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Newman, Rayya Renee. "USE-LESS Building." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34976.
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A USE-LESS Building aims to use less square feet and resources by adapting over time and by accommodating various uses like apartments, stores, offices, cafes, etc.
Adhering to the USE-LESS concept, this project was developed 4 dimensionally on a site in Mount Pleasant, Washington DC. The relationship between a building and time was explored through three elements, an existing wall that is preserved, a wet wall that houses services, and a moving wall that changes according to the userâ s will. This site specific approach to design, rather than program specific, enables the structure to adapt to the social and economic needs of the neighborhood at different rates.Master of Architecture
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Go, Carlo. "Building Life Cycles: An Exploration of a Building's Transformation From One Life Into the Next." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46201.
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"Nothing endures but change" - Heraclitus.
Buildings are designed and built to house a specific program for a set period of time. The end of a buildingâ s life marks a change in its use. In todayâ s building practices, some building owners opt to demolish an entire building prior to constructing a new one. Unfortunately, this world-wide attitude results in the production of millions of tons of waste every year and is not an ecologically sustainable practice.
However, as green building methods become more valued in todayâ s society, building owners and designers are becoming more conscious of buildingsâ end lives. Construction methods are increasingly involving concepts of designing for disassembly, wherein parts and materials can be easily taken apart for reuse or recycling. Such practices are vital in minimizing the unnecessary production of construction waste.
Everything on earth exhibits change. This thesis explores the development of a newly constructed building and its transformation at the end of its life into a new building. The project consists of two designs; the program of the first was predetermined while the program of the second was chosen by the committee at the concluding stage of the first design.
This thesis seeks to develop a position on architectural design and construction methods that acknowledges the fact that buildings are not permanent objects and that they will, at some point in time, change.Master of Architecture
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Webb, David John Tudor. "Stabilised soil building blocks." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/283.
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Many countries in the Third World are faced with the grave problem of providing adequate housing in sufficient quantity at a low cost in line with their economies and the resources of the people. From early ages soil has been used as a major building material for low cost dwellings and more recently, by using cement or lime as a soil stabiliser, reasonable building blocks have been produced. These blocks have been produced using a relatively low compacting pressure and have proved to be of limited satisfaction. Stabilised blocks are weak in the 'wet state' after dernoulding, and prone to damage whilst 'green'; however, after controlled curing, the undamaged blocks are generally usable. From experience it has been observed that the lime stabilised blocks deteriorate rapidly in a hot/wet climate whereas there is hardly any deterioration in a hot/dry climate. Manually operated block making machines have used a compacting pressure of around 2 MN/rn 2 and research has demonstrated that with a machine operating with a compacting pressure of 10 MN/rn2 good quality, durable stabilised soil building elements could be produced.
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Arababadi, Reza. "Energy Use in the EU Building Stock - Case Study: UK." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85840.
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Previous studies in building energy assessmnet have made it clear that the largest potential energy efficiency improvements are conected to the retrofitting of existing buildings. But, lack of information about the building stock and associated modelling tools is one of the barriers to assessment of energy efficiency strategies in the building stocks. Therefore, a methodology has been developed to describe any building stock by the means of archetype buildings. The aim has been to assess the effects of energy saving measures. The model which is used for the building energy simulation is called: Energy, Carbon and Cost Assessment for Buildings Stocks (ECCABS). This model calculated the net energy demand aggregated in heating, cooling, lighting, hotwater and appliances. This model has already been validated using the Swedish residential stock as a test case. The present work continues the development of the methodology by focusing on the UK building stock by discribing the UK building stock trough archetype buildings and their physical properties which are used as inputs to the ECCABS. In addition, this work seekes to check the adequacy of applying the ECCABS model to the UK building stock. The outputs which are the final energy use of the entire building stock are compared to data available in national and international sources. The UK building stoch is described by a total of 252 archetype buildings. It is determined by considering nine building typologies, four climate zones, six periods of construction and two types of heating systems. The total final energy demand calculated by ECCABS for the residential sector is 578.83 TWh for the year 2010, which is 2.6 % higher than the statistics provided by the Department of Energy and Climate Change(DECC). In the non-residential sector the total final energy demand is 77.28 TWh for the year 2009, which is about 3.2% lower than the energy demand given by DECC. Potential reasons which could have affected the acuracy of the final resualts are discussed in this master thesis.
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Wong, Shu-man Ken, and 黃書文. "Revitalization of the building activity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31987345.
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Chernoff, Graham Thomas. "Building the Reformed Kirk : the cultural use of ecclesiastical buildings in Scotland, 1560-1645." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8176.
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This thesis examines the built environment and culture of Scotland between 1560 and 1645 by analysing church buildings erected during the period. The mid-sixteenth century ecclesiastical Reformation and mid-seventeenth-century political and ecclesiastical tumult in Scotland provide brackets that frame the development of this physical aspect of Scottish cultural history. This thesis draws most heavily on architectural and ecclesiastical history, and creates a compound of the two methods. That new compound brings to the forefront of the analysis the people who produced the buildings and for whom the church institution operated. The evidence used reflects this dual approach: examinations of buildings themselves, where they survive, of documentary evidence, and of contemporary and modern maps support the narrative analysis. The thesis is divided into two sections: Context and Process. The Context section cements the place of the cultural contributions made by ecclesiastical buildings to Scottish history by analysing the ecclesiastical historical, theological, and political contexts of buildings. The historical analysis helps explain why, for example, certain places managed to build churches successfully while others took much longer. The creative tension between these on-the-ground institutions and theoretical ideas contributed to Scotland’s ability to produce cultural spaces. The Process section analyses the narratives of individual buildings in several different steps: Preparing, Building, Occupying, and Relating. These steps connected people with the physical entity of a church building. The Preparing chapter shows how many reasons in Scotland there were to initiate a building project. The Building chapter uses financial, design, and work narratives to tease out the intricacies of individual church stories. Occupying and Relating delve into later histories of individual congregations to understand how churches sat within the world about them. Early modern Scottish church building was immensely varied: the position, style, impact, purpose, and success of church buildings were different across the realm. The manner people building and using churches reacted to their environments played no small role in forming habits for future action. Church buildings thus played a role establishing who early modern Scottish people were, what their institutions did, and how their spirituality was lived daily.
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Fung, Wing-kun. "The use of recycled concrete in construction." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30517643.
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FORSLUND, GUSTAF. "The Use of Machine-to-Machine Communication in the Swedish Building Sector." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-198670.
