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1
Sinno, Rami Assem 1964. "Quality assurance for the clinical ferromagnetic seeds project." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276967.
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Surgically implanted thermoregulating ferromagnetic seeds as a mean of inducing hyperthermia in malignant tumors has been successfully introduced in a clinical environment at the University of Arizona. This work covers topics in quality assurance for the method on two levels. The first level deals with the magnetic induction system where magnetic and electric fields are measured. A discussion on safety levels for patients and treatment personnel is given, and an optically coupled probe for magnetic field measurements is described. The second level treats the electrical characteristics of the ferromagnetic seeds. Systems to measure the permeability and conductivity of the seeds are presented with some typical results. Finally, hysteresis power loss in a seed is measured and compared to losses due to eddy currents.
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Mokgope, Lethabo B. "Cowpea seed coats and their extracts phenolic composition and use as antioxidants in sunflower oil /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-100548.
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Hepburn, Henry A. "Investigations into the potential use of physical-chemical properties of crop seeds as indicators of seed germinability and early seedling growth." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333439.
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Electrical conductivity of soakwater was measured for individual seeds from a range of crop species. Conductivity was expected to increase with loss of germinability since deterioration is thought to degrade membrane permeability in seeds leading to increased loss of cellular contents during imbibition. Non-terminable seeds had, on average, higher soakwater conductivities per seed than germinable seeds. Heavier seeds tended to have higher conductivities per seed than lighter seeds, partly explaining overlaps between the soakwater conductivity distributions of germination categories. Re-expressing conductivity on a unit weight basis reduced the effect of seed size (weight) and led to improved differentiation between seed germination categories, but their conductivity distributions still overlapped. Genera, cultivar or seed lot, and soak time also influenced soakwater conductivity and the differentiation between seed germination categories. Tetrazolium vital staining of radish and onion seeds revealed that small areas of damage on crucial tissue sites could cause non-germinability with low soakwater conductivity. Seeds with extensive damage away from these sites could be germinable with high soakwater conductivities. Such instances accounted for some of the overlap in conductivity distributions. Larger graded seeds were more susceptible to imbibition damage than smaller graded seeds. The smallest hand graded seeds of onion and Brussels sprout showed reduced germination percentage and seedling growth compared with larger graded seeds. K+ was present in soakwater of individual pea and soyabean seeds in far greater amounts than Mg2+ or Ca2+ and, along with UV absorbance at 210nm and 260nm, tended to have higher values for non-germinable compared with germinable seeds. These soakwater measurements were no more effective than electrical conductivity at differentiating between seed germination categories.
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Shapiro, Michael. "Ensuring Our Future or Sowing the Seeds of Our Own Destruction? Crop Insurance and Water Use in Texas." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/131.
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Agriculture is the largest consumer of water in the United States. Policies that affect agriculture therefore have the potential to have a large effect on the overall use of water. Crop insurance is one such policy, which was found to significantly increase water use in the state of Texas. Much, but not all of this effect can be explained by an increase in planting density, and results vary widely by crop and by region.
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Harris, Taahir. "Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) from Mpumalanga province of South Africa: phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of seeds and product extracts." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2789.
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Thesis MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) an indigenous legume cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa has been proclaimed to have medicinal properties from communities and in rural areas. However, there is not enough scientific information to validate these claims. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible medicinal properties of Bambara groundnut (BGN), by analysing the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of BGN seed and product extracts from Mpumalanga province within South Africa. The BGN extracts (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, milli-Q water) from seeds and products (milk and yoghurt) were screened for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, riboflavin and thiamine using analytical laboratory methods for basic screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for quantification. The antimicrobial activity involved direct bioautography and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 33591 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433. For the seed extracts, flavonoids and phenols were highly concentrated in the red and brown hulls of BGN compared to whole and dehulled BGN. Organic solvents in comparison to water yielded the highest concentration of flavonoids, whilst water yielded the highest concentration for phenols. Flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (24.458 ± 0.234 mg.g-1, brown hull extracted with 70% methanol), quercetin (0.070 ± 0.043 mg.g-1, red hull extracted with 70% methanol), kaempferol (0.391 ± 0.161 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with 70% ethanol) and myricetin (1.800 ± 0.771 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with 70% methanol). For phenol compounds, gallic acid (0.009 ± 0.004 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), catechin (0.026 ± 0.041 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), methyl gallate (0.008 ± 0.013 mg.g-1; brown whole extracted with milli-Q water), chlorogenic acid (0.115 ± 0.199 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water) and ellagic acid (0.105 ± 0.082 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with milli-Q water) were detected. Vitamins B1 and B2 (riboflavin and thiamine) were mostly present in milli-Q water extracts. Black-eye hull had the highest concentration of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) consisting of 0.072 mg.g-1 (extracted with milli-Q water) and 0.002 mg.g-1 (extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol). Red and brown hull extracts from organic solvents (70% ethanol and 70% methanol) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas the whole, dehulled and hulls (black-eye and brown-eye) extracts had no antimicrobial activity. As for BGN products extracts, flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (5.694 mg.g-1, whole BGN milk, milli-Q water), quercetin (0.703 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, milli-Q water) and myricetin (0.987 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, 70% ethanol).
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Gharbi, Amel G. "Use of monoclonal-based serodiagnostic assays for detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in infected tomato seeds and seedlings /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914826314.
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Rihan, Hail. "Plant tissue culture and artificial seed production techniques for cauliflower and their use to study molecular analysis of abiotic stress tolerance." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3105.
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A protocol for cauliflower micro-propagule production was developed and optimised for both micropropagation and artificial seed production techniques using meristematic tissues from cauliflower curd. All steps in the protocol were empirically optimised including: blending, sieving, culture methods, liquid culture media composition and plant growth regulator combinations and concentrations. The cost of the micro-propagules could be reduced by as much as 50% on the initial costings reported previously since treatments doubled the number of microshoots produced per culture unit. The research confirmed the suitability of cauliflower microshoots to be encapsulated as artificial seeds and an effective protocol for microshoot encapsulation was designed through the optimization of 1) the production of cauliflower microshoots suitable for encapsulation, 2) encapsulation procedures, 3) artificial seed artificial endosperm structure, 4) conversion materials. The possibility of culturing cauliflower artificial seeds in commercial substrates such as perlite, sand, vermiculite and compost was confirmed. The use of plant preservative mixture (PPM) for the control of contamination in cauliflower culture media and artificial seeds was optimised and the effect of this material on the development of plant material was assessed. It was confirmed that cauliflower artificial seed could be stored in a domestic refrigerator for up to 6 months which could have a great impact in cauliflower breeding programmes. The huge number of cauliflower microshoots that could be produced using this protocol and the homogeneity of the culture system, provided a tool for the molecular analysis of cauliflower microshoots (and artificial seed) abiotic stress tolerance analysis. Various treatments were conducted to improve microshoot cold tolerance and the up-regulation of the CBF/DREB1 transcription factor including low temperature acclimation, mannitol, ABA (abscisic acid) and Mo (molybdenum). Microshoots were confirmed to acclimate successfully using low temperature. Mo was shown to improve the cold tolerance of cauliflower microshoots and to up-regulate CBF/DREB1 in the absence of low temperature acclimation. Acclimation did not increase the accumulation of dehydrin proteins and it is concluded that dehydrins do not play a significant role in the cold tolerance of cauliflower microshoots. Since cauliflower breeding and seed multiplication protocols make extensive use of micropropagation, the studies reported in this research could make a significant impact by decreasing the cost of micropropagation and increasing its reliability. It also opens new perspectives for further research for cauliflower artificial seed production and the possibility of sowing these seeds directly in the field. Furthermore, this research helps to facilitate cauliflower breeding programmes by improving the understanding of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms and the relationship between different types of abiotic stresses such as cold and drought.
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Ali, Ahmed. "Use of pectinases to improve the nutritive value of lupins for poultry." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0094.
