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Journal articles on the topic 'User equipment (UE) - to - network relaying'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Perez-Romero, Jordi, Roig José Oriol Sallent, and Olga Ruiz. "On Exploiting User Equipment Relaying Capabilities in Beyond 5G Networks: Opportunities, Challenges and Roadmap." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 19, no. 4 (2024): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2024.3477848.

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Mobile Network Operators are facing significant expenditures in deploying 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) infrastructure to achieve the level of densification required formeeting the new services demands. This will be exacerbated in Beyond 5G scenarios, which envisage the operation in high frequency bands with poor propagation. Therefore, operators need to find new and cost-efficient ways of managing and deploying their infrastructure. In this context, sustained on the technological evolution of the User Equipment (UE) and on recent standardization initiatives,

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2

Tran, Thanh-Nam, and Miroslav Voznak. "Multi-Points Cooperative Relay in NOMA System with N-1 DF Relaying Nodes in HD/FD Mode for N User Equipments with Energy Harvesting." Electronics 8, no. 2 (2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020167.

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Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is the key technology promised to be applied in next-generation networks in the near future. In this study, we propose a multi-points cooperative relay (MPCR) NOMA model instead of just using a relay as in previous studies. Based on the channel state information (CSI), the base station (BS) selects a closest user equipment (UE) and sends a superposed signal to this UE as a first relay node. We have assumed that there are N UEs in the network and the N-th UE, which is farthest from BS, has the poorest quality signal transmitted from the BS compared the othe

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3

Hernández-Carlón, Juan Jesús, Jordi Perez-Romero, Roig José Oriol Sallent, Muñoz Irene Vilà, and Ferran Casadevall. "Deep Learning-based Algorithm for Optimizing Relay User Equipment Activation in 5G Cellular Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 73, no. 3 (2023): 4234–46. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3328057.

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This paper addresses the problem of optimally using the relay capabilities of user equipment (UE) to augment the radio access network (RAN) in 5G deployments and beyond. This can be particularly useful in coverage constrained scenarios, such as those using millimeter waves, due to the difficulty radio signals penetrate some structures. This can lead to signal blockages and high penetration losses when providing outdoor-to-indoor coverage. To overcome these limitations, the use of relay UEs (RUEs) is seen as a possible solution to effectively extend the coverage of a cellular network. In this c

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4

Tian, Kang, Yameng Liu, Haojun Chai, and Boyang Liu. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Offloading Management in UAV-Assisted MEC System." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 16, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2491389.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been envisioned as a promising technique to provide relaying and mobile edge computing (MEC) services for ground user equipment (UE). In this paper, we propose a UAV-assisted MEC architecture in dynamic environment, where a UAV flies with a fixed trajectory and may act as a MEC server to process the tasks offloaded from the UE or act as a relay to help the UE to offload their tasks to the ground base station (BS). The objective of this work is to maximize the long-term number of completed tasks of the UE. An optimization problem is formulated to optimize th

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5

Gui, Jinsong, Xiangwen Dai, and Xiaoheng Deng. "Stabilizing Transmission Capacity in Millimeter Wave Links by Q-Learning-Based Scheme." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (February 11, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7607316.

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Due to uncontrollable factors (e.g., radio channel quality, wireless terminal mobility, and unpredictable obstacle emergence), a millimeter wave (mmWave) link may encounter some problems like unstable transmission capacity and low energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new transmission capacity stabilization scheme based on the Q-learning mechanism with the aid of edge computing facilities in an integrated mmWave/sub-6 GHz system. With aid of the proposed scheme, an integrated mmWave/sub-6 GHz user equipment (UE) can adjust its transmission power and angle, even choose a relaying UE to

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6

Kei Sakaguchi, Takumi Yoneda, Masashi Iwabuchi, and Tomoki Murakami. "mmWave massive analog relay MIMO." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 2, no. 6 (2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/wzof2275.

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Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communications are a key technology to realize ultra-high data rate and ultra-low latency wireless communications. Compared with conventional communication systems in the microwave band such as 4G/LTE, mmWave communications employ a higher frequency band which allows a wider bandwidth and is suitable for large capacity communications. It is expected to be applied to various use cases such as mmWave cellular networks and vehicular networks. However, due to the strong diffraction loss and the path loss in the mmWave band, it is difficult or even impossible to achieve hig

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7

Verdecia-Peña, Randy, and José I. Alonso. "Performance Analysis of Two-Hop mmWave Relay Nodes over the 5G NR Uplink Signal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135828.