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Keeping pace with the constantly changing surroundings is more important than ever as new game changing technologies appear faster than ever before. In the IT-sector a new technology known as Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication is emerging. The technology has been around for almost 15 years but still has not had the major breakthrough on the mainstream market that has been expected. The reasons for this are topics for speculations and debates since many people have different views and opinions on the matter. M2M Communication uses the Internet to connect machines with each other and gives them intelligence so they can communicate with each other and make their own decisions without human interference. Today the decisions the machines make concerns simple things such as temperature control, automatic CCTV monitoring, turning the lights on and off etc., but in the future M2M Communication technology advocates hope the it will be able to predict heart attacks even before they happen by implementing the M2M Communication technology into smart pacemakers sending an emergency signal to a nearby ambulance that a patient may soon suffer from a heart attack. The technology is also hoped to be used in cars where it will send an emergency signal to a Public-Safety Answering Point (PSAP) saying that a car accident has occurred, where it occurred and how many people that were in the car in order to reduce the number of road deaths. So as mentioned above the public can benefit from the technology once it is widely available. Today experts say that there is somewhere between 5 to 10 years before the technology in general has been adopted by 20 to 30 percent of the potential sectors, known as Connected Things (CT) and third or higher generation innovations are implemented. However, as this Master Thesis research shows, at least one sector has already reached 5 to 10 years into the future and adopted the M2M Communication technology. This sector is the building sector with their Connected Buildings (CB). It is a mature sector that is estimated to grow somewhere around 16 percent CAGR globally and around 13 percent CAGR in the Nordic region until somewhere around 2020. In this Master Thesis research the M2M Communication technology was analyzed specifically for the building sector with focus on Real Estate Management Companies (REMC) on the Swedish market. Interviews and surveys were conducted with the 50 largest (based on revenue) REMCs in order to illustrate their opinion on the M2M Communication technology and its usage and advantages in the building sector. Of the 50 REMCs asked to participate in the survey 16 replied giving a response rate of 32 percent.Att hålla jämna steg med den konstant förändrande omgivningen är idag mer viktigt än någonsin eftersom nya förändrande tekniker dyker upp snabbare än någonsin innan. Inom IT-sektorn finns idag en ny teknik på framfart, en teknik som är känd som Maskin-till-Maskin (M2M) Kommunikation. Tekniken har funnits i snart 15 år men trots det har den fortfarande inte fått det genombrott på den generella marknaden som man kan förvända sig. Anledningarna för detta är fortfarande något som debatteras eftersom många fortfarande har olika åsikter. M2M Kommunikation använder sig av Internet som en resurs för att koppla ihop maskiner så att de kan ”prata” med varandra och ta egna beslut utan mänsklig inblandning. I dagsläget tar maskinerna enkla beslut såsom temperaturreglering, automatisk videoövervakning, slå på och stänga av lampor etc., men i framtiden hoppas man att M2M Kommunikation tekniken ska kunna hjälpa till att bl.a. förutspå hjärtattacker redan innan de händer genom att implementera M2M Kommunikationstekniken i smarta pacemakers som kan sända en nödsignal till en ambulans som berättar att en patient snart kommer att få en hjärtattack. Tekniken hoppas även kunna utnyttjas i bilar som vid en krock direkt skickar en nödsignal till larmcentralen med information om att en krock har ägt rum, var den har ägt rum och hur många som var i bilen i syfte att minska dödsfallen på vägarna. Som nämnt ovan verkar det som att tekniken har enorma fördelar för befolkningen men ändå har den inte haft något större genombrott. Idag säger experter att det kommer att ta ca 5 till 10 år innan teknologin har generellt blivit implementerad av 20 till 30 procent hos de potentiella sektorerna, kända som Connected Things (CT) och tredje generationens innovationer har blivit implementerade. Trots detta, vilket denna studie visar, så har minst en sektor redan nått 5 till 10 år fram i tiden och har redan implementerat M2M Kommunikationsteknologin. Denna sektor är byggnadssektorn med deras Connected Buildings (CB). Det är en mogen sektor som förväntas växa med ca 16 procent CAGR globalt och ca 13 procent CAGR i den nordiska regionen till år 2020. I denna studie var M2M Kommunikationsteknologin analyserad specifikt för byggnadssektorn med fokus på fastighetsskötarbolag på den svenska marknaden. Intervjuer och en enkät-undersökning genomfördes med de 50 största (baserat på omsättning) fastighetsskötarbolagen med syfte att illustrera deras åsikt gällande M2M Kommunikationsteknik och dess användning och fördelar inom byggnadssektorn. Av de 50 st. fastighetsskötarbolag som tillfrågades om de ville ställa upp i enkätundersökningen deltog 16 st. vilket gav en svars-frekvens på 32 procent.
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Cooper, Justine. "Sustainable building maintenance within social housing." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13830/.
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The social housing sector contains the largest number of professionally managed properties and as such has a significant role to play in improving the UK’s economic, environmental and social sustainability. This thesis explores the viability of integrating the sustainability agenda with social housing maintenance decision making in order that the sustainability of existing social housing stock can be improved through planned maintenance (and refurbishment). The thesis presents the argument that the current single criterion, conditioned based approach to maintenance planning does not support the continuous improvement in sustainability of social housing. Furthermore it argues that a new, multi-criteria approach to maintenance planning is needed based upon the performance of a home in-use rather than its condition. The performance based sustainable social housing maintenance model was presented and its application explored with Octavia Housing. Two aspects were further explored, firstly what criteria did landlords need to assess to ensure sustainability was systematically integrated into maintenance planning, and secondly, how could this multi-criteria be assimilated in order to prioritise maintenance actions to improve the sustainability rating of housing going forward. The questionnaire determined that traditional social housing maintenance was still the norm and whilst the sustainability agenda was considered important, it wasn’t integrated within housing management planning. The interviews determined the criteria landlords wished to use to assess the sustainability of their housing stock and prioritise maintenance need, exceeded that expressed in the Decent Homes Standard but, more importantly the specific criteria was unique to individual landlords and no definitive list of criteria required. The case study demonstrated that the proposed maintenance model could be implemented and presented a methodology by which it could be populated. An important aspect of the new maintenance model was the development of the Analytical Hierarchy Process modelling toolkit to measure the sustainability of the existing stock and prioritise maintenance work to improve this measure over time through planned maintenance. Whilst the model was based on data collected in the field, the worked example was theoretical and provides an opportunity for further work with Octavia Housing.
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Ma, Daghoo. "The Role of Comparative Electricity Use Feedback at the Building Level in University Research Buildings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23128.