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[Truncated abstract] Australia produces 87% of the worlds lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) which have the potential to be an excellent source of protein and energy in animal diets. However, feed manufacturers and poultry producers cannot use more than about 5% lupins in broiler and 7% in layer diets. The main reason is because 34% of the lupin grain comprises complex cell-wall polysaccharides that are indigestible. The main component of cell walls in lupins is pectin (33%). Poultry cannot digest pectin because they don't secrete the appropriate enzymes so their ability to use lupins is limited. Undigested pectins increase the viscosity of digesta in the bird's digestive tract, which in turn reduces the digestibility of dry matter and efficiency of feed utilisation. Pectins also increase water-holding capacity, a characteristic directly related to water intake and wet droppings. In this thesis, I tested the general hypothesis that breakdown of cell walls and pectins will improve the nutritive value of lupins for broilers and layers and reduce wet droppings. This hypothesis was tested in six experiments by treating lupins with specific exogenous enzymes (pectinases) or mechanical-heat treatment (expansion) plus pectinase. In the first experiment, attempts to break down the cell walls and pectins using four doses of pectinase, specifically polygalacturonase (PG), succeeded in improving the nutritive value of whole and dehulled lupins for egg layers. The lowest dose, 0.6g/kg diet, was the most effective dose for reducing water intake, wet droppings, the viscosity of the digesta and the number of soiled eggs. ... Equivalent figures for layers were 14, 15, 5 and 8%, indicating that the pectinases were slightly more effective in layers than broilers. For diets containing 20% dehulled lupins, pectinases were also very effective at breaking down both pectin and cell walls to release nutrients and, concomitantly, reducing water intake and wet droppings, but the magnitude of the responses was slightly less than with the 10% dehulled lupin diets. For diets containing 30% dehulled lupins, although the pectinases again were effective at breaking down pectin and cell walls and reducing viscosity, they did not reduce water intake or wet droppings. This might be due to the large amounts of nonmethylated pectic polysaccharides, which make up two thirds of the cell walls, by increasing water-holding capacity particularly when dehulled lupins are included in the diet at high levels (up to 30%). These polysaccharides might be broken down by appropriate enzymes. This hypothesis is worth testing in the future. Overall, the results of my study supported the general hypothesis. These in vivo results are conclusive and consistent. They show that an optimum combination of PME and PG is capable of including dehulled lupins up to 20% in broiler and layer diets without any nutritional or hygienic problems. The strategies I developed have proven very useful for breaking down the cell walls and pectins, improving the nutritive value of lupins for broilers and layers, and reducing wet droppings. By using the optimum combination of two pectinases, it should be possible to make substantial improvements in the nutritive value of lupins for broilers and layers, most importantly by reducing excessive water intake and wet droppings associated with feeding dehulled lupins. Without pectinases, the amount of dehulled lupins used in poultry diets is fairly small (7%), but if pectinases are used, this upper limit can be lifted to 20%.
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Hoyt, Andrew. "Seeds of Disempowerment: Bt cotton and Accumulation by Dispossession in the States of Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh in India." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157545/.
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In 1991, India adopted neoliberalism, a system of political economic practices that promotes private property and free trade, as its political and economic system to promote development in their country. India's neoliberal reform has created issues surrounding human development, resource accumulation, and power struggles. Eleven years later, in 2002, Bt cotton was introduced to the Indian agricultural sector. This research examines how the genetically modified organism Bt cotton is being used to commodify nature in the context of agriculture under neoliberalism. The research focuses on the dispossession of the rural farmers through the commodification of agriculture using Bt cotton. Dispossession of the rural farmers happen through the implications that arise from the commodification of nature. Through Marxist theory of primitive accumulation, this research analyzes accumulation by dispossession and how it neglects the working class and its struggle in rural India. Through this examination, the research will argue alternatives to the dispossession of the working class and the commodification of nature through Bt cotton. Dispossession, in this research, is examined both through working class, but also through the dispossession of biodiversity. Through the loss of biodiversity, the rural farmers are becoming dispossessed from a more sustainable environment. Along with these goals, the research will also incorporate themes of food security through changing landscape of agriculture due to the incorporation of Bt cotton. This research argues the contradictions that are presented through the commodification of agriculture under neoliberalism and provide a contribution to social justice literature, and our understanding of the relationship between technology and the commodification of nature.
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Gamarra, Maria Estela Ojeda. "Evolución de la producción y comercialización de semillas de soja en Paraguay (1997/2013)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3210.
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Sem bolsa
La producción de soja en Paraguay junto con los demás productos del sector agrícola, como la ganadería y la producción forestal han llevado a generar el mayor crecimiento de la economía en los últimos tiempos, siendo las previsiones de crecimiento para el 2013 de 13%. Si bien la producción de soja se inicia en la década de 1970 como complemento del programa de trigo, no es hasta finales de 1.990 que se produce una gran expansión del área de producción con la adopción de la siembra directa y la soja RR. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo hacer una revisión de la información existente sobre la producción de soja y su relación con la comercialización de semilla en el periodo de 1997 a 2013. En el 2004 se aprueba el uso comercial por primera vez de variedades de soja transgénica, soja RR, pero anteriormente ya se reporta datos de introducción de soja RR sin autorización legal, razón por la cual no se cuenta con datos de las primeras introducciones al sistema productivo, estos se tienen a partir recién del 2005. La línea de tendencia de la comercialización de semillas nos muestra una tendencia alcista, pero aún no satisface las necesidades de semillas. La ley 385/94 de Semillas y Protección de Cultivares y la aprobación comercial del evento de soja RR, junto con el acuerdo de toda la cadena de producción de reconocer los derechos de propiedad intelectual de la tecnología de soja RR, fueron incentivos para que empresas dueñas de germoplasmas se establecieran en el país y fueran las responsables de la introducción de variedades cada vez mejor adaptadas a las condiciones climáticas locales y a la tecnología de producción de los agricultores. En cuanto a la industria semillera nacional, la misma lentamente va aumentado su participación en el comercio de semillas e invirtiendo en tecnologías que permiten mejorar la calidad de las semillas ofertadas al mercado.
Soya production in Paraguay, together with other products coming from the agricultural sector such....
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Nováková, Gita. "Ocenění podniku společnosti Bejo Bohemia,s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116590.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the value in use of the company BEJO BOHEMIA, s.r.o. for its only owner -- the dutch company BEJO ZADEN. The appraisal is valid as of 31. 8. 2011. BEJO BOHEMIA, s.r.o. operates as a seller of vegetable seeds. The thesis is divided into following parts: strategic and financial analysis, generators of value, financial plan and appraisal. The appraisal is based on the DCF Equity method (with the use of alternative scenarios) and two alternative methods -- Similar public company method and Book value. The final interval of the appraisal is determined by the alternative scenarios of the DCF Equity methods.
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Laurent, Natasha. "Land of the scattered seed : nature, memory and silence." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45270.
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South Africa’s shameful migrant labor policies of the past have left a socioeconomic
mark on the families of millions.
The ruin in the garden has long been a fascination of many artists and poets, but
in the case of an abandoned compound complex alongside Cullinan’s diamond
mine, the author is left unsettled with the thought of the romanticisation of the
compound falling to ruins. The anesthesia has to stop at some point.
Nature and time have acted upon the compound and has allowed for a large
amount to be erased from the publics’ greater memories, (partly due to its inherent
isolation and its inaccessibility to the public). Nature is only doing what it knows
best - to carry on and heal. The convoluted question needs to be asked, when does
it become necessary for human influence to occur and stop a natural process of
decay, especially in question of preserving tangible heritage? In Skelton’s poem, it
is suggested that the place is ‘filled with music”. This dissertation will attempt the
opposite; to fill a place with silences so as to expose and reveal the narrative of the
hardships endured to the lives of so many before us.
The proposed intervention manifests as a meeting point between nature and the
memory embedded in the site, and allows for mediation between healing, adaptive
reuse and memorialization. A dialogue must be formed between what is ruin, the
new condition and its relation to the wild nature of the Highveld as well as the new
introduced vegetation for consumption and research.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Al-Helal, Ali A. "The use of isoenzymes in the study of germination, development and breeding of legumes." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7881/.