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In this paper, the uplink in a two-hop 5G new radio co-operative system using Relay Nodes (RNs) in millimeter bands has been simulated and studied. We focus on an uplink Amplify-and-Forward Relay Node (A&F RN) and Decode-and-Forward Relay Node (D&F RN) with an mmWave-band transceiver chain (Tx/Rx). We study two uplink mmWave MIMO D&F relaying protocols assuming, firstly, the complete knowledge of the uplink channel and, secondly, the uplink channel estimation through a Least Square (LS) algorithm. To verify the benefits of the proposed uplink mmWave MIMO co-operative network, a lin

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8

Verdecia-Peña, Randy, and José I. Alonso. "A Comparative Experimental Study of MIMO A&F and D&F Relay Nodes Using a Software-Defined Radio Platform." Electronics 10, no. 5 (2021): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050570.

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The relaying technologies in co-operative systems are considered a core element in actual and future wireless communications, assisting the network by enhancing its reliability and improving its capability through exploiting co-operativity. In this paper, a co-operative system testbed based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) through Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRPs) and the MatlabTM software is presented. The main novelty in this development of the platform is the implementation of 4G signal features, such as Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

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9

Jamdade, Antika, and M.A Thalor. "Enabling the Future: a Virtualized Approach to 5G and Edge Computing." Enabling the Future: a Virtualized Approach to 5G and Edge Computing 1, Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023): December 2023 (2024): 8. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaamr.v1i4.614.

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This abstract examines the evolution of wireless communications technologies beyond 5G (B5G) and the emergence of 6G. It highlights their key role in powering the Internet of Things (IoT) and enabling edge computing. Built on shared resources, this system is exposed to various real-time application scenarios and uses simulated user equipment (UE) and operational Nextcloud instances. Performance metrics are analyzed and the system can automatically scale during high network traffic to ensure high availability. Key concepts include Radio Access Network (RAN), Edge Computing, User Equipment and V

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10

Sanchez-Gonzalez, Juan, Roig José Oriol Sallent, and Jordi Perez-Romero. "A New Methodology for User Equipment Trajectory Prediction in Cellular Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 73, no. 9 (2024): 13710–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2024.3388554.

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User mobility prediction can be exploited in cellular networks for different purposes, such as enhancing the handover process, proactive resource allocation, proactive load balancing, etc., in order to improve the network performance. While many works aimed for the prediction of the next cell visited by the User Equipment (UE), the prediction of future UE locations has received less attention. In fact, only a few works deal with the prediction of the next UE location while other few works aim to predict the future direction of UEs arriving at a crossroad

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11

Puspita, Fitri Maya, Indrawati Indrawati, Bela Olivia Mareta Silaen, Evi Yuliza, and Oki Dwipurwani. "Selfish User Network Optimization With Celluler Network Traffic Management Model Using Lingo 13.0." Science and Technology Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2020.5.2.53-58.

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This paper discusses the management of traffic between cloud-based cellular networks. Welldesigned traffic management will allow network operators to draw maximum value from availablecapacity where cloud-based traffic management is called the UE (User Equipment). Runningtraffic management on the side of the UE allows decision making in the UE. Users can reach theQoS level to increase the speed of data received and communication latency or reduce theirpower consumption. Each UE maximizes their utility function, which is modelled based on theQoS parameters, selfishly, at the network side. So, th

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12

Ni, Wei. "A Self-Learning Based Antenna System for Indoor Wireless Network." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 9, no. 4 (2017): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2017100104.

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This paper provides an intelligent antenna system for indoor coverage wireless network. With the proposed antenna system, it can estimate user equipment (UE) distribution by a long-term self-learning mechanism. Based on such estimated UE distribution, it can reallocate radio power on each antenna. As a result, it can increase frequency spectrum efficiency and improve system capacity compared with the traditional system. In addition, this solution can also save energy and control interference to neighbor system.

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13

Bokor, László, József Kovács, and Csaba Attila Szabó. "A Home Agent Initiated Handover Solution for Fine-Grained Offloading in Future Mobile Internet Architectures." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 6, no. 1 (2014): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2014010101.