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University research buildings are significant energy consumers in the United States. There is therefore a need to reduce energy use on the nation\'s campuses, not only cutting their carbon footprints but also saving money. Universities\' efforts to reduce energy use include updating older facilities, implementing renewable energy systems, and encouraging energy saving behavior. This study evaluated the differential effects of two forms of feedback on electricity consumption in two groups of research buildings on a college campus to determine whether providing feedback to energy users has an impact on energy conservation behavior. A control group of buildings received no feedback regarding their electricity use. In the first study group of buildings, occupants received information about their electricity consumption with some electricity saving tips, distributed via email. The same procedure was followed with building occupants in the second study group, who received additional information showing their electricity consumption performance in comparison to other buildings within the study group. The baseline reading was conducted a week before the experiment began in August, 2012. Over the course of the five week study, the daily adjusted average reductions in electricity usage compared to the control group were less than 1 percent for both study groups, with study group 1 achieving an average reduction of 0.2 percent and study group 2 an average reduction of 0.8 percent. Although the reduction observed for study group 2 was 4 times greater than that for study group 1, the saving was not continuous over the study period. Accordingly, the result was deemed to be not statistically significant and the effectiveness of comparative energy use feedback in university research buildings was not supported. However, even small savings in the energy used in university research buildings can be very important in terms of the total amount of energy saved because research buildings use significantly more energy than other buildings on campus such as academic buildings and residence blocks. This study concludes with a consideration of potentially fruitful directions for future research into developing new ways to reduce the energy consumption on university campuses. Master of Science
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Farrell-Lipp, Heather Lea. "Strategies between old and new:Adaptive use of an industrial building." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218673738.
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Arkani, Sepideh. "Contractual interfaces : the implications of building production process management and interorganisational relations for productivity in building project coalitions." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1999. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5706/.
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The aim of this study is to explore the nature of productivity problems in building project coalitions arising from contractual interfaces and conflict. The study investigates the impact of contractual interfaces on the emergence of conflict in both the interorganisational relations of the contracting parties and the operational context of the building production process management. It analyses the dynamics of conflict in the behaviour and performance of the project participants to establish a link between conflict and productivity problems. The focus of the study is the interface between the mechanical and electrical (M&E) contractor and the main contractor. The interface between the main contractor and the client, as well as the design team members, is examined in so far as it affects the relationship between the main and the M&E contractor. The investigation reveals conflict as a potentially creative or destructive behavioural process that emanates from competition between the economic interest of the client and the professional/commercial interests of the consultants and contractors, in conjunction with low levels of trust. In so far as the building production process requires the inputs of all the participants, i.e., the client, the consultants and the contractors, competition gives rise to negotiati6ns. As long as the negotiations comprise integrative bargaining, conflict is creative and results in collective problem solving. In the presence of low levels of trust as reliability or predictability, the more powerful party resorts to strategies of control, domination or manipulation to pursue its own interests at the expense of those of others. Thus negotiations become distributive and conflict becomes dysfunctional. The weaker negotiating party either resists the strategies of power of the more dominant party by applying discretion in the use of their knowledge, and by matching their level of effort to rewards, or capitulates. The level of resistance or capitulation of the weaker party is dependent on their relative size and financial strength compared to those of the dominant party. The study indicates that the nature and level of conflict has a direct impact on the level of motivation, performance and consequently the productivity of the project participants. The investigation finds that conflict is inherent to the contracting system and needs to be managed (Lavers, 1992; Smith, 1992; Langford et ai, 1992). It finds that building project coalitions are organised as networks at the start of the project but may be transformed into political organisations during the project life-cycle (Mintzberg, 1991 (d): 374; Pfeffer, 1981 : 27-9). The imprecise definitions of functions and activities contained in the contractual documents provide the grounds for and facilitate the political activity of the project participants. The investigation therefore supports Clegg' s (1992) postulation that 'contractual documents provide the constitutional and constitutive grounds and framework within which the meaning of the contract is negotiated, contested, and contained' (Clegg, 1992: 135). The opportunistic interpretations resulting negotiations over the meaning of the contract (Tavistock Institute, 1966) very often impecle the full or effective enforcement of the contractual functions and activities, thus reinforce conflictual behaviour. The project managers' capability to manage conflict, though important in terms of preventing escalation of conflict, is indicated to have limited impact on performance levels of project participants. The research concludes that the economic and legal governance structures in the wider business context of building production processes do not foster fair, co-operative and non-confrontational exchange relations (Lane and Bachmann, 1996), and do not appear to discourage the imposition of onerous business agreements by the economically more powerful on those more dependent. It therefore suggests that fundamental changes in both governance structures of building project coalitions as well as attitudes of project coalition representatives are required as the means by which productivity improvements may be carried out.
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Jeffrey, Richmond Downey. "Mother building communal architecture incubator /." View thesis online, 2009. http://docs.rwu.edu/archthese/16/.
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Berggren, Hampus. "The use of higher steel grades in building elements." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83488.
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Structural steel is one of the main building materials used commercial. Its strength is its formality and high yield strength which allows less material overall. Steel is often divided into steel grades such as S275, S355, S420 and so forth. The purpose of this thesis is to look at the strength and weaknesses of the different steel grades and how the area gets effected by higher steel grades. This is done by looking at a real life project where only S355 is used and optimizing for S355, S420 and S460. This is done to shred some light on how much of an improvement the upgrade of steel grade may allow. For each steel grade an optimized cross section is created with the goal of having the lowest area possible. The difference in area for the optimized beams will act as the benchmarking for projected reductions. This optimization is done with the help of Python and follows Eurocode. When looking at the case study, the projected weight reduction is 4,2% for S420 and 7,2% for S460 compared to S355. This reduction is higher on some beams and lower on others. The main driving force for the higher reduced beams is the possibility to utilize more than one type of load condition, example both momentand shear force. Out of the 12 beams, beam 10 have the highest reduction between S355 and S420 which land around 10%. Between S355 and S460 Beam 12 comesin at a area reduction of 14%. As the higher steel grades have a higher equivalent CO2 emission the reduction of equivalent CO2 is lower than the area reduction. The projected reduction of equivalent CO2 for a switch from S355 to S420 is 3,3% and the reduction between S355 and S460 are 5,0%
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Minson, A. J. "Use of laser Doppler anemometer measurements near model buildings to determine wind loading on building attachments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358654.
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Kamath, Shreyas Mandar. "Energy Use Intensities across Building Use Types and Climate Zones using the CBECS dataset." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586533755964739.
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Owen, Gareth A. "Interorganisational trust-building following the 2008 financial crisis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98254/.