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Amylase activities and patterns were compared in extracts from mature seeds and from different parts of seedlings at various stages of seed germination of various varieties of different legume species. Apart from soyabean, all varieties had low levels of amylase activities in extracts from mature seeds, while the former had a remarkably high level. Amylase activities and the number of bands increased during seed germination and showed time and tissue specifity. The extracts from cotyledons had the highest activities and the largest number of bands as compared to that of the various parts of embryonic axes. Amylase activities and patterns had time specific changes during the various stages of seed development of the 7 varieties of different legume species studied. All the different varieties showed changes in zymogram patterns and decreased amylase activity during seed development, except soyabean where amylase activity remained high at all stages. The different components of amylase were characterised in pea (var. Feltham First). One band of a -amylase activity, restricted to the cotyledons, was present in the middle stages of seed development only, then reappeared at the third day of seed germination. The embryonic axes β -amylase activity decreased as the seed developed, to reach zero level in mature seeds, and reappearred during seed germination. The reverse sequence occurred for the cotyledonary β -amylase. The pea a -amylase was partially purified using ethanol precipitation, glycogen complex and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified protein had three major bands with few faint bands on the SDS polyacrylamide gel. The embryonic axes β -amylase of pea was partially purified using the conventional method, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified protein contained two thick bands and many faint bands on the SDS polyacrylamide gel. The zymogram patterns of phosphorylase, EST, GDH, GOT, LDH, ADH and MDH were investigated during seed development of various varieties of different legume species. The most noticeable changes as the seeds developed were the decrease in activities and number of bands of EST in pea and soyabean, shift in GDH activities between isoenzyme forms in pea (var. English Wonder), increase in GDH activities and number of bands in dwarf French bean and soyabean and increase in activities and number of bands of MDH in pea (var. Feltham First).
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Auffret, Alistair G., and Sara A. O. Cousins. "Past and present management influences the seed bank and seed rain in a rural landscape mosaic." Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-69879.
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1. Seed bank and seed rain represent dispersal in time and space. They can be important sources of diversity in the rural landscape, where fragmented habitats are linked by their histories. 2. Seed bank, seed rain and above-ground vegetation were sampled in four habitat types (abandoned semi-natural grassland (ABA), grazed former arable field (FAF), mid-field islet (MFI) and grazed semi-natural grassland (SNG)) in a rural landscape in southern Sweden, to examine whether community patterns can be distinguished at large spatial scales and whether seed bank and seed rain are best explained by current, past or intended future vegetation communities. 3. We counted 54 357 seedlings of 188 species from 1190 seed bank and 797 seed rain samples. Seed bank, seed rain and above-ground vegetation communities differed according to habitat. Several species characteristic of managed grassland vegetation were present in the seed bank, seed rain and vegetation of the other habitats. 4. The seed banks of SNGs and the seed rain of the FAFs were generally better predicted by the surrounding above-ground vegetation than were the other habitat types. The seed rain of the grazed communities was most similar to the vegetation in the FAFs, while the seed banks of the abandoned grasslands most resembled the vegetation in SNGs. 5. Gap availability and seed input could be limiting the colonisation of target species in FAFs, while remnant populations in the seed bank and the presence of grassland specialists in the above-ground vegetation indicate that abandoned grasslands and mid-field islets could be valuable sources of future diversity in the landscape after restoration. 6. Synthesis and applications. SNG communities are able to form seed banks which survive land-use change, but their seed rain does not reflect their above-ground communities. It is important that grassland plants set seed. By connecting existing grasslands with restoration targets, increased disturbance in the target habitats would allow for colonisation via the seed bank or seed rain, while decreased grazing intensity would benefit seed production in the source grasslands. Otherwise, landscape-wide propagule availability might increase with a more varied timing and intensity of management.
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Osenga, Joseph John. "Use of seed treatments and inoculants in no-tillage soybean production practices." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
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Liu, Haibo. "SEED devices used in optical signal processing applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25657.pdf.
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Pedrozo, Rodrigo. "Characterization of soybean seedborne Fusarium spp. in the state of Kansas, USA." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35737.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Plant Pathology
Christopher R. Little
Fusarium spp. are among the most important pathogen groups on soybeans. However, information regarding this genus on soybean seeds in the state of Kansas remains underexplored. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the identity, frequency, and pathogenicity of soybean seedborne Fusarium spp. in the state of Kansas. For the identification and frequency of seedborne Fusarium spp., culture-dependent (i.e. semi-selective medium) and -independent (i.e. DNA metabarcoding) approaches were used. Also, information regarding the pathogenicity of the most common seedborne Fusarium spp. from soybeans was assessed to better understand their role as soybean pathogens. Overall, eleven Fusarium spp. were identified in this study. Semi-selective media showed that approximately 33% of soybean seed samples were infected with Fusarium spp. Moreover, Fusarium spp. were isolated from seed sampled from 80% of the locations in Kansas. Furthermore, a low incidence of Fusarium spp. was observed within infected seed samples and averaged 2%. Nine Fusarium spp. were found in soybean seeds using the culture-dependent approach. Fusarium semitectum was the most frequent, followed by F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. Fusarium acuminatum, F. equiseti, F. fujikuroi, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, and F. thapsinum were found in lower frequencies among naturally infected seeds. DNA metabarcoding experiments showed that Fusarium spp. are more frequent in soybean seeds than previously known. All asymptomatic soybean seeds analyzed, using Illumina MiSeq platform, showed the presence of the genus Fusarium including two pathogenic species, F. proliferatum and F. thapsinum. Fusarium acuminatum, F. merismoides, F. solani, F. semitectum, and Fusarium sp. were also identified using the culture-independent approach. Preliminary results also showed that F. proliferatum and F. thapsinum were observed in all three major soybean seed tissues: seed coat, cotyledons, and the embryo axis. Depending on the soybean genotype, inoculum potential and aggressiveness, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, F. thapsinum, and F. verticillioides were pathogenic to soybean and negatively affect soybean seed quality, at different levels, in controlled conditions. Moreover, F. equiseti and F. acuminatum did not cause significant damage to soybean seeds and seedlings. Understanding seedborne Fusarium spp. and their influence on soybean seed and seedling diseases is critical for the development of effective disease control strategies, especially regarding early detection of pathogenic strains in seeds (i.e., seed health testing), ensuring the crop productivity, quality, and safety.
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Wiltshire, J. J. J. "The use of the growth regulator triapenthenol in seed crops of Lolium perenne L." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233613.
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Gong, Fade. "Vitis Seeds (Vitaceae) from the Late Neogene Gray Fossil Site, Northeastern Tennessee, USA." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1819.
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This study focuses on the morphometric and systematic studies of fossil vitaceous seeds recently recovered from the Gray Fossil Site (7-4.5 Ma, latest Miocene-earliest Pliocene) northeastern Tennessee. Morphologically, all fossil seeds correspond to the extant subgenus Vitis (genus Vitis) of the Vitaceae based on the smooth dorsal surface with a centrally positioned chalaza connected with a conspicuous chalaza-apex groove and short linear ventral infolds that are slightly diverged apically. A multivariate analysis based on 11 measured characters from 76 complete seeds identified three types of seeds, each representing a distinct morphotaxon. Based on comparison with modern and fossil vitaceous specimens, three new species were recognized: Vitis grayana sp. nov., Vitis lanatoides sp. nov., and Vitis latisulcata sp.nov. The close resemblance between the first two fossil grapes (Vitis grayana and Vitis lanatoides) with extant eastern Asian Vitis provides further evidence that the eastern Asian floristic elements existing in the southeastern North American flora continued to as late as late Neogene.
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Ansley, Shannon Elizabeth. "Secondary seed dispersal of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, and Sand Live Oak, Quercus geminata, in Florida sandhill." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001580.
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Perera, E. D. I. H. "Rubber seed oil as a substitute for diesel fuel to use in the Sri Lankan rubber plantation industry." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380571.
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Amarillo-Suárez, Angela Rocío. "INFLUENCES OF HOST SIZE AND HOST QUALITY ON HOST USE IN A SEED-FEEDING BEETLE." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/352.
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For insects that develop inside discrete hosts both host size and host quality constrain offspring growth, influencing the evolution of body size and life history traits. This dissertation examines the effects of host size, host quality, and intraspecific competition on life history and associated traits of populations of the seed-feeding beetle S. limbatus adapted to different host plants, and quantifies population differences in phenotypic plasticity. Populations of the study correspond to divergent clades of the species phylogeography (Colombia and United States).
Clades compared differ genetically for all traits when beetles were raised in a common garden. Contrary to expectations from the local adaptation hypothesis, beetles from all populations were larger, developed faster and had higher survivorship when reared in Acacia greggii, the larger host. Two host-plant mediated maternal effects were found: offspring matured sooner, regardless of their rearing host, when their mothers were reared on Pseudosamanea guachapele and females laid larger eggs on Ps. guachapele. These results also show that this species in addition to be a smaller is a low quality host. Females also laid more eggs and sooner on A. greggii than in Ps. guachapele and, laid more eggs on P. guachapele when A. greggii seeds were small than when they were large. Eggs were larger when laid on Ps. guachapele and Parkinsonia florida, two hosts that reduce survivorship in all populations. However, Colombia females laid eggs of similar size on Ps. guachapele and Pa. florida, while USA females laid the largest eggs on Pa. florida. Larger beetles were most affected when larval competition was increased and seed size decreased. The responses of different body sized females were asymmetrical showing significant variation in plasticity.