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The currently standardized IP Flow Mobility (IFOM) solution in 3GPP is strictly User Equipment (UE) centric as the operator must firstly deliver the flow routing policies to the UE, and then the UE must provide these policies to the Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW). Network-based (NB) solutions try to eliminate the above limitations and create an operator centric flow management framework. This paper is committed to give an overview of existing offloading techniques, to introduce the power of network-based solutions, and to propose a MIPv6/DSMIPv6 based NB-IFOM scheme relying on Home Agent in

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14

Lee, Ki-Hun, Gyudong Park, and Bang Chul Jung. "A QoS-Adaptive Interference Alignment Technique for In-Band Full-Duplex Multi-Antenna Cellular Networks." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239417.

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In this paper, we propose a novel interference alignment (IA) technique for an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular network where a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) are equipped with multiple antennas, and the local channel state information (CSI) is available at all nodes. Considering a practical IBFD MIMO cellular network, it is assumed that only the BS operates with full-duplex (FD) communication while UE operate in half-duplex (HD) mode. These IBFD networks introduce a new type of interference called cross-link interference (CLI), in which upli

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15

Feng, Dongdong, Siyao Li, Yong Xiang, and Jiahuan Zheng. "A user-embedded temporal attention neural network for IoT trajectories prediction." PeerJ Computer Science 11 (February 11, 2025): e2681. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2681.

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Over the past two decades, sequential recommendation systems have garnered significant research interest, driven by their potential applications in personalized product recommendations. In this article, we seek to explicitly model an algorithm based on Internet of Things (IoT) data to predict the next cell reached by the user equipment (UE). This algorithm exploits UE embedding and cell embedding combining the visit time interval information, and uses sliding window sampling to process more UE trajectory data. Furthermore, we use the attention mechanism, removed the query matrix operation and

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16

Nassef, Omar, Toktam Mahmoodi, Foivos Michelinakis, Kashif Mahmood, and Ahmed Elmokashfi. "Optimising Performance for NB-IoT UE Devices through Data Driven Models." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10010021.

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This paper presents a data driven framework for performance optimisation of Narrow-Band IoT user equipment. The proposed framework is an edge micro-service that suggests one-time configurations to user equipment communicating with a base station. Suggested configurations are delivered from a Configuration Advocate, to improve energy consumption, delay, throughput or a combination of those metrics, depending on the user-end device and the application. Reinforcement learning utilising gradient descent and genetic algorithm is adopted synchronously with machine and deep learning algorithms to pre

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17

Mokrani, Mohamed, and Messaoud Bensabti. "Block Diagonalization in the 5G SA Network." Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies 5, no. 4 (2023): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2023.5.4.11.

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In this paper, we did programming regarding the Block diagonalization technology in the 5G standalone SA network, in this program, we have created a 5G site with 16 antennas(minimum of Massive MIMO) and 4 active users equipped of 4 antennas, this system is called Multi Users Massive MIMO system, the link that was chosen is the downlink,we have calculated the maximum throughput in the 5G downlink where we have obained a value of 1673864 b/ms, this value is divided by the number of Massive MIMO layers which worth 16 to get a transport block size of 104616 b/ms (no Cyclic redundancy check CRC). T

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18

Ahmed, Laguidi, Hachad Tarik, and Hachad Lamiae. "Mobile network connectivity analysis for device to device communication in 5G network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (2023): 680–87. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp680-687.

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Since long term evolved release 14 (LTE R14), the device to device (D2D) communications have become a promising technology for in-band or outband mobile communication networks. In addition, D2D communications constitute an essential component of the fifth-generation mobile network (5G). For example, to improve capability communication, reduce the power dissipation, reduce latency within the networks and implement new applications and services. However, reducing the congestion in D2D communications and improving the mobile network connectivity are the essential problems to propose these new app

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19

Abuelgasim, A. A. M. K., and K. M. Yusof. "High Speed Mobility Management Performance in a Real LTE Scenario." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 5175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3245.