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This thesis is a qualitative study of a group of leaders from the Westminster Parliament, the Financial Services Authority and three UK high street banks following the 2008 financial crisis and has been undertaken to further our understanding of interorganisational trust. The study is ethnographically informed, but makes significant use of focus group and interview data. It also uses data collected from Treasury Select Committee meetings and other publications relating to the policy debate following the publication of the draft Independent Commission on Banking Report in April 2011. There is currently a gap in our knowledge about how interpersonal trust relates to trust between organisations. There has been a good deal of empirical work on interpersonal trust between individuals and within organisations; on the other hand, our understanding of interorganisational trust tends to be more theoretical, lacking the same breath of empirical work that has been undertaken on interpersonal trust. This thesis attempts to better understand interorganisational trust building by using what we know from the trust literature. It then proposes a practice-based approach to studying trust-building to address the challenge we face in conceptualising trust coherently at micro and macro levels together, moving our understanding beyond thinking about trust as a construct or as existing at a level. The thesis firstly identifies three practices that help us better understand how trust-building takes place in the complexity of the interorganisational system. The first of these practices is storytelling, the second is curating space, the third is managing knowledge flows. The thesis secondly proposes that understanding individual and organisational actors as occupying a liminal state, existing in a state of being both individual and organisational actors. This allows us to begin to consider trust-building as both a micro and macro concern at once and provides fresh insight into trust-building.
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Connaughton, John Noel. "Making and implementing industrial building investment decisions." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1993. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6136/.
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This thesis aims to increase current understanding of the ways in which large firms make and implement industrial building investment decisions. The study reported involved an investigation, from the corporate perspective, of the decision and implementation stages of capital investment projects in two large UK firms. The orientation of the study is towards a consideration of investment decision making and implementation as a problem for management involving a process of resource allocation occurring over time and throughout the corporate organisation. Drawing on research in the business administration area of social science, the process model of resource allocation by Bower (1970) is used as a conceptual framework and to suggest propositions for study which direct attention at key features of the process. By viewing corporate capital investment decision making and implementation within this framework - and as part of an in-depth, case-based, exploratory research strategy - rather than in terms of its financial or economic consequences, the study reaches an understanding of the ways in which both firms studied actually made and implemented their capital investment decisions. The analysis utilised the study propositions to explore the resource allocation process and yields important observations on the role of the construction industry in the investment decision process and of the role of the corporate client in the construction process. The central finding is that the implementation of corporate capital investment, seen from the firm's perspective, is more a continuation of the process of capital investment than an end result of it. The study suggests that the construction industry participates rather more in the investment decision process, and the corporate client participates rather more in the construction process, than is generally recognised in the literatures on corporate capital investment and construction management.
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Persson, Johannes. "Low-energy buildings : energy use, indoor climate and market diffusion." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143480.
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Low-energy buildings have, in recent years, gained attention and moved towards a large-scale introduction in the residential sector. During this process, national and international criteria for energy use in buildings have become stricter and the European Union has through the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive imposed on member states to adapt their building regulations for ‘Nearly Zero Energy Buildings’, which by 2021 should be standard for new buildings. With a primary focus on new terraced and detached houses, this thesis analyses how the concept of low-energy buildings may be further developed to reduce the energy use in the residential sector. The main attention is on the technical performance in terms of indoor climate and heat consumption as well as on the market diffusion of low-energy buildings into the housing market. A multidisciplinary approach is applied, which here means that the concept of low-energy buildings is investigated from different perspectives as well as on different system levels. The thesis thus encompasses methods from both engineering and social sciences and approaches the studied areas through literature surveys, interviews, assessments and simulations. The thesis reveals how an increased process integration of the building’s energy system can improve the thermal comfort in low-energy buildings. Moreover, it makes use of learning algorithms – in this case artificial neural networks – to study how the heat consumption can be predicted in a low-energy building in the Swedish climate. The thesis further focuses on the low-energy building as an element in our society and it provides a market diffusion analysis to gain understanding of the contextualisation process. In addition, it suggests possible approaches to increase the market share of low-energy buildings.QC 20140321
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Fung, Wing-kun, and 馮永根. "The use of recycled concrete in construction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30517643.
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Lin, Ko-Yang. "Investigating reducing building energy use at urban scale in Taipei." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51894/.
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Sustainable development related design and research has shown a focus shift from new building projects to existing ones; from the building scale to the regional and the urban scale; from construct and assessing the energy performance of buildings to participating at an earlier design stage. Taipei has been selected as the subject of this research due to its extremely high urbanization and huge pressure from the existing built environment. In order to achieve the national goal for reducing CO2 emissions, appropriate localized guidelines for buildings are urgently needed. Therefore, this research aims to understand, analyze and predict the energy performance of the architectures in Taipei, and offers a series of design strategies to help reduce the energy demand at building and urban scales. This will be achieved through the application of modelling, integrating SketchUp (@Last Software 2000), HTB2 v2.10 (WSA 2008; Alexander 2008), and Virvil Plugins (WSA 2012; Jones et al. 2011). The whole research process is a two-phase study. The first phase is to create models at different scales based on observation of the practical building environment, analysis of architecture related data and practical situations in Taipei, and then simulate them in a bottom-up method to understand the fundamental energy performance of different buildings, groups, blocks and districts. In the second phase, the model is extended to examine important variables and related strategies at both building and urban scales. This research finds that lighting, equipment efficiency, temperature settings of AC systems, orientation, glazing ratio, shading devices, and wall-to-volume ratio are important variables for architectures at building scale. Furthermore, development intensity, block usage type, wall-to-volume ratio, volume rate, building coverage ratio, average building height, surrounding road width, over-shading, insulation and outdoor environment are comparatively critical at urban scale. Additional interesting findings showed that the impacts brought by orientation, shading device, and insulation are not consistent at different scales. Lastly, some guidelines are presented to be used as a reference for new and existing buildings.
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Felix, Robert. "The use of domestic building products by the owner-builder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327984.
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Lau, Tak-bun Denvid. "Use of advanced composite materials for innovative building design solutions/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53110.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-98).
Advanced composite materials become popular in construction industry for the innovative building design solutions including strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures. The interface between different materials is a key issue of such design solutions as the structural integrity relies much on the bond. Knowledge on durability of concrete/epoxy interface is becoming essential as the use of these systems in applications such as FRP strengthening and retrofitting of concrete structures is becoming increasingly popular. Prior research studies in this area have indicated that moisture affected debonding in a FRP-bonded concrete system is a complex phenomenon that may often involve a distinctive dry-to-wet debonding mode shift from material decohesion (concrete delamination) to interface separation (concrete/epoxy interface) in which concrete/epoxy interface becomes the critical region of failure. Such premature failures may occur regardless of the durability of the individual constituent materials forming the material systems. Thus, the durability of FRP-bonded concrete is governed by the microstructure of the concrete/epoxy interface as affected by moisture ingress. In this work, fracture toughness of concrete/epoxy interfaces as affected by combinations of various degrees of moisture ingress and temperature levels is quantified. For this purpose, sandwich beam specimens containing concrete/epoxy interfaces are tested and analyzed using the concepts of fracture mechanics.
