemical/physical ameliorants. A non-destructive method of quantifying surface structural features is presented. Ponded and puddled samples of the 0-20 mm surface layer of a self-mulching Vertisol and two non self-mulching Vertisols were subjected to either a continuous drying regime or a sequence of wetting/drying cycles. Structural development with time was assessed by quantifying structural features using photographs of the soil surface. With repeated wetting and drying the self-mulching soil developed crumb material, the smallest shrinkage blocks, and the widest cracks. The non self-mulching soils developed no crumbs and the cracks generally became narrower. The range of structural development in terms of 'good' to 'bad' self-mulching in the laboratory agreed with the soils' behaviour in the field. Within the range of experiments performed, puddled soils did not produce as 'good' a self-mulching surface as non-puddled soils, no matter how many drying/wetting cycles were carried out.
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Monteiro, Rodrigo Otávio Câmara, Rubens Duarte Coelho, Priscylla Ferraz Câmara Monteiro, Jan Whopmans, and Bernd Lennartz. "Water consumption and soil moisture distribution in melon crop with mulching and in a protected environment." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 35, no. 2 (June 2013): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452013000200026.
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Mulching has become an important technique for land cover, but there are some technical procedures which should be adjusted for these new modified conditions to establish optimum total water depth. It is also important to observe the soil-water relations as soil water distribution and wetted volume dimensions. The objective of the present study was to estimate melon evapotranspiration under mulching in a protected environment and to verify the water spatial distribution around the melon root system in two soil classes. Mulching provided 27 mm water saving by reducing water evaporation. In terms of volume each plant received, on average, the amount of 175.2 L of water in 84 days of cultivation without mulching, while when was used mulching the water requirement was 160.2 L per plant. The use of mulching reduced the soil moisture variability throughout the crop cycle and allowed a greater distribution of soil water that was more intense in the clay soil. The clayey soil provided on average 43 mm more water depth retention in 0.50 m soil deep relative to the sandy loam soil, and reduced 5.6 mm the crop cycle soil moisture variation compared to sandy loam soil.
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SK, Biswas, Akanda AR, Rahman MS, and Hossain MA. "Effect of drip irrigation and mulching on yield, water-use efficiency and economics of tomato." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 3 (June 6, 2016): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/804/2014-pse.
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Palamarchuk, Inna. "SOIL MULCHING AS AN AGRICULTURAL METHOD FOR GROWING ZUCCHINI IN CONDITIONS OF RIGHT BANK FOREST-STEPPE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-9.
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It has been established that the mulching materials was carried out by influence on the biometric parameters of plants and the production of zucchini yield in the years of research. According to research results, the greatest length of stem in the flowering stage was observed in plants mulching soil with black agro-textile and plastic film, black perforated, varieties Zolotynka – and 63,6 – 61,3 cm, varieties Chaklun and 62,4 – 61,0 cm, where the increase relative to the control was 3,3–5,6 cm. The greatest number of leaves at flowering stage was observed in varieties Zolotynka for soil mulching with black agro-textile – 22,5 PCs/plant, black perforated polyethylene film – 24,0 PCs./plant, which is 4,8 – 6,3 PCs/plant more of the variant without mulch. The variety Chaklun, a significant difference was on the options for soil mulching with black agro-textile – 23,0 PCs/plant and black polyethylene film perforated to 23,5 PCs/plant, 5,4 and 5,9 PCs/plant more control. An important indicator in evaluating biometric parameters of the zucchini is leaf area. The highest it has been for mulching the soil with black agrotextile and plastic film, black perforated, varieties Zolotynka to 6,8 and 7,1 thousand m2/ha, varieties the Sorcerer – 8,2 and 8,5 thousand m2/ha, of 0,7–1,0 and 0,8–1,1 thousand m2/ha more control. Large productivity on average was noted for mulching the soil with black agro-textile and plastic film, black perforated, varieties Zolotynka – of 49,7 and 53,3 t/ha, 7,3 and 10,9 t/ha more control. The variety Chaklun all the studied variants had significantly higher yields, but the highest it has been for mulching the soil with black Agro-textile and plastic film, black perforated – between 90,0 and 97,8 t/ha, respectively, and 20,2 to 28,0 t/ha more in comparison with the control. The greatest number of fruits was noted for mulching the soil with black agro-textile and plastic film black perforated : y grade Zolotynka – 14,7–14,6 PCs/plant, varieties the Chaklun of 26,6–29,8 per PCs/plant. The highest fruit weight was observed in varieties Zolotynka for soil mulching with black agro-textile – 303 g, a polyethylene film, black perforated – 314 g sawdust and – 302 g, which is 15,0–27,0 g more control. The variety Chaklun large mass of the fetus had options for mulching the soil with black agro-textile – 305 g and black perforated polyethylene film – 319 g, which exceeded the control at 14-28 g. The diameter of the fruit greatly from the use of mulching materials did not change, but their use was noted a positive trend. So, for the sorts Zolotynka the diameter of the fruit for soil mulching with different materials grew by 0,1–0,3 cm, for a variety of Chaklun – 0,1-0,2 see. Key words: zucchini, variety, multi-valley material, biometrics, productivity.