Although differences between populations in growth and life history traits appear to be adaptations to the size and quality of their host plants, host-associated maternal effects, partly mediated by maternal egg size plasticity play an important role in the evolution of S. limbatus’ diet breadth. More generally, phenotypic plasticity mediates the fitness consequences of using novel hosts, likely facilitating colonization of new hosts but also buffering herbivores from selection post-colonization.
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Eckhoff, Joyce Lynne Alwine. "EVALUATION OF THE MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM, MSM1, FOR USE IN HYBRID BARLEY SEED PRODUCTION (HORDEUM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282087.
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Possible maintainer lines were selected from CC XXXII and crossed onto cytoplasmically male-sterile plants. Complete male sterility was maintained in both the F₁ and BC₁ generations of 46.4% of the lines. Four cultivars with maintainer genotypes that were in both normal and msm1 cytoplasm were intercrossed using the male-sterile forms as the female parents. All F₁'s were completely male-sterile. Restoration of male fertility by 22 lines selected from CC XXXII was shown in each case to be due to a single dominant gene. In some lines, restoration was influenced by environment and genetic background. Partial restoration was observed in cultivars in the World Collection and lines selected from CC XXXII. Partial restoration appeared to be due to several genes that were subject to environmental influence. Accumulation of some of these genes increased the amount of restoration. There was no evidence that cytoplasmic factors were passed through the pollen. Twenty-two F₁ hybrids were produced by crossing restorer lines onto male-sterile msm1 lines. The 22 hybrids, their 44 parental restorer and maintainer lines and six check cultivars were grown in a four-replication yield trial. Total yield, 1000-seed weight and hectaliter weight were measured for each plot. All the F₁ hybrids outyielded their midparent values and 17 of the hybrids outyielded their high parents. Half of the F₁'s outyielded the high check cultivar, which yielded about 9,130 kg/ha. Twenty-one F₁'s had greater 1000-seed weights than their midparent values while only 11 F₁'s had greater 1000-seed weights than their high parents. The high check cultivar had the greatest 1000-seed weight, 49.0 gm. The hybrids with the greatest 1000-seed weights were not the hybrids with the greatest yields. Eighteen of the F₁'s had greater hectaliter weights than the midparent values, but only seven had greater hectaliter weights than their high parents. The high check cultivar had the greatest hectaliter weight, 75 kg. The hybrids with the greatest hectaliter weights were not the highest yielding hybrids.
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Thacker, Mitchell Grant. "Use of Flash Flaming Technology to Improve Seed Handling and Delivery of Winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8928.
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Ecological restoration of rangelands using wild-collected seeds can be challenging due to low seed quality, inconvenient seed anatomy, and poor plant establishment. In North America, the half-shrub winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata) is a valuable protein-rich forage for wildlife and livestock. Seeds of this species are contained in one-seeded fruits enclosed in four fluffy, silky bracts. While the seeds can be removed from the bracts, it is not recommended as the bracts are thought to help protect the seed and aid in germination and seedling growth. However, bracts of winterfat make it difficult to incorporate this species within a seed mix because it prevents the seed from flowing through mechanized seeders. The anatomy of winterfat fruit also makes it difficult to treat this species with external seed coating materials that may aid in direct seeding efforts. We tested the use of a recently developed flash flaming technique in combination with seed coating to improve the flowability of winterfat fruits. Our results indicate that flash flaming can reduce the appendages on winterfat fruits, which decreased fruit volume by up to 46% without impacting seed germination. Flash flaming also makes it possible to incorporate a polymer seed coating to the exterior of winterfat fruits. We found that flash flaming combined with seed coating improved the flowability of winterfat fruits, as measured with standard laboratory tests, and by delivering fruits through a broadcast seeder and a rangeland drill. These results indicate that flash flaming plus seed coating provides a new technology that will allow for the treating and planting of winterfat on degraded rangelands.
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Wiese, Jessica Linsay. "Establishment and seed production of native forbs used in restoration." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/wiese/WieseJ0809.pdf.
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The importance of incorporating native wildflowers into seed mixtures for disturbed land revegetation projects is widely known and accepted. However, further assessment of weed management approaches is a necessary step to successfully establish and produce native wildflower seed. We examined the impact of pre and post-emergence herbicides alone and in combination with hand weeding on 5 wildflower species [slender white prairie clover (Dalea candida(Michx). ex Willd), blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh), fuzzy tongue penstemon (Penstemon eriantherus Pursh var. eriantherus), silverleaf phacelia (Phacelia hastata Douglas ex Lehm.), and prairie coneflower (Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl)] under greenhouse and field conditions. Herbicides evaluated included Treflan (trifluralin) 189 l/ha, Lorox (linuron) 1.121 kg/ha., Permit (halsulfuron) 91 g/ha., Plateau (imazapic) 560 g/ha, and Prowl (pendimethalin) 4.2 l/ha. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine wildflower seedling tolerance to post-emergence herbicides, 2) evaluate the effect of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on native wildflower seedling establishment, weed control, and wildflower seed production. For objective 1 a randomized block design was used and repeated twice. A Monte Carlo resampling assessed herbicide damage and a randomized block design analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed herbicide impact on fresh and dry biomass. Results indicated that the D. candida and R. columnifera were minimally affected by herbicide treatments, while G. aristata and P. hastata were strongly affected, the first by linuron and halosulfuron and the last by halosulfuron and imazapic. Objective 2 assessed hand weeding and pre and postemergence herbicide effects on native wildflowers. A randomized block design was used to assess wildflower establishment, percentage cover, yield, and seed germination and viability, along with weed community composition and cover as a function of weed management approach. Data were analyzed with a randomized block design analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for differences in wildflowers seedling emergence, percent cover of wildflowers, and seed yield. Wildflower species responded uniquely to weed management, indicating caution should be used when applying herbicides to the tested species. Specifically, emergence of P. eriantherus, D. candida and P. hastata were negatively affected by trifluralin, indicating this herbicide may not be suited for the tested wildflowers.
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Gardner, Elvert L. ""Sowing seeds in barren soil" : why space power theory just won't grow /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=27104bd2-feb9-40b4-87ff-0bc531c869db&rs=PublishedSearch.
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Keefer, Chelsea Elizabeth. "Use of Plant Growth Regulators to Expand the Period of Sagebrush Seed Germination and Reduce the Risk of Restoration Failure: Laboratory Trials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8576.
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Seed germination during unhospitable environmental conditions can be a major barrier to direct seeding efforts in dryland systems. In the sagebrush steppe, Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis and Artemisia arbuscula are important shrub species that are being used in restoration, but seeding success is highly sporadic due to inter-annual and intra-seasonal weather variability. Altering and expanding the period of germination, as a form of bet-hedging, may improve plant establishment. Our objective was to determine if we could expand the period of germination using plant growth regulators (PGRs) applied in a conglomerated seed coating treatment. In a laboratory study, the seed was either left untreated, conglomerated separately with two concentrations of a germination inhibitor, abscisic acid (ABA), or with two different germination promoters, gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1-Aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor to ethylene. Seeds were incubated in a loam soil at five constant temperatures (5-25 C) for approximately three months. Results indicate that seed treatments with PGRs can delay or speed germination. The greatest response to the seed treatments was observed at 5 C. For example, at this temperature PGRs delayed the time for 25% of the seeds to germinate by a maximum of 35 and 21 d and decreased this time by 5 and 25 d for A. t. ssp. Wyomingensis and A. arbuscula, respectively. Field studies are needed to determine if the bet-hedging strategy developed in this study will increase the likelihood that some seeds will germinate during periods that are more favorable for plant establishment.
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Sreenivasulu, Nese. "Construction and use of cDNA arrays in studying barley seed development and foxtail millet salt tolerance." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967195861.
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Averitt, Benjamin James. "A Survey of the Agronomic and End Use Characteristics of Low Phytic Acid Soybeans." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71335.