(cont.) Experimental results have shown a significant decrease in the interfacial fracture toughness of concrete/epoxy bond with selected levels of moisture and temperature conditioning of the specimens. The strength of adhesive joint degrades as implied by the failure mode shift from concrete decohesion in controlled specimens to interface separation in conditioned specimens. In this thesis, primary data on the mixed mode fracture toughness of concrete/epoxy interfaces are presented as a basis for use in the design improvement of material systems containing such interfaces for better system durability, and issues related to the structural implications are also discussed.
by Tak Bun Denvid Lau.
S.M.
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Yan, Feng. "The use of passive damping to increase sound insulation in buildings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31643/.
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This thesis examined the potential sound insulation benefit by using damping material to absorb vibrational energy along its transmission path. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) was used to evaluate the effect on system performance of adding damping globally, as well as its influence on individual transmission paths. Nine different theoretical models were studied using both bending only and three-wave SEA models to predict the system behaviour in different frequency regions. The results suggest that global damping treatment generally increases the sound insulation in buildings. Initial increases in the internal loss factor (a term used in SEA to describe material damping properties) were found to provide significant initial improvements in sound insulation and flanking paths as opposed to direct paths were found to benefit more from damping treatment. A simple approximation was proposed to predict the damping benefit of paths of specific order without the need to run a full SEA model. In the presence of heavily damped structural element, where SEA is less likely to provide accurate prediction, a forward ray tracing algorithm was proposed as a supplement. It enables one to predict the energy transmission through a heavily damped component coupling two or more lightly damped components (or SEA subsystems). The energy distribution along the edges of the damped component was studied. The contribution from the direct field was found to dominate the incident energy and resulting transmission, especially in areas close to the source when damping is high. Different passive damping treatment techniques were reviewed as well as the theoretical damping level that is achievable as a guidance for theoretical and experimental validation. Several damping measurement techniques were studied and experimental validation of the ray tracing code was undertaken.
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Bang, Jakob. "Mixed-use building at Washington Circle inspired by the Situationist ideas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10176.
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The project is a mixed-use building based on three main Situationist themes:
1. The creations of situations - creating a foundation for the spontaneous interaction between users of a building and people randomly passing by.
2. The Labyrinth - a playful structure that is not necessarily rational and leaves scope for new discoveries that are not evident when you enter the building.
3. Unitary Urbanism - avoiding the sharp distinctions between workplace, residential housing and leisure, the building aims to integrate all aspects of human endeavor. The building should reflect all aspects of the city, hence being a condensed image of the city. The building contains shops, cafes, restaurants, apartments and movie theatres. The building is open and invites the users to explore.Master of Architecture
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Pienaar, Rousseau. "City building." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02212005-085046.
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Bergsten, Susan. "Industrialised building systems : vertical extension of existing buildings by use of light gauge steel framing systems and 4D CAD tools." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/23.
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Tamilvanan, Karthickraj, and Sai Kiran Mathipadi. "The impact from varying wind parameters and climate zones on building energy use : A case study on two multi-family buildings in Sweden using building energy simulation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170901.
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Globally, buildings utilize 35 % of the final energy use and contribute to approximately one-third of CO2 emissions. Hence, reducing the energy use of buildings contributes to a large amount of CO2 emissions to be decreased. The building’s energy use is affected by many parameters, including wind which plays an important role in building energy use. In this thesis, we aim to analyze the impact of wind parameters on building’s energy use on two multi-family building types with natural ventilation at various wind sheltering conditions at different climatic zones in Sweden. Building energy simulation models (BES) of a standalone and an attached building located in Visby, Sweden, were constructed with the use of the dynamic BES IDA ICE. Luleå and Malmö were taken as other two study locations to investigate the impact from different climate zones. The simulations were performed with the constructed calculation models, with the various wind sheltering conditions at the different climatic zones to calculate the energy use of the buildings and ventilation and infiltration losses. The sensitivity analysis was then carried out based on changing the wind profile of the climate file to evaluate the impact of wind on the ventilation and infiltration losses, as well as the heat energy use of the building. The results showed that the energy use for space heating of the attached building was 89 kWh/m2 (38 %) lower than the standalone building. The energy use varies between 9–20 kWh/m2 (3–10 %) considering the exposed, semi-exposed and sheltered wind condition for the two building types. In the different climate zones, Luleå has 47 kWh/m2 higher energy use compared to Visby and Malmö for the standalone building. The corresponding figure for the attached building is 25 kWh/m2. The sensitivity analysis show that when the wind speed is increased by 100 %, the ventilation and infiltration losses increase between 3563–18683 kWh (54–61 %) while the energy use of the building increases between 11–54 kWh/m2 (20–27 %).
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Wang, Chengju. "Energy use and energy saving in buildings and asthma, allergy and sick building syndrome (SBS): a literature review." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30086.
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Energy use in buildings is an important contribution to global CO2 emissions and contributes to global warming. In recent years, there has been concern about creating energy efficiency buildings, green buildings and healthy buildings but this development needs guidance by multidisciplinary scientists and experts. Since energy saving can influence the indoor environment in different ways, epidemiological research is needed in different climate zones to evaluate the health consequences of making the buildings more energy efficient. Epidemiological studies and modelling studies are available on health effects and indoor effects of energy conversation, improved thermal insulation, increased air tightness and creating green buildings. The health-related literature on this issue was reviewed, by searching scientific articles in the medical Database PubMed and in the general database Web of Science as well as Nature database. In this literature review, 53 relevant peer reviewed articles on health effects of energy use and energy saving were found. Most of the studies had investigated residential buildings. One main conclusion from the review is that combined energy efficiency improvements in buildings can be associated with improvement of general health, such as less asthma, allergies, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, respiratory symptoms, and reduced cold-related and heat-related mortality. Moreover, combined energy efficiency improvements can improve indoor air quality, increase productivity and satisfaction and reduce work leave and school absence. Effective heating of buildings can reduce respiratory symptoms and reduce work leave and school absence. However, some potential health problems can occur if increased energy efficiency will reduce ventilation flow. Energy saving by increasing air tightness or reducing ventilation is associated with impaired indoor air quality and negative health effects. In contrast, improved ventilation may reduce SBS, respiratory symptoms and increase indoor air quality. Installation of mechanical ventilation can solve the negative effects of making the building construction in dwellings more air tight. In future research, more studies are needed on health impacts of single energy efficiency improvement methods. Existing studies have mostly used a combination of improvement methods. In addition, modelling software programs should more often be used, since they can take into account effects of different energy efficiency improvement methods on indoor air quality in different types of buildings and in different climates.
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Morton, Emma Mellanie. "Building 'in' tenant energy performance : a new method of benchmarking variations in patterns of use by building tenure." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28855.