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Shen, J. Y., D. D. Zhao, H. F. Han, X. B. Zhou, and Q. Q. Li. " Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 4 (April 19, 2012): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/404/2011-pse.
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To develop rainfed agriculture in northern China, we conducted field experiments with three straw mulching rates (0, 6, and 12 t/ha) on two plant types (a compact type, Chaoshi1, and a flat type, Danyu86) during the summer maize-growing season in 2009 and 2010 to study soil moisture content, evapotranspiration, grain yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE). The results indicated that straw mulching could significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) improve soil moisture content at a depth of 20–80 cm below the ground surface during the anthesis-silking stage; however, at maturity, straw mulching decreased the soil moisture content at a depth of 0–60 cm below the ground surface. In 2009, straw mulching at the rate of 12 t/ha significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) increased the evapotranspiration in Chaoshi1 and Danyu86. In 2010, straw mulching at the rate of 6 t/ha significantly (LSD,<br />P < 0.05) increased evapotranspiration in Danyu86 alone. The grain yields of Danyu86 in 2009 and Chaoshi1 in 2010 were significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) higher with straw mulching at the rate of 12 t/ha than on the application of other treatments. Irrespective of whether precipitation was concentrated during the beginning or the latter half of the summer maize growing stage, straw mulching increased the WUE of Chaoshi1, but not of Danyu86. These results indicated that under rainfed conditions in northern China, straw mulching could increase the grain yield and WUE of compact-type maize.
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Malik, Sagarika, B. Duary, and D. K. Jaiswal. "Integrated Use of Herbicide and Weed Mulch with Closer Spacing for Weed Management in Dry Direct Seeded Rice." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2189d.
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The field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2015 and 2016 (June to October) at Agricultural Farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, India to study the impact of integrated use of weed mulch and herbicide with closer spacing on weed growth and yield of direct seeded dry sown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MTU 1010. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving sole or integrated application of pre-emergence herbicide pendimethalin, mulching with water hyacinth and Indigofera weed and closer row spacing of 20 cm. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The experimental field was infested with 14 weeds out of which the predominant species were Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria, Ludwigia parviflora, Hydrolea zeylanica, Spilanthes acmella, Alternanthera sessilis, Commelina benghalensis and Cyanotis axillaris. Integration of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing reduced weed dry weight by 75.92% over the weedy check. Integration of mulching with water hyacinth and closer spacing increased grain yield by 37.27 and 41.12% over sole application of pendimethalin and water hyacinth mulch, respectively. Weed competition resulted in 57% reduction in grain yield of rice. Hand weeding twice (25 and 45 DAS) had a significant effect on the reduction of weed density and dry weight and increasing grain yield of rice which was followed by application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 along with mulching with water hyacinth at a closer row spacing of 20 cm.
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Sun, Zhan Xiang, Liang Shan Feng, Jia Ming Zheng, and Yu Xin Zhang. "Effects of Different Micro-Catchment Mulching Methods on Water Consumption and Requirement Law of Corn Field." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.310.
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The study the effect of unary or binary mulching micro-catchment models including plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch plantation (T1), plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch film-mulching plantation (T2) and plastic film-mulching ridge and ditch straw mulching plantation (T3) on was carried out in allusion to the critical issue of the severe lack of water resource in the western Liaoning province of China, in comparison with traditional cropping patterns. The water-holding effect of T2 under the condition of this experiment is the best, followed by T3 and T1. During corn growth stage, through respective comparison, the water is less consumed by 49.87 mm, 43.06 mm and 29.39 mm. In the meantime, the micro-catchment could reduce the water requirement of the crop. Through respective comparison, T2, T3 and T1 reduce water requirement by 81.66 mm, 69.20 mm and 48.45 mm during the growth stage. The average crop coefficient the growth stage is respectively reduced by 0.12,0.16 and 0.09 compared to that under the traditional model. The corn yield and water use efficiency (WUE) is increased to a different extent through various catchment plantation cultivation models and traditional plantation model. Especially, it is increased substantially by T3 and T2.
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Wenke, JF, and CD Grant. "The indexing of self-mulching behavior in soils." Soil Research 32, no. 2 (1994): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940201.