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This paper discusses the mobility management for high-speed users, which is a crucial challenge for all mobile operators, especially when users are moving vertically across different network technologies. Mobility, also known as seamless connectivity, is directly influencing the quality of service (QoS). Mobility management-Handover (HO) performance was evaluated by field measurements of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network of a mobile operator in the Middle East. Drive test measurements were used to analyze the results of different high-speed scenarios. User Equipment (UE) with high speed of 8

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Abuelgasim, A. A. M. K., and K. M. Yusof. "High Speed Mobility Management Performance in a Real LTE Scenario." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 5175–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659530.

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This paper discusses the mobility management for high-speed users, which is a crucial challenge for all mobile operators, especially when users are moving vertically across different network technologies. Mobility, also known as seamless connectivity, is directly influencing the quality of service (QoS). Mobility management-Handover (HO) performance was evaluated by field measurements of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network of a mobile operator in the Middle East. Drive test measurements were used to analyze the results of different high-speed scenarios. User Equipment (UE) with high speed of 8

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21

Riad, Mai A., Osama El-Ghandour, and Ahmed Abd El-Haleem. "Joint User-Slice Pairing and Association Framework Based on H-NOMA in RAN Slicing." Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197343.

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Multiservice cellular in Radio Access Network (RAN) Slicing has recently attained huge interest in enhancing isolation and flexibility. However, RAN slicing in heterogeneous networks (HetNet) architecture is not adequately explored. This study proposes a pairing-network slicing (NS) approach for Multiservice RAN that cares about quality of service (QoS), baseband resources, capacities of wireless fronthaul and backhaul links, and isolation. This intriguing approach helps address the increased need for mobile network traffic produced by a range of devices with various QoS requirements, includin

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22

Kabir, Homayun, Mau-Luen Tham, Yoong Choon Chang, Chee-Onn Chow, and Yasunori Owada. "Mobility-Aware Resource Allocation in IoRT Network for Post-Disaster Communications with Parameterized Reinforcement Learning." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146448.

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Natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, landslides, tsunamis, wildfires, and hurricanes, have become more common in recent years due to rapid climate change. For Post-Disaster Management (PDM), authorities deploy various types of user equipment (UE) for the search and rescue operation, for example, search and rescue robots, drones, medical robots, smartphones, etc., via the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) supported by cellular 4G/LTE/5G and beyond or other wireless technologies. For uninterrupted communication services, movable and deployable resource units (MDRUs) have been utiliz

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23

Al Harthi, Faiza Rashid Ammar, Abderezak Touzene, Nasser Alzidi, and Faiza Al Salti. "Intelligent Handover Decision-Making for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) 5G Networks." Telecom 6, no. 3 (2025): 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom6030047.

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Fifth-generation Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks have ushered in a new set of challenges that negatively affect seamless connectivity, specifically owing to high user equipment (UE) mobility and high density. As UE accelerates, there are frequent transitions from one cell to another, and handovers (HOs) are triggered by network performance metrics, including latency, higher energy consumption, and greater packet loss. Traditional HO mechanisms fail to handle such network conditions, requiring the development of Intelligent HO Decisions for V2X (IHD-V2X). By leveraging Q-Learning, the inte

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24

Benni, Nirmalkumar S., and Sunilkumar S. Manvi. "Enhancement of data transmission using optimized multi-cell approach in 5G backhaul wireless mesh network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp65-76.

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<p><span>The millimeter wave (mmWave) band and its usage has taken an attention in this 5G creation as its implementation can provide ultra-high speed data transmission in wireless network. This is much better than the centimeter wave-band as it has limitations on the bandwidth usage. While considering the 5G networking with the backhaul-topologies, the network and user-equipment performance depends on the selection of serving receiving nodes (RNs) of the user-equipment (UE). Therefore, the algorithms that reduces the complexity of the UE association and the backhaul traffic-routin

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25

Choi, Wan-Kyu, and Jae-Young Pyun. "Machine Learning-Based Paging Enhancement in 5G Network." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (2022): 9555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199555.

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Recently, technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have been applied to intelligently and effectively operate fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) network systems. In particular, we are interested in using them in 4G mobility management entities and 5G access and mobility management functions (AMFs), where functional enhancement or performance improvement is required. This paper presents an enhanced paging approach based on supervised machine learning and a Markov process for the performance improvement of paging in 5G AMFs. User equipment (UE) p

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26

Chu, Thi My Chinh, and Hans-Jürgen Zepernick. "Performance Analysis of an Adaptive Rate Scheme for QoE-Assured Mobile VR Video Streaming." Computers 11, no. 5 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11050069.