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Phytic acid (PA) accounts for up to 75% of the P in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seeds, but it is indigestible by mono- and agastric animals resulting in economic and environmental detriment. Soybean lines with genetically reduced PA contents have been developed using three distinct mutant alleles at the MIPS1, LPA1, and LPA2 genes resulting in up to a 75% reduction in PA. Low PA (LPA) soymeal-based feeds have been tested on several agricultural species and shown to reduce the P in the animal effluent, but they have not been tested on any aquacultural species. However, LPA soybean lines often exhibit low field emergence making them commercially inviable. The cause of this phenomenon is widely debated with possibilities ranging from increased disease pressure to decreased seedling vigor. The objectives of this research were to 1) enhance field emergence of LPA soybean varieties through pre-planting seed treatments, 2) study the impact of the LPA mutant alleles on agronomic, quality, and seed composition traits, and 3) design a low-error method for studying the effect of LPA soymeal-based feeds on aquatic animals using Pacific White Shrimp (Litoenaeus vannamei). These results describe a variety of agronomic and genetic strategies with which the low field emergence of LPA soybeans can be addressed, reveal a heretofore not reported interaction between the mips1 and lpa2 alleles to further increase the digestibility of soymeal, and a possible method for studying LPA soymeal based feed on aquacultural animals.Master of Science
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PASSOS, As?lio Vieira. "Estudo de ?pocas de colheita e desenvolvimento de vagens de feij?o Guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), para obten??o de gr?os e sementes n?o comerciais em pequenas unidades de produ??o familiar." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1787.
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The characteristics of rusticity and multifunctionality pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) have been known for a long time. In small family production, units located in some settlement projects of agrarian reform, in Rio de Janeiro state, has been observed frequently this crop cultivation, and usually from seed multiplied by farmers on the spot. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of pigeon pea seeds produced for non-commercial personal use by family farmer seated agrarian reform and develop study on four harvest seasons, carried in pods "verdoengas" (yellowish green and greenish yellow) and brown, to obtain seeds non-commercial good physiological quality. The seeds acquired from family farmer seated agrarian reform were sown in 2011/02/03; seedling emergence occurred at 6 DAS, and the culture was then conveyed to the reproductive stage, when harvests were held in pods of four seasons at 140, 162, 169 and 177 DAS. The following determinations were made of: moisture content at harvest (Uc%) and storage (Ua%), average number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, yield, seed weigth and percentage germination and seed without heat treatment. The average Uc% was 44%, whereas the value obtained from seeds produced by brown pods was 22%, and remained Ua% average of 11% in four harvests for the two classes pods. Plants showed an average number of 62 pods / plant and pods, about four seeds / pod, the weight of a thousand seeds showed average value of 130g, with the figures derived from the seed pods were brown more high, around 142g/1000sementes, the average production of seeds per plant was 33g, the average yield was 1.300kg/ha the four harvest times, and the average of the last two harvests showed higher value, around 1.420kg/ha, the average germination rates of seeds that received heat treatment to break dormancy was 85%, while the seeds that did not receive this treatment, the average was 62%.
As caracter?sticas de rusticidade e multifuncionalidades do feijoeiro Guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) s?o conhecidas h? muito tempo. Em unidades de produ??o familiar, localizadas nos projetos de assentamento de reforma agr?ria no estado do Rio de Janeiro, tem sido observado freq?entemente o cultivo dessa cultura, realizado em geral a partir de sementes multiplicadas no pr?prio s?tio, por agricultores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de quatro ?pocas de colheita das vagens de feij?o guandu, correspondente ?s colora??es ?verdoengas? e marrons?, para obten??o de sementes n?o comerciais de m?xima qualidade fisiol?gica, produzidas para uso pr?prio em unidade de produ??o familiar. As sementes foram adquiridas mediante compra de agricultor familiar assentado da reforma agr?ria do Projeto de Assentamento Jo?o Batista Soares, e foram semeadas em 03/02/2011; a emerg?ncia das pl?ntulas ocorreu aos 6 DAS, e a cultura foi ent?o conduzida at? o est?gio reprodutivo, quando foram realizadas colheitas de vagens, aos 140, 162, 169 e 177 DAS. Foram realizadas determina??es de grau de umidade no momento da colheita (Uc%) e no armazenamento (Ua%), n?mero m?dio de vagens por planta, n?mero de sementes por vagem, produ??o de sementes por planta, produtividade, massa de mil sementes e porcentagem de germina??o com e sem tratamento t?rmico de sementes. Os seguintes resultados foram obtidos: a m?dia da Uc% foi de 44%, sendo que o valor obtido de sementes oriundas de vagem marrom foi de 22%, e a Ua% manteve valor m?dio de 11% nas quatro colheitas, para as duas classes de vagens; as plantas apresentaram um n?mero m?dio de 62 vagens/planta e as vagens, cerca de 4 sementes/vagem; a massa de mil sementes apresentou valores m?dios de 130g, sendo que os valores apresentados pelas sementes oriundas de vagens marrons foram mais elevados, em torno de 142g/1000sementes;a produ??o m?dia de sementes por planta foi de 33g; a produtividade m?dia foi de 1.300kg/ha nas quatro ?pocas de colheita, sendo que a m?dia das duas ?ltimas colheitas apresentou maior valor, em torno de 1.420kg/ha; a m?dia de germina??o das sementes que receberam tratamento t?rmico para quebra de dorm?ncia foi de 85%, enquanto nas sementes que n?o receberam esse tratamento, essa m?dia foi de 62%.
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Harkett, Peter John. "Studies on the use of cut seed tubers for the production of potatoes for French fry processing." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309520.
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Peratoner, Giovanni. "Organic seed propagation of alpine species and their use in ecological restoration of ski runs in mountain regions." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970086059.
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Rutter, Deborah Edith. "Eating the seed : the use of foods in the structuring and repoduction of social relations in Nepali Chhetri community." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551098.
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This account of a community of Nepali Chhetris (Kshatriya) considers foods as a series of signs, purposefully selected and prepared to convey meaning to the social actors between whom food transactions take place, and hence taking a critical role in the structuring of such relationships. It examines the pattern of feeding relationships between kin and affines (including a detailed analysis of wedding rites), and reflects upon the mutual responsibility or unilateral characteristics exemplified by food interchange. The sharing and allocation of certain types of food, notably jutho, polluted leavings, and analogous remains, inaugurates and defines sexual and patrilineal relationships crucial to the sexual and social reproduction of the community: continuity as a value in Hindu (Chhetri) life is reiterated through a detailed analysis of the uses of rice, curd and salt. The 'substance' of kinship is realised through feeding relationships (while birth is merely a pre-condition). By corollary, it appears that the marginalisation of other castes in relation to the Chhetris depends upon the declining relevance of inter-caste feeding relationships as a consequence of reversal over time in the land:labour ratio. Control over productive resources, and the division of labour, in this community is briefly examined as a background to definitions of social adulthood as self-sufficiency in food production, and the meaning of food in .the context of shortage ~lucidates aspects of social competition, scarcity and illicit circulation of food, e.g. stealing. The ethical considerations behind the transfer of food and services is considered in relation to the kshatra-dharma, as one aspect of the construction of Chhetri identity. Food is used to define, augment and reflect the characteristics of all ritual activities. Foods - or abstention from particular foods - are the media through which abnormal states are experienced, and critical transformative rites of passage are achieved, including the passage between life and dea tho Through the analogy of plant, human and cosmic regeneration and fertility, the correct conveyance of food, in particular between mortals and divines, reproduces the social, moral and physical universe. Food conveyance, consumption and renunciation is a means by which the individual aims to exercise control over the universe and her/his role in it: equally, as a social cipher, food acts as a metaphorical tool through which Nepali Chhetri culture is concisely transmitted, with the blessings of the tikaa, to subsequent generations.