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Past work on self-mulching behaviour in soils has produced numeration o various components of this behaviour, but no explicitly defined and tested index of self-mulching has emerged, with the exception of Grant and Blackmore's ISM (Aust. J. Soil Res. 1991, 29, 155-73). Grant and Blackmore's index is not obviously based on mechanisms of self-mulching and is to this extent called into question. An index involving the actual dynamics of soil structural regeneration is required, and so procedures for a dynamically based index, SMI, have been developed and values of this compared with those of ISM. A high degree of correlation was found and it is concluded that both measures are valid and that the choice for use can be based primarily upon whether a static or dynamic assessment of self-mulching structure is required.
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Shi, Jian Guo, Jing Hui Liu, Bao Ping Zhao, Shao Xia Xue, Li Xin Jia, Surya N. Acharya, Qin Chen, Ya Fei Yan, and Cai Ping Gao. "Ecological Effects of Re-Used Film Mulching during Fallow Period of Cropland." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4680.
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Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil moisture, temperatures and soil erosion during fallow period of cropland were studied, the study also investigated plastic film residue and sunflower’s yield, which compared with new plastic film mulching and bare field in Hetao region. The results showed that, compared with bare field, (1) the average soil moisture in 0~100 cm of re-used film mulching increased 2.1%, the water storage capacity in 0~100 cm and 0~20 cm increased 24.8~33.0mm and 14.9~15.5mm separately. (2) The soil average temperature significantly increased 3.1~2.8°C, especially soil temperature in 5 cm and 10 cm increased 1.7~4.6°C and 2.8~4.1°C separately (p < 0.05). (3) The amount of soil erosion significantly reduced by 68.77%. (4) Compared with new plastic film mulching, the residual plastic film of re-used film mulching cropland significantly reduced 50%, and the film use efficiency increased 1 time. (5) In addition, compared with bare field, sunflower yield of re-used film mulching was significantly increased 11.4% in 2010 and 16.8% in 2011 (p < 0.01), and compared to the new film treatment, the yield decreased 3.3% in 2010 and 2.6% in 2011 (p < 0.05). So re-used plastic film mulching can improve the ecological environment of cropland in fallow period, reduce the film pollution and increase grain yield.
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Palamarchuk, Inna. "INFLUENCE OF SOIL MULCHING ON YIELD AND DYNAMICS OF ZUCCHINI FRUIT FORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-RIVER FOREST STEPPE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-4-11.
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The results of researches on studying of influence of mulching of soil on formation of a crop of plants of a zucchini in the conditions of the Right - bank Forest - steppe are resulted. The dependence of the phases of growth and development of zucchini plants, the dynamics of fruiting and yield in general on the type of mulching material was revealed. The use of synthetic mulching materials helped to reduce the interphase periods, increase yields and the percentage of early and late harvest. Mulching materials of organic origin extended the interphase periods. Thus, the shorter germination period - the beginning of fruit formation was by mulching the soil with perforated black polyethylene film and black agrofiber, which is 5-8 days shorter than the control, respectively. The longest harvest of zucchini was carried out on options for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film, depending on the variety, the duration of fruiting ranged from 67-85 days with the value of this indicator in the control 72-77 days. The highest yield was obtained by mulching the soil with perforated black polyethylene film, where the increase relative to the control was 10.9 - 28.0 t / ha, respectively. The highest percentage of harvested early products was provided by options for mulching the soil with black agrofiber and perforated black polyethylene film at the level of 6.6-8.3% in 2016 (control - 0.8-4.1%) and 3.2-5, 0% in 2018, while in the control versions the collection started a decade later. The most intensive fruiting of zucchini was observed from the first decade of July to the first decade of August for all years of research.
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Cardoso, Deisy Lúcia, Denise Renata Pedrinho, Giselle Feliciani Barbosa, Wolff Camargo Marques Filho, José Antônio Maior Bono, and José Francisco Assis Rolim. "Soil mulch in control of soil temperature and incidence of weeds in the production of crisphead lettuce." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): e1869119729. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9729.
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It was evaluated the effects of different types of mulching of soil in the cultivation of crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivar “Lucy Brown”, in the spring period, on weed control, soil temperature and productivity. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications in plots of 14.0m2. The following coverages were studied: Pennisetum glaucum L., Avena strigosa, Brachiaria ruziziensis, plus the control treatment (soil without mulching). The use of mulching of soil, P. glaucum and B. ruziziensis, proved to be a beneficial practice, reducing the soil temperature by up to 5ºC. There was a lower incidence of weeds with the use of the P. glaucum and A. strigosa coverages. The use of mulch did not provide a significant gain in productivity, however, there was a gain regarding the quality of the product, since the coverage with P. glaucum provided an increase in the size of the head (fresh mass of the commercial head).