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To deliver the overarching EU Energy Performance of Building Directive energy reduction targets and deliver efficient building energy performance in practice, improved methods of communicating building performance evaluation, at design and operational stage, are necessary to review (i) the impact of variation in patterns of use and its effect on overall building performance and (ii) whether the building or the occupants patterns of use are operating effectively. The thesis aims to make contributions in these areas. The approach taken was to make the hypothesis that a new method could be developed, to ensure a fairer and more informed demonstration of a tenantâs patterns of use on energy performance, which could be integrated into the existing design and evaluation process. The new method is developed through (i) consideration of the building energy performance evaluation field and reference to current regulatory processes and guidance (ii) tested in application through evaluating the impact of variations in patterns of use on energy performance between building tenures, sharing the same building (ii) furthermore by simulating and calculating potential impacts of extreme usage patterns by demonstrating how the building would perform under minimum and maximum scenarios and (iv) critically evaluating integration into the existing energy performance evaluation process. The new method is defined from adjustments to the articulation of occupancy capacity present in regulatory and compliance calculations, which are offered and critically reviewed. The adjustments are (i) to assess tenure energy performance scenarios with new minimum and maximum tenure occupancy load factor benchmarks (ii) measure aggregated energy use of a full-time employee defined by tenure occupancy load factors and (iii) determine occupant and building ineffective practices. The new method of evaluating a building's energy performance range takes into account variations in patterns of use, which exist between building tenant groups to identify where the tenant group sits in relation to a set of 5 predefined benchmarks to evaluate if the building is performing badly or if in fact, it's the practices of the building users, which are inefficient. The research demonstrates that variations in patterns of use can account for a 44% increase in energy use per m2 and 112% increase per person in commercial offices. This illustrates that the current method of predicting energy consumption patterns based on fixed occupancy and set hours of operation for a sole tenant is misleading and allows for a large margin of uncertainty unless the exact patterns of use can be established at the design stage. The outcome of the new method is intended to contribute energy efficient building design and operation to improve energy resource efficiency in practice. This results in a new method, integrated throughout the lifecycle of the building, to support green tenancy agreements, such as the Tenant Energy Efficiency Regulations 2018 and other energy performance contracts. The integration of the proposed new method into the existing regulatory and guidance methodologies is proposed and demonstrated. The development of the method is focused on a specific building purpose group; yet, the method could be reviewed and applied to other building groups with appropriate methods and metrics. The thesis provides foundation and motivation for further research in this area.
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Edwards, Andrew J. "Properties of hydraulic and non-hydraulic limes for use in construction." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2005. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6884.
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The term "lime" comes from the word limestone. Limestone rocks were converted to lime powder by burning (calcining). The process of converting limestone to lime was an old process and it has been well documented, archaeologically. It has been established that the production of lime is the oldest industrial process can"ied out by humankind, dating back thousands of years. In fact, 3650 years ago Moses instructed the people of Israel, after they crossed the Jordan River, to set up large stones and whitewash them with lime and write the laws of God in lime. Lime was the most commonly used cementatious binder until about a century ago, when its use started to decline. It was replaced by Portland cement, a material essentially developed for structural purposes in the era of the industrial revolution. Portland cement has certain advantages over lime. The material develops strength and hardens faster for work to be carried out at a greater pace with better quality control and agreed standards. It has now become the dominant cementitious binder, part of it due to aggressive marketing of the material by the manufacturers. The use of Portland cement in the restoration and conservation of old buildings and structures in the UK over the past few years has resulted in a series of problems and cost millions of Pounds to eradicate. The decline in the use of lime in many countries has not only caused a diminution of its production, but has also contributed to a gradual disappearance of the traditional skills required both to produce a high quality product and to use it in construction. Therefore it is necessary to reintroduce and revive the old tradition of using lime by providing more information about its production and use. At present there are no comprehensive standards or code of practices, British or European to aid engineers and contractors in the use of hydraulic and non hydraulic limes in construction. BS EN 459 (2001) gives guidance on the chemical and physical properties of limes but it does not provide vital information about lime-based mortars e.g. mix proportions, mixing process, bond with masonry units, curing methods and all other necessary aspects to assess in the use of the material in construction. At present it is very easy for engineers, contractors and consultants to misuse lime mortars in new construction or in restoration and conservation of old buildings. Part of the decline in production of lime and reluctance of use in construction is due to the lack of understanding of the material properties and its performance in structures. Therefore it is necessary to examine and revive the old tradition in using lime mortars in construction and look at the new technologies used presently in the production process in order to provide the necessary background and information to aid the use of the material The present study provides a literature review, test results, discussions, conclusions and background information to set up standards in the production and use of hydraulic and non-hydraulic limes and their mortars in the construction of new buildings and the restoration and conservation of old buildings. Hydraulic and non-hydraulic limes have an excellent track record in buildings through history but their use in the UK was missed for some thirty years or more. Part of the reason for undertaking this research programme was to examine the properties of pre-packaged hydraulic limes available in the market at present. The properties of limes vary considerably dependent on the raw materials, composition and manufacturing process. The results of this study showed that there was a great variation in the properties and performance of limes and their mortars. The results also showed that the properties of lime mortar improved by adding different percentages of POliland cement. The research examined the effect of sand grading on the lime mortars compreSSIve, splitting and brick/mortar bond strength. The thesis also investigated the effects of using different casting moulds and curing methods on mortar strength. The results showed that the porosity of lime mortar was one of the reasons it was a success in the past and why it was so important nowadays to use it in the restoration and conservation of historic buildings.
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Shafqat, Omar. "Decreasing Energy Use by 50% in Swedish Multifamily buildings by 2050 - Obstacles and Opportunities." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102294.
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Building sector in Sweden constitutes a major part of the overall energy consumption, making up for around 40% of the total energy use. During the 60s and 70s, there was a big surge in housing in Sweden with over a million dwellings, both single family houses and multi-family apartments, constructed over a period of ten years. These buildings constructed according to the pre-oil crisis standards, suffer from poor energy performance and are in dire need for large scale renovations. This makes it a very interesting area to focus on to meet the Swedish government targets of 50% energy reduction by 2050. This study tries to assess the prevailing situation in multifamily housing sector and focuses on various obstacles and hinders in the path towards achieving long term energy saving goals. A model has been developed using bottom-up approach to study different scenarios for energy use in 2050 based on various renovation possibilities in the building stock.
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Reynolds, Patricia Ruth Alcock. "Transmission and recall: the use of short wall anchors in the wide world." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489201.
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This thesis considers the use of a little-known building technique: short wall anchor construction. Ignored by its users and misunderstood by many of those who observed it subsequently, the short wall anchor construction technique has proved a useful window into the perception and behaviour of early modern people and subsequent communities.
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Nordström, Gustav. "Use of energy-signature method to estimate energy performance in single-family buildings." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26730.