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Flora, Franchesco Della. "ECOLOGIA COMPORTAMENTAL DO TANGARÁ CHIROXIPHIA CAUDATA (AVES, PIPRIDAE) NO EXTREMO SUL DA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5266.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Blue manakin Chiroxiphia caudata is a bird with wide distribution in southern Atlantic forest, ranging from humid forests of the Serra do Mar to the deciduous forests of the Brazilian and Meridional highlands. Although the species is well known for its acrobatic displays, much of their behavior and ecology are unknown or poorly studied. Data about feeding behavior, use of the space and dispersal of seeds, and other results were treated in this dissertation. The study site includes the deciduous forest, far southern Atlantic Forest. Leks of Blue manakin were monitored throughout one year (2006-2007) and data structures of the environment were collected in 2009. These results were divided into four chapters (articles). The first is about the behavioral variation and the use of space throughout the reproductive period and non-reproductive period among three classes of individuals (adult males, young males and females). It is shown that there are differences in behavior patterns and use of space between the sexes and age groups, adult males being more active in the reproductive period and restricted to interior of the leks. Young males tend to live in the edge of territories of adults and they had fewer courtships and vocalizations. Females seem to prefer environments not used by males. The second chapter refers to the diet and seed dispersal. Blue manakin fed on more than 40 plants being that the species with the longest period of fruiting (e.g. Psychotria leiocarpa) or asynchronous (e.g. Ficus) were the most sought after. Besides, there was preference for berries, fruit and small seed sizes, dark-blue coloration, as well as species found in the lower strata of the forest. In relation to seed dispersal, Blue manakin was performed as good seed dispersers; it plays a different type of consumption throughout the year, depositing seeds at specific sites (perches of courtship and call) or random (perches of foraging) in the forest. The third chapter concerns the preference for the dance sites by males. In this study, raises the hypothesis that areas with more density of plants near the perches and attributes of trees that are used by Blue manakin would serve as an indication for adult males choose certain sites instead of others. Variables such as abundance, richness, plant height and number of horizontal branches in the perches of cutting were responsible for the presence of Blue manakin in these courtship sites. This fact would give more care against predators and to the quality of the cooperative and solo displays. The fourth discusses the potential effect of seed dispersal on the perches of courtship. Seedlings under the perches, the use of time by males at these sites and the total fruit consumed showed that C. caudata is effective disperser of species included in its diet. The final chapter chapter focuses on the foraging tactics of Blue manakin uses to capture the fruits of understory plants and test three hypotheses why the species foraging inside and/or outside the plants.
O Tangará Chiroxiphia caudata é um pássaro com ampla distribuição no sul da floresta atlântica, abrangendo desde florestas ombrófilas da serra do Mar até as florestas estacionais do planalto brasileiro e meridional. Embora a espécie seja bem conhecida por suas danças acrobáticas, muito do seu comportamento e ecologia são desconhecidos ou pouco estudados. Dados sobre o comportamento alimentar, uso do espaço e dispersão de sementes, foram tratados nesta dissertação. O local de estudo compreende a floresta estacional decidual, extremo sul da Floresta atlântica. Leques de tangarás foram monitorados ao longo de um ano (2006-2007) e dados referentes às estruturas do ambiente foram coletados em 2009. Esses resultados foram divididos em cinco capítulos (artigos). O primeiro capítulo trata sobre a variação comportamental e do uso do espaço ao longo do período reprodutivo e nãoreprodutivo entre três classes de indivíduos (machos adultos, machos jovens e fêmeas). Mostra-se que há diferenças quanto aos diferentes comportamentos e ao uso do espaço entre os sexos e classes etárias, sendo os machos adultos mais ativos no período reprodutivo e restritos ao interior do leque. Machos jovens tendem a viver mais na borda dos territórios dos adultos e a realizar menos cortejos e vocalizações. Fêmeas parecem preferir ambientes não utilizados pelos machos. O segundo capítulo refere-se à dieta e dispersão de sementes. O tangará alimentou-se de mais de 40 plantas. Além disso, houve preferências por bagas, frutos e sementes de tamanhos pequenos e de coloração azul-escura, bem como por espécies encontradas nos estratos mais baixos da floresta. Em relação à dispersão de sementes, o tangará se apresentou como bom dispersor de sementes, pois desempenha um tipo de consumo diferenciado ao longo do ano, depositando sementes em sítios específicos (poleiros de corte e de vocalização) ou em outros locais da floresta (poleiros de forrageamento) na floresta. Já o terceiro capítulo faz referência quanto a preferência por locais de dança pelos machos. Neste estudo levanta-se a hipótese que áreas com mais adensamento de plantas próximo aos poleiros e atributos das árvores que são utilizadas pelos tangarás, serviriam como indicativo para machos adultos escolher certos locais em relação a outros. Variáveis como abundância, riqueza, altura média das plantas e número de galhos horizontais nos poleiros de corte, foram responsáveis pela presença dos tangarás nesses locais de cortejo. O quarto capítulo trata do potencial efeito da dispersão de sementes sobre os poleiros de corte. Plântulas sob os poleiros, o uso do tempo dos machos nesses locais e o total de frutos consumidos, mostraram que C. caudata é efetivo dispersor das espécies pertencentes a sua dieta. O último capítulo trata sobre as táticas de forrageamento do tangará utiliza para capturar frutos de plantas de sub-bosque e levanta três hipóteses do por que a espécie forragearia frutos sobre e/ou fora das plantas.
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Young, Benjamin Jay. "Feasibility Analysis of Seed Production for Use in Re-seeding Land Burned in Wildfires in the Great Basin Region of the United States." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/280.
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Native and introduced grass and shrub species are grown for seed production in the Great Basin region of the United States. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the profitability and risk associated with the production of five different species of grasses and shrubs which are used in rehabilitation following wildfires. Enterprise budgets are constructed for both the establishment and production years. Returns above operating costs are compared to other crops produced in the same region. Production and market risks are discussed. Returns and risks are evaluated using an expected value model which compares risk and return between species, as well as risk and return for seven different crop combinations on a simulated 400-acre farm. All five species evaluated are found to be more profitable than other crops grown in the region. However, there are many production and market factors which must be carefully considered prior to investment in grass and shrub seed production.
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Peratoner, Giovanni [Verfasser]. "Organic seed propagation of alpine species and their use in ecological restoration of ski runs in mountain regions / Giovanni Peratoner." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2003. http://d-nb.info/970086059/34.
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Van, Wyk Michelle Olga. "Unexplored avenues of adornment : a study of craft-related uses of the Makalani seed." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2272.
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Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Vegetable ivory is the generic term used when referring to the nut of palm trees. Although their outward appearance varies depending on the variety of the palm, the nuts are all known to be hard, ivory-like in colour and lend themselves to shaping in various forms. The craft-related use of vegetable ivory in Namibia has been limited to carving in the past. The nut, known locally as Makalani seed, is the seed of the Hyphaene Petersiana palm fruit. Vegetable ivory products found globally prove that this non-timber forest product (NTFP) has greater potential than what is currently being explored by Namibian crafters. Similar nuts are found across the globe, including the South American tagua nut. The tagua nut has a pronounced role in the craft-related market place due to its popularity as a sustainable alternative to animal ivory. It has also provided many locals with employment and a stable form of income. Globally, focus has expanded to address the sustainability of the integrity of forest systems, as economic profits to be gained from timber-producing trees, no longer take sole priority. Rural households are making use of NTFPs as a source of income and often use the money generated from trading as a safety net in times of economic challenges. Developing management strategies for addressing global climate change has become an increasingly important issue influencing forest management around the globe. Participatory forest management is one of the strategies developed for addressing issues arising from global climate change. It is aimed at rural development, by involving locals living in the area, in programmes that involve domestication of indigenous fruit trees. By means of participatory action research (PAR) and co-design sessions, the study looked at expanding the scope of manufacturing techniques used when crafting the Makalani seed. The list of sustainable manufacturing practices generated from the data informed the creation of the crafter’s product. Expanding the range of manufacturing practices feeds into the potential the seed has as an income-generating product. These techniques contribute to the body of knowledge of craft in Namibia by addressing the issue of sustainability by exploring the potential of the Makalani nut as a crafting material as well as a medium of teaching various crafting skills. It also engaged the researcher in contributing towards social upliftment, while allowing crafters to engage in experimenting with new sustainable techniques used globally on similar seeds that could benefit their generating of income. By assessing data gathered in the codesign sessions, recommendations were made towards elevating the Makalani seed from its current craft level to that of a well-used NTFP craft material. The nature of participatory action research required analysing gathered data to feed into a solution for solving a local problem. The study is of a qualitative nature, and involved a case-study of one, a local crafter. Participatory action design was the framework for the research, as both researcher and crafter explored how the Makalani nut lends itself to techniques used on the tagua nut. It is through this lens that the study speaks to the practices of respect and responsibility, as well as that of sustainability within the parameters of a Namibian context
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Douglas, Jamie Marguerite. "INVESTIGATING THE USE OF BLESSED THISTLE FOR AMELIORATION OF SYMPTOMS OF FESCUE TOXICITY IN BEEF COWS CONSUMING ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE SEED." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1781.