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Kambulov, S. I., G. G. Parkhomenko, Yu A. Semenikhina, and I. V. Bozhko. "USE OF MULCHING ROLLERS DESIGNED FOR A COMBINED TILLAGE UNIT." TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 3 (23) (September 28, 2020): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-3-23-113-121.
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SZEKELY-VARGA, Zsolt, Monica Tereza BOSCAIU NEAGU, and Maria CANTOR. "Research Concerning the Use of Different Mulching Methods on Lavender." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0011.
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Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is a highly appreciated and precious shrub worldwide due to the high essential oil content and properties. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of organic farming on lavender production. The experiment was carried out during a 2-years period (2018 - 2019) at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, in the experimental field. The biological material used in this experiment was represented by two Lavandula angustifolia Mill. cultivars (‘Codreanca’ and ‘Sevtopolis’). The observations consisted of the evaluation of weed density, two times/year, at the beginning and at the end of the flowering period of the lavender plants. As expected, the highest weed density was in the control treatment followed by the straw/hay treatment while the lowest weed density was recorded in the treatment with the mulch foil.
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Wang, Yahui, Sien Li, Hao Liang, Kelin Hu, Shujing Qin, and Hui Guo. "Comparison of Water- and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency over Drip Irrigation with Border Irrigation Based on a Model Approach." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121890.
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Drip irrigation under film mulching is widely promoted to replace traditional border irrigation in order to meet water saving demand in arid and semiarid regions. Our study aims to investigate quantitatively the change in crop yield, water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) under film mulching drip irrigation. We conducted a 4-year contrastive experiment containing two treatments on flux measurement: (1) border irrigation (BI) under film mulching; (2) drip irrigation (DI) under film mulching. Soil water and nitrate transport and utilization in the Soil–Plants–Atmosphere Continuum system, and crop dry matter were all simulated based on an integrated model of a soil-crop system: water, heat, carbon and nitrogen simulator (WHCNS). Results showed soil water content (SWC), soil NO3−-N content, evapotranspiration (ET), and crop dry matter (Wtotal) produced by the model were in agreement with those measured. Our study showed the irrigation and nitrogen input and output were significantly changed after BI was replaced by DI. Compared with BI treatment, DI treatment decreased ET consumption by 9% annually over four years, while it increased WUE and NUE on the farmland on average by about 28% and 39% yearly. The increase of WUE and NUE were mainly due to a significant decrease of about 56% and 68% in water and nitrogen leakage loss in DI treatment, respectively, during 2014–2017. Our study confirmed the economic and environmental benefits of the DI technology and showed its improvement prospect in the research field. Meanwhile, the results contributed to the improvement and more effective application of DI in a larger region, and provided a data basis for further study on water and fertilizer saving characteristics of DI technology.
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Кучер, М. Ф., and Л. В. Постоленко. "Оцінка впливу мульчування прикущових смуг і зрошення на ріст та продуктивність смородини чорної." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2016.03.07.
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Наведено результати оцінки сумарного однорічного приросту рослин сортів смородини чорної та проведено оцінку їхньої продуктивності в разі мульчування прикущових смуг та використання зрошення. В результаті проведення досліджень встановлено, що у всіх досліджуваних сортів використання мульчуючих матеріалів у прикущових смугах сприяло істотному збільшенню сумарного однорічного приросту як у варіантах з використанням краплинного зрошення, так і без зрошення на фоні контрольного варіанту – чорний пар. Найвищу продуктивність насаджень смородини чорної забезпечує сумісне використання краплинного зрошення та мульчуючих матеріалів.
The results of estimation of total one-year plants’ increase of sorts of black currant are resulted and estimation of their productivity is conducted at mulching of stripes near bushes and use of irrigation. It is set as a result of researches, that at all explored sorts of the use of mulching materials in stripes near bushes bars was instrumental in the substantial increase of total one-year increase both in variants with the use of tiny irrigation and without irrigation on a background of control variant – black pair. The greatest productivity of planting of black currant provides the compatible use of tiny irrigation and mulching materials.
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Ragab, M. I., and Kh A. Okasha. "912 PB 156 EFFECT OF SOIL STERILIZATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE GAS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF STRAWBERRY (Fragana × ananassa) Duch." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 564f—564. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.564f.