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The emerging 5G mobile networks are essential enablers for mobile virtual reality (VR) video streaming applications assuring high quality of experience (QoE) at the end-user. In addition, mobile edge computing brings computational resources closer to the user equipment (UE), which allows offloading computationally intensive processing. In this paper, we consider a network architecture for mobile VR video streaming applications consisting of a server that holds the VR video content, a mobile edge virtualization with prefetching (MVP) unit that handles the VR video packets, and a head-mounted di

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27

Laguidi, Ahmed, Tarik Hachad, and Lamiae Hachad. "Mobile network connectivity analysis for device to device communication in 5G network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (2023): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp680-687.

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<p><span>Since long term evolved release 14 (LTE R14), the device to device (D2D) communications have become a promising technology for in-band or out-band mobile communication networks. In addition, D2D communications constitute an essential component of the fifth-generation mobile network (5G). For example, to improve capability communication, reduce the power dissipation, reduce latency within the networks and implement new applications and services. However, reducing the congestion in D2D communications and improving the mobile network connectivity are the essential problems to

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28

.., Ishwarlal, and Ankit Saxena. "Design, Simulation and Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Multiple Access (MDMA) Schemes Using MATLAB for Quality of Service (QoS) Enhancement." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 11, no. 2 (2024): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.110210.

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To provide better Quality of Service (QoS), which is expected in contemporary 6G wireless networks. We project a MDMA scheme to fulfill UE-specific QoS needs with the aid of multi-dimensional radio resource cost. This method can be successfully called Multi-Dimensional Radio Resource Allocation (MDRA). Specifically, the planned scheme incorporates two novel aspects: for each UE, the choice of user-specific non-orthogonal multiple approach mode whose cost is determined by UE-specific non-orthogonal interference cancellation; and allocating multiple dimensional radio resources for co-existing UE

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Abuelgasim, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mohamed Khalafalla Hassan, Mutaz Hamed Khairi, Muhammad Nadzir Marsono, and Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof. "Real-time high-speed mobility management." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (2021): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1534-1541.

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High-speed mobility system has now become a serious concern for mobile operators due to the large frameworks of a heterogeneous network made up of multiple cell types and different frequency bands. Handover (HO) is conducted in a real-life scenario when the user equipment (UE) moves from one network coverage to another by performing proper measurement with high speed. HO breakdown and call loss are observed due to a high speed; thus, high-speed mobility system needs improvement by using the UE speed as one of the key measurement monitoring criteria for the long-term evolution (LTE) network. Ve

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Abuelgasim, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Mohamed Khalafalla Hassan, Mutaz Hamed Khairi, Muhammad Nadzir Marsono, and Kamaludin Mohamad Yusof. "Real-time high-speed mobility management." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 3 (2021): 1534–41. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1534-1541.

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High-speed mobility system has now become a serious concern for mobile operators due to the large frameworks of a heterogeneous network made up of multiple cell types and different frequency bands. Handover (HO) is conducted in a real-life scenario when the user equipment (UE) moves from one network coverage to another by performing proper measurement with high speed. HO breakdown and call loss are observed due to a high speed; thus, high-speed mobility system needs improvement by using the UE speed as one of the key measurement monitoring criteria for the long-term evolution (LTE) network. Ve

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Zhang, Ziyang, Zheng Jiang, Bei Yang, and Xiaoming She. "A Beamforming-Based Enhanced Handover Scheme with Adaptive Threshold for 5G Heterogeneous Networks." Electronics 12, no. 19 (2023): 4131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194131.

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In order to tackle the explosive growth of data traffic and the number of terminals, 5G heterogeneous network (HetNet) has become an important evolution direction of 5G networking architecture. Densely deployed micro base stations (gNBs) in 5G HetNets will dramatically increase the handover frequency of user equipment (UE), resulting in more handover failures, and seriously reducing the user experience of mobile UE. Aiming at tackling this problem, this paper proposes a beam enhancement handover scheme with an adaptive threshold. Firstly, different beamforming gains are configured for the mobi

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Siva, T., A. Beno, B. Lanitha, et al. "Hybrid LSTM-PCA-Powered Renewable Energy-Based Battery Life Prediction and Management for IoT Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (August 26, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9807511.