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The present investigation was designed to investigate the use of blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus) in amelioration of fescue toxicosis in beef cattle. Twenty-seven crossbred Angus cows were blocked by age and weight into groups of three. Each group (n=9) was then randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: endophyte-free (EF), endophyte-infected (EI), or endophyte-infected with addition of cut and stemmed blessed thistle (EIBT). Each group was also randomly assigned to one of three 29-day replicates. Parameters measured during this trial included: urinary ergot alkaloid concentration (ng ergot alkaloids/mg creatinine), body weight (kg), rectal temperature (°C), serum progesterone (ng/ml), and serum prolactin (ng/ml). No effect of treatment (P>0.05) was detected in any of these parameters. A treatment x time interaction (P<0.0001) was observed for progesterone concentrations, likely a result of estrous cyclicity of cows. Results of this study suggest that we were unsuccessful in inducing fescue toxicity in test subjects assigned to EI and EIBT treatments. Minimal dietary ergovaline (1.72 μg kg-1) and cool ambient temperatures (-6.7°C to 23.3°C) likely contributed to this inability. Data from this research do suggest, however, that C. benedictus can be successfully incorporated into cattle diets. Further research will need to be performed to fully elucidate what, if any, benefits blessed thistle can have in the treatment of fescue toxicity.
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Jungman, Andrew Aaron. "Examining the use of Simarouba glauca Seed Oil as a Feedstock for the Production of Biodiesel using a Small Scale Model Developed in India." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/780.
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Simarouba glauca, a non-edible oilseed crop native to South Florida, is gaining popularity as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel. The University of Agriculture Sciences in Bangalore, India has developed a biodiesel production model based on the principles of decentralization, small scales, and multiple fuel sources. Success of such a program depends on conversion efficiencies at multiple stages. The conversion efficiency of the field-level, decentralized production model was compared with the in-laboratory conversion efficiency benchmark. The study indicated that the field-level model conversion efficiency was less than that of the lab-scale set up. The fuel qualities and characteristics of the Simarouba glauca biodiesel were tested and found to be the standards required for fuel designation. However, this research suggests that for Simarouba glauca to be widely accepted as a biodiesel feedstock further investigation is still required.
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Alexander, Corinne E. N. "The role of seed company information in price competition, and in farmers' planting decisions /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/558214207.pdf.
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Lemenih, Mulugeta. "Effects of land use changes on soil quality and native flora degradation and restoration in the highlands of Ethiopia : implications for sustainable land management /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Soils, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s306.pdf.
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Yahyaoui, Emna. "Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/79876.
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Abstract
Ficus carica L. is considered one of the oldest fruit trees in the Mediterranean basin and is widely grown and harvested for the consumption of its fruits dry and fresh. This species is affected by different virus diseases, especially by Fig mosaic disease (FMD), for which Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) and Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV) are associated. FMD is the most widespread disorder of this species, which represents a threat and a constraint for healthy fig production and germplasm exchange.
Thus, the objective of the present doctoral research was the establishment of an efficient and rapid in vitro F. carica propagation, sanitation and conservation of free-FMD plant material for future large-scale commercialization.
Initially, FMD-related viruses distribution was screened within the different fig plant organs (buds, leaves, syconia and seeds) of 14 Mediterranean genotypes (Palazzo, Severoni precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto nero, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti and Turca 'Serilop') which were utilized afterward as in vitro plant source material. RT-PCR assays revealed that all the aforementioned viruses were present without any exception in seeds, whereas only 4 viruses (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 and FMV) were detected in buds, leaves and syconia with highly variable infection rates.
Moreover, encapsulation technology proved to be a powerful multiplication technique to sustain standard fig tissue culture protocol for three cultivars (Catalanisca, Palazzo and Bifera) and it gave high, almost similar, viability, regrowth and conversion rates. Microcutting rooting in one-step was achieved and conversion rate was comparable for the three cultivars.
Furthermore, in order to eliminate FMD associated viruses, with the exception of FBV-1 which resisted to all the sanitation attempts, Caulogenesis and Meristem Tip Culture Protected by the Synthetic Seeds technique (MTC-SS) gave the best sanitation rates.
Finally, F. carica (cv. Houmairi) artificial seeds conservation, for final delivery, was achieved. A high viability and moderate regrowth rates were registered with a lesser conversion rate strictly related to the plant growth regulators (PGRs) used.
Keywords: Fig, mosaic, RT-PCR, virus distribution, cytokinins, encapsulation, micropropagation, synthetic seed.Resumen La higuera (Ficus carica L.) es considerada como uno de de los árboles frutales más antiguos de la cuenca mediterránea y es ampliamente cultivado y cosechado para el consumo de sus frutos tanto secos como en fresco. Esta especie se ve afectada por diversas enfermedades virales, especialmente por la denominada "Fig mosaic disease" (FMD) asociada actualemnte a los virus: Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) y Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). Esta enfermedad representa una amenaza y un obstáculo para la producción de higos y el intercambio de germoplasma. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer un método de propagación de higuera in vitro para el saneamiento y la conservación de material vegetal libre de FMD para su posterior comercialización. Inicialmente, se estudió la distribución de los virus implicados en la enfermedad en diversos órganos de 14 genotipos de F. carica (Palazzo, Severoni precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto nero, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti y Turca 'Serilop'), los cuales fueron utilizados posteriormente como fuente material vegetal in vitro. Los resultados obtenidos mediante RT-PCR revelaron que todos los virus mencionados estaban presentes sin excepción en las semillas, mientras que sólo cuatro de ellos (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 y FMV) fueron en brotes, hojas y siconios con tasas de infección variables. Además, la tecnología de encapsulación demostró ser una técnica de multiplicación eficaz para poder aplicar el protocolo estándar de cultivo de tejidos de higo para tres cultivares (Catalanisca, Palazzo y Bifera) dando altas tasas de viabilidad, rebrote y conversión. Se logró el enraizamiento de microcortes en un solo paso y el índice de conversión fue comparable para los tres cultivares. La callogénesis y el culñtivo de meristemos con la técnica de la semilla sintética (MTC-SS) fueron las técnicas que proporcionaron mayores tasas de desinfección para los virus estudiados a excepción de con FBV-1, entidad viral que no fue eliminada con ninguna de las técnicas ensayadas. Por último, se logró la conservación de las semillas artificiales de higuera (cv Houmairi), registrándose una alta viabilidad y tasas de rebrote moderadas con un menor grado de conversión estrictamente relacionado con hormonas utilizadas. Palabras clave: Higuera, mosaico, RT-PCR, la distribución de los virus, hormonas, encapsulación, micropropagación, y la semilla sintética.
Resum La figuera (Ficus carica L.) és considerada un dels arbres fruiters més antics de la conca mediterrània i és àmpliament conreat i collit per al seu consum fresc i sec. Les malalties virals, especialment "Fig mosaic disease" (FMD), associada amb els viruses: Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) i Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). Esta malaltia representa una amenaça per a la producció de figues i l'intercanvi de germoplasma. El principal objectiu d'aquest treball va ser estableixerun mètode de propagació de figuera in vitro per al sanejament i la conservació de material lliure de FMD per a su posterior commercialització. Inicialment, es va estudiar la distribució dels virus associats a FMD en diversos òrgans en 14 genotips de F. carica (Palazzo, Severoni Precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto diners, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti i Turca 'Serilop'), els quals van ser utilitzats posteriorment com a font de material vegetal in vitro. Els resultats obtinguts del anàlisis realitzats per RT-PCR van revelar que tots els virus eren presents sense excepció en les llavors, mentre que només quatre virus (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 i FMV) van ser detectats en brots, fulles i siconis amb taxes d'infecció variables. A més, la tecnologia d'encapsulació va demostrar ser una tècnica de multiplicació eficaç per poder aplicar el protocol estàndard de cultiu de teixits de figa per a tres cultivars (Catalanisca, Palazzo i Bifera) donant taxesadequades de viabilitat, rebrot i conversió. Es va aconseguir l'arrelament de microtalls en un sol pas i l'índex de conversió va ser comparable per als tres cultivars. La calogènesi i el cultiu de meristems protegits per llavors sintètiques (MTC-SS)van ser les tècniques que proporcionarem millores tases de desinfecció per als virus estudiats amb l'excepció de FBV-1 que es va resistir a tots els mètodes de sanejament. Finalment, es va aconseguir la conservació de la llavors artificials de figuera (cv. Houmairi), registrant-ne una alta viabilitat i taxes de rebrot moderades amb un menor grau de conversió estrictament relacionat amb hormones utilitzades. Paraules clau: Figuera, mosaic, RT-PCR, la distribució dels virus, hormones, encapsulació, micropropagació, i la llavor sintètica.