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The objective of thus work was to study the effect of soil fumigation with methyl bromide and different mulching types on growth and productivity of the strawberry cultivar Chandler. The experiment Included 8 Treatments which were the combination of 2 soil fumigation treatments × 4 mulching polyethylene types A split plot design with four replicates was adopted Soil fumigation treatments (fumigated and non fumigated) were assigned as main plots, whereas the four mulching polyethylene treatment (control, black, white and transparent) were distributed as subplots. Results Indicated that in order to improve the vegetable growth and to increase the high yielding ability of strawberry cv. Chandler, it is recommended to fumigate soil with methyl bromide gas (50 gm/m2) and apply transparent polyethylene soil mulching Moreover, in strawberry fields where weeds show serious problem. it is better to use the black polyethylene in controlling weeds of both the fumigated and non fumigated soils.
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He, Zhaoquan, Xue Shang, and Tonghui Zhang. "Study on Water Saving Potential and Net Profit of Zea mays L.: The Role of Surface Mulching with Micro-Spray Irrigation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010402.
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Water shortage threatens agricultural sustainability in Horqin Sandy Land, northeast China. To explore the effects of various surface mulching patterns with micro-spray irrigation on the yield, water consumption (ETc), and water-saving potential of maize (Zea mays L.), we used three treatments: straw mulching (JG), organic fertilizer mulching (NF), and no mulching (WG; control). In each treatment, plants were supplied with 500 mm of total water (irrigation plus precipitation) during the entire growing season and were irrigated with the amount of total water supply minus precipitation. Yield and water use efficiency (WUE) showed a significant negative correlation with water saving potential per unit yield (Py) and water saving potential per unit area (Sp), which were also consistent with their relationships in the function model. Meanwhile, a remarkably positive correlation occurred between yield, WUE, and net economic profit, respectively. The JG treatment, which was mainly affected by light and temperature production potential (Yc), grain yield, and ETc, showed the lowest Py (0.16 m3 kg−1) and Sp (2572.31 m3 hm−2), and the maximum increase in yield, WUE, and net economic profit, extending to 16,178.40 kg hm−2, 3.25 kg m−3, 17,610.09 yuan hm−2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in NF and WG, (p <0.05). Thus, straw mulching with micro-spray irrigation was the best treatment for maximizing yield and WUE. Organic manure mulching and no mulching need further investigation, as these showed high Py and Sp, which were together responsible for lower WUE.
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Gadelha, Bruna B., Márcio H. da C. Freire, Henderson C. Sousa, Francisco H. R. Costa, Carla I. N. Lessa, and Geocleber G. de Sousa. "Growth and yield of beet irrigated with saline water in different types of vegetable mulching." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 25, no. 12 (December 2021): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n12p847-852.
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ABSTRACT Vegetal mulching can mitigate the harmful effects of salts present in irrigation water. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity and mulching on the growth and yield of beet crops. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Redenção, Ceará State. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with five replicates, composed of two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw: tap water - 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution - 5.8 dS m-1; and four types of mulching (rice hulls, carnauba bagana, crop residues, and a control treatment without soil cover). The use of vegetal mulching, mitigated the effects of irrigation with saline water on the variables plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, and tuberous root. The increase of the salt concentration in irrigation water negatively affected the number of leaves, length of the tuberous root, and yield. But, it increased the soluble solids in the beet crop.
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Walsh, K. B., and S. Ragupathy. "Mycorrhizal colonisation of three hybrid papayas (Carica papaya) under mulched and bare ground conditions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05319.
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The use of straw mulching has been demonstrated to decrease soil loss and to improve soil moisture and soil organic matter content in conjunction with papaya (Carica papaya) cultivation. Mulching may also benefit soil biota. In this study, mulching was demonstrated to significantly (P < 0.05) improve arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation of papaya roots (by a factor of 2.4), but decreased spore density and species diversity (by a factor of 1.5), compared with cultivation in bare ground. The genera Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora and Sclerocystis dominated in both mulched and bare ground systems. The increased mycorrhizal activity in the mulched treatments was matched by an increase in leaf phosphorus in 1995 but not in 1997.
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Luo, Jun, Zhi Chen, and Kai Yan Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Cotton Mulching Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.791.
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The extensive use of plastic film has caused serious environmental pollution. In this paper, the fully degradable cotton mulching film was produced from waste cotton fiber by wet papermaking process. The breaking strength, tearing strength, degradation rate, transparency, air and moisture permeability of the cotton film samples were tested and analyzed. The results show that the cotton mulching film has better mechanical properties, light transmittance, and excellent degradation characteristics.
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Bucki, Piotr, and Piotr Siwek. "Organic and non-organic mulches – impact on environmental conditions, yield, and quality of Cucurbitaceae." Folia Horticulturae 31, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2019-0009.