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The renewal of the existing housing stock is a slow progress and theexisting is quite old. The existing housing stock represents a largeamount of the bought energy need for heating and a simple method forquickly determining the energy performance is needed.There are many different methods for estimating the energyperformance of buildings. In this report the feasibility of using asingle-variate steady state method to investigate energy performancehas been tested. Bought energy need in single-family houses in a coldclimate has been observed during the cold period. The observationshave been made with the help of a measurement system requiring aminimal installation. The heat loss factor of the observed buildingshas been determined using the energy signature approach and differenttime scales have been tried.The result shows that to determine the heat loss factor of single-familybuildings, a single-variate method is valid. Daily averages are a goodtime scale for houses using radiators under the windows to heat thebuilding. Buildings with floor heating in concrete slab need to have alonger time scale, around 3 days.The method does not account for occupancy levels and separateenergy use in specific installations is not easy to estimate with theminimalized measurement setup. A combination of heat sources suchas district heating, electrical heating, heat recovery and/or fire stove isproblematic to handle with the energy signature method if enoughobservations for al heat sources can be achieved.Godkänd; 2014; 20140916 (ysko); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Gustav Nordström Ämne: Träbyggnad/Timber Structures Uppsats: Use of energy-signature method to estimate energy performance in single-family buildings Examinator: Biträdande professor Helena Lidelöw, Institutionen för Samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Teknologie doktor Jutta Schade, avd. för Byggproduktion, Institutionen för Samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 31 oktober 2014 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
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O'Connor, Moira. "Architects' attitudes to British Building Colour Standards and colour-use in general." Thesis, Teesside University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253749.
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Høseggen, Rasmus Z. "Dynamic use of the building structure - energy performance and thermal environment." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1998.
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The main objectives of this thesis have been to evaluate how, under which premises, and to what extent building thermal mass can contribute to reduce the net energy demand in office buildings. The thesis also assesses the potential thermal environmental benefits of utilizing thermal mass in office buildings, i.e. reduction of temperature peaks, reduction of temperature swings, and the reduction in the number of hours with excessive operative temperatures. This has been done by literature searches, and experimental and analytical assessments. This thesis mainly concerns office buildings in the Norwegian climate. However, the methods used and the results obtained from this work are transferable to other countries with similar climates and building codes.
Within the limitations of this thesis and based on the findings from all parts and papers this thesis comprises, it is shown that utilization of thermal mass in office buildings reduces the daytime peak temperature, reduces the diurnal temperature swing, decreases the number of hours with excessive temperatures, and increases the ability of a space to handle daytime heat loads. Exposed thermal mass also contributes to decrease the net cooling demand in buildings. However, thermal mass is found to have only a minor influence on the heating demand in office buildings.
The quantity of the achievements is dependent on the amount of exposed thermal mass, night ventilation strategy, and airflow rates. In addition, parameters such as set point temperatures, control ranges, occupancy patterns, daytime ventilation airflow rates, and prevailing convection regimes are influential for the achieved result. The importance of these parameters are quantified and discussed.
Hovedmålene med denne avhandlingen har vært å evaluere hvordan, under hvilke forutsetninger og i hvilken utstrekning termisk masse kan bidra til å redusere netto energibehov i kontorbygninger. Avhandlingen vurderer også hvilke potensielle fordeler termisk masse har for det termiske inneklimaet, dvs. reduksjon av maksimumstemperatur, temperatursvingninger og antall timer med overtemperaturer. Disse undersøkelsene er gjort gjennom søk i litteraturen, feltstudier og analytiske metoder. Avhandlingen omfatter i hovedsak kontorbygninger under norske forhold, men metodene og resultatene er overførbare til andre land med sammenlignbare klimatiske forhold og byggeskikk.
Innenfor avgrensningene gjort i avhandlingen og basert funnene i de ulike delene og artiklene avhandlingen består av, er det vist at utnyttelse av termisk masse i kontorbygg bidrar til å redusere netto energibehov. Termisk masse reduserer også maksimumstemperaturen dagtid, demper temperaturvariasjonene over døgnet og reduserer antall timer med overtemperaturer. Utnyttelse av termisk masse bidrar også til at rom kan tåle en høyere intern varmelast enn lette rom uten at dette går ut over den termiske komforten. Termisk masse har imidlertid liten betydning for energibehovet for oppvarming i kontorbygg.
Gevinsten med å utnytte termisk masse avhenger av tilgjengeligheten av eksponerte tunge materialer, strategi for nattventilasjon og ventilasjonsluftmengder. I tillegg innvirker parametere som settpunkttemperaturer, dødbånd og kontrollintervaller for ventilasjonen og bruksmønster. Innvirkningen av disse parametrene er diskutert og kvantifisert.
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Bucker, Matthew Donald. "Flux adaptable building through the use of prefabrication in juvenile justice /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212167198.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: George Thomas Bible (Committee Chair), Michael McInturf (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 8, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: Prefabrication; Adaptability. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lin, Chun-ming, and 連振明. "Managerial use of quantitative techniques in building project management: contractors perspectives." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251602.
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Lin, Chun-ming. "Managerial use of quantitative techniques in building project management : contractors perspectives /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949275.
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Kling, Christoph. "Investigations into damping in building acoustics by use of downscaled models." Berlin : Logos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989979938/04.
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Jensen, Peter Samuel. "The Use of Building Information Modeling in Generating Hard Bid Estimates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2391.
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Building Information Modeling has provided many benefits to the architectural, engineering, construction and facilities management communities. Many studies have been done to validate the asserted benefits, including benefits to the field of estimating. The studies on estimating are currently limited to the realm of conceptual estimates, and have only treated detailed estimates in the abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine how BIM was being used by companies in a hard bid, or detailed estimate scenario. The research team used the Deseret Towers housing project at Brigham Young University as the basis for the research. A building information model (BIM) was provided to all bidders on the project, and at the conclusion of the bidding process a survey was used to determine how the contractors used the model in their bidding processes. The findings determined that a few of the contractors did use the model for quantity takeoff, and one actually used the quantities as the basis for the submitted bid. Additionally, the survey attempted to determine the prevailing attitudes of the estimators toward BIM as a tool in estimating, and their opinions of the future of BIM in estimating.
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Heaton, Michael. "Spolia Britannica : the historical use of salvaged building materials in Britain." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687377.
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Analysis of the historical significance of 'salvage' or 'spolia' in British buildings during the 17th - 19th centuries, based on case studies from the author's professional caseload. Concludes that the material was used for aesthetic and polemical effect by predominantly Catholic owners and tenants.
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Olsson, Stefan. "Building renovation processes towards low greenhouse gas emissions and energy use." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192888.