Yahyaoui, E. (2017). Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79876
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Afsarigolshan, Maryam. "Source strength verification and quality assurance of sterile, pre-loaded iodine-125 seed trains used for prostate brachytehrapy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46404.
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Malinin, Andrej. "It is not as it seems ... : A study of optical illusions and how these can be used in an interior!" Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5981.
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Martino, Robin M. "Matrix and Edge Effects on the Maintenance of Ecological Function in an Afromontane Protected Area." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1430913293.
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Dillon, Kevin Alan. "Double-Crop Soybean Vegetative Growth, Seed Yield, and Yield Component Response to Agronomic Inputs in the Mid-Atlantic, USA." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49380.
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Maximizing productivity and profitability are the primary reasons for double-cropping soybean with small grain in the Mid-Atlantic, USA. Reduced double-crop yield can be attributed to: delayed planting that results in a shortened growing season and less vegetative growth; later-maturing cultivars that terminate main stem growth after flowering and have less growth and nodes; less soil moisture and plant-available nutrients due to small grain uptake; greater air and soil temperatures during vegetative stages that reduce early-season growth; and more favorable conditions for disease development during pod and seed formation. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in eastern Virginia to 1) evaluate cultivar stem growth habit, seeding rate, seed-applied inoculant, starter nitrogen (N) applied at planting, and foliar fungicide on soybean vegetative growth, total N uptake (TNU), seed yield and quality, and yield components; 2) determine the effect of starter N rate, applied with and without inoculant, on soybean vegetative growth, TNU, seed yield and quality, and yield components; and 3) evaluate the response of maturity group (MG) IV and V soybean cultivars to foliar fungicide.
Greater seeding rates, inoculant, N, and fungicide typically were not required together to increase yield. Although cultivar interacted with other factors, early-maturing indeterminate 95Y01 yielded more than late-maturing determinate 95Y20 at 4 of 6 locations. Seeding rate interacted with other factors, but the greater seeding rate increased MG IV yield at 1 of 6 locations and decreased MG V yield at 2 of 6 locations. Starter N increased seed yield by 6 kg ha-1 per kg N applied until yield plateaued at 16 kg N ha-1, which continued to 31 kg N ha-1. When N rate was increased greater than 31 kg N ha-1, yield decreased. Fungicide increased yield for MG IV and V cultivars at 4 of 6 and 3 of 6 locations, respectively and prevented yield loss via mid- to late-season disease control, delayed leaf drop, and greater seed size. Optimum fungicide timing depended on environment and disease development. These data assisted in understanding agronomic inputs' combined or individual effects on double-crop soybean growth, canopy, N uptake, seed yield, and yield components.Ph. D.
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Murata, Monica Rujeko. "The impact of soil acidity amelioration on groundnut production and sandy soils of Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1995. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08152003-155125.
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Straub, Jacob. "Energetic Carrying Capacity Of Habitats Used By Spring-Migrating Waterfowl In The Upper Mississippi River And Great Lakes Region." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1221593221.
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Ludwig, Thomas John. "In Transition: Creating Early Successional Avian Habitat in Transitional Urban Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397740935.
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Acket, Sébastien. "Implication du métabolisme carboné pour une production différentielle d'huile chez les plantes oléagineuses-Lin : modélisation des systèmes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2168/document.
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Les graines de lin sont composées de teneurs élevées en huile (45 g d’huile/100g MS) stockées sous forme de triglycérides dans l’embryon (Venglat et al., 2011). Ces huiles hautement insaturées sont utilisées depuis de nombreuses années pour des applications industrielles (vernis, linoleum…). Toutefois, ces huiles riches en oméga-3 présentent également une grande importance pour la santé humaine. Pour cette raison, l’industrie alimentaire est particulièrement intéressée pour développer des produits enrichis en huile de lin. Pour répondre à cette demande, il est nécessaire de sélectionner des cultivars accumulant plus d’huile. Afin de sélectionner efficacement de telles plantes, il est nécessaire d'acquérir des connaissances sur les mécanismes de synthèse, d’accumulation et de régulation des huiles dans les graines oléagineuses (Sharma et Chauhan 2012). Pour comprendre les accumulations des huiles dans les graines de lin et leurs régulations, deux lignées de lin ayant des teneurs en huile différent ont été sélectionnées (Astral : 44,6 ± 0,2 g d’huile/100g MS ; 238 : 37,0 ± 0,7 g d’huile/100g MS). Dans ce travail, nous avons déterminé les différences d’accumulation des composées de la graines entre les deux lignées dans les embryons, les téguments, la différence d’expression des gènes dans ces embryons et ces téguments, et analyser les flux métaboliques dans les embryons des deux lignées de lin durant la synthèse des acides gras. Ces études ont montré : (i) que les embryons de lin Astral qui accumule plus d’huile dans ses embryons accumule moins de protéines dans les embryons, (ii) que les téguments de lin Astral accumule moins de proanthocyanidines et de protéines que dans les téguments de la lignée 238, (iii) qu’aucun lien avec l’accumulation différente en huile dans les embryons et la différence d’accumulation dans les téguments n’a pu être mis en évidence, (iii) que le glucose est le précurseur carboné permettant la synthèse des acides gras, (iv) que le flux de carbone permettant la synthèse des acides gras passe majoritairement par la glycolyse cytosolique jusqu’au PEP cytosolique qui est transporté dans le plaste pour être convertie en pruvate puis acétylCoA, précurseur de la synthèse des acides gras, (v) que le flux permettant la synthèse de G3P est 29 fois plus élevée que dans les embryons de lin 238 que dans les embryons de lin Astral, (vi) : que la surexpression du gène codant pour la DHAP synthase (genolin_c54022 317) et la G3PDH (genolin_c10324 594) dans les embryons de la lignée Astral/238, pourraient induire une synthèse plus importante de G3P nécessaire à la formation des triglycéridesFlax seeds are composed oh high levels of oil (45 g oil / 100 g DM) stored as triglycerides in their embryos (Venglat et al., 2011). These highly unsatured oils have been used for many years for industrial applications (varnish, linoleum,...). However, these oils rich in omega-3 are also a great importance to human health. for this reason, the food industry is particularly interesed to develop innovative products enriched in linseed oil. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to develop linseed cultivars that accumulate more oils. In order to select such plants, it is necessary to acquire knowledge on mechanisms, accumulation and regulation of oils synthesis in oilseeds (Sharma and Chauhan, 2012). To better understand oil accumulation in flaxseed, two linseed genotypes presenting different level in oil content were selected (Astral : 44,6 ± 0,2 g oil / 100 MS ; 238 : 37,0 ± 0,7 g oil / 100 g DM). In this work, we determined the differences in accumulation between the two lines in embryos, integumen, the difference in gene expression in the embryos and the integument, and we analysed the metabolic flux in the embryos of both flax lines during the synthesis of fatty acids. These studies have shown : (i) the flax embryos Astral accumulates more oil in its embryo accumulates less protein in embryos, (ii) that the Astal flax husks accumulates less proanthocyanidins and proteins in teguments of the line 238, (iii) no link with the different oil accumumation in embryos and the difference in accumulation the integument could be demonstrated, (iv) that the glucose is the carbon precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids, (v) thet the flow of carbon to the synthesis of fatty acids predominantly through cytosolic glycolysis to PEP cytosolic, that is transported into the plastic for conversion to pruvate then acetylCoA, precursor synthesis of fatty acids, (vi) the flow for the synthesis of G3P in Astral embryos is 29 times higher than in the 238 embryos, (vii) the overexpression of the gene encoding the DHAP synthase (genolin_c54022 317) and G3PDH (genolin-c10324 594) in embryos of the Astral / 238, could induce a higher synthesis G3P necessary for the triglycerides