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AbstractThe publication presents the current state of knowledge regarding the importance of mulching in the cultivation of Cucurbitaceae (cucurbit, or gourd family) vegetables. The intensifying climate change – mainly decreasing rainfall – combined with large-scale production of cucurbit vegetables worldwide prompt the application of methods that reduce evaporation and weed infestation. One of the widespread methods is mulching of the soil. The most important advantages of this treatment include the efficient use of water, the reduction in soil erosion and in the leaching of nutrients to the deeper layers. In addition, mulching improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and positively affects the surrounding microclimate of the plant. The report includes descriptions of the characteristics of various types of organic, mineral and synthetic mulches used. The results of studies on the environmental conditions forming in mulched soil are presented. Also, the results of research into the physico-chemical properties of mulch-covered soil are collated. The effect of mulching on cucurbit vegetables was evaluated in terms of plant growth and development as well as fruit yield and its biological value. The monograph also deals with the effect of mulching on weed infestation, as well as the occurrence of harmful and beneficial organisms.
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Michelon, Nicola, Giuseppina Pennisi, Nang Ohn Myint, Francesco Orsini, and Giorgio Gianquinto. "Strategies for Improved Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of Field-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under a Semi-Arid Climate." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050668.
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Water use efficiency is a main research target in agriculture, which consumes 70% of global freshwater. This study aimed at identifying sustainable water management strategies for the lettuce crop in a semi-arid climate. Three independent experiments were carried out on a commercial variety of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by applying different irrigation levels based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), estimated through both the Hargreaves–Samani and Penman–Monteith equations. In the first experiment, one treatment was also guided by soil moisture sensors. In the second and third experiments, a factorial combination was used, combining the different irrigation levels with two soil mulching treatments, namely soil without mulch, and soil mulched with dried rice straw residues. The application of different irrigation levels significantly affected plant growth, yield, and physiology. Both the adoption of sensors for guiding irrigation and the application of mulching with straw promoted higher yield. As the irrigation water level was reduced, the WUE (water use efficiency) increased. WUE was also increased by covering the soil with mulch. The experiments point out that accurate management of irrigation water using a drip irrigation system associated with soil mulching increases yield and improves the WUE of lettuce crops in the Central Dry Zone, Myanmar.
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Liu, Yan Xia. "Recovery and Utilization of Waste Plastic Mulching Film in China Rural Areas – Tanking Awat County, Xinjiang as Example." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2213.
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The overuse of plastic mulching film in Awat county caused a gradual process of deterioration of the local soil environment, greatly polluted the environmental sanitation in rural areas and hindered the improvement of agricultural machinery's operation quality. After analyzing the related data of plastic mulching film use, and the status of its' recovery and utilization in Awat county, presented the optimizing countermeasures from the following aspects: strengthening the propaganda of the harmfulness of “white pollution”, promoting local peasants' ecological civilization consciousness; developing waste plastic recycling enterprises, broadening the recycling channels; formulating preferential policies to increase the support for waste plastic recycling; controlling and reducing the plastic mulching film residuals from farming techniques; intensifying residual plastic recycling by combining manual and mechanical recycling.
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SOUZA, THAIS EMANUELLE MONTEIRO DOS SANTOS, ELISÂNGELA PEREIRA GONÇALVES, DJALMA SILVA PEREIRA, LUANA MENEZES DOS SANTOS, LÍVIA SANTOS MACHADO, and EDIVAN RODRIGUES DE SOUZA. "REDUCING EROSION IN SORGHUM CROPS WITH MULCHING." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 3 (July 2018): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n323rc.
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ABSTRACT Researches evaluating the use of mulch has contributing to optimize soil management towards sustainability, and improving soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of mulching on the reduction of erosion in a soil with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) crops subjected to simulated rainfall and increased soil organic carbon. The experiment was carried out from August to December 2013 under field conditions, using a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of sorghum with mulch, using the local vegetation available in the area; and sorghum without mulch. Simulated rainfalls were performed in three different periods of the crop cycle (initial, intermediate, and final), using a rainfall simulator. The use of mulch in soils with sorghum crops was efficient in improving soil water retention in all phases of the crop, and maintaining soil moisture during the rainfall intervals used, resulting in the absence of plant water loss, and greater contribution to soil organic carbon.
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Silva, Karin DP, Rivanildo Dallacort, and Adalberto Santi. "Lettuce cultivation submitted to mulching treatments under open environment." Horticultura Brasileira 35, no. 3 (September 2017): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620170316.