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To ensure self-sustainable and long-term requirement of Internet of Things (IoT) operation, energy harvesting (EH) is a promising technique. In this work, battery prediction problems and joint access control are studied in a IoT cell system with a base station (BS) and EH user equipment (UE) with limited uplink access channels. Every UE present holds a limited capacity rechargeable battery. In order to address this issue, we take into consideration the uplink wireless system with “N” EH user equipment (UE) along with the base station. To build the UE uplink access control, the first step invol

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Kang, Ling, Yi Wang, Yanjun Hu, Fang Jiang, Na Bai, and Yu Deng. "JUTAR: Joint User-Association, Task-Partition, and Resource-Allocation Algorithm for MEC Networks." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031601.

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Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising technique to support the emerging delay-sensitive and compute-intensive applications for user equipment (UE) by means of computation offloading. However, designing a computation offloading algorithm for the MEC network to meet the restrictive requirements towards system latency and energy consumption remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a joint user-association, task-partition, and resource-allocation (JUTAR) algorithm to solve the computation offloading problem. In particular, we first build an optimization function for the computation offl

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Engin, Zeydan, Turk Yekta, and Berk Zorba Baris. "Enhancing the Capabilities of Mobile Backhaul: A User Plane Perspective." Springer Journal of Network and Systems Management 30, no. 31 (2022): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6477404.

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Avoiding problems such as packet loss in the transport network is crucial for mobile network providers to offer high-quality services reliably and without interruptions. In this paper, we propose and compare three different transmission strategies, namely Caching, Network Coding (NC) and Repetition enabled transmission in the User Plane (UP) of mobile backhaul for network operators to prevent such performance degradation. In the proposed NC-enabled transmission method, NC provides robustness to transport network failures such that no further retransmission is required by the User Equipment (UE

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Bakuza, Emmanuel, Hashimu U. Iddi, and Abdi T. Abdalla. "Efficient Load Balancing Algorithm in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Heterogeneous Network Based on Dynamic Cell Range Expansion Bias." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 3 (2021): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.6.

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The traditional scheme for load balancing in a homogeneous Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network where User Equipment (UEs) associate to a node with the strongest received signal strength is not practical for LTE Heterogeneous Network (LTE HetNet) due to power disparity between the nodes. Therefore, dynamic Cell Range Expansion (CRE) based load-balancing schemes were employed by several scholars to address the challenges in the LTE HetNet. However, the fairness index in achieving the desired average user throughput and UE offloading effect is relatively low. In this work, an efficient load-balanci

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Kwon, Young Min, Syed Tariq Shah, JaeSheung Shin, Ae-Soon Park, and Min Young Chung. "Performance Evaluation of Moving Small-Cell Network with Proactive Cache." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6013158.

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Due to rapid growth in mobile traffic, mobile network operators (MNOs) are considering the deployment of moving small-cells (mSCs). mSC is a user-centric network which provides voice and data services during mobility. mSC can receive and forward data traffic via wireless backhaul and sidehaul links. In addition, due to the predictive nature of users demand, mSCs can proactively cache the predicted contents in off-peak-traffic periods. Due to these characteristics, MNOs consider mSCs as a cost-efficient solution to not only enhance the system capacity but also provide guaranteed quality of serv

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Pinheiro, Bruno, Daniel Silva, Felipe Andrade, and Rafael Ribeiro. "Comparison of Current Consumption and Data Rates in 5G NSA over FR2 and FR1 Bands." Journal of Communication and Information Systems 39, no. 2024 (2024): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14209/jcis.2024.10.

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This paper presents a comparison of current consumption in a 5G User Equipment (UE) under NonStandAlone (NSA) deployment when submitted to different scenarios, such as the number of antennas (MIMO), Carrier Aggregation (CA), and modulation schemes. The comparison will occur over the same network parameters but for Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands. Measurements were taken in laboratory using a setup with test stations for the simulation of LTE and NR Cells and a Control PC with Rapid Test Design (RTD) for the communication between the UE and the test stations, as well a

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C G, Balaji, Anu Monisha A, and Murugan K. "A Novel Hybrid UE Selection Scheme for Efficient Data Offloading Using D2D Communication." Computer Journal 63, no. 10 (2020): 1513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa041.