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Buildings from the record year era are now 40 – 55 years old and in many cases in need of extensive renovation measures. This need for renovation could be seen as an opportunity to achieve overarching sustainability target levels and to perform renovation with a holistic approach. This thesis aims at creating support for the formulation and achievement of adequate environmental targets that relate to overarching Swedish Environmental Quality Objectives. The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to an understanding of the current situation of environmental management in renovation processes. The scope of this thesis is limited to the aspects energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy use and material production. This thesis contributes to this aim with a stepwise procedure for evaluation of measures together with a proposal for target levels for three environmental aspects. The first paper appended to this thesis investigates how six Swedish property owners performed renovation projects. From this paper it can be concluded that the main barrier (except economic ones) are characterized by lack of knowledge about overarching objectives and what aspects define a sustainable built environment. The second paper assesses embodied GHG emissions due to material production for the totality of measures needed to reduce operational energy demand per unit heated floor area by 50% compared with 1995. On a national level, embodied GHG emissions are estimated to be 12% of the reduction of GHG emissions achieved by operational energy demand reduction. The final paper appended to this thesis uses a case study building to illustrate a working procedure to identify project-specific target levels for three environmental aspects. In addition, it identifies indicative improvements necessary for the achievement of long-term targets for those aspects, which could be focused and further investigated in later project stages with the help of a long-term plan of action.QC 20160926
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Farrell-Lipp, Heather. "Strategies between old and new adaptive use of an industrial building /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1218673738.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Michael Mcinturf. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 3, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Adaptive use; adaptive-use; adaptive reuse; adaptive re-use, industrial building; conservation; historical preservation. Includes bibliographic references.
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Crowley, Michael J. A., R. Isbister, and S. Meek. "Building Comprehensive Controls on Small Arms Manufacturing, Transfer and End-use." Thesis, British American Security Information Council (BASIC), International Alert and Saferworld, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4272.
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yesSmall arms and light weapons can enter the illicit market at many stages in their lifecycle. From manufacture, to sale/export, to import, and then to final end use, States must establish and enforce stringent and comprehensive licensing and monitoring systems to ensure that small arms and light weapons (SALW) remain under legal control. The UN Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects and ensuing follow-up process provide States with important opportunities to analyse and compare how existing systems governing the manufacture and trade in SALW are working. They further provide the context in which best practice can be agreed and implemented internationally, and for the discussion of how future trends and developments in SALW manufacture and transfer can be more effectively brought within State control. To this end, this briefing paper covers two separate but closely related issues. The first section of the report will analyse existing State and regional controls on SALW manufacture and examine how international measures, including the UN Conference, can reinforce such controls. In this regard, the growth of licensed production and co-production agreements is highlighted, together with implications for the development of adequate regulations. The second section examines those systems that are currently in place for the authorisation of SALW transfers and for the certification and monitoring of their ultimate end-use. Recommendations for best practice and implications for the UN Conference process are also discussed.
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Askew, Chad Lee. "Unlocking the Urban Box: A Multi-Use Building for Asheville, NC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9571.
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The city block may be seen as the fabric of the urban environment. It is often a compacted form, divided only by changing facades and party walls. Boxes all in rows. There is an inescapable sense of enclosure. Architecture has the potential to unlock the box, allowing interaction between inside and out.
The opening, be it a window, skylight, or void, becomes the way that the interior and exterior inform one another. The opening must not only relate to the street and city, but also to the sky and sun. It is an intangible element, created by the form and material that reside in proximity to it. Experiencing the intangible allows a connection to be made with the nature of the site. The opening, generated by form, mass, and material, in turn generates, through visual interaction and the play of light, space that informs and transcends.Master of Architecture
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BUCKER, MATTHEW DONALD. "Flux: adaptable building through the use of prefabrication in juvenile justice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212167198.
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Caven, Valerie. "Building a career : gender and employment in a male-dominated profession." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11728/.
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Models of employment have become gendered with the 'standard' or masculine model following an unbroken, linear career path whilst the feminine model comprises periods of both full-time and part-time employment as well as intervals of non-participation in the labour market. Commitment to work is defined against these norms with those women who follow the masculine career pattern being said to display greater commitment to work than those who follow an alternative path. It is considered that career progression within an organisational hierarchy is dependent upon following the ‘standard' type of career path, which disadvantages women as historically they have been less likely than men to follow such a path. This thesis argues that there has been an over reliance on such explanations to illustrate and justify women's employment. Such studies patronise women by imposing these explanations on them without work being done to investigate women's own evaluations of their employment. The aim of this research is to examine the working arrangements of a group of highly qualified professional women architects who 'fit' the profile of high commitment to their career by their investment in qualifications. They work in an established 'traditional' profession in what is still very much a 'man's world'. The research aims to go deeper than just to confirm or disconfirm the stereotypes or profile. Within the structural and cultural components that form the profile, it examines the paths the women have taken, how they have progressed through their working and family lives, the choices and sacrifices they have made. In short, it explores not 'what' they have done but 'how' and 'why' they have done it.
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Malm, Erik. "Conducting electricity survey for an existing facility : a systematic approach." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-63576.
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For a sustainable future it is important to use Earth’s resources efficiently. One way of doing this is to reduce the energy use in buildings. For the end user, increased energy efficiency will also lead to economical benefits from reduced energy costs. The facility management of Saab AB in Järfälla expressed a concern regarding the electricity consumption during night in their facility. The question arose why the power draw during night was at its current level. Answering this question would increase the management’s understanding of the energy systems and if there are measures to implement increasing the facility’s energy efficiency. An outline for a systematic electricity survey was made inspired by audits developed by ASHRAE and the Swedish energy agency. The scope developed for the survey was set to only investigate one building, but doing this thoroughly. After measuring supplied power to the buildings on the compound systematically, one building was selected as the subject for the continued survey. The different energy systems of the building was identified and investigated, such as chillers, pumps, computers and lighting. Using both data loggers and electrical testing equipment the different systems were measured either over time or momentarily. The power draw for each of the systems was estimated using measurements, calculations, interviews and assumptions. The power draw during night for each system identified was presented both numerically in tables and as fractions of the total building electricity use in charts. It was found that the cooling related systems constituted over 40% of the power draw at night, and computer related activity was roughly 29%. This is due to the high amount of computer activity during night generating huge amount of heat that needs to be rejected via several cooling systems. Regulatory issues were found on cooling systems and the lighting control strategy causes high lighting levels during night. The occupancy hours were found to deviate from the defined hours in data charts, causing ventilation not to operate according to occupancy. Several measures were suggested to reduce the electricity use during night, ranging from increased maintenance and revising control systems to more capital intensive measures such as variable speed drive for pumps and chillers.
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Kumar, Bimal. "Knowledge processing for structural design." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329496.
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