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ABSTRACT The authors aimed to evaluate the behavior of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cv. Solaris, submitted to mulching in open environment. The experiment was carried out from April to June 2012, in the experimental area at Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, in Tangará da Serra, Brazil. The experiment was conducted on the field, being the experimental design completely randomized with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of the mulching types: black polyethylene, white polyethylene, black TNT, white TNT, rice husk and one treatment without mulching (bare soil). The evaluated traits were plant and stalk diameter, length of the stalk, total and commercial number of leaves, total and commercial fresh matter. The use of mulching with white polyethylene and rice husk favored the production of lettuce in tropical environment, obtaining the highest averages for the production variables total fresh matter (322.55 and 304.80 g/plant, respectively), commercial fresh matter (276.74 and 274.54 g/plant, respectively), total number of leaves (26.4 and 25.7 leaves, respectively), number of commercial leaves (21.7 and 22.1 leaves, respectively) and stalk length (5.48 and 5.79 cm, respectively).
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Kaur, Ramandeep, Charanjeet Kaur, and Tarundeep Kaur. "Weed management through rice straw mulching and herbicide use in maize." Indian Journal of Weed Science 52, no. 1 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2020.00015.5.
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Dreni, M. "The use of biodegradable mulching on industry tomatoes in northern Italy." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1252 (September 2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1252.8.
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Domullodzhanov, Daler. "Technologies of drop irrigation of young almond garden on terraces in foothland conditions of the Kyzylsu-Yuzhnaya river basin." Melioration and Water Management, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2021-1-12-15.
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The article presents the results of field experiments on the study of the technology of drip irrigation of a young almond orchard on terraces with clear cover with tillage soil surface, with use of mulching and overseeding of perennial grasses. In the variant with mulching, the minimum amount of irrigation observed – 24, with the irrigation norm – 1904 litre per tree. In other cases, the number of irrigation events increases from 8 to 23, respectively, the irrigation norms are 1.39 and 2.06 times.
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He, Zhaoquan, Tonghui Zhang, Xinping Liu, and Xue Shang. "Water-Yield Relationship Responses of Maize to Ridge-Furrow Planting Systems Coupled with Multiple Irrigation Levels in China’s Horqin Sandy Land." Agronomy 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100221.
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Water scarcity threatens the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions, and ridge-furrow planting systems (RFPS) can be a prospective rainwater harvesting approach. In this study, we aimed to develop a promising water-saving strategy to boost maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). In 2017, we carried out a field experiment to study the effects of various RFPS with multiple irrigation levels on the yield-water relationship of maize (Zea mays L.). Eleven treatments were set up: RFPS with film mulching on both ridges and furrows and without water supply after seed emergence, abbreviated as QF; RFPS with film mulching on continuous ridges, abbreviated as MD, including SMD, MMD, and LMD (S, M, and L—three water supply (irrigation plus precipitation) levels of 650 mm, 500 mm, and 350 mm during the whole growing season); RFPS without film mulching, abbreviated as DD, including SDD, MDD, and LDD; conventional flat planting with no film mulching, abbreviated as GG, including SGG, MGG, and LGG; localized full irrigation (actual amount of irrigation excessively exceeding the quantity needed), abbreviated as NM. A positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.95–1), a quadratic curve, and a negative linear relationship were observed between the irrigation water level and actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc), grain yield, and WUE, respectively. The ETc of QF (292 mm) was substantially lower than that of the other treatments (p < 0.01), saving 649 mm of irrigation water and increasing the yield by 2.24% compared with those of NM. Meanwhile, the WUE and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of QF reached maximums of 6.3 and 47.36 kg m−3, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments (p < 0.001). The results showed that planting in an RFPS with film mulching on both ridges and furrows (a ridge-to-furrow ratio of 50:30, with a 38 mm irrigation level) is suitable for maize to obtain high yield and reduce irrigation water use significantly.
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Lü, Xiao Lian, Meng Zang, Xiao Rong Lü, and Wei Ming Wu. "Design of the Plant Spacing Adjustable Dibbler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 574 (July 2014): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.574.239.
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According to the problems that caving device of the mulching film and punching planter that hard to adjust the plant distance problem and the low frequency of use at present, the plant spacing adjustable dibbler was designed for continuously adjustable planting distance of the caving device. The adjustable dibbler can be realize continuous adjustable of plant spacing in certain range, when the planter was working. It is to achieve the aim of a machine used several purposes, expand the scope of use, and improve the frequency of use. By the UGNX virtual prototyping technology, completed the design of the overall structure of the adjustable dibbler. The study provides reference for the design and development of the mulching film and punching planter.
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Raheem Lahmod, Nabil, Jawadayn Talib Alkooranee, Ahmed Abed Gatea Alshammary, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. "Effect of Wheat Straw as a Cover Crop on the Chlorophyll, Seed, and Oilseed Yield of Trigonella foeunm graecum L under Water Deficiency and Weed Competition." Plants 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8110503.