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Abstract The exponential growth in mobile broadband data traffic with demand for faster data connectivity has become the most engaging challenges for mobile operators. They are facing an enormous data load in the core network and are finding new solutions to offload data to other complementary technologies. Mobile data offloading using device-to-device (D2D) communication stands out as the promising and the low-cost solution to reduce the burden on cellular network. Data offloading is the process of reducing the load in the cellular medium by using alternative wireless technologies for bearing

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Ahmad, Ishtiaq, JinYoung Jang, and KyungHi Chang. "QoS Priority-Based Mobile Personal Cell Deployment with Load Balancing for Interference Reduction between Users on Coexisting Public Safety and Railway LTE Networks." Electronics 9, no. 12 (2020): 2136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122136.

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The Republic of Korea has played a leading role in the development of next-generation long-term evolution (LTE) public safety networks. The LTE-based public safety (PS-LTE) network, the LTE-based high-speed railway (LTE-R) network, and the LTE-based maritime (LTE-M) network use the same 700 MHz frequency band. That results in severe co-channel interference (CCI), so there is a dire need for practical research into resolving the CCI issue. Moreover, unplanned deployment of the mobile personal cell (mPC) generates serious user-association issues owing to its movement, which leads to severe co-ch

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Choi, Yoon-Ju, Ji-Hee Yu, Seung-Hwan Seo, et al. "CNN-Based End-to-End CPU-AP-UE Power Allocation for Spectral Efficiency Enhancement in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks." Mathematics 13, no. 9 (2025): 1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13091442.

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Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks eliminate cell boundaries and enhance uniform quality of service by enabling cooperative transmission among access points (APs). In conventional cellular networks, user equipment located at the cell edge experiences severe interference and unbalanced resource allocation. However, in cell-free massive MIMO networks, multiple access points cooperatively serve user equipment (UEs), effectively mitigating these issues. Beamforming and cooperative transmission among APs are essential in massive MIMO environments, making efficient powe

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Emran, Muhammad, Vijey Thayananthan, Muhammad Umair, Ivan Kotuliak, Muhammad Shuaib Qureshi, and Muhammad Bilal Qureshi. "The Handover and Performance Analysis of LTE Network with Traditional and SDN Approaches." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 14, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7387737.

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The mobility of user equipment (UE) in cellular network is a challenging issue in terms of its management. Current traditional handover in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network is managed by evolved Node B or eNodeB (eNB) which is a decentralized solution. In contrast to existing technology, software defined network (SDN) has the capability of serving the packets of the switching equipment without involving the SDN controller except for the first one. We have proposed an SDN-based centralized solution for handover management in LTE network. Based on our solution, the handover is being managed by S

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Thien, Huynh Thanh, Van-Hiep Vu, and Insoo Koo. "Game Theory-Based Smart Mobile-Data Offloading Scheme in 5G Cellular Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072327.

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Mobile-data traffic exponentially increases day by day due to the rapid development of smart devices and mobile internet services. Thus, the cellular network suffers from various problems, like traffic congestion and load imbalance, which might decrease end-user quality of service. This work compensates for the problem of offloading in the cellular network by forming device-to-device (D2D) links. A game scenario is formulated where D2D-link pairs compete for network resources. In a D2D-link pair, the data of a user equipment (UE) is offloaded to another UE with an offload coefficient, i.e., th

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Shober, Mustafa Abbas, and Prof Rami Tawil. "A Novel RSS Fingerprint to Locate User Equipment UE in Remote Area." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (2024): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v11i1.3684.

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Location determination algorithms are widely used in cellular networks, especially in the long-term evolution (LTE) network, to enable the provision of location-based services (LBS). The increasing global demand for cellular networks has resulted in the creation of new user equipment (UE) positioning systems that align with the network's momentum. Regrettably, all of these technologies are hindered by their incapacity to ascertain the location of the UE in distant regions. This article introduces a novel method utilizing Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting to precisely locate UEs in remote are

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Gong, Seonghyeon, Abir EL Azzaoui, Jeonghun Cha, and Jong Hyuk Park. "Secure Secondary Authentication Framework for Efficient Mutual Authentication on a 5G Data Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020727.