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The effects of water stress on fenugreek crops are well documented. However, little is known about how these plants respond to water deficits under a soil-mulching system when the surface is protected. Therefore, the current research aims to demonstrate the possibility of reducing the impact of water stress and weed competition on the fenugreek crop through the use of wheat residues as a cover crop on the soil surface. A field experiment was carried out during the winter season (2016–2017) using a split-plot design arrangement with three replicates. The experiments included four levels of water deficit, which consisted of a 40% depletion treatment as a control plot, and 50%, 60%, and 70% depletion from the field capacity (DFC) for the other studied fields. The subplot division consisted of mulching the soil with wheat residues. The results demonstrated that soil-mulching systems and a water deficit are able to impact fenugreek yield of seed and oil. Additionally, soil mulching led to a decrease in weed density and biomass, chlorophyll content, and biological yield. Although high water deficit (70% DFC) led to yield and growth reduction, the use of wheat residue as a cover crop moderated the effect of a strong water deficit on plants and showed clear reduction of weed growth. Therefore, the results suggest that soil mulching can mitigate the adverse effects of water deficit by conserving soil moisture and decreasing weeds, which can be considered an acclimation mechanism under water-deficit conditions to avoid yield loss. Moreover, the allelopathic effects of wheat residue were observed on fenugreek crops subjected to irrigation after depleting 40% soil water moisture, but these effects disappeared within 90 days of sowing. We conclude that these results can help future agricultural planning and systems in order to increase productivity, reduce irrigation costs, and conserve soil quality.
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Abduwaiti, Anwar, Xiaowei Liu, Changrong Yan, Yinghao Xue, Tuo Jin, Hongqi Wu, Pengcheng He, Zhe Bao, and Qin Liu. "Testing Biodegradable Films as Alternatives to Plastic-Film Mulching for Enhancing the Yield and Economic Benefits of Processed Tomato in Xinjiang Region." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063093.
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The extensive application of plastic-film mulching (PFM) has brought a series of environmental pollution due to the lack of awareness of plastic-film rational use and absence of plastic residues recycling in China. In addition, the use of degradable film instead of common polyethylene plastic film (PE film) can effectively alleviate this situation. The substitution of PE film with biodegradable film in the agricultural production of processed tomato in Xinjiang region was investigated in this study. Using bare soil as the control, we compared the effects of PE film and biodegradable film mulching on crop growth, yield, and economic benefits in processed tomato. The results indicated that: (1) Biodegradable film with a thickness of about 8 μm can meet the mechanical operation requirements, and the effect of biodegradable film mulching was completely consistent with that of PE film; (2) Four kinds of biodegradable film can meet the requirements of processed tomato growth and development, although slightly different from PE film in increasing temperature and water retention; (3) Plastic-film planting can ensure a net profit of 1.14–1.64 ten thousand CNY per hectare under the current production conditions and mode of Xinjiang region, and biodegradable film planting was observed to be essentially equal to those of PE film; (4) Nearly 50%–70% of the biodegradable film was ruptured and degraded during processed tomato harvesting, which avoided the occurrence of the winch of the plastic-film winding harvester and improves the efficiency and commodity rate of the processed tomato harvest operation. As the biodegradable film mulching causes no residual pollution, it is accepted to be an alternative to plastic-film mulching for agricultural applications and supports the sustainable development of agroecosystems in Xinjiang region.
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Karkanis, A., D. Bilalis, A. Efthimiadou, and N. Katsenios. "Comparison between conventional and organic weed management: growth and yield of leek (Allium porrum L.)." Horticultural Science 39, No. 2 (May 14, 2012): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/162/2011-hortsci.
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Leek is a weak competitor against weeds. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of herbicides and mulching on weed flora, growth and yield of a leek crop. A randomized complete block design was employed with five replicates per treatment (control, mulching with barley straw, post-transplant application of the herbicide oxyfluorfen at 360 g a.i./ha and pre-transplant application of pendimethalin at 1,650 g a.i./ha). The order of weed sensitivity to mulches was black nightshade (72–85%), venice mallow (80%) > redroot pigweed (70–74%), barnyardgrass (67–77%) > jimsonweed (65%) > common purslane (42–45%). Oxyfluorfen had the highest control of jimsonweed, venice mallow and common purslane. There were no significant effects of the pendimethalin treatment on weed control ratings of jimsonweed, venice mallow and field bindweed. Injury symptoms (small white spots) appeared on leek leaves exposed to oxyfluorfen. The highest yield of leek was recorded with the oxyfluorfen application. Our results indicate that mulching and oxyfluorfen application provides satisfactory control of weeds. The use of mulching is an option for the weed management in organic leek crop.