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The service-based architecture of the Fifth Generation(5G) had combined the services and security architectures and enhanced the authentication process of services to expand the coverage of the network, including heterogeneous devices. This architecture uses the secondary authentication for mutual authentication between the User Equipment (UE) and the Data Network (DN) to authenticate devices and services. However, this authentication mechanism can cause a signaling storm in the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) because the end node needs to communicate with the authentication server of the NAS area. T

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Park, Jaesung. "Association Game for Conflict Resolution between UEs and Small Cells." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (June 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5801217.

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Small cells are expected to increase the capacity and the coverage of a wireless network. Since the transmission ranges of the small cells overlap with each other, a user equipment (UE) can be located within the service areas of multiple cells. Therefore, the association decisions made by the small cells and the UEs influence the energy efficiency of the cells and the data rates provided to the UEs. However, if they attempt to achieve their goals selfishly, the network may become instable in that a UE has to change its associated cell and a cell has to change the set of UEs associated with it

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Chen, Jie, Chang Liu, Husheng Li, Xulong Li, and Shaoqian Li. "A Categorized Resource Sharing Mechanism for Device-to-Device Communications in Cellular Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5894752.

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Device-to-Device (D2D) communications are considered one of the key technologies for 5G wireless communication systems. In this paper, a resource sharing mechanism, which applies different policies for different cases (thus being categorized), is proposed. In this scheme, all D2D pairs are divided into three groups by comparing the minimum transmit power with the maximum transmit power of each cellular UE. The proposed mechanism enables multiple D2D pairs in the second group to share the resource with cellular user equipment (UE) simultaneously, by adjusting the transmit powers of these D2D tr

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Crespo-Bardera, Estefanía, Adrián Vega Delgado, Aarón Garrido Martín, Alfonso Fernández-Durán, and Matilde Sánchez-Fernández. "Textile Multiantenna Technology and Relaying Architectures for Emergency Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (February 5, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7292075.

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Every year around 200 million people are affected by hazards of different nature. In most of these situations public protection and disaster relief personnel are usually the first responders to provide help. To provide differential relief coverage in these scenarios, novel communication and network functionalities are being demanded, relegating today’s narrowband private radio (PMR) emergency systems to the background. These are data-support, increased coverage, broadband communication, and high reliability which will be addressed by novel communication technologies such as Long Term Evolution

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Lou, Yi Feng, Wei Guo, and Wen Hui Xiong. "Energy Efficiency of Cell Range Extension of Picocell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.507.

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Energy efficiency is an important issue in the wireless communication system as the increasing number of wireless network users and the emerging data usage. Heterogeneous network (HetNet) is a possible way to reduce the energy consumption since the distance between user equipment (UE) and the base station is shortened in HetNet, which sharply reduce the pathloss between the transmitter and receiver. This paper investigates the energy efficiency of Pico-Macro system in terms of Joule per bit. A effects of using Cell Range Extension (CRE) of Picocell based on energy efficiency is investigated an

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Zhang, Jiao, Li Zhou, Angran Xiao, Sai Zeng, Haitao Zhao, and Jibo Wei. "Sliding Window Based Feature Extraction and Traffic Clustering for Green Mobile Cyberphysical Systems." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2409830.

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Both the densification of small base stations and the diversity of user activities bring huge challenges for today’s heterogeneous networks, either heavy burdens on base stations or serious energy waste. In order to ensure coverage of the network while reducing the total energy consumption, we adopt a green mobile cyberphysical system (MCPS) to handle this problem. In this paper, we propose a feature extraction method using sliding window to extract the distribution feature of mobile user equipment (UE), and a case study is presented to demonstrate that the method is efficacious in reserving t

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Edris, Ed Kamya Kiyemba, Mahdi Aiash, and Jonathan Loo. "DCSS Protocol for Data Caching and Sharing Security in a 5G Network." Network 1, no. 2 (2021): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network1020006.

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Fifth Generation mobile networks (5G) promise to make network services provided by various Service Providers (SP) such as Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and third-party SPs accessible from anywhere by the end-users through their User Equipment (UE). These services will be pushed closer to the edge for quick, seamless, and secure access. After being granted access to a service, the end-user will be able to cache and share data with other users. However, security measures should be in place for SP not only to secure the provisioning and access of those services but also, should be able to restr

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